English-Swahili dictionary

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PL
193
MA
Wodw

ENGLISH-SWAHILI
DICTIONARY

BY

A. C. MADAN, M.A.

>
STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD

SECOND EDITION, REVISED

OXFORD |
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

1902

HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK

oso ITA

PREFACE
TO SECOND EDITION

This Dictionary was originally compiled for the Universities’
Mission to Central Africa, with a view to the difficulties of its
scholars in understanding English books. It therefore con-
tains not only such equivalents for English words as the
Swahili language seems to supply, but also a number of short
explanations in Swahili of words, phrases, and idioms occurring
in modern English, equivalents of which it would be un-
reasonable to expect as yet in Zanzibar. But, on the other
hand, a special effort has been made to meet the wants of
English students of Swahili by a careful distinction of the
different meanings conveyed by the same English word, which
may be a help in avoiding serious blunders in translation.

The compiler has availed himself freely of such aids as
the late Bishop Steere’s vocabularies and writings, Krapf’s
‘Dictionary of the Swahili Language,’ 1882, Pére Sacleux’s
‘Dictionnaire Frangais-Swahili,’ 1891,and various publications
in Swahili issuing from the German Press, making such a
selection of words as accorded with his general object and
personal experience of the language during twenty-one years

“spent mainly in Zanzibar. He is quite aware that the

selection is open to much criticism in detail, but advantage
has been taken of this Second Edition to make some
alterations and additions. 7

Practical usefulness rather than scientific completeness
has been the object in view throughout. If further apology

200622

iv PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

is needed for the very imperfect result, it will be remembered
that, for the purpose of this work, Swahili means Swahili
as generally spoken and understood in Zanzibar, and further
that this dialect has no literary standard. Its vocabulary
is ill-defined and fluctuating, the proportion of Arabic words
(for example) varying largely in different sections of its very
mixed population, while words from every dialect in use
between the Coast and the Great Central Lakes, and from
Delagoa Bay to Further India, from time to time assert
their claim to be incorporated in it, and even a certain
proportion from the languages of Modern Europe.

The English Dictionary chiefly relied upon has been
Webster's ‘ International’ (Bell & Sons, ed. 1890).

A. C. M.

ZANZIBAR, March 8, 1901,

ON THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE AS.
SPOKEN IN ZANZIBAR

THE common language of Zanzibar is but one, and that.a
mixed one, of the dialects of the Swahili language, which is itself
but one member of the vast group or family of languages now
generally known as Bantu, of which Mr. Cust wrote (‘ Lan-
guages of Africa,’ 1st ed., p..345): ‘ This is, and is destined
to continue, one of the twelve most important. languages of
the world.’ The grounds for such an estimate are. briefly
these :—(1) The Bantu languages occupy about one-third of
the whole continent of Africa. Draw a line from the Came-
roons, on the Atlantic, due east to the Indian Ocean, and, with
the exception of outliers of the Hamitic and Nubah-Fulah
families on the east coast bending southward as far as the
Equator, and the isolated Hottentot and Bushmen languages
at the extreme south-west, the whole native population south
of this line speaks Bantu—that is, a population of perhaps
fifty millions, spread over about three and a half millions of
square miles, Bantu is not merely a common name for
a large number of languages which only agree in being
radically distinct from all their neighbours: on the contrary,
it is now generally allowed that all the languages included
under the name are really one. ‘The grammar is essentially
the same. Lepsius enumerates twelve unique characteristics
common to them all (Preface to ‘ Nuba Grammar,’ quoted by
Cust, p. 294). <A few will be noticed in connection with the
Swahili language presently. On the other hand, the languages
included inthe family are very numerous. Cust enumerates

vi ON THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE

168, under three geographical divisions and eight sub-divisions.
And those who speak them are (to say the least) to a large
extent mutually unintelligible. (2) The second important
point, however, is, that the Swahili language is among all
these (as Cust says) ‘the rising dialect,’ and Bishop Steere
‘wrote: ‘There is probably no African language so widely
known as the Swahili. It is understood along the coasts of
Madagascar and Arabia’ [and the whole coast line between],
‘it is spoken by the Sidis in India, and is the trade language
of a very large part of Central or Intertropical Africa.
Zanzibar traders penetrate sometimes even to the western
side of the continent, and they are in the constant habit of
traversing more than half of it with their supplies of Indian
and European goods. Throughout this immense district
any one really familiar with the Swahili language will gener-
ally be able to find some one who can understand him, and
serve aS an interpreter’ (‘Handbook of the Swahili Lan-
guage,’ Preface to First Edition). Commander Cameron
certainly found this true in his journey across Africa. The
Swahili language is thus understood across the whole conti-
nent, from Zanzibar to the mouth of the Congo, and round
the whole sweep of the Indian Ocean, from Madagascar to
India. (3) The third point to notice, bearing on the future
of the language, is that besides sharing with all other
Bantu languages a wonderful fertility in developing gram-
matical forms from a given root, and great delicacy as well
as flexibility in the use of them, Swahili is pre-eminent in
having the opportunity as well as the capacity to draw upon
the inexhaustible stores of the Arabic vocabulary for the
expression of new ideas, and in consisting of sounds which
admit of easy and adequate representation by the common
Roman alphabet, even Arabic words being promptly and
effectually softened down in the act of appropriation by its
unfailing euphonic instinct. ,

ON THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE vii

These remarks may now be very briefly illustrated. And
first as to the verb. This is the easy part of Swahili, just as
the noun is the hard, but the only hard part. It has been
said that Swahili is a language practically without exceptions,
Certain it is that, given a root in Swahili, a large number of
forms, limited, indeed, only by the meaning of the root
itself, can be at once developed from it by a kind of
mechanical process—the prefixing or affixing certain syl-
lables or letters in a certain order. A Swahili verb has
Active and Passive Voices, as well as a Neuter or quasi-
Passive Voice (and Affirmative and Negative forms of
each). It has Indicative, Subjunctive (to use the common
nomenclature), Infinitive, and Imperative Moods—the
Infinitive being also a Verbal Noun, and only existing in
the Affirmative Conjugation. Varieties of Tense (with
perhaps one exception) only exist in the Indicative Mood,
and chiefly in the Active Conjugation. Here there are
two Presents, Definite and Indefinite, a Present Perfect,
two Past Tenses (identical in meaning, but one used only in
narrative), one Future, two Conditional, and one which may
be called Deferred. There is also a Present Participial
Form, and one expressing Habitual Action or State.

All distinctions of Person and Tense, as also of Affirma-
tive and Negative Conjugations, are marked by Prefixes,
placed before the root in (as has been said) a certain order.
All other distinctions are marked by changes at the end
of the root, which may be called generally Affixes. A
Table will perhaps best indicate the general structure of
verb-forms (see Conspectus I),

Supplementary tenses are formed by auxiliaries. The
richness of the Swahili verb is, however, largely due to
the fact that there are (in addition to the three Voices)
four derivative forms, which may best be called Conjugations,
and can be formed immediately from any root whatever,

viji ON THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE

when compatible with its meaning—viz. Applied, Causal,
Reciprocal, and Reflexive.
Thus from a root OJV-, which means ‘see, feel, think,’ the
following stems are found, with the verbal ending -a :—
(Voices), Active, on-a, see, feel, &c.
Passive, onw-a, be seen, &c.
Neuter, onek-a, be seen, &c.

(Conjugations), Applied, one-a, feel toward, see with, (and, as a
special sense) oppress.
Causal, ony-a, onyesh-a, cause to see, show, &c.
Reciprocal, onan-a, see each other.
Reflexive, ji-0n-a, see oneself.

From such stems, when the meaning of the root allows it,

others may be directly derived, as—

Passive, onew-a; from the Applied, ome-a.

Reciprocal, onyan-a; from the Causal, ony-a.

Causal, jonyesh-a; from the Reflexive, j10n-a.
And each of the above stems is used as the base of a whole
fabric of Moods, Tenses, &c.

Similarly, from a root P/G- (meaning ‘strike’) may be

formed (among others) the following stems :—
Applied, pigia and pizilia.
Causal, pigisa, pigisha, piganisha.
Reciprocal, igana, piganishana.

Or, again, a root PEND- (meaning ‘love’) produces
stems such as pend-a, pendw-a, pendek-a, pende-a, pendele-a,
pendeze-a, pendes-a, pendelez-a, pendekez-a, pendan-a, pendezan-a,
and so on.

Perhaps the form most worthy of remark is what has
been called the Applied Form of the verb. By the simple
insertion of the vowel -z- or -e- before the vowel -a-, with
which a true Swahili verb always ends, the force of any
preposition whatever may be added to the verb itself—a
relation is attached to it which is only to be defined by the

ON THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE ix

nature of the case. Thus /e/a means, to bring; but /eéa, to
bring to, for, with, by, from, in, on account of, and so on.
Nena means, to speak; but nenea, to speak for (recommend),
speak against (decry, scold), speak about (describe), speak
with, and so on. The effect in the corresponding passive
forms is noticeable; from Zefa, (to) bring, comes Jefwa, (to)
be brought; but from Ze/ea, (to) bring to, comes Jefewa, (to)
have (something) brought to, or from, oneself. |

An instance to illustrate the prefiz-system would be
aliloilelea, which contains four prefixes—viz., Subjective
Personal Prefix a—he, Past Tense Prefix /#—did, Relative
Pronoun Prefix /o=which, Objective Personal Prefix =it,
and the Applied Form of the verb /e/a—the whole meaning
“he did which it bring to,’ i.e. “which he brought to it.’

This, however, naturally leads to the subject of the
Swahili noun. In the word akiloiletea, the form of each of the
_ prefixes denoting Subject, Relative, and Object are deter-
mined by the class of the noun to which each refers. They
might each assume some ten or fifteen forms, according to
the class and number of that noun. The great, but the
only real, difficulty in speaking Swahili correctly, is to make
instantaneously, indeed spontaneously, the appropriate selec-
tion from some sixty or more alternative prefixes in such a
case as ‘alzlozletea.’ ‘Thus the Prefix a can refer only to a
noun of the first class or declension, and that in the singular
number. But there are eight declensions of nouns in Swahili,
each with a corresponding form of Prefix, and several with a
different one for the Singular and Plural. Thus instead of 4
in aljloiletea, there might be wa, u, 2, 22, lt, ya, ki, vt, pa, ku,
and similarly with /o and 7, and the place of & might be
taken by another Tense Prefix. ‘The Prefixes preserve (with
a few exceptions) the same order relatively, but vary with the
class and number of the nouns referred to (see Con-
spectus IT).

x ON THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE

The origin of these classes, or in other words the reasons
for referring all possible objects of thought to a few distinct
groups, it seems impossible at present to decide. If the
Swahili groups were to be named from the meaning, or
a prominent meaning, among the nouns in the group, the
names would be, perhaps, (1) Animate, (7) Local, (4) Abstract,
(3) Diminutive, (5) Amplificative, and (8) Verbal, and two
(2, 6) General Classes—(2), however, showing signs of having
denoted at least Vegetable Life, if no other kind. A Com-
parative Grammar of Bantu may some day explain the
mystery. Not only verb-forms, but all pronominal and adjec-
tival forms brought into relation with a noun, must have a
prefix or first syllable appropriate to the noun. To take a
not at all unusual case, a man might express himself thus:
“Vitu vile vyangu vilivyo vizuri viwe vyako, vyote vinne’
(“Let those beautiful things of mine be yours, all four of
them’). Every one of the last eight words begins with the
same syllable as the first, the noun ‘vitu.’ This is a typical
case. The result is perspicuity at the expense of brevity.

Before leaving the subject of verbs and nouns it should
be remarked that roots in Swahili are as fertile of noun- as
of verb-forms. Thus, to take again penda, (to) love, the
following nouns occur :—

Mpenda, a loving person.

Mpendaji, a lover.

Mpensi and Mpendwa, a beloved person.
Kipendo and kipenzi, an object of love.
Mapenst, inclination, desire, will.
Mapendezi, things which are pleasing.
Upendo, feeling of love, affection.

Pendo, a particular feeling or act of love.

Pendeleo, favour.
Opendano, mutual love.

And so on with other roots.
This luxuriance of actual and possible forms is, of course,
to a great extent thrown away, but it is well worthy of

ON THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE xi

attention in estimating the possibilities of the language. As
thought becomes definite, and distinctions become clearly
felt, there will be no lack of appropriate linguistic forms
to select from, and synonyms in language will become
specialized with the gradual differentiation in ideas.

Moreover, as has been already mentioned, the vast stores
of the Arabic vocabulary are not only within reach of Swa-
hili, but are readily appropriated, not, however, without
considerable phonetic changes. Swahili has no more gut-
tural sounds than English. Arabic gutturals are therefore
softened into an ordinary g or &, or even into a simple
aspirate. Swahili has all the English vowel sounds at its
disposal, and so does not care to confine itself too closely
to the three of Arabic. All Swahili words can be broken
up either into biliteral or triliteral syllables, of which the last
letter is a vowel, or into simple vowel sounds. Swahili words
cannot end with a consonant. If it were not for a prepon-
derance of the broad vowel sounds, the repetition of similar
prefixes, and such consonants as 4, 4, p, Swahili might, per- -
haps, bear comparison with Italian, and, considered phone-
tically, sometimes certainly with Homeric Greek.

Of course, its characteristics are here only broadly indi-
cated. There are several disturbing influences, especially in
connection with the nasal sounds, which largely affect the
other consonants, and produce apparent exceptions to the
general rules.

And, finally, it must be remembered that Swahili is in a
fluid condition, and sensitive to every influence. Not only
Arabs, but Hindoos, Persians, Parsees, Goanese, and a
motley, if not numerous, colony of Europeans, all contri-
bute to colour the speech of the great human currents
moving ceaselessly to and fro between the vast lake
regions and their eastern capital. It has hitherto had no
literature but a few poems and tales and letters, disguised

xii ON THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE

rather than clothed with the utterly ill-fitting dress of the
Arabic alphabet. It never knew it had a grammar till
Krapf and Steere displayed it. The yearly increasing pub-
lications of the various Presses, German and French as well
as English, in East Africa, may do something in time to
check the tide of dialectic change and shifting vocabulary ;
but perhaps, after all, the publications of this generation will
have to be rewritten for the next,

But with regard to the Zanzibar dialect, it must be re-
membered that the political and commercial relations of
Zanzibar have been fundamentally changed within the last
thirty years, especially as regards trade direct with the main-
land; and the practical importance of the dialect seems
likely to diminish in exact proportion as the German coast
towns and Mombasa appropriate and develop the advantages |
which belonged formerly to Zanzibar alone, and gave the
city an importance it seems never likely to possess again.

xiii

)

“MT VYA Na SANMNU PUD
'SUOS4AI SASHA 179.

maint tad
ja
oy 2 > ‘ea pupa | uy ‘od ‘ef
WA edu ‘ae
scram, ree LA we ie |
5; uoneuigwo yous ory | wwe
wo 3004 msu oga Jo 9008 bu PA wa WA ma
SI Baa || ae Ta a | ome
wi 7) nyted tt [te OR] Aa ny fed 4
PUL arin | “gS
> ‘ath ‘ar € F wa Beets
Fie|s mt] FEE [aie | ase
vu
Haaa p wa RI Pawa wa
4 . .
was Fa [youre] #4
g z| g 3 td
Elf] ¢ P| Pl aig
eee ee a) 3 : a
oa} ole Bz 9| 5 r g e
‘saruay “00% aaa”

“SOKIJNS PUE SaxYarg SNOLILA JU) JO JopIo saNjor Jensn ay) Supeysn]]]
"AAJA TIIHVMS (avaIZNvz) 40 SA.LOAdSNOD ‘I

XIV

II. CONSPECTUS OF

Illustrating the usual Prefixes which distinguish the various Declensions
and Numbers, and also the chief Verbal and Adjectival Prefixes and Pronoun
Forms corresponding to each. There is no distinction of Gender in Swahili

Nouns,

youn: Roor. ADJECTIVAL PRONOUN. VERBAL PREFIX.
(a) (2) (9 (d) (e)
5 ee.) h le | Sine. Sub ist. and, 3rd.
ing. ™m ey.) tu Mm, mw u e ing. Subj. ni a
Play. wa + person) wa, w hawa, wao & Ob; , ni, ku, m
, Plur. Subj. tu, m, wa
, Obj. tu, wa, wa

e.g. (a, 8) mtu, Person, (c) mwema, good, (2) huyu, this, (e) ampenda, he loves him.

Sing. m

£7.) ti
Plur. mi « fe) mi, im

huu, ule
hii, ile

Sing. SOB, | u, w

Plur. Subj.) ;
Ob). bi, y
e.g. (a, 5) mti, sree, (€) mdogo, smsa/i, (2) huu, 244, (¢) waota, ## grows.

Sing. ki

ki, ch
Plur. vi

hiki, kile
vi, vy

(e. 9.) tu
£ hivi, vile

(thing) ae “Oy, } ki, ch
OR} vi

e.g. (a, 5) kita, thing, (c) kizuri, pretty, (d) hiki, 2425, (e) chapendera, st pleases.

Sing.u,wi(eg.)imbo | m, mw huu, ule Sing. Subi.

Play. ny song) n (with hizi” zile af Ob 3 uy Ww
euphonic Plur. Subj. :
variants) Ob; zi

e.g. (a,b) uimbo, song, (c) mbaya, bad, (d) huu, 24:s, (£) wachukiza, #? disgusts.

KV

(ZANZIBAR) SWAHILI NOUN

1, is the usual Declension of living beings, 3, of plants. Diminutives belong
to 3, Amplificatives to 5, Abstracts mostly to 4, Foreign words to 6, and in
some cases 5, 7 is Local only, and 8, Verbal. The (so-called) Possessive
Adjectives and a few others follow the Pronominal Prefixes.

a " aa Roor. ADJECTIVAL PRONOUN. VERBAL PREFIX.
(a) (2) (0) (d) (e)
5. Sing.— |(eg.)kasha| — — hili, lile. | Sing. Sudi.) 3:
AA SAA

Plur. Subj.
05? ya
e.g. (a, 5) kasha, 502, (c) kubwa, large, (d) hili, #hi$, (e) latosha, 1? suffices.

6. Sing. — n (with hii, ile Sing. Subj.) .
Pur, — euphonic | hizi, zile af Ob LY
variants) Plur. Su yA ; .
O 93. Zi

e.g. (a, 5) kazi, work, (€) ngumu, ard, (a) hii, 2425, (e) yachosha, z¢# wearses.

