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\ 



Free Parliaments : l 



A R G U ME NT 

ON THEIR 

FCONSTITUTION; 

PROVING 

Some of their Powers to be ladependant. 

To which is added, An 

A P P E N D I X, 

COWTA miu G 

Several' Original Letters and Papers, 
which paffed between the Court of Hanover^ 
and a Gentleman at London, in the Years 
1713 and 1714, touching the Right of the 
Duke of Cambridge to Refide in £;^/a«i/, 
and Sic in Parliament. 

B/tkeAuTBOR of the 

Britannic Constitution, 



LO N no N: 

Printed for D. B R o w N E, at the Black Sman 

widlQUt TmpU-Bar. M.DCCXXXI. 



'•'...^\l..' 



rr » ■ 







To Her Grace, 
The Dutchefs-Dowaget of 

^ARLBOROUGH., 

May it pleafe your Grace, 

H E Relation You beat 
to the Duke of Marl- 
borough, engages me 
to pray Your Grace's ' 

Patronage of the Treatise \\tti 

Infcribed. 

The Military Atchievements of 

!His Grace, can never fail to impart 
Honour to all his Defcendants, and 
Pleafure to all fuch Patriots, as value 
their Religion, or the Liberties ofl 
their Country. For when it is re- 
membcr'd, That His Grace, who, of 
a Subjed, was, undoubtedly, the 
A » Gk««S!. 



^ET) ICAT lOK 
Created Hero this Nation ever pror 
duccd, had, by his Viftories, Dif- 
abled the Dangerous Enemy, from 
Affifting Thofe who endeavoured tq 
Difappoint the Hammer Succeffion, 
at the very time when that Enemy's 
AiEftance would have been moft 
Effcftual ; Thofe Patriots muft, in 
that Contemplation, think of his 
Viftories, with the highcft and moft 
pleafing Eftimation. This Fruit, 
therefore, of out Hero's Efforts, will 
be a Laurel to crown his Succeffes, 
that can never fade, fo long as Bri- 
tons retain Vertue, to admire the glo- 
rious Enterprizes of the Incomparable 
Marlborough. I am, 



laner- 



May it pleiife Tour Grace, 
Your Grace's 
Moft Faithful and 
Moft Obedient Servant, 



Roger Acherley, 







t THE 

} CONTENT 

tiHE Parliament conjifij of three E' 

^ fiates. Page i 

J ^e firji and ntoji excellent Eftate 

* compared, ibid. 

'^^he Eledion of the fecoitd Eftate, 

or Lords, and their Powers, z 

^be Elefiion of the third Eftate, or Commons, and 

their Powers 3 

S^tf Fountain of the Commons Powers, 5 

An AB of Government by the Commons finely, 8 

An A£i of Government by the Lords Temporat 

and Commons, ajferting the firft Inftitution of 

the Kingdom, and what the firft Kings thereof 

might not do, 10 

Firft Law to Secure Free Eli£ftons; iS 

Proteifion of Free Parliaments, 17 

Attempts to Violate Free Parliaments in the T 

of King Edward the Firft, 
Violation iif Free Parliametiti in the Reigil . 
Richard the Second, 

In the Reign of King Charles t 

Firft, 
King Charles the Firft'i laft Speech, ati&Wiity 
thofe Violations^ 



Ktfleliions on bis 



L 



Atumfti 




- *^ 



I 



CONTENTS. 

Keafonsfor IVr'itin^ upon Peace and IVar^ j6 
treating with the Enemy Separately^ 58, 60 

Suriiiux the Tide of VtSiory by a Difunion of 

Forces y 61 

^be Managers enfnared, 64 

Management, •which caufed VtCiory to he dt/- 

liked, 6$ 

DoSiar Sacheverell made an A£ior, and the Part 

be a£ledy 67, 68 

^een's Letter to Lord-Treafurer Godolphin, 

70 

The Earl's Anfwer^ frediCl'mg the Sveists of « 

new Minifiry, 7 1 

New Meafures, eall'd the ^een's T^ieafureSy 
72 
New M'Hifiry^ 73 

2Vpw Parliament of the Complexion Lorrf Godol- 
phin preduTidy 76 
,^iee»s Speech unfathomahlCy 77 
Duke Marlborough though maltreated^ did not 

refign, 78 

Mfafures taken to calumniate and remove 

bimy ibid, 

Addrejfes of new Parliament , couching fecret ln~ 

nuendo's, 79 

Confequences of Duke Marlborough'^ continujiig 

General, ibia. 

His pajjing the French Linest and taking Bou- 

chaiii in 1711, 80 

Treating feparately with the Enemy fufpeCfed^ 

82 

French Preliminaries PubliJIfd ibid. 

Saron Botlimer'j Memorial and Propofal for a new 

Settleracnc of the Spanijh Crown, 83, 84 

Firmnefs of Earl Nottingham, 86 

Recti's 



CONTENTS. 

^leens Speecby explaining who were ber Ene- 
mies , S7 

Stealing feparately wilb ths ^tietrty, arraigned'^ 
88 

Queen's foleimi Promife to Kecover Spain and the 
Indies, 89 

Duke Marlborough traduced, ibid. 

Aidrefs of Lords to maintain aftriSi Union, which 
difirejjed the Minifiers^ ibid. 

Aidrefs of the Commons, which removed that 
DifirefSf 90,91 

Prerogative exercis'd in making twelve Lords, gf 

Calumnies invented to afperfe Duke Marlbo- 
rough, 92, 93 

TrofecHtion voted againfi him, 93 

Kemoval of Duke Marlborough, 93, 94 

Marlborough compar'dwith Julius Csefar, 95 

Ingratitude to Marlborough compared to the 
Athenian Captains, 97 

Marlborough'^ Defeiice agaihfi the fpiteful Pro- 
fecution, loi 

Prince Eugene'j coming to England, and his 
Negotiations, loi, 102 

Confiderations how to turn the fidi of Vi£iory, and 
the Arguments on both Sides, 103 

A Bijhop made Lord Privy Seal, and a Plenipo^ 
tentiary, 105 

^eensftilemn Promife to maintain aJiri^fUnion; 
and to recover Spain and the Indiesj ibid. 

Cungrefs at Utrecht, and the Proceedings 
there, , 107 

States-General preyed to come into the ^een's 
Meafures, I08 

Ormond'j Declaration in Holland to puRlcTjJ ibe 
li'sr, 10^ 



OrmohdV ^ 



I 



CONTENTS. 

Ormond'j Refufal to puDi the War ly Figbtt 
ii>g, 112 

Vf bales ahottt the Refufal to Fight, 112,113 
iMarlborough "Traduced, ng 

ProtefialioKS of the Prime Maiifier to cover the 
feparate treaty for a few Days, 117 

Prelimiuaries at the Hague and Gertruyden- 

burg. Motion to confider of them, 118 

Debatej in the Commons about Ormond'j Refufal 

to fight . 121 

Mr. Pultency'j Motion ; wbicb if carryd, bad 

been efeiiual, ibid. 

Confuitations about turning Vi£fory, and bow t9 

be done, 122 

Enumeration of Declarations wbicb deny'd any 

feparate ^reaty^ 123 

S^be Speech of 6 June 1712, wbicb cottfefs'd and 

avow'd the feparate "Treaty, 1 26 

Prerogative to make Peace and War defin'd, 127 
Cbief Inducement to begin the late War que- 

fiion'd, 130 

Principle laid down at commencing the feparate 

Sreaty, 131 

Power at band to execute wbat was agreed on, but 

concealing wbat was fo agreed, 133 

The Expedient to make the Enemy bis own Car- 

nier, 134. 

S'be Succefjson to the Crown of France de- 

clard^ 137 

Succefjion to the Crown of Spain femred by Gua- 
rantees, &c. ibid. 
Di'viding France and Spain, and the Balajice 

of Power fiatedi '39 

Sftfrfe /«ff untreated of, 142 

Demcli- 



CONTENTS. 



Demolition p/'Dunkirk, hy whom to be made, ibid. 
Gibraltar offered to remain in the PojfeJJioTi of 

Britain, I4J 

Ittt j^JJieuto Contra£i obtain'd as a, Dijtnt- 

£lion^ 146 

3'be Jnterejls of tbe eonlraCling Parties left to the 

Enemy ^ 147 

Bopes that contra£ii»g Parties would not i/yvy the 

Glory of this Treaty, 148 

jUlufion to King Charles the Second, wbo 'j:as 

averfe to a feparale Treaty, 151 

tiebates of the Lords about a Guaranty^ 153 

Hampden'j Motion about the Guaranty^ 15^ 

Torrent of ViClory turn'd, and bow the contra^ing 

Parties were affeSled, 156 

Manner o/Ormond'j Separation of Forces^ is'J 
Chicanery about Dunkirk, 159 

foreign Trccps treated as Deferters^ 160 

Ceffation of Arms declared, 161 

Ormond feized Ghent and Bruges, ibid. 

Ormond compared to Himilco, 161, l6a 

Torrent of pillory turnd, and the Enemy's Ex~ 

ploiSs rehearftd, 163, 164, 

The lamentable State of the Dutch, and their 

CoTi/plamts, 166, 167 

States-General forced to fign the feparate Peace, 
17a 
Remarks on the Crafts-man, 172, 173 

Exaltation andPraifes of the Minifiers 177, 178 
General 'jbfer'vntions on the feparate Treaty, 1 79 
Debates 'siheiler the Protefiaut Succeffwn in Dan~ 

ger or not, 181 

Arguments on both Sides, 183, & feq, 

Mr. Walpole'j Argument for Mr. Stccl'j Crifis, 



1 



CONTENTS. 

French Ambajfador Duke D'Aumont, hit InflU 
ernes, iStf 

Smarted Arguments abnut the Succejfwttj 189 
AddreJJes about Kemonjing and apprehending the 
Pretender, 192, 19J 

Demand of the IVrit tf Summons for the Duke of 
Cambridge, 19^, 19J 

^he ©?an5 CliOlatiOn of¥rce Parliatnents, by 
Letters^ 199 

Correffondence between the Court n/Hanovcr and a 
Gentieman, hew to Introduce a Prinze of Ha- 
nover, 20j; 
I. By Amending the treaty o/Utrecht, zoi 
a. By Demanding the tf'rit of SutnmntiSy 2091 1 
Lord Ireafurer Oxford difplac'd, and -why, 211 ( 
Emperor's Undoubted Prerogative exercifedy 2ta | 
^eeii's Detnife^ and what fmceejej, 214 
Eight frveral Alts ofparh^tnent madeJineeiBSS., 
to Jecure a Free Iluufe of CvmoHnu, 216 
B-eafons -why a further Law tsyet neceffary^ 218,219 
Penfion-Btil necejfary, and why, 220 
Aifs of Parliament Jhewing, that there is no 
Ncgati've agaitiji Kedrejjing National Griev~ 
attces, Z2I 
ObjeBions againji the Penfion-Bill (iated, 227 
^he Objelior ealtd upon to prove his Objec~ 
tions, 230, 232 
Powers of the Commons that are Independant^ lUu- 
Jifgtedy 233, 234 
Arguments againji Independant Powers, /rtifzverd, 
236, &leq. 
Inconveniencies that attend Members in long ami 
frequent Seffions of Parliament^ 241 
Expedients to fccure Free ParliamentSy 242 

S'he 



1 Fvee TarliamentSy &.c. 

Eftates of Lords and Commons, I ihall 
confider, 

1. The Elediori and Appointment of 
the Lords, or Second Eftate, and ihcir 
Privileges. 

2. The Eleaion of the Third Eftate, or 
Houfe of Commons, and their Free- 
dom, Independency, and Privileges. 

3. The Violations of Free Parliaments 
before the Revohtiou j and the many- 
Laws niade, fince that titnej to Re- 
ftore and Secure a Free Houfe of 
Commons. 

4. The Rcafons why a further Law is 
yet neceflary, to fupply the Defed 
of Evidence, and to make Etfeftual 
the Laws already made, in order to 
render Free the Houfe of Commons. 

r. ^s to the FirJ} Conjiderathn^ touch- 
ing the Eledion and Creation of the Second 
Eft3te, there can be no doubt biit that in the 
Firft Formation or Ohgination of the Bri- 
tamm Conftitution, the Eleaion of the 
Second Eftate, or Lords, was appropriated 
to, and vefted in the Supreme Governor 
the King : But that when the King had 
ctefted and appdnted the Lords, tliey 



1 



;rnor, J 
lad fo I 
were I 



IFir^e TarUatnenh, &c. 5 

to derive ihe\x j^uthofity from the Conftkil- 
tion, and beTruftees in General for thePeo. , 
pie and Nation, and toad concurrently with \ 
{ but as freely as ) the othef two Eftates^ 
according to ihetr Privileges, whicii are I 
lundaitient^I. 

1. ^nd (U to the EkSfion of the Third ' 
Eftate, or Houie of Commons, there cah 
be no Poubt but that the Eledion irf k 
Members to ferve in the Houfe of Contf J 
mons, IhOiild be, and was veiled in the . 
People, in thfe feveral Parts of the Natiori, 
froth whom they were, in, and by, thdit 
Eleftion, to derive all their Tower^ ^uh 
thority^ and Independcticy, to ad concur^ , 
rently with (but as freely as) the other i 
Two Eftatts, according to their Privileges, j 
^'hich are alfi) fundamental. 



f 



jind as to the Pollers and Privileges i 
which were to be, and were appropriated 
in Common to both thofe Two Eftatcs, I 
think I may wave them, and firft afiert, 
That becaufe the Houle of Commons wa$ 
(in Conjunftion with the Lords) to have the 
whole Power of the firft Devifing Laws ; 
and fince the Commons were to be trulled 
with the Powftr of giving and granting 
Aids and Taxes, fo as fuch Gifts be con-r 
iented to by the Lords in Parliament alV 
"imblcd, and were alio to be trufted wifh 




4 Free TarliamentSy &c. 

the Power and Authority to expofe the 
Peoples Grievances, and to Prolecute, for 
proper Remedies, They were therefore to be 
the Refuge of the People, and to be Judges 
of their State and Condition : And fince the 
Redrefs of National Grievances, was to 
take, or hath, in moft Cafes, taken its^r/? 
Rije and Commencement in the Houk of 
Commons ; and fince, for thofe Reafons, 
the Elections of the Commoners were to be 
-Free^ and the Crown totally Excluded ; 
■and fince, for the better excluding all In- 
fluences on Members, after their Eleftions, 
They were to have and take Wages from 
their Eleftors, as Mailers, from whom They 
derive their Power and Authority, and 
from them only, and from none other ; 
Therefore, from thefe Premifes, it may 
be argued, That the Exclufion of all 
Influences, cither on the Eleftors or 
■Eleaed, ought to be fatal. Becaufe 
.fVages implies the Capacities of Mafter 
and Servant ; for the Servant muft ferve 
Thofe, from whom he accepts the Hire. 
However, this ProvJfion reftrains not 
Members from accepting Pubiick Re- 
;Wards for eminent Services done out of 
'arliament : But for Services done in Par- 
liament, They may not, in any fort, take 
'^ewards, and above all, not Private ones ; 
■for Whoever takes Rewards, fubmits to the 
Service the Giver impofcB. 

All 



I 

I 
I 
I 

J 



r'Free Parliaments^ Sec. 5 

Al! which Properties of the Commons, 
-and their Shares in the Government concur- 
rently with the other Two Eftates, are di- 
ftinftly ftated in the Mrttamnc Conftitution. ' 



It tnuft therefore be obfcrved, That the' 
Original Conftituencs of Parliament omitted' 
to provide any Remedy, or Means, for the' 
Electors, to require from their Repreienta- 
lives any Account of their Demeanor. AU'J 
that the Conftitution provided and refervcJ 
to the Elcftors, wzs, frequent NewEk0ions ;*1 
in which the Electors might, in their Elec-' 
tions, ?re<Tf Offenders with a public Cenfurc," 
by rejeding them, and chufing better in 
their Room ; and by that Means only, 
exprels their Refentment. 



I 



hut in this f/iJce, and before I proceed, 1 
I may obferve. That in the Original Writ*! 
of Summons, (a) there appears a fuUec 
Exprejjon of the Conftitution of the Houfijjl 
of Commons, than is to be found in any)*] 
other Evidence : For the King thereitin 
Declares, " That He, confidering the in-' 
" fuperablc and m'gent Bufineffes, concern- H 
" ing his Government, and the State of thwl 
*' Nation, had ordered a Parliament to bar J 
** holden ( at fuch a Time and Place ) 



6 Free l^arliamentSy 6cc. 

" Confer and Treat about the faaic, with 
*f his People ; His Majefty therefore com- 
'f mands the Sheriff to make Proclamation 
" of fuch his Retblutipn, and to caule Two 
*' Knights for the Shire, and Two Citizens 
" for each City, and Two BurgeJTes for 
" each Borough within his County, to be 
" clefted, y^d fackndum ea, ( i. c. to. mak£, 
*'• and confent to the makhig ) fuch Things, 
'* as by the Common Council of Ungland 
'* ihall be agreed on j fo that, for want of 
** thh fort of Power, the Naticaial Bufincls 
" may not remain undone. 

Frviji the Words of this fVritj it may he 
inferr'd ; 

1. 7'hiit when the Government and State 
of the Nation is embarafs'd, the aflcmbling 
a Parliament, is the affembling of that 
Power which (only) can overcome the 
Grievance, and fupport the King in hi8 
Authority and Grandeur. 

2. Tj&af the Power here wanted and 
called for, is the Power of the People ; 
without which 'J'o-mer, the National Bufi- 
nefs cannot be dofie, but, for want of it, 
muft remain tir:clone : Of which Bufineffes 
the elefted Members are impartially tojudge^ 
and may freely give or deny their Concur- 
rence 



1 



) 



I 



Free ^arJiamentSy Sec y 

rence to fuch Things as fhall be propofed 
or required. 

T^jfi Inference^ therefore, that this Power 
is derh'a from the people, and is incU' 
fendant, is concludve : Bccaufe the Peo- 
ple cannot give to, or inveft another, 
with that Power, which they theojfelvcs 
have not. 

3. ^st the King^ in his Conferences 
and Treaty with the Parliament, mention'd 
m the }Vrit of Summom^ fcems to be <f«?- 
gaged^ on his Part, to difclofe and impart 
to that AlTembly, not only what Things 
he thinks fit, bv\t a\fo fuch Things as they 
ihall dcfire to know : Becaufc it is Part of 
their Duty to expofe their Grievances, and 
to nuke Inquifiiion for the Anchors, and 
to profecnte for proper Remedies. And 
after that, the King fcems to be alfo «;- 
gaged, to give the Royal Aflcnt, to fuch 
Remedies as the Aflembly Ihall judge and 
chufe to be good and proper to redrefs the 
Grievance : Becaufe their Refolutjons, are 
the Reafons of the Kingdom. And if lb, 
then how frte and mdeperidJiit ought to be 
fuch an Jpmbly ? 

4. fbat the ffords and Form of thefc 
Writs of Summons, are the ftrongcft Evi- 
dence to demonftrate and prove, what that 
j£>I]aCC is, and what that Pa-jjer is, which 

B 4 the 



8 Free Parliaments^ Sec. 

the Commons in Parliament alTembled have 
in the Government. 

■ * Now the Rights and Powers which the 
Third Eftate, or Houfe of Commons, have 
anciently excrcifed, feem to prove them to 
be a Free, Jndependanty and Effential Eftate 
or Part of the Government ; as may appear 
from thefe two old Inftances, viz. 

{a) In tke Tear \ aj8 43 Hen. 3. this 

King receiv'd a Letter from Pope Ahxander 
the Fourth, by which that BiOiop of Rvme 
expoitulated with the King about the Sen- 
tence, or Ad of Parliament, which His 
Majefty had, jointly with the Lords and 
Commons, given and paft, to \>2m^ Jdomar, 
the proud and infolent Bifiiopof ^'scj^f/^fr, 
for numerous Mifdemeanors, and efpecially 
for mifleading (and patronizing others to 
miilead) thisKing into many provokingA<^s 
of Mifgovernment ; the Bifhop of Rorne^ 
by this Letter, required, That the Sentence 
( or Statute ) ftiould be repealed, and 
Adomar recall'd, for this Romifti Reafon j 
Becaufe, forfooth, that Biftiop of fVincheJier 
was a Clergy-man, and not fubjedl ( as he 
pretended ) to Lay Cenfures, in Difobedi- 
ence to the Church Canons made by the 

T. 

■ {») Cenafi Vi^humn, 35-0. TyrrtU, 

Bifhop 



Free 'ParJiamentSy ' 
Bifhop of Rome. And in order to Anfwer 
this Letter, King Henry laid it before the ^ 
Parliament, to confider of this Ufurpatioa I 
of Church Dominion. Upon which the j 
Commons came to a Refolutlon, whicfi j 
they reduced into a Letter, in Anfwer to 1 
the Pope's ; in which they, as a Free and j 
hidep&tidant Eftate, exprefled their Senfe, 1 
in thefe Words, Si Domimu Rex & Regni J 
tmjores hoc vellent ; Commumtas tavnn^ ip- 
fius ( Adomar ) Ingrejptm^ in ^ngliam jam 
millatenus fuptneret. In Englijb thus ; 
" If the King and the Lords would do 
" this Thing, (meaning, if they would re- 
" voke the Bamftiment) yet the Commons 
" would twt Jujfer or bear Adomar's. Re- 
" fidence in England. " And the Commons 
caufed their Speaker, Petrus de Montford 
( Vice totius Cotnmufiiiatis ) to fign, and 
he did fign, this Anfwer. And afterwards 
in a Conference with the Upper Houfe, 
the Lords alfo undcr-figned it. And the 
fame was fcnt to the BiSiop of Rome^ who 
being fo rebuked and abalhed, all his Pre-* 
tcnces were at that time filenced. This 
Afl of Government therefore fufficiently 
proves, that the Houfe of Commons was 
at that time a Free and Indepeiidant 
Eftate, or Part of the Conftitution of the 
Kingdom, to aft concurrently with (but 
as freely as ) the other Two Eftates. 

a. And 



10 Free TarliamentSj S^c. 

I. j^fjd anotf}eic inoft exemplary Effort or 
A^ of the Two Eftates of Lords Temporal, 
and Commons (cxclufive as well of the 
Prelates, as of the King ) merits a ghnoiis 
KememhrancSy which happened upon this 
Occafion, viz. 

It was difcovercd^ in the Year la^t^, 
23 Eli. I. that Johu BaM King of Scots 
(who, by King Edward's Sentence or Ar- 
bitration, had been placed in that Throne, 
preferable to Robert Bruce his Opponent ) 
had fecretly confpired wkhpf'^fice to invade 
pnd attack England on one Side, whilft 
France did fo on the other. Which Con? 
fpiracy fo incenfed King Edward and the 
Nation too, that this King invaded and 
made terrible War in Scothwd^ and more- 
over claimed the Sovereignty of that King- 
dom, and treated the Scotifi King and his 
Fcople as Rebels. 

Darhig this PVar^ Robert Wmchelfey Arch- 
bilhop oi Canterbury y in much Haftc and 
Concern, arrived in the King's Camp near 
the Abbey of Djzquer in Scotland, and in 
Quality of the Pope's Legate, dcliver'd to 
His Majefty a Letter oi Summons from 
Pope Eumface the Eighth, dated at jimigtna 
the lythof y««e 1300, whereby theBifhop 
of Rofne fignify'd, That tlie Scots com- 
plained 



1 



J 



Free Parliaments, &c. \ \ 

plained to him. That altho' King Edwar^ 
had (as (hey pretended) no Sovereignty 
Qver their Country, yet he had invaded, 
and made Waf, and tyrannized over theni- 
contrary to all Right and Equity : And 
that altho' King Edwafd had affumed to 
be Arbitrator between fome Claimants of 
their Crown j and altho' the Scot^hzd liih- 
mttted to his Arbitration ; yet that Sub- 
miilion was made for no other Reafon, 
but bccauft they were not able to refift 
his Will : The Bifhop of Rome therefore, 
at the Inftance of the Scots ( who prayed 
his judgment and Afliftance ) claimed the 
Cognizance and the Juiifdiclion to hear and 
determine all Queftlons touching the Sove- 
reignty of Scotland^ and required King 
Edward to ceafe his Wars, and reftore tc» 
the Scots their Liberties ; and direded^ 
That if He, King Edzvard, pretended to 
have a Sovereignty or Dominion over Scof- 
landf His Majefty ftiould fend CommiJIioner^ 
fully inftrudied, to Anfwer before him (the 
Bifiiop oi Rome) to iUz Scots Complaints, 
proniifing to do King Edward Juftice, anq 
inviolably to obfcrve his Right, if any h^ 
had ( that is, to hear and determine the 
Sovereign Right) to the Scotijh Goveri^if 
, tncnt. 

7'he Khig^ -zt-as enough furprized at the 
iMeflage j and yet he declined, at prefent, 




i 2 Free Parliaments, Sec. 
to treat the Arch-Bifhop with fuch Ufagc 
as is ufually inflifted on Subjefts who bring 
MeiTages fo prefumptiious and treafonable. 
But His Majefty, with Mildnefs, told the 
Arch-Bi(hop, That, according totheCuftom 
of Enghtid, he would advife with his Par- 
liament, and fend the Biihop of Rome an 
Anfwer by Meflengers of his own. 

King Edward therefore immediately 
called a Parliament, which met at Lincoln 
about the 20th of January 1300, and laid 
before them the Pope's Letters, and re- 
quired their Counfel and Refolution. Which 
was the fame thing as to fay, To you, Gen- 
tlemen, it belongs, to give an Anfwer to 
a MeiTage fo imperious, which claimed 
over them fuch a Church Dominion. Upon 
Confideration whereof, the Two Eftatcs of 
Lords Temporal, and Commons, ( without 
the Prelates) exercifed, in their Judicial 
Capacity, their Original and Fundamental 
Rights and Powers, and came to feveral 
Refolutions, which they reduced into the 
Form of a Letter, or Anfwer : And to 
feveral Duplicates thereof, the whole 
Houfe of Temporal Lords (being in 
Number 104) did, for Themfelves, and for 
the Commons of EngUudy put their Hands 
and Seals \ all of them dated the lath 
Day o? Febnuary 1300 ; one of which Du- 
plicates was fcnt to the Pope, as the Senfe 
and 



) 



J 



I 



Free Parliaments, Sec. \ j 
and Judgment of the Nation : And one 
other of thofe Duplicates hath efcaped the 
Injuries of Time, and is now extant in the 
Library of Corpus Chrijit College in Ox- 
fordy and was, by the Authority of that 
Univerfity, in the Year 1678, printed both 
in Latin and Eiiglijh ; the Whole whereof 
being long, 1 chufe rather to abftraft the 
material Parts : It was direfted to the 
Pope, and the Words were ; 

" Sane Convocato nuper per Dominum 
" noftrum Edwardum Regem AngHs Par- 
" liamento, apud Lincoln', idem Dominus 
*' quafdam Literas Apoftolicas quas ex 
" parte veftra receperat, in medio exhiberi 
" fecit. Qiiibus Auditis fit, IntdlectiSjlcimus 
" enim Pater fanftiflinie quod a jP^iflia 
*' JllftitUtione Regni Angliie, Reges ejuf. 
" dem, fuper juribus fuis Temporalibus, 
■" coram aliquo Judice Ecclefiaftico, vc] Se- 
*' calari, non relponderunt aut refponderc 
" debebant : Unde habita deliberatione, 
" unanimis omnium noftrorum confenius 
" fuit, eft, ac erit inconcufse, quod prae- 
*' fatus Dominus Rex, fuper juribus fuis 
** Temporalibus, nuUatenus judicialiter re- 
" fpondeat, coram vobis, ncc Judicium 
" fubeat quoquomodo, aut jura fua in du- 
" bium qiixftionis deducat, nee ad prjefen- 
" tiam veftram, Procuraiores aut Nuncios 

raittat. Cum premilTa in fubverfionem 
" flatus 



14 Free^arMmmi, Sec. 

^< flatus Rcgni ic Libcrtattim 8t Lcgiib Pa* 
^^ ternarum cfedcrettt, ad quamm defehfion* 
*' aftringimur, & qtiae riianii tfeneblniuS toto 
^ f/ofle, totifque Viribiis defcirdefhus : Ncc 
^^ ctiam pcfifiittirtiu j, aut aliquaterius pet- 
*^ mittferfitlS, pfaemiffa tarn infolita tl iilde^ 
**^ bita, t>ottliHuitii nbftram kfcgcrri (etiairi 
*^ fi veilet ) faccrc ftu qubihoddlifcet at^ 
*^ terilptarc. '' 



In cujus rei Teftmomum Sigilla noftray 
tatn pro nohsy quam pro tota Com^ 
fnunifau prcediai Regni j^nglM pra^ 
fentibus funt appenfa. 

Datum apud Lincoln^ i%^ Die Fe^ 
bruariiy Anno Dom. 1300, 



In EngUJh thus : 

A full ^arliarmnt being cdlled by our Lord 
Edward Ktng of England, at Lincoln ; 
tie^ our faid Sovireign^ did cauji to be pub^ 
'fickfy produrid certain Apoflolical Letters 
received from you the Bijhpp of Rome : 
Pfloich We having cctnfidered^ do declare^ 
fhat from the jfftft JtlfftttltlOlt rfthe King^ 
/fo^ ^England, the Kings thereof have not 
Anfooered^ nor ought to Anfuoer^ of or con^ 
cerning their T'emporal Rights^ before any 
Judge Ecclejiafical or Secular : frherefore^ 
after ferious Conjideration^ the unanimous 

Confenf 



Fires Tariiaments, 8cc. 1 5 

Confent of us j4ll^ was, ;j, and Jhall im~ 
mtweably for ever be^ 'that out King ought 
not., ndr Jbally in anyivije^ jinjwer judkialifM 
b^are you the B'tfhop o/Rome, of ot com\ 
eern'wg any of his femfaral Rights, ««•* J 
Jhall Jtihmit to yoar "Judgwent, nor fhsU | 
bring my ofhtsjaid Rights in ^aejiion be^ ' 
fore you^ nor fhall fend any '^roBor or MsJa 
finger to appear before you : For that fitch J 
a Proceeding "Would tend tofubvert the Stwet-i 
reignty of the Kingdom, and the liberties J 
a^ Laws of this Nation, which we arsM 
bound to dqend, and will defend and maiil^ 1 
tain, with all our Force and Power. An^ j 
moreover ( a/tho' mr Lord the King fiouM ' 
of him/elf be wilting^ ^ yet ) we do no:, not 
will permit or fuffer hirn to do, ot attempt j 
to do, the unlawful Things you require H 
l^Tneaning, That the People o/^England lofrtfl 
fi&f, nor would he in any firt, JuhjeB A I 
I Church Donanion ]. 

In Witrtefs whereof, we have to theti! 
Prcfeuts, as well for our Selves, ai 1 
for the whole Commonalty of the 
Kingdom of England, fet our Seals. 

Dated at Lincoln, the 12th Day of 

^ Fhtnuajj i« the Year 1300. 

^hh 



Fne 'Parliaments, Sec. 



7his TranfaBion is an unqueftionable Proof, 
that the Two Eftates of Lords and Gam- 
mons, ( being in a Free Parliament at* 
fembled ) have acvcMtA fome of the h'tghefl 
jicis ofGovernnient^ and have interpofed 
( and feafbnably too ) to prevent luch Pro- 
ceedings, even of their own Kings, as 
tended to hurt or leflen the Rights, or So- 
vereignty, or Independency y oi England. 

3. jis to the ^d Confideration^ concerning 
the Violations of Free Parliaments, we may 
obferve ; That whenever we Ipeak of Free 
Parliaments, we cannot defcribe them bet- 
ter, than by defcribing their Contraries, 
viz. Unfree, or Byaffed Parliaments : And 
therefore it becomes neceflary to Ihew 
what Attempts have been made, to violate 
. Free Eledions, and to Byas the Members 
when elefted ; and what Laws have been 
made to redrefs thofe Grievances i and 
how, and for what Reafon, thofe Laws 
have proved ineffedual. 



'The Jirfi Notice our Records ( which 

cfcaped Spoliations ) have given us of 

t Violations of Free Kledions, is the Statute 

Ijinade in the firft Parliament of King Ed- 

T toiir;/ the Firft, after his Return from the 

\.Hu!y Land, and held in the 3d Year of his 

•Keign, 1275, (now 4j6 Years ago) the 

common 



I 



I 



H Free 'Parliaments, &c. 17 

H roramon Hiftory informs us. That in the 
W. Jong Rctgn of his Father King Henry the 
' Third, many unfair Eledions, by the In-»^ 
fluence of that King and his Miniftcrv4 
had been made, of Members to ferve in j 
Parliament 1 And therefore the Commons ia 
this Parliament devifed a Law to redrcfa 
that Grievance, in thefc Ihort Words j 

fhat forafmuch as KkBions ought to ha 
Free^ the King {i.e. the King, by Autho- 
rity of Parliament) commatidsy !that no j 
Great Man^ mr other .^ fiould, by Force of 1 
^rms^ or by Malice ( ;. e. by Fraud ) 
or Menacesy dijiurb the making Free 
Ele^ioHs. 

From this ^By it may be prcfumcd, I 

that former Kings, and, perhaps, the Great | 

Lords too, had been the great Difturber? J 

of Free Parliaments ; and that therefore | 

the Commons, who devifed this Acl, penn'd 1 

it in ttiis Form \ to the End the King might J 

»^, above all others, bound and reftrained. , J 

" Tj&ff vtxt Impediment to Free Parlia- ] 

ments, we find in the Statute of the 7th of 1 
King Edward the Fir/i ; wherein the Lords 

and Commons reprefented to the King, j 

That to His Majefty it belong'd, of his 1 

Royal Prerogativfy to protc0 the Parliamer^c 1 
^rom Force : >^«i/ therefore^ £Cc. 1 pre- 
m C fume. 



i8 Free ^arlinmentSy &c. 

iiime, I may infer from this old Law, That 
in regard oar ancient Kings were bound to 
*froteB Free Parliaments from open ForcC; 
fthey were equally bound and retrained 
tfrom ufing fecrct Means to byas them. 

r" Tiff next Injiame of the Violation of 
tFree Parliaments, was, That this very 
\Kir7g Edward the Firjl clofetted the Mem- 
**bers, and treated them, partly with Pro- 

niifes of Rewards, and partly with Menaces, 
[ 40 delay or decline the Confirmation of that 

important Statute, to reftore that moll ma- 
Qrerial Ciaufe of King yohfi's Magna Charta, 
Wtouching the Power to impofe Taxes) 
all'd the Statute De T'allagio van Conce- 
Viendo^ which had been fraudulently omit- 
! ted out of King Henry's Magna Charta, viz. 
['^hat no Taxes could or ihould be impofed 
Vfer levied, but by a Grant thereof in Par- 
L^tament. 

But the Vertue and Integriry of the 

Cl^triot Lords and Commons of thofe Times, 

[ and their inflexible Refolutions to reftore 

ind vindicate the Conftitution, was fnperior 

> all Temptations, and deaf to all Perfwa- 

JCons. 

'Cfte nert attempts to violate Free Par- 
naments, were made in the Reign of King 
'Richard the Second, which were fo cx- 
traordinaryj 



1 

1 



r 



^ 



Free 'ParliamentSy 6cc. 19 

traordmary, that if all the Pidures of the 
fioemics to Free Parliaments were loft, 
fhcy might all again be painted to the Life, 
out of the Story of this King : For He 
^or his Miniftcrs for him ) rightly judged. 
That there was no fare or fafe Way to fub- 
vert the Conftitution, or to attain Arbitrary 
Power, but by gavermng the '^arltament^ 
elpecially the Houfe of Comraons ; and for 
that Purpofe, this Xing and his Minifters 
laboured and watched nine Years together, 
in taking Meafure? to compafs that DeCgn, 
wkJ at laft effefted it. 

' Bitt, hard Fate ! this daring Attempt 
compleated the King's Errors, and endi!d 
in a fad Cataftrophe : For when the Lords 
and Commons were driven, by Miigovcrn- 
ment, to withdraw their Afiiftance, thfsJ 
King was taken Frifoner : And a Patlia- 1 
ment, or Convention, being affembled, I 
•they proceeded judicially, and exhibited I 
the Breaches of the Original Contrad, and, 1 
amongft others, they infiftcd ftrcnuouDy on I 
the Article, for Violating PVee Parliamenta, I 
( which this King had perpetrated, both by J 
open Force, and fecrei Fraud ) in ihefc I 
Words, viz. I 

** Tliat altho', by the Conftitution and I 
" Cuftomofthe Kingdom, concerning Par- ' 
" liaments, the People in eyeiy Place ought 
C 2 " to 



to Free 'FarUamenis, &c. 

to be jFcee to eleft and depute Knights 
(or Members) to reprcfent them in Par- 
liament, and to expofe their Grlevaneesy 
and to frofecute therein for proper Re- 
medies ; yet this King, to the End he 
migfit be Free^ to obtain and effeft his own 
rafti and indifcreet Will, had frequently 
fignified his Commands to the Sheriffs, 
fl*^ requiring them to caiife certain Perfons 
i#f (^by the King himfdf nominated ) to be 
Returned as Knights (or Members) 
to his Parliament ; which Members fa- , 
vouring this King, His Majefty could (as 
ht freqtie fitly did) engage them, fome- 
timcs by Terrors and Menaces, and at 
Pp other times by Rewards ( meaning Pen- 
f^ fions and Places ) to Confent ( /. e. give 
their Votes ) to fuch Things as were 
famtful to the Kingdom, and to the 
People excejjtvely hurdmfome. '' 

Bi This Free 'Parliament now aflembled, 

Ijargued, That if this King had a 'Prerogative 

,to reward fuch Services, as he could not 

.obtain without fuch Rewards, then he had 

a Prerogative to reward the Nation's E»e~ 

mjes : For this Nation cannot hzyc greater 

Enemies than Byalfed Reprefentatives : 

^»d thefe Ouert Fails are tiuijueftio)ial>le 

'wiProofs, that this King's Minifters did trai- 

mJeruuJly compafs and imagine his Rtiine and 

'Misfortune. 



tm 



\ 



Free Parliaments^ Sec. ^\ 

%^Z nert QJiOiatiOns of Free Parliaments, 
were made in the Reign of King Charles 
the Firft, which differed from all the: J 
former ; For this King did not go aboutr 
to Penfion or Byas the Members j becaiife 
fuch a Proceeding would tacitly admit, that 
Ibme ^(jatC of the Government did refidcj 
in the People : Bui His Majefty affuming 
to himfelf the whole Government, exclu- 
five of all Intermeddling, did aflert and^ i 
avow, That the People ( meaning tbeip { 
Reprefentatives in the Houie of Commons )j I 
had no Share in the Government, but that 
the Entire and Sovereign (or Supreme) 
Power teGded in His Majefty (as King) 
only. 

^rid the King therefore, in order to ] 
convince the People of the Truth of this | 
Maxim of State, treated the Parliament with^ I 
fome Badges that favoured of meer Faffhl-^'i 
hge : For His Majefty, by Mcffages, pre*, 
icribed to them, as a aiesi Dej'emfant' Af-* 
fcmbly, what they Jhould do, and what not. 
For if the Commons in Parliament had been 
fubjeft to be fo prefcribed to, they were- 
Dependant ; if not, tliey were Indcpen- 
dant. 



His Majefty, by Speeches, declared, 
That it was in his Power to make them 
I tCafS to T5C ; And that was a Notion whit-h 
C 3 imported, 



Free ^arUamentSj &c, 

[ imported, that He, as King, had Power to 
I change the Conftitution of the Kingdom ; 
ft«nd to make that Kftate Dependant, which 
' 1 its firft Inftitution was Independant. 

' His Majefty denied fome of the Lords 
I their Seats in Parliament. 

■ He fent armed forces to break and 
[•ehter by Force into theHoufe of Commons j 
[ which ought to have been as inviolable as 
; his own Houfe. 

( He menaced, firft to punifti, and after- 
Irtards did adually profccute, fine, and 
impiifbn fome Members, Jor what they Jaid 
and did in Parliament. 

His Majefty exercifed a Coercive Power 
over the Houfe of Commons : For he 
conduced, In Perfon, an armed Force to 
the Houfe, and enter'd himfclf into it, to 
arrcft the five Members. 

And, above all, he exercifed a Govern- 
ment for a long time without Parliaments ; 
and prohibited the People tofpeak any more 
.of Parliaments. 

All which Violations are accurately re- 
lated in the Bntatinic Conftitution ; except 
jenly, that the Author omitted this King's 
fending 



1 



» 



Ftee Parliaments Sec. ij 
fending armed Forces to break open the 
poors of the Hoiil'e of Commons. And, 
$fi to that Matter, the Fad was thus : 

7he Second Seffion of this King's ^6 Par- 
liament was opened on the loth of ^a- 
muary i6a8, 4 Car. I. in which many 
rough Proceedings pafled, about His Ma- 
jefty's impofing and levying the Cuftoms 
on Merchandife without Aft of Parlia- 
ment, &e. But the Parliament being, for 
that Reafon, adjourned 'till Monday the 
ad of March 1628, Sir John Fmh the 
Speaker did on that Day deliver a Meflage 
from the King, commanding the Houfe to 
adjourn for eight Days, 'till I'uefday the 
loth of ^(fr;-^. But the Members appre- 
hending an abrupt DiiTokiiion, Sir Mile^ 
Hobart ftept to the Door and lock'd it jJ 
and Meffieurs Holies^ yaknt'me, Haymaiii^,% 
and Others, held the Speaker Finch in thtfu 
Chair. The King hearing of this Heat loM 
the Houfe, fent for the Serjeant at Arra^.f 
commanding him to bring away the Mace ; 
But- the Serjeant was lock'd in. TheK' 
then fcnt Maxwell^ the Uilicr of the B! 
Rod, to Diffbive the Parliament : But neit^ 
ther he nor his Meffige would be admit-i 
ted. The King then fcnt his Captainj^ 
with their Gentlemen Pcnfioncrs, and the 
Guards, with Orders to force an Entrance, il 
But thcfe Proceedings gained two Hours 
C 4 Time; 



24 Free Parliaments, See. 
Time ; m which Space thp Houfe paffed' 
their Refolutions, " That whoever fiiould 
*' advife the taking or levying Tonnage 
" and Poundage, (meaning the Cuftoms) 
" or aft therein, or ftiould vohintarily pay 
" thofe Cuftoms, thoiild be deemed public 
** Enemies" : And then hearing the Forces 
were advancin;;, to break in, the Houfc 
broke up fuddenly, and efcaped. 

The grand Qucftion therefore was, 
"Whether the Peof/e had a Right to have 
thofe Shares in the Government, or not ? 
The People refolutcly claimed them, and 
the King as obftinately denied them. 

'If therefore the Cafe is rightly ftated, 
then the /fl/? Speech of this King is a fuU 
(Proofs that His Majefty's Minifters were 
fierce Enemies to the Peoples Parliamentary 
Rights and Powers ; and chat that Enmity 
Was incurable : For His Majefty's laft Words 
■ were thefe ; 

(a) ^s for the9eopky truly, J dejire their 

•Liberty and Freedom as much as avy Body 

► 'iohomfoever : But I muji tell yoUy 7%at their 

' Liberty and Freedom doth vot conpji m 

having a Share in the Government \ iJTbat 



ledl 
ildl 



r 



Free Parliaments, Sec. ty 

is nothing pertaining to Them : j4 Subjeft 
snd a Sovereign art char different "fhmgs : 
Jnd therefore^ 'till you do That, / niean^ 
that you fat the 'Teofle into that Liberty, 
as I fay, they will never enjoy themfehes. 
Sirs., It was for %^\% I am come Hither : 
And therefore I tell yoii, "That 1 am a 
Martyr of the People : I have delivered 
my Confcience. 

7%is Speech, fpofccn in fuch a Place, and 
at fuch a Time, feems to difclofc, That 
the Maxim of State, which His Majcfty ad- 
hered to, \vas, That Parliaments had no 
€l>tl9tc in the Government. And it" that 
was really his Maxim, then I think I fliall 
iland juftified, by making thefe fliort 
Queries, viz. 

1. Whether the People or Commons of 
England ever did claim, or pretend to claim, 
any ftljarE in the Government, except their 
Parliamentary Shares, to ad as a Free and 
Independant Eftate, according to the Coi>. 
Itilution ? 

2. Whether this Speech did not open the 
very Secrets of His Majefty's Mind and 
Confcience, touching the Fafts and Caujes 
iot which he was martyr'd ? 

3. Whc- 



>6 Free ^axUaments^ &cc, 

3. Whether the Words, f put $b* Peapk 
into that Liberty, as I fay, ] do not meatv, 
to put the People out of their ParUatnenury 
Sharei ? 

4. Whether the Meaning of the Wofd 

Hither^ and am a Martyr ] did, or did not 
mean, That His Majefty, for endeavouring 
to put the People out of their Parliamen- 
tary @(I)atf0 in the Government, ( viz. out 
of th«r Independaiicy, to aft as a Free 
Eftate, according to the Gonftitution, ) wa» 
a Martyr ? 

J. If the Word [ Ci)tS ] did mean, 
That His Majefty's Endeavour to put the 
People out of their faid Parlianmitary 
Shares^ was the true Caafe of his Mar- 
tyrdom ; Then, What ibrt of Behaviour 
muft that Be, of Freeholders,, when they 
give Thanks to God, for enabling this 
icing to Suffer, and to Rcfift unto Blood ; 
and to pray, that his Memory may, for 
that Endeavour, be blctTed among us ? 

But to thefc melancholy Coateni plat ions, 
I apprehend 1 may (without Offence) make 
a fliort Enquiry into the necefiary Gem- 
neiftion between Caufes and Effefts. Wc 
til krvow, that this King's moft difmal Cir- 
cuinftances, 



1 



» 



Free Parliaments^ Sec, ty 

tutnftances, were the EfFcdts j and that 
his Treatment of Free Parliaments, \*ere. 
the Gaufes of thofe Effeds : And therefoi* J 
it may be fiiade a Query, Whether tb^l 
Minifters, Arch-BJfliop Latid^ Earl Str^'iK 
ford^ and others of their Party, did nii6| 
compafs and imagine this King's MisfoM * 
lunes ? And whether Overt Fads to prove 
that Treafon, may not be afljgned, firft, 
in their lufujitig thofe niiilafcen Notions of 
Government into this King's Mind, which 
^Xi% Majefty^ often in his Life-time, alid, 
laft of all, at his Death, aflerted and cx- 
preffed ? And, fccondty, in their jidv'tjing 
this King to do and execute thofe pro- 
voking A£ls to Free Parliaments, which 
tended to Jhbvert the fundamental Form of 
this Government f and which His Majefty, 
purfuant to their evil Advice, and accord- 
ing to thofe Notions, did unhappily give 
irtto ? For thofe Miniiters Advice did make 
the jirfi Link of the Chain of thofe Caufes, 
and thofe Caufes did, by Steps, draw and 
involve His Majefty into the fatal Mifchicf : 
And thofe Overt Fads do therefore prove 
the Treafons of thofe Counfi;ls ; and in 
that Light, Men may be led to fee and 
know the firjl and real Malefactors. 

For if thofe Minifters had inllrtcd, That 
they had no Intentions to hurt, but to 
jferve His Majefty, whom they pafllonately 



I 



18 Free 'Parliaments^ Sec. 

rever'd ; yet that Pretence would havtf 
made a poor Evafion : Becaufc when Con- 
fcquences of illegal Ads extend beyond 
Intentions, the Effe£ts and the Caufes cannot 
be divided : For the Invafions on the Rights 
of the Commons, were the Cauja Efficitm ; 
and the Subverjkn of the fundamental 
Form of Government, was the Caufa Cau- 
fita^ or Caufajtne qua mn^ that finiftied the 
Trcafon. 

I think I (faall ftand juftified, in aflert- 
iog, That if any Prelate fliall hereafter 
^pire to be (like Arch-Bifliop Laad^ 
a Minifter of State, and fliould ( lite him ) 
iBJufe andfropagate Notions, That the Houfe 
of Commons are and ought to be treated as 
a Dependant Eftate, and confequently, re- 
warded, and prefcribed to ( for he that 
rewards, may prcfcribe ) j and if thofe 
Notions fliould be imbibed and furjhedy 
and the Houfe of Commons treated as Vaf- 
fals and Dependants ; That, in fuch a Cafe, 
the like Caufes would produce the like 
Effects; and then, fuch a Prelate would^ 
in fo doing, commit the Crime of Compaf- 
fing and Imagining the unhappy Confe- 
qucnces. 

The next Jttemfts to violate Free Par- 
liaments, were made in the Reign of King 

Charles the Second. 

His 



1 



r 



Free Parliameiits, Sec. if 



t 



His Majefty being in Exile, was pleafed, 
in order to gain Admiffion to the Throne, 
to put on a pleafing Drcfs, and to contra- 
dift his Royal Father's Aflertions, and to 
fay, Upoa the fford of a King^ That he 
bcliev'd that the Two Eftatcs of Lords and 
Commons in Parliament, were a /^^a/ Part 
of the Conftitniion, ( /. e. had a Vital Share 
in the Government ) ; and that he equally 
dcfired the People ftiould enjoy their Rights, 
in Free Parliaments, ( meaning their Share 
in the Government, as Free and Indepcn- 
dant Eftates ) as that He Cthe King) fliould 
enjoy his own Rights. 

j^tid yet this Khgy fo early as within 
Twelve Months after his making that ipe- 
cious Proteftation, on the fford of a Khigy 
retraded, and cnter'd into fecret Meafures 
with France^ to enable him to deprive the 
Elc£lors of their Eledions, and to extirpate 
Free Parliaments. For (a) Mr. Echard 
writes. That Mr. Popham, Proprietor of a 
great Eftate in Land, and a Man of great 
Intrigue and Sagacity, privately offer'd this 
King, That he and his (Popham's) Party 
in Parliament, wou'd procure for His Ma- 
jefty and his Succeffors, for ever, an 

Bumtt, p. i6o. 

Htrtii- 



I& Fr^ Parliaments^ &c. 

X'Jiered'itary Revenue of above Two Millions 
' ^ feafy to be payable and railed by way 
oi Land 7iiAr,'befides the Revenue of Exci/e, 
Hearth Aloney^ and other Duties, which 
He [the King] had already obtained. 
Upon which this King, in Breach of his own 
Royal Word, and folemn Declaration, 
gave in to this Propofal, and confulted 
the Lord ChanceUor Clarendon about this 
Overture. 

'' ff this dangerous Offer had taken Place, 
-$rkot}s might have bid Adieu to Free 
^Parliaments : But Heaven did, as at other 
times, interpofc and fave England from 
her own imprudent Children, who at that 
time Avould have throivn tip hsr Lihertiesy 
and the Peoples Share in the Government, 
into the Hands of a pretended Friend, but, 
in Mafquerade, a real Enemy. For the 
Chancellor Hyde, to his perpetual Honour, 
diverted the Mifthief, by adviling this 
King to depend on his Peoples Affedions, 
as the greatefl and furcft Revenue j and, 
by that honeft and found Advice, Free^ar' 
iiamejtts did at this time cfcape. 

~ 7he next Attempt againfl: Free Parlta- 
'mcnts, was oceafioned by the Ad of Par- 
liament, paiTed in the Winter Seflion of 
1(1(57, for taking an Account of Seven or 
Eight Millions, which had been given for 
carrying . 



1 



J 



Free 'Parliaments, Sec, ^ t 

carrying on the War againfi: the States G«-. 
neral \ but had been fo mifcrably mi£i 
applied, that the Dutch were fufFered to -J 
infuk ns in the Thames Mouth, and to burn \ 
our Ships of War under our very Nofes at 1 
Chatham. The Commiffioners were nine J 
Gentlemen (not Members of Parliament ) | 
who gave King C/?(if/fi the Second, by their 
Enquiries and Examinations, great Unea* J 
fineis, Jeft a Difcovery of the Truth Ihould 
bring on fiime untoward Events. 

^he Kifjg^ therefore, by the Treafurer of 
his Houihold, Sir ^homns Clifford^ found 
Means to 'fak& off\ (as the Phraie then 
was ) J meaning. He Byaffed moft of th? * 
Leading Members with Penfions, or R&r-fl 
wards : Which cauled the great Expcftaj-T 
tions from thofe Accounts to eraporataj 
And yet Mr. Echard ia) was plealed t^l 
write, That twelve Years afterwards, ia 
the Year 167J), when a ftricl Inquifition 
was made for the Names of thofe Penfioners, 
and what Penfions they had accepted, 
they were found to be but 32 in Number, 
whom he names ; and their Penfions were 
(as he fays) not confiderable : But he is 
pleafcd to fay, there were found a few Pa- 
. iriots ( naming no more than four ) who 



(») Zch^i, P.56+, 973. 



^x Ffee 'Parliaments, Sec. 

were, in thofc corrupted Times, fuperior 

to all Temptations. 

7%e Next Scheme to Remove or Enervate 
Free Parliaments, was thus contrived : 
Sir Thomas Clifford having fuccdsfiilly ap- 
plied the Penfions, and thereby turned the 
Public Accounts into Mockery, he was, in 
a convenient time, viz. \n November 1672, 
not only made Lord Treafurer, but one of 
the Cabal of five Lords, {to wit) Chford, 
^rVmgton, Buckingham, Jjbky Cooper {af- 
terwards Lord Shaftsbury)y ^.nd Lauderdale •, 
the initial Letters of whofe Names form'd 
the Word Cabal ^ who framed fuch Confpi- 
racies to fubvert the Conftitution, and to 
extinguifti Free Parliaments, as exceeded all 
Defcription. Their Pretences were. That 
frequent new Elections, in the Room of 
fuch as died, introduced into the Houfe of 
Commons Patriots who adhered to the Con- 
ftitution ; and thofe they ftigmatiz'd with 
the farcaftical Name of Republicans. 

But the principal Effort at Home, join'd 
with a fccret League with France, was, to 
eftabliJh fuch a perpetual and extenfive 
Fund, or Revenue, to advance the Prero- 
gative, as would render Parliaments ufeleis. 
And Lord Clifford^ having engaged his 
Penfioncrs, undertook and did, in a ftudied 
Speech, open, in the Houfe of Lords, the 
treafonable 



Free Tar/iameniSj &c. ^^ 

trealbnable Scheme ; and the King and the 
Duke of Tork were to be, and were prefenc 
in Perfon, to give the Defign the greater 
Countenance. 

Bat the Chancellor Shaftsbury, out of • 
fome Difguft lately taken at the King's . 
deferting him, and out of a private Pique'.' 
at Clifford^ expoicd the Scheme, and boldly, ' 
in the Prcfence of the King and Duke, \ 
" aflerted,That C//^or(/sPropofitions would" •] 
" end inConfufion; which, probably, might ; 
" fend again the Royal Family Abroad, to , 
" fpend their Lives in Exile, and, per- 
" haps, never to return. " And tho' this 
Speech did at this time confound the 
Conlpiracy, yet it made on the King 
and the Duke no Impreffion, iave only 
to iharpen their Enmity againft Free 
Parliaments, 



fhe mxt Attempt to enervate ( If not 
extirpate ) Free Parliaments, was made, 
when Earl Danby was made Lord Trea- 
furer \ for Clifforii'& Meafures were depre- 
ciated ; and the King was pofTcficd with 
this Notion, That whereas Clifford had, at 
great Prices, gained the Leading Members 
only, to fpeak and vote as he diicfted, 
leaving the Herd as a defpifed Company of 
"itle Value, the new Miniftcr aded in a 
D contrary 



r 



^^^_ ^4 Free Parliaments^ Sec. 

^^^^B contrary Method, rightly judging, that thef 
^^^^Kitgaining the major Number, was the furef 
^^^^fvGame ^ and it was reckon'd, that Ten or- 
^^^^^pdinary Men might be gained, cheaper than 
^Hl^^^one of the high-priced Leaders ; and the Mi- 
^F nifters proceeded accordingly. But it was 

^P found, at prefent, that many of this new-, 

gained Party, who were wilhng to vote in 
all Obedience; yet retaining feme Modefty, 
they at this time proved I'queamifh, and 
voted on the other Side, being afhamed 
to vote on the Side, which was baffled and 
I , manifcftly run down in the Debate. 

■4 In thefe I'lmes, about the Year 1674, 
many Glimmerings and Sparks of Kear 
«rofe in the Minifters Minds, touching the 
S Eleftion of a new Parliament, the People 
making a great Outcry againft the then 
ilanding Parliament ; but, above all, the 
Duke of Tork began to fmell the bitter 
Savour of a Bill of Exdifjioa : The prime 
Minifter therefore projefted, and contrived 
a new Scheme to fecure new Elections, and 
I to train a new Parliament to move and z6t 
i he direded. The Project was, to intro- 
duce a Law to anfwer all Purpofes ^ it 
•'<ras to be fuch a Teft, as fliould difcri- 
■Biinate and fhut out from being Eledors, 
fctnd from being clewed, to ferve in Parlia- 
rinent, all Diffenters. It was to be fuch a 
' Law as would fufficiently renounce and 
abjure 



Fne 'PariinmentSj &c. y^ 

abjure the Lawfulness of Refiftance, in any 
Cafe whacfoever j and reftrain Men from 
taking up Arms, in any Cafe whatfoevcr ; 
and as ftiould make the Subje^s Obedience 
to the Crown uncondit'ional. It was to be 
filch a Law, as ihould effefhaily reBram 
Men ( and efpedally Members of Parlia- 
ment) from endeavouring to make any Al- 
teration in the Government, either in Church 
or State, covertly, meaning to exclude any 
Bin of Exclufion of a Popifti SuccefTor. 
And, laftly, it was to be a Law impofing 
Oathsj both Afleitory and Promiifory, 
concerning all the Terms of this new 
Scheme. And the Minifters poffeiTcd the 
King and the Duke with a Notion, That 
fuch a Law would cftablifh their Govern- 
ment againft all Events, and make the 
Houfe of Commons perfcdly and intirely 
dependant, and fubjeft to the Regal Di- 
redions, and, confequently, would exclude 
all Exclufions. 

Bifliop Burmt writes, {a) That a Law 
of this Nature was contrived and framed 
by the Lord Treafurer Danhy^ and fome 
of the Biftiops : And that Lord Dunhy 
having made fure of a Majority of the 
Commons, the Bill was brought into the 



Houfe 



5 6 Free Parliaments^ &c. 

Houfe of Lords, in the Winter Scflion 1 67 j, 
under a Pretence to fettle in Mens Minds, 
their Principles of Government : And that 
as no Man was to be forced to take thefe 
Engagements, fo every Man was to be 
contented, with being excluded from what 
he might enjoy, if he would conform and 
.equip himfclf with thefc Qualifications. 

Bat never was any Bill oppofed with 
fuch a Spirit of Liberty j for the Debates 
lafted nineteen Days -, in which the Bill 
was divided into thefe tranicendent Que- 
ftions of State, viz. 

1. Whether Refiftance could be lawful, 
in aoy Cafe, againft the King ? and, Whe- 
ther the Subjeds Obedience to the Grown 
is Unconditional ? 

a. Whether the Authority and the Pcrfon 
of the King can be underftood to be in any 
Cafe Divided ? 

3. Whether a Commiffion given by the 
King, to do any Ads of State, can be in 
any Cafe Unlawful ? 

4. Whether Free Eledions of Members 
of Parliament, can be, by any Law now 
made, impaired ? or the Members, when 
elected, made Dependant, or Rcftrained, 

from 



I 



I 



Free 'Parliaments^ See. ^7 

from propounding the Alteration of Old 
Laws, or introducing New ones, or from- . 
Arguing or Debating upon the Fitndipjj 
or Unfitnefs of their Motions in Par-J 
liament ? Tl 

/ Jhall flate^ in ihort, the memorable 1 
Arguments againft this monftrous Attempt,*! 
and begin with the laft Part, touching Free M 
Eledions, and Free Parliaments. ■ 

And as to that, it was argued, That th^^^ 
Bill, inftead of preventing Alterations intv 
the Government, was an Endeavour to 'fl 
change its very Fundamentals : That the * I 
great Privilege oi Englifjmen was, to payl 
fuch Taxes only as their ReprclentativesfJ 
fhould give • and obey fuch JLaws only^ 
as thofe Reprefentatives ftould devife and*l 
conlent to : And why therefore fhould they.l 
be difinheritcd of their Birthrights, or ihut- 1 
out, by preliminary Conditions, from the-l 
tcndcreft Part of their hereditary Privileges ? I 
To which no good Anfwer was or could m 
be given. 1 I 

^ttd as to hind'nig the Members from I 
propounding Alterations, cither to amend, tl 
ftrengthen, or repeal old Laws, or intro- 1 
ducenewoncs; that Matter was cxpofed,' I 
as inconfiftent with t!ie Effence or ]nde- m. 
pendancy of Parliament : For no P.ulia- 
I D 3 mcnt 



3 8 Free 'Parliaments, &c. 
ment can reftrain the Power of a fucceeding 
Parliament ; but every Parliament, when 
affcmbled, if Free, hath an unUmite4 
Power over all the Laws made by former 
Parliaments. 



] 



jlnd as to the former Part of this Bill, 
touching Rcfiftance, Taking up Arms, ©■£". 

Thofe who argued againft the Bill, 
urged, That Rcfiftance, and Taking up 
Arms, arc indifferent A^s, and are to be 
diftinguiih'd by the Adjedives, lawful or 
unlawful : And therefore there muft bq 
fome Law to meafure by ^ to ftiew whe- 
ther the A.di done, agrees or difagrees with 
that Law. That the Words [_Not in any Cafe 
■iX)hatfoever\ are extenfive enough to repeal 
or enervate even Magna Charta itfelf : For 
Mas^naChartahaxh-'^oinic^ out, enumerated, 
and declared many Cafes, which the King 
cannot lawfully do ; viz. He cannot^ nor 
fiail caafey any Man to be jirrefied or Imfri~ 
fomdy or Dijffeized of his Freehold y &tc. but 
by the Law of the Land. 

That this Mignn Charta was made, upon 
a Suppohiion, That the King may, in Fad, 
do, or comniifTion others to do, thofe un- 
lawful Things ; For, Omnis frivatio prac- 
ftifpcnit hahitam. And therefore, if the 
King commiffions others to do any of thofe 
unlawful 



Free l^arliatnents. Sec. 59 
unlawful Things, the Commiflion is void j 
becaufe the King has no Authority to do 
the Thing required, much lefs to grant 
iuch a Commiflion to others to do it ; and 
therefore the Perfon commiffioned may be 
refitted, aa a Trcfpafler, Invader, and 
Wrong-doer. 

Ca/es were alfb put, touching making 
this Nation fubordinatc or tributary to 
FraKte, or endeavouring with a French J 
Army to lubdue it. 

jltid .^ueftiom were demanded, Whether 
the King was, in fuch a Cafe, to be rc- 
fiftcd, or permitted to proceed in fuch an 
unlawful Undertaking ? 

Afavy fuch bold and legal Arguments 
were made ule of, and urged, in the Houfc 
of Lords, before the Faces of King Charles 
the Second, and his Brother the Duke of 
7'ork.y who attended in Perfon, to influence 
and encourage one Side, and intimidjic tlie 
other i and they lb far fucceeded, that, the 
whole Bench of £//hops being on their Side, 
the Lord Treafurer Diwhyami his Party car- 
ried every Qucftion, and the Bill was in a 
fair Way to have PalTcd that Houfe ^ which, 
if it had, it was very probable, it would 
at that time have PalTcd, that Pcnfioned 
Jioufe of Commons. 

D 4 But 



41 Free ^arliamentSy &c. 

that were prepared, and ready, and would, 
in all probability, at that time, have pafled j 
amongrt which, one was, to make fVords 
Treafon, viz. That any Words, faid to 
Difparage the King's Peribn, or his Go- 
vernment, fliould be High Treafon. Which, 
by Conftruftion, would have been extended 
to Difparagcments of the King's Religion, 
as well as his Perfon. 

But Monmouth's Invafion ftiorten'd the 
Seffion, and caufed this and other infidious 
Bills ( which this Parliament were, at firft, 
willing enough to Pafs ) to be laid afide. 

For after the Defeat of Moiimottth, this 
King's Proceedings, towards Arbitrary Power 
and Popery, were fo dangerous and impe- 
tuous, that his own pack'd Parliament 
recoii'd, and became refractory. After 
which, the Difficulty, which this King 
found, in executing his new Power over 
Elettions, was, That he could not find a 
fufficient Number of Gentlemen to nomi- 
nate, who wou'd be Dependant, and fub- 
mit to pafs fuch Laws as he devifed and 
didated ; altho' this King added to his 
other Meafures, that of Clofetting, and did 
himfelf propofe the ulual fecret Means to 
byals 'em ; but he found 'em fuperiour to 
his Temptations. 

Jt 



] 



Free 'ParJiamentSj 8cc, 4^ 

jf// which unluccefsful Proceedings this 
King was lb enraged, that he took fome 
defperate Reiblutions ; But thole cou'd 
never be difcover'd, otherwife than what 
could be coUeiied, from his giving out. 
That He would Garry his Jl^omt. Which 
every One knew he could not now do, 
without ufing his own, and, probably, 
French Troops, to force either the Elec- 
tions, or the Houft of Commons, when 
eledcd. 

£ai tbefe open Proceedings were made 
an Article, to prove, That King James 
had endeavour'd to fubveit the Laws and 
Liberties of Efiglaud^ by violating Free 
Eledions of Members to ferve in Pariia- 



The grand f-loktion of Free Parliaments, 
which happened in the Reign of Queen 
_/^«oe, was of a different Nature from any 
that was ever before openly or avowedly at- 
tempted \ in regard that Violation was excr- 
cifed on the Second EJiate^ or Houfe of Lords, 
and not readily apprehended by common 
Underftandings : Becaufc the Elections of 
the Lords, were, by a fundamental Article 
of our Conftitution, vefted in the Crown : 
For the Lords receive their Eleftions from 
the Crown ; but their Authority, asTruftccs 
for 



\ 



J 



44 F^^^ 'Parliaments^ Sec. 
for the Nation, from the Conftitution. 1 
This Violation was therefore the more 
danp:erous, becaufe it commenced a Pre- 
cedent to Influence and Alter the Second 
Negative. 

This yiohttion ccnter'd in the Qiieen's 
Menacing the Electoral Prince oi Hanover 
( whom Ihe herlelf had created Duke of 
Cambridge ) to oppofe him with all her 
Power, if he prefumed (as a Peer) to 
come into her Dominions, and take his Seat 
in Parliament. 

But the Way to that Violation was opened, 
by the extraordinary Exercife of the Royal 
Prerogative, in two Particulars ■ viz. ly?, in 
the Election and Creation of Lords ; and, 
idly., in making Peace. 

To lUuprate therefore the Violation above- 
mentioned, it will be neceffkry to ftep back 
and take a View of that State and Condition, 
into which, the then Minifters Conduft had 
brought the Nation ^ and of that evil Cafe, 
out of which they could not extricate them- 
felves, without attempting to violate Free 
Parliaments. 

^uJ that State of the Niitw/i ivas thus .■ 
7h€ Power of Fnvice had, in the fingle 
Reign of Z.fw/j' the Fourteenth, grown up 



bJ 



J 



Free 'ParliamentSj &c. 4.5 

to a Height that terrified all Erm'p, and 
had been increafed by clandcftine Leagues 
-;with Englaud. 

7ke Fremh King^ partly by his Wars, 
and partly by the Treaties of the Pyrenees^ 
ji'tx la Chapelkj Nimegtien^ and Ryjhkk^ 
which he had, in effect, impoftd, had ac- 
quired large Dominions, and numerous for- , 
tificd Towns, in Flanders^ Luxembttrgh^ J 
Burgundy^ and Mjatia^ and alio Strasburg^A 
Brijac^ £Cc. and on the Rhine : And hfd 
breaking the treaty of Partition , he had 1 
placed his Grandfon on the Throne of \ 
Spam ; by which Means, he had got under ' 
his Direftion, not only Spain.^ and the 
Wejl-Ifidies (where was the Fountain of 
Treafurc, and confequcntly of Trade and 
Commerce ) but alio Naples, Milan, Sicily, 
and Sardinia, and, above all, Flanders, by 
which, he became Mailer of the Frontiers 
of Holland ; and, as an Addition to this 
immenfe Power, the two Eledors (of^rf- 
varia and Cologrj ) and alfo the Duke of 
Savoy, had cnter'd into his Friendihip and 
Alliance : All which made, that Lewis the 
Fourteenth was at that time, in his higheft 
Exaltation, Grandeur, and Power ; and in 
this Exaltation, he caulcd the Pretender to 
be openly acknowledged and treated as 

IKing of England, which was, in effed, to 
declare openly and avowedly that he dif- 
'., owned 




46 Free ^ar/ia?nents, Sec. 

"owned King ffilUatrij and his Succeflcrfl 
Queen j^Ntje^ and that he refolv'd ( if hel 
could ) to dethrone Him firft, and Her | 
afterwards. 

/» tbeje d'tfnial CircHmftances a Treaty 
was commenced between Etiglandy the 

^^tates General^ and the Emjteror, for their 
Common Defence and Safety, and to pre- 
serve each One's Independency ; at the 

rCommenccment whereof, it was laid down , 

las a Principle, That Efig/afid (ing}y , or the 
pfafes General fingly, or the Emperor fingly, 

t fcould not contend with the Purfe and Power 
of France and Spain : And that it was a Maxim 
of State, That when many feparate States, 
do, with much Difadvantage, contend againft 
one, that is equal to them all, and where 
the Help and AfTiftance of each Confede- 
rate State is neceffary 5 there, any one of the 
Sociates, may firft treat feparately, and make 
his own Peace, and then join with the Enemy 
to force the reft, and enflave Himfelf, as 
well as Them : And therefore a /lr0 Umon 
of Councils and Forces was all that the 

, Parties had to depend on ; for which End, 
th gnatejl Cure was takeri to retrain and 
provide, that no oiie of the Sodates fhould 

frf} treat with the Enemy feparately^ with- 
out prcvioujly confidtiiig the refi j after the 
following manner, -vis. 



I. That 



I 



Free 'Parliaments^ Sec. 47 

I. That Satisfaftion ftiould be procured 
to the Emperor, for his Pretenfions upon 
Spain ; ( meaning, that Spain ftiould be 
recovered &om the Houfe oi Bourbon). 

3. That Security ftiould be given for 
England and Holland^ in relation to their , 
Trade and Commerce ; and that each Party j 
fliould join and exert all his Power to exe- 
cute what was then agreed on ; (/. e. That 
they ftiould not difunite, feparatc, or defert 
the one from the other ). 

3. That they ftiould endeavour to con- 
quer the Spanijh 'Netherlands^ for a Barrier 
to fecure the Dutch Dominions. 

4. That they ftiould endeavour to con- 
quer Milan, Naples, Sicily, and the Spanijh 
Places on the Coafl: of T'tifcany^ for the 
Emperor and Empire. 

5. That England and the Dutch ftiould 
for ever enjoy fuch Places in the pyeji- 
Indies, as they could take from the Spa' 

, niards. 



I 



6. Neiitri Partium fas Jit, de Pace cum 

Hofle 1'radare, Nifi Conjmi^im & Comnm- 

nicalis Con^Uis, k:c. In Englijh thus ; 

That it ftiall not be lawful for any one of 

the 



I 



48 Free Parliaments, Sec. 
the [Contrading] Parties to Treat with ^ 
the Common Enemy concerning Peace, , 
(except Jointly, and firft imparling to 
each other all the Terms of the intended 
Negotiation ). 

Nbfe the great Care and Caution of this 
Article : For it is not faid, in this Article, 
That neither of the Parties ibould Camiude 
a Peace with the Enemy j but, That neither 
of them ftiould "treat with the Enemy j 
( i. e. That no one of them ihould nuke 
one Step or Preliminary towards Peace, 
without £rji Imparting to the reft, and 
Confulting with them the whole Defign ) : 
For this was thcMafter-Branch of all [he En- 
gagements on which, each Party placed their 
Confidence, and was a Reftriftjon, impofed 
by joint-Confcnt, on the Prerogative of each 
Potentate. And yet this Article was the 
eajieji of them all to be performed ; becaufc 
no Accident or Difficulty could bring any 
one of the Parties under a Neccffity to depart 
from it ; becaule it was the caficft thing 
in the World, firft to impart the Defign 
to, and confult, with the reft. 

7. That no one of the Contracting Par- 
ties Ihould Conclude a Peace with the Enemy, 
before they had procured the following 
Preliminaries, viz. 

I. Satis- 



F^ee 'ParliarhentSy &c. 4j| 

I. SathfaBion to the Emferor^ for his 
Kctcnfions on Spahu 

a. Security for the Dominions, and for 
the Trade of the Englifh and Dutch. 

3. Security that the Crowns or Kingdoms 
of France and Spain Ihould never be United 
xinder or upon the lame Prince, ( meaning, 
by the Word ^Pri/ice, the Family of Bour- 
bon ) : For no Prince cou'd ever pretend 
to the Kingdom of France, but fome Prince 
of that Houfe, or elfe this Article meant 
nothing. 

4. That the French Ihould never Trade 
to the Span's^ fVeJi-lndies. 

From the Frame of this Alliance, it I'l 
abundantly clear. That the ch'iej Inducement 
to begin the War, was, to recover SfaiH 
and the Weji-Indtes from every Branch of 
the Houfe oi Bourbon. For the two King- 
doms, might be united, and were now 
united, under, and governed by, the Cour- 
cils of one Family : And moreover, that 
(he Bourbon Family, might be reduced 
to one Branch, or Prince ^ and in that 
Cafe, both the Kingdoms would be uni- 
ted, under one Prince of the Houfe of 
Bourbon. 

E fhe 



> pAree 'Parliaments, &c. 

f&e ^leen alfo, at her Acceffion, didjfl 
as Reprelentaiive of the Nation, ratify this 1 
grand Engagement, and give and engage ] 
the National Faith to perform it ; and par— 
ticularly, to perform and obferve that prhi~ J 
cifal Branch, whereby ftie engaged, never i 
tp treat with the Enemy feparately, without 
[ firft imparting her Defign, and the Terms of 
;, to the reft of the AUies, and Confulting 
;ibcm thereupon. 

ns Alliance obtained the Name, of 
the Grand Alliance ; bccaufe many other 
Prinees and States came in, to be equal 
5 parties. j 

^his 7reaty was therefore an Aflbciatjon, " 
I and a Publick Trull, which the Contracting 
I parties agreed to make, the Fund or Common 
Stock of Power, into which, each Party, _ 
i to deliver and join his Forces, in Fel-, J 
jlowfliip. /■ 

In this Confederacy^ the Boundaries were 
tilxed, over which, none of the Contrading 
T^Parties, fhould make one Step fingly, towards 
_ Treating, w.ith the Enemy, without firft im- 
L parting,his intended Negotiation to the reft. 
I And therefore the Contrafting Parties, placed 
t in this Engagement, a Sovereignty^ over them 
All, from which no one of them, fiiould 
depart j 

• ' - 



Pree 'Parliamenis, &c. ^\ 

ideparf j and a Reftridion, That no on* 
Pbtentate ihould uie, or pretend to ufe, 
bis Prerogative, to depart from fuch hia 
folemn Engagement, with the reft. 

Upon this Foundation it was, that th* 
Emperor and the States General^ trufting 
and depending on Queen Anne's Perform* ! 
ance, of her Part of the Engagement, and 
particularly on her ftrid: Juftice, to perforni j 
itit principal Branch of them, raifed Forces, j 
joined as Soclates with the E>'gli/hi and 
hazarded their People and Countriesj 1 
in the Event, of a dangerous and bloody 1 
War, in which Holland once, and, aftcf I 
that, the Emperor, fell into the utmoft I 
Danger. 

It is in this Place to be remember'd^ 1 
That altho' there is in the World fuch « , 
Law, as the Law of Nations ; yet that Law i 
hath not provided any Remedy, to reftrairt 
Sovereign and Independant Potentates, fronl 
ufing their Prerogative to depart from, an<f j 
breaking their Engagements • except Pub* ' 
lick Faith, and Publick Tnift, /. e. that 
Zaw of Nature^ implanted in Cvery Man's 
Mind, that reftrains him from doing that 
Thing, to another Man, or Nation, that he 
would not be wiUing,ihat other Man Ihould' J 
do to Himfclf, or to his Nation. 



E * But 



k 



I^i F^ee ^arltaments, &c. 



But before any Thing could be put iil 
Kxecution, King f^f'V/hm, who formed thi: 
cautious and wile Confederacy, died. And 
tho' Qyiccn j^/ifse found hcrfelf in Pcffeffloii 
of a Nation iiniverfajly appiehenfive, that 
they and tlieir Sociates, fhoiild never be 
able, to contend with the Purfe and Power 
of France and Spain j yet ftie found Her- 
Iclf alfo in Poffeflion, of fuch Men for Mi- 
nifters, (and amongft them, Lord Godolph'tHy 
and others) who excelled in Politicks, and 
of fuch a Man {DuYt of Marlborough ) for 
a Captain-General, as iiarpafled in Military 
Vertue, and whom France could not equal ; 
and being (iipported with fuch Servants, 
and with a vigorous, and wile, and Free 
Parlitiracnt, flic folcmnly entrcd into the 
Grand Engagement, in Execution of her 
Part; And in Gonjundion with her Sociates, 
ilie, magnanimoully and couragiouily, 
■ftepp'd forth, and declared Defiance and 
War, agatnft that formidable Enemy, who 
had prcfumptuoufly declared, he would 
( if he could ) dethrone her ; and, io him, 
againft that fiftitious King, whom Frame 
had encouraged to claim her Crown. 

7'he ff^ar commenced in 1702, upon the 

Foot of united Councils and Forces, and 

continued with unparallel'd Efforts for ntnc 

icars ; and in tlie very firft Campaign, 

Fnifice 



1 



J 



France fenfibly found, fhe had now to deal 
frith a Condu^ and Courage, (he had never 
before grappled with : For the French Army 
could effect no more, than to ftand by and 
fee the Duke of Malborongh^ at the Head of | 
the Confederate Armies, fave Nimegueji, and 
wreft Keyferzvart^ Kenlo, Ruremoud, Ste- 
venjwarth and Liege out of their Hands, in 
one Campaign ; which gave France a Spe- 
cimen, of what they were to expecl, from 
a General at the Head of fuch an Army, 

.. and fupported by fuch a Free Parliament, in I 

^Rhe fucceeding Campaigns. 



Jilt 

kie; 



// is material^ ]\x^ to mention the glorious 

Victories of Dona-jjert, Schetlenherg and , 
Blevhe'i mm Germany^ and thoico^ Rameilles^ 
Oudenard and T'iWkirs j and the famous ] 
lieges and forcing the ftrong Towns of j 
" Irff/ff, Lijkj 'foiirmiy, Tfrcs, Mons^ Doiniy, 
JBotich.-iiny 2tc. in F/:!f'dfrs, whereby tha i 
Enemy's Armies, which, by the Defedion i 
of the Eleftor of Savar/a, had been invited 
and led into the Heart of the Empire, were 
beaten and driven out of it, and their other 
Armies Were pufti'd back, from the Frontiers 
^fHollaniL 



After which, the Victorious Ahrlhoroag^ ^, ^ 
meditated the Way to pierce into the Heart 
of Fnince : His firft Refolution was, to enter 
Jhorow the wcakcft Side; viz. by tlic War 



^ i 



of 



54 ^^^^ Parliaments J Sec. 
of the Moffhlk^ Lorrain^ &c. on the Side of 
Germany : But the Attempt proved imprac- 
ticable, for two Rcafons ; firft, by the Back-, 
wardnefs and lU-wiU, of the Imperial Gene-, 
ral Prince Lewis of Badev^ and by the 
Slowncfs of the Gfrwijs Troops; fecondly, 
iecaufe the great Diftance of that Rout, from 
the Dutch Frontiers, g^ve the Enemy the 
Advantage, to make Imprefiions on the Stde 
oi Holland, and to convey, into the People 
of that Country, Fear and Confternation : 
^\nd thereupon Marlborough laid afide that 
Attempt, and refolved to attack, and did 
attack the Enemy, at his Horns, and full' d 
them out of his Forehead^ to enter France^ and 
to march up io1?aris, the fiiorteft Way; for 
■which End, he oftentimes Beat the French, 
Army, in many general Battles, and took. 
Lihe Towns before-mentioned in Flanders, 
nnd had little more to do, but to march up' 
»|;to ^arisy for the Enemy was reduced to a 
• -Truckling hiferiority, and fo wounded and 
bumbled, that he was forced to fubmit, and 
did (by his Miniftcr Torcy) fubmit, to fuch 
Terms of Peace, as the Confederates, ac-r 
cording to the Terms of the Grand Alliance, 
demanded and prefcribed. 

_ . Thefe Succeffes proved this Truth to be 

p^nvincible ; that as a (Jric^ Union with the 

i^Con federates, did raife thisNation to zSiipf- 

P'jrity^ fo a Difimon would fink it into an 

hiferiorityy 



I Free ^ariiaments, Sec. 5^ I 

•JtiferiorJfjf, becaufc each Confederate jf/z^^/t* 
was Inferior ; but all joined together, were 
J&und to hsSaperhr^ to the common Enemy. 
And here Notice muft be taken, that 
G&\trsk\ Stanhope did on the tenth of y«w, 
1707, take Advantage of the favourable 
Juncture, and concluded a Treaty of Com- 
merce with Charles King of Spam (now 
JEmpcror) ; whereby Britain^ m Confidcra- 
tion of the Affiftance, given to that King, 
to recover Spain and the Indies^ from the 
Houfe oi Bourbotiy was to have Settlements 
and a Commerce in the Weft-Indies^ much 
like, what they have in the Eaft-Iiuiies, for 
ever excluding the French ; by which the J 
Expences of the War, would have been fooH.! 
leimburied. >■ 

But at this Period wc muft Jlop in Ctf»*I 
ftifiony and deal in Speculations, to find out • 
why, and for what Rcafons, it came to pafs, •' 
that the Ea^/i/X" People, came to be furfeited ' 
with P^i6icry^ and to naufeate the Means 
they had in their Hands i firft, to reduce that 
Power, they had for a long Time dreaded j 
and next, to gain and fcciirc to thcmfclvea J 
as much of the 'frade and Commerce in the I 
freft- Indies, as they defired : And on th©J 
other hand, to entertain fuch an inte>ife jfp^ 
feBion for the Common Enemy, as to acwfti 
» fount all fuch Men Enemies to the Qiieen, 
^L E 4 and 



5 6 Pfee ^aritaments, &c. 

to their Country, as delighted in Viftorict 
over him. 



Thefe Queftions are hard to be anfwered 
but notwithftanding the DiiBculty, I think 
it not impoffible to give Ibme tolerable Ac- 
count : But before 1 enter upon that Matter, 
I would offer fome Reafons, why the State 
of the N~ithi>, into which the Minifters of 
the late Queen, brought and left it, is re- 
prefented (contrary to my Inclination) in 
Hich a murmuring Method, as will herein 
after appear. My Reafons are thefe : 

The Conftitution may be call'd in, for 
my Juftification : Forafmuch as when every 
Parliament is opened, our Kings (by the 
Speeches which their Minifters advjfeand pre- 
pare for them) do ufually open to the Par- 
liament, thcCauJh of their being affembled. 

The Addreffes of the Lords and Com- 
mons, are the Peoples Speeches to the King ; 
and becaufe 'Treaties for War and Peace, are 
rnaterial Parts of Government, they are 
Ukewife publifhed to the People, for their 
Satisfaction. 

All thefe Speeches, Addreffes, and Na- 
tional Treaties, and even Memorials of Con- 
federate Potentates, delivered to our Mini-' 
flcra, may be reicmblett to jiQcaunts of. 
Governmeutj 



1 



* 



Free 'TafUamenls^ 8cc. 57 

Covemment^ becaufe they are printed and 

publifhed, for every Man's Perufal and 
iContideracion. J 

Wc know that every Man is bound to I 
fight for his Country, and iis Trade ; or I 
clfe to give part of his Subftance, to pay I 
and maintain, "Thofe that do fight : And 1 
therefore every Man is interefted, in the I 
Superior Power of his Conntry, becaufe Sa~ I 
ferlority is attended with Riches and Glory ^ I 
and he muft be equally afflided, at its h{fe~ I 
riorify, becaufe a weak Condition, is attended l 
with LofTes and Contempt ; Now fince I 
Royal Speeches, Parliamentary AddrelTes, ■ 
and National Treaties, and the Memorials 
of Confederate Potentates, are to be laid, as 
Books of jiccQunt of Government, before the 
People, then every Man has a Privilege, to '1 
marihal thofe Accotints^ and to place thent I 
under proper Heads- viz. The Items oftho. J 
Minifters good Condn£}, on the Cr dit Side; I 
and the Items of their Hi Canduiiy on the*! 
Debit Side ; and then caft them up, anct J 
fee on which Side, the Balance will ba 1 
found, and whether the common Stock of I 
Power and Reputation, ftands increafcd off I 
decreafed. I 

This PriviUge gives a Right to reprcfenty | 
the Grand Tranfadions of any Nation, fop .J 
Uic Inftrudions of thofe that come after, or 
\ clfc 



5 8 free 'PariiamentSj &c. 
f dfe all Hijiory muft ftand condemn'd : Fo* 
I ;ivhich Caufe, this Right to make Obferva- 
ytions on Accounts^ may fcrve as a Reafon, 

for what is after written. 



And therefore it muft be rcmember'd, 
That Prince George oi Denmark dy'd en the 
2.8th of O^oJer, 1708; and that he, during 
his Life, had kept the Qncen fteady in the 
ItJtet-eJlofKngla.ad, and fincere in the Per- 
formance of the National Engagements : But 
after his Death, if we may judge of Caufes 
by their Effeds, or of a Tree by its Kmits, 
wemayconctudcj that the Enemies Friends, 
■ gain'd Accels to, and pofleffed her (the Good 
Queen) with Untrue, and Erroneous ClCCf* 
fee of Prerogative ; vis. That her Prero- 
gative to make Peace, and War, was Un- 
doubted and Unbounded ; That in thoie 
Cafes, ihe might depart from Engagements^ 
if Power were at hand, to execute what 
ihould be agreed. Thefe Friends of the 
Enemy, alfb poflefled the Good Qticen with 
Evil Notions of her beft Servants, and en- 
deavoured to form in her Majcfty's Mind, 
a Thirft: after Power to model the Succcl- 
£on : And for this End they labour'd to 
infinuate an Opinion, That the Efforts to 
heat do'um the French Power, and to wrcft 
Spain and the iVe ft- Indies from the Houfi of 
Bourbon, would raife other Potentates, tO' 
crofs Ibmc new Intentions. 

Th. 



^ 



J 



r 



Free Parliaments, Sec. 59 



k 



The Soil, in which thefe Tares were 
ibwn, being prodndive, the Good Queen i 
was bended, to give into thofe Sentiments, 
and was by them induced, to layafide thofe j 
Meafiires, which had produced Effe£ls, glo- 
rious and profperous, and to fufFer othen 
to be taken, that led to their Contraries : 
But no Man can think of, or contemplate^ | 
without Aftoniftiment, the Sce/se of Iricot»- j 
j^Jiences that enfiied. 

In this Place it is to be obierv'd, that \ 
there was in Enghfid, One Gentleman, qua- 1 
lifted (almoft to a Miracle) to bring ta ] 
pals thefe Undertakings ■. He wasdefcended ] 
of an Ancient, and Honourable Family j j 
he had quick Parts, good Reading, and an 1 
afpiring Genius ; he had gain'd an extenfive 
Intereft, by his plain familiar Behaviour, 
Flexibility and unafFeiSed Dexterity : But 
the grand Ability he had acquired, was aa 1 
Art to deal In Obfcurity, and fpeak and J 
write in fuch plaufible, but inconclufiv* | 
Terms, that the Reader might from them, j 
infer and believe, with Pleafure, his own { 
Viflies, and yet be difappointcd. 

This was the accomplifti'd Statefman, 
•iwho had the incomparable Faculty, ^wt to 
bji' great Things, hnt to tindo : He therefore 
• engaged, that if the Queen would delegate 
into 



J 66 Free 'Parliaments, See. 
into his Hands her Regal Power, he would 
compals all, She defircd or aimed at j and 
"^he comply'd, and committed the whole 
Power to hisCondud; And now by the 
Names, Manager, Prime Minifter and Ca- 
fcal, this Perfon, and hisAffiftants are to be 
■Jdiftinguiflied. 
: 



There was, at this time, no Perlbn in the 
World, lb fit and proper for the Manager's 
Purpofes, as Count Tallard a. Prlfoner of 
State, taken and led by Duke Marlborough 
into, and kept in the Heart of England (at 
Nottingham), and his Agent the SleurGual- 
tier, a French Prieft in London, thro' whole 
Hands pafled, all Tallard's Letters, to and 
from France. This conceakd .Manager, by 
the Means and AlTiftance of the Count and 
■the PriefV, did, in a fliort time, after the 
Prince's Death, and in Breach of the ^ra?;r/ 
Branch of the National Engagements, ^rmt 
with the F.ncmy Jeparatefy, and made with 
him a Secret (but Fatal) Agreement'., which, 
if Caufes are to be known by their Effects, 
confifted (as appeared by the Sequel) of 
four particular Msafures, (as they were 
called) to this Effect : 

I. I'h^t the Prize contended for, viz. 
Spain and the TVeJi- Indies, fliould remain to 
theHoufe of Bourbon. The Iniquity where- 
of appcar'd the more Ihocking, becaufe it 
imported 



J 



r Free Parliaments, &c. 6t 

Imported aConfpiracy to difpoffefs, our own 
Ally, Charles of Jtiftrta King of Spam, as 
well as from our own Danger, accruing from 
fuch an Increafe of Power, in the Houfe of 
£ourbon. 



P 



1. T'hat a D'tfunton of the Briti/hForceSf 
from the Confederates, ihould be the only 
MeafiSy to prevent the Recovering Spain and' 
the Jtidicsy from the Houfe of £«r^o« ; ancl j 
that for that End, the Unparalktd Marlbo-^ 1 
fcugh^ and theother Sagacious and Inflcxiblft:'l 
Minifters, ftiould be difplac'd ; but the Dtf^ T 
tm'ton itfelf was, for the preiirnt, to be kepC 
inviolably fccret, and, if Occafion required, 
denied. 

3. That in Return for thefe unexampled 
Advantages, the Enemy ihould do fomc 1 
grand Service, for the Britijh Mlnifters,' 1 
which Ihould be 2.Coupd'Eclat, that could* 
not be executed, without Power at Hand to 1 
cffeft it j but the Secrecy ofic was to be- 
kept inviolably. 

But tho' that Effort was brought to the* J 
Point of Execution, it failed, and fo hath * 
not as yet been fully deteded ; However, j 
V Sitbjiuficey may be colleded from Circam^' 
^a/ices, there is Reafon to believe, that th^ ] 
Coup d' Eclat was, that the Enemy ihould^' 
Jurniflx a Spunge to wipe out the Publick 
Debts, 



6% Free 'Parliaments, &c. 
Debts, and yet continue on the Funds, as A 
Jievenue J to render Free Parliaments ulelefs ; 
tor it may be remembred, how the Landed 
''.nterefl was, in thofc Times cried up, and 
ht Many' d Inters jl decried; Which jnferr'd, 
that the mony'd People might, for their 
Jteadinefs, to advance Money to carry on 
fuch a War, and luch Victories, be treated 
as Offenders ; and that, by a Spange, a pro- 
|>er Chaftizement might, without offending 
the Landed Intereft, be inflicted ; for the 
Kotion of a Spiifige^ was in thofe Times 
plentifully whiiper'd; and fome fear'd, that 
if it fhould be the Fruit, of a French Af- 
iGilance, it might prove irretrievable. 

It may healfo remembred, that the Enemy, 
by Letters dated in or about Ms-irch^ i7o|, 
I fignificd to all the Neutral Potentates, That 
\hf his Affifting, and Placing the Pretendety 
the Thrones of England and Scotland, 
all his Wilhcs would be int'irely accompViflj' d : 
And who can fay, that the Mritip, and the 
French Wifhes, did not foon after concur 
and confpire, in this, as well as in other 
Proceedings. 

4. 7'hat Jince thefe Tranfaftions, accor* 

; to the then furious Temper of the 

)le, would be (in all Probability) at firft 

Ufliked and condemned, and, perhaps, 

punilhcd J the Manager was to have Time 

for 



I 



Free ^arUamentSy Sec. 6^ 
for l^egotiation ; in which he undertook, to 
■chmge the whole Senfe of the Nation ; and 
to dilann and fubdue, Thofe who ddighted. J 
in ViBory and Trade ; and to arm the con-- .1 
trary Party ; and, for that End, to changt* I 
the Minifters, difTolve the refolute Parlia*. I 
ment, and gain fuch a new one, as would J 
be well inclined, to leave Sfa'iu and the I 
fVeft-Indks, to theHoufe o^ Bourbon ; not-^ I 
■withftanding the Danger of I'uch an U'iion^-% 
and not withftanding the Breach of the/r/a^l 
ci pal Branch of the National Engagements ;l| 
and the Enemy was, in the mean time, X0\ 
aft on the Defenfive, and ward off Duke I 
MarlborougJf^ Pulhes. I 

fVhoevcr coufiders thefe Terms, may ap^.'i 
parently perceive, That ih.^ private Pr%n*A 
cifle^ laid down by the new Contradingji 
Parties, at the Commencement of this fepa*' I 
rate Treaty, was, a Dmjfon of the Con*j4 
federates, in order to leave to the Enemy,' I 
Spaiiiy and the Indies. ., J 

But thejty another Inference, is equally 1 
apparent, viz. That the Enemy was ap- j 
prized, that the Queen was under a folema>,| 
Engagement, not to Treat feparately,withouCi| 
firft Imparting to her Allies, and Confult'-f| 
ing them, about her Intentions. And yc8»| 
this Enemy advifed, and perfwadedtheMi- J 
fc-uiftersj to Treat Icparatcly, in Breach of 
ft that 



^4 ■^*'<^^ 'Parliaments^ Set. 
that Engagement : Which may for ever, btJ*, 
niade ufe of, as a full Eftoppcl to the Fraich 
Court, to find Fault, if any, in Alliance 
with her, ftiould ever do the fame Thing, 
by her, as ftle herfelf advifed, and per- 
fwaded to be done, to her Neighbours. 

I know, that Court will evade that Eftop- 
pel, by faying, The Reafon of that Advice, 
was, to lave themfelvcs, in the laft Danger. 
And it niuft be owned, That whenever that ■ 
Reafon is true, the Excufe will appear 
fubftantial. 

And as to the T^ruth of thefe ParticuhrSj 
they are proved, by the Sequel : For every 
Thing, that was to be done, to fecure Spain 
and the/;jf/;ej, to the Houfe of £ortr ^071, and 
to haftcn the D'ifimoii, for that End, was 
done. And, confequcntly, we may con- 
clude. That every other Thing, that was to 
be done, by the Enemy, to gratify the then 
Miniftry, would be alfo done. 

Bat, by this fccret Agreement, the Wi- 
nifters were brought under this miferablc 
JJi/emma, cither to fubrait to, and purfue 
the Enemies Dircftions j or elk the Enemy 
had Power, by expofing to the other Con- 
federates, the Minifiers fecrct Meafures, to 
make his own Advantage ; which put the 
Minifiers, under the Enemy's Direction ; 
And 



I 



Free Parliaments, &c. 6^* 

And under this Dikmmay the Enemy, with: 
an Air of Sincerity, but under a Scnie of 
his own DifabiHty to ad otherwile, fent his 
Prime Minifter, Torcy^ to the Haguey in 
the Latter-end oi April i/op, to Treat on. 
Preliminaries, and to go with the Allie» | 
Hand in Hand, the whole Length of theirj \ 
Aims, and to agree verbally \ but, at thci j 
laft Pinch, to refufe to tign ; Which I'orcy^ I 
dexterouily performed ; depending on the ] 
fccret Conceflions at London^ to find Mean» I 
to compafs the promifed Difim'wn. {{L 

For the Enemy accounted of the new» I 
iecrct Manager, and his Partizans, as his | 
Property, or as Captives and Inftrumenta 1 
in his Hands, to reftore him to the State I 
of a Conqueror. <i 

The Enemy continually call'd upon the, I 

Manager to procure ( according to his Pro^ J 

mifc ) Marlborough to be d'lfgracedy as thp I 

principal Article on which he depended. I 

^he Manager, on his Part, was not Re- | 
mifs 5 for he, and, by his Inftigation, hisi I 
Emifiaries, firft began to Difparage the J 
Buildings at Bknheim-Houfi ; and rightly J 
judged, That when the Reward bfViftory 
was vilified, ViBory it felf would be dif- 
likcd : And He ( in Imitation of Hajwo 
■fee Carthaginian, who, in the Senate, 
^m F afperfed 






66 Free 'ParUamentSf &.c. 

afpcrfed the Filforious Haimibal) procured^. 
it to be whifper'd, that a Peace with the 
Enemy was neceffary, becauie the Duke of 
Marlborough delighted in Wary and to be in- 
compafled with Legions, and might probably 
make uleof thofc very Forccs,that were raifed 
to rejeng Spain and the fVeJi-Indies from 
tbe Hoiife oi Bourbon, to fcrve for fonie dan- 
] gerous Piirpofes. 

I But the grand Engines, which the Ma- 
f mgcr projeded to cany on his Defigra, 
\ were to revive and maintain thofc Prin- 
I ciples that are iKconfiJieiit with the Eftablifti- 
[jnent of the Succcflion in the Protcftanc 
tine. 

I It 13 therefore admirable »o fee, how 
^ dexteroufly the Manager carry'd on his 
r Scheme, and found for every Purpofe 
r merous Inftruments. His Project, to em-' 
r broil the Nation with Difputes, about the 
Fjuftice of the Revo/atiovy fucceedcd to hia 

Wilhcs ; for he inftruded certain Gcntic- 
[ men to revive and maintain, by Writing 

i»nd Preaching, the Spirit of blind Obedt- 
J^ttice, and to couch it in the Inlharing 
PSkjftdncs ; 

Of Paffive Obedience^ and Non-Re- 
Z-fi^fiticey in all Cafes, without Exception. 

2. The- \ 



J 



[ 



Free ^arliamenti. See, 6^ 



The Notions of Indefeazabk Heredi* . 
Ury Ki^ht. 

Which two Doflrines would prove Bat- 
teries Icvell'd Point-blank at the Revok- 
tiojiy and at all the Stmftuies built upon 
it ; and confequently, againft the .^ueen 
hcrfcif, but that they ihould be fecurc 
againft her taking Offence. 

3. To infinuate, that the Church of 
Enghnd was in Danger, from Men of^ Re- 
volution Principles ; as if thofe Principles 
were incompatible with the Church's In- 
lereft and Conftitutlon. 

The Manager was very well apprizedJ 
that great Numbers of the Laity, and thM 
far greater Number of the Bifhops and 1 
Clergy, had opfojed with all their Power,:] 
the Votes of Abdication^ ami Vacancy of the J 
7'hrone, and were for returning under tha 
Government of a ^opify Sacceffor ; and 1 
therefore he rightly judged, that fome of j 
the Clergy, if he could make them believff 
the Queen was, in Mafquerade, on their Side, 
Would foon raifc a general Combuftiort^^ 
and that would irritate the Minifters of! 
State. And ( as he projeded ) i^o it camtf 
to pafs ; for the Miniftcrs, with too mucix 
"Precipitation, caufed Dr. Sacheverell to be 
F a Itii- 



6i Free 'ParliametitSy 6cc. 
\ Impeached for High Crimes and Mifdcmea- 

nors, for preaching. That that Refiftance, 
Rwhich efFeded the RevolaiioHy was as Black- 
I and Odious as RebellJo;/. 



] 

ckM 



The Do^or was, indeed, Tryed, and 
ICondemned j but io tenderly Puniihed, 
y that his Party look'd upon it, as a Deliver- 
\ ence i becaufe the Impeachment ought to 
I have been for High 'freafon ; forafmuch as 

he preached, That the grand Security of i 
I ■|heGovernmcnt,and the very JPillar,on which J 
i it ftands, is founded on the fteady Belief 
'of the Subjects Obligation to an Ahfoluti 
I md Uiiconditmial Obedience^ to the Supreme 
\ Power, ( meaning, the Power of the King, 
' as Supreme Governor, for we have uo 
' other Supreme Governor) and of the utter 
I Illegality of Refiftance^ for any Reafon, or 
[ for any Pretence of Realbn, whatfoever. 

For this Dodtrine removed all the Boim- 

^«!a^ies in Government, that had been fixed 

I tetween the Qovermr and Governed^ and 

I was the very Trecifon^ for which 'Trejil'tan 

rand Ela)i£ were, in the Reign of King 

I Richard the Second^ Condemned, and Hangd 

[ aC Tyburuy and for which the Do^or ought 

to have been Impeached : And in that 

Cafe, the Remedy would have cured the 

AAalftdy. 

-ju\ ■ But 



\ 



Free 'ParliameiitSy Sec. 6^ 

Sut the Do0or having thus E/cafedy he 
made a Triumphant Progrels through 
feveral Counties, where he was attended 
■with Multitudes, who fpared no Pains, to 
teftify their Belief and Adherence to his 
Doftrines. Which was amazing ; becaufe, 
if what Lord Chief Juftice Fortefcue M-rites, 
is true, viz. That Liberty is by God Him- 
felf ingrafted in Human Nature, and that 
Slavery was introduced by odious Crimes j 
Then what muft we liiy of this Preacher, 
and his Patrons, but that they were the 
Introductors of Slavilh Measures ; and that 
his ProfelyteswereAcccirories ? And there- 
fore this Do£ior could be no Gofpel- 
Preacher. 

Thefe furprizlng Proceedings enabled the 
Manager to give thcKncmj va^ Comjort. But 
as to Difgracing the Great Marlborough^ that 
Effort was too hazardous to be at prelent at- 
tempted. However, this Manager per- 
fwadcd, That, by his Condud, ilifhcicnt 
Power was now acquired, to perform to the 
Enemy his fecret Engagement ; but the 
Parliament mull be firft firw^ftf ; and that 
could not be cffeded, without a Change 
firft made in the Mimjlry : And for that 
End, and to make the firft Step, he framed, 
for the Queen, a Letter, which Her Majefty 
wrote with her own Hand, dated 13th of 
F 3 Jpyil 



1 



7o Free Parliaments, Sec. 

I ^fri/ 171 o, and fcnt it to Lord TrcaTurer 

iGodolphin, then at New Marhit, whereia 

he Queen, with unkind Words, vexed her 

^blc and [nduftrious Minifter, who, with 

^ the utmoft Fidelity and Zeal, had done hi« 

Part, to raife her G/oiy above all her Pre- 

deceffors, and to bring her haughtieft 

Enemy to be her Footftool. 



The Letter was to the EfFeft following^ 
' viz. I 

" I am forry to find you are fo much in 
■ the Spleen, as to think you cannot con- 
Ir** tribute any thing to My Service, but 
I" your good Wifhes : However, I will ftiU 
\ *' hope you will ufe your Endeavours. I 
I ** have refolved to part with the Chamber- 

« /ahi (Duke of Ke/Jt), and hope this 
[ " Change will meet with your Appro- 
f " bation, which, I wifii, I may have 

" in all My Adions. 1 have not yet dc- 
\*^ clared my Intentions, that the Duke of 
\ ** Shrewsbury ftiall fucceed j becaufe I 
I ** wou'd be the firft, that ihould acquaint 
I** you with it," 

■ . i 

No Treatment could carry with it morC' | 

f "Indifference or Wearinefs on one Side, nor ' 

i be better Underftood on the other ; and, 

fsdoubtlefs, the true Meaning of it was, That 

tbcDuJ<.e of ;V/T;/^orcf/^/', then in F/a/iders, 

ihou'd 



\ 



' Free ^nrliamentSy Sec. y\ 

fliou'd immediately have one Copy : Botj 
who was to have another, is not difficult^ 
to imagine. 

In Anjwer^ the Lord Godolphin return'd J 
a Letter, dated i^th oi Apnl 1710, in fuckt] 
becoming and ftrong Expreffions, teftify* 
ing fuch a Firmncis to Her Majcfty's Gloiyy \ 
and the true IntereJ} of his Country, asij 
furpaffed all former Examples j and mayi / 
be, in Jbmc lort, relembled, to what Jo 
iaid to his Mailer David^ in a Cafe □ 
I unlike. The Letter was to this Effed j 

I- ** That, what Her Majefty was plcaied ^ 
** to call Sfken^ was only the true Impulfc 
" and Conviftion of his Mind, That Her 
" Majefty was fufFering Herfelf ?o he guided 
" to Dtr own Ruin and Dtfji ration., as fafi 
" as tt was pvffjbie for them^ to whom fbe 
Jo macb hearkened^ to compajs it. 

" That he was not fo much SurprizedjJ 
^* as Concerned, at the Bringing-in the 
*' Duke of Shrewsbury : For when it was 
" found too difficult to think o'i D'ljjlh'ivg 
** the Parliament, which had, ( in View of 
*' a fpeedy End ) redoubled their Efforts, 
*' to liipport and jinip this ffar, upon 
*• which Her Majefty's Crozvn depeadedy 
" they had the Cunning to contrive this 

Change^ which would put Her Majefty 
F 4 " under 



72 Free Parliaments, &cc. 
I if under a Neceflity to break that Parlia* 
fcifmcnti (meaning, that the prclcnt vi' 
t" gorous Parliament, and fuch a new Mi*i 
r* niftry, were inconfiftent). 

' That this Change^ wou'd make every 

[f** Man, then in Her Majefty's Cabinet, 

f ,** Uneafy, and run from it, as from the 

^ Plague. 

" He defir*d Her Majefty to confider, 
^ how her Allies wouldf think the Wat 
* would be carry'd on, by I'hofe -who had 
' all along ohfiruBed it ; and who would 
' like any 'J^eace the better, the more it 

L^' ihould leave Frame at liberty to imfojt 

7*^* the 'Pretender. 

' That this Change, would make Hol- 
\ -vf* land run into a Separate Peace ; That it 
' would make the Queen loje all her Honour 
' and Reputation \ That it would make 
' the Nation lofe all the Fruit of their vaft 
r^* Expences, and all the Advantage (mean- 
ly" m^ Security, Trade^ and Commerce'^ they 
r*' had fo fair a Profpctl of obtaining. " 

But it is ohfervabky That the Prime 
L-iMiniftcr became at this time fond of the 
J ambiguous Word Meafares ; for it appears 
|i?y the Sequel, that he kept divers Mea- 
' Jutes. 7h? firfi Sort, were Pretence? to 
purfue 



* Free ^arHamentSj Sec. 7^ 

puxiue the National Engagements, and to 
be ufed on all Publick Occafions, and may 
be termed (Jnitiug Meafures : But the latter-^ 
were to be the real { I mean, Difunithig ) y 
Meafures, inconfiftent with thofe Engage- 
ments, and contrary to thofe Pretences, and 
were to be ftriftly concealed, 'till Affairs 
wou'd make it fafe to own them ; and for 
this End, he injurioufly added the Epithet 
(^rtffH's), and caufed them to be called, 
unjuftly, ( the ^een's Meafures ) ; to the 
End, that whatfoever fhould be found dif' 
reputable^ might pafs from him, to Her 
Majefty's Account. 

Sahjiantial^ therefore, was the Reafon, 
why the latter fort of Meafures were fo 
carefully fecrcted : For if the Difilllionj or 
the Defign of it, had taken Air, that is, if 
the Intention to Ruin tlie Allies, and 
Raife the Enemy to be a Diftator, had been 
at firft known, all Men had ftarted back, 
at the Sight of fuch an Abomination, and 
the fatal Separation had, probably, been 
prevented. 

But the Minifter, having obtained the 
immenfe Power and Authority he wanted, ■ 
he proceeded roundly, in changhig the old 
Inflexible and Vidorious Miniflry : His 
■Hrft Step was, on the 14th of yune 1710, 
to difplace Lord Sunderland from being 
I Secretary 



74 P^^^ ¥arliamefas^ 6cc. 

Secretary of State ; and to palliate the 
Diigrace, he cauied a Penfion to be offered. 
Bat that Lord, like an old Romaa^ rcfufed 
it ; faying, If he could not Serve his Country^ 
he would mt Plunder It. But this Step 
was apprehended to be but a Step to come 
ac Godolfh/n, Lord Treafurer, in whoft 
Prefervation the whole Confederacy was 
concerned. 

The Citizens of London feared, That by 
fhangtng the Miniftry, the Power, and 
(with it) the Trade and Commerce of the 
World would be transferred and fixed in 
France ; They therefore made Application 
to the Queen, reprcfcnting thofe Fears. 

To which the Queen gave this Anfwer, 
** That (he had, for fome time before, re- 
" folved to remove the Earl of Sunderland^ 
" for particular Rea/bns of State ; but that 
« (he had not yet determined to make any 
" ether Changes. 

However, the Citizens willingly believed 
the latter Part, and fpread in the City that 
Report J which proved a grofs Difap- 
poiatmcnt. For the Grand Minifter foon 
correQed the Citizens Miftake, by fending 
abroad a Whifper, That not only Lord 
Godolpbin was to be laid afide, but the 
fariiament Dijfohed. 

The 



1 




r 



I 



Free Parliaments, 6cc. 75 



The Emperor and the States General^ 
who had trufted their Powers in FellowQiip 
with the Queen, reprefented to Her Majefty, 
in the moft reJpeftful Terms, the bad In- 
fluence the changing her fucceisful Miniilry, 
would have on Affairs, Abroad. 

To which the Prime Minifter, endear 
Touring to conceal his Scheme for a Dif^ 
un'sati^ prepared for Her Majefty, and ad- 
vifed her to give, and ftie (as it is printed ) 
did give to the Imperial Minifter this An- 
fwer, '* That whatever Chatigej She de- 
*' fign'd to make. She had rejbhed to Cun- 
" tinae the Duke of Marlborough in his 
" Employments ; and defired that Prince 
" Eugene^ and the other Imperial Generals 
" and Plenipotentiaries, might afi with 
" him in ajiri0 Urmxi, and with the fame 
" Confidence, as ever. " 

But to the Dutch Minifter, She gave 
( as it is printed ) an Imperious Anfwer j 
thus : / am furprized^ a Matter of this 
Kind fboulj come from the States ; // is 
the greateft Infult that was ever offered ta 
the Crc-wn oj England / However^ it Jhall 
fiot lefTen My Efteem of My yJHiesj nor alter 
My Refbhtion in My Own jlffairs.^ ( /. f. not 
flop the Changes). 



7 6 Free 'ParlianientSy Si.c. 