7. Sing. — mahali a, hapa, pale | Sing. Sudi.
Plur. — ( place) Pr P ” — O yA
(only word Plur. Su YA pa
in this 06).
clension)

e.g. (a, 5) mahali, piace, (c) pembamba, narrow, (d) hapa, #4is, (¢) pafaa, 24 starts.

8. Sing. . ——

(e.g.) kufa kw, kw huku, kule
flur. — i — — -

(dying) — -

Sing. Sug .
Plur. | ku, kw
Ob).
e.g. (a, 8) kufa, dying, (c) kutukufu, glorious, (d) huku, this, (e) kwasifiwa,
tt ts praised.

XVi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, ETC.

Taz. za ( Tazama) refer to. kama = similar to.
na = and, in addition. ao = or, as alternative.
n. = noun. neut. = neuter.
a, = adjective. p. t. = past tense.
v. = verb. pf. t. = perfect tense.
adv. == adverb. subj. = subjunctive mood.
pron. = pronoun. pl. = plural.
conj. == conjunction. reflex, = reflexive.
prep. = preposition. comp, = composition(forming part
int. = interjection. of a word).

Ar.=an Arabic word, not in ordinary use.

Obs. 1. A hyphen (-) before or in a Swahili word indicates the
absence of a letter or letters variable according to the rules of Swahili
Grammar, (See Conspectus I and II, pp. xiii-xv.)

Obs. 2. Plurals of Swahili words, when different from the Singular,
are generally indicated in brackets, thus Mfu [wa-], i.e. Plural Watu.

Obs. 3. An Etcetera (&c.) at the end of an article implies reference
to kindred words immediately preceding or following.

Obs. 4. Explanations in Swahili, as distinguished from equivalents,
are generally enclosed in brackets.

AN

ENGLISH

-SWAHILI

DICTIONARY

A.

A, An, a. [-moja -o -ofe|. I wanta
‘knife, nataka kisu. There was a

. man, Palikuwa na miu. A shilling
a hundred, msa kwa robo.

Aback, adv. Be taken aback, stuka,
fathaika.

Abandon, v. (desert) fupa, acha,
toka katika; (resign) foa, acha.

Abandoned, a. (deserted) -Hoachwa,
-kiwa,-tupu; za; (wicked) -bayakabisa,
-potofu. An abandoned village,
mahame.

Abandonment, n. butupa, kuacha,
&c., halt ya kuachwa, ukiwa; (care-
lessness) ulegevu, kupotea, kukata
tamaa.

Abase, v. tusha, thils, fethehesha.

Abasement, n. unyonge, uthilifu,
unyenyekeo.

Abash, v. Zakayarisha, tia haya,

fathaisha.

Abate, v. punguza, (neut.) punguka.
Abatement, n. upungufu, upunguo.
Abbacy, n. [sass ya on cael
Abbeas, n. [Abbot wa kike|.
Abbey, n. (yumba ya Abbot na

wata wa wake |.

Abbot, n. (baba wa jamit ya wata wa,
mkuu wa nyumba ya Monks}.

Abbreviate, v. kata, fupisha, pun-
guza (maneno).

Abbreviation, n. mkafo wa neno
(kama Alh., mahali pa kuandika
Alhamisi).

Abdioate, v. jiuzuls, jttoa | katika
kasi bora\s

Ca

7

Abdication, n. kujiuzulu.

Abdomen, n. fumbo [ma-}.

Abdominal, a. -a tumbo.

Abduction, | n. kuchukua | mtu isivyo
halali), kunyang'anya, unyang a-
nji.

Aberration, n. (of mind) wazimu,
kichaa, kupotea, (of stars, &c.)
mageusi.

Abet, v. sukumtisa, sayidia, -wa
shauri moja (kwa mabaya].

Abeyance, n. In abeyance, pasipo
kutumika. This rule is in abeyance,
amri hit haina nguvu siku hizt,
imekufa,

Abhor, v. chukia sana, chukizwa na.

Abhorrence, n. machukio makuu

Abhorrent, a. Be abhorrent to
(from), -wa mbali mbali kabisa na,
achana kabisa na.

Abide, v. (p. na pf. t. Abode) kaa,
shinda, ngoja, dumu. Abide by,
shtka, fuata (ahadi, kusudi, amri |.

Ability, n. akili, nguvu.

Abject, a.-nyonge kabisa, (haifu sana.

Abjure, v. jikania | kitu kwa kiapo|,
apiza, kataa.

Able, a. hodari, -a akili, -a nguvu.
Be able, v. weza, -wa na

Ablution,n. kuosha, mosho. Perform
ablutions, ga ; (ceremonial) nawa,
tawaza, fanya tohara.

Abnegation, n. kujikatahia.

Abnormal, a. si kawaida, st desturi, p
kupita cheo.

Aboard, adv. chomboni, merikebuni.
Go aboard , panda chomboni. Put
aboard, pakia.

B

ABODE

Abode, n. makao, nyumba, makazi,
masikani.

—— pf. t. Abide.

Abolish, v. ondoa kabisa, tangua,
batili.

Abolition, n. mtanguo, ondoleo.

Abominable, a. -a kuchukiza, -ovu
kabisa.

Abominate, v. chukia mno.

Abomination, n. chukizo [ma-];
(loathing) machukio makuu.

Aboriginal, a. -a asi/i, -a kwanza.

Aborigines, n. wafu wa asili, wa-
shenzi,

Abortion, n. mimba iliyoharibika,
kuharibu mimba ; (failure) kazi ya
burre.

Abortive, a. (fruit, &c.) -pfoosa;
(fruitless) -a durve.

Abound, v. -jaa tele, -wa -tngi.
Abound in (with), -wa na wingi
wa, -jaa sana.

About, prep. (around) susunguka,
kandokando ya, pande zole za;

(near) karibu, kama, yapata, kadiri
ya; (respecting) kabari ya, juu ya.
About five o'clock, kama saa tano.
Tell me about him, niambie habari
yake | juu yake, kisa chake), Go
abont your business, shika shughuli
yako.

adv. kuko na huko, kuzunguka,
pande zote. Be about? fanya.
What,are you about? wafanyasi ?
Go about, zunguka, tembea. Jam
about to go, nakwenda sasa hivi,
nafaka kwenda. Come about,
fanyika, -wa, tukia, pata kuwa.
Bring about, fanya, fanyisa.

Above, adv. na prep. juu [ya];
(more) zayidi [ al; (excelling)

za.

abreast, adv. kwa kupambana, kwa
mwendo wa sawasawa, sambamba,
sawa.

Abridge, v. ata, pungusa, fupisha.

Abridgement, n. (epitome) msshia-
sari ; (reduction) upurnguo, mkato.

Abroad, adv. (outside) #fe ; (every-
where) dofekote ; (in foreign parts)
katika inchi ngeni, ugenini. Scat-

2

ABSTAIN

ter abroad, Zfawanyia mbali, toa
killa mahali. Be abroad, go
abroad, safiri, enda tembea, tembea
katika inchi ngeni. Get abroad,
tokea nje, tangaa, julika. Spread
abroad, eneza, tangaza, vumisha.
Be all abroad, -wa na fathaa,
potewa akili.

Abrogate, v. fangua, ondoa, vunja.

Abrogation, n. mfanguo, ondoleo, &c.

Abrupt, a. -a ghdfala, -a marra
moja. An abrupt descent, doro-
moko|(ma-). His manner is abrupt,
hana taratibu. An abrupt reply,
Jibu la haraka. "

Abruptness, n. £uwa Abrupt.

Abscess, n. jipu (ma-).

Abscond, v. foroka, kimbia, 2tztmsa.

Absence, n. kutokuwapo; (lack)
ukosefu, makosekano. ‘There is an
absence of food, chakula hakipo. In
his absence, astfokuwako mwenye-
we, mwenyi hapo. In a fit of
absence, asipofikiri, kwa kutoan-
galia, kwa kupitiwa.

Absent, a. To be absent, kutokuwapo.
He is absent, Aako. He absents
himself, kako makusudi, ajitenga.
An absent man, chechele. He is
an absent man, moyo wake haupo.

Absolute, a. (perfect) kamili, halts;
(independent) -fupu, peke yake;
(despotic) -enyi amri peke yake;
(infinite) ssiyo na kiasi, tpitayo
akili, halisi.

Absolutely, adv. sia, haswa, kabisa,
halisi.

Absolution, n. ghofira, ondoleo la
thambi, usamehe.

Absolve, v. ghofirs, samehe, achilia.

Absorb, v. -nywa, mesa, tumia pia;

' (occupy) shughulisha sana, vuta
macho. It is absorbed, #menywewa.
He is absorbed in thought (work),
yumo pia katika a sake (kasi),

Absorbent, a. -4 kunywa.

Absorbing, a. -a kuvuta moyo sana,
-a kuschaulisha vingine vyote.

Absorption, n. kunywa, kunywewa;
(engrossment) kushughulika sana,

Abstain, v. epuka [na kitu), jihini-

ABSTAINER

ACCOMMODATE

sha, finyima, Abstain from food, | Accent, n. tam’ko la nguvu, mkazo

Abstainer, n. (mtu ajinyimaye kula
ao kunywa|. <A total abstainer,
asiyekunywa kileo cho chote.

Abstemious, a. -a kiasi (Awa kula
na kunywa).

Abstinence, n. kiasi (cha kula, ku-
mywa| , kufunga, kujihinisha, kuto-

Abstract, a. (ideal, subjective) -a
kuwazika, -a kuftkirikana, halisi;
: (abstruse) -gumu, -a “a fuumbo; (sepa-
rate) -tupu, peke yake

—n. muhtasari.

—— v. tba, chukua kwa hila ; (one-
self, mind, attention) jitenga { ufa-
hamu, moyo, akili |, jiepusha nafsi.

Abstrac a. He is abstracted,
yumo katika fikara zake, akili
yake haipo, haangalii.

Abstraction, n. (inattention) ma-
waz, kuota; (withdrawal) ku-
chukua, kuiba; (exclusive atten-
tion) (kufikiri kitu fullani peke yake
na kulenga vingine vyote |.

Abstruse, a. -a fumbo, -gumu.

Absurd, a. -sumbafu, -a kuchekesha,
ubishi.

Absurdity, n. upumbafu, kitu cha
kuchekesha, uchekeshaji, ubishi.
Abundance, n. wingi, ungi, ujazt,
uncemefu; (of harvest) seema,

baraka.

Abundant, a. -ingi, lele, mari-
thawa.

Abuse, n. (bad words) matukano,
matusht, matusu, maneno mabaya;
(bad treatment) matumizi mabaya,
kutendea vibaya; (bad practice)
desturi mbaya, jambo lisilo haki.

—— v. (by word) fukana; (by act)
tumia vibaya, tendea mabaya.

Abusive, a. -a kutukana.

Abyss, n. shimo kubwa, shimo la
kwenda chini sana.

Abyssinia, n. Zabeshia.

Academy, n. madarasa, chuoni.

Aocede, v. kubali, rithia.

Accelerate, v. himtiza, kimbisa.

Acceleration, n. kuhimiza mwendo.

wa sauti, tam’ko; (written) alama
ya mkazo. In sweet accents, kwa
sauti tamu. He has a foreign
accent, asema kama mgeni, ha-
tam’ ki vema.

—— v. kasia sauti.

Accented, a. -enyt kutam'’kwa kwa
nguvu, -enyt mkazo wa sauti.

Accentuate, v. Za Accent; (en-
force) tia nguvu, zidisha, kasa.

Accept, v. kubali, pokea.

Acceptable, a. -2 kupendeza, -suri,
-a ukubali.

Acceptance, n. kubali, kibali;
(agreement) sharti, maagano.

Acceptation, n. kibali ; ; (meaning)
maana.

Access, n. (approach) kukaribia;
(means of) #jia, mlango; (right of)
ruhusa ya kukaribia; (addition)
maongeso, mazidi ; (sudden burst)
kipindi.

Accessible, a. (in character) -fole,
-enyt mlango mzuri; (of place)
enyi kujtkha [ku kuen-
deka); (for use) -Hotumikana, -lio-

n. (becoming ruler)
kutawazwa, kuingia ufalme; (ad-
dition) maongeo ; ; (arrival) majilio.

Accessory, 2. 4, -a juu.
accessory to, “wamo, sharikia.

Accident, n. dakati, nasibu, amri
ya Muungu, tukio|ma-|); (disaster)
tukio [ma-] baya, msiba |mi-),
jambo baya. By accident, acci-
dentally, kwa bakati, kwa nasibu,
st kusudi.

Accidental, a. -a dahati, st maku-
suds, amri ya Muungu.

Acclamation, n. makelele | yafuraha,
kusifu), vigelegele.

Acclimatize, v. zoezea tabia ya inchi
ngine. Sickness of acclimatization,
ukunguru,

Acclivity, n. kilima [vt-], telem'ko
(wa-).

Accommodate, v. (adapt) tengenesa;
(oblige) fathili, rithisha ; (enter-
tain) karibisha, weka vema.

ACCOMMODATING

Accommodating, a. -a hurithia,
pole, -a kupatana, -suluhtfu.

Accommodation, n. matengeneo,
mapatano; (kindness) fathili, u-
pendeleo; (board, &c.) makao. Pro-
vide accommodation for, ari-
bisha. Good accommodation,
kukaribishwa vizuri, makao mema.

Accompaniment, n. kufuatana, u-
Juaso; (musical) sauli linganifu.

Accompany, v. enda na, peleka,
fuatana na, andama ; (part of the
way) sindtkiza, adi; (of music)
Juasa, fuata.

Accomplice, n. |katika maboya)
msharike, mwenzi, msiri | wa-|.

Accomplish, v. maliza, timtliza,
Jikiliza, tekeleza, kwisha, pata,

Accomplished, a. (complete) ~timt-
lifu, kamili; (educated) -enyt ku-
lewa vema, -enyi maarifa mengi
lelimu, adili). He is very accom-
plished, ajua mengi, amehitimu.

Accomplishment, n. (end) mwisho,
ukomo, umalizo; (acguirement)
malezi mema, ujuzi, adili, uzuri.

Accord, v. wa, tolea. Accord with,
Be in accord with, v. Jatana na,
lingana na.

, Accordance, n. «patano,
shauri moja. With one accord,
kwa .moyo mmoja. It is in ac-
cordance with his wish, ndivyo
ginsi anavyopenda. Of ‘his own
accord, kwa kupenda mwenyewe,
kwa moyo.

According to, prep. kwa, kadiri
ya, ginsi ya, kwa maneno ya.

Accordingly, adv. bassi, kwa sababu
hiyo, kwa hiyo.

Accost, v. amkia, anza kusema na,
salimu.

Accouchement, n. (mwanamke | ku-
saa mlolo, uzasi.

Account, n. (reckoning) kesabu,
idadi; (narrative) habari; (worth)
<hamani; (reason) sababu, hoja.
On account of, kwa ajili ya, kwa
Si ya. On no account, $s:Vyo,
hapana kabisa, hasha. On any
account, #wayo yole. Render ac-

4

ACCUSTOMED

count, toa hesabu. Call to account,
taka hesabu kwa. Make up ac-
count, fanya hesabu. Include in
account, fa (andika) katika he-
sabu. Turn to account, fayidi,
tumia vema | kwa fayida), chumia.
Give an account of, simulia, hadi-
thi, eleza habari ya. Pay on ac-
count, “fa nussu kwanza, -pa
amana, toa arabuni; (advance)
karithi. Take into account, £4-
mbuka, hesabu.

Account, v. hesabu, thant. Account
for, toa hesabu ya, -wa sababu ya,
jua maana ya.

Accountable, a. Be accountable,
diriki. Be made accountable for,
pastshwa. He is accountable, nz
juu yake, kazi yake, amepasiwa,

Accountant, n. karani. ;

Account-book, n. daftari.

Accoutre, v. vika. Accoutred, -enyz
mavalto.

Accoutrements, n. kivao [cha asi-
kart |, matandiko | ya frasi),
valio.

Acoredit, v. aminisha, pasha heshi-
ma;(depute) agisa; (believe) amini.

Acoretion, n. maongezo, kuzidishiwa;

(crust) utandu.

Accrue, v. (increase) £:dt; (result)

tokea, a.

Accumulate, v. kusanya, fanya
chungu ya; (neut.) ongezeka, zidi.

Acoumulation, n. mkusanyo ; (heap)
chungu ; (quantity) wingi.

Acouracy, n. barabara, usahihi.

Accurate, a. kalisi, sahihi, barabara.

Accursed, a. -enyi kulaaniwa, -baya
kabisa, haramu.

Accusation, n. mshtaka [mi-), ma-
shiaka, matuvumtu,laumu, masuto.

Acouse, v. sitaki, laumu, tia hati-
yani, sula.

Accuser, n. mshiaki | wa-|.

Accustom, v. 20e:a, tendekeza. Iam
accustomed, nimezota, desturi
yangu. Accustom oneself to, ji-
lendekesa, jizoezea. You can get
accustomed to it, zmazoeseka.

Acoustomed, a. (usual) -a@ desturi,

ACERBITY 5

-a kawaida; (used) -z0clefu -a.
He is accustomed to work, mzoe-
lefu wa kazi.

Acerbity, n. ukali.

Ache, n. umivu [ma-), umizo [ma-].

—— v.uma. My head aches, kitwa
chansuma.

Achieve, v. maliza, pata.

Achievement, n. tendo kuu, kasi
bora.

Acid, a. -chungu, -kali.

— n. dawa kali [kama siki|.

Acknowledge, v. iri, ungama;
(thank for) toa ahsante ya.

Acknowledgement, Nn. ungamo,
kukiri; (thanks) mashukuru, ah-
sante; (written) hati, chetz.

Acme, n. (highest point) kikomo,
kipeo; (perfection) skamslifu, ust-
tawi

Acorn, n. (funda la mti Oak).

Acoustic, a. -a sautt, -a kusikia
(Austkisha|sauti. Acoustics, elimu
ya mlio [kusikisha).

Acquaint, v. hubiri, arifu, pasha
habari. 1 am acguainted with,
natambua, najua, nafahamu.

Acquaintance, n. (knowledge) maa-
rifa; (friend) rafikt, mwenzi
(wensi); (friendship) urafhe.