Soon after, the Minifter doubled his 
Steps, and, on the pth of Jugup 1710, 
caufed Lord Godolfhin to be removed from 
being Lord Treafurer ; and, in a few 
Days, a thorow Change to be made in the 
reft of the Miniftry ; and the Parliament 
to be Diffblvedy and the new Eleftlons to 
be carry'd on, with all the extraordinary 
Means that Power and Treafure could 
fumiih ; and, by cxquifite Arts and Amufe- 
ments, a Majority of Gentlemen ( who, as 
the Sequel proved, wou'd aft with Zeal, 
to Countenance every Step, that tended to 
a Dfjmion^ and to leave Spain and the Weji- 
Indies to the Houfe of Bottrhon ) were 
Returned, to ferve in Parliament. 

This was the Enemy's DL%y of Comfort : 
He had, from thenceforth, nothing to fear ; 
for he faw the Power taken out of the 
Hands of his obftinatc Enemies, and placed 
in the Hands of fuch Gentlemen as, he 
knew, were far frotn delighting to Beat 
him, or Wrefting the Prize (^oi Spain and 
the fVefi-lndies') from the Houfe of Bo«r- 
hon : And the Enemy was neither miftaken, 
nor difappointed. 

The Miniftry advifed and framed a 

Speech^ which the Queen delivered from 

the I'hrone on the 27th of November 1710, 

.wherein 



I 



' Free 'Parliaments^ Sec. yy 

wherein Her Majefty expreffed Hericlf in 
general Words ; viz. 

\ - 1 doubt not hut to find Juth RetartiJ 
* Xhty^ as will add new Life to our Friends; '' 
and entirely di/ufpoifit the Hopes of our 
Enemies. 7'he Eyes both of Friends and 
Knemies are upon yon. I'he Way to give 
Spirit to the one, and to defeat the reftkfs 
Malice of the other, ;/, to Proceed infuch 
a Manner, as becomes a Britilh Parliament. 
I am refolved to preferve the Briiiih Conjii- 
tution. I JbiiU Employ none but fuch as 
are heartily for the 'Protefiant SucceJJion in 
the Honfe of Hanover. 

The People apprehended. That this 
Speech meant, by Friends, the Confederates ; 
and by Enemies^ the French : But they 
mifunderftood it ; for the Words Reftlefs 
Malice, were not proper to be applied to 
the French King ; becaufe he was a known, 
and open, and a reftlefs Enemy : The 
Speech therefore meant other Friends, and 
other Enemies, than the People appre- 
hended. 

The Meaning of this Speech was pretty, 
well underftood in the Honfe of Lords, 
where the Motion, To give I'hunks to the 
Duke of Marlborough, for his Vidonous 
Campaign of 171 o, was oppolcd, and 
dropt. 




78 Free 'ParhamentSj 8cc. 

dropt. But the Duke's Delight in fO^ory^ 
and his Zeal for the Common Caufe, and 
to win the Prize from the Enemy, made. 
That he Overlook'd and Defpifed the Af- 
fronts put on him, and on his Dutchefi, 
and other Friends, and hiuder'd him Not 
to aft the Patriot^ who facrifices all to the 
Publick Good ; and therefore he fuppreffed 
his Rcfcntment, without refigning his Com- 
miffiOTi, (as the Minifter expeded). Which 
Complaifant Demeanor fo overcame the 
Queen's Pcrlbnai Good-Nature, that She, 
contrary to alt Expeftation, did forbear, 
at prefcnt, to remove the Duke from the 
Head of the Vidorious Army. Which 
brought the Minifter and the Common 
Enemy under no fmall Perturbation : For 
the Enemy being Mafter oi MH'ttary Af- 
fairs,, was fully convinced-, that the Heroic 
and Unparallel'd Virtue of the General 
(Great Marlboroagh') could not be equaled 
with any other Advantage : but, worft of 
all, That the DtJimoB aim'd at, could not, 
whilft he Commanded, be accomphlhed. 

But fince ordinary Affronts could not 
afFctl the Duke, the Minifter, therefore, to 
quiet the Enemy, engaged to rake up 
Jo mach Calamny,, as would fufficiently not 
only Blaft the Duke, ( and his Friends 
the Dutch,, and the Emperor ) but Gratify 
the Enemy, in Difcovertfig which of his 
Snbje0i 



1 

id ■ 




r 



Free Parliaments, &c. 



StthjtBs had taken the Duke's Money 
Intelligence. 

However, about the Be^nning of 
1711, the Miaifter firft began to difcli 
in dark and ambiguous Terms, the firft 
I Article of the Difumting Scheme, whereby 
Spain and the fi'ep-Itidks were to remaia 
to the Houfe oi Bourboti. And this Dif. 
covery was to be, and was couched, in the 
^drsjfes of both Houfes, in thefe gen( 
»nd ambiguous Words \ viz, 

" That They ( the Party ) would fup- 
" port Her Majefty, in all the Meafures She 
" Ihould judge proper to procure a Peace ; " 
without Uijchfing what the Nature of that 
Peace^ or of thole Meafures^ was j or lay- 
ing one Word about the main Article of 
Spain and the Indiej, or whether the Meafures 
were Uniting or Difuniting Meafures : For 
thofe were Secrets, to be, at prefcnt, indu- 
ilrioufly cover'd. 

"the Difappointment^ of Difplacing Marlbo- 
rough (the Terror o^ France) caufcd the Ene- 
my locaft upfuchycrmii/di^ Z/wtfj in 1711, 
to Hop the Duke's I'rogrefs,as were never be- 
fore erected j inlbmuch that the Gajcoigna- 
ding Frenchmeu gave out, That ViUan 
would not be forced, by Double fuch an 
Army as Ahilborough commanded ; And 
the 



8o Free Parliaments, &c. 

the Dijumting Party at London gave ouC, 

That Nothing would be done that Year. 

But the Finiftied Captain ( Duke Marl- 
boroiigh) fb difguifed his real Intention, 
by providing a vaft Quantity of F'afcines, 
and placing them in View of the Enemy's 
Army ; and by giving out, He intended 
to Force the Lines in that Place ; that he 
skreen'd his real Intention, and in a cer- 
tain Evening put himfelf at the Head of 
his Left Wing, and marching all Night to 
the Left, and abandoning his Fafcincs, he, 
by Five o' Clock next Morning, palTed 
the Lines at a convenient Diftance, with- 
out the Lofs of one Man j and then 
marched up direftly to attack the Enemy 
in Flank. But FilUrs, in great Confterna- 
tion, decamped, and with Precipitation 
fled, and retired behind Camhrny, and fnf- 
fer'd Bouchain to be Befieged and Taken, 
and the Garrifon to be made Prifoners of 
War, under his very Nofe. At this time, 
therefore, the Br'mfJj Hero had little more 
to do, than to march at the Head of the 
Confederate Army, up to 'Paris, and give 
Laws to that potent Monarch who had for 
a long time treated his Neighbours with 
fuch an Indifference ( in relation to his Ads 
of Power ) as fignify'd, he cared not whe- 
ther what he did, pleafed or djfpleafed. 

Tht 



1 

1 



Free 'Parliaments^ Sec. 81 

The Dukc*s Conduft, in Faffing fiich 
Lines, in the Face of the French Army, 
and of fuch a General, as Filhrs pretended 
to be, was applauded by all Europe^ as 
the greateft Inftance of Military Ski//, that 
had been performed in this War, either 
by Marlborough, or by any General, in 
any former War i and therefore this Pro- 
ceeding denuded the French of all Confi- 
dence in their General ; infomuch, that the 
French People did not think themlelves fife 
in their Beds at 'Parh^ fo long as Marlbo- 
roHgh Commanded. The whole Body of 
the French People clamour'd at V)Ucirs, 
as if he were a General unequal, and infuf- 
ficient ; but V'tlkrs, was by the Fiench 
King, who was in the Secret, and knew 
that this Atchicvement was Marlborough'% 
laft Effort, juftified ; for that Villan had 
puriucd his Inftrutiions : And however, at 
this time, the Minilters, if they had had 
any competent Parts of Circnmfpetlion, or 
Wifdom, might, if they had demanded the 
Silver Mines of /'erw to be alTi^ncd, till the 
publick Debts of Britain fliould be paid, 
they might have had them : But, alas ! 
filch Notions or Efforts, were no Part of 
their Qualifications. 

In May^ 1 7 1 1 , the Treaty with the Com* 

mon Enemy feparatcly, being no longer a 

G Myftery, 



S I Ffee 'Parliaments, Qcc. ■ 

Myftcry, tho* the Terms could not be dif- 
covered, Count Galias, the Emperor's Mi- 
pifter, expoftulatcd about it wUh the prime 
Minifter ; who gave him this ftrange An- 
fwer, 77iat he (GaMasi hul no Keafon to bt 
alarm' d^ for the ^tieen would never (ai hs t 
ajffir7a'd) make a Peace derogatory from hes < 



Tet mtwithfianding all the Speeches, Mef- 
fages, Anfwers, and Declarations of the 
Minifters ; and, in Contradiflion to them 
all, and in an avowed Violation of the Na- 
tional Faith, fuch Preliminaries for a Peace, 
figned by Monfieur Mejhager^ were, on the 
13 th ofO^ober 1711, publiihcd, as France 
had imperioufly preicribed, and the Britijh 
Minifters had lecretly fubmitted, and 
agreed to ; and Mi. Secretary St.yohv^ con- 
defcended to be the Inftrument (or Captive) 
in the Enemies Hand, to communicate the 
fvnc to the Contcderate Minifi^rs. 

In thefe Preliminaries, the firfl: Article of 
the Secret Agreement was fct out oblcurely 
and ambiguoufly, {to wit) That the French 
King wou'd confent, bona fide^ to the taking 
all juft and rcafonable Meafures for hin- 
dring, that the Cro-wns of France and Spain 
might ever be United on the Head of the fame 
Prince. Thefe Preliminaries , were fo 
worded, to the End, that the Emperor 
might, 



Free 'Par/iameniSj &c. 8} 

might, (if he pleafed, and as he would be 
inclined to do) fancy, that fome Prince of 
the Houfe of Aufiria was intended for the A 
Crown o( Spain, and yet be difappointed : .1 
Which is a full Proof, that the MinifteJs I 
not only delighted in Dealing, but in thofc I 
who Dealt, in Fallacies. All the reft of the | 
Terms, were conceived, in general, un- I 
certain, and infidious ExprellJons ; but I 
efpccially, that about DitukJrk, is remarfc^B 
able; viz. The ivfw^ King was willing to! 
engage, to Cauft, (meaning that he himfeif • 
would CauCe) the Works at Dunkirk to be "I 
demolifhM, immediately after the Conclu- i 
lion of the Peace, on Condition that, for I 
(he Fortifications of that Place, (but not for J 
the Place iifelf) a proper Equivalent (chat J 
may content him) Ihould be given him. I 

Here the Demolition is to be made, and 1 
perfcded by the Enemy, and by no other, J 
and in fiich manner as an Enemy pleas'd : j 
But firft, he is to be made content with an 1 
Equiyalent, and to be^W^ffof that Equiva*- i 
lent ; and confequcntly, to be his own Carve f^ \ 
and to have the Choice of fuch ^owns, lately ] 
conquer'd, as hefi p/eas'd him, rcftored, as the I 
Equivalent. I 

In the Time of this Ferment, on the 1 
iSth of November 171 1, juft eight Days I 
r before the Opening of the Parliament, jBaron 
f G i £y;'3wer, 



1 



S4 Free 'Parliament s, &c. 

f Bothmer, as Envoy from the Court of //rf»o- 
^■vef, prefented a Memorial, compos'd of the 

)he/i Ldtiguage^ and fottndep Reafoningy of 

any that were made, during this Crifis; 
l(for in it, he handfomely excufed his Ma- 
iifter's forbearing to call the Hiinover Troops 
l-out of Flanders, in Purfuance of her Maje- 
I .fly's Permiflioii ; (apprehending that that 
'; Permiffion meant to draw his Mafter in, to 
, make the firfl Step towards the fatal Dif- 

itnion., and then load him with the Re- 

■proach). 

He modcftly cenfurcd the Preliminaries, 

f ^ubliihed in OSiober, 171 1) for offering no 

I .pofitive Declaration, or real Security ; and, 

at the lame time, commended, and preferr'd 

.the former Preliminaries ; which fo provided 

for bothy that the French Haughtinefs and 

\ Chicanes, could not encounter, or avoid 

them. 



He ptelTcd the Confidcration of this Con- 
fequence, that if a Difiniion happen'd, and 
ii Spain and the fVeft-hdies'^CTe left to any 
Prince of the Houle of Bourbun^ Fnwce 
. would in a fewYears, be fufficiently reinforcM ^ 
by Spa'iity and the Riches of the fVe/l-hdies^ • 
to enjhve Great- Britiihiy as welt as alH 
Europe^ v^hich he urged troni the DiiBcuUy * 
to avoid that Slavery, even at this Time, ' 
when ail their Forces were united. 



I 



Free Parliaments^ Sec. 8y 

7^e Baron propofed, That his Matter 

Siould procure the new Emperor {Charles) 

) enter into new Engagements, touching 

' the Dffpojition of Spain and the Indies^ to 

remove all Surmizes againft placing thofe 

Countries under the Emperor of Germany. 

He very wifely hinted. That the Soutb' , 
fea Trade, now offer'd, would laft no longer,. i 
nor be carry 'd on in any manner, but as i 
France and Spain would pleafe to permit. 

Ife argued. That France and Spain, united ^ 
nder one Family, ought to be confider'd, as 
one Potentate, and that Spain could never 
refume its Independence, and that no Treaty, j 
no Renunciation, could bind France any J 
lore, than the Renunciation at the Pyre- 
wj, the Treaty of Partition, and the ac- 
■knowledging King IViUiam for King of J 
England had bound him. He reminded the 
Queen of the French King's unwearied En- 
deavours, to place his Creature on the < 
Throne of Great Britain, (meaning to De- 
throne the Queen) ; and that his Mailer, 
the Eledor, could not look on thcfe Pro- 
ceedings ivitb Jndi^rtnce. 

yibove all, he argued, That a Oration of \ 
h-ms would be moft fatjl, becaufc it would 
mahle the Indigent, Rshaiiftcd, and Van- 
G 5 quilh'd 



no 



1 



&6 Free Parliaments^ &c. 

.•quifh'd Enemy, to carry the Prize, and to 
■ get out of War, by a Peace, Glorious to 
'l himi Ruinous to the Vidorious Allies, and 

> Deftrudive of the Liberty of Europe^ in 
\ .acquiring Power to give a King to SpaiOf 
jmd to impoie one on Great Britain. 

This was a moft firm, and wife Memo- 
rial, if any Reafon woiiid have been re- 
garded : But who can fay, the Minifters 
did not ufe it to exafperate the Queen, by 
fuggeftiug, that the Memorial fignified, 
That if They, (the Minifters) proceeded 
in their feparate Treaty, to give up Spain 
and the Indies to the Houfe of Boiirhony it 
would fubjed £rif(ii» to the iiiperior Power 
of France, and would deprive the Proteftant 
Succeffbrs, and infer Queen A*nu'% Ab- 
dication ; for Mr. Secretary St. John could 
not forbear having a warm EcIairciJJe- 
ment with Baron Boihmer, for its Publica- 
tion. 



But all was in vain, for the Minifters be- 
ing deaf to all Reafon and Perfuafion, they 
hedor'd the States-General to fend Ple- 
nipotentiaries to the Congrefs at Utrecht, 
and to treat of a peace on the Foot of thofe 
moft pernicious Preliminaries. The Grand 
Minifter at this time, tempted the Earl of 
Kottingbam with Rewards, to Truckle, but 
in vain ; for that Earl was fuperior to all 
Temptations^ 



i 



i 



Free TarUaments, &c. 87 

Temptations, and coutd never be brought 

to approve the Depravity of the intended 

Turning the 1 idc of Viclory by a Ceffution^ .. 

«r a Difaumi from the Confederates, or tiie .1 

gtving up Spain and the B'tfl-Indks to the 

Houfe of Bourbon. j 

j^t the Opening the SeiTions of Parlia- 
ment, on the 7th of December 1711, tho 
Speech from the Throne diiclos'd, whtj J 
were meant in the former Speech of thc.1 
ayth oi November^ i7io> to be the £»«*r| 
itiies^ (i. e ) thofe who delighted in Warj j 
(meaning the Duke of Marlbormzb and hi» j 
Adherents, who pulh'd on thcViftories, to I 
win the Prize of Spain and the Indies frotn ] 
the Houfe of Bourbon) and confequently J 
the Friends mention'd in that Speech muft, i 
be the contrary \ viz. Thofe who delighted I 
in T'tirning the T^ide, by the Difinion of the j 
Confederates, and in giving theEnemy, what 
of all Things he wanted and moft dcfired, 
(/. e. Spain and the fVcp-Indies) \ for the j 
Words are thefc ; 1 am glad I can now tell < 
you, that, notwithfiandiug the Jrts of thoji 
who DEllBl)t ill iSiiiir, buth fime and P/ass 
are apj'oiiitejfor opening a Treaty Jor a Gene- 
ral Peace. 

This Speech, mentioned the Intereft of^ 
the States-General as ivjeparabk from the { 
f Queen's ; but, ^uo j^uimo ? 
K G 4 Imnx- 



88 Free TarliamentSf 6cc. 



Immediately after the Speech, the Queei 

• came back, and fate in the Houfe of Pee: 
: incognito ; where Ihe heard, her T'reati 
' with the Common Enemy Jeparately, 

Veighed againft by the Earl of Nottinghamy 
viz. That the PreHminaries, which the Mi- 
nifters had caufed to be publilhcd, as agreed J 
to, were not only fa/IaeiouSj and dangerous,! 
.but contrary to the principal Branch of thw 
Engagements Great Britain had enter'd into ^ 
Which Engagements (he vehemently urgcA 
from the Principles of Honour and commons 
Honefty, and for our common Safety^ 
ought to be made good. And the Earl con- 
cluded with a Motion, That in order to ex-" 
plain the Queen's Speech, and thofe Preli-'i 
ininaries, this Clauji ought to be added to- 
the Addrefi j viz. 

' That that Houfe was of Opinion, and' il 
accordingly advifed her Majefty, fhat tio 
Peace could be fafe or honcaiabk to Britain, 

• or Europe, ij Spain and the Well-Indies 
trere to he allotted to any Branch of the HoiiJi\ 
^Bourbon. * 

But this Motion of Lord Nottingharnvrza. 
Lvcry much oppos'd ^ and amongft others, 
-by a certain Lord, who affirm'd. That we ■ 
'. inight have enjofd the Biffing of Peaee^ Joan- ■ 
aj I CI- the Battle (^'K-imel\ks,}J the fame had I 
fwt ij 



ril* 



i^ 



I Free ^Parliaments^ &cc. Z^m 

not been put off^ by fome Perjbnsy ivhoje Itp^m 
■Ureji it was to prolong the War. ■ I 

» Thus was the Victorious Hero 7raduc*d\ 
Vftd riUfy'd. I 

» Earl Nottingham's Motion was carry'd- 1 
by fix Votes : And, in Anfwer to the Ad-i 1 
dreffes, the Queen faid to the Lords, 7hia I 
fie fhould be very forty avy one could th'mk^ J 
Jhe would not do her Utmoji to Recover Spa'ta I 
and the W ett-lndies from the Nouje o/Bour- I 
bon. ^iM 

This Anfwer was a full Acknowledgmenti I 
That the Cljief 'SnOUtEment to begin this'l 
War, was, to Recover Spain and the fi'eft-^ I 
Indies from the Houje of Bourbon^ or eifo-'l 
nothing can be an Acknowledgment. -•■ 

And moreover, this Anfwer feems to b<! M 
a full Denial of the Fad j viz. That the * I 
Minifters had Treated Jeparately ; or that -i 
any Treaty had been commenc'd, for Giving I 
up Spain or the Indies to the Enemy : And 1 
therefore, ordinary Men believed, that the 'I 
Queen, by her Speech, and by the Preli- 1 
niinaries which Mr. Secretary St. °fohn had J 
publiihed, did mean^ that ihe Jcnew the Ene- A 
Ipy would confent boaa Hde^ to the parting iM 
Wspain and ^i&e Weft-Indies from ihe Houji \ 
w Bourbon. ' 

f The 



r 



po Free 'Parliaments^ &c. 

The Lords purfued their firft Effort, ai>d 
on the lad of December 1711, Relblved, 
and prefented another Addrels to the Queen, 
advtfing, and praying; her Majefty, to give 
Itifiru^io!2s to her Plenipoteniaries to con- 
cert Meaiures with the Allies, (before 
Opening the Congiefs) to prejerve a flr'iB 
UnioVy and to procure them to be Guarantees 
of the 1?eace in general^ and of the Protejiast 
SucceJJion in particular. 

Thefe two Addrefles diametrically con- 
tradided the Dijumon^ and the Giving up to 
the Enemy, Spain and the Indses : And 
therefore to this Addrefs, the Qiieen gave an 
Anfwcr as diffatisfa£lory as was her former; 
viz. She thought her Speech to both Houfes 
would have given Sutisfaiiion to every Body : 
And her Majefty anlwer'd, That ftie had 
already given fuch luftruciions to her Pleni- 
poteniaries, to piefervc a flriB Umou, as 
that Addrefs defired. 

This Anfwer amounted to a. full Denial 
of this Fact, That any Difunion had been 
treated of, feparatcly. 

I £af the Party among the Commons, 
which delighted in Turning the 7'orrent of 
. f^^ory, by a Difumon^ and in Giving up 
Spain and the Indies to the Houfe of 
Jioiirbon^ being ftrong, it was moved, and 
carry'd 



1 



I 



» 



» 



Free 'Partiamenti, Sec. 91 

carry'd by 1^2 againft 10^, That they, 
by their Addrefs, ftiould affure her Majefty, 
that they would dtfappowt the Arts and De- 
figns of thofe, who might delight in War^ 
(meaning the prcfent Vldories) or might 
vainly entertain Hofes of receiving Advan- 
tage from anp Diistfion among them (the 
Commons). This Addrefs was amazing, 
for that Party in the Houfc of Commons 
could not Jhew tkemjihes better affeihd, or 
more firmly attached to the fcparate Mea- 
fures concerted for a Difiinioft, and for 
Giving up Spain and the Indies to the Enemy, 
than that Addrefs amounted to. 

However^ the two Addrefles of the Lords 
put the Great Miniftcr, and his Cabal, into 
grievous Jgonies^ left the Lords, at their 
next Meeting, (which would be in fo few 
Days, as the fccond of January lyii.) 
ftiould come to more vigoreas RefohitionSy 
and, perhaps, might treat the Authors, for 
their Unjuft Negotiations, as Statc-Male- 
faftors. 

The Prime Aftnifier therefore, in order to 
divert the Parliamentary Proceedings, ad- 
vi/ed the ^ueen to proceed to an extraordi- 
nary Exercffe of her Prerogative ; viz. To 
Eled (and ftie did Elect) twelve Great 
Men, whom that Miniftcr knew, were de- 
voted to his (the Minifter's) Meafnres, and 



^i Free 'Parliaments^ &;c. 

to grant to them the Dignity of Noblemen, 
and to pour them altogether, in one Day, into 
the Houfe of Peers ; And Mr. Secretary 
^/. 5'oj{'« threatned {zs Boyer writes) That if 
thofe twelve were not enough. They (mean- 
ing the Cabal) would have given Them 
(meaning Duke Marlborough, and Thofe 
who delighted in Vidory) another Dozen. 
But whether this Exercife of the Preroga- 
tive was ftri^tiy legal, or not, I will not 
prefumc to fay the leaft Thing in Dilaffir- 



mance. 



But this I may adventure to fay. That 
all the Motions and Arguments to Carry on 
the Vidorious War, and to Recover Spain 
and the Wefl-hdles from the Houfe of 
Bourbon^ and, for that End, to preferve a 
ftri5i Uman among the Confederates, va.- 
nifted, and were never more heard of. 

*the Defcription of this Scene would be 
defeftive, without taking Notice, how the 
Party proceeded in the Houfe of Commons : 
For the Obfequioiifnels of that Party, in 
that Houfe, exceeded the Queen's Speech, 
and gratsfy'd the Common Enemy beyond 
his own Expedlations ; and, above all, 
they were very Officious, to fiiid out, or 
rather, to create Pretences, to Afperfe and 
Difgrace Great Marlborough^ of whom the 
• Enemy 



I Free Parliaments, &c. 95 

B Enemy could not, without Terror, think, 
H or contemplate ; for they knew, that hfel- 
K. ligence was the Handmaid to Vidlory, and 
P that Money was the Wages to that Hand- 
maid : And therefore that Party voted, That, 
that very Money^ which was allowed the 
General (^Mariborvtigk) for gaining hitelH- 
gence^ was Public Money ; and, as fuch, 
ought to be Accounted for j and that a 
Dijcoveiy ought to be required, how, and 
when, and to whom, that Money was ap- 
plied i and accordingly, tl>ey Ordered an 
Informatio)] to be profecuted in the Court 
of Exchequer^ againlt the Duke, to compel 
him to make that Difcovery. As if He, 
for being Victorious, and for endeavouring 
to refcue from the Enemy Spain^ and the 
Riches of the Weft-Indies^ was, for that 
Reafon, a Malefacfor, and an Enemy to the 
Queen, and to his Country. 

This Proceeding, could mean nothing, 
but, firft, to dijcover to the Common 
Enemy, which of his Subjefts had taken 
the Duke's Money for luteUigence ; and 
next, to furnifh the Minifters, with a Pre- 
tence to do that Thing, which he (the 
Enemy ) above all Things, wanted, and 
defircd ; I mean, their procuring Afarl- 
borotigh to be Difgrjced. And accordingly, 
the Qiiccn, being prefent in Council, on 
Sunday the iGi\\ oX Dccembir 1711, it was 
Declared, 



I 



5>4 Ffee ^ariiamentSy &c. 

Declared, and Entred in the Books, " Thlt j 
[." Her Majefty being informed, That aal 
hiformation againft the Duke of Marl- I 
borough was laid before the Houie ofl 
Commons, by the Commlffionen of the | 
Public Accounts ; Her Majefty, there- 1 
" fore, thought iit to Difmijs him from 
" all Employments, that that Matter might 
" take an Impartial Examimt'iofi. " And, 
in Execution of this Order, Her Majefty 
■ ient the Duke a Note, written with her 
f'-vwn Handi whereby Ihe refumed all his 
L Employments. And thus the Vidorious ; 
T 'Jkfarlboroiigh, was (with the Wooden] 
Sword of the Commiffiotiers of Accounts^ \ 
fj^ter all the French Swords had been re- ] 
I* bated ) Dijarmed \ and, with Him, all 
'"'Hopes, of Recovering from the Enemy a 
t ^ain and the Indies^ vaniftied. 

And in this Manner, the Common ■ 
[jEnemy, by one Stroke of Lord Oxforifs 
F Arm, put to Flight that Viciorions Her&^ 
f who had defeated his Armies, and forced 
rhis Towns, and carried into his Countries 
f Fear and Confternation : Eor which Rea- 
pfcns, the Miniftcrs accounted him their 
r.greateft Enemy ; becaufe his obftinate 
\ Delight in ViBory, and his Zeal to Refcuc 
f "from the Enemy Spain and the Indies, cou'd ' 
TJiot othcrwile be overcome. 



It\ 



rFree Parliaments^ Sec. 95 
It would therefore be injurious to Britain^ 
if I (bould omit to fay, what 1 can, of her 
Imentparabh Hero : But I want the Pen of. 
a Phitaicby to compare him with thofii'f 
Admired Captains, Sfkxaader and yalii»$i 
Ctt/ar, and to give him his jiift Preccdencci I 
For if that Rule of War be true, vimi ■ 
That He, that would find the exaft Pat- 
tern of a Great Commander^ muft look 
upon fuch as haveEncountrcd Worthy Cap- 
tains, and thofc better followed than 
Themfelves, and have Over-topt their 
Enemies WelUDifciplin'd and Well- Armed 
Troops. For it is a Work of much greater 
Military Skill, to mafter the Equal Forces 
of One Hardy and Well-Ordered State, 
than to fubdue a Multitude of Servile Na- 
tions ; and therefore fuch Men as have 
done Much againft Enemies of Equal Abi- 
lities, are to be regarded as the mofl Ac- 
^compli|b'd Captains. 
I fay, If that Rule be (rue, Thca 
Great Marlborough hath diicover'd to the 
World, what was never before known : 
For the French Generals, and their Armies, 
had been bred up, for (almoft) an Age, in 
iijccelsful Wars, and, by long Experience, 
and by the Encouragement and Rewards 
of a moft Afpiring and Potent Prince 
{Lewis the Fourteenth), had Improved the 
jirt of M«-, and the Difcipliae of their 
Troops, 



f6 Free 'Parliaments, 8cc, 
Troops, beyond any Nation that ever pr&s 
ceded ; and accordingly, the French had 
niade War, and Contended, with all theii* 
I Neighbouring Potentates, and gained Muchi 

J&om every One of them, and, as an Addi- 

' tion to their Advantages, their Armies were 

j united under the Command of one fingl& 

I Potentate ; whereas, it is obfervable, Duke", 

I Marlborough' & Army was compofcd of Di& 

[ ferent and jarring Nations, whofe Princi-. 

t pals were Indefendant^ and, confequently/- 

*■ their Commands might be (and fometimes'.' 

^ Were) contrad'tSiory. It is obfervable alfo,- 

l*That the Great Roman {G^far)^ to whom 

X^lutarch gives the Precedence, was, in his 

Siege of Dyrachium (where He himfelf 

Commanded ) fo Baffled and Beaten off 

by Pompey, and his Romans, that Ccejar- ■ 

himfelf confefled. That if Pompey had \ 

known how to ufc his Advantage, he had i 

compleated his Vidory, and had, at that 

time, put an End to the War ; ( meaning, 

he had intirely fubdued Cxjar) ; and 

however, in Confequence of that Vidtory, 

Ccefar railed the Siege, and fled towards 

7'hejpily, and was for fome time purfued. 

i 
Whereas the Great Marlborough did, with ti 
difmay'd Troops, engage the French Ar- i 
mies (who were flufh'd with Vi£lory, and 
better, or, at leaft, equally. Armed and 
Dilbiplined, and more Numerous than . 
Himfelf) 



Free 'Parliament s, Sec, 97 

Mimfelf) in many Battles and Sieges, 
and Vanquifti'd them in All ; For Marl- 
borough never Fought a Battle, or Befiegcd 
a Town, or attempted to Raife a Siege, 
but he Won the Battle, Took the Town, 
and Raifed the Siege : Which cannot be 
fiid of Great dejar \ and therefore Great 
Marlborough was, by much, the Greater 
Captain. 

The Ingratitude and Abufe towards tho 
Vidorious Marlborough^ was mixed witlt 
the moft intenle Spight and Knvy j for the 
Minifters endeavoured to f^tlify the //erOf 
by changing the very Means^ he had ( in 
Part ) ufcd, to obtain Vi^ory^ into Criminal 
PraUices : refembling the State of Athens, 
which had Treated their Ten Viilorious 
Captains with the Vilell and moft Abufive 
Returns : 

The Fad whereof was thus ; The Lace- 
demomatiSy having beaten and reduced the 
whole Power of ^thmsy they cooped the 
yithenians up in a narrow Place, called 
Mytekne, and befieged them there, both 
by Land and Sea. Neceffity and Diftrefs, 
therefore, forced the yitheniayn to Man all 
their Ships ; and order'd, that their Annual 
Governors (being Ten in Number) fliould 
iflue out, as their laft Effort, and fut all 
Ijp H\zard, in a Sea-Fight. The Ten 
H Captains 



1 



5»8 Free 'Parliaments, &c. 
Captains failed out of the Haven, and, at i 
Place called jirg%nuf<£^ couragtoufly fough^T 
and at iaft routed the Encmy'sFlcet, killing 
C^eir Admiral CaUscraditas^ and purfuing 
the reft of the Navy to utter Dejira^ion* .. 

Now the Popular State or Senate oM 
Athens^ unwonhily hearkened to certaia 
Wretches, who aecufed the Ten Captains, 
for purja'wg the Enemy, without firft 
taking Care to favc tlie difabled Ships, 
whereby a great Number of the ^theniansy 
who had eiit:er*d on Board, and fought to 
iave their Country, were drown'd. 

And for that Rcafon, that Popular State 
of jithensy forgetting and laying afide all 
Senfe of their late Danger and Dljlrefs^ 
and the Merit of the glorious Viftory and 
Deliverance, feized Six of the Ten Cap- 
tains, ( the other Four efcaping the prefent 
Fury), »nd brought them into Judgment, 
to Anfwer the Accufation. The Six Cap- 
tains made a juft Dclence ; That they had, 
indeed obtained the Vidory, but that the 
' Fight was obftinate and bloody j and that 
when the Enemy was put to Flight, they 
{.the yjtheman Captains) had appointed a 
Squadron to take care of, and fave the 
' Men in the difabled Ships ; and after that, 
) they, in the Heat and Fury of the Engage- 
ment, farfiied the Vidory, and, according 



¥ 



Free Parliaments, See. py 

to Cheir Duty, had utterly deitroycd fuch 

Part of the Enemy's Power as was Ma- 
ritime. 



By which Efforts, the y4themans Dread 
and Fear was extinguifh'd. And as to the 
Squadron appointed to take Care of the 
Broken Ships ; That a Storm had arifen in 
the latter End of the Fight, which had 
prevented its Performance j and^ conle- , 
quently, that the Lofs came, not by any 
Fault in the Ten Captains, but by a Mi/^ 
fortune that was unavoidable. 

But the Rage, of the Envious and Sordid 
Part of the Athenians^ rejefted the Jujiice 
of the Defence, and moft unjuilly Cort-» 
demned the Six Vidorious Captains, as vil« ' 
Malefaftors, and put 'em to Death. And 
yet, when the Horror of thh Ingratitude 
came afterwards to ftare 'em in the Face, 
they became Alhamed, and Reverfed the 
Judgment, and Condemned and Executed 
the vile Accufers. 

The Difference between the Brlt'ijh /c- 
gratitudtj and that of the y^themanSy con- 
fifted in this j 

That the Envy and Spight of the Brltifh 
Party, did not arife from any iudden 
Idiftake or Mifapprcheniion i but from a 
H a long 



loo Free 'Parliaments, &.c. 

long and premeditated Inclination to cem 
fort the Common Enemy, for want c 
other Means, with the Ruin of Britain, 
And fuch was their Attachment to Gratily 
that Enemy, that they cndeavour'd to find . 
out, and difcover for him, which of hU 
SnbjeCis had taken the Duke of Marlbth^ 
rough's Money, and had furnifii'd him wit|| 
that Inteltigevce^ which aflifted him, f(^ 
often, to furprize the Enemy, and gain hilL 
Vidories. 1 

The Minifters procured an Informatioti 
to be exhibited, in the Court oi Exchequer^ 
againft the Duke ; charging. That the 
jMoney, which was allowed him for Intel- 
ligencfy was Publick Money, and, as fuch, 
ought to be Accounted for ; and therefore 
prayed, that the Duke might be compelled 
tu Difcover how, and to whom by Name, 
he had Applied that Money. 

The Duke was Profecuted, as a vile 
Malefactor, and compell'd to put in his 
Anfwer to this unaccountable Bill ; which 
he look'd upon, as the Enemy's fVeapon, in 
the Hands of the Profecutors, lo fir ike him j 
and that the Difcozerj aimed at, cou'd fervc 
no Purpt-fc, but to Gratify the Enemy, 
and to Ruine the Duke's Corrcfpondcnts, 
and the Britijh Inteiefi md Reputation. 



Free 'Parliaments^ Sec. i o i 

And therefore, the Dulte turned the 
\(Iinifters Fi'etich Artillery upon themfelves : 
&e admitted, that he had had K\\z InteUtgtme 
^Money^ ( farcaftically call'd Bread Money ) j 
but that the Demand of a D'lfcovery how, 
and to whom, he had Applied it, was tn- 
confijient with the Service, in which he had 
been cmploy'd,anddeflruftive of the5n///& 
Intereft and Nation, and could proceed 
from no other Fountain, than that of the 
blacicft and moft fatal of all Trealbns. 

This Defence fo terrify'd, that the 
Enemy could not prevail with his Friends, 
to prefs the Matter farther, and therefore 
they dropt the Profecution. However, the 
Profecution was made, not for the Maaeyy 
but for the D'tjcmery : For the Minifters 
allowed the fame Publick Money to the 
Duke of Ormonde to encourage a Service 
of the contrary Complexion ; to perform 
which, he could want no Intelligence. 

Before I part with this Account of Duke 
Marlborough's Mal-treatment, I muft re- 
mind. That Europe at this time labour'd 
with the Grand Doubt, Whether the Infin- 
cerity fufpefted, would iiTue, in turning 
the Tide of Vidory, to the Enemy, by a 
Difunion ? And therefore the celebrated 
■jCaptain and Hero, Prince Eugene oi Savoy ^ 
B^ H 3 came 



} 



tox Free 'Parliament s^ 6cc. 

came in Pcrfon to London. But the Mini- 
ftcrs having Notice before-hand of hii 
Coming, precipitated their Steps ; for Duke 
Jidarlborottgh was difpiac'd, the twelve Lords 
were made, and Duke Orrmnd appointed 
Generali0mOy in the four Days next before 
prince Eugene's Arrival ; to the End he 
Plight be told, and he was told, That his Bu- 
finefs was all over, and could not be altered. 

The prince arrived on the 3d q{ January^ 
17U, and ftay'd 7a Days: His Defign 
was, To join with Duke MarJhorough^ in 
fpiriting up the Qiiecn to hold her Glory 
and Advantages. But, alas ! Great Marl- 
^orouz^h was, juft before, difpiac'd. How- 
ever, during the time of his Stay, Prince 
Eugene fpared no Pains, to Engage the 
Minifters, and to fix 'em in the true Intereft 
of Themfelvcs, and of their Allies, by 
profecuting the Vidorious War with Vi- 
gour. He was, indeed, highly Compli- 
mented ( except that the Lord Mayor's 
Invitation of him to Dinner, was, by a 
Chicane of the Minifters, baffled, and fru- 
ftrated ), liut we may conclude, He did 
obtain from the Minifters, general Aflii- 
ranccs ; which, in the Sequel, proved ( like 
the reft) Inconclufivc, and Infinccrc. 

In this Place, it may be obferved, what 

was the Rcafon why the Preliminary Att 

tides. 



f Free Parliaments, &c. 105 

tides, Cgned by MouGcur Mejhager^ had 
been publilh'd inOffober 1711; which was, 
with Intent that Duke Marlborongh^ for be- 
ing a Terror to France, might be, for the 
Pretences aforefaid. Removed from before 
the Enemy's Eyes ; without which, thoic 
Preliminaries could never fucceed. And 
now it may be prefumed, that the laft 
Effort, on the Minifters Part, to Turn the 
Tide of Viiftory, by a Difunion and Sepa- 
ration of the Britijh Forces, and the Man- 
ner how it (hould be cffedcd, came under 
Coniideration. 

And it may be alfo prefumed, that the 
Cahal had not, as yet, parted with all 
Sentiments of Honour ; and that therefore 
fome of them argued, That the proper and 
fair Way, would be. To Open and Impart 
the Matter, plainly, to the Confederates, 
depending. That the lame Reaibns that 
had Guided fo great a Party in Br't- 
tain, wou'd alfo Guide the Allies. And 
of this Opinion, was one Lord of that 
Cabal. 

But the Enemies Agents argued. That 
thofe Reafons would have no other Effc£t, 
than to admonifli the Confederates to take 
vigorous Rcfolutions, and to furnifh the 
Imperial Genera! ( Prince £«^c»e' ) with an 
Army, and Provifions : By which Francs^ 
H 4 in 



I ©4 Free Parliaments^ Sec. 
\ In their then low Condition, might be 
[ Over-powered j and particularly, That 
i the Confederates might, poffibly, pro- , 
I vide Afems^ by which the ^mi/t General; ] 
L and his Forces might be Arrefted, and 
! treated as Enemies : And therefore they 
Lpropofed a Counter Scheme, That Britain 
Fihou'd proceed in the Congrefs, with Pre-r 
I tcnces to purfuc the Umting Meafures, and 
I the Britijh E^gagemejits ; becaule that Sort 
I of Proceeding, woii'd give the French Pleni- 
potentiaries Room to fpin the Negotiations 
into Length, and cover the intended Turn 
of Victory : And that the new General 
(^Ormond) ftiould, at frfty declare, He 
would join, and pujh on the War ; and lb 
draw all the Confederate Armies into the 
Field, up to the Face, and into the very 
Jaws of the Enemy : Which would draw 
them paft all Retrieves ; and that Then 
wou'd be the fitteft time for Ormoiid to 
declare a General Stiff eufion of Arms, or a 
Separation from the Army j which would 
Dijiraii and bring the Confederates into the 
Utmoft Conftjfion and Diibrder ; and then, 
if they fliou'd not fubmit, the Enemy's 
Army wou'd be at Hand, in Conjunction 
with the Britip} Forces under Ormond, to 
humble their Obftinacy. 

This artful Ibrt of Reafoning prevail'd j 
ft!)d it was refolv'd to put it in Execution, 

ft? 



» 



Free Parliaments^ &c. 105 

as an Expedient, which might poffibly 
prove bloody, but would be effeftual. 

From thefe Confaltathns^ I may con- 
clude, That the Enemies had in their 
Minds a deep and fecret Reach, to gain a 
Power that would be DtBatorial^ even to 
Britain: For They (the Enemy) were 
well apprized, that if the Confederate Army 
cou'd be led on, and decoy'd, into that 
deiperate Situation, they muft neceflarily 
be (after a Separation, and in their Di- 
flraflion ) cither cafily Difarmcd, or Ma£- 
facred ; and then Britain, as well as They, 
muft receive the Vidor's Laws. 

In order to execute thefc Refolutions, 
the Cabal caufed Doftor Robinjbn Bilhop of 
Bnftol^ to be made Lord Privy Seal, to 
qualify him, to be firft Flenipotcntionary, 
at the Congrels, and caufed it to be rumour'd, 
that the Biftiop, being a Minifter of the 
Gofpel of Peace, was moft Hkely to promote, 
and conclude a Peace ; and that her Majefty, 
fpcaking thorough the Mouth of a Prelate, 
would be more regarded. 

Jnd in order to give Credit to the Bilhop, 
and to amule Prince Et4gene, who waj 
then in London, the Queen, on the 17th of 
yannary 1711, foon after that Prince's Ar. 
rival, feni a Meffage, in Writing, to the 
Houfc 



I 



io6 Free ^ariiaments^ &c. 

Houfc of Commons, exprcfiing her great 
Care of aU her Allies, and the dtCtCt ClntOtt, 

in which ftie propoicd to join with them: 
That her Plenipotentiaries were mJirii£iedyK.o 
concert the proper Ways, of procuring a juft 
Satiafaciion to Aliin jiUiance with her, accor- 
ding to their fevcral Treaties, and particu- 
larly above all with Relation to Spain and the 
fVep-Indics, ( without mentioning whether 
flic meant her new Allies, or her old ones) : 
But who was to hayc Spain and the fVep- 
Indies^ was cover'd with Ambiguity. That 
her Majefty would comtnatiicate to the Com- 
mons the Terms of Peace, before the fame 
fiiould be concluded, that the World might 
fie, there was no Colour to fay^ that Jhe had 
'treated -with the Enemy feparately. 

If this Mcffagc did not contain, a faU 
Denial of this Fa£t ; viz. That Ihe had not 
made one Step to treat with the Enemy 
feparately ; it will be too hard to find what 
is a Denial. But this Meffagc was con- 
triv'd, and feni for this Purpofe, that the 
fame might be, as it was, made ufe of to 
anfwcr and evade all Prince Eugene's Ap- 
plications : Againft which, no Objedions 
could be made for double Entendres, with- 
out queftioning the Honour and Sincerity 
of the Government, which Prince Er/gent 
could by no means attempt. 

iltioK And 



Free Parliaments, Sec lof 

And accordingly this Meflagc had the dc- 
iign'd EfFed j for the Confederates, and 
elpecially Prince Eugene, believed it, and 
all of them inferred their own Wiflies, that 
the Britijh Minifters meant, what the Na- 
tural Senfe of the Words of that Meflagc 
meant, and yet were all difappointed. Al- 
tho' the Minifters alfb alTured the Prince, 
That the new General fliould execute every 
Part punduaily. 

As to the Congreft, it proved (as it was 
projcfted) a mere Amufement, compoled 
of Pretences only, without any real Inten- 
tions; I Ihall take Notice only of thcle par- 
ticular Gonfequences of thole Pretences. 

I. That the Terror of the Common 
Ecncmy (Ahrlboroagh) being mtv dif~ 
Xrac'd, the French King, in his SpecSfick 
Explanation of the Offers of France^ for 
Peace, made at Vtrechty behaved, with a 
iurprizing Haughtinefs ; for tho' he wa» 
beaten, down to the Ground, and, in a 
manner, gafping for Life, yet he fecm'd to 
X)0ate to his Conquerors, and abfolutely 
refufed to treat in the fair Way, in Writing, 
which made the ^/d/cj Plenipotentiaries pro- 
pofe the breaking up the Congrefs : But 
the Britijb Plenipotentiaries being in the 
Secret, refus'd, and tamely fubmitted to 
treat 



i 



r 



108 Ffee Parliaments^ &c. 

treat with the Enemy on thofc Offers^ in 
his own Way. 

■ 2. That when a Debate arofc, about adJ 
fnitting the Plenipotentiary of King Philip 
o{ Spain, one of the Enemy's Plenipotentia- 
ries dropp'd thefe Words, 7'he ^een of 
England hath e)]ga£d her Promife. 

5. That the Demeanor of the Britijb 
Plenipotentiaries was fb partial, that one 
of the Confederate Plenipotentiaries cou'd 
not forbear faying, ^ray^ Ge>itleme]}y be for 
ome, at leaji^ on the Side of your Mliesy 
(igaitift the Efiemy, (meaning to treat fairly 
in Writing) but in vain ; for the Brittfh Ple- 
potentiaries were othcrwifc inftrufted. 

During the trifling Proceedings at the 
Congrefs, one of the Britijh Plenipotentia- 
ries went from Utrecht to the Hague, and 
carneftly preffed the States to come in- 
to the ^een's Meafares, as he call'd 
them. 

But the States, violently fufpcding what 
the Nature of the Meafures was, icnt a 
folemn Deputation to that Plenipotentiary 
to kmWf what were the ^leen'j Meafures. 

To which (about the Middle of ^r»7 

17 1 2.) this poiitive Anfwer was given by 

that 



I Free Par/iamentSy &c. ic^^^ 

i that Plenipotentiary, viz. Thzihtt Majefly's 
Meafures were. That her Troops ftioulcl aft 
\ with the fame Vigour againft France^ as if 
there were no Negotiation on Foot, and he 
repeated the fame again to Prince Eagem, 
and the other Confederate Generals, , '| 

But the StateSj and Pnnce Edgme^ fmil'd 
at the Anfwcr, belicTing the fame to be a 
Feiat J becaufe it was well known, that the 
Xfatcb were warm enough toprofecutc that 
Sort of Mea/iiresj and needed no prcfling. 

7'he Duke of Ormond^ (who was made 
General in rhe Room oi Marlborough) at his 
Arrival in Holland^ being about the i6th of 
^pril 1 71 2., made to the States, according 
to his Inftruftions, (as he faid) this Decla- 
ration, 7hat the ^teen's Refolution wasj to 
fujb the pVar with ali fojjibk Vigour^ until 
the Enemy Jbould agree to fach 'terms vf 
Peace, as might be fife and honourable for 
her., and for her Allies, But who really was 
that Enemy, or who really was his Miftrefs's 
Allies, he did not explain. " 

However, this Anfwer of the Plenipoten- 
tiary, and this Declaration of the newGene- 
ral, amonnt, in common Underftandings, to 
fuU Denials of thcfc Kads; viz. That the 
Britip Government had not made any Steps 
to Treat with the Enemy fcparately, to 

tUCfl 



t'r'6 Free Parliaments^ Sec. 

turn the Tide of Viftory, by a Separation 
of Forces, or aCeffation of Arms. 



But, In fo fhort a Time as thirty-ontf 
Days, the Diike fully difcovcr'd to the 
States^ whom he meant by the Word 
\Enemy\ and whom he meant by the Word 
\Allies\y and who was to be pufti'd with 
Vigour, and what were the Terms of Peace, 
Agreed to, and who were the Allies, for 
whom the Peace was to be Safe and Ho- 
nourable. 

Thus far the Uniting Meafures were pre- 
tended, and made ufe of, and the Fallacy 
of the Denials fo far fucceeded. 

For upon thefc Affurances, the whole 
Army of the Confederates, conlifting of 
122,000 Men, i^iz. of 50,000 in Br'itijb 
Pay i and7i,ooOj partly Z)«^f<&, and partly 
of iuch Imperialifts as were then in i%ff- 
ders) had marched with Alacrity up to the 
Face of the Enemy, to fight, and engage 
him \ and the rather for that, the Confede- 
rate Army was, much fuperior in Numbers, 
and the Goodnefs of Troops: Whereas, if 
the Confederates had in the leaft fufpefted, 
that a fatal Divifion was to commence, and 
be put in execution, fo foon, and fo unjuft- 
ly, and in fuch a dangerous Place, and fb 
contrary to the repeated Declarations, on 
the 



1 



% 



I Firee 'Parliaments, &.c. v\t 

mlhe Part of Great Britain, they would 
"jicvcr have given the AdTantage to the 

Enemy, to have marched up Co boldly to . 

their very Faces. 



Id this Place it is to be remcmber'd, thaO 
'uke Ormond^ as foon as be arrived in thtf 
Camp, fent a Letter privately to Marlhal 
y'tUars ; in which his Grace aflkred the 
Marftial, They were no logger Rnemses's ] 
And if lb, th^ muft be Frknds. And iT j 
may be prefum'd, that his Grace did noV > 
fail, to illaftrate to his Friend the Marflial^ I 
his own Merit, in Leading and Bringing up 
the whole Army of his Enemies, to bo 
either Difarm'd or Slaughtcr'd : For if thcy> j 
wou'd, with the Duke, fufpend theii \ 
Arms, and make a CeHation, then the Coiw I 
federate Army would be Difarm'd j but if j 
they refuled, then, upon the Duke's SepiuJ i 
ration, (as he intended) they muft, on i 
might be Slaughter'd. ! i 



I 



At this Time, Prince Eugene^ who wiU 
lingly believ'd the Profeffions of the Mini- 
fters at London^ having good Intelligence, 
that the Enemy might be attack'd with ' 
Succefs ; and the rather, fince the French^ 
upon the Approach of a Detachment ofGrc- 
nadicrs, under the Englijb General fi^ither's-^ 
fufpcdcd the Mritifh Minifters had aScd J 

' h them Infinccrely j the Enemy thcrev - 
fore 



1 2 Free Tarl'tamentSy 8cc. 
' fore prepar'd to Fly, and made DiipoIicion%'j 
' to fccurc their Retreat. 



] 



Upon which, Prince Eugene prefs'd Duk( 
\ Ormondy to March, and take that Glorious 
Opportunity, to fall upon the Enemy, in 
iiich their Confternation. 

But, O Monjirum Nefattdum! Ormond^ on 
the 28th of May 171a, held back, and 
wavered, defiring Time to refolve. Which, 
was the firft time, it was difcover'd to thci j 
Confederates, that a Treaty with the Ene-- ' 
my, had been carry'd on feparately, to turn 
the Tide of Vidory ; and they, from thence, 
concluded, they were betray'd, without 
Poffibility to Rereat, or to change their 
Conduft : Which Infidelity, caufed the 
Confederate-Generals to break out into 
Groans and convulfive Reproaches, for bc- 
mg (as they faid) fo led to the Slaughter : 
For now they concluded, that Ormond wai 
a fecret Enemy, and that he, and the New 
Brit'tjb Minifters, had all along diffembled. 

This News flew over into England^ and 
caufed fuch Lords in the Houle, as were 
Enemies to the Common Enemy, and were 
for Recovering Spain and the Indies from the 
Houfe of Bourbon^ to fly into bitter Invec- 
tive;, and to arraign Duke Ormond^ as if he 
Lwere an InfuiBcient or Culpable General : j 
And I 



Free 'Parliaments^ Sec. 1 1 

And one Lord moved for an Addrefs, 
pray the (lueen td lay before ihem, the 
Orders fhe had fent to her (New) General j 
and, if Defeflive, to order him to aftOfFen- 
fiveiy (;. e. Fight) in Concert with the Al- 
lies. Another Lord preffed the Lords in 
(he Miniftry, to acquaint the Houfc, whe- 
ther any Orders of Reftraint had been fent 
to Ortnond. 



But the Cabal, and particularly the Prime 
Miniilcr, being fure of the Party, who ap- 
proved the turning the Tide of Victory, by 
a Difiinion, and the Giving up to the Enemy 
Spain and the Indies, behaved with unex- 
ampled Confidence, and told them, that the 
new Minifters could not Reveal ihcOrders 
Avithouc the Queen's Diiedions ; and very 
.truly faid, That, in his Opinion, thoic Or- 
ders were not Jit to be divulged. 

The Prime Minifter, however, faid, That 
■if Duke Ormotid had Refufed to Fight, he 
■ h2A foUo-wed his Inftnidions j and that he 
was prudent in declining to fight, when a 
■good ^eixce was upon rhe Point of being con- 
cluded, cfpecially when they had to deal 
with an Enemy, ib apt to break his Word. 

Lord J'Vharton reply'd. That the Mini- 
,ilcr bad given the btft Reafons for fight- 
ing, becaufc, in Fact, the Enemy was not 
I upon 



:i 



k 



t\6 Free ^arltaments, 8cc. - 

7i>ij Speech (if any fuch was fpoken)li 

.was a true Declaration, that Marlborough 

Jhad been a Fighting and a Pulhing General, 

I Who delighted in nSory, and had led on 

1 Troops to the Slaughter, (/. ^. to knock, 

I on the Head great Numbers of the Enemy's 

^ Officers in Battles and Sieges), and had, 

by flaughtering the Enemy's Troops and 

^Officers, reduced him and his Army to a 

Dying and Flying Condition, and had- 

brought the Prize oi Spain and the Indk 

within Reach oi beitfg taken from theHou] 

of Bmrbon ; and had been, for that Reafoi 

•Difgraced. 

If Orniond had been a Perfon of fuch 
(Bravery and Honour, as was luggefted, 

■ we fhould have heard, either of his Joining 
to Beat the Enemy, or of his Throwing up 
his Commiflion, rather than execute fuch 

, Orders as were to turn to the Enemy the 
Tide of Viaory. 

However, this Conflid in the Houfe o] 
'L-ords proceeded ; and the Lords coni' 
. plained, of being kept fo long in the 
i)ark ; and prefled one of the Plenipoten- 
tiary Lords to give the Houfe fome Ac- 
tount of the H^rogrejs of the treaty of\ 
Utrecht ; but his Lordfliip excyfed hiniielr,^ 
for want of the Queen's Oiden. 

IVhey 



i 

1 



Free Parliaments^ Sec. 



f7 



M Wherfupon^ the Grand Minifter afTurcd 
wttic Houfe, That the Qufien wou'd, in a 
By^ Days, lay before the Parliament, the 
freafy, ( meaning, the Secret Treaty for x 
Peace), which would give entire >Satisfa£liori 
to all true Englipjmen. Upon which fome 
Lords exprefled their Sufpicions of a iSi;^*- 
rate Treaty with the Enemy, in breach of 
the National Engagements. In Anfwer to 
which, the Grand Minifter aflerted. That 
Nothing of that Nature was ever intended j . 
and. That Treating with the Enemy y?/)a-i 
ratdy, would be jFooIifl), WMxmiSii anO 
Riin^Ilft. Which amounted to this plain 
Admiflion, That if a Treaty had been car- 
ried on to turn the Torrent of l^t[iory to the 
Enemy, it was Footijh, FiUainouSy aad- 
^i/Cnavijh. 