Acquiesce (in), v. kubali, rithika
(ma), rethza,

Acquiescence, n. ukubali, urathi.

Acquire, v. pata, Jipatie.

Acquirement, n. sugata; (educa-
tional) malest, adabu, akili.

Acquisition, n. kupata; (possession)
malt, pato [ma-|; (rarity) tunu.

Acquit, v. achilia, acha, toa hats-
yani. He acquitted himself well,
alitenda visurt, alijipatia sifa.

Acre,n. | kipimo cha kupimia shamba,
kama cha kwenda mapima 35
urefu na mapima 35 upana).
Broad acres, shamba kubwa.

Acrid, a. -chungu, -kalt.

Acrimony, n. ukali.

Across, adv. na prep. toka upande
huu hatta upande wa pili (wa),
ngambo | ya|. Go across (water)
vuka, (land) pita katt ya, pitia,

AD

tumbusa. Draw a line across,
piga mstari katikati. Lie across,
kingama, Lie across each other,

pandana.

Act, n. kifendo, feli; (law) sheria;
(part of play) sehemu | ya hadithi,
ya utenss |.

— v. lenda, fanya; (be effective)
tenda kasi, toa nguvu, enda, pata
njia; (pretend, act a part) cheza,
jifanya. Act up to (a promise,
&c.), smthsa, tekeleza, liza
[ahags, &c.]. Act for, -wa mahali
pa, -wa wakili wa. Act upon,
(affect) vala, geuza; (follow) fuata.
He is acting, kasemi kweli, aji-
fanya tu, ajificha. In the act,
palepale, mavya hiyo. He was in
the very act of doing it, akawa
hali hiyohiyo ya kuitenda.

Acting, n. kutenda; (pretence) kuji-
fanya, hila, wwongo; (play) mchezo,
unyago. Acting-consul, badala ya
barozi.

Action, n. kutenda, kitendo; (fight-
ing) vifa; (prosecution) mshiaka
(ani-), madai,da’wa; (gesticulation)
kupunga [tikisa, onyaonya kwa |
mshono. A man of action, mfu wa
amali, mwenyi nguvu, mtendaji,
hodari. ee 7

Active, a. -tendajt, -epesi, hodari. '
Be active, tenda kazi, enda.

Activity, n. wefesi wa kutenda,
bidii, juhudi. His powers are in
full activity, nguvu zake zinamw-
enda.

Actor, n. mtenda [wa-|; (player)
mchest [wa-]; (personator) mwe-
gaji | wa-)

Actress, n. [Actor wa hike].

Actual, a. haswa, kweli, hakika,
halisi.

Actually, adv. kaswa, kweli, &c.

Actuate, v. endesha, vuta, ongoza.

Acumen, n. akili, utambuzi.

Acute, a. -a akidi, wa nguvu;
(severe) -kaii.

Acuteness,n. ahi/:; (intensity) uka.

Ad. Ad interim, kwa muda, kwa

kitambo. Ad libitum, kadri upen-

ADAGE

davyo vyote. Ad nauseam, hatla
kuchosha | kuchukiza, kukinaisha).
Ad valorem, kwa kadiri ya tha-
mani yake. An ad hominem argu-
ment (koja ya kumshinda mtu
fullani).

Adage, n. methali, fumbo | ma-) la
maneno.

Adamant, n. [ jiwe gumu mno).

Adamantine, a. -a Adamant,
imara.

Adapt, v. Zinga, linganisha, fanyiza,
tengeneza kwa ginsi ya kufaa,
uza, vuta.

Adaptation,n. kulinganisha, &e. It
is an adaptation, zmegeuswa kidogo.

Add, v. hesabu, jumlisha, ongeza;
(say further) sema tena. Add to,
ongesa, zidisha, tia juu. Add up,
jumlisha.

Adder, n. (nyoka mdogo wa sumu
Ulaya).

Addicted, a. Be addicted to, v. jifoa
kwa, jifunga kwa (kitu kibaya,
kama Ulevi), shiriki.

Addiction, n. kujitoa, shirika.

Addition, n. kuongeza, ongezo (ma-);
(in arithmetic) #esabu, jumla.
addition to, jus ya, zayidi ya.

Addle, v. ozesha, chafua. Addled,
bovu, -Hooza.

Address, n. (speech) maneno, ho-
tuba; (cleverness) akili, ustadi,
wepesi, welekefu; (of a letter)
anwani; (written) kati, barua.
Tell me your address, niambie
Jina la mahali unapokaa.

—— v. ambia, sema na; (letter) an-
dikia, tia anwani. Address one-
self, s#tia, jifanya tayari, shika ;
(speak) sema. Pay addresses to,
Jipendekeza kwa, bembeleza, taka
uchumba, poza.

Adduce, v. Zaja, leta (neno la kuthu-
butisha).

Adept, n. mstadi [wa-], hodari,
mwelekefu | wa-).

Adequacy, n. kutosha, kuwa sawa,
utoshelevu.

Adequate, a. sawa, -a kutosha, -to-
shelevu.

8 ADMINISTRATOR |

Adhere, v. ambata, nata, shikamana,
gandamana, Adhere to, shika,
fuata.

Adherence, n. kushika, ufuasi.

Adherent, n. mfuasi [wa-].

Adhesion, n. (sticking) kuambalfa,
wambiso; (attachment) ufuasi,
ukubali.

Adhesive, a.-a kuambata,-a kunata,
-a kugandamana,

Adieu, n. kwa heri, Muungu aku-
weke. Bid adieu to, aga, agana
na, (finally) aga buriani.

Adjacent, a. mpaka mmoja, karibu.
Be adjacent, v. angamana, pakana.

Adjective, n. (neno lenyi kuonyesha
ginsi ya kitu|.

Adjoin, v. pakana na, tangamana

na.

Adjoining, a. -a kupakana, -a pili,
karibu, mpaka mmoja na.

Adjourn, v. akhirisha, weka hatta
siku ngine. It is adjourned, tmeak-
hire.

Adjournment, n. kuakhiri.

Adjudge, v. sukumu,amua; (assign)
patisha kwa hukumu; (settle) kata
maneno.

Adjudicate, v. 742. Adjudge.

Adjudication, n. kukumu, maa-
muzi.

Adjunct, n. songezo |ny-|, stada

ma-).

Adjuration, n. kiapo, uapo.

Adjure, v. apisha, peleka kiaponi;
(implore) sshz sana.

Adjust, v. /inga, linganisha, tenge-
neza, fanyiza; (a quarrel) tuliza,
patanisha.

Adjustment, n. kulinganisha, &c.

Administer, v. -fa, foa; (medicine)
tia, nywesha; (punishment) #a,
pastsha; (affairs) simamia, tawaia,
tengeneza, amuru.

Administration, n. kufa, &c. ( Zaz.
Administer) ; (government) Aukz-
mu, utawala, usimamizi; (govern-
ing body) serkali.

Administrator, n. mwenyi amri,
mkubwa, liwali (ma-], mtawala
(wa-J, walt [ma-].

ADMIRABLHE

Admirable, a. -a kusifiwa, -a ku-
pendwa, -a ajabu, -suré.

Admiral, n. nakhotha mkuu (wa
manowari nyingi), admels.

Admiralty, n. (serkali ya manowari

Admire, v. (wonder at) afabia,
shangaa; (approve) penda, sifu,
Ona -2uré.

Admirer, n. msifa [wa-), msikizi,

m

Admissible, a. -a kukubalika, -a
kufaa, halals,

Admission, n. ruksa kuingia; ku-
ingiza, &c. (Tas. Admit).

Admit, v. ingiza, karibisha ; (con-
fess) kiri, ungama; (concede) ku-
bali, rithia.

Admittance, n. kuingiza, kuingia,
ruksa kuingia. ms me

Admixture, n. mchanganyo.

Admonish, v. onya, gombesa, rudi,
karipia. .

Admonition, n. onyo [ma-], marudi,
laumu.

Ado, n. taraka, uthia, shidda.

Adolescence, n. sbaleghi, upevu.

Adopt, v. (of measures) chagua,
tumia, kubali ; (of persons) fwaa,
pokea kuwa mtoto (wa-).

Adoption, n. kuchagua, mchaguo
(Zaz. Adopt).

Adorable, a. -a kusujudiwa, -a
kuabudika, -a kupendcka mno.

Adoration, n. kusujudu, &c. ( Taz.
Adore).

Adore, v. sujudia, abudu, penda
mno.

Adorer,n. mwenyi kuheshimu sana,
mtu wa kupenda mno.

Adorn, v. pamba, fanya -suri, rem-

Adornment, n. ambo [ma-]}, ki-
pambo (vi-], urembo, uzuri.

Adrift (Be), v. potea, chukuliwa huko
na huko. Cut adrift, katia kamba.

Adroit, a. hodart, -stadi, -enyi hila.

Adroitness, n. kuwa hodari, &c.
wepesi, welekefu.

ADVERB '

Adulation, n. #bembelezo, sifa nyingi,
kusifu mno.

Adult, a. -stma, -fevu.

—— n. miu mzima.

Adulterate, v. ghoshi, changanya
vibaya, geuza, haribu.

;| Adulteration, n. kughoshi, mchan-

ganyo (Taz, Adulterate).

Adulterer, n. (mwenyi kutenda
Adultery], msinzi (wa- |.

Adulterous, a. -a uzinsi, -Sinzi
(Zaz, Adultery), -zinifu.

Adultery, n. uzinzi |wa mume
mwenyi mke, wa mke mwenyi
Mume), u3int, zani.

Advance, n. maendeleo; (of money)
karatha; (friendship) urafiki, ma-
patano, He made advances, a/2-
taka urafiki.

— v. endesha, endeleza, sogeza, jo-
ngeza mbele, ongeza, zidisha, kuza;
(promote) ongezea cheo (enzi); (put
out) Z0a; (money, Sc.) kopesha,
toa karatha, lipa mbele; (neut.)
enda, zidi, endelea mbele. He ad-
vanced this view, a/itoa neno hili.

Advancement, n. kuendeleza mbe-
le, &c. (7as. Advance), ubeke.

Advantage, n. fayida, nafuu, heri,
baraka, kitu chema, jambo jema.
Be an advantage, faa. Have the
advantage, shinda, pita, Take
advantage of, (use) ‘uma, faidi,
chumia; (cheat) punja, karamkia.

Advantageous, a. -a kufaa, -enyi
Jayida, -ema,

Advent, n. majilio, kuja.

Adventitious, a. -a dahatt,
nasibu, -gent.

Adventure, n. jambo (mambo) la
hatari [la bahati, la ajabu, &c.),
hatari, maajabu. He related his
adventures, alisimulia mambo
yaliyompata.

Adventurer,n. mjasiri, mjihaliri-
sha; (vagabond) mgeni, mnyonge,
mpitajt.

Adventurous, a. (bold) -jasiri; -a
Adventure.

Adverb, n. (neno la kuonyesha ginsi
ya Verb, Adjective, ao Adverb].

-a

ADVERSARY

Adversary, n. adui, mies: (wa),
mshindani ee] ; (in litigation)
mda wa (wa).

Adverse, a. -daya, -a kusuta, -a
kupinga. Adverse winds, pepo
za omo. Adverse circumstances,
masuizo, mambo mabaya, ma-
shaka.

Adversity, n. jambo baya, shari,
taabu, msiba | mi-), mateso, shidda,
hasara.

Advert to, v. (mention) mena, taja;
(attend to) angalia.

Advertise, v. Zangaza, vumisha ha-
bari ya, tembesa, fanya miangasi,
eneza sifa za.

Advertisement, n. Zangazo |ma-|
la bithaa.

Advertising, n. kufangasa habari
(za bithaa).

Advice, n. shauri [ma-], onyo (ma-).

Advisable, a. bora, afathali, -ema,
heri.

Advise, v. onya, shauri; (inform)
arifu, julisha.

Advisedly, adv. kwa kusudi.

-Adviser, n. mshauri | wa-).

Advocate, n. mdai [wa-), mwombezi

wa-); (supporter) mfu wa kutetea
wa kushindania).

— v. letea, shindania, nenea.

Adse, n. shoka la bapa, Se20.

Aerial, a.-a angani, -a kwenda juu
sana, -epest kama hewa.

Aeronaut, n. | fundi wa kuruka juu
katika Balloon}.

‘Aesthetic, a. -2 kuona usuri, -a
kupenda mazuri, -a kujua namna,
-a sanaa, -tambuzi.

Aesthetics, n. maarifa ya kupamba-
nua yaliyo masuri | ya kusema
ipi nzuri halisi), usanifu, elimu

Affability, n. spole, &c. (Tas. Aff-
able).

Affable, a. -fole, -sema na watu,
-2urt, -enyt ulu mwema, -kunjufe.

Affair, n. zambo | mambo), shughuli.
Affairs, mambo, ulimwengu, ma-
limwengu. Public affairs, mambo

j AFFLUENT
ya serkali.

A d affair, Za-
washa, urembo. bat an affair !
hafifu sana !

Affect, v. (change) geuza, vuta; (act
on feelings) kulia, thurs, stkitesha,
choma, chomesha, topesa, ingia
moyoni, lia huzuni, tia huruma;
(pretend) jifanya, jionya; (like)
penda, taka, Aflect with, za,
pasha, ambukiza. Be affected (by),
geuzwa, vutwa, tiwa hofu (huzuni,
furaha, ajabu, S:c.), tta moyont,
thurtha.

Affectation, n. (pretence) kujifanya,
kujiona; (display) umalidadi,
m a, u.

Affected, a. -iogeuswa; (pretended)
-a kujifanya, -a uwongo; (diseased,
injured) -Hoshikwa na ugonjwa,
-Jioumta.

Affecting, a. -a kutia husuni (hu-
vuma), -a kusikitisha.

Affection, n. (love) mapensi, habba,
shauko; (ailment) ugonjwa. Mu-
tual affection, upendano, urafiki.

Affectionate, a. -enyi moyo wa
kupenda [wa shauko, habba, &c.},

muhebt, Yours affectionately,
muhebi, mtoto (rafiki, ndugu)
wako ni e sana.

Affiance, n. ahadi ya ndoa; (trust)
amini.

—— v. ahidisha ndoa, oza.
Affinity, n. udugu, ujamaa, ukoo;
(likeness) mfano mmoja, usawa.
Affirm, v. thudbutisha, sema sana,

sema ndio, nena hakika, yakini.
He answered in the affirmative,
alisema ndiyo, akajibu Na’am.
Affirmation, n. kuthubutisha, &c.
(Yas. Affirm).
Affirmative, a. -a kuthubutisha,
-a kunena (si kukana).
Affix, v. tia, kaza.
Afflict, v. tesa, husunisha, onea,
.Sumbua, uth.
Affliction, n. faabu, huzuni, leso
[ma-], msiba (mi-), thiks.
Affluence, n. ajiri, mals.
Affluent, a. -a Affiuence.
—— n. mito [mi-| mdogo.

AFFORD

Afford, v. toa, fanya, fanyiza; (be
able) weza, stahimsl:, toshelea, He

can afford it, aweza kulipa.
Affray, n. piguno [ma-|, vita, fitina,
uthia.

9

Affright, n. hofu, kustuka, mstuko,

—— v. ogofya, tisha, stusha.

Affront, n. (outrage) sjfithult, jeuri;
(disrespect) aibu; (abuse) matu-
kano, matusu.

—— v. chukisa, kasirisha, fitku-
Jikia, tia chuki.

Afloat (Be), v. elea majini; (begin)
anza. Set afloat, eleza, shua;
(begin) anzisha.

Afoot, adv. kwa miguu.

Afraid (Be), v. ogopa, hofu, oga.

Afresh, adv. tena, marra ya pili.

After, a. -a baadaye. After ages,
zamani za baadaye.

— adv. na prep. baada [ya],
nyuma [ya]; (in the style of)
kwa kuiga; (from the name of)
kwa jina la, To go after, fuata,
(search for) tafuta. After all, zja-

haita hivi, sweyo yote,
walakini. Take after, fuatisha,
fanana na. After his own heart,
kwa moyo wake, -enyi kumpendeza
sana.

—— conj. After he had gone,
baada ya kwenda, alipokwisha
kwenda.

After-birth, n. mkondo wa nyuma.

Afternoon, n. alasiri.

Afterthought, n. shauri la baadaye,
waso la pili, neno la zaidi, kust-

ngatia.

Afterwards, adv. baadaye, halafu
yake, mwisho, hatima.

Again, adv. Zena, marra ya pili.
Again and again, marra kwa
marra, marra nyingi, papo kwa
Papo. ; A

Against, prep. juu ya, kwa kushi-

na, mbali na; (facing, to-
wards) upande wa, karibu ya,
kulekea.

Age, n. (duration) maisha; (time of
life) umri; (period) zamani,
muda, siku. What is your age?

AGITATION

Wapataje umri wako? To come
of age, kupata mtaka ashirini na
moja. Old age, usee, ukongwe.
Of same age, Atrimu, hirimu moja.
Past ages, samani za kale. It is
an age since I saw you, Zangu
zamani sionani nawe, siku nyingi
stkukuona.

Aged, a. -2ee, -kongwe ; (of things) -a
maisha mengi, -a kale.

Agency, n. (means, force) nguvu,
njia, kazi; (office) kazi (nyumba)
ya wakili; uwakili, ukarani. The
British Agency, kwa barozi Inge-
yeza.

Agent, n. (person acting) mwenyi
kutenda, mtenda kazst; (in busi-
ness) wakili [ma-], karani; (poli-
tical) mjumbe | wa-), barozi (ma-];
(acting force) kitu chenyi nguvu,
(medical) dawa.

Aggrandize, v. fahirisha, pasha
ukuu, tukuza, kuza.

Aggrandizement, n. kusidishiwa
cheo (nguvu, fahari), kutukuzwa,
kupewa ubele.

Aggravate, v. /emeza, kuliza, ongeza
vibaya, ongezea taabu; (exasperate)
tia uchungu, kasirisha, chokoza.

Aggravation, n. jambo la kufia
hasira, maongezo mabaya, ukulifu.

Aggregate, n. (collection) jamii;
(total) juml/a.

Aggression, n. jeuri, kushambulia,
kuendea, kuleta vita.

Aggressive, a. -a jeuri, -a kusham-
bulia, -a kuleta vita.

Aggressor, n. mjeurt, mleta vita,

Aggrieve, v. tia uchungu, stkitisha.