I> 

■ y^ud here 1 cannot but obferve, how 
the Emotion of this Great Minifter's Mind 
became, at this time, ungovernable, and 
how Truth forced its Way through his own 
Mouth ; for he, with his own Tongue, 
fixed on his own Treaty (with inimitable 
Words ) an indelible Badge of thofc Qua- 
lities he himlelf dcfcribed, and had juftljr 
fixed on them : For what could be more 
Foolijb, KtUaitiOuSf or Knmiflj^ than to 
turn to the Enemy, Viftory ? 



But 



I 



1 



1 18 Free ^arliamentSj &c. 

Bat to proceed : The Minifters ( now 

r ijie State o/Afeira had made them iafe" 

Livcie to Dilclofe* to the World the ISature 

Pef their Meafures, for Turning the Tide 

! 9f Victory, by a Dijiimon ; and giving up 

\o the Enemy Spain and the Indies^ which 

they had privately Treated of, and Agreed 

' to. But that was a Task, no lels difficult, 

^han to reconcile Contradi£tions : For Sin- 

_ f^riiy and InfiiKcyity cannot have in the 

fame Mind a Cohabitation. And for this 

End, they rejbrted to Exceffes of the 

{Juecn'a. Picrogative, for Refuge and Ma* 

Ifierials, i viz. That the Prerogative of th* 

( C'OM'?; to nkike 'Teace^ was AWblute, and 

I XJ.mc»ditio}}al ; and that, for that Reafon, 

» ?r«^/j' had been made witli the Enemy 

"feparatefyy without conjhhttig any of the 

Allies, and without Regard to l&ngage- 

ments. For the Cabal knew, their Parties 

ia i^c- Two Hpufes, were, at that time, 

ft) ftrong, that they were fecure, under the 

pdlliidium of whatever was call'd the 

Refit's Meafurei.- 



F n\ The Origi^ial Motion, for an Jddrefj to 
"• fee Oyfsiofid's Orders to Fught, was baffled, 
^y .6S \btes againft 40 ; and a new Jd- 
4i'efiy of a foreign Nature, was moved for, 
«nd carry'd, war. To pray Her Majefty, 
to caufe the papers, relating to the Nego- . 
/ij.'JoKj for Peact^, at the H^gne^ and Gtr- 
^ w. X tr/ijdenbergjM 



\ 



Free Parliaments^ &c. 

traydeiiherg, to be laid before theHoufe,! 
Which did, indeed, lliew, (if they hadl 
been produced ) That the Terms of Peac^ \ 
which the Allies then infifted on, and which. 
^ony, the French Minifter, had then fub- . 
piitted to, did bear fome Relemblance ta i 
.the Incomparable Captain, and to the j 
yiftories he obtained over, and the ter-,1 
rible Wounds he had given to, the Enemyv j 
To cure which, the Enemy's Friends pro-ij 
cured them to be fo unreaibnably tra- 
duced. For the Terms, which I'orcy. 
Jiibmitted to, in Writing, (but, fpE 
Realon aforefaid, refufed to Sign )■ ,ijf£rj 
thefe : 

1. That Spaiii^ the ll'efl'l»(iJ£iy «nd al^ 
the fijfjjjw/fi' Dominions, were, to he; giycHf' 
Bp to the Houfe of jlnfifM j and.KinjJ 
CX^r/f.f the Third (now Emperor^ wast 
'fee acknowledged King of Slwii, 

2. The French Kiiig was, withiu tii 
Months, to withdraw all his I'^orccs fro 

mil, 
I 

5x If King Philip refuted to Confcnt ; 
the Powers, concerned in this Treaty, were i 
p ad; in Concert, to eicecucc this Article. 

4. StrMhrn-gJi^ hdjdc^ fiCc. were to bt 
Icliver'd up to the Kmpcior. 

! 4 V D'lU' 



lid Free 'Parliaments^ &c. 

J. Dunkirk was to be Demolifhed by' 
f .Britain. •- 

6. The French were to Relinquifli 
, }^amury Mons^ Charieroy^ Laxemburgh^ 

Furnej^ Menin^ Lifle^ Tfres^ Dotiay^ 7oar~ 
'. ttayy Conde^ and Maiibetfge, in the Nether' 

lands. 



7%efe Glorious and Advantagious Ternii 
C^ Peace (if the Minifters had not ad vi led 
l-^he Queen to depart from her Engage-*' 
, ments ) might have been, by a ftr'tB Uvion 
\ with the Viftorions Confederates^ eafiljr 
forced, and obtained. The Motion, there- 
fore, for an ^ddrefs., to lay thefe Prelimi- 
naries before the Houfe, could proceed from 
no Mind, but an Afliirance, that the pre- 
vailing Party wtre inviolably bent to Turn 
the Tide of Victory to the Enemy, by a 
I Difnmon ; which would fecurc the giving- 
I up the Prize of Spain and the Ivdifs to th« 
' Houfe of Bourbon, at a time, when the 
Enemy was utterly difabled to Contend with 
that United Power, by which the fame had 
been fought for, and demanded. 

But the Great Minifter confidercd, Thai 

the People might lay together, the Concel- 

fions which the Vanquifhed Enemy had 

made on his Part, and the Conccflions which 

the 



r — ' — ^ 

f Free 'ParUamenis^ &c. iiT^i 

1 thcViftors, on their Part, now made; and 
I might, from their Unlikenefs, make Com- 
[ parifons that would be Reproachful : And, 
for that Realbn, this ^ddre/s was laid afidc, 
and never more heard of. ' 

On the fame Day, the like Queftion was 
debated in the Houfe of Commons ; and 
Mr. Ptilttney moved for the like Addrefs^^ 
for Orders to Unite, and Fight ; with this 
Addition, To declare their Opinion, That 
a Divifion or Separation of the Britifb 
Forces from the Confederaf<Sj would be 
attended with fatal Confequences ; ( mean- 
ing, that Dependance, which would attend 
Inferiority). 

Bttt Mr. Secretary St. John gave that 
Honfe the like Affurances, as his Leader 
( the Primier ) had given in the Houfe of 
Lords, And in Anfwer, to what a Member 
peeviflily Objcfted, That the prefcnt Treaty, 
with the Enemy, for 'Peacf, had been Car- 
ried on I'efarately : He ( the Secretary ) 
faid, He gloried in the Share, he had, in 
that Negotiation ( meaning, mentally, the 
Tide of Viaory). This AlTcrtion, lilce- 
wifc, amounted to a Dental of the Fad, 
that any Treaty with the Enemy, had been 
eommencciijeparately ; becaufe, no Gentle- 
man can be fuppofed to Glory in Sh . 






The 



^^l Free 'ParliamentSy &.c. 



., The Torrent of the Party, to Turn tht 
Tide of Viftory, by a Difmion, and there- 
by to Gratify the Knemy with Spain and 
the Indies^ was To Overbearing, that 
Mr. Palteney's Motion was rejefted, by 
ao3 Votes againft 73, which was, almoft. 
Three to One ; and a Counter Addrejs was 
moved for by the Party, and carried, pro- 
mifing the Queen, to lupport Her Majefty 
againp all ^erfim^ either at Home or 
Abroad., who fhould endeavour to objiruB 

Iter making the feace ihe was treating ; 
(meaning, thofe that ihould obflraB the 
fiving up Sfain and the Indies to the 
Houfe of Bourbon ). 
\ 
( 
; 



1 



II,. £!it the Enemy's Minifters being, ftill, 
Icar, left Great Marlborough ( tlieii 
terror), and Thofe who Delighted in 
yiftory, ftiould recover Credit, and fo 
prevent that kind Ceffion and Dcreliftion, 
Bfhich had been fecretly Treated, and 
.j^grced to, preifed vehemently Two Ihingsj 
Viz. 

That the Queen Ihould fpeedily De- 
j:3are, to fo Good-natui'd and Compaf- 
fiouate a Parliament, the Separate Treaty, 
and the Terms of Peace, that the Minifters 
had fepanucly Agreed to. 

a. That 



r 



Free TarliamentSy &c. i *j 



a. That there Ihould be an immediate 
Sufpenjion ( or rather, a Ceffation ) of 
Arms ; promifing Power, at hand, to pro- 
teft the Britijh Forces from fuch Treat- 
ment, as is ufually inflided on DeferUrs. 

The Britifh Minifters complied ; and 
accordingly, they now Opened th«r Bag, 
and prepared a Speech^ compofed of 
thofe ExceiTes of Prerogative, which they 
had planted in the Royal Mind, which 
were to Declare the Mcafures for Turning 
the Tide of Vidtory, by a Difunion^ and 
to Leave the Prize to that Vanquifhed 
Enemy; Which Speech was delivered to 
both Houfes of Parliament, on the 6th of 
jfaw 1712. 

But before I come to take Notice of the 
Incredible Secrets which this Speech Dii^ 
clofed, I ftiall take the Liberty to enume- 
rate the many Pretences of Meafurcs, agree- 
able to the Grand Engagements, which 
the Minifters had profcffed, to the Brtt'ijh 
Sociates, and to the Parliament 5 whereby 
it will manifeftly appear, that the Mini-* 
iters did Speak and Write for UnioB, and 
Aft for Difuuk?!, However, their Pre- 
tences were neccifary, to effei5l their Dc- 
fign ; for, without them, the Confederate 
Army could never have been Led up to 
the 



r 



1 14 ffee TarliamenU, &c. 

the Enemy, to be Treated as the Mlnifters ] 
bad concerted. But to enumerate the ] 
tences, thay were thefc j viz. 



Mlnifters ■ 
the Frc- I 



Her Majcfty did, in 1710, Declare to 
the Imperial Minifter, That She had re- 
iblved to Continue the Duke of Marlbo- 
■ rot^h in his Employments. 

. That She, by her Prime Minifter, De- 
clared, She never had Treated, nor would 
Treat, with the Enemy, fsparately^ about 1 
Peace^ Derogatory (/. e. contrary ) to her ' 
Engagements. 

That She ftionld be very forry ( as She 
Declared to the Parliament) any One could 
think. She would not do her utniojl^ to 
recover Spain and ihc IVefl- Indies from the 
Houfc of Bb&rbM. 

And, That She look'd upon the Intereft 
of the States Genera}^ as Infcparablc from 
Her Own. 

That She had giren lu/irucliofss^ to her 
Plenipotentiaries, according to the Defires 
of the Lords jiddrefsy of the iid of De- 
cember 17H, which pray'd Her Majefty to 
give InftruSons to her Plenipotentiaries, 
to concert Mcafures with the Allies, before 
the Opening of the Congrefs, to preferve 

a ana 



jOOi 



1 



Free Parliaments^ Sec. 125 

flirt ([IntOn, in order to procure for them 
^AIJ, realbnable Satisfaftion. 

That Her Majefly, in her Mcffagc of 1 
ic 1 7th of yaauarj 1 7 1 1 , to the Com- 1 
ons, had promiled to promote a fftiCt I 
'ilion with her Allies, That She would | 
concert proper Ways to procure a ]uft | 
S?Lih^?i^\anio j4Uin Alliance with Htr^ ac- I 
cording to their ieveral Treaties, and par- I 
ticularly with relation to Spain, and the 1 
Weji-lndks : And that the World fiiould 1 
ice, how Groundlefs thofe Reports were, J 
\As if She had I'reated -with the Emmy Ji pa- \ 
fTHtely. Which Mcflage had been urged I 
to Prince Eugene, as a full Anfwer to his J 
jErrand ; and that, to Diftruft the Sincerity I 
«rf" it, would be to Rcflcd: on the Govcro-'l 
Inent. I 

That She had ordered one of her Pic- J 
nipotentiarics, to Declare to the Dutch^ 1 
That her Meafures were, That her Troops' I 
ihould Aft with the fame Vigour againft j 
SrancCy as if there were on foot no Nego- ] 
•tiaiioD. , I 

That the new General ( Duke Ormotid^ \ 
-did, alfo, at his coming to the Hague, I 
iDeclare, ( by Her Majefty's Order, as he ] 
iaid ) , That hex RefoUuion was. To pulh * 
on the War with all poflibfe \'igour, until 
i the 



I 1 

^^^ ,ii6 Free Parliaments^ Sec. M 

^^^^M^e Enemy fliould Agree to fuch Termfl m 
^^^^Kof Peace, as might be Safe and Honour- m 
^ able for Her, and for her Allies. I 

- And that the Prime Minifter ( Lord Ox- ■ 



- And that the Prime Minifter ( Lord Ox- 
ford) had afferted in thcHoufe of Lords, 
That a Treaty with the Enemy, about 
Veaccj /eforatelj, was never intended ; and, 
That iiich a Treaty with the Knemy,fefa- 
ratefyt would be Fooli/by yUlaimus^ and 
Knavifb. 



jiad yet, notwithftanding this CondutV, 
■$he Speech made on ths 6th of June 171a, 
was the Reverfe of all the Minifter'a Profcl^ 
fions, and carries in it a very fenfible Tafte, 
of the Coup S Eclat, and of the Enemy's 
Defire, before mention'd ; in which, all 
his Wifties would be Jlccottiplijbed. The 
Speech confifted of thefe Parts : 

''' The firft Words were thefe ; 

'T'hi, making Peace and ff^ar, is the Un- 
doubted Prerogative of the Crown. I prO' 
mifed to communicate to yon the Terms of 
PeacCy before the fame fhould h Concluded. 

I flow let you know, upon what Terms, a 
General ^eace may be made. 



I 



Free ^arliamentSy &c. 127 

/ need not mentka the Difficulties^ that 
arifey from the very Nature of this Jffair : 
jind It is too apparent J that tbefe Liifficul- 
ties have been increafed^ by other Obftru- 
ftions, artfully contriv'd, to binder this 
Great and Good Worh 

Nothings however^ has moved Me from 
JHeddi/y pur/idng, in the prfi Place, the trut 
Jnterefl of My Own Kingdoms : And I have 
not Omitted any 7'hing which might procure^ 
to All our Allies, what is due to ^kem, by 
T^reatiesy and what is "Necejptry for their 
Security. 

If thefe pompous Words do not declare, 
That the Departing from Engagements, 
relating to Peace and War, was an Un- 
doubted Prerogative of the Crown j it is 
difficult to underftand them : For they 
carried in them fomething, even towards 
the Britijh People, that was infufFwably 
Affronting ; forafmuch as the Speech pub- 
Uckly confeffed, and avowed to be Juft, that 
very Thingy which the Minifters had, not 
only with the Itrideft Secrecy, conceal'd, 
but, with the greateft Affuraiice, denied ; 
that is, That the Minifters now confeifcd, 
That they had treated with the Enemy 
feparately ; and afiertcd, 'I'hat fuch their 
Separate treaty bad been long in Tranf- 
a£ting, 



II 

i 



tl 1 8 Free Parliaments^ Sec, I 

a3ing ; and had, in ics Courfc, met wjth<fl 
Difliculties and Obftruftions. For, how f 
elfe could the Minifters know the Term*, 
on which a General Peace might be made, 
unlels They had Treated, and knew the 
Enemy had Agreed to thofe Terms ? Or, m 
how could they fay, That the Queen M 
had not Omitted any thing, to procure^ 
&c. All which fufiprzing Iiiconfiftcnccs, 
fliewed, That the Minifters Treated the 
People, as a People uncapablc to Know 
or Difcern Contradictions; or, if Known, 
that they muft, neverchelefs, lijccumb. 
Whereas, every one knows, That a Pre- 
rogative, to make fuch a Peace, or fuch 
a War, as will Tarn the Tide of Vidory 
to the Enemy, and Deftroy either the 
Friends, or the Power, Indcpcndancy, or 
the Trade of this Nation, is a pretended 
Prerogative, that is not only Doubted, but 
abfolutely Denied ; bccaiife fuch a Prero- 
gative, is inconfiftent with the Effence and 
Truft of the Supreme Magiftracy. 

This Speech therefore proves. That the 
Minifters had affiimed a Supremacy, to 
make themfelvcs Judges to D'lBate^ what 
was Due to the Allies, by Treaties, and 
what was Neceflary for their Security, and 
what they were to be Contented with ; and in 
that Capacity, of Judges for the Allies, they 
had Treated wUh the Encv\iy Jhparately. 

And 



Ff6€ Parliaments^ &c. 1 2 j . 



^ft And therefore the Minifters treated Her \ 
Rlrfajefty's Partners ( the Emperory and the , 
^^tates General) as her VaJTals ; Which 1 
*iras a Prerogative, which could not be de- 
rived from the Britijb Crown ; neither had 5 
the Emperor, or the States, ever Given or 
Tnifted the Crown of Evglaridy with any 
fuch Power ; but, on the contrary, the £/«* , 
perory and the States, depended and be- J 
lieved. That the brighteft Prerogative of | 
the Britijh Crown, was compofed o'ljlrt^ I 
Jitjiice. For the Allies might juftly have \ 
demanded of the Britifi Minifters, Who I 
had made them the Judge ? or had required ■ 
thofe Things at their Hands ? and might 
have expoftulated thus with the Britijh 1 
Minifters ; If you had not departed from j 
your Engagements, and turned the 2'ide 
of Power to the Enemy, and railed hini j 
to a Superiority, we might Our Selves (as | 
we ought) have Claimed and Contended 
for what was due to us by Treaties, and 
for what wa« neceffary for our Security : 
However, it does not appear, you have 
purfucd your own Intereft, or have ob- 
tained, or asked, for Britain, any manner 
of Power or Trade, of which we are, as , 
good 'Judges, as you, of ours : And much 
Icfs doth it appear, you did any thing, at 
all, to procure for us, what was due to us 
V by Treaties, or what is neceffary for our 
■■ K Security i 



I J Free Parliaments, Sec. ^ 

Security ; and, above all, that the Britijb 
Minifters would have taken it ill, if the 
( Emperor or the States had, in Breach ot 
i the Principal Branch of the Publick En- 
gagements, treated with the Enemy Jepa- 
rateiy. m 

2. -rfj to the Words, about the Cane 
Her Majefty had taken, to Secure the Pro- 
tenant Succe^on, I poftponc them to thai 
proper Place. 



3. The next Words of the Speech^i 
were J 

'the jipprehmftoH, that Spain and tba 
Weft-Indies might be United to France, 
was the chief Inducement to Begin this 
fVar : And the efFeftual preventing offuch 
' 4 Ujiion, was the Principle \ laid down, at 
the Commencement of this Treaty. 

Theft Words, [ that the jipprehenfim^ 

that Spain ami the Weft-Indies might he 

United to France, was the cijjl£f JuDUcettlcnt 

, to Begin this fVar']^ was a Reprefentation, 

) contrived by the Minifters, that was cn- 

I tirely Fallacious : For it was the poCtive 

Know/edge of all the Contrading Parties, 

. and the Acknowledgment of Her Majefty 

I Her Self, that Spat/; and the IVefi-lndies 

were adually United to the Houfe of 

Bourbon, 



k 



Free 'PartiamentSy 

\£oHrbon, and were Governed and Aduated 
by the united Councils and Interefts of that 
"Houfc i and that the chief Inducement ta 
%mTmnce the fVar^ was, to Recover Spain 
dnrf the Indies from the Hoafe o/"Bourbon : 
Bccauie that Union had uifed fuch an Ex- 
ccffive Power in that one Family, as would 
Opprels t!ie reft of Europe ; and that there- 
fore England fingly, or Holland fingiy, or 
the Eniferor fingly, were not able to Con- 
tend with the Purle and Power of France 
and Spain ; and each of thoie Sociated Po- 
tentates was fiilly fenfible of that Difabi- 
lity : And that therefore, the very true 
and chief Inducement^ to Enter into the 
Grand Engagement, and to Begin this War, 
was not, to prevent a Union of Spain and 
the Weji-Inditi to France ; but to Difunite 
and Recover Spain and the fVeft-India from 
every Branch of the Houle oi Bourbon. 

As to the Words, \_jind the efeBual pre- 
venting fuch Union, -was the Principle I laid 
down^at the Commencement of this Treaty '\ ; 
thofe Words amount to thefe Confefiious : 



I. That there had been a Commence- 
ment of this Treaty with the 'Enemy fe pa- 

rately : For the Speech declares, That the 

Miniftcrs had laid down, -with thsmfelves^ 

»t the Commencemeitt of this Secret Treaty^ 

~ ifPrinciple to Preveot the Union of Spain 

K a and 



1 

lie* 



I ^ I Free ^arliamentSy Sec. 

and the fVhfi-Indies to France. Which Wi 
^roteftat'w contra FaBum : For the true 
Principle, which the Minifters laid down, 
at the Commencement of this Treaty, was, 
to Prevent the Diliiniting Sj>ain and the 
fi^efi-hdks from the Houfe of Bourbon ; 
and to put in Praftice the only ^tm% 
which could efFeft that Prevention, viz. the 
D'lftmion of Forces : Becaufe that Expe- 
dient would turn the Tide of Vidory, 
and fdence all Contradidions. So that, 
here, the Commencement of a Separate 
Treaty, is fully Confejfed \ altho', fo lately, 
k fully Denied. 

a. That the Minifters had taken up- 
on themfelvcs, yjwg-^, (without the Al- 
lies ) to Treat, and Refolve on, what 
would be Effeftual, to Divide France and 
Spam. Which was Injurious, and Prc- 
liiniptuous. For as the Britifh Crown was 
■ not able,y?«_g^, to Begin and Carry on, fuch 
' a War, without her Sociates ; fo, neither 
had it any Prerogative, fngly, to Treat ot 
what would fafely End the War, without 
frji Imparting to, and Confulting with, 
thofe Sociates, the Defign of her Nego- 
tiation, 

4. The next Words were ; 
Former Examples^ and the late Negotia- 
tio?/Sj Jtiffickntly (hraiy how difficult it /j^J 



\ 



r — ^ 

Free Parliaments^ Sec. i j j 

I to pnd Means to accomplif} this ff'ork'^ I 

\ -would not content fnyjelf with fetch £^eanS, 

as are Sfeculative, or Depend on Treaties 

otily^ linjtfied on^ whatts Solid, and cohave 

I at Hand the JpOtOCi; of Executing, what 

ftiould be Agreed. 

Thefe Words plainly declare to the 
World, that the new Minfters had juft now 

' found out ^cand to accomplifii a Peace, 
(which the AHies had known many Years 
before, and rejeded, as deftrudive) viz. 
To let a Prince of the Houfn oi Bourbon en- 

k joy Spain and the fVefl-Indies^ and to with- 
draw the Britijh Power from difturbing his 
Poffefrion, which was all the Enemy defired, 
and fomcthing more. A rare Expedient ! 
Wife Miniftcrs ! What Man wanted Senfc_ 
to find fuch Means ? 

And the Speech proceeds in the fare 
Method, and fays, I wou' d not content myjelf 
with juch £i@eans( as are fpecaktive^ or de- 
fend on Treatiss only : I injified on what was 
Solid, and to have at Hand, the JBotOEC of 
Executing what ihould be Agreed. Here 
was difclofed thofe Means, by which ail 
Contradictions were to be reconciled or fi- 
lenced; for Power implies Force, and plain- 
ly exprefled the Defign to turn the Tide ot 
Victory againfl the Allies, if they proved 
Rcfraiil:ory; for, Tax qaeritar Eeih. And 
K 3 



1 54 P^'^ Parliaments J &c. 

(hat the CUnS that was Solid^ was, That 

^^e Enemy, or Prince of the Houfe of Bour* 
fcioff, then in the Poffcflion of Spain and the 
[ Weft'hidksj fhould be defended in that PoC- 

fcffion i and that the Britijh Sociate of the 

Houfe oi ^uftr'ia, fhould be Difappointed, 
1 and Difpoffefi'd ; And that fufficient Power 

at Hand was provided to execute this, andfucb 
■ Gtherl'hiiigs as had been Jecretly agreed, althoT' 

at prefent kept under Cover. 



And one would think, from the Word% 
that the Miniftcrs had impofed this Article?/ 
on the Enemy, as if he were unwilling to 
concede ; for the Miniftera doubted the 
' Britijh Power fingly, and therefore, They 
infiftcd to have the Enemies Power atHand^, 
to Execute the two Things fecrttly Agreed 

I J viz. Firft, to Defend that Prince of 
the Houfe of BonrBon in his Poffeflion of 
Spaift and the Indies j and next, to effect 
feme Coup d' Eclat that was kept in petto. 



After fuch a plain Declaration, Who can 
doubt of the JiricJeji Union and Engagement 
between the Minifters and the Common 
Enemy, to ad in Concert, contrary to all 
former Denials, or can doubt of the utmoft 
Difunion of the Minifters from the Allies ? 
It would tire the Reader to Ipecify all the 
L Inconfirtencies that prove thofe Inferences. 

5- The 



A 



Free ^arliamentSy &c. i j j 



J. The next Words were : 

I can therefore mrw tell you, ^at France, ' 
|t laft, is Brought to ©ffCC, 7%at the Duk^A 
"AnpufiaU, for himfelf avd his Dejcen-' 
wts^ Renounce, for ever, aU Claim to tht 
Crown of France ; ^nd that this Important^ ] 
uirticle may he txpofed to no Hazard, thi\ 
Performance is to accompany the Promife. 

At the fame Time, the Succeffon to the 
Jrown of France, is to be Declared^ after 
the Death of the frefent Dauphin, and his 
Sons, to be in the Duke o/'Betry, and his 

I Sons ; in the Duke ej/' Orleans, and his Sons \ 
Undfo on to the rejiofthe Hotfe o/" Bourbon. ' 



V 



rUpon thefe Words, 
vations : 



I make thele Obfcr- i 



That the Minifters Condud had I 
brought Britain from a State of Superiority, 
to a State of Injeriority ; for the Speed* \ 
fays, That France was, at lajl, brought to 
C^cr, 8tc. For this Word [DffCC], implies ' 
a Superiority (/. e. Take what I offer, and ! 
carve out, or I will not give lb much) : An^ . 
that this Offer was Obtaln'd by Inrreaty j 
for France was brought (/. e. by Intreaty j 
' Pcrfuafion) 



K 4 



;arvcd. 



I } 6 free 'Parliament Sy Sec. 

carved, and beft liked, or rather Com- 
jnanded, for herfelf. 

2. That the Word [Ofer], was Artfully 
made ufe of, to lead People from Thinkr 
ing, that the Minifters had done fuch an 
Unfair Thing, as Treating with the Enemy 

: Separately j and further, to lead them to 
think, contrary to the Faft, that it was a 
frcfti O^r, juft now made by France^ and 
not of any long Standing. 

3. That this Renunciation, which was ofc 
fcr'd fhould be made by the Duke of 
jSnjou to the Crown of France^ was the 

I Enemies Fiiienefs^ and a mere fpeculatlvc 
Notion, of no Force, to ftcure either ^ 
Balance of Power, or a Peace : For which 
B-eafbn, the Emperor^ and the States-Ge- 
neral never thought of, or demanded, or 
defired any fuch an infolid or incongruous 
Thing : And yet the Minifters, privately, 
and without imparting to, or conlulting the 
Britlfl) Sociatcs, made this fimple Fancy obI 
Chimera, the Foundation of the whol«i 
Scheme. 1 

4. That the principal jMatter; viz. The 
Compelling the Emperor to make a Celfa- 
tion of Spain and the Weft-Indies to the- 
puke of Anjou ; without which, nothing 
had been done, or could be done, is artfully. 

cover'd, 



Free Parliaments, &c. 157 

cover'd, as a Thing too tender, at preient, 
to bear the Light ; and yet it was refcrvcd 
petto, to mean what was Selid ; that is, 
the lp)Otoec at ^ailD, that was to Execute, 
and Compel our own Friend, to make thac 
Ceffation to the Enemy. 

5. That nothing could be more Apparent, 
than that our own Friend and ^lly (the 
Emperor) was to be compell'd to Accept 
of what the Enemy would Carve and Give : 
Which could not be done, without the Dtf- 
uniotj of Forces, to turn Vi^ory the contrary 
Way, 

6. As to thefc Words ; viz. 

As to Spaw and the f-Ve/i- Indies; 7%e 
Succeffoitf to tho/e Do minions ^ after the Duke 
of Anjou and his Children^ is to defcend to 
J'lich TriiJce, as fl)aU be Jgreed upon in the 
I'reaty^ for ever Excluding the re/l of the 
Houft of Bourbon. 

For Confirming the Renunciations and 
Settlements before-mentioned, It is jurther 
©tfecEO, 7'hat they (hall he Ratified, in the 
moji frotig and folemn Manner, both in 
France and Spain ; and that thofe Kingdoms^ 
as well as all other Powers, engaged in the 
frtfent Ifar^fball be Guarantees to the fame. 

The Nature of the 'J'rofofal tsfuch, that it 
Executes itfelf. 

Thefc 



F" 



I } 8 Free Tarliaments, &c. 



^ 



Thcfc pompous Words, are intelligible 
to none, but thole who compos'd them j 
for this Romantick Provifion made, about 
the Remote Poflibility of the Succeffion to 
the Sfarnfi Grown, is fo far from being any 
way material, that, on the contrary, it is 
exprcfly Contradiftory to the Grand En- 
gagement : The exprefs Terms whereof, arc 
bcforc-mention'd in Pages 47, 48. 

And as to Ratifying and Confirming the 
Retmnciatiom^ it is plain, That whatfocver 
Fratice offir'd^ yet the FrewcA-King Lewis 
the Fourteenth, pofitively Refufed to pro- 
cure the Ratification to be made by the Ge- 
neral States of France ; and for the fame 
Reaibn, no Ratification was ever made by 
the Cortez in Spain ; which proved, that 
the Minifters framed the prcfent Speech for 
no Purpofe but JdCaptmidum Pepahm^ and 
to ^ideaB : And it is here obfervablc, that 
Marquifs Torcy plainly inform'd Mr. Secre- 
tary St. John^ That Fi'Qnchmen would no 
more entnire, Limitations to be impoled, or 
Gaps made, in the Succeifion to their Crown, 
than they would impofe Limitations on their 
King's Power in Government. 

Another ftrange Chimera or Fancy is dii^ 

covcr'd by the Words, {^far ever Excluding 

the Hoii/e 0/* Bourbon) : for if the Queftion 

be 



r 

■ Free Parliaments, Sec. 159 

I beasJc'd, Who ihall Exclude thofe Reji of 
H the Houfe of Bourbon ? W ho can anfwer 
H k ? For if it be anfwer'd. Why the Forcot J 

■ of this Treaty, will Exclude them ? It wil^- 1 
K'ije reply'd, Can the Force of this Utiechti 1 

Treatyy be ftronger to Bind the Houle of 1 
BourboNj than the Grand Engagement wa* j 
to Bind the Contrading Parties ? ,. I 

7. As to the Words of the Speech, • I 

France and Spain are kow more effedually 1 
divided than ever : ^nd thusy by the B!e£«{| 
fing ofGody wili a Real Balance of Power^A 
bejixed m Europe, and remain liable fOy ai 1 
few jiccidentSy as Human ji^airs can bm J 
exempted from. -JL 

In thefe Words, appear theie IncoiiJ^ 
f fiftencies : *l 

I. 'J%e Divijioa of Spain from France. 

a. Thefixhig a Real 15tl(9nCC of Power. 

3. fhe hoping for the Ehjj^ng ofGodctv 
\ thefe 'Proceedings. 

I. jis to the Dhijion of Spain from- 

France. Thofe two Kingdoms had been 

long Govern 'd by two Families ; the one bjr 

the Houfe of Bourl'on, and the other by a 

Branch 



140 Free ^arliamenu^ &c. 

Branch of the Houfe oijiufiria^ who were,- 
always, divided in all their Interefts and 
Politicks : But the new Bntip Minifters 
pretended, that altho' they are now to be 
United under the Government of one Family, 
(the Houfe of Bourbon only) they are more 
Divided than ever : Which was a Pretence 
that amazes, when it proceeds from Gentle- 
men, who pretended to be Statefmcn. 

1. j^s to the Balance of Power^ which 
they pretended was now fixed in Europe^ 
that Notion cannot be made intelligible, 
without obferving how the Balance flood 
before this War : And as to that, it is plain, 
the Power of France alone Weighed down, 
and Overpower'd all the three Potentates in 
the Aflbciation; viz. The Emperor, Eng- 
landy and the States-General. 

For France had, for about fifty Years, 
made Wars i}>2gly without Alliet j and had 
engaged, not only with both the Branches 
of the Houle of ^nftria, but with moft of 
the other European Potentates, and was an 
Overmatch for them all, and had, partly by 
Conqucft, and partly by Treaties, and by 
Conltructions of Treaties, acquir'd (as Ad- 
ditions contiguous to that Kingdom) the 
Dominion of eight Sovereign Provinces, 
two Arch-Biftiopricks, iiiue Biftiopricks, 
thirty of the ftrongeft Places in Europe^ 
fevcnty 



I 



rFtee 'Parliaments, Sec. 141 
feventy Cities, fome of which are reckon'd, 
amongft the fineft in the World, and more 
than three thoufand Market-Towns: Which 
vaft Growth of Power alarm'd all Europe, 
and caufed all other Potentates, to Court his 
Friendihip, and to manage it with great 
Difcretion and Prudence : And yet, in 
thefe Circumftances, the Vanity (not to fay 
worfe) of the Britijb Minifters, was ftichy 
that they Advlied her Majefty to tell her 
Parliament, that fhiu {t- e.) by Wrefting 
Sfain and the }Vefi~Indies from the Houfe 
oi Aiiflria^ and Adding them to the over- 
grown Power of the Houfe of Bourbon^ a 
Real Balance of Power was fixed in Europe ; 
which the Minifters would never have at- 
tempted, if they had known they had to 
deal with Free Parliaments : For doth not 
every Man know, that the Monarchy of 
Spain and the Indies was of itfelf, not many 
Years fince, the Terror of Europe ? Did not 
the Spanijh Potentate attempt Univcrfal 
Monarchy ? And are not thofc two Monar- 
chies now United in the Family of One 
Houfe, the Houfe of BoarboH ? Where then 
is the Balance ? 






3. The Invoking the Bkjtng of God upon 
this Ibrt of 5fl/ii»c^, fecms extravagant, be- 
caufc, the Power of the Houfe of Bourbon^ 
being thus increaftd and cftablifhcd, was 
apparently made an Overmatch for any 
other 



tl4i Ft^^ Parliaments, &c. ■ 

.other Potentate, and probably for all thcj 
Potentates in Europe put together ; And ■ 
therefore it feems Ludicrous, to pray for 
a Blefling on fuch a Balayice, becaufe, 
in fo doing, we miift pray for our own 
Confiifion. 



7. As to the Words, 

A'Treaty of Cvmmerce between the fe King- 
(hms-i and France, and Spain, and the M'^eft- 
Indies, has been enter'd ufoHj ^c. (but no- 
thing was, as yety fettled, but might be.) 

The Minifters did not infill upon any 
Advantages for Trade, that were either Spe- 
culative or Solid i but omitted to purfue 
that Article, as well as every thing elfe, 
that was for the true Intereft of this Nation j 
according to what Mr. St.fohn had written 
to Monfieur 7orcy ; 'that the Minifltn were 
more Intent upon Peace, than upon any 'Parti- 
cular Advantages, for their own Nation. 
Which feems to be a Proof of the Secret 
Article for Ibnie Coupe d' Eclat. 

8. Other Words of the Speech were, 

7he Safety vfoar Home I'rade will be bet- 
ter provided for, by the Detnolition ^'Dun- 
kirk. 

In 



r 



Free 'Parliaments. Sec. 



'4} 



In thcfc obfcure Words, the Minifters 
left every one, to form in iheJr own Minds, 
and to believe, what they themfelves moft 
hoped for, and wiftied : For if they had 
by this Speech diicovered the Truth fairly, 
how, and in what manner, and how far, 
and to what Extent the Demolition was to 
be made ; a general Diflike had accom- I 
pany'd the Diicovcry. I 

K Every Man knew, that the Career of ♦'I 

I^Viclory was. held back, jufl at the Time, I 

when Great Marlborough was upon the 1 

Point of Crufliing thcEuemy, and forcing I 

him to let go his Hold, no: only q^ Dunkirk, I 

but of Paris itfelf, and compelling him to I 

pay the Charges of the War : And that the 1 

French Preliminaries, which had been pub- ■ 

lilh'd in O^ober 171 1, had been, for their \ 

Ambiguity, generally dtfapprov'd : And I 

that the Minifters had been aftiamed to 1 

confefa, they had agreed to them : And yet I 

it was afterwards found, that the Minifters I 

had privately agreed to thofe Preliminaries j 1 

and had agreed to give up, as an Equiva- I 

lent, the three Strong Towns of Dousy, I 

ij/7(?, and 7'our7iay, to content the Enemy, I 

in Lieu, and as a Conlideration for the bare I 

Demolition of the Fortifications only of 1 

Dunkirk^ but not for Dunkirk itfelf, nor I 
Hibr the Harbour : And that the Minifters 
■ had 



144 P^^^ Parliaments^ &c. 

had Submitted, to what the Enemy had in- 
lifted on \ viz. That he himfelf (and not 
Britain) Jhould DemoJiJh thofe Fortifications j 
and that They, the Minifters, had fubmit- 
ted to Accept of ^fniI0, that were only 
Speculative^ to demolifti them in fuch man- 
ner, as the Enemy pleas'd, and as he 
fiould judge, was due to Britain by Treaty, 
and as Ihould be neceflary for Britain's Se- 
curity, without infixing on having the Pro- 
priety of that Town of Dufikirk^ or of the 
Harbour, or of any thing elfe, that was 
Solid, nor any Power at hand for Executing 
the Demolition agreed on j or to Secure, 
that the Demolition Ihould be Extenfive 
enough, or Ihould be done, or done Effec- 
tually, to content Britain, as fufficiently, 
or cxtenfively, as the Equivalent was to 
content the Enemy. 

But the Minifters having departed with 
their Commanding Power, they had no 
Means left to Deny the Enemy Power to 
Ad over Britain, as Britain and her Mi- 
nifters had Afted over the Allies, i. e. to 
be his own Judge, to Diffate, what was due 
10 Britain, by this Treaty, and what would 
be (in Relation to Dunkirk, and its Forti- 
fications and Harbour) fufficicnt for Bri- 
tain's Security. 

For 



Free 'Parliaments^ &c- 145 



Pbr the Minifters fully knew (if they 
knew any thing that was good) that the 
luffcring a 7'reaty to be dark or perplexed ^ 
either in the Creation or Execution, was to 
make the Adverfary his own Judge. 



\ 



5>. As to thefe Words of the Speech j 

'the Mediterranean T'rade, and the Britiih 
Intereji and hjimme in thofe Parts wiU he 
jlcured by the PoJfeJJion of Gibraltar and 
Port-mahon,^///' the whole IJland o^Minorca, 
■mh'ich are offeCED to remain in my Hands. 

The Cafe of Gi^riiZ/d/' differed much from 
that of Dunkirk ; for Gibraltar was, by 
Right ofConqucft, ours in Propriety ; and 
there was no Neceffity to permit France to 
offer any Terms about it ; But the Minifters 
gave up, and abandon'd the Intereft of Brt 
tain in two Refpefts ; 

1. In fuifering the Vanquifli'd Enemy to 
infert a perplexing Claufe, to Embarrafs 
the Propriety even of that our own Unque- 
ftionable Property {Gibraltar) by Giving to 
Spai)3 a Pretence to Redeem and Retain it : 
Which puts a Rcftridion on the abfolutc 
Property, and infers, that it is not ours In- 
dependantly. 



By 



IL 



14^ F^ee Parliaments^ &c. 



a. By negkding £o provide a reafonable 
Diftrift of Ground or Outworks, to prevent 
the Spaniards^ from Approaching on their 
own Ground up, to the very Rock, on which 
that Fortrcfs is built ; for^ under Colour of 
that pernicmis Clatife^ and the Omiilion juft 
mention'd, this Nation hath been, ever 
Cnce, embroiled. 



i 



\ 



10. As to the Words of the Speech, 
Rdation to the Affiento Contrati ; 

ffhich the Speech fays^ had been Infiflei 

w, and Obtained^ to continue to he ours only 

\ for thirty Tears^ {of which eighteen are now 

Ekpjed) in the/dtm manner, as the French 

had enjoy d it jar ten Tears then lafl paji, 

the Minifers faid, that tht ylfflento uuul 
ohtmaed, by Reafon the l^^ti which BritainTI 
had borne in the Profecution of this (Fi^ori- 
ous) fVar^ had intitkdus tofome Dijfin^ion 
in the Terms of Pence. 

1 can fay this only ; That I believe the 
true Reafon of Obtaining the j^jjiento^ as a 
£>iftin0ion, was not for the {l^fllt Britain 
had Borne in the Frofecution of the War, 
but for that Part which Britain had Afted, 
in turning the Torrent of VJdory to the 
Enemy, by the Difunion, and in yielding 
Spain 



\ 



Free Parliament Sj &c. 147 

Spain and the hdies to the Houfe oiBoniboit. 
However, I may fay, that in obtaining this 
ContraiSt, the Minifters were contented witli-; 
what was merely Speculative^ and infifted oi!J 
biochJDg that was iJo/fW, to lecure the Per- 
formance ; for no Care was taken to have 
Power at hand to Execute or Vindicate this 
•iPart of the Treaty in Favour of Britain. 

But what Amends or Diftindion, this 
Contraft has afforded to the Nation towards 
the Expences of the fVar^ am not able to fay, 
(except that I believe, none of the Confe- 
derates do Envy Britain the Glory or Ad- 
vantage of that DiftinQion.) 

II. As to ihefe Words of the Speech ; " 

/ have not taken upon Me to Determine 
'the 3nt?tCff0 of our Confederates: 

Thefe Words were another Proteftath 
contraria fa^o^, and make the Minifters in- 
confiftent with thcmfelvcs ; for They had 
taken upon them, to determine the Interejis 
of the Allies ; for the Speech declares, 
That the Minifters had Difpos'd of Spain 
and the Indies^ and had agreed, to leave the 
Emperor in a Condition to be Compell'd to 
accept what the Enemy would be pleas'd 
to carve and give, and declared, that Power 
v;as at hand to effeft it. The Minifters had 
L 2 alfo 



1 
4 



% 



^^^H 148 Ftee Parliaments, 6cc. 

^^^^H alfo dctermin'd other Interel^s ; for it itfi 
^^^^B laid, The Intcrefts of the States-General, 
^^r with Rcfpc^ to Commerce, were agreed to, 

^H {except fome very tew Species of Mcrchan- 

^V dize) ; and that the entire Barrier, which they 

^V demanded in 1 709, was alfbagreed to, (except 

H two or three Places at raoft) : The Kxccp- 

^m tion prov'd the Affumption, That theMini- 

^m iters had dctermin'd their hitcrefis : And 

^^^^^ moreover, the Speech mentions. That the 
^^^^L- Rhine fhould be the Barrier of the Empire; 
^^^^^P and for that End, that Ibme Forts fhould 
^^" be Yielded to the Empire, and others in and 
about that River Razed. All which Fads 
prove this Part of the Speech to be Protdia- 
tio contraria facto : For the Speech, in other 
Parts, fays, Power was at hand to Execute, 
what had been agreed ; /. e. to Force, and 
to Compel every one of the Confederates to 
fubmit to thefe Determinations of their In- 
terefts, which the Enemy had dilated, and 
the Minillers had fecretly agreed to. 

1 a. As to the Words in the Speech ; 

I'hat the .^een doabted not of being Ahk 
to fee lire the luterefts of the Allies \ (mean- 
ing the Reft belldes the Emferor^ the States- 
Qetieral, and the Duke of Savoy ) : 

And that hey Majgfty was willing to hope, 

tf'at fwie of her Confederates wouM \£nllp 

Britain 






I Free Parliaments^ &c. 141 
Britain her Share ^ hi theGhry andjddvai 
of' this Peace. 



I 



And that floe could Tnake no Doriit, hut 
her ^Par/iament was fully ferfuaded^ that 
Nothing would he neghSted^ on her Part^ in" \ 
the Progrefs of this Negotiation^ to bring the 
Peace to ajpeedy IJfue. 



Now as to ^K&ilitp 5 All Men fouled at \ 
that Pretence : For as to the Minifters, iiV j 
Conjundion with the Allies, their Treats < 
ment had deftroy'd all Unity and Confi- 
dence : And as to the Minifters flngly^ or 
feparately, without the Allies, the Enemy 
Defpifed 'em ; and fo the Minifters could 
have no 3IIbilItp at all, but what lubfiftcd 
on Intreaty : And this appear'd by Mr. St4 \ 
yohtj's earneft begging of the Enemy to 
part with Tournay out of the Equivalent' 
which was to content him, intreating him 
with this Argument, That without thatfor- 
tify'd Town, the Dutch cou'd have not fo 
fcuchj as the Colour of a Bar/itr. 

As to Hope that the Confederates wou'd 
not Envy Britain her Share of the Glory 
and Advantage of this Peace, it is apparent, 
that That M/pe was well grounded, for there 
was no GJory, nor no Advantage, but to the 
Enemy only ; the MiniftcTs therefore had not 
aShare,but the whole Glory of that Service^ 



3 



fof 



15© Free Parliaments, Sec. 
[for the Confederates inftead of Envy,; 
groaned under the Contraries to Glory an4i 
Advantage. 

^!}d as to key A^ajefy's not Meg!e^i»g\ 
lifyi/ thifig on her Port^ to Bring the Peace ta 
,4 Speedy IJfue ; 

The Minifters performed this Part with 
"Vigour, for their Proceedings were written 
in Blood ; as might be read in what wa». 
done at jiemin, &c. 

This Speech, notwithftanding the turn*. 

iegtheTidepf Viftory, by aFatalDifnnion,- 

L^nd by a Clandeftine Treaty with the Enemy 

-•fcparately, which had been fo folemnly 

X)evy'dy and now plainly Coufejydy was 

Beveithelefs Approv'd, and Thanks given 

for it, by the prevailing Party in both 

Houfes of Parliament ; which proves not 

[.only, how apt Men (and even iMultitude* 

I pf Men) arc in fomc Cafes to Aide intO; 

Deviations, but alio that Nothing could, 

Divert that Party, at that time, from Gratir 

fying the French King, with the CompliT 

mem oi Spain and the Indies^ in as frank af 

manner, as he himfelf Dcfircd and Dey, 

gianded. , 

It is oblervablc, that loon after the Making 

this Speech, the Minilters changed the 

Words 



(Free 'Parliaments^ &.C. \ 5 1 
Words (Queen's Meafures) into the WordsJ 
(the Queen's Peace), for this Reafon, 
caufe no real Glory or Advantage cou'd be . 
found in it : But (notwithflanding the Mini-_ 
ftcrsBoaftings of Glory and Advantage) tha 
diredt Ccctrary was yifible, to every Mai 
of any common or ordinary Capacity o 
Underftanding ; for it appear'd, beyond 
Poffibility of Contradidion, that the Mini- 
fters had, in Breach of the Principal Branch _i 
of the National Engagements, Treated withal 
the Enemy Separately, to turn the Torrent/l 
of Viilory by a Fatal Difunion, without,/ 
providing or infifting on any manner of Ad-, 
vantage, either in Power or Trade, for 
Britain, and that for that Reafon, the 
Badges of Infamy which the Prime Minifter 
had before fix'd on this Separate Trcaty,j; 

^ would ftare in the Face of every Patriot ^^ | 
for what could be more Foolifti, Villanousj 
or Knavifti, than to turn the Torrent of 1 
Viftory to the Enemy ? But the People were, 
to be reftrain'd by the Menace or Notion, 
that the Peace was the Queen's Peace. 



It is farther obfervable how inflexible 
was that Inclination, to the French Interefl:, 
that dwelt in the Stnartine Family ; for 
when King Charles the Second was in. the 
Year 1677 prefled, to Come off from the 
French Intereft, his Minifters advifed him 



r 



Infift, and he did Infill, That having 
L 4 



1 5 X Free ^arliamentSj Sec. 

[ once ingaged wiih, and on the Side of ] 
Pra?ice^ in the War, he could not, with , 
Honour, turn againft France^ till it was I 
ended : As if it could be honourable to the- j 
King, firft to enter into a War, and then j 
perfift in it; that was apparently Deftruo j 
tive to the Kingdom. 

But now what can be faid in the prefent 
Cafe, after the Minifters had Advifed and 
Procured this Speech to be made, to Con- 
tradid all their former Profeffions and De- 
nials, except that in Imitation of a Great ■ 
Hiftorian {a) ; That Part of the Holy 
Writings, which fome account Canonical, 
may be quoted ; viz. That the Omnipotent 
Governor, as he hates a Poor Man that is 
Proud, fo he hates a Rich Man a Lyar ; for 
an Untruth may find Excufc, when Fear is 
the Caufe of it j becaufe Fear is the Effeft 
of Weaknefs ; and that Weaknefs is the 
Original Cauft of the Untruth : But when 
Power, (the Character of the Almighty) Is 
made the Supporter of Untruth, theFalftiood 
is abominable ; for the Oifender, advancing 
his own Strength, againft the Divine Juftice, 
deals in Untruths prefumptuoully ; and yet 
this was done by the Minifters : For if their 
Meafures were to be meafur'd, with the 



Standard 



■ Free 'Parliaments^ &CC. 155 

■ Standard of the National Engagements, or 

■ of common Probity, or of the Laws of Na- 
I tions, or of the Laws of God, or by the 
B Standard of the Bntijh Intercfts, they would ' 
' be found to be the Falfcft and moft Untrue \ 

of any Meafures that were ever taJten. 

"When this Speech, therefore, came to be ; 
debated in the Houfe of Peers, touching i 
the ufual jiddrefs of T'hatiks for Roya|»| 
Speeches, the Dulte of Marlborough, witWl 
a Courage equal 'to That, wjtti which h« 
ufed, in the Field, to handie the FrencB 
Armies, plainly aflcrted, That the Mea-"1 
fures purfucd in England, for' a Year paft/ ■ 
were diredly contrary to the Cjyccn's En-% 
gagemcnts, fullicd the Triumphs and Glo- 
ries of her Reign, and would render the 
EngUJh Name Odious in all other Nations ; 
lightly arguing, That fuch Meafures, as 
would make the EngUJh Name Odious in 
other Nations, ought to be much more 
Odious in England, ( meaning, that thole 
Meafures would afiuredly Turn the Tide 
of Viftory to the Enemy ) j than which, 
nothing could be more Odious. And here 
let me be pardoned, if I prefiime to fay, 
That vain arc the Arguments of the greateft 
Hero or Rcafoner in the World, wlicn they 
arc urged to a Miniftry refolutcly engaged, 
in an Intcreft, contrary to the Intcreft of 
their Country. 

And 



t 



154 frfft TarliamentSy Sec. 

And when a Noble Peer argued in that | 
Houfe, That the Dutch had not been lb j 
backward to Peace, but for a Member of 
that Houfe, who kept a fecrct Corrdpond- 



Earl Cowper anfwered, It is juftifiablc 
toCorrefpond with an Ally, whole Intereft^ 
the Queen had declaied, was infeparable 
from her own : But to Gorrclpoud, clan- 
deftinely, with the Common Enemy, who 
had declared he would Dethrone her, was 
Treafon. But all was in vain \ for the 
prevailing Party, which now vilify'd Great 
Marlboroiigb's Victories, were engaged in 
an Intereft, contrary to that of ViGory, 
(;. e. to Turn the Tide of Vidory). 

However, it was moved by one of that 
Auguft Body, That thefe Words ftiould be 
added to the Addfej\ To pray Her Uajefiy 
to take ftich Meafures^ 'with her Allies'-, as 
might induce them to join in a mutual Qua- 
ranty of the Proteflant SuccsJJion. But the 
Cabal knew, that fuch an Attempt would 
contradict their Scheme, and the whole 
Tenor of their Meafiues ; and therefore, 
this Motion fo enraged them, at printing 
the 'J'rotefty of the Diffenting Lords, ex- 
preffing the Rcafons, why they fo ftruggled 
lor the Hamver Sitcce£iony that the Cabal 
procured 



i 



Free Parliaments^ &c. 155 , 

procured the Protefi itlelf to be expunged,- 1 
by a Majority of 66 agaiaft 54. 1 

( The like Motion, for a General Guaranty-' 1 
jof the Proteftant Siicceflion, was made by I 
Mr. Hampden^ in the Houfe of Commons ; I 
■jind was, with the like Rage and Averfion,i I 
rejected, by a Party of 133 againft 33,; j 
being four to one. And the Qiieen, in J 
her ufual Stile, Thanked the Commons for 1 
their Addrcfs of Thanks, viz. for fhewjng J 

- themjeives (by rejefting the Guaranty )<1 
fuch real Friends to the Proteftant SucceC>:| 
fion. ' I 

The Minifters, notwithftanding what was | 
faid, and as if they were ( as in Faft thcjft J 
.were) Strangers to theSenle of the Nation^J 
advifed the Queen, to repeat her Speeche^ 
of the like Nature : For, at the Rifing o£l 
this Selfion, the Speech told the Parliamen?j|l 
That they had exprelTed their Senfe of thfltl 
Advantages to Trade, and the Security^ 
■which would accrue to Britain, and to her 
Allies, by the Terms of the Peace ; (mean- 
ing, by leaving Sfain and the fVefl-Indies 
to the Houfe of Bourbon ) ; and had af- 

- ferted, That the Breaking off of her Treaty 
(for that End), would irrecoverably lofc 
Brita'tn the Advantages of Eftablifliing a 
Real Balance of Power in Europe. And 
Her Majefty added her Defire, That the 

Members 



156 Ftee 'ParUmnents, &cc. 
Members would, in their feveral Couri't 
tries, obviate the Endeavours of the Sedi- * 
tious, who endeavour'd to Carry on De- 
Jigns they dared not to own. 

Thefe Exprcflions of the Prevailing 
Party, have been pretty fully explaln'd, 
by what Time and Experience have lately 
difclofed. 

But now, leaving the Artful Conduct at 
Home, it is material to fee, how the Turn- 
ing the Tide, by the fatal Difunion, the 
Separate Treaty, and the Giving up the 
Prize to the Enemy, was received Abroad. 
The Indignation, with which the Emperor^ 
the States Ge!:era/, and the Duke of Savoy 
received it, is beyond Expreflion : Every 
one dilbwned it , exclaiming. That They 
were Deferted, and Given up to the Ene- 
my's Mercy. The States argued. That' 
Fritiiee had often jyjwerfiilly Iblicited them 
to Difunitc, anj Treat Separately ; but, 
that they had flood firm, and never would 
endure to hear of breaking their Engage- 
ments, in which ( whilft obferved ) con- 
fifted their Power, Security, and Victory. 

In (hort ; this fecret and avowed Dif- 
union and DefertJon of their Ally from 
them, confounded and diftrafted their 
Councils, and deprived them of Time to 

Take, 



Free Parliaments, Sec 157 

Take, or ripen any tolerable Refoludons j 
inaimuch as their own Sociates had led 
them up, into the Jaws of the Enemy, and 
then lelt them to be raaftcred. 

For on the 14th o£ Jum 171a, Duke 
Ormond intimated to the Imperial and 
Dutch Generals, That he had Orders to 
Difunite, and march away with the Troops 
in Britijb Pay ; and to declare a Geflation 
of Arms, as fbon as France had, according 
to fome fecret Agreement, dcHvcr'd up 
Datikirky as a Cautionary Town, to per- 
form the other Terms of the Difuniting 
Treaty. 

The Confederate Generals Objc^ed, That 
fuch a Difunion, would not only Turn 
the Tide of Viftory, but, in the Situation 
they were, would give them up to the 
Mercy of the Enemy ; however, they 
were furc, the Foreign Troops in the Pay 
o? Br'iiain^ would not aftib wicked a Part, 
as to leave them to be maifacred ; and ac- 
cordingly the Foreign Troops infill:ed,That 
their Mafters were Confederates, and had 
ugrccd to make them Auxiliaries, in the 
Confederate Army, to P'ight the Enemy, 
and not Defert j and therefore they did 
feaibnably refufe to Separate, or to March 
with Omwud j infifling, That the Grand 
Alliance, did not admit any Party to Treat 
with 



1 5 8 Free 'Parliaments, &c. 

v'lth the Enemy Separately, or to maki 

feacCf or a Sufpenfion of Arms, withoii* 

iConfulcing and Agreeing with the othcD 

IParties. Which proved, that the Foreign 

^ Military Gentlemen were Men of Itrifll 

Honour and Probity. 

It was happy for the Imperial and Dutch 
' Parts of the Army, that the Foreign Troop* 
rcfuied to march, or to abandon ihelr Fel- 
low-Soldiers : For n/LirSy purlliant C( 
fecret Engagements, had made Prcpara- 
) tions, to fail on the Confederate Army, 
t (in cafe the Auxiliaries in Brttifi Pay had 
^ Separated ), and confequently, to have 
irkilled, and made Prifoners, all the Imperial 
hand Dutch Forces. And this Step (if it 
I had been executed ) had finifhed all the 
I Cruelty. 

Onmnd's Declaration in the Army, and 
he Repetition of it, by the Bilhop of 
^^ipoly afterwards, in the Congrefs, drove 
rriie People in Holland into the deepeft 
fcDefperation ; they looked at one another 
! Men betrayed and undone, and became 
^chiefs ; and yet, for the prcfcnt, they 
["continued inflexible and unanimous againft 
► fiibmitting to the ruinous Terms, which the 
lEnemy, in Conjundion with the Britijb 
iMinifters, endeavoured to impofe. 

-■f V"'l"' ■!■■ '^' ■■■' 

But 



r 



Free Parliaments, &c. 159 

But the Fulncfs of Time being come, 
when the Completion of the Minifters Mea- 
fures, to Turn the Tide of Vidory to the 
Enemy, againft the Confederates, was to 
appear, Ofmond, and (the Enemy) Fillars 
(who had, from the beginning, kept a 
fecret and afFettionate Correfpondence ) 
now fent Expreffes, openly, to one ano- 
ther : Which proved, that Onmnd was 
not, at any time, an Enemy to France. 

The French King, being difpleafed and 
angry at his DifappoinCment, and elpeclally 
at the Lois of the Concerted Opportunity, 
to fall upon and flaughter Prince Eugemy 
and the Imperial and Dutch Armies, began 
to ^libble and Chicane about Dunkirk ^ 
viz. That the Condition, for Delivering up 
Dunkirk^ was. That the Queen fiiould , 
make a General CeSation of all the Troops 
in her Pay ; which Her Majefty had failed 
to perform : And therefore, when the 
Queen had done that. He ( the King, ) . 
declared, he would Deliver up Dmkirh. , ^ 

By this Imperious Step, of the Comforted 
and New-raifed Enemy, the now Naked 
Minifters were pofleffed with fiich Fa/;y, as 
"Wild Bulls in a Net, are poflelTcd ; info- 
much, that during the Sufpence, Duke 
Or mo fid received from Br it am ^ a -wild Let- 



\6o Free Parliaments^ 8ce. 
ter, importing. That fince France did not • 
comply, in delivering up Dunkirk^ accord- 
ing to the Secret Agreement, his Grace 
might underftand himfelf, to be at Liberty, 
to aft, as if no reftriftive Orders had been 
fcnt him. 

But this Letter being a crude and indi- 
gcfted one, and too obfcure to be undcr- 
ftood, by a General who had no Delight 
in Vidory, nor Inclination to Glory, nor 
to treat his New Friends with fuch preci- 
pitate Rxidenefs, was foon contradided, by 
pofitive Orders, to Separate, and to ad in 
Concert with the Enemy, to T'urn FiBory 
on their Side. 

This Separation and Dcfertion of Duke 
Ormond, fo contrary to the principa} Branch 
of the Grand Engagement, and fo contrary 
to the Queen's folemn Meflage to both 
Houfes of Parliament, of the i7th of Ja- 
nuary i/ii, touching a fttict Onion, and 
touching her Refolution to Recover Spain 
and the Indies from the Houfc o^ Bourbon^ 
waSj neverthelefs, avowed by a Britijh 
Secretary of State, who notified to the 
Foreign Minifters, ( including the Miniftcr 
of Hanover) That the Queen would not 
pay any Subfiftencc, Subfidy, or Arrears, 
to thofe German Troops in her Pay, who 
would obferve the flclCt CJllion, and had 
refuJcd 



Free ^arliamentSj &Ci i6t 

rcftifed to obey Duke Ormand's Dlfuniting 
Commands, to 'Turn the Tide ofViBory on 
the Side of the Enemy. Durft fuch ari 
avowed and audacious Act, to betray his 
Country, have been perpetrated, if wc had 
'ifAd a Free Parliament: ? * * 

Duke Oj-moW, and the Enemy (Marftiafl 
pillars ) Declared, in each Camp, a Ceffa- 
lion of Arms : From which time, Ormond- 
changed Sides, and ai^ed, opcnjy, as ari 
Auxiliary to, and in Concert with the 
Enemy, againft the Confederates ; whereby 
the Tide of Power was turned ; for Ormond ^ 
afted as an Enemy, and, by Diredion ancf'l 
Advice of Ki liars ^ took Poffeffion o^GhenfA 
and Bruges^ as the beft Means to ftop the I 
Dutch Navigation on the Rivers iyj anal 
Scheldt by which Rivers, all their Warlike 1 
J^eccfTaiies were to be conveyed ; and, bjr J 
thofc Hoftile Proceedings, Ormond did putl 
a full Stop to the further Progrefs of ihc\ 
Confederate Anns, and turned the Stream I 
to the Side of the Enemy ; which was ad J 
'tad as pufhitig the War openl y, on the fame" 1 
Side with tlie Enemy. ' J 

This Demeanor of Duke Ormaiid^ is not I 
without a Precedent, altho' the vileft that l 
"Hiftory affords ; for it refcmbled the 1 
Condud of Himilco the Carthagiman Ge- 1 
tysl, who, under the State of dtrthage, i 
^- * ' M com- 






\6i Fret Parliaments^ Sec. 
I coiuQianJcd an Army, compofed of Car*^ 
tiJg'/titiMJf and of Confederate Africani 
»nd Sparmttisy entertained and paid by 
Cirtha^ey in the War againft Diouy/ins 
King ( or Tyrant ) of Sicily ; in which 
War, Sicknefs, and other Accidents, had 
reduced UimUco's Army to an Inferiority 
(as he thought) to the Enemy (Dionyjjus) : 
Ij^iercfore ////«;/( £) (with the Prlviry, doubt- 
■'lefs of his Mafters, the States of C^rfha^e ') 
enired into a Secret Treaty with D'io>i)JinSy 
to make Peace : And Dionyjius granted and 
agreed to the Terms, which ffimilco de- 
manded j but upon this Condition, That , 
H'tmilco fhould icparate and march away 
with his Ciirthaghmns only, and leave the 
Confederate j^frkans and Spaniards to hi* 
Mercy. And to this lamentable Gonditioh 
Hlmiko fubmitted, and accordingly fcpa* 
plated, and marched away, in luch a man- 
\ ner, as left the reft of the Confederate 
Army to be maffacred \ and then the 
Enemy (^D'wmfws) cur off, or rather, maf- 
facred, all the Afncans. 15ut tho' the Spa- 
niards behaved (in their own Defence) 
with Obftinacy i yet, to avoid the lafl: 
B-uin, they were forced to fubmit, and 
lay down their own Arms, ( /. e. fubmit to 
be difarmed ), and to take Amis under 
Jjionyfius. For my part, I can fee n6 
Difference In the Behaviour, but thisj 
That the Diftrefs and Fear of HimilcOy 
gave 



I Free Parliaments^ 6cc. j6j 
gave him Ibme Colour to aft the miferable 
And wicked Part he a£\ed ; but Ormond 
iras in the Higheft^/jenV;^/; and therefore ' 
ftc, wantonly and cruelly, and withoiji ' 
ahy Neceffity, qfted his Part, as before u) I 
related, and, conlequently, was the greatey ] 
Offender. , j 

Thefe fatal Proceedings of the Duke ^i 
Ortnoody having given, not only to thf ■ 
Enemy, the Superiority he had long 1 
wanted, but had animated his Army with I 
new Courage, they (the Enemies) moved i 
out of their Lines ; and their Mafter {Lewis 
the Fourteenth') let the World fee, that , 
He ( with the comfortable Affiftancc of 
Britain^ who had given into his Handv 1 
the Power of Viftory ) could Rejume hit J 
Predominance, and ad with his former I 
Hatightinefs. ] 

For Marflial Pillars^ -with his Revived 
■ftrmy, finding the Tide turned, attacked 
"«d took, a Convoy of joo Waggons car* 

"ng Bread to the Confederate Army, ' 

and furprized and affaulted Dsnain^ and * 

kill'd, wounded, and took Prifoners 8000 I 

of the Dutch Forces in that Town ; I 

^hich differed little from a bloody Mat- \ 



Marquis 



1 64 fyee 'Parliaments) Sec. 



hfl 



' Marquis Touy inftrufted his Friend ( the 
[Sritifh Secretary, now raifed to be Vif- 
[count BoUnbroke) That the Qiieen might 

now give Laws to thofc ftubborn People, - 

(meaning xhc Dutch), provided She j?iad^M 
right Ufe of Ghent mid Bruges, ( i. e. t»V 
\ join the Queen's Forces to the French 

Army), and permit Them to Eater, that 

fliort Way, into Holland. 

The Secretary anrwcred. That the Quc< 
' would take all proper Meafures to Over* 
'come the Objlinacy of her ^llies^ and 
{-Oblige them to confent to her Terms 
i'-Peace '^ but that, a Joining her Forces 
i>j<ef}lyy with thofe of Fraucc, won 'd appear 
too Gro/i, and Injurious, to be Exctis'd. 



This Anfwcr fatisfy'd the Monfieuj^i 

L who enough knew, that he had gain'd his 

tPoint, according to the Rule [ Divide & 

\^Jmpera~\ ^ and that the Queen's Forces, 

[Standing by, and Comforting the French^ 

Prtvould be as effcdiuai as an Open Con- 

C junction. Tlie Monlleur alfo knew, That, 

fhy the Separation of the Britijh Forces, 

; the whole Force and Energy of the Grand 

. Alliance was unrcroelkd : For the Enemy, 

, ^having prevailed on the Britifi Minifters, 

to Turn the Tide, to Run againft their own 

Confederates, the French General advancedi 

ant^] 



1 



i . Free TarliamentSj Sec. 165 
and, like a rapid Torrent, he aflaultcd and 
took the Abbey of St. Jnchw^ and 200 
Men ^ the Abbey of Hafmn^ and 1 00 Men ; 
Mortalgfi, and 100 Men ■, St. j^matidy and 
800 Men; and Mar eiiieams, and 4000 Men; 
many of the Men being flam, and the reft 
made Prilbners of War : And in ihc laft 
Town they took the Dutch Magazine, 
which confifted of 300.000 lb. of Powder, 
loo Great Boats, aoo Cannon, 300 Wag- 
gons, a prodigious Quantity of Bombs, 
Granadoes, Bullets, Corn, Meal, Bacon, 
Wine, Brandy, and of all Sorts of Provi- 
fion and Tools fufficient for two Sieges, 
and a great Number of Horfes : And all 
this was done in Icfs than one Month after 
Ormo/id's Defertion ; which altho' it proved 
a Lofs irreparable, yet it fufficiently falii- 
ficd the groundlefs Accufations of the 
States, as if they had been deficient in 
their Qiiota's. 

1^ The Enemy alfo retook Domy^ ^lefmy, 
BoHcha'if}^ Kc. in Flanders ; and befieged 
and retook Lavdau and Fryburg on the 

I Rhhie 1 and threatncd to penetrate again 

■into the Heart of Germany, 



Mifcrablc Events ! What fort of Man 

muft he be, whofe Blood will not chill, 

the hearing fuch bloody Calamities, if 

M 3 the 



1^^ free 'Parliaments^ Sec. 
Hie Source, from whence they came, be 
'_.Confidcred ? 

The Britlfb Minifters having thus tranf- 

. fcrred into the Enemy's Hands the Vifto- 

[ rious Power to Execute^ what they had 

fcgreed ; They (the Minifters) therefore 

f tilled and cut efF the Dutch and German 

Forces, with the Sword of the Enemy, 

OS plainly, as King Davui killed his va- 

i-Jiant Champion l/riahy with the Sword of 

Jihe Children oi j^mtnon : And this was that 

Sort of fVar and FlBory in v/hich feme 

\ People deiigbted. 

Oifntal was the Condition of the Cx>n- 
' Ifederates, after this Britijh Defe^ion : For 
Her Majefty's Plenipotentiaries puilVied, 
vith Vigour, their Meafures, to Awe and 
Compel the States, to fubmit and come 
in to the Minifters Scheme ; which now, 
they interpreted to mean, the Giving up 
Spain and the fi^eft-Itidies to the Houfe of 
£ourbony and all other Fruits of thcii 
Charges, Blood, and Victories ; and to 
,Compel the States to fubmit to fuch Lawf^ 
as the Common Enemy, by their Afliftancc,, 
impofed. 

. T'h Honefi States General turned every 
Way, to avoid the Oppreflion ; They ar-. 
gucd, from the Merit of their paft Ser- 



■ Free 'Parliaments, See. 167 

B^vices, in the Time of En^lwd's Diftrels, 
B when their State, within 24 Years laft paft, 

■ adventured, in a moft hazardous Under- , 
Blaking, to Refcue England ; which had - * 

■ proved fuccefsful, and had placed its \ 
Crown on Protsfiant HczAs^ of which Her I 
Majefty's was one ; and that therefore theif ' 
State merited a fuitable Confideration. .\ 

They alio argued, from the Injuftice, of J 
Turning upon them the Tide of Vidory, J 
by the Difunion and Separation of the I 
Br'itijb Forces : For, in fo doing, Britain | 
made War, on the fame Side with the \ 
Enemy, againft her own Confederates ; in i 
regard, her Forces ftood by, to fee the 'J 
Confederate Forces Majlered. t 

They alfo argued, That if the 5r/Vj/5 J 

nifters had taken but as Juft Meafures, J 

|o Overcome the Enemy's Obftinacy, as 1 

they had Unjuft ones, to Overcome their J 

Friends ; the End propofed at the Com- ' 

m jnencemcnt of the War, ( meaning, the 

h^efcuing, from the Houfc of Boiirbouy Spaia i 

f pnd the bsd'ies) had been accomplilhed. ^ 

They further argued, That the Ignominy | 
and Vexation, of dcfcending from the Power J 
of Conquerors, to Give Laws, (which they, \ 
in Conjunction with their Allies, might i 
M<l)avc done ), down to the miferable Con- 
Ik M 4 dition, 



fe 



1 



I 



I 1^8 pTTee '^Parliaments, Sec. 

I dition of Receiving Laws, from a Haughty 
I f altho' once a Conquer'd Enemy, was in- 
iiupportablc. J 

K They argued with the Plenipotentiaries, 
I jdter the manner King David ar^uai, In ^ya/, 
W Iv. 1 2. It was tiot the ^ubl'ick Etiemy^ that 
F hrought us into this Dijirefs ; for then we 
[ Plight have provided againjl it : but it was 
Lyotiy our own Partner, our Allied Potentate, 
f bur Companion, in whom we trajled, that 
[ have led us into the Mifchief 

[ They Expoftulated with the Plenipoten- 
tjtiaries, and Demanded to know, what the 
fMiniilers meant, by Advifing the Solemn 
I Meffage to both Houfcs of Parliament,- on 
[ |he lyih oi yiwuary 171 j ? They asked, 
I vhether the Minifters of Great Britain 
[cou'd defcend from the Dignity of that 
I J^ation, to deal in Double Entendres to 
I Deceive ? 

I To which Arguments of the States, the 
I Biftiop of Erijlol was not able to give any 
I Anfwer, but fuch a one, as aggravated 
i the Injuftice, viz. firft to do one great In- 
r jury, and then follow it with a greater : 
I Pov the Bifliop Taunted the States^ and 
( *drew the laft Weapon, and ufed it, with 
»;jhis Imperious Menace, " That the Qiieen, 
f finding they would not fbbrait to her Di- 
" regions. 



Fne Parliaments, Sec. 169 
" regions, He had received Orders to Dc- 
" clare, and did Declare to them, That 
" Her Majefty looked upon Herielf, to be 
" Free from all her Engagements with 
" them. " The States imartly replied, 
" That if the Queen had Power, at her 
" Pleafure, to Declare Herfelf Free from 
*' all Engagement! with Them ; Then, if 
" New Engagements fiiould be entred 
** into, what Oath would fecure the Per- 
" formance ? " y^d qttod non fait Re- 
f^onfum. 

The B'tjhop's Declaration amounted to 
this, (as the States apprehended) That 
the Britifi Councils and the Enemy's were 
ftriftly United ; and that the Minifters had 
now the Power at hand, to execute their 
Meafures : The Truth whereof was fully 
evinced, by reflcfting on what the Enemy, 
in a few Weeks after the Difunion of 
Forces, done had at DemiHy Marchiemiesy 
Domyt $mfmy^ Boachahi^ &c. 

This was unexpected Dodrine, fitter to 
come from any Mouth, than that, from 
which it proceeded : For the Statts undcr- 
ftood the Bifhop in this Senfe ■ That as 
the Brittfb Minifters had, for a long Time, 
afted freely, without regarding the Ilriftcft 
Engagements ; io now Britain would forth- 
with Join her Forces with the Enemy's 
Army, 



17© Free '^arUaments^ &.c. 
Anny, and give the Finiftiing Stroke to 
their Deftruftion. 

And if this was the Miniftcrs Meaning j 
and if their Meafures had proceeded to that 
Extremity, I may adventure to fay, That 
jhefe Miniftcrs did more cxprefsly endea- 
vour to Subvert and Extirpate the Prote- 
ftant Religion, and the Laws and Liberties 
of this Kingdom, than can be proved was 
done, by the Minifters of King Jatms the 
Second : And therefore thefe Minifters did 
incur, much more defervedly, the Abdi- 
cation and Vacancy of the Throne, than 
can be charged on King James's Minifters j 
and doubtlcls the lame Root, would have 
produced the fame Fruit, if that deteftablc 
Praftice had proceeded ; for the Miniftcrs 
would have found themfelves (like King 
famej) Prifoners in the Midft of their own 
Army, and treated as the moft Curfed of all 
Offenders. 

For the Bilhop had forgot, that lie and 
the Minifters acied, like the Princes of 
jfuiiah, who were Ulce to thofe, who Re- 
move Bounds, and Deftroy Foundations, 
Nofea V. lo, 9/aIm xi. 3. 

Tlie Slates therefore bemoaned them- 
felves, at their being fo abandon'd, com- 
plaining, that they could not /J/igly contend 
(no 



[Free Parliaments y Sec. 17 j 
,(no more than Britain could fi»gly co*if» | 
,Ccnd) with the Exceffive Power of the Enor j 
\piy, notwithftandingthe Emperor, and fonw j 
lof their other Allies, fpared no Fains 19 ] 
comfort thcra with Promifcs of the utmoft 1 
Affiftance : But, alas ! now Britain had 1 
changed Sides \ the Torrent of Fear aruj 
Defpondency broke in lb irrcfiftibly, that \ 
alt Hopes were overwhelm'd ; for they fajy j 
tlie BritUb Minifters fufFer themfelves to bf I 
■piade ufe of, as Inftruments (or rather af 
■Captives) in the Hands of the Enemy, E9 J 
turn and join in the Tide of Vidory, an4 | 
to pufli the War on his Side : And for that 1 
End, they covered his Approaches, and were 
contented to ftand by, and fee the DutchA 
Forces Slaughter'd, thetr TownsTafcen, and j 
iheir Magazines Confum'd j and above al^ I 
to fee the Enemy proceeding like a Flood, J 
-or Sea Tide, through the Gates of Ghent \ 
and Bruges^ which Duke Ormond held ii| ] 
feis Hands, ready to open and permit their | 
Entrance, to imnierfe Holland. 

And as an Addition to the unfair Deal- j 
ing, ihey fuffcrcd greatly by Depredation^ 
made at the Mouth of their own Harbours, 
by the Dunkirk Privateers, who were fur- 
nifccd by the Englijh Forces, after they had, I 
taken PofTcilion oi Dunkirk, with Ammu- \ 
nition : Without which, thofe Privateers^ I 
[ by Realbn of their Poverty, cou'd have 
\ done 



171 Fffc TariiamentSy &c. 
done nothing ; for their Want and Diftrefs 
was fuch, that the Price of Wheat in Dunkirk. 
was at that Time feventeen Livres pe> 
Bufhel. 

The States had now, no Means left in 
this View, to avoid the laft Ruin ; but to 
fubmit to, and receive the Cruel Meafurcs^ 
which the Enemy, by the Hands of their 
own Sociate, thought fit to impofe : And 
the States, accordingly did Submit and Sign 
the Separate Peace, on the a^tli of December 
171a ; but not without the laft and vtmofi 
Relu0ancy. 

■ And to Compleat their Oppreflion ; they 
were, by the Influence of their Haughty 
Enemy, forced to give thanks for the Ufige^ 
in Return for their former Fiercenefs, which 
their inflexible Efforts, to Refcue Spain and 
the Indies from the Houfe of Bourbon, had 
fufficicntly exprcffed. However, in thcfc 
Meanings of the States, all good P^ngliJImieu 
felt, with them, an equal Grief and Afflic- 
tion, to fee Britain and its Friends fo 
ufed. 

My Uneafinefs at the Motions of the Spi- 
rit of Slavery, which were Vifible and Ap- 
parent in the Negotiations of thcfc Times, 
drives me to expofe the Fallacy which is 
lately infinuated by the Crafts-man of 
Jpril 



Free Parliaments^ Sec. 175 

^pril 3, 1731. in a Letter from a fuppos'd 
^nglo-Germaniciu to Caleb D'Anvers Efq; 
The Words whereof arc thefe : 

" And here Mr. D'Anvers^ 1 muft beg 
" Leave to wifti you Joy, on another Ac- 
" count ; I mean with Regard to the Hague 
" Letter^ which you publlfti'd almoft three 
*' Months ago, concerning a Negotiation at 
** Vienna : For the' No-body can be more 
*' wiHing to believe, that this Treaty hath 
" laid a Solid Fuimdation for a General 
" Peace j yet, at prefent, it does not appear, 
" that any other Powers have Acceded to 
" it, than Great Britain and the Emperor. 
.*' We are told, indeed, that the other Allies 
*' of Seville are I/rvited into it, and I hope 
** they will Accept the Invitation : But can 
" it be call'd a General Peace, till they have 
" accepted it ? ^/jy was the 'treaty of 
*' Utrecht call'd a Separate 7'reaty ? If I am 
" rightly inform'd, the Negotiations were 
" conjiantly communicated to the Emperor 
" and Holland : And when the Treaty was 
" Signed without their Concurrence, they 
" were /ww^fi^ to Accede to it ; as they did 
" at laft, (/. e. they were by Infidelity 
" compeU'd to it." ) 

Now why the Crafts-many who whilft 

he publiih'd what was fit to proceed from a 

Spirit of Liberty, was Commended, fliould 

now 



I 



174 Free ^arl'tammU^ Sec. 

now Difclofe fuch an Infinuation, as could- 
proceed from no Genius, but from the old 
Spirit of Untruth and Infincerity, is a Secret 
loo Difficult for me to account for j unlefs 
he is about to change his Sprits : For how 
elfe could he aflert, That the feparatc Ne- 
gotiations, which were fecretly Carry'd on 
and Agreed to, for turning to the Enemy 
the Tide of Victory, and for Giving up 
Spain and the TFeJi-Indtes to the Houfe of 
Bourbon^ were at fir/i Communicated to the 
Emperor and Holhtid ? Were they not in- 
duftriouily Conceal'd, and even magifte- 
irially Deny'd ? One may, for that Realbn, 
fuipeft, that his pretended Anglo-Germa- 
iiicus was, at that time, an Anglo-GaVicns : 
For he, in Effed, confeffcs the grofs Ini- 
quity of that feparatc Negotiation, which t 
have taken fo much Pains to expofe in its 
naked Accoutrements. His Words are. 

Let me add further^ 7'hdt feparate Nego- 
tiations, (by which I mean, fuch as are 
carry'd on at jirfl, without a General Con- 
cert of the Allies) may happen to Conclude 
in a General Treaty^ Becauje thoje 'lowers 
who were not c'oTifulted at firft, upon the 
Manner ofjuch Negotiations^ may he induced 
(f. e. forced) to Concur, "jjhen Communicated 
to them. 

Now 



[ 



free Parliaments^ &c. 175 



Now it is well kndwn, that ihe principdl 
Bratsch of the Grand AUyance, by which 
the Queen engaged Not to freat with th6 
Enemy feparately, without firft Imparting 
to the Emperor and Holland hei- Defigiij 
and the Terms of her Intended Negotiation^^ 
was that Engagement in which the Allied 
moft confided \ for every one of the Allies 
were very well appriz'd, that if any of them' 
fliould Depart from or Break that Branch, 
and Treat with the Enemy feparately, that' 
Ally, whoever it ftiould be, would lacrificd 
All the Reft to the Enemy, to receive fiich 
Laws as he, and fuch his new Ally, fiiould 
Impofe i and therefore the Separate Nego- 
tiation which was carry'd on ot ficff, with-- ' 
out their Privity, was a moft heinous Tran& 
greflion, equally as void of Sincerity and 
Juftice, as it was of good Senle. 

Every one knows, that the Treaty which 
induc'd ihcUtrecht Peace, was the moft Im* 
fortatit Treaty that this Nation ever had to 
manage, and happen 'd at a Time when iC 
had the Greateft Power to make a Good one.' 
And yet that Treaty was managed in the 
tm/i ftnfekfi Manner., and was built upon 
the worft Foundation j viz. Upon the i 
Foundation of Turning to the Enemy the 
Tide of Viflory : For what was that 'Things 
Hi-«hich the Enemy, at that Time, would not 
have 



1*^6 Free ^arliajmntSy Sec. 

I have given, for Removing his Terror (Great^l 
i^arlborcugh) out of his Sight ? Or what 

I jfould he not have given, toTurnthePowcf 
' Vidory to fave his own Crown, and to 
his Grandlbn Spain and the JVeJl-Indies ; 

fon which the Vidonous Allies had laid 
Ljiich Holdy as the Enemy's Power was not 
able to Unloofe ? Would he not have glad- 

Ky paid ail the Debts of Britahi ? And 

p&crefore the Writer condemns himfcif, 

I yrhen he points out fbme Fruits^ of that 
leparate Treaty j viz. That the Demo- 

^Btion of Dunkirk being left to be done 
\iy the French themfelves, They only, have 
power to Demolifh it, and to hinder (and 
do hinder) any others (fo much as) to 
Caft Stones into the Harbour's Mouth to 
help the Demolition : And yet after thofe 
Treaty-makers had given away the Com- 
tmnding ^owei\ they expefi the prelent 
Minifters, ftiall without that Pozver, provide 
fuch a proper DiJiricJ- of Ground to Defend 
Gibraltar^ as ts apparently neccffary, and 
which they had Power to provide; but moft 
unfaithfully left Unprovided, and which 
cannot now without fuch Efforts, as may 
Endanger a new Difoidcr and a general 
Confufion, be obtained. 

However thiis Writer owns, that good ] 
^dmomtions have (as in Fact they have) at 
laft turn'd oui Minifters out of the wrong J 
t'**.l Freiichi 



atf 



177 



r — 

■ Free ^nrliamentSj &.C. 
I •trench Channel into the r't^ht German J 
^Channel, of Politicks : -But every one I 

■ Icnows, that the late Minifters were fo in- I 
Kcorrigibly obftinate and refolute to proceed I 
■^ their own wrong Way, to turn the Tor- I 

rent of Vidory to the Enemy, that no Jd- 1 

mottitions, or Reafons, or Danger, nor even 1 

Shame it/elf, could turn them out of the J 

French Channel, which led to their Darling J 

Atchievement of Giving up S/'ain and the I 

Weji-Indies to the Hoiife oi Bourbon ; or J 

from their wfiexibk Indhmfton^ to Reftorc 1 

the Enemy, from the Mifery of having his 1 

Men, his Money, and his Provifions, Ex- I 

hau(ied\ or from his being in every Place I 

Vanquifti'd ; or from placing him in a State I 

and Condition, (as he was afterwards) in I 

every Place Viftorious ; or from Afiifting J 

^Jiim to prefcribc Laws to his Conquerors. > ■ 

■ • But to return : The Britifh MinifterS, 'M 

•who now valued themfelves on their Obfe- 1 
quioufnefs to the Enemy, were, in their I 
higheft Exaltation; France therefore, on her J 
Part (as in Duty hound) repaid them with .1 
fuch Praiies, as the moft Eloquent could Ex- 1 
prefs; and t\\c 'Pretender's Party, with Plea- -I 
lure, Refounded the Echo : But Hiftory will ^J 
remind Britousy that the evil Ufe, which was 1 
made of the National Victories, was a 7'rea- ^ 
fon that is indelible ; and daily Experience J 
_ will flicw them, what Tljings, for the Ad- ' ' 
■• N vantage 



[hel 
ley I 



178 Free ^arUaments^ Sec. 
•vantage of Trade, thofe Viftories gave tltt 
•^■Miniftcrs Power- to Do, and which they 
;(injurioiifly to the Nation) left Undone. 

Before this Matter is difrnifs'd, it is ma" 
I Serial to remember, how the Lord BoUng- 
(•l^fef, when he v/ent to Par'/s^ in jiugufi 
"-•1712, was Cdicl'sd : The French King's 
■Compliments exceeded, what he had ever 
' -.before coiideicendcd, to exprefs ; and yet 
he could not torbcjr twitting his Lordfhip, 
by telling him, what He (the Fnnch King) 
had Power (by Vcrtiie of the Power £r;faiH 
hiid given him) to do (but had forborn to 
•■ ^o) even againft Britain. And as to the 
^People, when his Lordfhip went to the Play 
' lor Opera in Pans, the Concourfe of Nobi- 
lity and Gentry to fee the Man, who had 
donefo much to turn the Torrent of MiSory, 
to Save them, was greater than was ever 
' ^nown in that Metropolis : But" what thofe 
-People thought of this Great Man in their 
■ Hearts, is only to be liippos'd ; but we 
may imagine, what Sort of Adulation, to 
the Prime Minifter, wou'd have been paid, 
* 4f he had gone to Paris, (as 9orcy did to 
I -the H.igne) ; for what could the Fretjch 
^ People have done, fufficient, to honour that 
Great Man, who had Reftor'd their Matter 
from being Beaten and Subdu'd, to be a Con- 
<lueror ; not only to give Peace, but to 
prefcribe the Terpis of it, to all his Ene- 
mies ? 



Free "Par/i^wentSj &c. 179 
mies ? The Frenchnefis Sentiments could 
not be lefs, than, That he was the Greaceft 
pf Friends to France^ and the Grcateft of J 
^ to Britah. 



I 



But the moft Extraordinary, at]d moH 1 
Dcteftable Circumftancc, which in fuch a f 
Tianfaftion ever happen'd, was, That th^ j 
Enemy had the Tide of Victory Turn'tL J 
and Spain and the Ifidies given to his Dili ■ 
pofal, and all the other valuable Services 
done, without parting with the leaft Power 
br Trade from himfelf in Exchange ; for 
the Benefit of thofe, who frankly laved 
him from the Ultima ^ermcies^ and gawe, 
or fuffer'd him to Command, what he moft 
Wanted : No, he was not iRcflUirtlJ, in his 
loweft Diftrefs and Humiliation, to Refund 
to Britain fo much as its Charges in Eafe 
of the National Debts : For as to the For- 
tifications of Drifih'rk, the Enemy would , 
mot be brought to O^r them, otherwi_yj| 
than to Sell them, for an Equivalent, which ' 
contented him, (/. e. for a Valuable Confi- 
deration): And therefore we may conclude, 
that the Root that fed all thefe miferable 
Proceedings, was, the Want of Free Par- 
Raments \ for the Body of the People were 
at that Time intenfcly bent, to' purfue the 
Beaten Enemy, till they reaped the Fmitof 
their Vidories, or at leaft a Reimburl'ement 
of their Debts : And therefore thefe, wilful 
N 3 Oniilfions 



3 



L 



1 80 Ffee 'Parliaments, Sec. 
Omiflions or Conceffions knowingly mad 
jnay bemadeufeof, astheftrongeftEvidenci 
to prove, that there was fuch a Iccret Article 
agreed 01a, touching fame QEoup D'Cclat 
and the Spunge, as is before hinted at. 

The ftiipid and puerile Excufes which' 
the Minifters afterwards in this Reign re- 
forted to, to cover the ill Shape of their Ne- 
gotiations, difcover'd their perional Infuf- 
ficiencies ; for fomc of them wanted not the 
"Weaknefs to fay, that Prince Eugene and 
the Imperial and Dutch Armies, deferted 
and feparated from Duke Ormond^ and not ■ 
he from them : But this Figment (though 
provoking) produc'd fuch Laughter only 
as proceeds from Indignation, after the Op- 
portunity is loft irrecoverably. 

To what hath been written on this Head, 
, this Obfervation may be added j That it 
Was the vail Reputation which the Vidtories 
■gained under Marlborough's Conduft had 
acquired to the Government, that enabled 
the Minifters to carry on fuch deftruiSiive 
► Negotiations ; for if the Terrible Fear of 
I 'the Enemy had not been by ihofe Viftories 
-■Removed, , thofe Services which the Mini- 
flcrs did for the Enemy, and the Abufes they 
(toferve him) impofedon the FtcJor'tous Ge- 
neral^ had never been Attempted, or how- 
ever could never have been Accomplilhcd : 
So 



\ 



Free Parliaments^ Sec. 1 8 1 



I So that the very Reputation Gained by the' 
Viftories, Raifed that Power, by which the 
Jellies, and the Captain who Gained them, y 
were afflided and maltreated. 
The Separate Peace y between France^ j 
Britain, and Holland, being thus concluded, 
upon the Terms the Enemy himfelf pr&- i 
fcribed j the mxt Matter that came upoa i 
the Stage, was the Qiieftion, Whether the \ 
Protejiant Succejj^on was well Secured^ or left I 
Infecure and in Danger ? Which Queftion < 

^arofe from the Queen's Speech of the 6th of 4 
^lose 171 1 J becaufe Her Majefty had in 
that Speech, made the Article for Securing 
that Sacceffion the firfl: Article (as if the 
fame were the moftlmportant) of the whole 
Treaty. Her Words were indeed Speci- 

»ous ; viz. 
'the Securing the Protejiant SticceJJjon in . 
the Houfe of Hanover, beitig what I have , 
tearefl my Heart, particular Care is taken to 
hcroe it Acknowledged in the Strongeji T'ertns, 
Olid to have the Zidditional Security of the 
Removal of that Perfon, who pretends to 
' f Dominions of Fizncc. 



Tiflarb t 



■oft 



The Matter of the Proteftant Succcffion 
Was momentous, becaufe the French King 
tad not only Owned another Perfvu for King 
^f Englvsdy but had Declared to all the 
N 3 World, 



1 Sz Free Parliaments, Sec. ■ 

World, That if he could place that 'Terjon 
on the Throne of Enghind^ All his Wimes 
would be intirely ^cconipliJJied. To which 
may be added, That the Securities which 
the Minifters had provided by a bare Ver- 
bal Acknowledgment, and a Tranfitory 
Removal of the Pretender^ out of the French 
Dominions, were unequal to the Impor- 
tance J for no manner of Care was taken to 
Refirain the French King, fo much as by a 
fpeculatire Proniilc, not to Afliil: the "Pre- 
tender, altho' that Potentate had hazarded, 
for him, even his own Crown j and there- 
fore the Care of the Minifters, appearing 
ib Trifling, and Superficial, and the Omjl- 
fion fo Apparent, the fame inferr'd a Pro- 
fiimption and Sufpicion, violent enough to 
equal pofjtive Proof, that a Secret Article 
to make fome Coup d'EcIat, as is before- 
mention'd, lay Conceal'd : And that this 
Onnjjion was made on piirpofe, to Leave a 
Door open, for that Undertaking. 

But above all, the Grand Concern of this 
Article, made it Neceffary to the Minifters, 
to have Imparted the Nature of it, to the 
next and Immediate Succeffor, as the Party 
moft Concerned, before any one Step had 
been made in the Treaty : But that being 
Omitted, Common Fame made the Prefump- 
tion of fome Dangerous Secret the Stron- 
ger. 

The 



I ITieParcies therefore for and agamft ihe 

B ProEeftant Succeffion, may be diftinguifti'd < 

■ by thefe Names ; viz. Zealots jcr the Pro^\ 

^^^atit SucceJJion^ and Zealots pr the Cotitrary> J 

' Meajuresy (meaning ibmcthing they Jcne\< T 

not what) ; or. in ftiortcr Words, Zealots \ 

for Hanover, and Zealots for the FrencU . 

Meafures. It is Remarkable, That all the 

KfForts of the Zealots for the Hanover Sue- ; 

ccffion, centred in theie Two Expedients : 

1. To procure the Contracting Parties in 
ihc Treaty of Utrecht to become Guarantees 
of the Hanover Succeffion. 

2. That the Pretender might hcRemov'd 
tut ofLonaia. 

. But we (hall iec how the Minifters (in 
Power) Ba^td both thefe Expedients. 

. The Reafons for Apprehending Dangers 
to the Proteftant Succeffion, were thefe ; 
( 

I. The Primary and Grand Reafon was, 
[as is juft mcntion'd) That the Minifters had 
not, in this momentous Matter of State, lb 
much as Imparted this Article of the Treaty, 
to the Proteftant Succeflbrs ; but the lame 
was with Stridcft Care, conceal'd from them, 
altiio' they were the Parties moft concern'd. 
N 4 2. Becauic 



pref Parliaments, Sec. 183 



1 §4 Ff"^^ 'Parliaments, Sec. 

2. Becaufe the Queen's Speech of the (Jrib 

' of y/im 1712, (which made the firft Dil^ 
I covery of this Separate Treaty, and of this 
[Grand Article of it) treated that Importani 
Matter, with an Indifference, that proved 
I the Minifters ma3e a Jeft of itj for thejr 
I knew, how eafily the Enemy could, at^ 
r Pleafure, Retracl and Difown, his Acknow- 
ledgment, as he had done in the Cafe oi 
j" King ff^iliiam. 

3. Becaufe the Zealots, for the contrary 
Meafures, treated thofe Motions, to pro-<^ 

' cure the Guaranty, with Scorn and Indig- 

^nity. 

4. Becaufe the Minifters had procured 
■ the Parliamentary AddrefTes, to Remove 

, t'le 'pretender out of LarraWy to be Treated 
with Coldnejs and Rela0ance. 

j;. Becaufe two Addrefles from Certain 

tBurghs in Scot-land, Infinuating their SatiC- 

faction, in Cafe her Majefty would pleaft 

to Chnofc her SuccefTor, were Received and 

l-^cceptcd with feeming Pleafure, at leaft 

without any Difapprobation. 

6. Becaufe Dr. Sachevereirs Service, in 
Condemning the Revohition, for being In- 
confiftent with the Doftrine of Unconditio- 




J^ee Parliaments^ Sec. 1S5 
lal Obedience, was Rewarded with the 
laribnage of St. yindrew's Holborney (being 
,c of the beft in England.) 

7. Becaule the MIniflers procur'd the 
Duke D' turnout, Ambaflador of France, to 
be Treated with Uncommon Marks of Fa- 
vour and Diftinftion : For as an Addition 
to the Reft, the Royal Palace of Somer/et- 
Hoajk was allowed for the Refidence of him 

(and his Retinue ; One of whom was (as it 
,was Violently prefum'd) a Certain Gentle- 
4nan of pretended Great Quality, iately come 
from Lorra'tn : Which could mean nothing 
lefs, than that France was to do for Br'ttain 

(fome Uncommon Services ; for all the Papifts 
and Jacobites Believed, and fometimes Brag- 
ged, that France was to Enable, a New 
Appomtment of a Succeflbr. 
8. But that which afforded the Strongeft 
Proof of the Danger, was, that the Minifters 
did daily Remove, and caufed to be Re- 
moved, the known Friends of the Proteftant 
Succeffion, from Employments Civil and 
Military, and placed in their Room, Men of 
Contrary Inclinations : But as to the Mili- 
tary Places, Orders were given, that None 
ftiould Continue in their Pofts, or have new 

Eimilions, but fuch as would engage to 
e, without Asking Qiicftions. 
y. Becaufe 



t\%6 Free ^arUamentSy Sec. ■ 

■ p. Bccaufe the Queen's Speech to the fl 

New Parliament on the 2d oi March 17-f^, ■ 

was fram'd of Bold and Daring Exprel- I 

fions, viz. ^ 

7%ere are/dnu, that are jirr'roedto that 
Height of Malice, as to Ivfinaatey that 
the Protefiant SueceJJion, in the Houfe of 
Hanover, is in Danger under my Govern- 
ment : Ihofe^ who go about to DiJiraB the 
AJtnds of Men, with Imaginary Davgen, 
can only mean to Dijiurb the '^Prefint Tran- 
qiiiUity, ami bring upon us Real MiJ chiefs. 
I cannot mention thofe Proceedings, without 
fome Degree of Warmth, and muji tell you, 
that Jttempts to Weaken my Authority, or 
to Render the. Pojpjfwn of the Crown, Uneafy 
tome, can never be proper Means, to Strengthen 
the '^rotejiant SucceJJton. 



k 



Thefe Uncommon Expreflions pointed 
diredly at the Houfe of Hanover, and plain- 
ly fignificd the Minifters Fear of the Hano- 
ver Party, or fome Efforts from that Quar- 
ter, bccauie Baron Bothmer'^ Memorial had 
declared. That his Mafter could not look 
on the Difiinion, and on Subjecling the Na- 
tion to a Foreign Power, or on hfs own De- 
privation, \»itl) (ntilffrrcnCE 5 and the rather, 
fincc thofc Acts ■were (as They were Con- 
fcious 



Free Tarliaments^ Sec. 1S7 
fcious to themfclves) not Inferior to thoi^ j 
<in which was founded, the Abdication. 

Thcfe M'ords of this Speech were there* 1 
fore plain and fignificani;, and fufficicnt to | 
Convince every Man ( except fuch as re- ] 
folved not to be Convinced ) That ther« I 
were Secret Meafures on the Anvil, to Dif^ j 
iappoint the Hanover Succejivnj which Uyj 
covered. \ f 

And to chele Particulars, it may be ad»^ 
fled, That the Rage of the Party in that 
Houfe of Commons, which mal-treated the 
Great A/ariborongh^ and his Adherents, was 
fttch, that no Confidcrable Friend of the 
Hanover Sncceffion^ could cfcapc their 
Milice : For they voted the Lord Town- 
jlmid^ who had Treated and Settled the 
Barrier for the Dutch^ to be an Enemy to 
his Country j tor no Reafon, but becaulc 
there was a Claufe, in the ftrongeft Terms, 
inlcrted in that Treaty, to Support and 
Maintain the Hanover Smcejjfon. 

Mr. Steele was, in this Houfe of Com- 
mons, Accufed and Profecuted, as z Libeller ^ 
for Writing and Printing a Treatife, cali'd 
•The Cr'ifii^ and fome other Papers, in 
which he cxpofed the late Peace, for Giving 
'tip Spain and the fie/l-hdies to the Houfe 
'<if BourbofSj and for Endangering the Pro- 
tcftant 



d 



1 S 8 Ffee Parliaments^ Sec. 
tcftant SuccelTion ; and with fundry other 
Fa^s, that were equally undeniable : And 
altho' Mr. IValpole defended hini, with a 
moft forcTble and eloquent Argument, 
efpecially in relation to the Hanover Sue- 
cejfiony which was unanfwerable i yet the 
Majority fupply'd the Want of a Reply, 
and Mr. Steele was, by a Majority of 245 
againft 152, Expell'd the Houfe. And 
here it is to be obferved, That no People 
did more Cry up and Applaud Duke Marl- 
horough's Vidories, than the Proteftant 
Diflenters, and the French Refugees : And 
therefore, it may be prefumed, that the 
Fremh Influence produced thefe Efforts. 

1. The French demanded Satisfa9,ion 
againft Monfieur Dubonrd'ieit, for ibme Ex- 
preflions, in his Sermons, refle£ling on the 
French King's Breach of the Edid of 
NantZy and Perfecuting the Proteftants. 

2. They infifted, That the Penfion paid 
to the French Refugees, fliould be ftopt j 
and it was ftopt. 

3. That the Protcftant Diffenters fliould 
be chaftiz'd, with fome fevere Law, tend- 
ing; to their Extirpation. 

And in this laft Propofition, the Rage of 
the Party, againft the ProteftanC Succefllon, 

comply 'd 



Free Parliament Sy &c. \%<^ 

comply'd with the French Demands : For 
they paffcd a Bill, that had in it, more 
Inveteracy, than any former Hardihip ; 
which was called the Schifm £iU, the 
Severity whereof^ was to take Place on the 
I ft Day oiJuguJi 1714. 

The Symptoms of Danger to the Pro- 
teftant Succeffion, occafioned (on the ^th 
of^pr'i! 1 714) a hot Debate in the Houfe 
of Lords, upon the State of the Nation, 
where the Qiieftion propofed, was, Whe- 
ther the Proteftant Succeffion was in Dan- 
ger, under the prefent Ad minift ration, or 
not ? But it was carry'd in the Negative, 
by y6 againft 64. 

In the Debate of this Quefiion, there 
happened forae Arguments about the State 
of the Nation, more fmart and folid, than 
any, that had before been urged, and there- 
fore they merit a fpecial Remembrance ; 
viz. ThcEarl of >^7/^/e/9' faid. That when 
he came into the Houlc, he thought, indeed, 
the Proteftant Succeffion to be in Danger ; 
but not from any Quarter, but from France : 
But that after he had heard, wliac many 
Noble Lords had alledged, againfc the Mi- 
nifters, and no Anfwer offered co confute 
it, either by the Minifccrs ihcmfelves, or 
their Friends, he could not but believe, that 
the 



1 90 Free 'Fnrlianients, &cc. 

the Succcffion was in Danger, under fuch 

an Adminiftration. 

- His Lordftiip alfo endeavoured to Clear 
himfelf, for having had a Share in fonae 
late Tranfaclions : I own ( faJd he) I 
" gave my Confent, to the Ceffation of 
" Arms ; for which 1 take Shame to my- 
" felf, and ask God, mv Country, and my 
*' Confcience, Pardon : But however, this 
" Fault I did not commit, 'till that Noble 
" Ijord ( turning to Lord Treafurer Ox- 
" ford ) had affured the Council, That the 
" Peace would be Glorious and Advanta- 
" gious, both to Her Majefty, and her 
" Allies : yidd'uig. That as the Honour 
*' of his Sovereign, and the Good of his 
" Country, were the Rule of his Actions ; 
" ib he had no Rcfpcd ofPcrfons: And 
" when he found himfelf Impofcd on, he 
" durft purfue an Evi! Minifter, from the 
'* Queen's Clofet to the Tower, and from 
" the Tower to the Scaffold. " 

' The Lord Treafurer {Oxford) was fo 
wounded with this Bolt, Ihot by One who 
had believed, and was mif-led by him, 
that he laid afide his former Bouncing Epi- 
thets {Glorious and ^dva/3fiJgious ) , and 
dwindled into meiw Shifts^ frying, " The 
'* 'Feace was as Glorious and jidvantagwus 
" as could be ej:pc6ted, confidering the 
" NeceJTity 



i 



r 



Free ^arliamentSj &c. ip^' 

Necejjity of Afmin^ and the ContradU 
"".Bkn^ the Queen's Minifters, had met 
" with, both at Home and Abroad. " 
It is probable, he would have had the 
Lords believe that NeceJ^ty and ContrH' 
d'tBlon had caufed the Minifters to Give 
away to the Kncmy the Prize Contended 
for ; I mean, Sfais^ and the fVep-I/idJesj 

To which mean and infipid Eic' 
feveral Lords replied, " That no Minifters 
" ever had it, in their ^ower, to make lb 
" Honourable and Advantagious a '^eace, 
" as the Queen's Minifters had : That 
" there never was any Ntcefftly to Dii^ 
" place the ViBorhus General, or to make 
" a CefJ'iit'mi of jirms : Neither had the 
*' Miniiters met with CotJtrad'ici'wn, either 
" at Home, or Abroad ; but fuch Contra^ 
" diLiioiiSy as endeavour'd to hold them 
" back, from yielding iyjain and the ^9y?- 
" hidkito the Houfe of £o«rW; which was 
" an Ad, beyond all Example, Inebrious 
" and Dangerous. " And the Duke o^ A gyle 
( who had lately returned Home from i'urt 
Mahone through France^ where he had ob- 
ferved, the Marks of a General Defolation), 
added, " That there could be no Necejjity^ 
" to Conclude a Peace^ lb precipitately, 
" or to quit the Prize, to a Prince, whofc 
" Dominions were exhaufted of Men, 
" Money, and Provifions ; and which the 
" Mini- 






\^i Free 'Parliaments ^ Sec. 

" Minifters fully knew ; or elfe they were 
" fit for nothing, but for what they per- 
*' formed, viz. To make i'uch a Peace^ 
" as would be Inglorious and D'l/advanta- 
*' giouj. " 

Thus were the Minifters publickly 
Charged and Arraigned with Folly^ Fiilainyy 
and Knituery., to their Faces. And tho' 
the Motion, about the Danger of the Pro- 
teftant SucceiTicn, was rejected ; yet the 
Lord Hallifax moved, on the fame Day, 
for an Addrefs^ To Remove the Pretender 
out of Lorrain : And Lord fVharton ad- 
ded, j^nd to have a Proclamation, fromi/ing 
a Reward to j^ny, that would Apprehend 
him^ Dead, or Alive : And Duke Bolton 
added, And that the Rezvard might hefuit- 
able to the Importance of the Service. 

Thefe Motions were carried in the 
Affirmative; but with thefe enervating 
Mitigations, propofed by the Lord North 
afjd Grey, and Lord Trevor^ viz. " That 
" the Reward fhould be, in cale the Pre- 
*' teTsder Landed, or Attempted to Land j 
" and that the Proclamation fhould ilTue, 
" when the Queen fhould judge it necef- 
" fary. " Theic Mitigations were Car- 
ried. 



Free TarliamentSj &c. 15)3 

To this Addrefs^ the Queen gave ( on 
Monday the nth of Afrii 1714) this Crols 
and ReBefting Anfwcr, T'hat it -would be 
a Real Strengthening to the SucceJJton, iii the 
Houfe of Hanover, ;/ au End -were pit to 
thofe groiindlejj Fears and Jealonjies^ -which 
had been itiduftmujly promoted; meaning, 
by thofe Addreffing Lords, and their trou- 
blefome AddrelTcs. 

And as to the T^roclamatsony Her Majefty 
faid, She did not^ at that ttme^ fee any Oc- 
cafwnfor it ; but whenever She judged it to 
he Necujfaiy^ She would give Orders for hav^ 
itig one IJpted. 

It is obfcrvable, That none of the Lords, 
but the Zealots for Hanover^ attended the 
Delivery of this jiddrefs ; and therefore,' 
the Refledion, for Fears and Jedtuufies^ 
■which Her Majefty call'd Groundlefs^ was 
leveU'd at them, and at them only. The 
Zealot Lords took this Dry Anjv:er^ abotrt. 
Lorrain^ and the Proclamation^ as a fia(l 
Denial, and were, at that time, well enougI|^ J 
pleafed ; becaufe they privately knew, it.f 
would, at this time, fcafonably Increafe an^ 
Jttfiify thofe their Fears and Jealoufic^J 
For on the very Day before, viz. in th* j 
Evening of 5tfWJv the iiih of Jpril lyi^A 
Baron SchutZy Envoy Extraordinary ti*ein 
O the 



Ip4 P^^^ 'Parliaments, Sec. 

the Court of Hdnouer, had Convened thd 
L Xealot Whig Lords and Gentlemen to the 

"ord Halifax's Houfc in fVeJiminJlery and 

here laid before them his Orders from 
ifhe Electoral Prince, His Royal Highnefi 
\ George j^uguji lis Vivkc oi Cambridge, (and 
Liiot from his Father, the Ele^or ), to De- 
fmand of the Qiteen, a iffiltit Of ©limttiantf, 
[ to Call Him (the Duke o^ Qwibr'tdge') to 
'his Seat in this prefent Parliament ; and 
I alfo the Form of a 'Tetit'iou^ to be deliver'd 
, to the Queen, for that Purpofe. 

At which, the Surprize and Joy of tha 

fWhig Lords were equal ; but thofe Lords 

Miaving received fo many Repulfes, thejr 

fadviied the Baron to lay afide the Petition 

to the Queen ; apprehending, that Her Ma- 

Meftywou'd (as certainly ftie wou'd) ejthef 

F diredly Deny the Writ,or Reject, Delay, or 

LEIude the Petition j and therefore they ad-i 

rviled the Baron, to apply to the Lord Chan- 

f fcellor Hanoiirty and Demand of him, rhrf 

yfVr'it of Summons, as being the proper 

I Officer to caufe the fame to be Made out, 

lAnd Delivered ; For which Proceeding, this 

Fjleafon was then given j That if the Lord 

, Chancellor Refilled to Deliver the Writ, 

-the Houfe of Lords, then fitting, had a 

rjiirifdidion and Power, to Enquire into, 

and immediativ Cenfure, the Denial, and 

(o Order the Writ to be Made out, and 

Deli- 



idl 

tnfl 

-ft ■ 



r 



Free 'Parliaments j Sec. ip^ 
l)elivercd. But the fudden Tranlport and 
Joy of thofe Lords, fo convened, caiifed 
(hem to forget, that Baron Schutz might 
have done both ; viz. "if the Queen were 
Averie, he might immediately reibrt to the 
Lord Chancellor, and make the Demand. 

However, the Lords, wifely, dire£ted 
the Baron, to keep his Orders ftriftly fccret^ 
and to appear at Court the next Day, when 
the Lords were to wait on, and prelent to 
the Queen, their Addrefs about the Procla- 
matiotJy and the Removing the Pretender 
iDUt of Lorrain ; and to apply himfelf to the 
Lord Chancellor, ( as in Private, and in a 
Corner) and acquaint him, That He (the 
Baron) had a MefTage to his Lordlhip, 
from Hamver ; and that he defired an 
Hour, when he [hould Wait on, and Dc^ 
liver it to him. 