Aghast (Be), v. pigwa na bumbuazi
[ fathaa], tiskwa mno.

Agile, a. -cpess [wa mwendo).

Agility, n. wepesi.

Agitate, v. (excite) harakisha, fatha-
tsha, wakisha; (move violently)
sukasuka, tikisa; (as the sea)
chafua; (discuss) d:shania,

Agitation, n. (excitement) havaka,
fathaa, uthia; (popular) Jitina,
mabishano; (violent movement)
masukosuko, machafuko.

AGITATOR

10

ALCOHOLIC

Agitator, n. mfitint, mfanyi maneno.| Aim, v. (a gun, &c.) lehkeza, piga

Aglow (Be), v. waka, ng'aa.

Ago, adv. zamani. How long ago?
tangu lini? Long ago, zamani
sana, hapo kale, tokeapo. Some
time ago, kiasi, huko nyuma. A
little while ago, punde hivi. Ten
days ago, fangu siku kumi.

Agonize, v. umiza mno, sononesha.

Agony, n. maumivu makuu | ya
juhudi), athabu kuu.

Agrarian, a. juu ya kugawanya

—tnchi,-a mashamba. —

Agree, v. patana, chukuana, rithi-
ana, afikana, fanya shauri; (ac-
quiesce) £udbali; (be like) ngana,
elekea, -wa sawa, chukuana,

Agreeable, a. -a kupendeza, -surt,
-tamu. Be agreeable, kubali.
Agreeably with, kwa ginsi ya, kwa
maana ya, kama.

Agreement, n. mapatano, maagano,
makatibu, sharti.

Agricultural, a. -@ mambo ya
kulima, -a kulimia, -a mashamba,
-a kilimo. The agricultural classes,
wakulima. Agricultural interests
(pursuits), mambo ya shamba.
Agricultural implements, vyombo
vya kulimia.

Agriculture, n. £i/imo, maarifa ya
kulima.

Agriculturist, n. mwenyi maarifa
ya kilimo, mkulima | wa- |.

Aground,adv. Beaground, pwelewa.
Run aground, kwama mwambani,
panda pwani.

Ague, n. koma [la kutetemesha),
baridi,

Ahead, adv. mbele.

Aid, n. msaada, shime.

v. sayidia, leta msaada, auni.

Aide-de-camp, n. [sina la) akida
wa asikari, ofsa mdogo.

Ail, v. What ails you? unani? He
is ailing, Aawest.

Ailment, n. ugonjwa, uthaifu.

Aim, n. shebaha; (purpose) kusudi
[ma-], nia. That is my aim,
ndivyo nitakavyo. He has high
aims, afaka makuu.

shebaha, linga. Aim at, pigia
shebaha, lekezea bunduki; (desire,
intend) zaka, tamani, kusudia.

Air, n. hewa, upepo, anga; (tune)
uimbo; (appearance) umbo, sura,
kikao. For change of air, kubadili
hewa, kupunga hewa. Give one-
self airs, figa makuu, fanya ma-
daha, kujiona, kujifahirisha. Have
an air of, -wa kama -enyi. in
the air, vumika, enea pote; (vision-
ary) ndolo.

—— v, antka; (display) onyesha,

tangaza,
Airiness, n. (lightness) wepesi;
(unreality) «hafifu, matupu;

(openness) szwast.

Airing, n. matembezi ya nje, ku-
punga hewa.

Airtight, a. -stopisha hewa, -a
kukazana sana.

Airy, a. -4 hewa, -a juu; (trifling)
-tpest, -tupu, hafifu; (open to
air) -2 kupisha hewa, wazi, baridi.

Aisle, n. [sehemu ya kanisa kwa
upande mmoja, mbavuni).

Ajar,a. Leave the door ajar, acha
mlango wazi kidogo, shindua
mlango kidogo.

Akin (to), a. jamaa (namna, asili,
Sinsi) moja (na).

Alacrity, n. wepesi, bidii.

Alarm, n. hofu; habari ya hatari.

— v. stusha, tisha, ogofya.

Alarming, a. -a hofu, -a kustusha.

Alarum, n. [saa ndogo yenyi kengele
ndani |.

Alas, int. ole, ¢-e-c, mama wee.

Alb, n. [vase la kasisi |.

Albeit, conj.= Although, adv. wa/a-
kini,

Album, n. [4tfabu cha sanamu, cha
kutilia sanamu, majina ya watu,
mangine).

Albumen, n. (kifu kama ule wa
yayt}.

Alchemy, n. elimu alkimia.

Alcohol, n. | mvinyo kalisi wa nguvu
usiochanganyika|.

Alcoholio, a. -a 41/0, -a Alcohol.

ALDERMAN

Alderman, n. mzee [wa-] wa mji,
diwani [ma-].

Ale, n. pombe | ya kizungu|.

Alehouse, n. pa kunywea pombe,
nyumba ya pombe.

Alert, 2. -cpfest. On the alert,
tayari, macho, -epesi, hathirs.

Algebra, n. (¢c#mu ya kuhesabu kwa
A, B, CH, st kwa 1, 2, 3, &c.}.

Alien, a. -gent, mbals,-a ginsi mbali.

n. mgeni | wa-}.

Alienate,v.(people) farakisha, tengea
mbali, ftini ; (property) acha, toa.

Alienation,n. kufarakisha, &c. (Taz.
Alienate).

Alight (Be), v. washika, ng'aa.

oma Y, faa, shuka.

Alike, a. sawa, namna moja, -moja.

Aliment, n. makuli, chakula (vy- |.

Alimentary, a. -a kula, -a chakula.

Alive, a. -z2ima, hayi. Be alive to
a thing, ona, angalia, jua. Look
alive! amka! haya!

All, a. -0te, pia, -z2ima; (only) -tupu.
It is all sugar, sukali tupu. All
in all. He is all in all to him,
ni kama moyo (nafsi) wake. At
all, kidogo tu, haita kidogo, hatta,
kabisa. Not at all good, si njema
haita kidogo. If it is at all good,
thiwa njema kidogo tu. If he goes
at all, taifa akienda. Not at all,
stuyo kabisa, mbalimbali. All but,
karibu. All along, (all the time)
siku zote; (at same time) palepale.
All the same, all one, mamoja,
haithuru ; iweyo yote, hatta hivi,
lakini. All right, vema, bassi,
hkaithuru. After all, katia hivi,
ingawa htt, ijapokuwa. All there,
macho, tayari, -enyi akili. Onall
fours, kwa miguu yote minne, kwa
miguu na mikono; (appropriate)
sawa sawa, barabba.

Allay, v. fulisa, nyamazisha, laini-
sha, punguza.

Allegation, n. neno (ma-), hoja,
ushuhuda.

Allege,v.faja, nena, toa neno, toa hoja.

Allegiance, n. utit (wa rayia), ta'a,
amini.

li

ALLUVIAL

Allegorical, a. -2 mfano, -a fumbo
(Zaz. Allegory). '

Allegorise, v. sema kwa fumbo.

Allegory, n. fumbo la maneno, kisa
chenyi maana ya siri, mfano,
methali.

Alleviate, v. Zuliza, nyamazisha,
lainisha.

Alleviation, n. kufulisa, faraja,
kitulizo.

Alley, n. njia ndogo |katika mji),
kichochoro |vi-).

Alliance, n. mapatano, urafiki;
(family) akali, utani; (marriage)

, harusi.

Alligator, n. mamba.

Allot (to), v. gawanyta.

Allotment, n. (distribution) ugnwo,
ugawanyo; (ground) kipande cha
shamba, shamba, konde.

Allow, v. (give leave) acha, ruhusu,
toa ruksa; (concede) kubali
(maneno), kiri; (give money) toa
L Jetha), lipa; (remit) punguza bei.
Allow for, (take account of) £u-
mbuka, angalia; (let pass) achilia,
samehe; (give time for) mbika,
ngojea. Allow me to pass, tafa-
thalt nipishe.

Allowable, a. hala/:.

Allowance, n. kwacha, &c. (Taz.
Allow); (fixed amount) osho,
haki, sehemu. Make allowance
for, achilia, samehe; (bear in mind)
kumbuka, hesabu. Make an allow-
ance to, folea posho | fetha mahali
pa posho).

Alloy, n. madini sistzochanganytka,
mchanganyo.

—— v. changanya (madini).

Allude to, v. Zaja, onya, nena, ku-
mobusha,

Allure, v. vuta kwa werevu, tama-
nisha.

Allurement, n. kifu kivutacho, cha
kutamanisha; (attraction) mvuto,
ushaushi.

Allusion, n. #eno (la kurejea neno
lingine), onyo [ma-], rejeo (ma-],
kumbukumbu.

Alluvial, a. (country) (inchi iliyo-

ALLUVIUM 12

kuwa matope ya mto, thakaukiwa
maji), -a matope ya mlo.

Alluvium, n. matope ya mtoni.

Ally, n. rafiki (ma-), mshiriki
[wa-}.

v. unganisha, patanisha, fanytza,
urafiki. Be allied, patana, -wa
na urafiki; (of connection, resem-
blance) -wa kama, fanana na,
-wa ginsi ya. Allied armies, ma-
jeshi ya marafiki. These matters
are Closely allied, mambo kaya
kama mamoja.

Almanac, n. takwimu (hesabu ya

, miezi na juma na siku za mwaka |,

Almighty, a. mwenyezi, -enyi
nguvu yote, -weza vyote. Almighty
God, Mwenyezi Muungu.

Almond, n. fruit) lozi [ma-] ; (tree)
mlozi ( ms-

Almost, adv. karibu.

Alms, n. sadaka, zaka.

Aloe, n. mshubiri [mes-], uudi.

Aloft, adv. Juu. pi

Alone, a. pasipo mtu, peke yangu
(yako, yake, &c.], kiwa; (only)
-tupu, tu, billa kitu kingine.

Along, adv. na prep. kwa, mbele,
katika. Along with, pamoja na.
Come along! twende zetu, haya!
All along, siku zote. Go along,
toka, enenda. Pass, or steer, alon
the shore, ambaza |neut. ambaa
pwani.

Alongside, adv. na prep. mbavuni,
kando. Go alongside (of boat,
ship), $ambana na, kwenda sam-
bamba, ambaa. Lay alongside,
ambaza. j

Aloof, adv. mbali.

Aloud, adv, kwa sauti kuu, sana.

Alphabet, n. (Taratibu ya harufu
sote, A, B, CH), alfabeti.

Already, adv. zamani, mbele, kwa-
nza. He is already come,amekwisha
kuja. It is done already, sme-
kwisha fanyika.

Also, adv. sa, tena, vilevile.

Altar, n. mathbaku.

Alter, v. geuza, badilisha, badili;
(neut.) geuka, badilika.

AMATEUR

Alteration, n. kugeuka, kugeuza ;
mabadili, mageuzi.

Altercate, v. gombana, bishana.

Altercation, n. ugomvi, matukano.

Alternate, a. -moja bado wa -moja,
killa -a "pili. Take the alternate
loads, twaa mzigo huu, acha huu,
kwaa huu, &c., chukua killa mzigo
wa pili.

— v. badili, badiliana.

Alternately, adv. kwa zamu. Carry
alternately, pokezanya.

Alternative, n. shauri la pili.
I have no alternative, sima budi,
There are two alternatives for you,
chagua mambo mawili. ‘Is there
no alternative? hakuna shauri
lingine ?

—— a, -ngine, -a pili,

Although, con). skiwa, yapokuwa,
kwamba, ijapo.
Altitude, n. " arefis [wa kwenda juu)
Altogether, adv. haswa,” kabisa,
pia; (in a mass) pamoja, jamii.
Altruism, n. (mtu kumpenda jirani
kuliko nafsi yake).

Alum, n. shabbu,

Always, adv. siku zote, dayima.

Am, v. (p.t. Was, pf. t. Been) 272,
-wa, -it- (na katika Verbs, -na-,
-me-, yenyi habari ya Mimi). Taz.
Be. I am (exist), minami, nipo.
I am, 3, niko, nili. Whoever
I am, niwaye yote, I am a man,
mimi mtu, I who am strong
shall go, mimi niliye hodari
nakwenda. | am going, nakwenda.
I am tired, nimechoka. I am to
go, nina shart; (lazima, sina
buddhi) kwenda. hat am I to
do? nifanyeje? Are you going?
unakwenda? 1 am, ndw, na-
kwenda.

Amalgamate, v. changanya, unga,
ungana.

Amanuensis, n. kafibu, mwandishi
(wa-), karani.

Amass, v. kusanya, pata [mali ny-
ingi), fanya chungu ya.

Amateur, n. (mfu atendaye kazi
ya fundi burre kwa kuipenda, si

AMATORY
kwa fayida ; fundi asiye kwansa

mwanafunzi).

Amatory, a. -4 shauku, -a kutia
shauku.

Amaze, v. ajabisha, shangaza, fa-
thatsha, stusha. Be amazed, staa-
jabu, toshea, shangaa.

Amasement, n. ushangao, fathaa,
tosheo. Blank amazement, kufu-
ndawaa, bumbuazi.

Amason, n. | asikari wa kike, mwa-
namke hodari kwa kasi ya vita},
Ambassador, n. mjumbe [wa-], ba-

yozi [ma-| mkuu.

Amber, n. ktarbaa (Ar.).

Ambergris, n. ambari (Ar.).

Ambient, a. -a2 kusunguka, -a pande
sole,

Ambiguity, n. fumbo, matata ya
Maneno.

Ambiguous, a. -4 fumbo, -gumu,

“enyi matata,

Ambition, n. kufaka makuu | heshi-
ma, mali, nguvu).

Ambitious, a.-a kutaka makuu, -a
kiburi, -kuu.

Amble, n. (mwendo wa ngamia
akikimbia|.

Ambulance, n. (gari la kuchukua
wagonjwa na vyombo vya mganga
vitant), gari la dawant.

Ambuscade, n. maoteo, maficho. To
lie in ambuscade (for), ofea njiani,
vizia kwa siri, jificha.

Ameliorate, v. tengenesa, fanyiza,
Janya -zuri zayidi,

Amen, n. amin.

Amenable, a. -#tt, -sikifu, -a kupa-
siwa hukumu (athabu).

Amend, v. tengeneza, fanyiza. Make
amends to, réthisha, lipa.

Amendment, n. kulengeneza, tenge-
nezo [ma-|, wongofu ; (in law, &c.)
lengenezo la sheria.

Amenity, n. ssurt, ma gi.

American, a. Amerikant, -a himeri-

kani.
Amethyst, n. | kito chenyi rangi ya
samawi)|.
Amiability, n. # £1, WEMA,
Amiable, a. -a kupendeza, -ema, -pole.

18

ANALOGY

Amicable, a. -a amani, -2 urafiki,
-2 upole.

Amid, Amidst, prep. tati ya, katika,

Amiss, adv. vibaya, si vema. What
is amiss? kunani? Take amiss,
kosa kufahamu vema, onea chuki
(uchungu), chukizwa na.

Ammunition, n. baruts na lisasi.

Amnesty, n. | kusamehe watu walto-
kosea serkals\, masamaka.

Among, Amongst, prep. kats ya,
beina ya, miongoni mwa.

Amorous, a. -enyi shauko kwa
waanake, -2 shauko nyingi.

Amount, n. (total) jumla, yote pa-
moja; (quantity) kiasi, kadiri;
(large quantity) wingi.

—— (to), v. pata kiasi (cha), -wa
sawa [na]. It amounts to this,
maana yake ni his.

Amour, n. uasherati, uzinzi.
Amphibious, a. (-enyi kikao nussu
majini nussu kwa inchi kavu).
Amphitheatre, n. (uwanda wa ku-

chezea mkubwa wa mviringo|.

Ample, a. -kubwa, -ings, tele, mari-
thawa.

Amplification, n. kuzidisha, ziada.

Amplify, v. sidisha, ongeza.

Amputate, v. tata (mguu, mkono).

Amputation, n. kukata | kukatika,
mkono au mguu).

Amulet, n. talasimu, hirizi.

Amuse, v. pendeza, furahisha, chee
kesha.

Amusement, n. mchezo |(mi-), ma-
ongeo, masumguinso, Maongesi ;
(pleasure) furaha.

An, 7as. A.

Anachronism, n. kosa la kuhesabu
wakati, kukosea tarihi. It is an
anachronism, stmekoseka wakali
wake, st -a siku hisi (zile).

Anaemia, n. (ugonjwa) damu haba,
damu nyeupe.

Anaesthetic, n. (dawa ya kuzimisha
roho, ya kukomesha maumivu |.
Analogous, a. -a mfano, -a kadiri

moja, sawa, mamoja.

Analogy, n. mfano (mi-|, ufanani,
ulinganifu, methali, ;

ANALYSE
eae v. fanya Analysis, cha-

Analysis, n. | kutafuta habari ya kitu
(namna yake, asili yake) kwa kuki-
vunja na kukigawanya katika
sehemu zake), mvunjo, mchanga-
nud.

Anarchist, n. mwasi [wa-), mhalifu

Anarchy, n. [kali ya kuwa pasipo
mjumbe wala serkali); (disorder)
machafuko, uthia mtupu.

Anathema, n. /aana.

Anathematise, v. /aani.

Anatomy, n. (elimu ya mwils wote
na viungo vyake ginsi vilivyotenge-
nezwa|.

Ancestor, n. babu, mzee [wa-],
baba.

Ancestral, n. -a baba, -a wasee.

Ancestry, n. wasee; cheo.

Anchor, n. nanga, baura, Weigh
anchor, ng'oa nanga.

v. ta nanga, puliza nanga.

Anchorage, n. bandari.

Anchorite, n. (tama Monk), mkaa
pekee, mta wa | wa-|.

Ancient, a. -a kale, -a zamani, -a
kwanza.

Ancle, 7as. Ankle.

And, conj. 2a, -ka-. Go and fetch
it, nenda kalefe. He went and
fetched it, alikwenda akaleta.

Anecdote, n. kisa, hadithi ndogo,
hekaya.

Anew, adv. tena, marra ya pils.

Angel, n. malaska.

Angelic, a. -a malaika, kama ma-
laika, -ema sana, -takattfu.

Anger, n. kasira, ghathabu, chuki,
uchungu, ukali.

embe (mistari miwili

weza.

Angrily, adv. kwa hasira, vikali.

Angry, 2. -enyi hasira, -a ghathabu,
&c. Zaz. Anger.

14

ANNOTATION

Anguish, n. uchungu, umizo kuu,
juhudi, théki.

Angular (Be), v. -wa na pembepembe.

Animadvert (upon), v. nenea, ka-
ripia, laumu.

Animal, n. mnyama | wa-), nyama;
(small) mdudu | wa-).

—— a. -a nyama, -a kinyama. Ani-
mal spirits, moyo wa kucheza,
kucheka kwingi.

Animalcule, n. kanyama kadogo,
kidudu |vi-|.

Animalism, n. | kawa hali ya mnya-
ma, wala st kama mtu, kujifanya
nyama), anasa mbaya.

Animate, a. -enyt usima, hayi.

Animate, v. kuisha, tia uzima afya,
nguvu, &C.; (cheer) amsha, -pa
moyo.

Animated, a. -cfesi, -a nguvu. He
spoke in an animated way (with ani-
mation), alinena kwa nguvu. An
animated face, mwangaza wa uso.

Animation, n. wepest, bidii, sute-
ndaji, moyo wa nguvu.

Animosity, n. wadui, machukio.

Animus, n. moyo, ata; (intention)
maana, kusudi ; (anger) hasira.

Ankle, n. kifundo cha mguu, ki”
wiko (?) cha mguu.

Ame n. mtali |mi-), furungu

ma- |.

Annals, n. kabari za mambo ya killa
mwaka, chuo cha tarihi, tarths.
Anneal, v. choma (kioo, madini)

motoni; ; (temper) fsa matiko.

Annex, v. jipatia, sitwalia (inchi,
shamba), nyang'anya; (add) ta,
ungu.

Annexation, n. kujipatia, &c. Tas.
Annex.

Annihilate, v. haribu kabisa, vunja

pia, tangua.

| Annihilation, n. mlanguo, mvunjo,

kuharibika, maangamizi; (non-ex-
istence) kutokuwa kabisa kutoweka,
Anniversary, n. siku kuu [ya
ukumbusho killa mwaka).
Annotate, v. fa maelezo (mafafa
nusi), lesa.
Annotation, n. macleso, mafafanust.

ANNOUNCE

Announoe, v. sangaza, hubiri wazi,
piga mbiu juu ya, vumisha habari
ya.

Announcement, n. sangaw, habari
wazi, mbi;

Annoy, v. sumbua, uthi, chokosa.

Annoyance, n. sumbuo, sumbuko,
uthia, kisirani.

Annoying, a. -a kusumbua, uthia.

Annual, a. -a killa mwaka, -a mwaka
mmoja tt.

Annuity, n. | fetha ya kulipa killa
mwaka). ;

Annul, v. fangua, batili.

Annunciation(The),n. | Sikira Ma-
ryamu kuhubiriwa na malaika),

Anodyne, n. dawa ya kunyamazisha
maumivu, kitulizo.

Anoint, v. 41a mafuta, paka.

Anomalous, a. -2 Anomaly.

Anomaly, n. | kifu kisicho kwa desturi
ao kawaida |, kigeni, cha peke yake,
hakina mwenzake, ajabu.

Anon, adv. marra, halafu.

Anonymous, a. -Stofiwia jina, pasipo
jina, -a siri.

Another, a. -#gine, -a pili.

Answer, n. jibu [ma-], jawabu,
kuitika.

Answer, v. jibu, leta jawabu, itika ;
(satisfy) Zosha, rethisha; (be useful)
Jaa; (correspond) /izgana. Answer
for, diriki, ahidia, thaminia. You
shall answer for it, wfalipja wewe.
I will answer for him, mami mtha-
mine wake.

Answerable, a. You are answer-
able for this, kifu kiki ni juu yako,
ni kazi yako, umeaminiwa, | am
not answerable, mimi simo, st
kasi yangu. Become, make one-
self answerable, ‘adariks, diriki.

Ant, n. chungu; (white) mchwa;
(brown) sta/u ; (red) maji ya moto,
Sc.

Antagonism, n. usiindani, wadui,
tofauti, kutopatana, kutolekeana.
Antagonist,n.mshindani| wa-|,adui.

Antagonistic, a. -¢ Antagonism.

Antecedent, a. -2 kwanza, -a mbele,
-@ saman., -a kutangulia.

15.

ANTIQUARY

Antecedents, n. [mambo yaliyopita
ya maisha ya mtu, mambo yake ya
zamani| habari, kisa.

Antediluvian, a. kabla ya gharika
ya Nuhu, -a kale.

Antelope, n. (nyama yo yote yenyi
mfano wa paa. Tas. Water-buck,
hartebeest, £c.).

Anterior, a. -a mbek.

Anthem, n. utmbo (ny- |) wa dini.

Anthropomorphig, a. -a Anthropo-
morphism.

-| Anthropomorphism, n. [sumthania

Muungu kuwa kama mtu, kusa-
wazisha Muumba na kiumbe).

Anti-, -2 kuwa juu ya; -a kulekea.
(Mwansoni pa neno, maana yake,
(a) -enyi kufanya nguvu juu ya
kitu fullani, -htvt: Antichrist,
adui yake Masiya, (b) -enyi kuki-
lekea, -hivi: Antipodes, penyi
kukaa upande wa pili wa uli-
mwengu.

Antichrist, n. (adui mkuu wa Ma-
siya |.

Antichristian, a. -/i0 juu ya dini
ya kimasihiya, -a kuharibu Uma-
sihiya, -a kuchukiza Wamasihiya.

Anticipate, v. fwaa mbele, onja
mbele, fanya mbele, fanya kwanza,
tangulia kufanya, tangulia; (pre-
vent) zuia mbele, suta; (expect)
tasamia mbele, tumaini, thani,
wasa mbele.

Anticipation, n. Aufwaa mbele, &c.,
utangulizi; (expectation) shana
za mbele; tumaini. It is as I
anticipated, ndivyo nilivyothanit
kwanza. He anticipated my re-
quest, alinipa kabla stjamwomba.

Antios, n. kuchezacheza, kujitapa.

Antidote, n. dawa juu ya sumu.

Antimony, n. wanja wa manga.

Antipathy, n. machukio, chuki,
wadus, kuchukiana.

Antiphonal, a. Sing antipbonally,
itikizana.

Antipodes, n. [upande wa pili wa
dunia |.

Antiguary, n. (mwenyi maarifa ya
vitu vya kale|,

ANTIQUATED

Antiquated, a. -a hikak, -baya,
-kukuu.

Antique, a. -a kikale.

Antiguity, n. ukale, zamani za kale,
watu wa zamani.

Antithesis, n. maneno ya kulekeana,
yaliyo mbalimbali.

Antitype, n. (kifu kilichoonyeshwa
kwanza kwa mfano,kilu chenyewe).

Antler, n. f$embe ya Antelope.

Anus, n. mkundu.

Anvil, n. fuawe.

Anxiety, n. mashaka, taabu, haraka,
fathaa.

Anxious (Be), v. ona mashaka, taha-
yaki, shugulika, fathaika. Be
anzious (for), kumbuka, hofia, taka,
tamani; (about) kofia, sikitikia.

—— a. -a mashaka, -a hatari,

Any, 2. -0-ofe, Any one, any body,
ye yote, killa mtu, awaye yote. Any-
thing, kitu cho chote. In any case,
at any rate, kwa killa hali, kwa
vyo vyote. There is not any,
hapana hatta kidogo.

Anyhow, ady. vyo vyote, kwa killa
hali, tweyo yote.

Anywhere, adv. po pote.

Apace, adv. mbio.

Apart, adv. mbali, kwa faragha;
(separately) moja moja; (in two
parts) vipande viwili. Set apart,
weka mbali, tenga, bagua. Force
(draw) apart, nanya.

Apartment, n. chumba |vy- |), mkato
(mi-). Let apartments, pangtisha
mikato

Apathetic, a. -eny: Apathy.
Apathy, n. ubaridi, utepetevu, uzito.
Ape, n. nyani.
—— v. 1ga, jifafanisha na.
Aperient, n. dawa ya kuharisha.
Aperture, n. Zundu; (for light)
mwangasa me"), dirisha marl,
Apex, n. kilele (vi-), ncha, kipeo.
Aphorism, n. methali ya maneno.
Apiece, adv. moja moja, killa mtu.
Apocalypse, n. | kitabu cha mwisho
cha Maandiko Matakatifu, Ufu-

9360).
Apocrypha, n. (vitabu vya Maan-

16

APPEARANCE

diko Matakatifu visivyo vya kar
nuni kwa Kanisa Ingeresa|.

Apocryphal, a.-a Apocrypha; (un-
proved) -a kubunika, -a uwongo.

Apologetic, a. -a kusitetea, -a kujt-
kania kosa.

Apologise, v. a | pasha] rathi, kiri.
kosa, fiuthuru, jstetea, I beg to
apologize, ‘afathali kunrathi sana.

Apology, n. rathi, hoja, maneno,
uthuru. Please accept my apo-
logies, safathal: sana uniwie rath.
Make an abject apology to, shika
miguu ya.

Apostasy, n. kukufuru.

Apostate, n. mkufuru | wa-).

Apostatise, v. kufuru.

Apostle, n. mtume (mi-}.

Apostolic, a.-a mitume, -a zamani
za Mitume.

Apothecary, n. mwusa madawa,

Appal, v. tisha, ogofisha sana.

Appalling, a. -a hofu, -a kutisha.

Apparatus, n. vyombo (vya kufanyia
kasi), samani, vipande. Mechani-
cal apparatus (for moving), #yenso.

Apparel, n. mavasi, nguo.

Apparent, a. (clear), wazi, thahtré,
mbayana, -a ka; (seeming. un-
certain, not real) kama hivi, si
hakika, -a kuonckana tu.

Apparently, adv. naona, Nionavyo,
de , kama.

Apparition, n. fokeo (ma-), kivuli
[w¥-], kioja (vi-), kinyago (vi-).
Appeal, v. (call on) ita, omba, taja;
(for mercy, help) /alama, piga
towe, taka msaada; (for judge-
ment) taka hukumu, kimbilia. |
will appeal to the Sultan, ##/ametia:
Sultani. It appeals to the eye
(feelings), zxavuta macho moyo),

—— n. (petition) Aaya; (for mercy)
lalamiko ; (recourse) rejeo.

Appear, v. onckana, tokea; (suddenly)
zukia; (look like) kuwa kama. It
appears so, #aona ndivyo. It ap-
pears right, #: kama njema.

Appearance, n. kutokea, kuonekana;
(aspect) sura, smbo[ma-]; (appa-
rition) Zokeo [ma-]; (resemblance)

APPEASE

mfano (mt-], kifani. For the sake
of appearance, to save appearances,
kwa uzuri, tsiwe na haya.

Appease, v. tuliza, suluhisha, ri-
thisha.

Appsliation, n. jina (mar).

Append, v. ta mwishoni | juu,
nyuma, baadaye|.

Appendage, n. (kifu kilichotiwa
mwishoni).

Appendix, n. (mwisho wa kitabu,
uliotiwa baadaye |, nyongeza.
Appertain, v. pasa, -wa -a,:

-enyi habari ya.

Appetite, n. famaa ya chakula,
tamaa, roho.

Appeotize, v. amsha tamaa ya cha-
kula, tamanisha chakula.

Applaud, v. sifu, pigia sifa, tukuza,
5 lea

Applause, n. safa, $.

Apple, n. [¢unda la kizungu, kama
pera; mti wake). Apple of the
eye, mboni wa jicho. ple-pie
order, taratibu sana, ‘arabe

Appliance, n. kifu cha kutumika,
kifaacho kwa kazi, chombo |vy-).

Applicable, a. -a kufumika,-a kufaa.

Applicant, n. mdai [wa-], mwom-
bajt, mletaji haja.

Application, n. kutia (kitu); (re-
guest) kaja; (industry) bidii ya
kazi, welekevu.

Apply, v. tta, tumia; (medicine)
bandika, paka; (neut.) taka, omba;
(suit) faa, Angana. Apply for,
omba, taka. Apply to (ask), folea
haja, kimbilia; (suit) pasa, faa;
(refer to) kusika na, nenea, -wa
na habari ya. Apply oneself to,
jitia katika.

Appoint, vy. agiza, amuru, weka.

Appointment, n. kuagiza, Sc.;
amri, agizo | ma-), maafikano. He
has a good appointment, amefewa
kazi bora. They made an appoint-
ment for six o'clock, wa/?wekeana
Saa sita wakutane.

Apportion, v. gawanya, gawa.

Apportionment, n. mgawo, kuga-
wanya.

“Wa

17

APRICOT

Apposite, a. -enyi maana, -liofaa,
-elekeuu, -a bahati, -a njia.

Appraise, v. tia kima, kadiri.

Appreciable, a. kidogo kidogo, -a
kutambulikana, -a kupimikana. It
is hardly appreciable, skidda sana,
kama hapana.

Appreciate, v. (understand) fahamu
vema ; (enjoy) furahia, pendezwa
na, ona njema; (of value) zidi
thamani.

Appreciation, n. kufahamu wema,
Sc. (Zaz. Appreciate).

Apprehend, v. (arrest) kamata, tia
kifungoni, funga; (understand)
Jahamu, tambua; (fear) hafu,

ogopa.

Apprehension, n. kukamatwa; (un-
derstanding) ufahamu, akili, ku-
ona; (fear) hofu.

Apprehensive, a. -enyi hofu.

Apprentice, n. mwanxafunszi | wa-|
wa kazi.

—v. fanya mwanafunzi, tia kwa
fundi,

Apprenticeship, n. wanafunzi.

Apprise, v. arifu, pasha habari,
hubtria,

Approach, n. kuja, majilio; (means
of) njia, mlango; (resemblance)
mfano, kivuli.

v. karibia, sogea karibu, jia,

endea; (resemble) fanana, li-

ngana.

Approbation, n. sifa, ukubali,
kibali, ithini.

Appropriate, v. jifwalia, jiwekea,
tha ; (set apart) weka, tenga.

a. wajibu, -ema, -a kufaa. Be
appropriate, faa, lekea, lingana.
Approval, n. kibali, urathi, tthint,

usahihi. Goods on approval,

bithaa sa mregaa.
Approve, v. sifu, penda, kuwa rathi,

rithia; (sanction) kubali, toa
ithint. I approve it, #memipen-
deza.

| Approximate, a. karibu sawa, kama

sawa.
Apricot, n. (tunda la kizungu, kama
embe; tena, mti wake |.

Cc

APRIL

April, n. (mwezi wa nne wa mwaka
kizungu |.

Apron, n. (nguo ya kuvalia mbele),
propos, a. -a bahatt, -a kufaa, -a
maana, sawa sawa.

Apse, n. (mwisho wa kanisa wenyi
mviringo|.

Apt, a.cpest,-clekeuu, -hodari, -z0eju.
He is apt to forget, kusahau.

Aptitude, Aptness, n. wepesi, Sc.

Aptly, adv. wajibu, wema, vizuri,

Aquarium, n. (Birika ya maji ya
kuwekea vitu vizima vya maji).

Aquatic, a. -a maji, -a majini, -a
kukaa majini.

Aqueduct, n. mfereji wa maji.

Aqueous, a. -a maji.

Aquiline, a. -a fat, kama mdomo wa
Zai. An aquiline nose, pua iliyoi-
nama.

Arab, n. Mwarabu (Wa-).

—— Arabian, Arabic, n. -a kia-
rabu, -a Manga.

Arabia, n. Arabuni, Manga.

Arable, a. -a kulimika.

Arbiter, Arbitrator, n. mwamuzt
[wa-], mwenyi amri, mpatanishi.

Arbitrament, Arbitration, n. maa-
muzi, hukumu.

Arbitrary, a. (oppressive) -thalimu,
jeuri; (despotic) -2 kuhukumu
kwa peke yake (kwa nguvu, pasipo
shauri, pasipo sheria). He is
arbitrary, hashauriani, hasikit
mt. ° .

Arbitrate, v. amua.

Arbour, n. kibanda [cha kupum-
sikia, nyumba ya anasa katika
bustani |,

Arcade, n. [darasa ao ujia wenyi
matao), mafao.

Arch, n. Zao (ma-).

—— a. -erevu, -a hila,
kuu.

Archaeology, n. maarifa ya mambo
ya kale.

Archaio, a. -a ktkale.

Archaism, n. neno la kikale,

Archangel, n. malaika mkuu.

Archbishop, n. askofu mkuu.

Archdeacon, n. kastst mkubwa.

Arch-,

18

‘

ARISTOCRACY

Archer, n. asikari mpiga upindi,
mwenyi upindi, mwenyi mata.

Archery, n. kasi ya kupiga upindi.

Archetype, n. namna ya asili, kielezo
cha kwanza.

Archipelago, n.[dehart yenyi visiwa
vingi |.

Architect, n. (mwenyi shauri ya
kujenga, mtoa nyumba), mjenzi
[wa-], mwandishi [wa-].

Archives, n. farihi.

Arctic, a. -a inchi za kaskazini, -a
baridi kali.

Ardent, a. -4 nguvu, -cpest, -a ku-
waka. He is an ardent lover,
shauko yamwaka. Ardent spirits,
mvinyo wa nguvu, kileo.

Ardour, n. wepesi, bidii, moyo.

Arduous, a. -gumu, -a shidda,

Are, v. [kama Am, illa yenyi habari
ya Wewe, Sisi, Ninyi, Wao}.

Area, n. (house yard) uwanja, be-
hewa; (eztent) cheo cha kuenea,
eneo.

Areca, n. (tree) mpopoo (mi-); (fruit)
pepe (ma

Arena, n.uwanja | wazi wa kuchezea,
mahali pa kushindania |.

Argue, v. toa hoja (sababu, ma-
neno), jadili; (discuss) shindana
kwa maneno, hojiana, tetana,
bishana, jadiliana. Argue with,
hoji,

Argument, n. (reason) sababu, hoja,
maneno; (reasoning) mabishano,
kujadiliana; (evidence) mathu-
butu, ushuhuda.

Argumentative, a. -h0/j2, -a maneno
mengi, -a kujadiliana, -a kubi-
Shana, 8c.

Arianism, n. mafundisho ya Ario
(Zangu A.D. 325).

Arid, a. -kavu sana.

Arise, v. (p. t. Arose, pf. t. Arisen)
(get up) ondoka, inuka, panda;
(stand) ondoka, simama; (occur)
tokea, tukia. A quarrel arose,
palitokea ugomvi.