The Lord Chancellor (like a true 
Courtier) told the Baron, He Ihould be 
proud, to receive any Meflage from his 
Court ; and appointed that very Atternoonj 
between Five and Six, to receive it, at his 
Houfe in Line olns- Inn Fields. 

When the Baron came, and ( after fome 
Compliments ) told his Lordftip, That he, 
by Order of His Highnefs the Duke ip/* Cam- 
bridge, did requeft his Lordfliip, to Make 
O 2 out, 



It 



J 



1 



ijj^ free 'Parliaments^ Sec. 

["out, and Deliver to him, the Writ for thtf 

Duke ; the Lord Chancellor was, at firfl-j 

ouch fuiprizcd : But after a ftiort Paufe. 

asked the Baron, Whether the Matter 

fitiad been opened to the Queen ? To which 

tthe Baron anfwering, No ; His Lordlhip 

Lfaid, T'his Demand is uf fitch IviportamCy 

^hat I can do nothing in tty 'till I have the 

^iecn's Direcliom ; and I will forshivith 

I ficquaint Htr Majefty with it : But laying 

his Hand on the Baron's Shoulder, defired 

■ him to remember, He did not rcfitfe the 
[fi'rit. To which the Baron fmartly re-'' 

■ plied, and defircd his Lordfhip to remem- 
He had requejied of kim^ the Writ for 

he Duke e/" Cambridge. 



^ Cabinet Council was inftancly Called, 

[ find Sate that Evening from Nine of the 

Clock 'till after Eleven ; where the Queen, 

being prefent, had the Difappointmcnt, to 

liee all her New Champions, for Carrying 

■ on her Meafures, want Courage to Deny 

\ the Writ ; but in Room of it, to reprefent 

t to Her Majefty, That the Writ could not 

l^e Denied ; and, probably, they infmuated, 

"That Power was mt^jet^ at hand, to Juftify 

the Refufal. Which DefHion had fuch 

an accidental and unexpeiled Influence on 

' Her Majefty's Perfon, as fubjedled her to J 

* an Infirmity, that could not be removed • 

-for, at the End of Three MonChs and Nine-' 



Free 'Parliaments^ &cc. ip/' 
Ken D^ys, She Demifed. But, upon the" 
Minifters Shrinking, the M'V// was Ordered 
ito be Made out, and Delivered ; and it was . 
pelivered to Baron Schutz^ on Saturday thd 
17th of j^j>ni 1714. 

This Demand being the next Day 
C 'Tmfdiiy ) whifpered in the Court of Re- 
qiiefts, call fuch a Damp on all the Zealots i 
for the Qiieen's Meafures, that they could I 
not hinder their Dejeifted Countenances, and"! 
Faltring Tongues, from betraying their In-. 
Ward Concern, and Deep Conilcrnacion. 

'ths Minijiers had the Vexation to fee, 
on the four next Days, viz. Wednefday^ j 
7'brn-fdiiy, Friday^ and Saturday, the Street,. J 
tall'd Pali-Mall, crouded with a vaft Con-I 
courfe of Coaches, and Multitudes of People, I 
to Congratulate Baron Schiitz, and MonC 1 
Krynenberg (at whofe Houle the Baroal 
iodgc-d ), upon the Demand of the ^V/Yjl 
and the Hopes of the fpeedy Arrival of the | 
Duke of Cambridge : That, although the I 
Writ was, at the End of five Days, vi^^_ i 
on Svitarday the 17th of June 1714, Deli- | 
ver'd to Baron Schutz 5 yet the Qtieen^, i 
in her Anger, to fee the People, fo gene-1 
rally, run to worfhip the Rifing Sun, caufejl 
Baron Schutz, on the next Day, being 
Sunday the i8th of Jpr'i I 1714, to be forbid 
the Court j and Injunilions to be laid on all 
O 3 her 



tpS free ^arUamntSy S^c. 

Jier Minifters, Not to have any Intcrcc 
or Corrcfpondcncc with him : And 
Miniftcrs gave out this Pretence for 
Outrage, viz. Becaufe the Baron had 
manded the Writ of the Lord Ghana 
without having firft acquainted Her 
jefty with his Orders, ?ind applying tc 
for it. 

I^owe ver, the Joy of the Demand o 
Writj and the Hopes of feeing a Pj 
of the Royal Proteftant Blood, in £«§ 
fpread to the fartheft Thatcht Ale-h 
in England J Scotland^ and Ireland ; w 
made a Dif covery of fuch Number 
Well-aflfefted People, as afforded to 
Zealots for Hanover^ a vaft Comfort ; 
to the Zealots for the contrary Meafi 
an equal Dread and DiflraAion. 

There's no Doubt but the Minifters 
ply'd, at this time, to France^ for A3 
ance, and received an agreeable Anfv 
But at that time, the French King 
engaged to attend the Negotiations 
Rajiadt^ in regard the Peace with the 3 
pcror was not yet Concluded. But, doi 
leis, that Potentate promifed. That asl 
as that Peace, was finilhed^ and his Ha 
unty'd, he would march his Forces to 
Frontiers hext England : Whiph would j 
the Minifters, and their Friends, fuffic: 



I . 



IFr^ 'Parliaments^ &c. \^i^ 
I*ife and Encouragement. But the Urgency 
of the Cafe, was. That if the Duke of 
Cambridge Ihould forthwith Land, as he , 
ffight, and as the People expeded \ the Mi- , 
9ift ' ----- 

con 
woi 



l?iftcrs Mealures would be lirft Intirely dlf- 
ftoncerted, and then the French Ailiftancc J 
I wou'd come uufeafonably. 



7he Minlflers^ therefore, could find no i 
other Memts to remove their Fears, and tc* 
obviate the Difappointment, than to Viohti 
Free Parliaments ; which they forthwith! 
undertook, and effcGed : For, on the i 
i^xhoiM^iy 1714, being within one Month 
after Baron Schutz was forbid the Court^ '1 
the Minifters, in the Queen's Name, fcnt'* 
three Imperious Letters to Hunover^ alf J 
iigned with Her Majefty's own Hand. 



Oue of which Letters was dircfted to he» | 
I Royal Highnefs the Princefs Sophia-, iif ^ 
|which the Queen declared, " That Difaf- 

fefted Perlbns had entred into Meafures, 1 
I** to fix a Prince of her Highnefs's Blood, . 
in her Majefty's Dominions, even whilll * 
fhe was Living : That She (the Queen) fos . 
her PartjOever thought fuch a Pr(^eftcoul4 ( 
have cnter'd into her Highncfs's Mind;| 
' But now lhcperceived,her Electoral High- 1 

■ nefs was Come into that Sentiment ; and i 

■ therefore She (the Queen) Declared, That • 

O 4 ^' Ihth 



} 



2O0 Free ^arliamentSj Sec. 

** Juch a Proceeding would hfaUibly En^ 

*' da/iger ihe SuccefTion idclf." 

Another of thefe Letters was DireSed to 
* liis Highnefs the Elector ofBri/»/wick:,zj\d 
in that it was Declared, " That it his Elec- 
*' total Highnefs's Son, (the Duke o{Cam~ 
" bridge) prdum'd to Come within the 
** Queen's JEftates, (j. e. Her Dominions) 
** She would Oppofe him with aU hci 
*' Power." 

- And the third Letter was Directed to the 
Eledoral Prince, (then Duke o{ Cambridge)^ 
jnd therein it was Declared to him, " Thut. 
I* his Defign of Coming into her Majefty's 
? Kipgdoms, ought to be firft Opened to 
*' Her, and to have had Her PermiflJon j 
** And that therefore, nothing could be more 
*' Dangerous to the Right of Succejfwn in his 
/' i/fiiT, than fuch a Proceeding;" (meaning 
I ^is Proceediiig to take his Seat in Parliament.) 

And thefe three Letters were acconv 

pany'd with one from tlie Prime Miniftcr, 

, direOed to his Eledoral Highnefs : In which 

} tnay be fecn a Heap of Words, chofen, to 

tncan nothing. I'hefe of them are uncom- 

, men : (/ dviihf vut hut the j^ccidtnt th.it 

I happened about the ffrit may be Improved^ 

[■^ her safe the moji perfe ft Friendjhip between 

fhe ^L-a/y and your mojl Serene Family). 



I 



i 



Vree Parliament Sj Sec, lor 
But what this Poliiic'ian meant by the Words 
{jiccident^ Improved^ and Increafe) no-body 
but himfelf could underfl-and ; for doubclels 
all the three Letters were of his own Com- 
pofing, or at leaft Advifing r And therefore 
his own Letter, endeavouring to ObJcure, 
and make Ambiguous the Queen's, could 
favour of nothing, but Chicanery, and that 
he meant to deal with the Houfe ofHanoter, 
as he had done with the Emperor. 

All thefc Letters, being of a Surprizing 
Nature \ it is material to obferve, what 
may be inferr'd from and prov'd by them : 
And in order to that, it muft be remcmbcr'd, 
that the Queen did, in Othher 1706, Els^i 
the Eleitora! Frince of Hmover^ to be a 
Lord of Parliament, and, by Letters-Patent 
under the Great Seal, Created him Duke of 
Cambridge. 

That Her Majefty gave the Royal AfTent 
to the Afts of Parliament following ; -viz. 
to an Ad", in her firil Year, To make it 
High Treafon, to Endeavour, by an Overt 
KQi or Deed, to Deprive or Hinder the 
Priucefs Sophia, or the next Perfon in Suc- 
ceflion, after her Death, from Succeeding 
to the Crown. And to an Acl in her fourth 
Yc^r^To Ni'fnraiJze the Duke of Cambridge 
by Name, which made him Adually and 
Exprcfsly (and not by Implication) a Free- 



4 



I 



?oi Free Parliaments, Sec. 

man of England. And to an Ad in her 
tenth Year, To give Precedence to the Duke, 
by Name, in all Places, (including the 
Parliament) before all the other Subjefts of 
BriUtln i and in the fame Year made the 
Duke a Knight of the Garter. By all whi(:h 
Publick Ad>8, and by the Fundamental 
(Zonftitution of Parliament, his Highnefi 
the Duke of Cambridge^ had an Undoubted 
Right, to Demand, and have, his Writ of 
Summons, and to Enjoy his Privilege, and 
Seat in Parliament. 

It muft be remember'd , That Magna 
Charta Reftrains the Crown from Dlflcizing 
any F>eeinan of England (much lefs a 
Duke) of his Freehold or Privileges, ( ;. e. 
from Divefting or Taking from him tu* 
Free-hold or his Legal Privileges). 

The Statute of the Seventh of King 
Edwtird the Firfl, Declares, That the 
Crown is bound, by its Prerogative, to pro- 
tect the Parliament from all Force and 
Yiplence. 

And that by the Statute of 38th of King 
Edward the Thirds Anm 1364, It is De- 
clared, That the King is hound.^ by hh Co- 
yonatkn Oath^ to Oblerve, and to Govern 
according to the Laws of the Land. 

Thefe 



1 

I 



Free Parliament s. Sec, loj 

Thefc Letters (and the Rage of them) 
fhcrefore, furnilh abundant Matter to proyq 
fhele Things ■ viz. 

\ I. That the Demand of the Writ of 
■ gunimons did not Create^ but Precipitate the 
pifcovery of that Bitter Animofity againft 
the Houfe of Hjnover, which lay con- 
ceal'd j and that this Animofity and daring 
Eoldncfs, expreiTcd in the Letters, was 
founded on ibme Secret Power at hand to 
Execute what was Agreed, and to Maintain 
the Juftice of a Spimge : For who could de- 
icrve greater Punifliment, than Thofe who 
had voluntarily advanced Money, to Carry 
qn fuch a War, and Delighted in fuch Vic- 
|ories ? And what Reafon, in fuch a Cafe, 
would have been heard, to Queftion th? 
Juftice of fuch Proceedings ? 

a. The Minifters did, by the faid Letters, I 
endeavour to Subvert and Violate Fre<! Par- 
tuiments, becaufe the Taking away, or En- 
feebling of any Principal Part, brings a 
Lamenefs and Deformity upon the whole 
Body, and at laft confounds it. 

3. That there was Entertain'd and Agreed 
on, a LurJting Projeci to Endanger the Pro- i 
teftant Succeflion, anj that the Minifters J 
depended on '■To-^er at hand to Support 'em 



to4 F^^^ 'Parliamemsj Sec. 
in the Execution ; for their whole Nego- 
tiations were Secrets : and this Projcft is 
(very near to Demonftration) proved by the 

Coldnefs which appears in the Article of the 
Treaty, for Securing the Snccellion to the 
Houle of Hj)iove}\ and by the Biiternefs of 
the Queen's Letters, which had never been 
fo daringly exprefs'd, if the Minifters had 
expeded ever to fee a Prince of Hamver^ 
Sit on the Throne of Great Br'ttahi. And 
this Proof may be further Illuftratcd by the 
fPiirmth which the Enemy (now Reftored 
to his former Power) had, in his faid Circu- 
lar Letter, dated \r\ March 1707, fignify'd 
to the Neutral Potentates ; viz. That he 
had been long of Opinion, That his ^JJifting 
the Pretender "j:onU he for the General Good 
of Europe ; a>id that therefore he had 
Rqnipp'd at Dunkirk,' a Squadron of Ships, 
and Furii'ilh'd him with T'roofs^ to take'Tof- 
fijfion 0/' Scotland ; and that his hf^ifhes zvou/4 
be intirely y^ccomprijh' d. if Sttccejs on thai 
Efort, 'jhould he the Means of a Laji'trig 
Peace^Jb mceffary to Europe. 

4. And laftly, thefe Letters prove thefe . 
wo further -Deductions ; viz. 

I. That the MJnifters had dealt lb long 
in 7'reafoiHihh PraBices againft the Intereft, 
Power, Trade, and Free Parhamcnts of 
Britain, that they forgot, there was any 

fuch 



Free Parliaments, Sec. 105 
fuch Crime as 'Treafon ; efteemiiig That no 
Crime, which was like to find no Punifli- 
inent. J 

I, That the Dread and Confufion of the J 
(Malefadors, was InexprelTible, left the | 
^i)uke of Crtm^rit/o^c's Sudden Arrival (before I 
■the Peace at i4iJ/?fl(// was Concluded) Ihould 1 
write Difappointment, on all their Schemes, \ 
■and, perhaps, Purine, and Treat them asV 
Publick Enemies and Offenders. 1 

The Demand, therefore, of the Writ ofB 
.Summons, gave New Life to the Zealots I 
for Hanover^ and Diftraded the Zealots for I 
the Contrary Mcafures. 1 

In this Place, I think, I may, wlthouC^ 
Offence, take the Liberty to infcrt a fhort^ 
but material Piece of Hiftory, ■ to pre- 1 
vent the f'Vrong which the Author wouldB 
fuffer, if it ftiould be bury'd in Oblivion ;'l 
viz. That the Author of the BrltavmcK. ■ 
Conftitution, obferving, that the Qiiccn, by 
her Speech of the 6ih oi June ijii^ had 
treated the Securities, ihe had provided, for 
the Proteftant Siicceffion, with fuch Cold- 
ncfs and Indifference, as in all Probubilitv 
was Increas'd by Baron Bothmer's Afcmorial-, 
and (beinj^ a Zealot for the Hanover Snccef- 
lion) he formed in his Mind an Expedient, 
how to introduce into Eughuid^ a Prince of 
that 



ucceffion.* I 
id found ^ 



ioi Free TnrTiamentSy &c. 
that Houfe, Interefted in the Succeffiori.* J 
aiid reduced it into 'Writing, and found 
feMeans to convey his Thoughts to that 
Itourt ; for which End, he wrote to this 
ykScet; viz. 

' That he obferv'd. That the Queen had 

** exprefll'd Great Affeftion to the Succcf- 

•* fion, in the Houle of Hmivoer^ but had 

*' treated the SucceHion, to the Crown of 

" FrancBy in a more becoming and ferious 

-*' manner, infilling, that the Provifions, 

" flie had made to Secure that Succeflion, 

I *' were not Speculative, but Solid ; becauie 

r** the Perfons in France, to whom, that 

p' Crown was to belong, would be, (as her 

[ " Majefty was pleas'd to fay) Ready and 

I *' Powerful enough to Vindicate their owii 

'' Right," 

This Gentleman, therefore, argued, and 

l^rged, to the Houfe oi Ha)2ovei\ That if 

•the Qiieen and her Minifters did imagine, 

1 they had made fuch a ftrong Provifion, for 

■ the Succeflion, to the Crown of France ; 

■and if the Strength of that Security, fub- 

fifted on this Hypothefis, That the Perfons 

in France^ to whonij that Crown was to 

belong, wou'd be Ready and Powerful 

enough, to Vindicate their own Right ; 

that is, that that Readinefs and that Power, 

to Vindicate their Right, muft arife, from 

their 



i 



Free Parliaments^ Sec. io^ , 
Iheir Poffeflion, and from their Prefcncej ' 
©n the Spot in France, to lay immediate 
ifold on the Crown fo foon as it Demis'di 
;nd to Vindicate their Right to it : And 
that, if that Way of Reafoning was Clear 
■nd Convincing, (as her Majefty AfTertcd)" 
in Relation to the Succefllon lo the French 
Crown, it was equally lb, in Relation to 
the Succeilion to the Brltijh Crown ■ (mean- 
ing, it was equally Reafonable, that thd 
Queen Ihonid provide, as Strong a Security - 
for the Siiccefiion to the Britijh Crown, , 
Jhe aflerted, ftie had provided for the Sue- \ 
ceffion to the Crown of Fiance.^ 

And therefore this Gentleman propofcd, 
That the Plenipotentiaries for Hanover i 
fliould, at Utrecht Congreis, infift, that an 1 
Amendment Ihould be made to the firft Ar- 
ticle of the Treaty, mention 'd in the Qiieen'* J 
Speech ; viz. That after the Words ; [if«/ \ 
to have an ^dditiofial Security by the Re-^ ' 
'moval of that Perfon out of the Dommmu of I 
France, who has pretended to Difinrh this i 
Settletneiit'] y thefe few Words fhould be,' 
added j \_j-/tiJ that Liberty be ^Ho-a;edy to i 
fuch Prince of the Hotfe cy"Hanover, to Re- 

_fide in England, as the Princefs Sophia J 

\fiiottld Dejire or j^point.'\ 

' Many were the Arguments, this Gentleman 
Pbrgcd, to flicw the Facility and Great Ufc 






loS fres 'Parliawents, &c. 

of this Expedient, and above all, tha^ n 

would pulh the Britifh Plenipotentiaries, 

t |o a Ncccfi'ity of pulling off the Mafque j 

flbr if they Oppos'd it, it would diipiove 

f the Queen's Speech : The News whereof 

f would Diftrefs the Minifters in England^ 

' where the People were, at that Time, viz. 

in jiugiip 171:, Tender of the Proteftant 

Succeflion, but were made to believe, that 

the Queen's good Intention?, towards that 

- Succeflion, were Real and Sincere. 

To which, this Gentleman received from 

the Court of Hanover^ Anfwers, intimating 

I ;that his Propofition, and the Arguments to 

Filipport it, were by that Court efteem'd, to 

-be of Grand Importance, and much V'alu'd ; 

and therefore he was defircd to continue 

the Corrcfpondencc, promifivg Returns for 

the Service : By which he, with theGreateft 

Pleafure, apprehended himfelf to be Engaged^ 

^the Service of that llluftrious Houfe, and 

hey to him ; and therefore he caft out all 

FjDoubts, whether the Returiu^ promifed for 

1 Service fo much wanted, and fo iincom- 

, would be fuitable or not. 

|j But the Objeiaions which the Miniftefs 
\inade, were, How can this be done by Us? 
\Jt ihouid be done by Great Britain^ and 
ll-her Minifters. And many other Difficulties 
were raifcd, too long to repeat j where- 
upon I 



r 

■ Free ^arliamentSj Sea 2 op 
I upon the Coiiefpondence ceas'd for near 

■ one Year. 

I' ^ 

mm 



But in &ptemher 1713, when all Mens ' 
Minds were engaged, in the Eledions for i ] 






New Parliament, this Gentleman received A J 
fi'effi Requeft, from Monficur Leibnitz, t 1 
Minifter of the Court oi Hatiover, convey'd I 
to him by Dodor Brandjhagen, defiling H 
him to refumc his Thoughts, of finding j 
Means to Introduce a Prince of Hamver^ I 
into Englandj alledging, That there had j 
Arifen a Cloud over their Succefliohj thro' , 
.which they could not fee^ 

This Service was, at this Time, and id ' 
March 1 7-f|, become Dangerous j for the 
Spirit and Power of the Briujh Court, by J 
the Peace lately made with France arid I 
Spuin, and by the immediate View of tinifh-* 
ing the Treaty between France and tht! i 
Emperor at Rafiadt^ was very much elated, 
and become Terrible : However, the Gentle- 
man being a Zealot, and Engaged in thi 
Service of thellhiftrious Houlc of Hanover ^ 
advcntur'd his Head, and with Vigour, on 
the loth of O0Qber 171 3, and on the pth 
of March 1713, Advifed (as the laft Re- 
medy in an Acute DJfeale) the Strenuous 
Hemand of a fVrit of Summons for h\i 
Highnefi the Eleftoral Prince, to Call him, 
OS Duke of Cambridge, to his Seat in Par- 
liament. 



■^ 



^'i6 Free 'Parliaments^ &c. 
, lianiciit, or elfe all would be loft ; for the 
French Power would in a few Months be at 
hand, to Execute what had been Agreed : 
And what that was, the Sufpicion was be- 
come General. 

And for that Purpofe, this Gcntlemai 
L lent to Hanover^ the Form of a Petition, to 
,'l)e prefented to Her Majefty, Requeuing 
, Her to Grant that Writ of Summons: And 
t.'allb fcnt Arguments to Explain the Demand, 
.■urging, that the Granting the Writ, was a 
Matter of Right, and not of Grace and Fa- 
vour ; and that the Demand would be ac- 
company'd, with the Force and Energy of 
.the whole Conftitution, and Laws of£w^- 
§%nd i and confequently would appear to 
.be a Demand that was undeniable. 

This Advice was taken and purfued, and 
■the Legality and Force of the Demand was 
, -found to be irreliftible j for no Man (no, 
■ not the fierceft Zealots againft Hanover) 
', ~'durft Hand up to Oppofc it : And the Qiieen 

'herfelf, being prelent in Council, faw Her 
L moft Affuming Minifters Shrink, and give 
"*Way to the only Demand, chey fcar'd, and 

"therefore hated. 



The Secrecy of the Advice, and the; 
l^Unexpeflednefs of the Demand, was, what; 
*moft troubled the Minifters ; for all thi 
Zealoi 



dto 



theJ 

otal 



Free ^arliamentSj Sec. 1 1 1 
Zealotsfor Hanover, Commended the Effort, 
and Affifted in it ; but cjch of them, juftly, 
Pi/bwn'd, Giving the Advice, notwith- 
ftanding theiMerit of-Uic Service wasown'd 
to be Eminent : TJie Miiiifters therefore 
began to fuipeft Dne, anoilier ; and Mr. 
'fho. Hurhy^ (a Ktnfman and Agent of thd 
Prime Minifter) tho' he had been a confide- 
rable Time at Hmovtr^ could make no Dif* 
covery of the Correiijondcncc, nor could i 
find what Steps were taken at that Court, i 
in Concert with their Friends in Englaiidy 
towards Vindicating their Right to the Suc- 
cefiion, or Revenging the Affronts and In- 
juries done i0 the Duke oi Camhriifge. 

The other Part of the Cabal, who groaned J 
under Earl Oxford's Overbearing Condiid, j 
laying all Circumftauces together, raifed 1 
from Tlicni, an Untrue ImpiUation, and I 
pofTefTed the Qiieen with an Opiniou, ThaC | 
no Man could be Aothor of fuch ^Stinging ' 
Advice, but thelnfcnitableMinifter, (lord 
Treafurer Oxford)^ as if he were nv^king 
(at their Expence) his Peace atHjuover^ I 
and the Queen fearing, and Believing ir, 
deliver'd him up to tlicir Difpofition : And 
they Affronted and Delpifed him, and with 
Contempt turn'd him out, no Man Pitying , 
him, but all Rejoycing to fee him ftripp'd 
of -all Employments. 

P s This 



Hi Free ^arliamenlSy Sec, 



ThisUnparallel'd Statefman^who had, t 
Groundlcfs and Unjuft Afpcrfions, procur*3 
Marlborough, (the Greatcft Hero of tb' 
World) to be Difgrac'd, found himfelf, ' 
the like untrue Calumnies, Supplanted an 
Difgraced ; according to the old Axiom 
Nee Lex Junior ulh^ quam Artijkem Necis~ 
Arte perirs Ju4. 

The Fafts of this Gentleman's Corrcfpoti- 
dence will appear in the Appetidix peripi- 
cijoufly. 

f It was a memorable Part which the Em^ 
peror, in thefe Diftrafted Times, afted; 
for in Regard Britain had affertcd. That 
the Utidoubted Prerogative of its Crown had 
Authorized the Unprecedented Proceedings, 
before Rehearfed, His Imperial Majefty, ia 
his Turn, Exercifed his Undoubted 'Prero- 
gative, and Exprcflcd his Difdiun and Re- 
fentment againft the £^/;//& Plenipotentiaries, 
for Changing Sides, and Joining with the 
Haughty Enemy, to Compel Him (the£^«- 
feror) to take what that Enemy Carved ; 
as being Efforts of Unfaithful Friends, who 
are ever the worfl: of Enemies : For which 
Rcalbns, he would not fo much as Endure 
their Prefence, at the Place (^Rajladt) where 
his Conferences with the Enemy, were 
Carry'd on with the utmoft Secrecy : And" 
alcho' i 



r 



Free S^arliamentSj Sec. z \ 5 

altho' this AfFront, was a Difhonour to the 
Queen, thaC fmarted to the Bone, yet the 
New Ally ftood Mute, and Winked, and 
perhaps Smiled, at Her being after the Se- 
paration, fo Infulted ; Which Difdain of 
the Enemy afforded to the Emperor fome 
Alleviation, and the Double Indignity, af- 
forded to the Duke Qi Marlborough ^ a fen- 
fiblc Pleafure, to fee what he affcrted, veri- 
fy'd ; viz. That the Minifters Unjuft, and 
Inglorious Condud, would render the Engr- 
lijh Name, not only Odious in other Na- 
tions, but even in Frame itfelf Contemp- 
tible, 

This Exclufion, of thefe his Secret Ene- 
mies from Rafiadt, gave the Emperor Time 
to Defer the Conclufion of the Peace with 
France^ for one Year and fix Months ; viz. 
till about the 16th Day of ^h^^/? 1714. 
Before which Time, his Imperial Majefty, 
had the further Pleafure to fee his Unfaith- 
ful Friends, Difgrac'd and Stripp'd of the 
Power, they had fo pernicioufly Exercifed. 

HI But to return to the State of the Nation, 
~^rom which I made this Digreffion, I think 
I may juftly make this Conclufion ; That 
Providence made, the Demand of the Wr'ii 
of Summons^ the ^tnng to Caufe the Queen 
and her Minifters to Review and Ruminate, 
not only on the Dcfperate Steps, They had 
^K P 3 takcp 



taken to Violate J^vf? ParViammts^ and _ 
thera ihe R'ightiuf the Duke ^ CambridgiJ 
ibm their own Indufiry, to Transfer intt 
the Enemies Hands, together with Spam -avA 
the hidra, the Power and Trade of thfl 
'World. 



- Tlic Gonte-mplation therefore of theft 
violations ot Free Parliaments, produc'd 
thdfe Dii'-ii'der5, Jcaioufies and Confufions 
til Court ; in which the Queen Expired, and 
vitli Her ttie Cabal ; and the whole Ma- 
chine of the Confpiracy, fell to Pieces, and 
a ffolc was made in the Bag, thro' which 
the Sc-Tct Meafures, yet unexecuted, dropt 
;»-into Perdition ; and the Proteftant Succeffion 
'tappily took Place on the iirft Day of 
jiugnfl 1 7 14, juft twenty-fix Days before 
.the Peace with the Emperor, was fign'd at 
Hapiult (alias Baden) : By which Peace, the 
.Hands of Frcrnce were Unty'd, and fct at 
Liberty to furniih the Queen with Power 
■and AJTiftance (if Jlie pleas'd) to Execnte 
what file had fecreily Agreed on, (altho' it 
were to Appoint her Sviccdibr): But Thanks, 
.be to God, this Power Coming too late, wa^ 
^■^f no Signification. 

The Queen's Demife gave the People^ 
(who Delighted in Victory ,and in the To 
rent of it, againft Fratsce^ and in the Prote- 
ilaiit SucccfllonJ a Joj^ that was Uniyernii j 

' ''■ ■ fop 



fofj 



I Free ^arliamentSy &c. 215 

■ for her Majefty left nothing behind her, but 
I the Miferable Remembrance ai Dotage^ in 
J the laft four Years of her Reign ; which Do- ■ 
P tage conliilcd of Two Grand Particulars : J 

I. Of that bad Ule that had been madM 
of the long Series ot Succefs and VidoryJ 
which Providence gave to this Nation, and J 
which had given to Her Majefty's MinifterjLj 
Power to have done Greater Things, (eipe^Jl 
cially for the Benefit of Trade) than any ' 
former Age, had ever afforded, 

3. Of that View which was left to Brit^l 
$ons of the Unequal Balance of Power whichfl 
had been fixed in the Crown of Frame, and I 
»the Dread of it, which was once Crnfti'd j J 
but the Minifters Raifed, and left it, to bel 
,a Terror to Britain, and an unkind Legacy * 
f Jo the Protcftant Succeflbra. 

Thefe two Inftances cannot be made In^ j 
telligible, without a Ihort Recapitulation ofl 
what is before related, but I forbear Pro-.J 
lixity : But if Men would refleft on the J 
SiAic oi: Jiiitaiii, before related, with Indif- 1 
fercnce, they would fee that iheNation waftj I 
at the Queen's Demife, left in a nioft Uneafy J 
and Pcrplex'd Condition; ftruggling under aj 
Load of Debts,and under a Balance of PoweJ 
' po heavy for it fingly to contend ; and ir» 1 
P 4 Poiny 



1 \ 6 Ptee 9^ariiattteKtSt Sec. 

Point of Reputation, undei the Grcatd 
Diiparagcmcnt. 

j^nd having thus reprejented the many 
Violations of Parliaments in former Reigns^ 
I think I may conclude. That the Contem- 
plation of them, was the Caufe of making 
thofe Numerous Laws, fince the Revolution, 
to Reftore and Secure the Freedom and In- 
dependancy of the Houle of Commons j 
which X ftiall but juft mention. 

For Free Parliaments are fo much Ido- 
lized by the People, that Care was taken ad 
the Revolution, in 1688, to infert thrc<^ 
. Articles in the Bill of Rights, to declare the* 
■ Cpaftituiion of Parliaments j viz. 

I. That Eleftions of Members of Parlia- 
' mvnt ought to be free. 

That Freedom of Speech, and Debates 
* fc Parliament, ought not to be Impeached 
or Queftioned, out of Parliament. 

5. That Parliaments (/. e. New Parlla- 
' ments) ought to be held frequently. 

But becaufe this laft Claufe was kidu- 
ftrioufly mifconftrued, to mean Frequent 
Seflions of the fame Parliament, and not 
Frequent 



» 



Free IParliaments, 6cc. 217 

Frequent Eleftions of New Parliaments, an 
Explanatory A& was made, 

6° W. & M. cap. a. Wherein it is De- 
J dared, That Frequent and New Parlia- 
I jnents Tend, to the good Agreement of King 
I and People : And therefore it is Enattcd, 
V.That no Parliament fhould have Gdhti- 
I nuance, longer than three Years. 

And in order to Clear and Render free 
and inflexible, the Houfe of Commons, It 
was Enaftei by the Statute of 7 W. 3. cap. 4. 
That every Perfon, that gives any Frcfcnt, 
or Promifcs to give any Prefent or Reward 
to any Ek£tor, or to or for the Ufe or Be- 
nefit of any ^o-wn of Ele^ors^ in order to be 
Elefted, Jhall be Dijahkd to Sit or Vote in 
Parliament. 

But the Jcaloufy and Care of that Parliai- 
ment, which Limited the Crown to the Pro- 
teftant Houfe of Hanover^ was fo Intent 
and Zealous to fceep the Houfe of Com- 
mons Free and Unbyafs'd, as Exceeded all 
their PredecclTors. For 

11 W. ^. cap. 2, One of the Articles pro- 
vided in the Settlement of that Succerfion, 
was. That no Perfon, who hath an Oflicc 
or Place of Profit under the King, or re- 
ceives a Pcnfion fiom the Crown, fliould 
be 



11 8 Tfte 'Pariiaments^ Sec, 

be Capable oi Serving, as a Member of the 
Houfc of Commons. 

This Parliament, either was a Free Par- 
iiamenty or elfc, one that Dciired to be 
Free : And yet this Important Ciaufe, was, 
by the Statute of 4 Jinne^ cap. 8. $. a^. 
Repealed, without rendring any Reafon, 
fave only tbefe obfcurc Words, viz. And 
it appearing reafcfiahky that the faid CltJufi 
jbottld be Repealed. 

Bnt to make that Repeal palatable, an- 
other Ciaufe was fubftituted, difabling any 
Member to Sit and Vote, who, after his 
Election, fliould accept an Office of Profit 
from the Crown. 

But this Provifion was weakened, by a 
Provifo, that maJics fuch Place-Members, 
capable of being Re-elefted. 

By the Statute of 6 Anne, cap. 7. ^. a j, 
idi. Every Perfon, having an Office hoMen 
in Truft tor him, or having any Penfion 
from tlic Crown, during Pleafure, is dif- 
abled to be clewed, or to fit and vote in the 
Houfe of Commons. 

And by the Statute of 1 Geo. i. cap. ^6. 
reciting the laft-mention'd Ad, it is, for 
Securing the Honour of the Hon(c vf Corih 



Fr^s Parliaments, Sec. a \ 9 

trtewsj Enaded, That no Perfon, having a 
Penfion from the Crown, for any Term or 
Number of Years, either in his own Name, 
or in the Name of any other, in Triift for 
him, or for his Benefit, fhall be capable of 
' being clewed, or of fitting and voting in 
the Houfe of Commons ; and a Penalty of 
ao /. jvf Diem is impofed on fuch as have 
fuch Penfion, and yet prefume to fit and 
YOt€ in that Houle. 

4. j^s to the ^th Confiderat'w}7, touching 
the Rcaibns why a further Law is yet ne- 
ceflary, to fupply the Defed of Evidence, 
and to maite effedual ihofe late Laws, to 
render Free^ the Houfe of Commons j 

It is remarkable, that the Statute of 
y fV'tll. cap. 4. ( tho' well intended ) pro- 
ved of no Signification, for want of pro- 
vidw^ Means or Evidence to prove the 
Fafts ; which that Statute made Offences j 
and a Remedy at Common Law, to punifli, 
with fome Stignrn^ the Offenders, that would 
make them Ignominious. The Impunity, 
therefore, made the Offenders think that 
no Fault, which was like to find noPuniih- 
nient, and, confcqucntly, made them Pre- 
iiimptuous J infomuch, that in the Latter- 
end of Elcdions, the Candidates, in many 
Places,frequcntly caufed Outcries to be made 
publickly, even in the Market-place, That 

if 




Z20 Fuf ^Parliaments, 8c c: 

if any Eledtor had not voted, he fliould 
have fuch a Sum of Money, if he would 
vote for the Giver. Thefe bare-faced la- 
fuUs called loud for Rcdrels ; and accord- 
ingly, a moft wholfome Statute was made, 
in the 2d Year of our Sovereign Lord, 
King George the Second \ whereby it is 
Enaded, That every Eleftor, before he 
gives his Vote, Jhall take an Oath, That 
he, or any other for him, hath not received 
or had any Money, or Rewardy nor any 
Promife or Security for any Money or Gift, 
in order to his Vote, at that Eleflion ; 
and that fuch Oath ( if falfc ) ftall be 
corrupt Perjury, and punifhcd as fuch ; 
and that every Perfon, conviftcd of fuch 
Perjury, Ihall never be capable to vote 
again, and, moreover, fhall forfeit joo /. 

It is, in like manner, remarkable, That 
the Statutes of 6^H«<r, and i Geo. I. which 
difabled Members, who have Offices holden 
in Truft, or who have Penfions, either at 
Pleafure, or for Years, to fit and vote in 
the Houfe of Commons, have proved en- 
tirely tifekfj and ineffhBual ; becaufe the 
Secrecy of the Fact, is Infcrutable ; And 
therefore, to make thofe Laws efFcftual, a 
Bill, in order to pafs into a Law, com- 
monly cali'd 'fhe 'Peripofj Bill, has been 
twice bioiight into the Houfe of Commons, 
providing, that every Member fliall take 



1 



I 

J 



Ffee ^arliamentSy 6cc. 221 
ah Oath, That neither he, nor any other 
for hinij hath any Penfion or Office, &c. 
nor will, during the Time of his being a 
JMcmber, accept of any Penfion, or other 
Gratuity or Reward, or any Office from 
the Crown, without fignifying the lame to 
the Houfc within fourteen Days ; And im- 
pofing great Penalties and Incapacities, for 
the 31reach of this, intended, Law. 

This Law ( if it had paflcd ) had fe- 
curcd to us a Free Houfi of Commons : 
However, it muft be rcmcmber'd, that, to 
the exceeding Honour of the Commons, it 
pafled that Houfe, in two feveral Seffions, 
without Oppofition. 

But by what Fate that Bill, which 
tended to cftabliih the Freedom and Inde- 
pendancy of the Houle of Commons, as 
an effcntial Part of the Fundamental Con- 
ftitution, came to mifcarry a fecond time, 
lies not within my Comprehenfion. 

However, the Fate of that Bill, turns 
Mens Minds to think of the Obligations 
which the Conftitution hath laid on each 
of the Three Eftatcs, to Alfent to Laws 
and Remedies, for Removing National 
Grievances ; efpccially, liich Grievances as 
tend to fubvert the Rights or Freedoms 
of any one of the other ClJ-Cf- And as 



a XI Free ^artitmients. Sec. 
to thofc Grievances, I may (as I think) 
iafirly put our Patriots in mind of certain 
Jnftances, to Redrefs Them, which do 
appear in our Ancient Laws and Statutes, 
to have been in Old Times pradiled j viz. 

I. As to the moft Kxcellcnt Eftate, or 
Supreme Governor : 

In the Statute De yf/porfafis Rel'tglo- 
forumy made 35 Ed. I. J^nm ijofJ, the 
National Grievance^ which the Commons 
then remonftrated to the King, was, That 
the Superiors of the Religious Orders of 
jiagafiineiy Benedidiiuesy and other Orders 
(being Aliens) aflumed a Church Domi- 
nion and Power to ImpoJ'e^ and ( by the 
Influence of the Bilhop of Rome ) did Im- 
fojh Taxes on the Monafteries, Priories, &c. 
in England^ and thereby Impovcrlfiied thofe 
Charitable Foundations, by drawing away 
the Revenues and Subftance of England, to ■ 
mamtain in Grandeny, Foreign Kcclefia- 
fticks i It was therefore, by this Statute, 
afferted, That King Edward the Firft was 
Obliged, ( the Words are, tit fenettir) as 
King, to give the Royal Affent. And His 
Majefty did accordingly give the Royal 
j^jffint^ to that Statute, which the Temporal 
Lords and Commons ( cxclufive of the 
Prelates) had Devifed, To Reitrain and 
Prohibit the Saiding Abroad (under Pre- 
text 



! 



» >■ 



» 



I 



Ff^ ^arliameHts, 6cc. 22 J 

text of Taxes fo Impofed ) the Monica 
and Riches of England. 

a. In the Statute o^PreoiJers^ made in the 
a_5th Year of the Renowned King Edwar4 
the'T'hirdy Anno 1351, the National Griev- 
ance^ which the Commons then remon- 
ftrated to the Crown, was, That the Bifhop 
of Rome had afliimed a Dominion, and 
Power, to D'lfpofe^ and did Difpofe^ of all 
the Ecclefiaftical Benefices, in England^ 
whereby Lay-Gentlemen ( who were Pa- 
trons ) were deprived of their Patronages ; 
which was an Ufurped Church Dominion, 
fufficiently Provoking : And therefore, it 
was exprefsly afferted by the Temporal 
Lords and Commons, That fince the Right 
of the Crown, { /. e. the Royal Truft ), 
and the Law of the Realm, is Juch, Thac 
when Mifchiefs and Damages happen to 
this Kingdom, the King ought , and is 
hoand, with the Affent of his People in Par- 
liament^ to make Remedy and Law, ( /. e. 
to give the Royal jfffent to fuch a proper 
Law ), to avoid the Mifchief and Damage, 
as his People, in Parliament, fliould C^eUifc 
OnD CljUtif. And this Great King Edward 
the T'hirdy did, in Execution of fuch his 
Regal Trul>, ^iw the Royal Jlifeiit to this 
-Statute, to Remove and Prohibit that 
Grievance. 



214 P^''^ Parliaments^ Sc€i 

3, In the Statute Ctf PreemunirSy made in 
the I (Sth Year of King Richard the Secofid, 
Anno i3p2, the National Grievance^ which 
the Commons then complained of, and 
reprefcnted to the Crown, was, That altho' 
all People ought to Sue, in the King's Court 
of Common Law, to Recover their Prelen- 
tations to Churches j and altho' the Bilhops 
are bound to make Execution of the King's 
Writs, upon Judgments obtained, to Re- 
cover fuch Prefentations, in regard, no Lay- 
Perfon cou'd Inftitutc to thofe Benefices : 
yet, of late, a Church Dominion had been 
ufurped, and Procefs had been made, by 
the Biihop of Rome, to Excommunicate 
fuch Biihops of England as made thofe Kxe- 
cutions : And that (Jommflli JTamc had 
made a Clamour, That the Biihop of Rome 
had purpofed to make CcfltlflatfOn? of Pre- 
lates, from one Bifhoprick to another, in 
JLvghfiiJ ', and of EngUjh Prelates from Eng- 
land, to Kiftopricks Abroad ; and of jiUea 
Prelates, to Bilhopricks in England. And 
from thence, the Commons urged. That the 
Crown, as well as the People of England^ 
muft neceilirily become lubjcft to the 
Church Dominion of the Biihop of iJoffw, 
and the EngUJh Laws depend on hh f^FiU and 
'Pleajure. Wherefore, the Commons declared^ 
They would be with the King, to Live 
and Die with him, againft all Attempts to 
Acquire 



\ 



■ Free ^arliamentSy &c. 225 

Acquire or Exercifc fuch Church Do- 
minion, 

Wjt The Commons therefore prayed the 

Kiting, and him required^ by way of Jufticc, 

To Enquire ( and Enquiry was made ) 

into the Sentiments, firft, of the Lords ^em- 

poral^ and next, of the Lords Spiritual^ 

Whether They would be with the King, 

or not, againft the Biihop of Rome ? To ■ 

which the Lords Temporal^ each for him- 

felf, anfwered fully in Parliament, That 

They would be with the Crown, ■with aU 

mJi^ir Power. But the {a) Lords Spiritual 

ml^viz. the Prelates) minced their Anfwet 

"with a Protejiando^ That it was not theii 

Intention to Deny, or Affirm, that the 

Biftiop of Kome may not Excommunicate 

"Engltjh Bifijops, nor that he may not make 

fuch fiLrailflationS of Prelates; and then' 

jejunely ( like Half-Subjects ) anfwered in ! 

Parliament, That if any Excommunications 

fliould be made for Executing the King's 

faid Writs, and if any Executions of fuch 

9'ranjlations fliould be made, fuch Pro^ 

cecdings would be againft the King an4 

kbis Crown. 



Ij^) Note, Thii -mti thi fiift rime that the SiHt e/Lordi 
■Spiritual TMH iivtn te ihipnlam. 



Ana 



Xz6 Free ^arlhmeniiy Sec. 

And thereupon the King did ( as the 
Commons Re(/uired) Give the Rapi Jffint 
y\.o this Statute to Redrefs thefe Grievances^ 
' by Enacting, " That if any Pcrfon (hould 
" Sue, or caule to be Sued, in the Court 
I ** of Romcy or efjewhere, for any fuch 
Tranflatlons of Prelates, or for any Pro- 
cefles or Sentences of Excommunica- 
tion, &c. which (hould touch or concern 
the King, or his Crown, or his Realm, 
7%eyy and their Mflintainers, and They 
I " who fliouid bring, or attempt to bring, 
L^* the lame into this Realm, or ftiould re- 
fc '* ceive the fame; and alfo Thofc who 
r •* {hould Sue in any other Court, in 
•* Derogation of the King's Crown and 
•' Dignity ; Should be put out of the King's 
*' Protefiion, and incur the Penalties of a J 
*' Prxmuntre, I 

Nmi), if this Jftrtion, That the Firft 
and moff: Excellent Eftate, or Supreme 
Governor, is Engaged to proieft the People 
from Grievances^ before they happen, and 
to give the Royal ^jftnt to Laws to Redrefi 
them, after they happen, is, by thofe an- 
cient Statutes, Warranted j Then I may 
conclude. That the Royal Aflent never 
ought, nor will be given, to any Law thitC 
may be pofiibly devifed or preicntcd, that 
will or may create an Apparent or Publick 
Grievance* 



\ 



■ Free ^atVtament%^ &c. 217 

Grievance. And as to any other of the 

^ States, it may be Argued, ( buc 1 am far 
ftom Concluding), .^od in niajori non 
valety non vakre debet in minori. How- 
itver, a Commoner may, without Offence, 
ihourn for the Penjion BtU'i Miicarrtage j 
becaufe the People of England look upon a 
Free Houfc of Commons, as their -^/wrti, 
and even as their Idol ; making that Crea- 
ture, which They themfdves firft formed, 
the Theme of all Difcourfe ; and confe* 
quently, they look upon an Unfrcc Houie 
I of Commons, as Enemies. 



I ihonld not have faid more of this BlUj 

r if the Writer of T'be Loudon Evening PoA- ' 

\ of ^y/W/ the 20th, 1731, had not furnifti'^j 

; a traiifcendent Quettion of State, in relationT 

[to Free Parliaments \ which confifta (ail 

he fays) of Words fnp^ofid to be fpofca"* 

by a fuppojed Prelate, coocerning the /"ffswil 

Jion Bill : I need not repeat the very ' 

Words, but ftate the Senfe of them, which 

( if I don't miftake ) is ; 1 

L M 

K 1. That whatever tends to break thvl 
WBalame of Power between the Powers E^»^M 
r $ial to this Conftitution, wiil prove th" " 
' Rain of the Whole. 



Q. a a. That ' 



iz8 free 'Parliaments, Sec. 



th<*^ 



2. That Independant Powers in thi 
Houfe of Commons, are inconfiftcnt with 
our Conftitution, 

3. That if the Members of the Houfe of 
' Commons fhou!d be obliged to d'fjlover^ 

ttpon Oath, whether they have, or will, 

accept of any Penfion, Gratuity, Reward, 

or Office from the Crown ( during the time 

of their being Members) fVithwit Ggnifying 

the lame 10 the Houfe within fourteen 

Days y which, if.truc, would make a DiC« 

, qualification, by Virtue of former Laws, 

I to Vote in that Houfe : That therefore fuch 

■ S new Law, as ihall provide fiich a Dip 

coveryy will greatly Enlarge the 'Power of 

that Houfe. 

4. That fuch an Enhirged Strength and 
lower, would enable the Commons to 
Over-lfear the other Two Eftatcs. 

, If I miftake the Scnfe of the W^ords, I 
I muft ask Pardon : If not, then that Evemn^ 
%JFriter is modeft, in faying, He knows not 
T whether that DoSir'tne in Politicks, which 

I take to mean, Jlexibh lowers in the 
r Houfe of Commons, that are Controulable, 
■"by fome other, ( i- e. Pendere ex Nuta Al- 
\teriHs, to Depend on Another's Beck ) be 

light, or no. But in faying. That he doth 
Jtfpce 



I 



Free TarliammH, 8cc, 219 

ytt^ke to the fuppofed Adverfary to that 
Bill, in printing his very Words ; I think 
tie means to ihew, that the String of Afper- 
fions, which the Craftfman hath endea- 
voured to fix on that Dofirhe^ (to wit) 
That the Sower of it, was Mercenary, and 
Abandoned, and Dared to plead for a De~ 
fendance of the Parliament on the Crown ; 
and that fiich a Dcpendance was Iniquitous, 
Pangerous, and ihc Creature of Corruption ; 
and that fuch an Effed would be as In- 
femous, as the Caufe ; as if the fuppofed 
Aflertor had Defended, and even Recom.- 
mended Corruption, to be a Neceflary In- 
gredient of Government : I fay, I think 
that the Evening ffriter's Meaning was, to 
fliew, that thofe Afperfions on that Dovi 
ftrine, were Injurious and Unmerited. J 

I think the Craftfman was too Rafh andl 
Precipitate, to pafs fuch a Judgment, wicb^ 
put giving the fuppofed Author of thaM 
XioBrme^ who muft be fuppofed to bo| 
ii^earned, a Reafonable Time, to make au I 
Explanation; which might, probably, con*-.! 
found the Craftfman himfelf ; Becanfe fucij I 
a Learned Planter of Truth, ( if a Prelate )f J 
-would no more advance ^ fife DoBrine ii^J 
loliticks, without, or againft Reafon, obJ 
Authority, than he would an Erronfea^m 
,J)oiirfne in Divinity. > | 

t ^ ' 

Q_3 And 



, JJO Fret 'ParUaments, &c- 
|i 

l> And therefore, iinccthtJitffos'dScnveroS 
■ifcat Seed, hath made the QKiftitution the 
KMeafure or Criterion of Government, by 
■Vhich his Da^riues arc to be Juftified or 
F Condemned, it muft be fiippofed, that be 
Lean define or defcribe all the Material Parts 
ppf his Conftiiution ■ and how, and where it 
f differs from, that Gonftitution which is Ex- 
r hibited in the Book call'd, The Britamuck 
I Cmjiitation, where its feveral Parts have 
1- been lb defcrib'd and prov'd, by fuch Evi- 
dences, as have not, as yet, been Deny'd, 
I Br attempted to be Dliprov'd, or Vary'd ia 
L juiy one Particular : From which it is in- 
I feir'd, That thofe Evidences cannot be en- 
|i*Ountrcd, with any other of equal Autho- 
[rity. in which Work he may find, that 
I Freedom of l-^ot'mg, is a Power that is of the 
ifeffence of the Houfe of Commons, with 
I this Reftriftion only. That neither that 
E Houfe, nor either of the other Two Eltatesj 
t ought to Invade, or endeavour to Subvert, 
f ftr to Traduce, or Detract from, the Rights 
[ Authorities, or Dignity, of any other or 
I them ; but if this Privilege^ with this Re- 
l^idion, be not of the Effence of the Con- 
Iftitution, let it be Contradided and Dif- 
[ proved. And moreover, he may find in 
I that Book, That it is afferted, as an Un- 
I queftionable Poficion, That the Parliament 
tjtpf >vhich the Houie of Commons is a Part) 



Free ^arliameniSi &cc. 231 

is, in regard to the precifeTimesof their be- 
ing Called, Prorogued, and DilTolved, depen- 
dant on the Crown, with fome Reftriftiont.J 
there fubjoined : Jiut this Dependance con«- 
t^rns not their Power when Aflcmblcd. 

The Learned Propagator of the DoSirim 
m Qiieftion, (if any fuch Perfon is in Be- 
ing) can, doubtlcfs (and I hope will) fliew 
us ihele Things : 

[. TheDiftinaionandReafon, Whythc 
Power of the Eleftors of Members in making 
Ele<Sions, fhniild be intirely Free and In- 
depcndant, (which, I prefumc, he wiil not 
deny) ; and yet why llie Powers of the Ele- 
fted, when Aflcmbled in Pailianieiit, (houlil 
not be, equally free, to /Wc without lnfli»M 
ences, is neccflary to be llluftratcd. , S 

1. What is the Balance^ and which aiM 
the three Efftntial Powers, in this Conftiiil 
:ution, which make that Balatice. I 

3. Why the Power to Vote Freely in the 1 
Houfe of Commons, will Enlarge the Powet'X 
of that Houfc, or give it Strength to Ovtr*, J 
iear the other Two Eftates, of the King^l 
«nd the Lords; or will make that HoufqJ 
fo Indepeiidavt^ (;. e. fo Uncontroulable) a# J 
10 be Inconfiftent with our Conftitution ; I 
ind why, and (or what Reafoii, the Power 1 
0.4 of 



%l% Free ^Parliaments, Sec. 
\ of the Commons to Vote Freely, will Ru'wt 
L /j^f Balance between the Powers, that arc. 
I EflentiaV to this Conftitution. 

r And above all, That he will pleafe to. 
produce his Kvidences, to prove his Af- 
Jiimptions : For fince the fuppofed Author 
. of this Doctrine, muft be fuppos'd to be, asi 
f able, to Ihew a Reafon and Authority fori 
I his political Ones, as he is tofhew a Rcaibn 
[ and Authority for his SpritualOnes^ 1 think I 
I may prefume to fay, It is not only Expeded, 
I but he is, with Great Deference, Defired to 
L fliewf thofc Proofs^ and efpccially thofe Timesy 
I when the Third Eftate or Houfe of Commons, 
\ was Treated with Impunity, as an Eftate, that 
KWas Unfree or Dependant ; for either an Ex- 
f fiaimtion^ or a Recantation may poflibly be 
L' call'd for, or at leaft Satisfaftion for the In- 
I jury done them, may be demanded, when- 
ever that Houfe fhall make Inquifition for 
fuch Doflrines as Sap their Foundations. 

To this I may add, That the fuppofed 
I Aflertor of this DoHrin^y was pleas'd (as 
\ the Evening py'riter writes) to protcft thus 
I Ijet Bribery be ptm/l/dt let Corruption be 
} j>ump'd. But this was like a Man, that has 
L.lccretly polfoned his Neighbourj and then 
I knowing the Faci cannot be proved, cries 
I out. Let the Murderer he funifbed. Whereas 
■J^^fotcftation had been made, Let Bribery 



[Ftee ^ariiamettts, &c. 255 
ie Di/cover'dj (which was all that the Pen- 
fion-BiU required) ajid then punijb'd^ his 
Argument had made a greater Impreffion, 
And here I may crave Leave to furmize. 
That if any fuppos'd Prelate, did really 
(which I cannot believe) fpeak as the 
Evening fVi'iter writes, fuch Words as he 
fays, were his very Words j That that Prelate 
(if any fuch be) when he was Advanced to 
the Prelacy, was apprehended to be a great 
Proficient in Reafon ■-, and therefore tho' 
my Lot was to have but a fmall Share of 
that Faculty, yet I do, with great Reipe£i, 
prcfumc to Argue and Reafon, after this 

I manner ; viz. That Man was, in his Crea- 
tion, made a Dependant Creature, attended 
with Continual Wants, To fupply which, 
he is bound by Prayer, to make Continual 
Applications to his Creator ; which is, in 
Effect, to Exercife his Continual Ltfipen- 
dance. 



I 



But if any Perfon, whether Spiritual or 
Temporal, will plcafe to read the Britannic 
Conftitution, he will find that theSpecial and 
Particular Powers which are Appropriated to, 
and Veiled in the Houle of Commons, are 
Powers %\ftn to them, by theirOriginatCon- 
ftituents, and efpecially that GrandPoweKy to 
give or deny Monies, for the Publ ick Service 5 
in which they arc to aft asjad^es^ whether 
fucK 



4^4 ^^'^ Parliaments, &c. 
kfuch Monies are Neccflary or not, and whe- 
p-fter the Ufcs Tor which the Money is De- 
manded, are Good or Bad for the Nation. 