Arisen, pf.t. Arise.

Aristocracy, n. (class) jamit ya
masheki, wakubwa, majumbe,

ARISTOCRATIC 19

wasee ; (government) kukumu ya
watu wakubwa.

Aristocratic, a. -a Aristocracy, -a
kiungwana, -a cheo bora, -a kita-
jiri, -a ginsi ya watu wakubwa,

Arithmetic, n. emu ya hesabu.

Arithmetician, n. mwenyi elimu ya
hesabu.

Ark,n.(Noah's) safina; (large chest)
sand

Arm, n. mkono (mi-J; (of sea) gusa,
hori; (of river) Janda |(ma-); (of
tree) tawi [(ma-], panda [ma-].
Arm in arm, kushikana mt-
kono. Infant in arms, mtoto mcha-
nga Lasiyeweza kwenda). Keepat
arm's length, ferga mbali, epusha,

epukana na. With o arms,
kwa urafiki, kwa mahabba, kwa
shauko. One-armed, -enyi kikono.

Tz pa selaha; (neut.) twaa se-

a.

Armament, n. (armed force) jeshi
lenyi selaha ; (warlike stores) ma-
tengeneso ya vita; (ship’s guns)
mizinga ya manowari.

Armistice, n. mapatano | ya wapi-
ganao), kutuliza vita, mapumziko,
a

mani.

Armlet, n. kikuku |vi-|, banagiri.

Armour, n. se/aha, (dress) mavazi ya
vita (vya chuma); (ship's) chuma
cha mbavuni mwa manowari.

Armourer, n. mfua [wa-] selaha,
mjume |wa-), mchukusi | wa-)
selaha.

Armoury, n. ghala ya selaha.

Armpit, n. kwapa.

Arms, n. se/aha. Under arms, -enyt
selaha, Zayari kwa vita. Up in
arms, enyi hasira, tayari kugo-
mbana [kubishana}.

Army, n. jeshi la watu wa vita, jeshi
la asikari.

Aroma, n. #ukato, harufu.

Aromatic, a. -a nukato, -a ku-
Ramia

Arose, p. t. Arise.
Around, adv. na prep. pande zote
(sa), kuzunguka, kandokando | ya},
mzingo | wa ).

ARTERIAL

Arouse, v. amsha, sukuma, wakisha,
harakisha, chomesha.

Arraign, v. sitaki, tetea, tia huku-
muni.

Arrange, v. (put in order) andika,
zatiti ,tengeneza, safidi, panga,rati-
bisha; (organize, settle) fanya
shughuli ya, toa shauri la, amuru,
tengeneza. Arrange a quarrel,
tultza, patanisha wagomvi, sulu-
kisha. Arrange materials, &c.,
tangamantsha. Arrange differently
(words), tungua; (soldiers) pangz-

Arrangement, n. matengenezo, tara-
‘madaraka, amri, shauri;
(agreement) mapatano.

Array, v. panga, sattte, andika;
(dress) vika, pamba.

—— n. taratibu, pambo, safusafu,
jamii nsuri; (dress) urembo.

Arrears, n. deni. To be in arrears,
kuwa na dent, huwiwa,

Arrest, v. (seize) kamata, funga;
(stop) simamisha, zuta. It arrested
my attention, slinivuta macho,
##nitazamisha.

—— n. kufungwa; (stoppage) sto.

Arrival, n. kuja, majilio, kifiko,
kikomo.

Arrive, v. fika, wasi/i,-ja. Arrive at,
Jika, fikia, patia, tekelea.

Arrogance, n. kiburi, ufithuls.

Arrogant, a. -eny: Arrogance.

Arrogate, v. jitwalia pasipo haki,
jipatia.

Arrow, n. mshale (mi-).

Arrowroot, n. uwanga, wanga.

Arsenal, n. ghala! kubwa ya kuwekea
Se. .

Arson, n. kuteketeza nyumba (za
wafu makusud? |.

Art, n. sanaa, ustadi wa kazi, kasi
ya fundi; (cunning) Kila; (skill)
akili, werevu, elimu. "Art of
medicine, writing, &c., utabibu,
wandishi, Rc. Work of art, kasi
ya sanaa, kazi ya fundi. Arts and
manufactures, kasi za akili na
kasi za mikono.

Arterial, a. -4 Artery.

ARTERY |

Artery, n. mshipa mkubwa wa damu;
(road) njia kuu.

Artesian well, n. (kisima cha
kwenda chini sana, kitokezacho
maji ju.

Artful, a. -a hila, -erevu, -a vitimbt,
janja.

Artfulness, n. kila, werevu, 8c.

Article, n. (thing) kitu; (written)
sehemu ya andiko, juzu, Sura;
(clause) sharii. Article of Faith,
shartt ya Imant. Article of com-
merce, d%¢haa. What an article!
hafifu hiyo!

Articulate, v. tam’ka, nena.

a. -enyt kutamkwa vizuri,
thahtri, wast.

Articulation, n. tam’ko.

Artifice, n. hzla, kitimbi (vi-], mtego

mi-j.

Artificer, n. fundi [ma-}.
Artificial, a. -Hofany:swa na watu,
si -a asili, si halisi.
Artillery, n. mizinga,

mizinga.

Artisan, n. fundi (| ma-).
Artist, n. |mfanya kasi kwa akili
na uzuri) mstadt, warta, fundi;
(painter) mpiga sanamu za rangi.
Artistic, a. -a@ Art, -a Artist, ustadi,

-sanifu, bora, halisi, zuri.

Artless, a. pasipo hila, billa kombo,
nyofu, -jinga.

Aryan, a. |-a Wazungu wa asili
samani sana!.

As, conj. na adv. (like as) kama,
kadiri, mithali, kama -vyo,
ginsi (halt, kadiré]| .. -vyo; (when)
wakati | pindi, pale|..-po, -kt, -po;
(since) Awa sababu, kwa maana,
kwa kuwa.
ya (ama Subj. Mood). He ran, so
as to overtake him, alikimbia,
apate kumpatia. As long as it is
wide, upana na urefu sawa. Just
as, vivi hivi kama. As far as
(ever) I can, As much as, As long
as, tama| kadiri | ntwesavyo (sana).
As soon as I can, upesi niwezavyo.
As long as, As much as, sawa na.
As far as, hatta, mpaka. As if,

askart wa

20

So as to, kwa ginsi

ASININE
kama. Same as, sawa na. Such
as, kama. As well as, ma. . pta,

pamoja na, na tena, sawa na.
Men as well as women, wake kwa
waume. As well, pia, sawasawa,
vilevile. As to, As for, kwa, juu
ya, kwa habari ya, min tarafu
ya. As it were, kama. Just as
well, mamoja, haithuru. As yet,
bado, hatta sasa.

Asafoetida, n. mvuje.

Ascend, v. panda, inuka, kwea, paa.
It is in the ascendant, :napanda,
inazidi, inashinda.

Ascendenoy, n. #wezo, nguvu.

Ascension Day, n. [Siku kuu ya
kupaa mbinguni Isa Masiya),.

Ascent, n. mpando, mpao, kupanda;
(hill) "kilima, pa kupanda. Means
of ascent, Zandio.

Ascertain, v. hakikia, pata hakika,
yakinia, huji, pata kujua.

Asocotic, n. mfu mtawa | wa kuji-
nyima mazuri na kujilia mazilo
makusudi |.

Asceticism, n. Aali ya Ascetic,

kujikalisia furaha sole hatta zilizo
lalt), kujiathibu, ugumu.

Ascribe to, v. andikia, hesabia,
wekea, tolea, vejezea. Ascribe
wrongly to, singizia, sulia.

Ascription, n. kufoka, &c. (Taz.
Ascribe).

Ash, Ashes, n. maji/u ; j (tre e) (mti
mmoja wa Ulaya). AshWednesday,
(siku ya kwanza ya Lent}.

kwa | Ashamed (Be), v. ona haya, tahaya-

rika.

Ashore, adv. want, The ship has
gone ashore, chombo kimekwama
pwani, kimepanda pwani, kime-

pwelewa. He has gone ashore,
ameshuka.

Aside, adv. upande, kando; (in
private) faraghani. Go aside,

jttenga. Put aside, weka. Speak
aside, [sema kwa sauti ndogo tstyo-
sikika na wengt), nong ona, no-
ng onesa.

Asinine, a. -@ punda, kama Punda,
-pumbafu sana.

ASE

Ask, v. (request) faka, omba, sthi;
(question) #/i2a, uza. Ask after,
ulizia hails.

Askance, Askew, Aslant, adv. 4#-
pande, mshathali. Look askance
at, tazama kitongotongo.

Asleep (Be), v. /ala, sinzia.

Asp, n. mpaka mdogo wa sumu|.

Asparagus, n. | mboga ya Ulaya).

Aspect, n. (of persons) sura, umbo,
uso; (of things) ginst, namna, sura,
hali. Havea. .aspect, lekea, kabili.

Asperity, n. ukalt.

Asperse, V. singizia.

Aspersion, n. kusingisia, masingt-
200.

Aspirant, n. mwenyi kutaka [kite
bora, cheo),

Aspirate, n. (sauti ya H).

Aspiration, n. tamaa | ya kitu bora).

Aspire to, v. Zamani, taka |kitu
bora |.

Ass, n. punda. Make an ass of one-
self > Jipumbaza.

Assail, v. rukia, endea kwa jeuri,
shambulia, fanyia jeuri.

Assailant, n. miu wa kurukia, Sc.
(Zas, Assail).

Assassin, n. mwuaji | wa-) wa siri
[wa hela), nduli.

v.uakwa hila | vibaya).
Assault, v. kurukia, &c. (Tas. As-

—— n. kuendea, vita,

Assay, v. jaribia, hakikia.

Assemble, v. kusanya, ita pamoja,
kutanisha ; (neut.) kusanyika, ku
tana, -ja pamoja.

Assembly, Assemblage, n. jamti,
kusanyiko |(ma-), mkutano |mt-),
jamaa.

Assent, v. (give assent to) kubadi,
kiri, sema ndio, ttikia.

——n. kusema ndio, ukubali, usa-
hihi. Signify assent to, shia.
Assert, v. nena kwa nguvu, thubu-

tisha kwa maneno.

Assortion, n. meno (ma-| la nguvu,

kuthubutisha; (mere
assertion) neno tupu, neno.

Assess, v. amuru kodt, toza ushuru.

21

ASSUME

Assessment, n. kodi, ushuru, kua-
muru kodi.

Assessor, n. kathi mdogo, mshauri
(wa-).

Asseverate, v. 7az. Assert.

Asseveration, n. Zaz. Assertion.

Assiduity, n. utendaji, bidii ya kazi.

Assiduous (Be), a. shika kasi > “wa
-lendajt |-enyi bidii).

Assign, v. gawanyia, andikia, hesa-
bia, thant kuwa -a; (of work, &c.)
amrisha, pakisa.

Assimilate, v. fanya sawa | ya ginsi
ya kufaa), fananisha ; (food) -éa.
He could not assimilate it, (of food)
hatkumtulia tumboni; (of know-
ledge) Latkumwelea vema.

Assist, v. sayidia, auni.

Assistance, n. msaada; (united la-
bour) ujima.

Assistant, n. mfu wa kusayidia.

Assizes, n. (baraza ya kathi asu-
ngukapo mji kwa mji killa mwaka
Ingereza),

Associate, v. fia famosa, sharikisha,
unganisha. Associate with, sha-
rikiana na, fanya urafiki na, u-
ngana na, ongea na. A person to
associate with, mfu wa kuanda-
mana naye. Be associated with,
changamana na. | associate this
with my home, sskiona hit naku-
mbuka kwetu. 7 bi msh

n. mwenzi | wenzi |, rafiki, msha-
riki |wa-). 1

Association, n. kutia pamoja, &c. ;
(society) chama, usharika, shirika,
jamaa, kampani ; ; (meaning) maa-
na, ukumbusho. \t has many old
associations, i#atukumbusha ma-

mbo mengi ya kale. Form an as-
sociation (social, commercial, &c.),
Sanya bia, kula bia.

Assort, v. andika, gawanya, chagua,
tengeneza, ainisha.

Assortment, n. jamii,
nyingi.

Assuage, vy. tuliza, nyamazisha, pu
NEUSE.

Assume, v. /itilia, jifanya, jitwalia;

NAMNA

ASSUMING

(take for granted) (sadiki yasiyo
hakika, tumia [nena| neno list-
lothubutika kuwa kweli kama
lingalikuwa kweli), fanya, thant,
ona, shuku; (be proud) piga ma-
kuu, kujiona. You assumed I was
an ignoramus, umenifanya sijui
mambo.

Assuming, a. -enyt kiburi, -A maji-
vuno, -a kujiona.

—— conj. kama, mithali, bil me-
thals, ikiwa.

Assumption, n. waso [ma-], thana
tupu, neno |ma-) lisilo hakika
lisilothubutika (Tas. Assume);
(pride) majivuno, makuu. The
Assumption, kuchukuliwa mbi-
nguni Bikira Maryamu.

Assurance, n. (confidence) mafu-

. maini; (pride) kinaya, majivuno;
(guarantee) Ztamana, ushuhuda,
mathubutu, ahadi. Life assurance,

&c., bima.
Assure, v. thubutisha, hakikisha,
sadikisha; (guarantee) akidi,

yakimisha. | assure you it is so,
nasema kweli (hakika), naam,
ndivyo.

Asterisk, n. (alama kama nyota,
hivi *).

Astern, adv. shetrint, nyuma. Tow
astern, fungasa.

, N. pumu.

Astir, adv. To beastir, kuwa macho,
kutenda kazi, kushughulika.

Astonish, v. ajabisha, shangaza,
toshea,

Astonished (Be), v. Zoshewa, sha-
ngaa, taajabu, tundawaa.

Astonishing, a. -2 ajabu, -a kusha-
ngasa.

Astonishment, n. ajabu, ushanguo,
mataajabu.

Astound, v. 7az. Astonish.

Astounding, a. -a ajabu,-a kusha-
ngaza.

Astray, adv. Go astray, fofea, kosa.

Astride, adv. (mkao kama juu ya
frasi, kwa kupanua miguu |.

Astringent, a. (dawa ya kufunga
choo).

22

ATOM

Astrologer, n. mnajimu (| wa-|.

Astrology, n. unajimu, falaki.

Astronomer, n. mwenyi elimu ya
nyota.

Astronomical, a. -2 Astronomy.
Astronomy, n. ¢e/imu ya nyota,
falaki.
Astute, a. akili,

janja.
Asunder, adv. mbali, kwa vipande,
vipande vipande. Burst asunder,

rarua, pasua, vunja; (neut.) pa-
suka, Sc. (

Asylum, n. (refuge) kimbilio;
(house) (nyumba ya kukalisha
masikini ao wenyi wazimu).

At, prep. kwa, katika, -nt, pengi.
At once, marra, marra moja.
Not at all, styo kabisa, siyo hatta
kidogo. At any rate, tkiwa yo
yote, #weyo yote, kwa yo yote. At
him! mkamate! huyo, huyo! Be
at, go at, (attack) endea, rukia;
(engage in) fanya, -wamo katika.
What are you at? wafanyani ?
At length, (finally) hatima, ba-
adaye; (fully) Awa maneno mengi,
kwa wingi. - At last, mwisho,
hatima.

Ate, p. t. Bat.

Atheism, n. kusema ‘ Hakuna Mu-
ungu, ukani wa Muungu.

Atheist, n. asemaye ‘ Hakuna Mu-
ungu, mkana Muungu.

Atheistio, a. -2 Atheism.

Athlete, n. mshindani wa michezo,
mwenyi maungo, mshupavu.

Athletic, a. -a mashindano, -a Ath-
lete, hodari, -enyi nguvu.

Athletics, n. mashindano | ya kuja-
ribia nguvu), michezo.

Athwart, adv. kwa upande, kwa ku-
pinga, kwa kukingana.

Atlas, n. msahafu wenyi ramani.

Atmosphere, n. hewa, upepo; (upper
air) anga; (surroundings) 1/2-
mwengu.

Atmospheric, a. -4 Atmosphere.

Atoll, n. kisiwa cha matumbawt.

Atom, n. | kipande kidogo mno, haswa
kisichogawanyikana kwa kuwa ki-

“¢veuu, -enyi

ATONE

28

AUCTION

dogo sana |, chembe, nukia. Not an| Attendance, n. kungojea, &c.; ulu-

atom, sé hatta kidogo.

Atone (for), v. setirt, ipia; (by offer-
ing) toa kafara kwa ajili ya, fidia.

Atonement, n. malipo, malipizi,
urathi; (offering) kafara, fidia.
The Atonement, ufalanisho wa
Isa Masiya kwa kufa kwake.

Atrocious, a. -baya mno, -a kuchu-
kiza, -kuu.

Atrocity, n. jambo baya mno, ubaya

mwingi.

Attach, v. (fasten) fungia, unga,
Sunganisha, ambatisha ; Orel)
amuru, weka, tia; (engage, attract
gandamiza, ambatanisha, vuta. |
attach much importance to this,
mimi naona ina maana sana,
naithania ni kubwa.

Attached (Be), v. fungiwa, unga-
mana; (love) penda, gandama ;
(mutually) pendana, ambisana,
ambatana. Attached friend, mu-
hebbi.

Attachment, n. kufungia, &c. ; (love)
upendo, shauko, upendano, wambi-
so; (thing attached) kifungo, kitu
kilichofungiwa, kilichotiwa.

Attack, v. endea kwa nguvu, rukia,
shambulia, shindana na, leta vita;
(a subject) anzia, maliki; (of ill-
ness) shika, pata; (accuse) bisha,
shtaki, suta.

——n, kuendea kwa nguvu, shambu-
lio (ma-), vita; (of illness) kushi-
kwa, kupatwa na ugonjwa; (accu-
sation) mashitaka, masuto, maneno.

Attain, v. fata, fikia, maliza.

Attainment, n. kupata, &c. His at-
tainments are great, yuna maarifa
mengi, amelewa vizuri.

Attempt, v. jaribu, jitahidia; (try to
get) jaribu kutwaa (kupata, ku-
shinda). He attempted his life,
alijaribu kumua.

—— n. jaribu | ma-), bidii, shauri.

Attend, v. (be in attendance) ngojea,
fuatana na; (pay attention) anga-
lia, sikia, elekeza moyo; (as doctor)
alika; (as nurse) uguza. Attend

mishi, ungoje. Be in attendance
on, ngojea, fuatana na.

Attendant, n. mtumishi [wa-],
mfuasi [wa-].

— a. -a kungojea, -liofuatana.

Attention, n. #:dii, uangalifu, usi-
hist, maelekezo ya moyo. Pay, give
attention, angalia, sikiliza, fanya
kwa bidit. Stand at attention
(soldiers), fangana sawa sawa.
Attract attention, vuta macho, tasa-
misha wate.

Attentive, a. -asgalifu, -a bidii,
sikizi.

Attenuate, v. kondesha, punguza.

Attest, v. shuhudia, thubutisha.

Attestation, n. ushuhuda, hati ya
kushuhudia, mathubutu, usahihi-
sho.

Attic, n. Jrofa ya juu kabisa.

Attire, n. mavazi, nguo, vao | ma-|.

— v. vika.

Attitude, n. (posture) kikao, ginsi ya
kusimama; (condition) hali, ma-
mbo; (mental) shauri, nia, moyo.

Attorney, n. mwana sheria, mdai,
wakili.

Attract, v. vulfa, tazamisha, tama-
nisha.

Attraction, n. kipendezacho, mape-
ndezi ; (mechanical) nguvu ya ku-
vuta, uuutano, mvulo. Personal
attractions, uzuri, madaha, haiba.

Attractive, a.-a kupendeza, -a kuta-
mantsha, -a kuvuta, -surt,

Attributable to, a. /abuda kwa
sababu ya.

Attribute, v. rejesea, hesabia, tolea,
wekea, sema (ona, thant ) ndio saba-
bu. | attribute his illnessto the rain,
naona mvua ndio sababu ya ugo-
njwa wake. To be attributed to,
kuthaniwa kuwa ya | kwa, mali ya,
kwa sababu ya).

— n. ginsi, labia, sifa. He has
many fine attributes, Zabia yake
yuna mazuri mengi. It is its chief
attribute, #diyo yake haswa.

Auction, n. mnada. Sell by auction,

school, enda chuoni, soma, durusi.| nadi, lembeza,

AUCTIONEER

24

AVALANCHE

Auctioneer, n. madi [wa-], dalali. | Authority, n. uweso, amri, ngu-

Audacious, a. -7asirt, -kavu wa ma-
cho; (immoderate) -kuu, -a kupita
kiasi.

Audacity, n. jasiri, ukavu wa ma-
cho, ufithuli.

Audible (Be), v. sikilikana, sikiwa.

Audibly, adv. kwa ginsi ya kusi-
kika.

Audience, n. watu waliopo, wasikizi,
jamii ya watu wanaohuthuria, ja-
maa; (reception) baraza. Have
an audience (of), kwenda barazani
[Awa], barizi, amkia Lmtu mku-
bwa). Hold an audience, barizi,
Sanya baraza.

Auditor, n. msikizi [wa-]; (of ac-
counts) msahihishi | wa-|.

Au fait, a. -s0efu, hodari.

Auger, n. (chombo cha kutobolea).

Aught, n. yo yote.

Augment, v. zidisha, ongeza, kuza.

Augur, v. ona mbele, nena mbele,
bashiri, agua.

—— n. kahini (ma-|.

Augury, n. (omen) ndege; (token)
#shara.

August, a. -kuu, -a athama, tukufu.

—n. | jina la mwezi wa nane wa
mwaka kizungu).

Aunt, n. (umbu wa baba ao mama),
shangazi | ma-|.

Au revoir, kuaheri ya kuonana.

Auricular, a. -4 stkto, -a siri, -a
Jaraghani.

Auspices,n. msaada, hamaya, fathili.
Favourable auspices, ndege njema.

Auspicious, a. heri, -a ndege njema.

Austere, a. -gumu, "hak.

Austerity, n. ukals, uzito.

Authentic, a. halist, thabits, kweli.

Authenticate, v. thubutisha, shu-
hudta, fanya hakika, usahihi.

Authenticity, n. kweli, kakika,
kuwa halisi, usahihi.

Author, n. mbuni misahafu, mtunga
nyimbo, mfanya mashairi, mwa-
ndishi [wa-]; (beginning) asili,
muumba, mwanzo, $

Authoritative, a. -enyi nguvu (aa
kumu, 8:c.) (Zaz, Authority).

VU, mamlaka, hukumu; (officer)
mwenyi amri (hukumu, &c.),
serkali; (witness, evidence) sha-
hidi, mathubutu. He is an autho-
rity on this subject, mku mwenyi
maarifa, wa kusadikiwa juu ya
jambo hili, amefunguliwa heri.

Authorisation, n. misa, amiri,
thins, usahihi.

Authorise, v. (give leave) ruhusze,
-pa ruksa, toa ithint; (order)
amuru, fanya halali, halilisha,
sahihisha.

Authorship, n. kuwa Author;
ubungo, MWANZO.

Autocracy, n. enzi, mamlaka, hu-
kumu | ya mtu mmoja peke yake |.
Autocrat, n. (mwenyi uwezo peke
yake tu "tasifo mwenzi |); (despot)

mfalme mkuu.

Autocratic, a. -a ginsi ya Autocrat.

Autograph, n. | mwandiko wa mtu
mwenyewe); (signature) usakiki,
jina, mkono.

Automatic, a. -enyi mwendo wake,
-a kutenda kazi peke yake; -enyt
kujiendeza kwa Nguvu zake,
kubadili, Fuad) ama ya
(mechanical) d:4a akili,
kuona, kama kitu kisicho akili. \t
works automatically, Aujienda-

Automaton, n. kitu kilicho Auto-
matic. —

Autonomy, n. kujitawala |mji ao
taifa), uhuru.

Autumn, n. (wakati wa miezi Sept.,
Oct., Nov. kisungu, iliyo kama
masika).

Autumnal, a. -2 Autumn.

Auxiliary, a.-a husayidia, -a kuo-
ngeza nguvu, -a msaada.

— n mwenzi (wenzi), rafiki,
msaada.

Avail, v. faa, weza,

Available (Be), v. fumikana, pati-
kana, -wa layari.

Avalanche, n. | thu/uji nyingi tkite-
leza mbavuni mwa mlima, mabo-
romoko ya thuluji milimani).

AVARIOR

Avarice, n. tamaa ya mah, roho;
ubahili, choyo.

Avaricious, a. -4 kutamani mali, -a
choyo.

Avenge, v. /ipizia kisasi. .

Avenue, n. (njia yenyi mili pande
zote mbili, safu mbili za mili sawa
sawa; njia ya kuendea mji ao
nyumba).

Aver, v. nena, thubutisha,

Average, a. -4 kadiri, -a siku zote,
wastani, -a katikati.

Averse (Be), a. chukia, kataa. He is
averse to it, haitaki, haimpendezs.

Aversion, n. machukio.

Avert, v kinga, epua, zuia, geuzia
mbali, ambaza, pisha.

Aviary, n. (kijumba cha kuwekea
ndege |, kitundu.

Avidity, n. famaa, bidii, pupa. To
eat with avidity, kula kwa pupa.
Avocation, n. shughuli, kazi,

uchumi.

Avoid, v. epuka, epa, ambaa.

Avoidable (Be), v. epukika.

Avoidance, n. kuepuka; (annulling)
kulangua; (becoming vacant)
kufanyika -tupu pasipo mtu.

Avoirdupois weight, n. | kupima
kwa rati yenyi 7,000 grains}.

Avow, v. hirt, ungama.

Avowed, a. wazi, thahirt, baini.
He is an avowed thief, amejikiri
ni mwizi.

Await, v. ngoja, ngojea, lazamia,

Awake, v. (p. t.. Awoke, pf. t.
Awaked) amsha; (neut.) amka,
sinduka, sindukana, ondokea ust-

zt. He is awake, yu macho.

Award, n. hukumu, thawabu, tuzo,
sawadi.

— v. hukumia, toa thawabu, Sc.

Aware (Ke), v. jua, tambua. fahamu.

Away, adv. mbali; (with verbs, e. g.
work away, fire away, sing away,
Sc.) sana, mno, tu, ovyo. He is
away, Aako. He has gone away,
amekwenda sake. Make away with,
ondoa, tupa, poteza. Get away,
away with you! Zoka! ondoka! |
potelea mbali!

25

BABYISH

Awe, v. tisha.

n. hofu, uchaji, kicho; (rever-
ence) keshima, kicho.

Awe-struck, a. To be awe-struck,
kushikwa na hofu (uchaji, haya),
kutishika.

Awful, a. -a tisho, -a kustusha, -a
kuogofya, -a kicho.

A while, adv. muda kidogo, kitambo.

Awkward, a. (clumsy) -jinga, st
hodari, si -chefu ; (difficult) -enyz
matata (mashaka, hatari); (of
character) -2 kinyongo, -a kasirani.

Awl, n. (uma |ny- |) wa kutobolea|.

Awning, n. chamlalua.

Awoke, p.t. Awake.

Awry (Be), v. potoka, -wa upande,
-enda pego | mshethali|.

Axe, n. shoka (ma-|.

Axiom, n. (meno la hakika halisi,
lisilokanikana kabisa, linalokuba-
lika na wenyi akili wote).

Axiomatic, a. kama Axiom, ka-
kika hak's:.

Axis, n. (mli wa kati wa kitu
kizungukacho kama pia, msomari
wake wa kupenya, kipenyo}.

Axle, n. (ati ao chuma cha kati ya
magurudumu mawili |.

Ay, Aye, adv. naam, ndio; (always)
dayima, siku zote.

Ayah, n. yaya, mlezi | wa-|.

Asure, n. na a. rangi ya uwingu,
rangi ya samawats.

B.

Babble, v. (idle talk) payapaya, pa-
yuka, pusa, pusika; (of water) lia
(kama maji ya kijito).

—— 1. Maneno Ya UPUUZI, Vijineno,
mapayo.
Babbler, n.

mpust.

Babe, Baby, n. mfoto mchanga, ki-
toto kichanga, malatka.

Babel, n. Babel; (confusion) ma-
chufuko, makelele, uthia.

Baboon, n. (nyani mkubwa).

Babyhood, n. uchanga [wa mtoto}.

Babyish, a. -a kitoto kichanga.

mwenyi kupayuka,

BACHELOR

Bachelor, n. (mwanamume asiyeoa
ado; mtu aliyehitimu katika
University atapewa daraja hapo|.

Bacillus, n. |kadudu kadogo mno|.

Back, n. mgongo (mi-), maungo ;
(part behind) upande wa | kipande

nyuma, wa juu, wa nje. Back
of the "neck, kikosi, kishogo. Be on
one's back (ill), lala, -wa -gonjwa;
(as burden) /emea. Lie on the
back, Jala chali, lala kwa tant.
Set the back up, chukisa, ta chuki,
kasirisha. Break the back of, ha-
ribu maliza, karibu shinda. Turn
the back on, acha, tupa, -pa.mgongo
-pa kishogo. Back, backbone, af uli
wa maungo. To "the backbone,
kabisa, haswa halist. Back to back,
mgongo kwa mgongo.

adv. nyuma, kinyume, katika
hali ya kwanza, kama kwanza,
kuko huko. Some time back, za-
mani kidogo. Six years back,
ta miaka sita. Give back,
tum back, rudisha, rejeza. Go

' back, rudi, rejea.

v. (help) sayidta ; (go back)
kinyume; (bet on) wekea
masharti; (force back) rudisha,
sogeza nyuma.

Backbite, v. singista, chongea, cho-
ngeleza, sengenya.

Backbone, n. uti [nyute] wa mau-
ngo, mgongo [mi-]; (strength)
uthabiti, nguvu, ugumu. He has
no backbone, mkulifu huyo, mwe-
pest kushindwa.

Backward, Backwards, adv. nyu-
ma, kinyume, -dufu

—— a. -a nyuma, -a kuchelewa;
(dull) -ssto wa akili, si -elehkefu;
(not advanced) -jinga, -shenst.

Backwardness, n. ssifo, kuwa
Backward.
Bacon, n. nyama ya Nguruwe | mgo-

ngont |.
Bad, a. -baya, -ovu, -bovu, -a shari,
-2 kuthuru,-a kuumisa,-a kuchu-
kisa, -a hasara, -a ovyo, -a taka,
hafifu, -nyonge. He is bad (sick),
hawezi. An utterly bad man, baa

26

BALANOE

[ma-|, mwenyi thambi tupu. It is
too bad, sikubali, sitakt, haifai ka-
bisa. To the bad, denz, hasara.
Bad debts, deni sisizolipwa. Go to
the bad, potea, potelea mbali. Go
bad, oza, haribika, via. Be in a
bad humour, deka.

Baddish, a. -baya kidogo, thaifu.

Bade, Bad, p.t. Bid.

Badge, n. a/ama, dalili; (medal) rz2-
shani.

Badger, v. sumbua, chokoza.

n. Layama wa "Ulaya, afukuaye
chini).

, ) Badly, adv. vibaya; (seriously) sana.

Badness, n. ubaya, uovu, Sc. (Taz.
Bad).
Baflle, v. shinda kwa hila, suia kwa
wereve, fue | mele ) fu
Bag, n. mfuko (mz-]; (large) fuko
[ma-]; (small) £ifuko(vi- |; (vari-
ous kinds) mkoba, kibogoshi, sunita,
kigunni, kifumbo, kanda, kapo,
&c.; (for books, clothing, &c.)
bahasha, kitumba; (for sleeping in)
fumba (ma-).

v. pata | mawindo|.

Bagatelle, n. (mchezo wa kugongu-
nisha tufe sa pembe juu ya meza|,

Baggage, n. vyombo, mizigo.

Baggage-room, n. (in dhow) feuti.

Baggy, a. kama mkoba, -liolegea.

Bail, n. mthamini, lasima. Go bail
for, thamint, lastmu.

—— v. thamint, tadaruki, diriki,

Bailiff, n. wakili | ma-), msimamizi

[wa-}.

Bait, n. chambo [vy

——v. (put bait) Zaa chambo; (worry)
chokoza, sumbua ; (feed) lisha
[ punda, frasi) njiani.

Bake, v. oka, choma ; (pottery, &c.)
chomea.

Baker, n. mwokaji | wa-|).

Bakery ,Baking-place, n.joko[ma- |.
Balance, n. (weighing machine), #22-
sani; (equilibrium) sawa sawa ;
settlement of accounts) s#rarz;
remainder) baki (ma-), sazo | ma-).

lance of power, kuogopana ma-
tatfa, Be in the balance, -wa hu-

BALANCH

kumuni ([kattha kuhukumiwa,
mashaka, hatari).

27

BANTER

(fruit), fana (ma-). Fruit-stalk of
bananas, mkungu |(mi- |).

Balance, v. (be in eguilibrium) -wa | Band, n. kitu cha kufungia, kifungo,

sawa sawa | kama vitanga vya mi-
zani); (consider) fikiri; (make
equal) sawasisha; (compare) /inga-
isha; (make up accounts, strike a
balance) jumlisha hesabu, fanya
urari wa hesabu, katiana ; (waver)
sifa,

Balcony, n. mshani.

Bald, a. -a paa [la kitwa), -enyi
upaa; (bare) -tupu, -stotengeneswa,
btlla usuri, thatfu.

Baldness, n. upaa; hali ya kuwa
Bald; (of speech, &c.) sthatfu,
"chache. A shaved or bald place
on the head, kipaa.

Bale, n. mtumba (mz2-}.

—— v. vuta, teka, kumba (mai).

Balefal, a. -a mathara, -baya.

Balk, v. shinda, suta, pingia njia,
katiza shauri,

—n. (of wood) boriti kubwa, gogo
[mea-]; (hindrance) suio (ma-),
mgogoro |mi- |,

Ball, n. tufe, mpira (mi-); (round
lump) donge[ma-]; (dancing party)
ngoma ya watu wengi; (bullet)
lisasi, popoo.

Ballad, n. uimbo |ny-) wa hadithi,
utenzi.

Ballast, n. farumi. He has no bal-
last, hana uthabiti.

Ballet, n. 2goma,

Balloon, n. | mfuko urukao juu, we-
nyi kupandishwa juu juu na hewa
iliyo ndani yake).

Ballot, n. chaguo la siri | kwa kuweka
kibarua sandukuni| (Taz. Vote).

—— v. chagua kwa Ballot.

Balm,n. kitulizo, faraja. .

Balmy,a.-a kunukia,-akuburudisha,

Balustrade, n. viguzo.

Bamboo, n. mwanzi [ mi-).

Bamboosle, v. susua, danganya,
bembeleza, pumbasa.

Ban, n. Jaana.

—— v. harimisha, laani.

Banana, n. (plant) mgomba [mi-},
(fruit) mdizi. Bunch of bananas

utepe (tepe), ukanda (kanda);
(company) kundi, chama, jamaa,
kikosi ; (musicians) jamii ya wapi-
gaji ngoma, matarumpeta ; (stripe)
mstari (mi-), mfuo (mi: ), sarfu.

—— v. Band together, fanya kundi.

Bandage, n. ufambaa, kitambaa | vi-|.

Bandit, n. mnyanganyi |wa-)|, ha-
ramtia, mtoro | wa-|).

Bandy, v. béshana.

Bandy-legged, a. -enyi matege,cheye.

Bane, n. mathara, hasara, teso.

Baneful, a. -daya, -a kuthurs.

Bang, n. shindo [ma-], mshindo
[i-], mgoto (mi-|); (drug) bangi.

— v. pigisha (neut. piga) mshindo,
liza; (beat) paga, chapa.

Bangles, n. banagili.

Banish, v. hamisha,fukusa, ondosha.

Banishment, 0. whkamisho, hali ya
kuhamishwa, fukuso.

Banjo, n. zezé.

Bank, n. fungu [ma-), kisugulu
(zi-J; (of a river, &c.) wkingo; (for
money) nyumba ya Banker, waba-
dili fetha, banki; (of oars) safe.
Opposite bank, mgambo. Along
the bank, kando.

v. fanya kazi ya Banker, weka
fetha kwa Banker; (heap up)
fanya fungu; (of fires) funika

(moto ustwake sana).

Banker, n. afunzaye fetha za wafu,
mvunja fetha, mbadili fetha.

Banking, n. kufanya kazi ya Bank-
er, &c. (7az. Bank, v.).