For in this Ofe, the Commons do not 
Refort to the King, or to the Lords, 
as their Pr'mcif>ah or Conftituents, to Ask 
tticir Leave or Power fo to do ^ but, on 
the Contrary , the Commons Do, and 
Ought in feme Cafes, to Refbrt to their 
'^rhcipals, their Eledors, for Direftions : 
And in the Cafe of Money, the Commons 
are the Giver, and the King the Receiver. 

For his Majefty, upon paffing a Money- 
Bill, which is always Delivered, by the 
Speaker's Hands, to the King in Pcrfon Sit- 
ting on the Throne in Parliament, is always 
pleafed to give Thanks for the Gift, to the 
Commons in thefc Words, Le Roy Remenier 
fe.t bom Sujets^ Of Jiccepte loar Bivevokme. 
In EngUpj thus ; I'he King 'Thanks hh good 
SubjeSts (the Commons), and y^ccepTs their 
Benevolence (or Fohtntary Gift). But when 
that Gift is to pafs into a Law, the Lords 
are to Aflent or Dilfent to it, as a Law ; but 
do not make the Gift, nor can Alter, Di- 
minifh, or Enlarge that Gift : And the King 
adds to his Thanks, thele Words ; Et atriji 
h Feuh. In Englifi thus ; 7'he Kitjg mils 
(as the Lords have already Willed) That 
this Gift do pajs into a Law. 

And 



Free TarliatnentSj 8cc. 2 j j 

And as to this, I may add what the 
Lords Temporal and Commons Aflertcd in 
the Year 1 300 j viz. That from the Jftrff 
?ll([it[lti011 of this Kingdom, the Kings 
. thereof, ought not Do the Things menti'on'd 
' in Pages 14, 15. Which I take to be a 
Warrant formeto Aflert, Ihat in that Fir^ 
Inpitnt'iony the ^Power laft mention'd, to 
Give or Deny Money, and fome other 
PffwerSy of the Commons, were made Inde^ 
pendant. 

And therefore I think I may, from this 
Way of Reafoning, conclude. That this 
Grand and Magnificent 9*(?uifr, of Giving or 
Denying Money, is not only an Indtfeftdtint 
(but a Happy) Power : For the Prince of 
Truth hath faid, (a) T'bat it is more Blejfed 
to Give^ than to Receive. Which I may 
apply, by Parity of Reafon, That it is viore 
Mleffed to the Commons &^ England, to Give 
a Law, to Raije Money, than to Receive a 
Litiu^ to Raife it. And fo it may be faid 
of fome other lowers of that Houfc - ' 

If I have faid more of the '^enfmn-BiUy 
than is material, I hope much of it, may 
be plac'd to the Evening Writer^ Account: 



{a) Ads XX. 35- 

Ho never, 



ij6 Free 'Parliaments, Sec. 

However, it will give a full Opportunity 
to the Jitppo/ed Auihoi of the New Notions 
in Queftion, to maintain his own Doifrine^ 
without which mine cannot be Evinc'd. 



1 



But a Certain Gentleman of Cambridge 
hath, by a Letter from that Univerfity, 
Printed in the Daily Poft Buy of J^ay the 
Sth, 1731, made an Eflay to Do what I 
Called for : Upon which I would obierve, 
wherein he and I agree, and wherein wc 
differ. 

We both agree, that Bribery and Cor- 
ruption of Members of Parliament, is a 
Grievacne of a Depraved Nature, becaufe it 
poilbns the Conftitution in the very Foun- 
tain ; and that therefore Knaves dare not, 
and Honeft Men will not, Defend it. 

This Gentleman therefore makes the 
Single Point in DJfpute, to be, whether the 
Method propofed by the Penfian-Bill^ to 
Difcover and Stop the Bribery, was an Ef- 
feftual Method, and Confiftent with our 
Conftitution, or not. 

He fays the fuppofed Prelate's Apprehen- 
fions, Why the Method of the Difcovcry 
alm'd at, was improper, were grounded on 
thefc Foundations ; viz. 

That 



Free ^arlmentSj &c. 237 

That the ^enfion-BiU, for not Inflifling 
fbme Incapacity on the Offenders, when diC- 
covcr'dj was, for that Reafon, of »o Xlpy 
and cou'd mean Nothing : He fays, that 
all the Ufe that cou'd be made of the Diico- 
very, would be to Ereft a New Power in 
the Commons, to punifli the Offenders, that 
would be Difcretionary and Arbitrary : And 
that the Merit of the Member who Takes, 
and the Defign of the Party who Gives, 
that Reward, which makes the Grievance, 
muftcome before them, inQueftion. 

That fuch a Judicature would be lajurhas 
to the Conftitution, becaufe the Incapacity 
Reftsas (he fays) upon the Subjcft : But the 
Honour and Dignity of the Party Giving, 
which makes the Grievance, is Saved, and 
ought never to be Expofed, to the Genfure 
or Judgment of the People, (meaning the 
Houle of Commons) : He is pleafed to 
Aflcrc, (and doubtlefs very truly, in Rela- 
tion to himfelf) That he remembers not 
any Law, that Sets up any Power or Ju- 
dicature, to Queftion or Condemn Rewards 
givai, (meaning any Grievance that pro- 
ceeds from fuch Rewards) ; and aflerts, That 
fuch a Power in the Commons, would 
be abfolutely Inconfifietit with our Confti- 
tution. If thefe Affertions do not ftrike at 
the Revolution, and the Frbciples pawhic:^ 



,158 Frte 'Parliaments J Sec. 

lit was founded, What can? TheLeave/iof 
mtpo&or Siicheverellkems to be Fermenting. 

V^ He is plcafcd alfo to affirm. That whcrej. 

■TSvcr fuch a Power is placed. That Power 
niuft ncceflartly draw to it, the Supreme 
Power : And, that fuch Powers, when- 
tver they have been affumed by a Houfe 
of Commons, never ended but in theRuine 
of the Crown : And that, once upon a 
Time, the Houfe of Lords had, by that 
Method, loft their very Being. 

■ • This Cambridge Gentleman alfo afferts, 
MFhat it ought to be confidcr'd, when any 
Xaw is propofed, not only what js Intended 
hy that Law, but alio what Up may pof- 
fibly be made of it, in future Times ; and 
infinnates, That In the prefcnt Cufe, the 
Intention was to fet up a New Power, or a 
New kind of Supreme Judicature, Uiiknown 
to our Conftitution ; and from thence in- 
fers, that fuch Bills to Try Experiments, or 
Grounded upon probable Prefumptions, that 
they will never be Abufed, ought never to 
Pafs, becaufe if the Experiment ftiould rnxU 
carry, or the Prefumption fail, the Evil 
would be fatal to the Conftitution, and 
never be Removed. 

This Gentleman alfo aflerts, That the 

Extent of tlie Power, that would, by the 

Difcoyery 



Free Parliament s^ &c. 25^ 

Diftovery aim'd at, accrue to the Houfe of 
Commons, would be Unlimited, and would 
Reach every Reward, the Crown could 
Give, or that any Member, or any Rela- 
tion of his, could Receive: And that fuch 
a New Power, join'd to the Power they 
Claim to Give or Deny Money ; to their 
Power of Determining Difputed EleSions} 
to their Power of Calling Minifters to Ac- 
count for Male Adminiftrations, would be 
Uncontroulable, and might make them think, 
the Houfe of Lords of no Ufc ; and there- 
fore he Demands this Qiieftion j How long 
could our Ancient Conftitution, if fuch a 
Difcovcry were made, Subfifl: ? 

Thefe are the Foundations, upon which 
this Cambridge Gentleman fays, the fuppos'd 
Prelate's Apprehenfion of this Independancy 
of the Houfe of Commons, was Grounded. 

In Anfwer to this Specious Argument, I 
Objeft, That the Matters, which this Gentle- 
man Aflerts to be, fbme of them Injurious 
to, others Inconfiftent with, others Unknown 
to, others Fatal to, the Conftitution ; with- 
out ihewing what is that Conftitution, are 
to me, Wild and Inconclufive Notions ; If 
this Gentleman had fhew'd a Conftitution, 
which Authorizes Rewards to be Given, to 
Members of the Houfe of Commons, for 
Services which could nsver be Obtained, 
without 






»40 Free TarUaments^ &c. 

withour thofc Rewards ; then all his Epi- 
thets of Injurious, Incotififtent, Unknown 
and Fatal, would have found in fiich 
Conftitution, Ibme Refuge. 

As to the Pmfion-h'ilH being of noUfe or 
Meanings the Gentleman is a Stranger to 
the Laws in Being ^ for when the Faft i$ 
Difcover'd, the Law (and not the Houfe) 
hath already pafled the Sentence. 

As to the Affcrtion, That there is no 
Power any where lodg'd, to make Inquifi- 
tion for Grievances, occafion'd by Rewards 
Given, I refer this Cambridge Gentleman 
to the Britannich Conftitution, now Extant 
in the Library of that Univerfity ; where he 
may find, That no National Grievance 13 
exempt from Inquifition. 

As to Power in the Houfe of Commons, 
to make Inquifition for Bribed Members, and 
to make themfelves Sound and Free, by Ex- 
pelling the Poiibn and Corruption, it is mon- 
ftrous, to fay, that fuch a neceffary Power, 
will draw to it the Supreme, or any Undue 
Power, for fuch a Power is neceffary for 
their Self-prefervation. 

As to the Afperfions, That a Free Houfe 

of Commons in England did ever Ruinc the 

Crown, or did ever Subvert the Being of 

the 



1 
I 



Free Parliaments, Sec. 241 

the Hou/c of Lords, I aver thofc Aflertions, 
to be utter Untruths. 

I conclude therefore, that the Cambridge 
Gentleman hath done ill Offices, to the fup- 
pofcd Prelate, to the Crown, and to the Peo- 
ple of this Nation ; to the fuppos'd Prelate, 
becaufe he has attempted to clear him, 
from the Imputation of a Pleader for Bri- 
bery and Corruption, but has done it weak- 
ly, with fuch Inftruments as have mere 
empty Sounds, and fo has made Bad, Worfe : 
This Gentleman hath done an ill Office to 
the Crown, by falfiy infinuating, as if the 
Crown would give Rewards ; which, if 
liifcover'd, no Man would Avow or Defend : 
Such a Suppofition therefore ought never to 
be imagin'd, or at leaft not printed. He 
has done the worft Office to the People, by 
pleading againll their having, fo much as a 
Difcovery, of their moll; dangerous Grie- 
vance, and is therefore highly culpable; for 
Sufferings from a Falfc Brother, hurt more, 
than Thofe, from an Open Enemy. 

Having advanc'ij Arguments in Favour 
of Free Parliaments, 1 prefume a few Sup- 
pofitions may be added to that Matter, viz, 

I. It may be prefumed, that long Sef- 

fions (which for forty Years now laft paft, 

have been Annual) have Caufed the Mem- 

R bers 



1 



J 



I 



141 Free 'FarliamentSy dec 

bers to fpend feveii or eight Months everj 
Year In Travelling and Attending the Ser- 
I rice of their Country in Parliaments. 

That, during that long Time of 
\f^U:ncc^ their Private Affairs muft fuffer, 
r ibr want of Care and Attention; and if the 

Members are Traders or Merchants in the 
^tout Ports, their Bufinefles muft, by their J 

^bfence (above others) inevitably fufFefl 
i Diforders. 

3. The Expences of Living ib long m ] 
' Zondon, do caufe, at the End of a long I 
[■5eiIions, Great Demands \ and thofe may! 
Ifnake, even Good Men, Capable of fome 
nprelTions. 

Thefe being Inconveniencies that arc Un- 
avoidable, I prefunie this Reprelentation I 
.will Create a Defire to bear of forae Expe- i 
I .dient to Remove thole Inconveniencies. 
t Now that Remedy feems not fo difficult as 
7 may be imagined J for the fingle Provifiou, 
t'made in Cambridgepire, may ferve as a Mo- 
Vjel for the whole Nation : Which Provi- 
rJSon was thus ; Some Perfon (who in 014'] 
Times promoted Free Parliaments) Infeoffed 1 
or gave to Trnftees the Manor of Burle- 
I jvas, alias the Shire Manor in Maddingly near J 
1 Cambridgi^ confifting of 400 Acres of Land, 
njrhich were then letten at i o /, per jrinman, ' 
. (being 



Free 'Parliaments^ &c. 143 
■fteing at that Time the full yearly Value), 
"/w Tru/J to apply the Profits, towards pay- 
ing the lluigej of Knights, Elected, in that 
Shire, to fcrve in Parliament. 

This being the Cafe, the Gentlemen and 
Inhabitants of that County joined in a Peti- 
tion, and Obtained the Acl: of Parliament 
of 34 and 35 Hvn. 8. cap. 24. j4f!w 1543. 
Whereby yohfi Hi/ide, Serjeant at Law, and 
his Heirs, were made perpetual Tenants, 
upon Condition to pay 10/. per Ammm to 
■A Corporation, therein called fFurJens of 
the Wages for Knights of the Shire oi Qitn- 
bridge^ Chofcn for the Parliament; who 
were to apply the 1 o /. per yfmji/m for Pay- 
ment of thofe Ifages : In Confidcration 
whereof, the Inhabitants of Cambridgep/tre 
were to be for ever Difuharged of thofe 
ffages. 

Now if thefe 400 Acres of Lands yielded, 
near 200 Years ago, but \oL per ^mmm^ 
it may be fuppofed, they now yield 10 j. 
per Acre, and will make a Fund of 200 L 
per Antitim. But whether fuch a Fund is 
apply'd to the true Defign, I know not ; 
however, this Old Eftabhfliment for Pay- 
ment of JVages, is not only a Full and Clear 
^roof] of that Part of the Britanmc Confti- 
lution, which made Provifion for Payment 
of Wages, to keep Free and Unbyaffed the 
». R a People's 



1^4 ^'^^ ^ParliamentSy Sec. 

Ptopk's Rcprefentativcs, but is alio a fij 

. tad ftrong Moutc to ihc Reft of the King. 

f dom, to Imitare an Example, ib Safe and 

P^Commendable : And for that Purpofc it 

may be luggeftcd. That a Fund may be 

iafily railed of toe yooc L fer ^sttum^ which 

I -Woald be fufficicnt to pay, each Member, 

ribc Wages of y I per Week Sitting the Par- 

fiantent, luppofing the Sefljon to continue 

twenty-fix Weeks or fix Months : And the 

Shares of Abfentces may Sink, and be Ap- 

|>iy'd, for Defraying iheTravelling Charges, 

L,ofthofe, who make Long Journeys, to and 

I Remote Places, to the Parliament. 

One good Way or NTeans, towards Rai- 
ufing fuch a Fimd, may be to Rcflrain, by 

Aft of Parliament, all fiich People, as ac- 
)t quire Overgrown Eftates, from Giving them 

to any Charitable Ules, biu only to this 
, Fund, till the fame be Compleaccd .- And, 
I perhaps, a good Portion towards this Fund 
fcmay be pared off, from feme Exorbitant 
^ Charities, that have been given for Purpofes, 
tby which only the Strength of the Nation 
\\& Impaired j I prefume, fruitful Minds may 

take Warmth at this Overture, and may 
y loon invent Expedients, fufficient to Com- 
i pofe a Fund to produce and feed fuch Glo- 
piious Plants, as are the Liberties of their 
lOuntry, and clpccially Free Parliaments. 

For I 



3 



< 



I 



Free Parliaments^ &c. 245 

For if that Rule be true, That when a 
Man fcrves his Country, he fervcs God j 
then I may juftly fay, That no other Vo- 
luntary Gifts, to or for any other Purpofe, 
fan be fo Meritorious. 



\ 



I think I have no Reafbn to doubt but 
that my Intentions in this Eflay, and in the 
Bntanuk Conftitution, do appear to be, to 
Render to the King,the Things that are His, 
^nd to the People, (my Countrymen) the 
Things that are Theirs ; or that the fame 
Spirit of Liberty that incited me to Advilc 
the Demand of the Writ of Summons, to 
bring this Royal Family to the Crown, did 

|;ncitc me to Write the Britayimc Conftitu- 
tion, to Defend Them, on the Throne. 
\ But this I am fure of, That thcfe Prin- 
ciples of Government (altho' farcaflically ' 
called Popular) are a more fure and ftrong ' 
Foundation, on which the Crown may Raile 
and Perpetuate its Power, than their Cou-r 
traries, becaufc thcfe Principles are true, 
and can never be fatfificd ; whereas their 
Contraries, are fallacious, and will prove 
no ftrongcr, than Reeds ; Which when any 
King Trufts, or Leans upon them, will 
pierce his Hands. 

R 3 I coma • 



1^6 Fres Parliaments, Sec. 

I come now to finifli this Work with this 

ICbnclufion, That if the Pai/mi-Bill, or 

lany Bill of the like Nature is wanted, to 

■ Compleat our Fundamental Glory of a Free 

I Houle of Commons, then I conclude, that 

\ais prefcnt Majefty, by Favouring and 

palling fuch an ylmeiidmefit, and confe- 

quently by Clearing and Eftabliftiing fuch 

I Material Part of our Conftitution (In caie 

his Majefty ftiall, in His Great Wifdom, 

L think it convenient) wiilErcfl, forHlmfelf,, 

Monument of Glory far finpaffing 7'kat^ 

i-hich Hiftory has Erected for the Vnion 

Scotland^ becaule that Vnkn did not 

Strengthen this Part of the Conftitution 

But the fame hath in all Ages fiufluated, 

vithout being rightly fixed, in any Reign, 

r Age, or Time, fince its firft Formation ; 

F and therefore that King, whoever he fliall 

► be, that fliall Encourage, and Perfcft, fuch 

\ a neceflarv Explanation, and Amendment, 

^.ttiuft neceflarily Acquire the Glory, of be- 

ling our Beft and moft Rcver'd King and 

I Governor. 

f- The kft Service to Free Parliaments 

, that remains to be done, is, to Vindicate 

, their Antiquity, from the Errors of thofe 

^Vriters, who have injurioufly Infinuated, 

J if our Glorious Form of Government by 

Parliaments 



rFres Parliaments, &c. 147 
rarlianicnts was firft Jnftituted by the 
Goths and Vandals^ who when the Roman 
Empire Declin'd, made Eruptions, and 
Relcued from under the Roman Tyrannj', 
the Weftern Parts of Europe^ ib late as 
about the jth Century after Chr'tp : Where- 
as the Proof of the Contrary, cited in 
^age 1 10 of the Britaiink Conjlitntion 
from Ci£jar's Commeutaries, is an Evidence 
that can admit of no Contradidion, be- 
caufc Cajar^ in one Place relates, That 
the Laws of Government in Brtta'tn were, 
in his Time (being 1800 Years ago) not 
only Ancient, but fo Celebrated, that the 
Gentlemen of Qaule (now France) went 
over into Britain to Learn and be In- 
ftruftcd ; and in another Place, {a) he 
gives tlie Br'it'ipj Parliament the aptcft 
Name in Latiny that could be devifed, 
viz. {Commune CondUiim) ; his Words are 
thefe, Summa Imperii Belliq^ Adm'imflrandi^ 
Commimi Couciiio^ pernujfa efi Ci0velam : 
In Ettglijh thus, 'That the Supreme Executive 
Power ofGoucrninent, and of ConduEiing fVar -y 
and Peace in Britain, is by ^0 ofParltM 
tnentjOr by the Conjiitution^ peeped in Callivel-! 
lano, (meaning him asKing): Which, at thft 
Time of Crjar's Writing, was many Centu-: 



r:^ ■ 

(rt) Lib. V, cap, 5, 

R4 



148 Fffs Parliaments^ &c. 

. lies before the Goths and yandals 
I Diftinguilli'd by any Reputation, for Go-, 
Mfcrnment, in Europe ; and therefore our 
rarUaments could never be Inftituted, by 
f an Unknown People, who, at the Com- 
1 mencetnent, of our Government had thetn- 
^ijelves, in Point of Government, no Exi- 



1 




w 



[ ^49 J 



A N 



APPENDIX 



Certain Original Papers and Letters, 
whereto Reference is mad? in the fore- 
going Argument. 



^ 



The Firft Memoir. 

Attgtiji 1712. 
Numb. I. 



A Proposition, humbly offered to the 
Jllujirious Houfe of Hanover. 

JHAT, in regard the Qtieen 
' of Great BritaiTi, has iolemnly 
I declared from the Throne, (ij) 
, " That the Securing the Suc- 
" ceffion to that Houfe, lies 
*' neareft her Heart ; and that She has taken 
" Care, that the Peribn, who pretends to 




11, declaring the Terms of 

« Difturb 



ijo ^//Appendix of 

" Difttirb it, be Removed out of th 
" Frtnch Dominions : " Now, in regard^ 
ihefe Exprcflions are General j 

Let it be infifted on, at the General 
Treaty of Peace, on the Part of the Houfe 
of Hamvet-y " That the Eledor, or one or 
" more of the Princes of that Houfe, may 
*' have a Houfe, and a Revenue, afligned 
*' them in England ^ and may have an 
" Attorney -General, and other Officers, 
" afligned them, to take Care of their AU 
" ffairs, as the Firfl: Prince of the Blood. " 

This will try thofe Minifters, who ad- 
vifed the Qiieen to make that Speech, whe- 
ther they really meant any thing for the 
Good of the Houfe oi Hanover ^ or not. 

If the Britijh Plenipotentiaries oppofc 
fuch a reafonablc Article, 

The Houfe oi Hjmver may take their 
Meafures. 

If it be reafonablc to infift, That the 
Pretender fliould be Removed out of the 
Dominions of the Enemy : 

It is as reafonablc to infift-, That the 
Rightful Succeffor ftiould have Room, and 
be wichin the Dominions he is Intitled to. 
The 



r 



certain Original 'Papersj &cc. 1 5 1 

The Prefence of the next Succeflbr, 
would Encourage and Inipirit his Friends, 
and Difcourage his Enemies. 

Poflenjon, in this Cafe, is of ineftimablc 
Advantage. 

The Refufal of fuch a rcaibnable De- 
mand, would give the Eleftor a very good 
Colour to Complain ; and would load his 
Enemies with Obloquy, as fecretly endea- 
vouring to Deprive him. 



The Second Memoir. 

September 171a. 
Numb. II. 

TH E Proposition, that is to be infifted 
on, in the General Treaty of Peace, is, 
" That a Prince of the Houfc oi Hanover 
" may have a Houlc and Revenue, and 
" proper Officers, in En^ktjd. » 

An Additional Argument, to Enforce that 
PfQpoJit'iotiy may be drawn from thefc Parts 
of the Qiieen's Speech, wherein Ihe fays j 

" The Duke of jinjoa is to Renounce 
" for Ever the Crown of Frame. 

" That 



i,^z JnAPPEHDixof 



" That the Succcflion to that Ctown, 

■ to be to the Duke of Berry ; in the Duke 
*' of Orleans, and his Sons, &c. 

" That the Succeffion of S/^aiii, and the 
Indies, is, after the Duke of j^njou, and 

■ his IlTue, to go to fome other Prince ; 
( for Ever excluding the Houfe of 



} 



« That the Nature of this Propoial is 
** fuch, that it executes it felf. 

" That the Interefl: of Spabi, is, to fup- 
" port it : And in France, the Peslbns, to 
*' whom that Succeffion is to belong, will i 
*' be ready and powerful enough to viii- 
" dicate their own Right. " 

The Strength of the Hypothefis ( if there 
be any in it ) takes its Root from this fup- 
pofed Circumftance ■ That the Perfons in 
France, to whom the Succeffion of that 
Crown is to belong, wilt be ready, that is, 
will be prefcnt, on the Spot, and in Poffef- 
fion of France, and therefore will be power- 
ful enough to vindicate their own Right. 

Now, if this be the Opinion of our 
Miniftry in Britain, in relation to the 
Crown of F/anccj to wit, That the Prefencc 
of I 



certain Original Papers, Sec. 155 
of the next Succeffor in Frame, will arm, 
him with Power and Readinefs to vindicate 
his Right ; which inherently carries in it 
this Pofition, That an Abfent Succeflbr 
would be Unready, and want Power : 

Then, How can it be pretended, by our 
Miniftry, That the like Circumftancts in 
Enghndy will not have the fame EfFed ? 
Prefencc and Poffeflion, will arm the Suc- 
ceflbr with Readinefs and Power to vindi- 
cate his Right : On the contrary, by being 
Abfent, he will be Unready, and his Power 
Precarious. 

If the Britifh Miniftry oppofe the ^ro- 
fojitiony it will fall within the Compafs of 
the Act of Parliament, which makes it 
Treafon, To Endeavour to Hinder the 
Houle of Hanover. 

It will furnifh the Friends o^ Hanover 
with Matter, to Petition the Queen from 
all Quarters .- The Nobility will begin, 
and the Commonalty will follow. And, 

The Nature of the 'Petition may be, 
That Her Majefty ( who hath not been 
fparing in Verbal Profeffions) would plcafe 
to make as good a Security to the Houfe 
of Hanover, to lecure their SuccefEon, as 
She thinks there is mudc to the Dukes of 
Berry 



254 ^» Appendix of 
VBerry and Orleans, in relation to the Sue* 
' ceffion of the Crown of France : And if 
Prcience and Poffelfion will be fo efFedual 
in France, as to Execute it Self; why ftiould 
not the like ealy Provifion be made for 
the SucceiTor in England^ that ma^' Execute 
it Self in like manner ? 

An Extraff oat of the Pr'wy-CoanfeUor 
LiiBNiTz'j Letter, Dated Hanover 
the J 4th of Odobcr 1712, to DoBor 
Brandshagen. 

Numb. III. 

frT Have Orders from His Elefloral High- 
^'\ nefs, to fignify, That due 7%anks may 
be given to R. A., for his zuell-nieant avd 
feafonable Profofition, which yon have lent 
over : And that the Contents are found 
very reaibnable, and well-grounded j and 
that Returns will be made upon it, -when 
'itinie and Opportunity jhall give Leave. It 
is very apparent, that the Peribn, who 
has written it, underftands Things very \ 
well ; and there will be always made Ac- 
hnowledgments, for the Favour and Kiod- 
neis of fuch Perfoiis, Jfhe pould have any 
more of that Matter to communicate, you 
may alTure him, that it -will he always very 
acceptable. If I ( for my own Particular) 



} 



\ 



certain Original Papers, Sec. 155 

Jhofild he ahle to do him any Service^ Iiaould 
~ ieem it for ajingular Honour. " 

Godfrid, Wilhelm. de Leibnitz. 

From this Time, Mr. Mherky appre- 
hended himfelf to be Retained in the Service' 
of this lllurtrious Family, and efpecially 
of the EleSoral Prince, then called the 
Dtike of Cambridge y for whom the Service ' 
was to be done : And Mr. Acherley de- 
fended on the Performance of this and other 
^fromifes. 

K The Third Memoir. 
^^^^^ 20th Of^o^cr ijii. 

^^^f- N U M B. IV. 

TH E Importance and Reafonableneis of 
the Propofjttoii, to have an Article in, I 
the General Peace, " That a Prince of the j 
^* Houfe of Hanover may be provided witH, 
a Houfe, Revenue, and proper Officers, 
in England, " has been argued from thefe ' 
Jarts of the Queen's Speech : 

I. From her Affertion, " That Care is 
]* taken, to have an Additional Security, 
f* for the Succcffion in the Houfe oi Ha~ 
^' nover^ by the Removal of the Pretender 
" out of the French Dominions. 

2. From 



i^6 Jft Appendix of 

a. From the Offers of France^ " To 

;' « fettle the Succeffion of her Crown in 

■ the Dukes of Berry and Orkansy by fuch 

'■*' means, as the Queen is pleafed to fay, is 

** not Speculative, but Solid, and fuch as 

" Executes it Scld 



3. From the Influence, " That Argu- 
*' mcnts drawn Ji-om thofe Parts of the 
*' Speech^ muft have on the Brltifh Miniftry, 
" as Arguments ad Hominem .- Becaufe the 
*' Miniftry, either believe thofe Parts, or, 
" at leaft promote and advile 'cm." 

It remains, to fhew how thefe Argu- 
r fnents may obviate Oppolition from France^ 
^and her Miniftry. 

. Now, as to Them, it may be argued, 
' That the Syftem of the PropoJil was In- 
dented and Framed in France. 

Her Majefty's Speech fays, " The Ap- 
. " prchenfion, that Spain and the ffeji- 
\ " Indies might be United to France^ was the 
» " chief Inducement to Begin the War. 

« That the Effectual Preventing that 
Union, was the Principle laid down for 
\ « the Peace. 

" That 



J 



certain Original ^apersy Sec. 157 

" That the Difficulty of finding Means, 
" Effcdually to Prevent that Union, ap- 
" pcared from former Examples, and late 
" Negotiations. " 

France^ therefore, being to provide thole 
Means, propoles the Renunciation of the 
Duke oi AnjoUy and a new Settlement of the 
French Succeffion in the Dukes of Beriy 
and Orkansy as a fufficient Expedient for 
that Purpoft: ; and offers it with an Air of 
Sincerity, and in good Earneft : Not as 
•Speculative, or depending on bare Trea- 
ties, but as what is Solid i Tiiat Power is 
at hand, to Execute it i nay, that its Na- 
ture is fuch, "that it Executes it Self\ That 
it divides France and Sfatn more effediuUy 
than ever. 

And France builds all this fpccious 
Structure, upon this fingle Suppofition ; 
That in France^ the Perfons, to whom that 
Succeflion is to belong, will be Ready and 
Powerful enough to vindicate their own 
Kight : Which, ex neceffitate^ muft accrue, 
from their being Prefent, and in Pofleflion 
of France, 

Now, if the French Succeflion is the Ex- 
pedient i 



2^8 ^» Appendix sf 

If that Expedient is urged by France^ 
EfFedual \ 

If the Strength of the Expedient fufc 
upon the Rcadinefs and Power of i 
Succeflbr to Vindicate his Right j 

And if that Readinels and Power 
grounded on his being Prefent, z 
being in Poffeffion of France : 

How then can FrancCy or her Minift: 
oppofe the like Expedient^ to fecure t 
iir////Z^ Succeffion in the Houfe ciHanovt 

It may be demanded of them, to ftie 
how, or by what Means, the Perlbns 
France^ to whom that Succeflion is to I 
long, will be Ready and Powerful enou| 
to Vindicate their own Right, if it be n< 
by being Prefent, and in Poffeffion 

France : They muft be puzled to fii 

an Evafion. 

France and her Miniftry muft necell 
rily fall under this Dilemma : Either th< 
muft confeis, That the Prcfence and Po 
feffion of the French SuccefFor, muft ar 
him with Readinefs and Power to Vind 
catc his own Right ; (and in that Cal 
they cannot oppofe the like Advantage i 

tl 






certah Original Tapers, Sec. 259 

£nti/h SuccelTor:) Or elfe they 

muft own, Thac the French Succeflion 13 
founded in a Chimera, and is defigiicd, 
only, as a Dclufion, to Impofe on, and 
Deceive Great BiitJWy and her Miniftry : 
And in that Cafe, they muft difcover, That 
no Security is provided by this Peace, to 
prevent the Union oi Spain and the H'ejl- 

bid'tes to France. The Principle laid 

down for the Peace muft vanilh, and the , 
End of the War muft appear, rot to b« 
accomplifhed. 

In the next Place ; If France oppofe the 
Propofition, they vertually overthrow that 
former Article, for Securing the Britijb 
Succeffion in the Houfc of Hanover ; and 
will expofe their Infincerity and Unreaibn- 
ablencfs, in Denying, or Oppofing ihat 
Security to the Brittjh Succeffion, which, 
they pretend, is the only Support of the 
French SucceiBon. 



\r Jfitfiallhe Ohje^ed by any Potentate ; 

:. That the Prefence of the next Suc- 
ceffor in Enghvidy would be a Grie- 
vance to the Queen ; That it would 
be, the feCting her Coffin before hei 
Eyes : 



S a a. That 



tSo Alt Appendix of 

a. That two Courts would be Incon 
nknt in one Kingdom : 

3. That it is DiCbonourable to the I 
tion, to give Foreign Potentatei 
Right to Meddle in our Succefli 
by making ^em Guarantees ; 

^be Anfwers are Evident and Pbin : 

I . As to the Sight of the next Succeflc 
It is no more, than what muft be 
France^ and was in En^kndj in t 
Cafes of King Charles the Second^ a 
King ffiUiam : For King Chap 
daily faw the Duke of Tork ; a 
King fViUiamj the Frincefa jinn 
their Freiimiptiye Succefibrs*. 

cl. As to two Courts in one Kingdo 
there can be no more Inconvenience 
That, than there was in the Duke 
Tork's Court to YSm^ Charks^ or 
the Princefs j4nne's Court to Kii 
WiUiam : But, on the contrary, the 
muft accrue great Convenience j f 
Experience has Ibewn, that the Pr( 
fence of thofe two Succeffors^ greatl 
aflured and facilitated their Succ^ot 
and Acccffions to the Throne. 

3* ^ 



certain Original Tapers j Sic. 1 6 1 



3. As to Guarantees ; that Objeftiort 
muft vanifh, when the very fame 
Thing is Propofed and Agreed toj 
both by France and Great Britain^ iit 
relation to the French and SpM'ifh \ 
Siicccffions i as appears, in exprcfi 
Words, by the Qiieen's Speech : Why^ 
therefore, ftiould not the Britifj Suc- 
ceflion have as gpod Guarantees, as 
the French and Spamjh ? What Colour J 
of Realbn can be given to the con- 
trary ? 

Copy of a Letter pom R. Acherley, to Hi^ 
Highmfs the Ele£ior of Brunlwick. 

Loiulojt, 20th oi Oili/l'er 1712, 

Numb. V. 
May it pleaji your Htghmfsy 

HI S Excellency, Monfieur Leibnitz, 
was plealed to intimate to Dodor 
y«/^aj Brandjhagen^ th e Acceptance of my 
Two Papers. My Third and Laft Argu- 
ment on that Head ( tranfmitted by the 
Dodor) now attends your Highnefs : I 
hope 'twill not be found Impertinent. 

But there's one Circumftancc feems, yet, . 
leccfliiry to accompany the 'Propofitioa ; 
S 3 without 



76i Jn A P P iE N J> I X of 
without which, the Whole will proccei 
but indifFtrently. I adventure to mentionl 
it lo Your Highiiefs only : It is, That th' 
Princefs Sophia be prevailed vvith, to offer, 
at the fame time, "to Pemife or Surrender 
I to your Highncis, to make you the Imme- 
I diitc Succcflbr. 1'hat View, would give 
[ the Propofiticn Strength, aiid infule Vigour 
into your Friends : Whereas, the wholc^ 
W.itter will be mixed with Wcaknefs and' 
Coldnefs, fo long as your Friends can only 
Value thcnifclves on the Prcfencc of a Prin- 
cefs ib fir advanced in Yeats, tho', othcr- 
1 \vife, perfectly well accompHJhcd. It fecms 
J apparent now, that your Highneff.'s Suc- 
■ icflion nmft be attended with Struggles ; 
I W hat elfe can be theMeaning,ofSCrengthen- 
ing Franee, your implacable Popifh Enemy; 
and Weakening Holhwdy your faft Prote- 
. ft;tnt Friend ? What clfe can be the Mcan- 
:, of Employing or Conniving at profli- 
gate Scribblers, ironically, to Debate the 
Jiucceflion (More lud'iiro^ giving the Ad- 
vahtage of the Argument to xhz Pretender ? 
, What clfc mean thofe Audacious Menaces, 
^.that arc daily fcaltercd ? Not to mention 
'. numerous other fmaller Circumftanccs, 
which, by Little and Little, will Undermine 
the very J'oundaiioh. The Principle, there- 
fore, in the Contention, ought not to wanti 
?ny of Your Highneis's Advantagious Qua- 
lifications. 
II'-.; Your 



I 



\ 



certain Original Tapersy &c. 165 



Your Friends are, at prcfent, by far, the 
major Part : But the Want of a Head 
Countenance them, gives Advantage to thi 
Adverfe Party. Your Highneis's bare Pre- 
fence, amongft your Friends, will be 
Terror to Traitors. 



m 



I humbly entreat your Highncfs's Ex- 
cule, for my Plainnefs, and Want of due 
Forms ; And that it may be beheved, thai 
1 am, with profound Refpcct, 

Tour Highmfss 
fc^^^ Faithful Servant at ^repnty 
^^^Kf and SiibjeB in Exfe0ame, 

^^ R. Acherle)V^ 

1 humbly afk the Concealment 
ot my Name, as well from 
Friends as Enemies. 



i.xtra£i out of Baron Borfimer'j iMter from 
the Hague, November the %thy 171 2, 
to the Do^or. 

Numb, VI. 

np H p late Writings, you have fent me, 

-■- of that Known Friend, I fhall mtfi'il 

to commmmate them to the due flacc ; His 

S 4 Argu- 



J 



1^4 ^» Appendix of 
Arguments are SoUd^ and very -well D'lgefted, 
*nd he is Right in jill : But iheQucftion 
is, H<rw this Ciife can be brought into th^ 
Treaty of Peace ? That Defirty and tb^ 
Tropofit'ion, jhouU be done by the Court of 
Great Britain^ and her Minifters ; and if 
fuch can be cxpefted, at p'eicnt, I leave 
Others to judge : Yet this diminifhes no- 
thing the Obligation, which is due to that 
Known Friend, for his good AfFcflion ; 

I which, I pray yoit to a^ure hhny 1 ■will ae- 

Mjtaewled^ej on all OccaJjoTis. 



. Acherley'j Anjwer to Barou Bothmcr'j 
^ejiiotts. 

14th Nov. 171a. 

Numb. VII. 

•'T' H E S E ^eflions being demanded, 
-*■ How the Propofition can be brought 
into the Treaty of Peace ? And, Whether 
it is not moft proper to Proceed from Great 
Britain^ and hei Minifters ? And, Whe- 
any fuch a Thing can be expeded at this 
Time from them ? 

My Jujluers are ; 

The very Reafon of my making the Pro- 
pofition, and urging it to be infifted on by 
His 



r 



I 
I 



certain Oi'iginiJ 'Papers J See. 16 j 

His Eledoral Highnefs's Minifters, in Con- 
cert with the Allies, was, Becaufc it is 
never to be cxpeded from Thefc Bril'tJJj 
Minifters j therefore it muft be done by 
the Way, I propofi;, or fome other Way. 

The Manner how it may be done, feems 
to be plain : 

The Queen her felf, and her Miniftry, 
have judged the SuccelTion ib material, 
that we are told from the Throne, That 
there is to be an Article in the Peace^ to 
Secure it : It is ( as the Speech fays ) to 
be acknowledged in the ftrongefl: Terms ; 
and there is to be an Additional Security, 
by Removing the Perfon, who pretends to 
Difturb it, out of the French Dominions. 

Is it not, therefore, the moft natural 
and homogeneous Thing in the World, 
for the Houfe o^ Hamver to infift on hav- 
ing an Explanation and an Enlargement 
of that Article, to meliorate the Security? 
The Houfe of Hajwver are not to intro- 
duce into the Peace, a new Article in their 
Favour : Great Britain has done That 
ready to their Hands j but the Article is 
defective. 

For what fignifics Acknowledgments, in 

the ftrongcft Terms ? Have not we feen 

ihcm 



r%66 ^« A P P E N D I X o/ •■ 

them Difown'd at Pleafure, in the Cafe of I 
King miliam ? '\ 

What fignifics the Removal of the Pre^ 
tender, a League out of the French Domi- 
nions, when there's no Article not to Affift 
him i whca there's a Guarantee offered for 
the French SucccfTion, but none for the 
Britijh Succeffion ? 

The Houfc of Hanover therefore, have a 
Right to Inlift on an Araendmcnc of this 
Artide, by adding to it the tropofidon. 

TheNeceifity of doing fomething of this 
feind, grows every Day more flagrant : For 
the Preutider's Intercft grows up fo fall, 
that he will, in a fhort time, (being Sup- 
ported by France) Dilpute his Title, both 
by Arguments and Arms : It is the Shihh- 

leth of the 'Treteuder's Parly Down wk^ 

the Dutch. His Picture is every where, 

pubtickiy Expofed to Sale, even in A^^- 
minjier-fitll. 

jfn Extract oat of Baron Bothraer'j Letter 
from ;^f Hague, Dccemb. i6, 1711. to 
\ the DoBor. 

Numb. VIII. 

Y O U R Letter of the i^th of November I 

•* have receiv'd, together with the Inchi'd 

from that kmwji Frkndy and have not been 

wanting 



certain Or igifial Tapers, &c. 167 

wanting to comminiciite the fame at the 
Due Place, where the K'nidnefs is b'lghlf 
Efieem'd^ (meaning by the Eleaoral Prince 
then Duke oi Ca7nbnifge) ; which there ap- 
peared in his judicious Arguments in tliat 
good Caule. 



Extras oat of Mon/jair LeibnitzV letter 
from Vienna, Dccemb. the ythy lyiij 
to the DoBor. 

Numb. IX. 

I HAVE receiv'd your Acceptable Let- 
ter, which follow'd me to Vimna^ where 
I got Orders immediately to Repair from 
Ji&rlin : Ihave fent the Letter and Pafer to 
hh Eklforal highvefs^ and the others 5 and 
I doubt not but the Letter of that Good 
Friend will come to his Electoral Highnefs's 
Hand, and that his very fenfible Memoir 
will Duly, and according to his good Merit, 
he Efleemd : And therefore yoa inay very 
nmll ajfare the Siear, the Author thereof, 
fhat there is made iiofmall Coiijlderation by 
iis forhiaZealand very Reafoiiabk thoughts. 
As to the Matter itfcif, the ^/-/r^ Minillry, 
(if it be prcffed to Eftabh'fti and fettle Faft 
the Succeflion by the Prefence of the Suc- 
cefTor) will Recoil upon the former Mini- 
ftry and the Parties at that Time \ as the 
Earl of Rochcper'Sj Lord Havsrfhams, and 
others 



i68 ^» Appendix of 

others Propofition, which tended the feme 
Way, and were Openly Rejeded j and that 
^xtKowhnd Gwifs's Letter (not^vithftanding 
it was Guided by a Letter from her EleQo- 
lal Highnefs) was forbidden, and cenfured : 
And I have, fince that Time, let the Bifiiop 
of Salisbury and others know, that, in my 
Opinion, they might Repent one time or 
other to have made this Step, 

And whereas there is in the Memoir, 
That it would be High Trealbn to Op- 
pofe the F.ftablifhment ; then the prefent 
Miniftry will lay, that the whole Parlia- 
iDcnt did the lame. 

And what is fald in the Second Part of the 
Memoir, or N''3, That France in the Articulde 
SiahilimeKti &icceJJio»is Britaiinici;^, cannoC, 
with Reafon, Oppofe, &c. This is in all 
Things right well, but it is not the Que- 
ftion ; for France^ in this Matter, wil) not 
fo ibon meddle itfelf, but will put it all 
npon the Britijh Miniftry : And if the 
Q^icen and Parliament have no more Care 
for the Security and real Eftabliihment of 
the Succeflion than hitherto they have had, 
all the Propofitions to Utrecht will help no, 
thing, and will fcrve only for a Pretext to 
make believe, that we dcfpife the Nation, 
and will prefs thro' by the Help of Stran- 
gers. 

U 



J 



certain Original Papers, Sec. 269 

It was therefore to be wifti'd, that iuch 
like Laudable and Right Patrjoticfc CofifiUa 
might come in Confidcration in the next 
SeSon of Parliament, 

I In my Abfence, it will be good to in- 
form the Baron Bothmer of all, and com- 
municate the Memoir of the Author alfb 
unto him : And whereas the Baron Grote^ 
Son to the former Prefident of Chamber 
(which now really is Inftall'd a Privy Coun- 
iellor of Eftate with us) foon will be in 
Knghndy if he is not already arriv'd there; 
M. Brandjhage}i would do well to addreft 
himfelf alfo, to make the Author of the 
Memoir acquainted with him, if the faid 
Author think it convenient. 



\^ Letter delivered hy Mr. Goddecken, Secre- 
tary to Monf. Kryncberg, to R. Acherley, 
as from his Eleiioral Highnefs. 

[The Original is in Mr. ^s Hands.] 

>«• ■!, >77t' 

Numb. X. 
SIR, ' 

HP H E Eleflor hath received your Lct- 

•*■ terof the 20th o^Oiiober^ which hath 

been fcnt back to him by Mr. Leibnitz 

from 



%7o Jn Appendix of 

from yie/ifjjy where he is at prefent. Your 
Name thall be conccai'd with all Care. The 
EieiSor doth not think your Propofal about 
the Eledtrels his Mother to be Sealbnable, 
eipecially during this prefent Parliament. 
His Elefloral Highneis hath had your three 
Memoirs laid before him, <ind Orders me to 
Return his Tl:)anks to you for fnch Marks of 
your Zeal ; and to tell you, that Baron Grote 
(who is now at London) hath fcen thoie 
Memoirs before lus Departure from hence j 
and that you are defired to apply to him 
in time to come, as often as you have any- 
thing worthy to be icnt to the Eleftor. 

The faid Baron will tell you tlie Reafons, 
why Utrecht is not thought to be the pro- 
per Place to propofe fuch wholjbme Mea- 
fcires^ as are contained in your faid Memoirs. 
1 am, 

SIR, 

7mr mojl Obedient 

Humble Servant, 



T. R. 

[Tills was Monfieur Robetbon.} 



M 



certain Original TaperSf &c. 271 

^a Extra^ oat ofMonfiear Leibiiicz'j Letter 
to Mr. B. the DoBor. Dated at Vienna 
May the 6thy 1713. 

Numb. XI. 

A FTER they let Sink tbe'ir Hands in 
"'*■ Holland, our Court was forc'd to let it 
Go, as it is Gone ; yet it is hoped, that 
on all Sides, they have not Run too much, 
and that Holland will have a watchful Eye. 
It was not in the Power of the Court oi Ha- 
iiover to fiop the Torrent, that broke thro' 
in Hollam ; but it may, perhaps, foon nin 
away, and the Mhds in England m^y alfo 
come to other Thoughts. The Death of 
Baron Grote was a Misfortune to the Good 
Caufe J but I hope there will foon come a 
Brave Man in his Place, that will give a 
Helping-hand to all the Well-mioded. 

iS/b/p, The Corrcfpondence ceafed until 
September 1713. In which Month Mr, 
Leibnitz wrote to Mr. Brandfiagen, 
intimating. That he was forry that 
Mr. R. Jl. had Ceafed his Corrcfpon- 
dence. 

He fuggefted, That the Houfe o^ Hano- 
ver were in great Doubt touching their 
Siicceffion ; and that a Cloud was 
come over it, thro' which they could 
^not ice. 

He 



He therefore defired to know, whether 
Mr. Acherhy could think of any other 
Means, that would be Effedual to In- 
troduce a Prince of that Houle into 
England. 

Mr. j4cherky thereupon conceived, That 
(he Writ of Summons, for the Duke of 
CambridgSy would be EifeduaL 

But to make the Thing Intelligible to 
Thofe Beyoiid-Seas, he thought himftrlf 
obliged to Explain the whole Matter of it, 
in fuch a Manner, as he has done in the 
Letter following. 

This he thought the more neceffary, be- 
caiife, by all the Letters from Jilr. LeibhUsi 
and Baron Bvthmcr, he obferv'd, they did 
not rightly apprehend the Dcfign and In- 
clinations of the Minilters, or of the new 
Farliamt-nt. 

For they feem'd to think, that nothing 
could be done, unlefs it firft moved from 
the ^een or Her Alimfters^ or Her Parlia- 
ment i than which nothing could be more 
Remote, or lefs Expefted. 



Co^y 



1 



vertaitt Original 9^ap0rsy 8cc. 17 j 

• f 

. * . ' t . • 

Copy (f a Letter from R. Achcrlcy to Mon-^ 
Jieur Leibnitz^ M Vienna; 

Lendenj O^ob. 20^ 1713. 

Numb. XIL 

T^HE InttoduaiOn of a Prince, of ouf 
^ moft Iliuflrious Houfc of Hanover ^ (in^. 
tcrefted in the Succeflion) with Honour in-^ 
to this Kingdom, being my Prindpal Aim^ 
I have waited, the Completion of the Ele^ 
dions of a new Houfe of Commons, hoping^ 
that the Ferment the Trading Part of the 
Nation, is in, on Account of Giving up 
our Trade to France^ would have produced 
a Majority of Hearty Friends j but the In- 
fluence of Money, iffued from a Place, not 
to be named, has fo corrupted the People^ 
that they continue Stupid* 

A Tree is known by its Friiics. If you 
depend on fickle Proteftations^ Diiappoint««. 
ment muft enfiie ; For what Greater Con- 
tradidion can be given to their Prdteftatiobs^ 
than to fee Papifis and Nonjurors fo Ele-* 
vated, as they are by publick Infinuations 
made in Print, and otherwife, of the Pre-- 
tender's Right, and of his Converfion to 
the Protefiavt Religion j and not only ib^ 
but as if* that Converfion were procured or 
cffefted by Miniftcrs, employ 'd by a Great 

T Lady : 



174 -^» Appendix of 

Lady : And all this done not only with 
Impunity, but as it were Encouraged : 1 
fay, ihefc arc the Fruits, which Denote the _ 
Tree ; our Aggrandizing the Pffmtr ofW 
France, and Rejoycing at her Beating Down \ 
and Trampling on the Germanic Liberties^ ( 
and confequently his Eleftoral HighnefaV 
Friends, is an Undeniable Evidence of what 
DeGgn lies Coyered : No-body can be fo 
blind as not to lee, that the French King, 
after he has finifted his Meafures in Ger- 
many^ may, by Drawing Down his Forces 
to his Frontiers next England^ and by thtf 
Ailiftancc of his Friends here, Impofe on 
us, what Laws, and what Succeflbr he 
pleafes. 

I From thefe and many other Things, 
which daily happen, I infer, that there is 
an Jbfohtte NeceJfUy^ for the Houfe of ^i- 
tJover^ to make fome Effort, to Introduce 
here, fbme One of that Serene Family, In- 
tcrefted in the Succeffion. 
M 



I humbly intimate my Opinion, as to the 
Planner of doing it, and the Plan, upon 
I which it Ihould be propos'd. 

I. As to the Perfon, I humbly conceive, 
it cannot, at prefent, be the Princcfs So- 
fh'ia, becaufe, noivvichiVanding the Shining 
Virtues of that High-bom Lady, her far 
Advance- 



r 



ctrtain Original Papers, Sec. 17 5 
Advancement in Ycais, will give the Ad- 
vantage of faying, that her Coming is necd- 
lefs i For what Expedation can an Ancient 
Lady have to fucceed, or furyive a Perfon 
fo Young as our Queen ? 

2. With the Greateft Refpea and Sub- 
miflion, I moll humbly propofe, that ic 
cannot be, at prefent, his Elcftoral High- 
nefs, becaufe every DifafFeftcd Perlbn will 

j be ready enough to fay. That fuch a Mo- 
tion muft mean fomething more than a 
I peaceable Correfpondence, in regard his 
I Highnefs, at this Jun*£lure, has Engage- 
, ments enough at Home to take Care of his 
own Dominions. 

3. It miift therefore be the Eleftoral 
Prince, hisHighnefsthe Duke oi Cambrii^gey 
becaufe he is a Duke and Peer o^ Great Bri- 
taifi^ and has therefore a Right to Sit in 
Parliament^ and to Advife and Promote what 
Methods may appear Effectual, Co Secure 
the Rightful Succefiion to the Crown, in 
his Family. His Precedency is already fet- 
tled by A& of Parliament, viz. To rake 
rUce of all, as a Prince of the Blood. 

4. As to the Manner of the Arrcmpr, I 
hun^bly propole, That the bcft Way will 
be to Dimaiid of the Qiiccn, by a Mcnio- 
moridl or Petition, that his ii'rit of Sitmrnons 

T i and 



176 An Appendix of 

and a proper Meffenger be fent to Call his 
Highnefs, the Duke of Cambridge^ to come 
and lake his Place in Parliament as a Peer, 
and as one of the Princes of the Mood of 
Great BrifaJK. 

J. That the Beft and moft Scafonabic* 
Time of prcfenting fuch a Pedtlon will be 
in a few Days, after the Queen has made 
her Speech, at the Opening of the next 
Parliament : Which appears from this Di- 
lemma \ If file fpcaks Kindly and Affe^io- 
nately of that Houfe, the Mlnlftry will have 
the greater Difficulty, to find a Colour to 
Deny fo reafonable a Demand, without 
downright Contradifting Her Majefty's 
Speech : If She fays Nothing of the Suc- 
ceflion in the Houfe of Hanover, then the 
Demand may Appear more Necejfary^ be- 
caufe, in that Cafe, it will be pretty plain, 
that the SucceiTion in the Houfe of //i(«o- 
ver is flighted, at leaft. 

6. This Memorial or Petition would ap- 
pear fo Reafonable and Popular, that none, 
but the moft Malicious Enemy, could Op- , 
pofe it, or ib much as pretend it to beNeed- 
lefs or Uimecejpary : For who can Deny, 
That the Duke is a Peer of Great Britain ? 
Who can Deny his Right to Sit in Parlia- 
ment ? Who can Deny the JVeight of his 
Concern to Propofe, Debate, and Promote 
whatever 



certain Original 'Papers J Sec. 277 

whatever may be reaibnable and neceflary, 
to fccure the Succeflion to the Crown, in his 
Family, and to complain of whatever may 
be done, or omitted to the Weakening and ' 
Prejudice of it : It would carry in it a Face 
andf an Air, not of AsHng a Favour, br/f 
Demanding a Right. 

SIR, 
Some Parts of this may probably found ' 
Harih, and therefore I entreat you to Mol- 
lify them in Favour of 

Tours. 8Cc. J 




^y% ^« A P P E N D I X of 

[ ^ Copy of Monfimr Leibnitz'j Lstter to^ \ 
R. A. Dated \m. 13. 0.5. 1713. 
Monsieur, 
['AY toujours trouve vos pcnfees tresfoli-, 
I des, & ceijx avec qui j'en ay commu- 
nique, en ont fait le meme jugemcnt. 

Mon Abfence ne m*a point permis d'aller 

■ i la Source, comme j'aurois fait, fans cela, 

pour les faire valoir comme il faut j mais je 

\ taclierayde kfaire mieux a mon Retour. 

I'ecris maitenant a M. le Baron de SchutZy 
!'j)0ur luy dire, Monfieur, que j'ayreceu quel- 
|<Ques fois des Remarques de votre part, fur 
jlcs quelles mon Seigneur TElefleur fiC Met 
-fieurs les Minifters ont temoigne leur Agre- 
' merit ; & que je fouhalte qu'il ait I'avan- 
tage de connoitre en vous une Perfonne qui 
a egalement du Jugement,& de la bonne In- 
tention; Ainfije crois que vous I'obligeres, 
Monfieur, en luy rendant v'lfite, & en en- 
trant avec luy dans une connoiflance plus 
particulicre. 

J'ay parleicy avec des Perfonnes bien in-, 
formees, d'ont quelques-vous ont ete de- 
puJ5 pcu a Barkdiic ?n ^orrij;Hf,qui m'aflreu- 
rent, tons unanimement avec beaucoup de 
Circomllances, qu'on n'y voil point Ja moin- 
. drc marque que le Chevalier d' S.George Ibit 
I porte a changer de Religion, mais pliitot tout 

ie. 



i 
1 



€$vki$n Original 'Pap^n, &c. x?^ 

In English. 

S r R, 
T Huve always found your Thoughts very 
■ SoHdj mid Jo have 'Thofe to •whom I have 
commumcated them. 

My Abfence has not permitted me to go to 
the Source^ as I jhould have done^ to make 
them have their due Force ; hut FU endeavour 
to do ft better at my Return. 

I write now to hdonjuur the Baron de 
Schutz, to let him know^ Sir^ that I have 
Jbmetimes received Objervations from you^ of 
which my Lord the Eleftor and his Mini- 
fters have exprefs'd their Good Liking ; and 
that I a^ndejirous^ he Jhould have the Benefit 
to kfJow in you a Perfon^ who hath both^ 
Judg?7Knty and good Intention ; Therefore I 
believe^ iSiV, you will oblige him in making 
him a Vifitf and entrhig into a more parti- 
cular Friendjhip with him. 

I have dljeourjed with JotM ^erjons herifM 
welt acquainted., fame of whom have been 
lately at Barleduc in Lorraine, who ajf 
tne unanimoit/ly^f with many Ctrcumftances^s 
that there cannot be dijcerned the leaft Sigtfj' 
that the Chevalier de St. George is inclined to. 
4/.>ange his Religion, but rather the contrary : 
T 4 Indeed 



%%o ^» Appendix 0/ 

Ic contrairc, je crois en efFeft, que tant qi 
vivra le prefent Roy de France 8C la Reigi 
Marie Douairiere d' jingle ter re il ne le f? 
point ; mais je ne l^y ce qu'il purroit fai 
dans la fuite. On me dit qu'il a quelqui 
chofe de la Phyfiogmonie d* Charles I. q 
n'cft pas heureufe. 

II femble, qu'il efpere d'etre fetabli c 
^pgleterre par les Forces de la France c 
temps de Paix ^ car elle eft toujours fufi: 
iamment arm^e^ pendan^ que les autn 
font deiarmes £c def-unis. 

Je ne eroJs pas que vos Trainb.ands foyer, 
en* affees bon etat pour ^n. iatt^ridre un 
grande Refiftance : Quinze Mille Homme 
font capables de fe lendre Maitres de Z(?» 
dres^ 8C puis dq toutc V jingkterre. 

Un Prince de la Maifon d' ffanover y fe 
roit neceffaire \ ipais up EtablifTement & 
un -Agrcment de 1^ Reigne femblent etn 
requi§ pour cela^ popr faire la chofe ave< 
Dignitc & Surete. 

Si la Motion lie vient pas de la Cour, i] 
fjudroit qu'cUe vint du Parlcment. Je croii 
qu'elle pourroit aller en Termes generaus 
a un Etabliffement qui mift le Succefleui 
Eroteftant en etat de fubfifter honnorable- 
ipent en AngUterre^ & d' y avoir fa Maifon, 
Cour, 8C Officiers. 

Je fuis bien afleure qu'on ne chprcheroi'eni 
poipt^ en eel a une utilite particulicre chiez- 
rious. 3 Ave( 



certain Original Papers J Sec. 2S1 
Indeed I believe he ivill not do if, wh'ilfl the 
frejent King of France and Mary the ^ueen 
Dowager Jive ; but what he may do after- 
■wards I catwot Jay. 'They tell /ne, he has 
fbniething of the Phyfiognomy of King Charles 
the F'trf, which is not Fortunate. 

It feems he hopes to be EfidbVifh'd in Eng- 
land by the Forces of France, in Time of 
Peace j for fhe is always fufficiently jirmed^ 
•mhilji others are Difarmed and Di/imited. ^ 

I dot/t believe your Train' d^bands are injh 
good a Condition, as to hope they can make 
any great Rejijiance : Fifteen ihoujavd Men 
ate capable to make themfehes Mufters of 
London, and afterwards of all England. 

A Prince of- the Houje of Hanover there 
(meaning in England) would be ncceffhy j 
but an EJlabliJhment and a Confent of the 
Qyittnfeem to he reqiiifte^ in order to do the 
Thing with Dignity and Safety. 

If the Motion comes %t from the Court, 
it would be fit it Ihould come from the Par- 
liament. / th'mk it might be moved, in Ge- 
neral Terms, to have a Settlement which fijould 
put the Proteftant SucceJJor in a Coudition 
to fubjiji, honourably^ in England, and to 
have a Houfe^ a Courts and Officer S' 

I am very fare, that we (honld not feth any 
particular Advantage in this Matter here- 



A 



zSi ^» Appendix of 

Avec ccla on poutroit defirer que k 
Prince Eleftoral allat dc temps en temps 
en Afgkterre : Mais fi la Prevalence d< 
mal Intentionnes pcrmettra au Parlementde 
venir a de telles Relblutions, il eft a ^ceux 
qui font prefens d'enjuger. 

H court un bruit,cotnmc fi la Cour tachoit 
de regagoer quelques "Whigs d'iraportance j 
fit. mcme commc fi les chofes fe pourroient 
changer en mieuxj mais j'ay de la peine a 
Ic croire. 

Il depend beaucoup de la Paix, qui fe 
traite entre I'Empire 8C la France : Si cette 
Paix fe fait defavantageufe pour VEmpirey 
les Affaires encore en .Angkterre iront de 
mal en pis \ mais jufqu' icy X'Empereur a 
tenu firme. 

On apprendra, en peu de jours, aquoy les 
Conferences de Rafladt aboutiront. Je Smi 
avec Zcle, 

Monsieur, 

Votf^tres humble & 
tres obeifant Servheur^ 

Leibnitz. " 
Vicnne, cei$ de Janvier 
1714, S.N. 

[_7l)ss -uiat i^Jan. 1713, O.S. 



1 



certain Original Papers, Sec. z 8 j 

In this Manner^ one might dejire that the 
Prince Ele^oral might go, from time to ttme^ 
into England : £«/, whether the Prevalence 
of the Difaffeded Party will permit the Par- 
liament to come to fuch ReJohitionSj belongs 
tQ them that are prejent^ to judge. 

^here rmis a Reforty as if the Court was 
eedeavQurifig to gain ovtr fome IVhtgs of Im- 
portance ; and alfo, that Matters were like 
to Change for the Better : But I can hardly 
believe it. 

It depends very much upon the Peace, which 
is Treating between the Empire and France : 
If this Peace be made Difadvantageous to the 
Empire^ the Affairs in England will grow 
worfe and worfe ; but^ as yet, the Emperor 
has flood firm. 

JVe fhall leara, in a few Daysj haw the 
Conferences at Raftadt are like to End. 
J^ amy with Zealy 

S I R, 

Your moft h^jmble and 
moft obedient Servant, 

LiE IB.NITZ. 

this 1 3th of 
January 1 7 1 4. 

[Thw being New Stile, it wi5 die 2d di-Jsmarj 
I7||, OldScile.] 
ff.B. Monlieur l-tibmtz. being at Yitn-m,\x was too fir out of 
the Way, to write to him a Letter 0/ ilich Hafte iml Im- 
portance M the next Letter wis. 



z84 ^» Appendix of 

\ 
Copy of the Petition, iaclofed and fent to 
Baron Bothmer, in the next Letter^ 
~ dated the ^th of Mitch 17,4. 
i* 

To the Qy e e n ' j Mof ExceUeut Majejiy : 

^ht Humble Petition o^George Augustus 
Duke of Cambridge, 

Sheuethj 

THAT Your Majefty having, of your 
great Goodneis, created Your Peti- 
tioner, a Duke and Peer of Great Britain.' 
And it being the Conftitution, r— That 
every Peer hath a Right and Privilege to 
Sit and Vote in Parliament j 

Tour 'Petitioner J therefore, humbly prays 
Tour Majefy, to grant him his fFrit 
ofSnmmons^ to Call him to Sit ami 
Vote in the prefect farlianient. 



Copy of a Letter from R. A. to Baron 
Bothmer, at the Hague. 

March the 9th, i •]\^. 

A Letter, I receiv'd from Monf Leibnitz 
■^ at Fienna, intimates, that he receiv'd 
mine of the 20th of 03ober 1713, and had 
com- 



1 



certam Original Papers, &c. 2 8 y 

communiiatfd it to the Court of Hanever^ 
where my Thoughts of the Method and 
Time of Introducing, Here, His Highnefs 
the Duke of Cambridge, are Approved. 
The only Objedion Monf Leibnitz makes, 
is, That before his Coming, there ought to 
be fome Certainty of an Honourable Re- 
ception ; and of a Revenue, fuitable to his 
Dignity j of proper Officers, Security, &c. 
At the writing my Letter, I was under 
much Defpondency, fearing the Pretender's 
Fadion were grown ftrong enough to at- 
tempt Enervating the Succeffon in this 
Parliament ; But the Queen's Tllnefs caufed 
a very comfortable Difcovery, that That , 

Faftion were Inconfiderablc, and might 
have been pufh'd down with a Feather : 
This Terrify'd 'em, and has produc'd a 
Speech from the Throne, of fuperlative 
Ironies ; and Addrcjfes of both Houfes, 
fuitable thereto : 1 believe, they were all , 

Contriv'd and Penn'd by the fame Hand. 
Yet, notwithftanding their Extraordinary 
Nature, one may collet, Firft, That the 
Miniftry and the Pretender's Fadion were 
in a great Conjier nation. Secondly, They 
dare not, at frcfent^ attempt the Weaken- 
ing the Succcfllon, by any Act of Parlia- 
ment. Thirdly, That They will, never- 
thelci"^. Speak Big. How far thofc Bold 
and D.iring Words and Menaces arc built 
upon the French Po'jjer at Hand , to Sup- 

poit A 



186 JnAvvEi^Dixof 

port and Execute VWj I cannot, at prefentj 
tell : But, in Anfwer to Monf. Lelbmtz's 
Difficulties, I do humbly rcprefent ; 

I. That frcMn the Compleflion of the 
Houfe of Commons, Vo for as it hitherto 
appears, there can be no Encouragement 
taken to adventure a Motion to Invite the 
Duke of Cambridge ; and if fuch Motion 
were attempted, my Lord Tr — r's Band of 
Penfioners in the Houfe, fupported by the 
Queen's Speech^ would elude it : And from 
the Lords, there can be no Hopes. 

a. That it is of the utmoft Importance, 
that the Houft of Hanover Ihould Pujb our 
Miniftry fo far, as to Unmask 'em. 

3. This Forcing the Miniftry, may be 
eafily done, by Demanding a Right ; be- 
caufe it would be too difficult to deny a 
Right : I mean, by this Right, that the 
Duke oi Cambridge fliould, by fuch a Peti- 
tion as is imlofedy petition the Queen, for 
his Writ of Summons to Sit in this prefent 
Partiament. This would be too difficult 
to Deny : Such a Petition, wou'd be, like 
a J-Vedge driven between the Face and the 
Mask. And there can be no Danger of 
the Succefs : Bccaufe a Denial ( being a 
Dem.1l of Right ) would involve all the 
Pecfs oi Great Britain in the fame Cafe : 
For 



1 



certain Original Papers, 8cc. 287 

For if the Duke of Cambridge be Denied^ 
any other Peer might be Denied. I am, 

rout's, SCc. R. J. 



Jifir. Achetley'j Letter to Baron Bothmer;' 
March igth, 17^?. 

Numb. XVI. 
SIR, 

MY Inffl-ence, That the Pretender'% 
Fa£lion durft not, at prefcnt, attempt 
the fVeakenwg the Succeffion in the Houic 
of Hanover J by any AB of 'Parliaments is 
already Falfified : For they have laid the 
Axe . to the Root of the Tree, by Moving, 
to bring in a Bill, To Prevent the Intro- 
ducing any Foreign Troops into this King- 
dom. This Motion is direSly levell'd at 
His Highncfs the Eiedor of Hanover, to 
Difable his Landing Here with Dutch, or 
even with his own Troops. The ^retender'% 
Fadion are pofitive, that this Point will be 
Carried in their Favour. This I take to be 
an Attack in Form ; and fuitable to il, 
they haiten to put the Army and Fleet into 
the Hands o{ Notorious Jacobites : jiU the 
Military Friends of the Hatiover SucAflion 
are to be furri'd-out: Necejfity, therefore, re- 
quires the Duke of Cambridge to Haften his 
Petition and Journey ; that ( befori; Things 



L 



288 Jn Appendix of 
go to Extremity ) He may flop this Pro- 
grels againft his Intereft : Nothing but his 
Prejince can do it : He may depend, that 
the Pretender's Party will fteadily pnrfuc 
their Defign: He (the Duke of Cambridge) 
has now an Opportunity to Prevent and 
Fruftrate 'em ; but Time may foon come, 
that his Landing may be Difficult, if not 
Imprafticable : His chief Friends^ ( &ei;!g 
Scattered^ Difunited, am without a Head) 
will certainly be Manackd, 

If you think it proper, be plealed 
to communicate this to the due Place. 
I am, 

Tour ffwy? Obedient Servanty 

R. A. 



R. AcherleyV Letter to Baron Bothmer. 

April the 2d, 1714. 

IN my Letters of the ^ith and i^th of 
March laft, I was very Importunate 
for His Highnefs the Duke of Cambridge's 
Petitioning for his /f/7f, to be Called to 
Sit and Vote in this prefcnt Parliament. 
I entreat to be pardoned for my Appre- 
henfion, That if He lays not Hold on this 
OppHttnityy to come into this prefent 
Parliament, the Houfe of Hanover may 
£td 



1 



i 



ceYta'm Original 'TnpevSj &c. 289 
£id ^dleu to the Crown of Great Britain .• 
The Hamverian Friends ( for Want of a 
Head ) arc fallen almoft into Defpair ; tho' 
They are the Majority of the People,yet thac 
will not avail, againA the Ruling Power. 

If our lUu/iriouj Houfi ( that has, ; 
prefent, fuch a Number of Friends) willJ 
not hy HoU of fuch a Prafticable Effort, 
but will ftand Neuter and Unconcern'd^ 
their Friends muft Si/sk and Submit^ in re- 
gard they fee their own Strength Diniinifti, 
and their Enemy's Power, Strengthen, daily ; 
Nothing but His Higbnefs's Prcfcnce, can 

Turn or Stay the Tide. How obvious 

muft thcfe Obfcrvations be, That, in any 
of the Qiieen's lUncffes, ( which now hjp- 
pen frequently) the Difaffi;dcd Party may 
contrive to have tiie Pretender Hire lii- 
cogmto ; and, upon the Queen's Death, 
( which, no doubt, they will not want 
Inclination to haften ) how eafy may ic 
be, for the Faction, to Sdze the Hjhu- 
ver'hin JuUices, and Imprifon or Murder 
'them, uij4 frochi'tm the PrcUfider ? I lay, 
How Kafy may this be done, after they 
have wrcflcd the Military Power out of 
the Hands of our Friends, and put it into 
the Hands of our Enemies ? 

And, in the mean time, there is Reafon 

to be je^luus, left tlivv ftiould prevail with 

U the 



ipo An Appendix of 

the Queen's Eafy Temper (even in he 
Life-time) by an jibdicatian^ to mak 
Room for the Pretender. 

Thcfe Things are not more improbahh 
or more inconjijient with common Scnf 
or Reafbn, nor more diredly contrary t 
Self-Intereft, or the Intereft of our Countr} 
than what we have fcen within four Yean 
Be pleafed to fecure me an Excuie, ft 
the honeft Plainnefs ofj 

Tour mofi Humble Servanfy 

R.A 

If you think it not improper, 
be pleafed to communicate 
this to the proper Place. 

Notey Baron Schutz^ by the Order 'c 
the Electoral Prince, ( then Duke < 
Cambridge) demanded of the Lor 
Chancellor liarcourty a Writ of Sum 
mons for His Highncfs, on Monday th 

Memorand* That it was confident! 
whifper'd, That, upon this Critics 
• Junfture, the Whig Diredors of th 
Bank of Englandy privately, relblvc 
to rftife, for His Highnefi the Duk< 
when he arrived, a Revenue c 

40,000 



certain Original Tapers, &c. 2 p i 

40,000 /. per jinn, to fupport his 
Dignity and Grandeur, as a Prince 
of the Blood, 



^ Letter from Mrs. Eliz. Brandihagen, 
to Mr. Acherley, on the ly th 0/ April 
17 1 4, in her Father's Abfence^ {^the 
Doiior Seiff^ /■(&fi« is Cumberland). 

Id luhkh Letter are contained Extra&s of 
two Leiters front Beran Bochmer, to the 
/jU Mrs. Brandlhasen. 

Extrad of the Ftrfi letter. 

T Received your's, with the Inclofcd, 
-^ (meaning the Letter of the jjch of 
March^ and the Petition ) of Mr. R. J.^ 
and I thank you for it ; and 1 defire you, 
Madam, that you wou'd go to the laid 
Gencleraan, mid teU him, ho-jj fmfihle I am 
of his 'Fains a?uf Sincerity for ow lilaflrioiu 
Hoiife ; and that I wou d have writ my 
fell to him, but that I am not Learned 
enough in the EngHJh Tongue, and know 
he underftands not French j but as foon as 
I have any Thing to communicate, I fhall 
fend it to your Father ( the Dodor) to 
defire the Tranflation ; mean while, I defire ^ 
he would cotitiime his good Jffeiiivn and Zeal 
for our lUttftrmts Hoiijk : I have coninni- 
nicalcd hU hovefs Intentions to tlic proper 



t^z Jn Appendix of 

fcrfons ; (meaning Hr. Jcherky's Letter 
of the jith of March ly-^ ) : Pray, alfo, 
give my moft humble Service to him ^ a/id 
if he has any more fhoaghts^ fray fend me 
%h Letters. 

Haag the 37 (16) 
March iTy\- 

I Extra^ of th« Second Letter. 

Vti Received Your's to Day, with the In- 

\'^ clofed to the Countefs of Buchenburgy 

Invhich I cook Care to fend away by this 

KPoft i as alio communicated the Inchfed 

m^o/ttents of Mr. R. A. to the refpeftive 

BijPlace \ ( meanings Mr. Acherley'j Jaid two 

M}Letters^ the one of the i^th of March I7y|, 

Wvnd the other of the ad ojApnl 1714) ', 

■and, pray, make my Excufe once more to 

him, and that I ask his Pardon, for not 

'Writing, by reafon of my not being well 

verfcd in the Englj/h Tongue : But, fray, 

affure him from me^ 7'hat his Zeal for our 

llluftrious Houfey is ivell Accepted^ and 

highly yalaed ; and doubt not, but he will 

•fon hear Somethings 7'hat his Advice wi/ly 

in a great Meafurey he followed -^ and wifh 

he may fill Go on in his good Intention. 

r Haag the 24 (13) 
■. oijp-il 1714, 

Ki Mrs. Eliz. 



f 



-1 



certain Original Tapers^ Sec. 195 

M-s. Eliz. BrandfliagenV Letter h as fol- 
lows. 

SIR, 
T Defigned waiting on you To-morrow^ 
■^ but that, an Hour before your Man 
came, I received this laft from Monfieur 
Bothmer : I had come this Evening, but 
that I took fome Medicines this Morning. 
I hope, Sir, that my Lord BothmerV ll/i 
here, will give you Content. I took Care to 
carry Your's laft Night, to fend away ; 
( meaning, Mr. jicherky's Letter to Baron 
Bothmer^ of the i_5th of y^fril 1714) : But 
the IVefidcnt ( meaning Mr. Kryncberg ) 
was fo embarralTcd with Company, about 
this grand Affair, that he could get no 
Time to write one Letter Yefterday (mean- 
ing ivitiry the n5th of jff'ril 1714. J him- 
felf i but I had it fcnt iafe in Monf. Schuts's 
Pacquet. 

All the News I hear, as yet, is, That 
His Highnefs will be Here about the 26ih, 
if nothing extraordinary prevents him, 1 
hope, about Mi'r/cLy, I fliall know more 
certainly ; by re^fon, one cannot fpcak in 
Pditicular, tor the great Concourlc of 
People, which relbrts to the Rcfident j 
but To-morrow, I dciign to go, prcfently 
after Dinner, and know racrc. 

U 3 Mofl 



2p4 ^^ Appendix of 

Maft of the other Party girc out, That 
the Duke will not Come ; and, That Lord 
Paget is to Prevent it : But the Parliament 
has been Hot at it laft Night very late j 
the Particulars I have not, as yet, heard : 

But fome arc moft certain^ that my 
Lord Ox. will lofc his Place : The Queeii 
fate in the laft Council very late, and fitc 
as Cheerfol as ever, until One o' Clock in 
the Morning. I am, 

SIR, 

Tour mojf Humble 
find Obliged Servant j 

Eli2.B. 



R. Acherley*j Letter to Baron Bothmen 

London J April the -l^th, 17 14. 

TH E Joy of this City is fo Univeirfal, 
^ on Account of the Duke of Gam^ 
hidge's Demanding his Writ of Summons, 
to be Called to Sit in Parliament, that 
there's no doubt, but the Crown will be 
fecure to the Eledor, after the Queen's 
Death; in Cafe the Duke will hold faft 
the Opportunity, Providence has pow put 

into 



certain Original 'Papers, &c. 25*^ 
into his Hands : The Change of Affairs, 

for the Better, is Unaccountable. The 

Caufe of my Troubling you with this, is 
a Rumour Here, That feveral Letters, or 
Melfages, are already fent, to flop the 
Duke's Coming J as if the fame were fent 
by the Queen, It cannot be believed, that 
Her Majefty ( after the Writ of Summons 
was granted, by her Conlent, under the 
Great Seal of Great Britain ) ftiould fend 

any fuch private Mcflage. However, 

my Opinion is, That the DuJce ought 
to be fteady, and purfue his Journey, and 
come direitly for London, and not regard 
any fuch private Meffages, or Letters, that 
his Enemies might, poflibly, have pro- 
cured. Let the Duke appear in ParHament ; 
and thofc his Enemies dare not appear, to 
own or avow any fuch clandeftine Mef- 
fages, or Letters. 

If the Duke will be intimidated, and 
not purfue his Journey, thefe Things will 
follow : His Friends ( being, as it were, 
deferted ) will be expofed to the Rage of 
the Pretender's Fadlon ; And worfc will 
be their Cafe, for having fhewn lb much 
Joy J his Enemies will gain Time to fru- 
ilrate and defeat the Advantage of this 
glorious Opportunity ; his Enemies will 
laugh at, and ridicule, this demanding of 
tijc Writ of Summons ; and will be ready 
U 4 enougli 



] 



\^6 Jn Appendix of 
enough to fay. He was Called and Sum- 
mcned, and what -hinder'd him from 
Coming ? The like Demand can never be 
made again with Honour. 

Otir Patriots already declare, They will, 
upon his Coming, give him a Revenue of 
40,000 /. or jOjOoo /. fer Amu 

I humbly Propofe, That He will plcafc 
to come by Sea into the Mouth of the 
7'hamesy and fo come privately in a Barge 
up that River, and land at the Duke of 
Somerfct's Houfe near Ji'hitehall, to avoid 

orientation and Tumults, I wifh He 

wou'd plcafc to give fpccial Orders, That 
AU, about him do call him by the Name 
of the Duke of Ctimhridge only, and by 
no other Name : If he is called by any 
other Name, his Enemies will take the 
Advantage of calling him a Foreigner. I 
hope nothing will divert his fpcedy Jour- 
ney : Every Day of Delay, v.ill give his 
Enemies, wiiat tliey want, (that is) Time, 
to form and ripen Defigns, to Dilappoint 
him. I entreat my Name may be yet 
fccret. I am, 

our mnj} humble Servant^ 

R. A. 



Letter 



certahi Original Papers j &c. 1 97 

Letter from R. Acherlcy to '£aron 
Bothmer. 

April 18. 1714, 

T^ HE Duke of Cam/r/i/^e's Demanding 
J- a Writ of Summons to Parliament was 
a Thunderbolt to the Pretender's Faction : 
There was no avoiding the Blow : It exceeds 
my Skill to defcribe their Confuiion ; but 
now they begin to Revive. This has put 
me upon imagining, what Iliould be the 
Caufe of their Recovery. My Conjeftures 
are, They hope to render the Stroak Inef- 
fedual, by having procured Ibme Letter 
from the Queen to the Court of Hanover, 
requeftinga ftiort Delay of the Duke's Jour- 
ney } and fignifying, That ihe will fend 
after it a Noble Envoy, to Deliver her 
Reafons more fully : And that thofc Rea- 
fons will be SatisfaJlory, and all this over- 
laid with Figleaf Proteftatipns of Affcdion, 
and how near that Family is to her Heart : 
1 prefumc, they Iiopc, this Expedient will 
obftrucl the Duke, and incline liim to ftay 
to hear, what this noble Envoy has to fay : 
When this is gained, the Noble Envoy 
fhall not make too much Hafte, and fo they 
will gain Time for the SefTions of Parliament 
to difpatch the Moncy-BiUs, and draw near 



198 Jn Appendix of 

to an End ; and then they'll tell ihe Court 
oi Hiuover^ that the Scflion of Parliament is 
very near Rifing, and therefore it will be 
necdlcfs for the Duke o{ Cambridge to give 
himfelf the Trouble of coming to Appear a 
few Days in Parliament \ and the rather 
bccaule the BuGncfs of the Seflions is in 
cffeft finiOied : At this rate they will talk, 
and there is no doubt, but they'll drive 
on the Money-Bills thro' the Houies, and 
then put an End to the Parliament, and 
then fmile at the Duke's Writ of Summons : 
And as fbon as this is done, the Vrench 
King, who lies Hufli Sitting the Parliament, 
will march down his Army to Dunkirk and 
Calais, and tell us what was the Meaning of 
his Preparations in Lorraw. 

In my Judgment, the Miniftry might as 
well fend an Envoy, to defire the Houfe 
of Hanover not to Accept the Crown : For, 
in Fad, that is the plain Senfe and Mean- 
ing of any manner of Delay. We Hanove- 
rians are in Agonies, left our llhiftrious 
Family fhould be thus Deluded ; If they 
Hearken or Delay, they are undone. 

I cannot conchule, without crying out, 
Hafte, and all is Safe j or die all is loft, or 
at leaft, in Danger of being fo. I ask 
raid 



\ 



J 



W certain Original 'Papers, Sec. 2519 

I Pardon for what is faid here amifs, doubt- 
B iiig there is much of It fb. I am, 



Tour Faithful Humble Servant-, 

R. A. 
POST' SCRIP 't. 



My Projeft, of Demanding the Writ, 
appears Succcfsful : The Door is open'd in 
a Legal and Irrefiftable Method : It has, 
and will more and more Unmask the Mi- 
niftry. , 

It was commonly whifpered amongft the 
Pretender's Faftion, that the Monies in the 
Publicfc Funds would be more fecure, if the 
Pretender were King, than if the Ekdor 
were King, becaufe(a3they fay) ihe E/eaor 
cannot come without an Army, but tlie 
Pretender might. This verifies my Con- 
jedure, That they would have the Preten- 
der here Incognito. This expofes the Mean- 
ing of the Motion, to bring in a Bill to pre- 
vent Landing of Foreign Troops; but tiie 
Duke, having his Writ, has broke all their 
Mcaliires. 



Later 



300 y/ff A P P E N D I X of 

Letter from R. Achcrlcy, then at Hanbury- 
Hall ;« Worcefter-ihire, Augiift tht nth, 
1714, {after the ^een's Death) tu Baron 
Bothtner. 

My Lord, 

I Moll heartily Congratulate wkh you, 
That his Sacred Majefty King George 
hath in Peace Afcended the Throne oi Great 
Srrt/rin : Your Excellency is appriz'd of my 
Endeavours to Secure the Succeffion, when 
ic was in tlie Utmoll Danger. As to the 
Matter, that is, Demanding for his Royal 
Highnefs the Duke of Cambridge the H'r'it 
cf Snmmotis^ tho* it had not the Wilhed Ef- 
jeft, yet it had a Good Effeft ; for if one 
obfcrv'd the Defperat'ion of the Letters fent 
to the Court nf Hanover, and the Amnwjtt'ies 
that follow'd amongft the Miniftcrs, one 
may well conclude, that That Demand 
operated, and introduced a Sort of Diftra^ion 
in the Miniftcrs, and probably fet thole 
Humours afoat^ which, in a feafonabfe 
Time, opcn'd the Door for His Majefty's 
peaceable Entrance and Accedion to the 
Throne : I hope therefore your Excellency 
will not tliink me troublelbme or imperti- 
nent, if I ihfire his hhjsfty (mw he is come 
into bis Kiiigdovi) to Remember me his true 
Strvavt. 

I humbly 



J 



certain OrJginal^aperSy &c. 301 

* t humbly intrcat your Excellency's Fa- 
vour to Remind his Majefty of me, and to 
Ask for me, the imall Matters I aim at : I 
will fpecify 'em to Dodor Brandjhagen by 
the Time his Majefty arrives. 

* 

I know your Excellency is crowded with 
Suitors, and therefore I humbly ask Pardon 
for your being thus troubled and inter- 
rupted by, 

My Lord, 



Twr moft Obedient HumhJe Servant ^ 



R. ACHERLET. 



ui Letter 



r 



■ Mr. 



}o2 An Ap P KHO 1 X of 

A LxtUr from Baron Bothmer to R, 
Acherley. 

J a Lcmdres ce ff me Aouft- 

X Monsieur, 

JE voiis fuis fenfiblenient oblige de la 
part que vous ptenes aux changements 
que Dieu a envoyc icy, 8C des Compliments 
que vous aves la bonte de me faire la 
defus. 

J'efpere que nous aurons bientot le Roy 
fit le Prince icy. 

Si vous voulcs prendre la peine de me 
faire connoitre per Monf. Brandjhagen voa 
Intentions comme vous en aves le deflin, je 
me feray un Plailir de les feconder aupres 
de fa M. Eftant avec tout Ic Zelepoffiblc, 

MONSI E OR, 

f^otre tres humhk, 

& tres oheifant Ssrv'itear^ 

Bothmer. 



...N, B. His bte Majcflj' KingGfw^e tht Fir/Jand the Prince 
Royal Landed at Creeim^klt on the i Brhoi Stptm^cr 1714, where 
Mr. Acliirlry attendoJ, hoping he meticed at icaft that eai/ and 
common Favout a; others received, to be Introduced and Re- 
commended to hisMajcfty: But BaronBofiwyfr neither did nor 
wou'd then, or at anytime aftci'. Introduce or Recommend him 
to his Majeily, alrho' his Lordfhip was then, and often after- 
wards, Importua'd ib to do. 

In 



certain Original Papers J 6cc. joj 



In English. 



I^mJeTjfihly oblig'd to you for the Part you 
have taken towards the Ch.u/g^es which 
God hath fent here^ and for the Compliments 
you have the Goodnefs to make me there- 
upon,. 

I hope "ux Jljall have the KifJg and the 
Prince here very fion. 

If you will take the Pains to let tm know 
by Mr. Brandfliagen your Intentions as you 
defign^ I will make it a Plcafure to lecond 
them to his Majefty. Being with allf^jible 
Zealy 

Sir, 

2'our moji 

and moji obedient Servant^ 

BOTHMER. 



^ 



N. B. Mr. Achtrltj (after the Queen's Death) in order to 
ftrei^hcn his Applicuions to the King, wrote to Monlieur 
tiiiniK., Requelhng him to write to, and Remind liit Majcily 
of his Services. In Anfwer to which, Monlieur Ltiir.it>:. wiow 
two Lettws to Mr. Aiherliy, as folli»w. 



One 



J04 Jn Appendix of 

One of thqm was direded to Mr. Acherley 

in thefe Words : 

^flofiovtr cc 28.' de Septembre^ 1 7 14. 
'Monsieur, 

JE ay rcceu a f^ienne THonneur dc votrc 
Lcttre, ccrite avant la Mortc de la Reigne j 
Ics Affaires ay ant change de Face tout d'un 
Coup, 8C le Danger imminent etant paffe 
hcureufement, Graces a Dicu. 

On ne doit pas laiffer d'etre oblige aux 
Perfonnes qui ont montre leur bonnes In- 
tcijtions pendant le Danger^ & le Incerti- 
tude, SC comme quelqucs-unes de vos Sages 
Reflexions ont etc viies autres fois du Roy 
2( des Miniftrcs, je nc dout point qu'on ne 
s'enfouvienne, & j'aurois foindans TOccafion 
d'en faire Convenir. 

Maintcnafit la Moderation, & P Attention 
aux Loix, SC aux Inclinations de la Nation 
feront neceffaires a la Cour, & elles font 
conformes aux Intentions du Roy. 

J'efpere que fa Majefte aura des bonnes 
Intormations y a fin qu'elle puiffe exercer 
fej' Vertues foivant le gres des Peuples, 
de^Perfbnnes aufli-bien Intentionees &C ainli 
eclairees que vous y peuvent contribuer. Je 
fuis ayec Zele, 

Monsieur, 

Votre tres hamhle^ 
& tres oheijant Servitetir^ 

Leibnitz. 
la 



certain OriginalTaperSj &c. 305 

V In English. 

Hanover, Sepwmb. JJ 1714 
Sir, 

IReceh'd at Vienna fhe Honour of your 
Letter, written before ths Death of the 
i^een ; j4ffairs havhig changed their Face 
Ou ON a fudden^ and the Imminent Danger 
iaih happily pajfed over, I'hanks to God. 

Tet they (meaning the Royal Family) can- ! 
mt avoid being oblig'd, to the Perjons, who 
'^avejbew'd their good Intentions., (meaning ' 
■their Efforts) whilfl the Danger and the Heat 
of the Contention lajled \ mid as fame of your 
fage jidviccs have been formerly feen by the 
%ing, and his Minivers, I don't doubt, but they 
BwV/ Remember (meaning Remember to Re- 
compence) them ; iwd I Jhall^ upon all Oeca- 
fonsj take Care to put them in Mind. 

^t prefent. Moderation and a due Regard to 
the Laws and to the Inclinations of the Nation^ 
tbill be necejfary at Court, which are agreeabk 
to the King's Intentions. 

I hope his Majejiy will have good advices j ' 
that he may exercife his Vertties, to the Satis- 
faiiion of the People ; and that '^erjbiis Ji 
•well Affiled and Intelligent as you, will re;;- 
tribute thereto. I am, with great Zeal, 
Sir, 
Your nioft humble, 
and moll obedient Servant, 
Leibnitz. 



jo6 Jn Appendix of 



The other of thofe two Letters was direded 
to Mr. Acherky^ iu thcfe Words. 

M o N 5 I E U R) 

1L y a deuic Ans que j'ay ete abfent de la 
Cour d'HmoTjer^ cc pendant ayant fait 
prelentei vos Papres a Roy, J'ay appris 
qu'on les a trouve raifonables ^ bicn ton* 
des. 

Mais je ne f^avois pas que vous avies 
Confeille la Demande du Writ. 

Comme elle a cte faJte fans Ordrc du 
Roy \ SC qu'on m'a dit que fa Majefte n'cn 

!a pas ete cntierment contcnte \ 
' Je nc faurois dire s'il (era bon ou non 
que vous vous fondies-Ia deflus aiiprcs de 
Ce Monarque ; mais cela ne fauroit ixxz 
defagreable a Monfeigneur le Prince RoyaU 
: 



1 



Comme Moni^ Baron Schzitz fera revenu 
«n Jngkterre avec le Roy, il poiirra vous j 
rendre bon Tefmomage aupres de Monfieurl 
Ac B^rvfdorf tf. de autres Miniftrcs ; mais^ 
il fera utile particulierment que vous faflies 
connoiffance avec M.de Kobetbo>2\ &L aupres 
dc liii il fera peut eire mieux de ne point 
nomnie. 



J 

5 
S 
It 

J 



I 



certain Original Ta^rs^ &c. 307 



Id English. 

Sir, 
TT'/V two 2'eah that I have h'een oBJent frofn 
■*■ the Court of HanovcTj Tieverthelefs having 
caiifed your Papers to he prefented to the 
Khlg^ I have been hform'd^ they ha-Je been 
foiind rational and well fdunded. 

But I did not know that you had adv'i/id 
the Demand of the fFrit. 

^s that Demand was made without the 
King's Order \ and they have told mtf, that 
hisMaje^ywas not inttreiy content with it j 

/ canmt tell zvhether it iviH be pnf'?r cr 
vot for you to injtji upon that Particular to 
the King, but ic cannot be difagreeabic tO 
my Lord the Prince Royal. 

j^s Baro}} Scbutz -unll come into England 
with -the King, he may give you his T^fVimony 
to Maif. JJernfdorf flW the other Mtniflen ; 
hut it -wifl be 72ecejpiry fr you to become ac~ 
^xainted with Monf Robcthon j hut to him 
it 'iVill be bet r^r fir yon nut to name me. 

X 2 J fuefioit 



i 



3a8 An AvvE^vix of > 

Jc doutc q*il foit a propos que j'ecrivc 
immcdiatemcnt auRoy^cn votre Favcur, & 
il fuffira peut etre que je yous recommende 
particulierment a M. le Baron de Bothmrj 
comme je fais par la cy jointe. 

Moofieur Brand/hagen pourra 6tre voire 
Interprctre aupres de lay, SC j'efpere que ce 
ne fera pas fans eflfed. 

* 

Jc vous ay ecrit par la Pofte prccedente, 
& j'ay enfirme la Lectre d'aiis cellc de M. 
Brand/bagen : Mais n'ayant pas encore ecrit 
ii M. de Botbmer fur yotre peribone, je le 
fais prcfentement, dC je vous envoye, la 
Lettre, a fin que vous la puillies rendre j £c 
ce pendant^ je fuis avec Zele^ 

Monsieur^ 

Hanover^ ce /^OftC^ &C^ 

zOSiob, 1714: ^ 

Leibnitz. 



Note the Change, This Minifter never doubted to write to, 
and (hew to his A^fter Mr. AcherMs Letters in Time of Danger 5 
but now doubts whkher it was fit to do £0 much as put his Ma* 
jefty in Mind, of the Servant or the Service after the Danger 
was over. 

Note, Mr. Acherley never fiw the Letter here mentioned to 
be inclofcd j but Mr. Brandjhagen told him, he had delivered it 
to Bbaon Bahmer : But whatever that Letter contained, itprov'd 
to*ho ^wfofi. 

J queflion 



cemin Original Tapers, See. 309 

I quepton -whether It would be to the '^ur* 
Poje for me to write Immediately to the JG^g 
in your Fa/voar \ and it wiil befufficient that 
J recommend you in a particular manner to 
Monfieur the Baron de Bothmer, as 2 do by 
the Letter youwill receive -with this. 

Mbn^eur Brandfhagen may be your Inter- 
preter to him, and I hope it will not be to 
no Purpofe. 

/ wrote to you by the lap Pofl^ and inclos'd 
my Letter in that to Monfieur Brandfhagen j 
hctt not having as yet written concerning you 
to Monpear de Bothmer, / do it now^ and 
fepd yoft the Letter that you may deliver it 
your fdf \ and in the mean time, 1 am, with 
great Zeal^ 

Sir, 

Yours, &c. 



Leibinitz. 

Noit M. Alflut tills Time, in oaeitr 1 7 1+, it began to be 
Dilbwn'd, that Mr.^c6«'/7wasrheirueor only Advilcrorthe 
Demaivd of zhefPrit ef surnmom : And ON the coaaaiy, it was 
ruggeftrf. that others as well as he were concero'd la that Mat- 
ter. (niMning, as is prcrum'd, thole Friends who, in Af-ril 1714, 
Afiifttti and Encouraged Baron Schuix. to Demand the IVrii of 
Lord H»TcoKrt inftead of the Queen), This Pretence put Mr. 
jiehtrlry upon Rcquefting of Monfieur LiihmUL iTeftimonyof 
that Advice which he (Mr. AcherUy) gave on the loth of O/Zoiir 
1 7 1 J, before-mrncion'd. In Anfwcr to whicli, Monfieur tmi- 
mil. Wii fo good, a; to fend the two Letters following. 

X 3 One 



^.jc^ ^Appendix of - 

One of thofe Letters was direfted to Mn 
Achtrkyy aqd was thus. 

Monsieur, 

TTO U S verres par la cy jointe a M. Ic Ba- 
'^ ron de Botbmer^ que je n'ay point voulu 
manquer de vous rcndrc le Tefmoinage que 
voqs n^'aves demandc: Et jc pric meme 1^ 
Miniftre d'y vouloir joindre le fien, & de 
vous faire rendre la Juftice que vous merites 
(Monfieur) felon moq Jugcment* 

Je parle aufli de I'Avi? que vous av^s 
donne ; autrefois dans la L^ttre que j'ecrijs 
snaintenant a fon Excellence IVI. le Baron 
qe Bernjaorp 

Je vous envoye fub Sigillo Volante, ce 
que j'ecris a M. de Bothmer^ a fin, que vous 
puiffies le luy rendre ou faire rendre. Au 
^efte je fuis, avec Zele, 



Monsieur, 

Hanover^ ce 7 f^otrey &C^ 

^ Vecemb. 17 14. 



Le IBNITZ. 



JPifeSied. to Rosef 
Acherley, at Lonc&a* 



In 



certaih Original Tapers, &c. 31 1^ 



In English. 

rO U will fee hy the Inclosed to Baron Both- 
mer, that I would not fail to render that 
J'efiimony concerning you which you de^ 
manded : And I have alfo entreated thatMi-^ 
nijler to join with me therein^ and to do 
you that Juftice (Sir) which you, in my 
Judgment, defervc 

/ have alfo mentioned the Advice you gave 
formerly in the Letter ; / now write to his 
Excellency the Baron de Bernfdorf. 



Ifend you^ with a flying Sealy that Letter 
which I have written to ' Monf de Bothmer^ 
to the End you may either deliver it or fend it 
to him: I rentainy with ZeaJ^ 



S I R, 



Yours, SCc, 



Leibnitz. 



X 4 The 




An A p P E N D I X 0/ 

The other Letter was DireQed to Baron 
Eothmety and was thus ; 

Hanover, y Decemb. 1714. 



Monsieur, 

JE lie puis refufer a Monfieur Roger 
Acherley Ic Temoignage gu'il me ae- 
inande, d'avoir confeiUc dcs le %o ^OBohr. 
i7i5,queMonrignenr le Due de Cambridge^ 
(commc on I'appelloit alors) feroit bien de 
fe dilpofcr a venir en Jngkterre^ SC de de- 
mander un Writ pour cet effeft, a la Sei"- 
fion fuivante du Parlemcnt. 

11 m'envoya alors un Memoire la defflis, 
par Monfieur Brandjbagm : Et comme 
jc mc trouvay a Viemm, j'envoya ce Me- 
moire a Hanover, qui fera venu fans doute 
dans les manis de Mellieurs les Miniftres j 
8t pent etre, auffi, en aurat on fait rapport 
au Maiftte. 

Mais comme 11 me mande de vous, avoir 
repete ces avis, par une Lettre qu'il vous 
avoit ecrite le ^ de Alars de I'an. i /i-i, vous 
pourres Monfieur luy, en rendre temoignage 
aufl], gt plus efficacement que moy j & je 
ne doute poiTit que vous n'y foyes diipofe 
fuivant la Verite &C la Juftice. 



ofe J 



t 



certain Original TaperSj^c. 31J 



In English: 



Sir, 

T Corild not refuje Mr. Roger Aclierley the 
-* 7'ejiinwny he defired^ That he advifed, 
on the 20th of O^ober 1713, 7'hat the 
Duke ^Cambridge {as he was then called) 
■would thivh it necejjary to come into Eng- 
land, and CO demand a Writ for that Pur- 
pofe, at the approaching Seffion of Parlia- 



He then fent to me -a Memorial ahatit it^ 
ly Mr. Brandihagen : Which /, Imng then 
at Vienna, Jhn to Hanover, and which^ 
without doubt, came to the Hands of the 
Miniflers j and perhaps, alio, it was re- 
ported to tlie Matter. 

But forafmuch as he tells me. That he 
had repeated the fame yidvtces to yoa, in a 
Letter that he wrote on the t^th 0/* March 
1 7^, you may liheivife, and more effe^lually 
than J, hear your T^eflimotiy, concerning him ^ 
and, I doubt not, but both Truth and 
Jiiftice will difpofe you fo to do. 

It 



5 14 ^» Appendix of 

II m'a tousjours paru que il avoit non 
fculemcnt bcaucoup de Zele, mais auffi^ 
bcaucoup dc Intelligence ; &, il me femble^ 
que de telles perfonncs mcritent quelquc 
regard. Au rcfte, je me rccommandc a vos 
bontcs^ eftant entierement, 

Monsieur, 

De votre Excellence 

Le tres humble & tres 
ohetffant Serviteur^ 

Leibnitz. 

Hanover, ce 7 De- 
cembr. 1714. ' 

Dire&ed thus ; 

A fon Excellence,^ 

Monfietir le Baron de Botmar, Minljire de 
EJlat du Roy pour Hanover, Londres. 



It 



certain Original Tapers^ &c. 3 1 5 

It has always appeared to mcj That hf 
hath not only much Zealy hut a good Shat0 
of Senfe \ andy in my Opinion^ Juch ?^r- 
Jons merit Dijiinliion. As to what remains^ 
I recommeifd my/elfto your good Qraces^ be^ 
ing entirely y 

Monsieur, 

Tour Excellence's 

moft humble and 

obedient Servant, 

Leibnitz. 



^OSf^ 




9>osrsc Ri'pr, 

AFTER thefc Sheets were printed, 
a ftrange Phsenomenon appeared in 
the Craftjhian of May the lad, 1731 j 
difcovering, That Mr. Oldcapie^ who pre- 
tends to rcTivc the Spirit of Liberty, was, 
in Fad, one of thofe Minifters, in the laft 
four Years of the late Queen's Reign, who 
wantonly pulled down the National Power, 
and endeavoured to fubvert the Nation's 
Liberty : 

For, throwing off the Vizor, he avows 
himfelf to be one of thole, who Traduced, 
and ftill Traduces, our Heroes, Great Marl- 
horoagh and Godolph'm : His Words are 
thefe \ I hiozv no Obligat'ioN of Gratitude 
er Honour^ which he ( meaning himfelf) 
hy under, to contimit in their jidminijlra- 
tion, when the Msafttres of tt were altered, 
"they n^ght have Reajotts^ perhaps^ good 
Dfies^ for jJUering their Meafures : He 
(meaning .himfelf) coa'd have tjowj in 
Point of ffimour^ fur Complying with that 
Altera- 



POSTSCRIPT. 317 

jiUeration. He eame into the fVorld, upoa 
the Foot of a Friend i not as a Creature^ of 
thofe Great Men ; and ( aflerts ) that ip 
came to Courts on the Call of the late ^lueen, 
in Oppofition to Them ; and exerted himfelf 
in her Servicey when They /'erved her m 
hnger ; and did fo, hecAufe more jille~ 
giance -was due to the Prince^ than to the 
Minijler. 

We all know, The Meafures of thofc 
Injured Patriots, were, to Debilitate the 
Houfe of Bourbon, and to Reduce its 
Power, by Refcuing from it, Spain and the 
fVeft-Lidies \ and to Retain fuch a Part, as 
would Reimburfe the Debts of the Nation ; 
and fuch a Power, as would Enlarge and 
Protcft Trade and Commerce. And were 
not" thofe Patriots Juft upon Compleatlng 
thofe Meafures ? We know They purfued 
that Scheme, {a faithfully, fb wifely, and 
fo profperoufly, that They were come 
to the very Point of Finiftiing the Per- 
formance. 

It is therefore Incumbent on this Gentle- 
man, to Ihew the Reafon, why he could 
not Continue in fuch an Jdmimfi ration^ as 
that of Duke Marlboiongh anti Earl Go- 
dolphin ; and what was that Alteration of 
their Mejfurcs, which he could not Comply 
with, 



V 



3iS POSfSCRl'PT. 

with, and which he Diflikcd, and there- 
fore came to Court, in Oppo/ltion to them j 
■ and when, and at what Period, and what 
In/iances they were, in which the Duke 
and the lL^i\ Jerved the ^ueeu m longer \ 
.and what was that Service, in which this 
Gentleman, in order to Gratify the Queen, 
exerted hhnfdf\ and, whether was that 
Service honourable, faithfiil, and com- 
mendable, or the contrary ; And efpe- 
cially, this Gentleman ought to ftiew, what 
were the Foundations, ot that ClevKncy and 
Goodnefs^ of His Late Majefty, and of that 
Mcfcyy His Late Majefty extended to him ^ 
if the fame were (as he fays) Unasked, 
and Unearned. 

His Difficulty, In doing thefe Things, 
will be found, when we confider, That 
His Late Majefty's Sentiments, were far 
from doing any Thing, that was incon- 
fiftent with the National Inteieft of his 
Kingdom. The Mlnifters, therefore, who 
advifed His jMajefty, to fuch a Proceedings 
were highly qucllionable ; becaufe, fuch 
Merc)\ Unasked and Unearned, wou'd 
look too like an Approbation, and wou'd 
be iuconfiftent with the Terms of the Con- 
fticution : For, in the Firjl Injittution of 
this Government, there were cftabh'fhed 
two Sorts of Treafon, call'd Crimwa Lxfae 
Afajepa- 



^ 



POSfSCRfPf. 31J) 

■Majeftatis, and Crimim Ltsjle Libertatts. 
The firft, are too well known, to want an 
Explanation : The lecond, are of a National 
Nature ; becaufe our Kings cannot autho- 
rize them to be Committed; and if Com- 
mitted, cannot Pardon them : Becaufe, luch 
a Power, would make the Supreme Go- 
vernor judge and Party, and, conft-cjucntly, 
Abfolute. This Sort of Treafbns, may be 
feen, in the Cafe of King Henry the S'lxthy 
who authorized Michael de U ^Pole^ Duke 
of Suffolk.^ to Treat fecretly with FmricCy 
and to Deliver up the Town of Muas^ and 
the Country of AUhiy to an Enemy ; and 
to make a Separate Peace, whereby one of 
Eijgldtid's Allies was entirely ruin'd, and 
another of them almoft loli : And in the 
Cafe of King CAw/c'j the Second, who Au- 
thorized his Prime Minifter, the Earl of 
Dasby, to Barter away the National In- 
tcreft, for a Sum of Money ; meerly to 
Aggrandize and Increafe the Power of the 
Houfc of ilortr^o;; ; and then His Majefty 
affumed a Power to Pardon the Treafon ; 
But that Pardon was declared Void and 
Illegal. This Gentletnan, therefore, was 
too Learned, to think that any Authority, 
derived from the late Queen, to Break the 
National Engagements, to Violate the Pub- 
lick Faith, or to make a Separation of 
ForccSj or to Reduce Bf-jf.ihi, to be In- 
ferior 




I 



310 posrscRipr. 

ferior in Power, to the Enemy, &c. couM 
Jufttfy thofe fatal Proceedings, or the Mi- 
nifters by whom they were executed : And 
therefore, he could never imagine that 
more (or any) Allegiance was due, to 
execute fuch dcftrutSive and pernicious 
Orders, be (hey given by any Trincc v/hat- 
Ibevcr. 

If this Gentleman fails, then he may 
be treated with fuch Queftions as thefe : 
Doth he not arraign the Duke of Marl- 
borottgb and Earl Godolpbin^ as Criminals, 
for Carrying on, agdinft the French King, 
a Vidorious War ? Doth he not, in fo do- 
ing, accufe them, That they, in gaining 
Vidories, and Diftreffing that Enemy, 
ceafed to ferve the late Queen ? Doth he 
not, in that Aflertlon, moft unjuftly aflcrt, 
That the Queen efteemed that Service belt, 
which would Turn the Tide of Victory ; 
which Service, the Great, the Viftorious, 
the Faithful, Marlborough and Godolphin, 
would never comply with, nor ferve the 
Qiieen, in fuch a Proceeding ? Doth net 
this Gentleman fay, That he, in doing 
that Service, exerted himfelf ? Doth this 
Gentleman commend the Qiicen's Memory, 
in this Alfertion, or the contrary ? Doth 
not this Gentleman, Juftify the Breach of 
the National Engagements, and of the 
Publick 



1 

I 



I 



PbSf SCRIP f. 3at 
Publick Faith ? Doth he not avow the 
diihonourable Secreting and Denying a 
Separate Treaty ; the fatal Separation 
of the Forces ; and the Giving up Spain 
and the fVe ft - Indies., to Aggrandize 
and Augment the Power of the Houlc of 
Bomhon ? Doth he not avow the Affront 
put upon the Duke of Cambridge, in Ba- 
niihing his Agent, Baron SchutZy from 
Court ? Doth he not Juftify the Imperious 
and Illegal Letters and Menaces fent to the 
Court of Hamver.^ touching the Demand 
of the Writ of Summons, for the Duke of 
Cambridge ? Doth not this Gentleman fay, 
ill Effect, That if thefe Praflices, were to 
be done again, he ( as being Things, in his 
Mind, juft and commendable ) would exert 
himfelf, in doing them over again ? Doth 
not this Gentleman condemn that Parlia- 
ment, as Unjuft, which Impeached and Con- 
demned him, for being ? Doth 

not this Gentleman Triumph in ^ 

and Dare the Nation, to do it felf Juftice ? 
Can the Nation ( if any Spirit of Li- 
berty is yet living ) fit ftlll, and tamely 
fuffer itfeif to be fo Infuhed, and its 
own Ruine firft Effeded, and then Openly 
Avowed to their Faces, by the very 
Offender ? 



331 



posf script: 



If Mr. Oldcafk take thefe Qucftioia 
amifs, he may plcafc to conGder, That 
He is the firft, fince the Queea's Death, 
who hath attempted to gratify the Frencbf 
with placing new Afpcrfions on thi 
Victorious. 



ERRA'fA. 



P\ge 5. for 1 , 
for Ctgatan-i r. Ct^. 



ilnfiitytty read ^Itifiitute. P.ijtf.I.ad. 
'», r. Ceffim. P. 117. 1.6. for Crfathif, 
i.Ce^nn. 'P. xC^. \.ii.ioidoiuBadjt.h»dJim._ 



F t N IS. 




[ 



&OOKS lately Publlfli'd, 

Printed for D. Browne without 
Templc-Bar. 

I. TPHE Englifi Works of Sir Henry 
■^ Spelman^ Kt. publilhed in his Life- 
lime : Together with his Pofthumoua 
Works, relating to the Laws and Antiquities 
o^ Efighnd -^ and the Life of the Author. 
To which are added, two more Treaiifes 
of Sir Henry Spdman^ never before printed : 
One, Of the Admiral Jurifdidion, and the 
Officers (hereof: The other of Ancient 
Deeds and Charters. 

2. A ComplcteColledionof State Trials, 
and Proceedings, for High Treafon, and other 
Crimes and Mifdemeanors ; from the Reign of 
King Richard II. to the End of the Reign of 
King George I. In Six Volumes. Folio. 

5. The moft Notable Antiquity of Great 
Britain^ call'd Stone-Hetige, on Salisbury 
^laifi^ Reftored : By Jnigo Jones Efq; Ar- 
chiteft General to the King. To which 
are added, The Chorea Gigantum^or^Stone- 
Hcnge, Reftored to the Dams : By Dodor 
Charkton. And Mr. Webb's Vindication of 
Stone-Henge Reftor'd : In Anfwer to Dodor 
Charleton's Reflefttons ; With Obfervations 
upon the Orders and Rules of Architedurc 
in Ufc among the Ancient Ro?nans. Before 
the Whole, are prefix'd, certain Memoirs, 
relating to the Life of Iiiigo Jones ; with 
his Effigies, cngrav'd by Hollar ; as alfo, 
Doctor