Bank-note, n. hats ya kulipia fetha,
barua ya fetha, awala.

Bankrupt (Be), v. filisika.

Bankruptoy, n. afilisi.

Banner, n. bendera.

Banns, n. (mbiu ya ndoa, mlangazo
wa habari ya kutaka kuoana watu
fullani).

Banguet, n. karamu kuu.

Bantam, n. kuku mdogo.

Banter, v. dishana na, fanyia msaha
abishi), cheka.

BANYAN

Banyan, n. (tree) mtini wa kihindi;
(in Zanzibar) [ mtu wa Hinds asiye
Mwislamu |), Baniani | Ma: |.

Baobab, n. mbuyu |mi-).

Baptism, n. | kumfanya mtu Mmasi-
hiya kwa kumchovya majini ao
kummiminia maji), “ ubatiso,’

Baptist, n. (asiyefanya Baptism
kwa wateto, illa watu wazima
tu).

Baptistery, n. (mahali pa kufanyia
Baptism kanisani).

Baptize, v. fanya | fanyia) Bap-
tism, ‘ datiza.’

Bar, n. (kipande kirefu cha mti,
chuma, cho chote); (of wood) mti,
nguzo, kipande, ufito; (for doar)
kipingwa, pingo; (small) komeo,
kiwi; (of iron) kipande, ufito wa
chuma, upao wa chuma; (of gold,
silver, &c.) mkuofmi-J; (ofcolour,
stripe) mfuo [ms-]; (obstruction)
kinga, kieutso, mgogoro |mi- |); (of
river, harbour, £c.) fungu la mcha-
nga, mwamba, kizingiti, mawimbi
[pa kutokea mlo); (place of judge-
ment) darasa ya kathi, pa kuhu-
kumia wafu; (lawyers) | jamés y
waana sheria wote ao wadas|;
(drinking) pa kuusa mvinyo ao
pombe &c. dukani). Prisoner at
the bar, mfungwa mbele ya kath.
Go to the bar, jstia katika kasi ya
mwana sheria.

v. (obstruct) ingia njia, sia ;
(door) fa kiwi, khomea.

Barb, n. mwiba [mé-), jino [meno]
la mshale, &c.

Barbarian, a. (na n.) -shenzi.

Barbaric, a. = Barbarous.

Barbariam, n. ushenst, hali ya ki-
shenzs, desturi za kishenzi; (in
language) seno kosefu, si sahihi.

Barbarity, n. ukali, ukorofi.

Barbarous, a. -a@ kishenzi; (cruel)

kali, -kovofi.

Barbed, a. -enyt Barb.

Barber, n. kinyozi,

Bard, n. mtunga [wa-] mashairi,
mshairi [wa-).

Bare, a. wazi, -tupu, pasipo kitu,

28

BARREN

Peke yake. A bare spot, peupe. A
bare hundred, mza tu.

Bare, v. toa wast, funua. He bared
his head, a/ivua kofia.

—— p. t. Bear, v.

Barefaced, a. pasi~o haya, -tupu,
wast, A barefaced beggar, mpu-
jufu. <A barefaced liar, mwongo
mtupu.

Bareheaded, a. kifwa wazi.

Barely, adv. shidda, tu, yapata,
karibu.

Bareness, n. (halt ya kuwa Bare |
kuwa -lupu, uwazi, weupe.

Bargain, n. maafikano, mwafaka, bei,
mapatano. It is a bargain, rahisi,
Jayida. Into the bargain, sayia:,
juu, fayida, Makea bargain (con-
tract), piga mkataa.

—— v. pigana bei, patana.

Bargaining,n. sbasasi, kupigana bei.

Barge, n. mashua kubwa.

Bark, n. (of sound) kilio (kama cha
mbwa); (of a tree, hard) gome
(ma-), (soft) ganda; (ship) | jatasi
la milingote miwili U nussu);
chombo.

—v. ha kama mbwa;
bark) ambua gome.

Barley, n. shairi.

Barmaid, n. kijakazi [vi-, dukani
mwa pombe |.

Barn, n. ghala ya nafaka.

Barometer, n. [Attu cha kupimia

(remove

uzito wa hewa, ndio kujua re
ya mvua na upepo).

Baron, n. | jina la heshima ya mtu
wa cheo chini yake Hari}.

Baronet, n. (yina la heshima ya
Baron mdogo).

Barque, n. | jahazi la milingote mi-
wiliunussu)j. ,

Barrack, n. nyumba ya asikari.

Barrel, n. (chombo cha mviringo),
pipa | ma-); (of gun) kasiba, mwa-
nsi |mi-|), mdomo [mi-]. Single-
barrelled, -a mdomo mmoja.
Double-barrelled, -@ midomo mi-
wilt.

Barren, a. fassa, -gumba, si -sast;
(of land) kame, jangwa ; (unprofit-

BARRICADE

able) -a burre, pasipo fayida,
“kupu.

Barricade, n. Goma | ma-|.

Barrier, n. kisuio |(vi-|, mgogoro
(mi-), boma | ma-|, kinga.

Barrister, n. mwana sheria, mdai.

Barrow, n. gari (dogo la gurudumu
moja); (mound) kisugulu |vi-),
kilima ae).

Barter, v. badilisha [mali ao bithaa
pasipo fetha), badslishana.

— n. kubadilisha mali.

Base, a. -baya, -nyonge, thaifu.

Basis, n. upande wa chini,
sehemu ya chini, msinjt, tako;
(beginning. principle) chanzo, chi-
mbuko, asili.

Basement, n. drofa ya chini.

Baseness, n. ubaya, anne

Bashfal, a. -eny: ha

Basin, n. ood
tasa, kitasa ;
bonde.

of metal, brass)
) guds ; (valley)

Basis, n. = Base, n.

Bask, vy. ofa jua, "jiotea jua (moto);
(enjoy oneself) jifurahisha, jinyo-
sha.

Basket, n. (of grass, reeds, &c.)
[vi-]; (large) kapo [ma-];
erent kinds) pakacha, tunga,
Chane Jemanda.
Bass, n. sauti nene; (samaki).
—— a. -a sanii nene.
Bastard,n. mwana wa haramu; (son
of concubine) suriyama.
Bastinade, v. piga ny ayort | pa miguu
kwa bakora, piga fimbo miguuni.
Bastion, n. boma (ma-| la ngome.
Bat, n. [Aidan cha kuchezea, kama

bap (animal) Aa ki; A
ood bat, mfu hodari chesa
Gricket.

Batoh, n. fungu | ma-), jamii, kundi
[ma-

Bath, 1 n. birika ya kuogea, chakuogea ;
(bathing) kiogeo, josho; (dipping)
mchovyo. Vapour-bath, mafusho,
mafukizo. Public baths, kamami.

Bathe, v. vga, agesha, chovya, tia
maji [ao yo yote kama maji|, osha.

Bathos, n. (maneno ya kuchekwa

29

BEAM
sana, kwani thaifu sana kuliko ya
kwa

nza).

Battalion, n. kikosi |vi-) cha asikari.

Batten, v. nona, nenepa; (fasten)
kasa | kwa vipande vya mts).

n. kipande cha mti.

Batter, v. gongagonga.

Battering-ram, n. (gogo la kuvu:
njia boma vitani).

Battery, n. Jamii ya misinga,

Battle, n. vifa, mapigano.

—— vy. pigana, shindana.

Battle-fleld, n. pa kupigania, pali-
pokuwa vita,

Battlement,n. menomeno| ya ukuta).

Bauble, n. £ipust, takataka,

Bawl, v. piga kelele, lia, guta.

Bay, n. ghubba; (tree) (mti wa
Ulaya); (baying) mlio wa mbwa
mkubwa; (horse) frasi mwekundu.
Keep at bay, simamisha | adui),
zuia, kinga. Stand at bay, simama,
piganishwa. Bay window, dirisha
la kutokesa [kama roshani).

a. [rangi nyekundu kidogo)|.

Bay, v. 2a | kama mbwa mkubwa|.

Bayonet, n. upanga wa bunduki.

—— v. choma kwa Bayonet.

Bazaar, n. fenyi maduka, soko, duka.

Be, v.-wa. 'Vo be loved, kupendwa.
Be loved, -fendw-. Tobe or not to
be, kuwa ama kutokuwa. Be guiet!
uwe rathi, tulia! Let be, acha.
Be it so, let it be so, njema, bassi.

Beach, n. pwani, ufuko.

—-V. ' pandisha pwani, pwelesa,

Beacon, n. | moto mkubwa wa kuonya
hatari ao furaha); onyo.

Bead, n. ushanga ; (drop) tone | ma- |).
Beads (rosary), ¢as6shz, Cluster or
string of beads, shada ya ushanga,
timba la ushanga. Belt of beads
(woman's), dondaus ; (circlet) #fu-
n

Beak, n. mdomo | wa ndege).

Beam, n. boriti kubwa iliyochongwa,
mit (mi-|; mhimili im mi-); (ray)
mwangaza wa nuru | kama kishale
cha moto), kiangasa, kianga, kiali;
(breadth) upana wa jahasi. Lay
on beams’ ends, /aza, inika.

BEAM

Beam, v. angaza; (smile) kunjua
uso, chekelea.

Beaming, a. -angafu; (smiling)
-kunjufu. A beaming face, kianga
cha uso.

Bean, n. (mbegu kama kunde, cho-
roko, fiwe, &c.}.

Bear, v. (p.t. Bore, Bare, pf. t.
Borne, [zaa] Born), (carry) chu-
kua; (endure) vumilta, stakimils ;
(produce) zaa. Bear up, slahimili,
jipa moyo. Bear with, chukultana
na, Stahimilt, limbika, subiri.
Bear in mind, kumbuka. Bear a
hand, sayidia. Bear a likeness to,
fanana na. Beara grudge against,
onea chuki. Bear on (press on),
songa, elemea; (rest on) tegemea;
(concer) pasa, fungamana na, wa
na habari ya; (be directed to)
lekeana na. Bring to bear, foa,
tumia, lekeza. Bear out, shuhudia,
thubutisha (maneno ya). Bear
with me, niwie rath.

— n. dubu. Bear-garden, fujo,
machafuko, makelele, uthia,

Bearable, a. -a kuchukulika.

Beard, n. ndevu. Long, bushy
beard, madevu.

—— v. piganisha, endea pasipo hofu,
Jastria, tolea ujuvi.

Bearer, n. mchukuzi (wa-), mpagast
[wa-], kamali [ma-}.

Bearing, n. (carrying) kuchukua,
uchukuzi; (prop) tegemeo; (ap-
pearance) #mbo, sura; aa
saburi, uvumilivu; (production
uzazi ; (meaning) maana; (posi-
tion, condition) mahali, hah, kikao.
Take bearings, haktkia mahali.

Beast, n. mnyama [wa-], nyama;
mtu mchafu, mkoo.

Beastly, a. -chafu, -baya.

Beat, v. (p. t. Beat, pf. t. Beaten)
(strike) piga, gonga, chapa; (with
hammer, &c.) fua; (surpass) sh#-
nda, pila; (throb) Zetema, papa;
(of a ship) #isha; (of hunting)
tafuta mawindo, Be beaten by
waves, &c., fuawa. Beat down
(price), punguza bet ; (obstruction)

30

BEDRIDDEN

bomosha. Beat in, vunja, ponda.
Beat hollow, shinda sana. Beat
off, or back, fukuza, shinda. Beat
time (kadirisha kwa kifimbo,
mkono, &c. |), gota; (regularly) gota-
gota; (quickly) gogota. Beat up,
tafuta. Beat about the bush, sz¢a-
sila, tangatanga. Beat the air,
shindana burre. Beat out (a
question), hakiki, hojithojt. Be
ead beat, choka sana, shind:

Beat, p. t. Beat.

n. pigo [ma-], shindo (ma-];
(station) mahali palipoamriwa,
kingojo.

Beaten, pf. t. Beat.

Beatitude, n. kali ya heri. The
Beatitudes, sifa sa heri [hatika
anjili).

Beauteous, Beautiful, a. -zuri.

Beautify, v. fanya uzuri, pamba.

Beauty, n. uzuri, urembo. A
beauty, kisuri, haiba, mtu mzuri.

Beaver, n. (nyama mdogo).

Becalmed (Be), v. sngia shwari.

Became, p. t. Become.

Because, conj. kwa sababu, kwani.

Beckon, v. pungsa mkono, ashiria.

Become, v. (p. t. Became, pf. t. Be-
come) fata kuwa, ingia kuwa,
geuka,-wa; (suit) faa, fanya uzuri,
stahtli, -wa wajibu. That dress be-
comes you, ngua hiyo tnakuchukua.
It became a tree, aligeuka mti.

Becoming, a. -surt,-a kufaa, wajibu,
-a kustahili.

Bed, Bedstead, n. kitanda, malailo.
Bed of sand, mahal: penyi mchanga,
fungu la mchanga. Bed of river,
mlo, bonde ja milo, mto mkavu,
papttapo mto, chini ya mlo, chini,
Bed (of potatoes, Src.), kufa (ma-).
Goto bed, enda kulala, lala. Make
a bed, Zandika. Bed-chamber,
chumba cha kulala.

Bedclothes, Bedding, n. mafandiko
[ya kitanda), malalo |mikeka,
nguo, majant |. .

Bedew, v. tia umande, tia maji.

Bedridden, a. | aliyelala asiweze ku-
simama tena), -gonjwa sana, -weli.

BEDSTEAD

Bedstead, n. (common een,
kitanda [vi-}; (with turned legs
uliri ; (European) samadari.

Bee, n. nyuki.

Beech, n. (mti wa Ulaya).

Beef, n. nyama ya ng ombe.

Beehive, n. msinga | mi- | wa nyuki.

Been, pf.t.Be. I have been, nime-
kuwa ; (gone) nimefika, nimekwt-
sha kwenda. 1 have been loved,
nimependwa.

Beer, n. pombe; (sweet, unfermented)
Togwa.

Beetle, n. (kidudu chenyi mabawa
na kutambaa, kama mende).

Befall, v. (p. t. Befell, pf. t. Be-
fallen) pata, tukia, angukia.

Befit, v. stahili, faa, pasa.

Befitting, a. wajibu, -2urt, -ema.

Before, adv. za prep. kabla | ya,
prep. of time], mbele | ya), zayidi
L ya), zamani, kwanza. Before he

ies, asijekufa, mbele ya kufa,
kabla hajafa bado. Go before, be
beforehand, enda mbele, tangulia,
-wa tayari, -wa kwanza.

Beforehand, adv. mbele, kwanza.

Befriend, v. fathili, sayidia, fanyia
urafiki, tendea mazuri, karibisha.

Beg, v. omba, sthi, taka. Beg the

uestion, kafa maneno vibaya. Beg
or pardon, /alama. Beg pardon
(apologize), taka raths. I beg
your pardon, sir, Ausrathi, bwana.
I beg you, tafathak. Go begging,
st pata mnunuzi, si tumika, tha-
vaukwa.

Began, p. t. Begin.

Beget, v. (p. t. Begot, pf. t. Be-
gotten) saa | kiume;; (cause) fa-
nya, toa.

Boggar,n. mwombajt(wa-|, maskini,
mkata, fukara. Be made (become)
a beggar, be beggared, fukarika,
kombeka mali, pangusika mali,

Jilisika.

— v. fukarisha, filisisha. It beg-
gars description, Aa:west kuelezwa,

t.

Beggarly, a. -a maskini, -nyonge,

“baya.

81

BEING

Beggary, n. umaskini, ufukara,
ukata, hohe hahe.

Begging, n. maombi, uombaji, ku-
omba, kulalama.

Begin, v. (p.t. Began, pf. t. Begun)
anza, ingia; (a work) maliki,
shika; (start) ansisha.

Beginner, n, mwanafunzi, mjinga,
mwenyi kuanza.

Beginning, n. mwanzo, awali, asili,
chanzo. At the beginning of the
year (month), mwaka |mwezt)
uli ma. ;

Begone, int. ondokea mbali ! ondoka !

Begot, p. t. Beget.

Begotten, pf. t. Beget. .

Beguile, v. danganya, vula kwa
werevu, punja, kalamkia, sha-
weshe.

Begun, pf. t. Begin.

Behalf, On behalf of, prep. kwa
ajili ya, kwa sababu ya, mahali

pa.

Behave, v. Zenda, enenda, fanya
kazi, jiweka.

Behaviour, n. mwenendo. Good
behaviour, adabu, adili, kutenda .
wema. During his good behaviour,
wakali ajtwekapo wema. Bad be-
haviour, kufenda vibaya, kukosa

> upotofu.

Behead, v. kata kitwa. ;

Beheld, p. t. za pf. t. Behold.

Behest, n. amri, 42130.

Behind, adv. (ma prep.) nyuma
' yaj; (of time) baada [ ya}; (in-

erior) chin£ | ya}; (on further side)

mbele | ya). Remain behind, dahz,
saléa. Be behindhand, chelewa,
kawia; (backward) Zittwa, shi-
ndwa.

Behold, v. ona, tazama, angalia.
Lo, behold ! kumbe, tahamaki !
Beholden to (Be), v. wiwa na, onta

shukrani.

Behove, v. It behoves us, yatupasa,
tumepaswa.

Being, n.( 7as. Brist)kuwa; (nature)
asili, hali; (creature) kiumbe, kitu
kizima ; (thing existing) -enyi ku-
wa. Human being, dinadamu.

BEING

Being, v. (participle ya verb kuwa).
It being, ikiwa. I being, nikiwa,
&c.

Belabour, v. piga sana, chapa,
menya, gonga. -,

Belch, v. ungulia, kokomoka.

Beleaguer, v. vizia, otea (Taz. Be-
siege).

Belfry, n. (mnara ao chumba mna-
rant chenyi kengele).

Belie, v. ss staksh, onya uwongo,
umbua, singima. It belies his
character, ss kwa tabia yake,
haimstahtli, si wajibu.

Belief, n. zmans; (idea) thana, wazo;
(creed) kanuni ya imani, (Mahom-
medan) shahada. It is my belief,
naona mimi.

Believe, v. amini, sadiki, sadikisha;
(think) ona, thané; (expect) zu-
maint,

Believer, n. mwenyi imani, mwenyt
kusadiki.

Bell, n. kengele; (small, ornamental)
njuga.

Belle, n. mwanamke mzuri.

Bellicose, a. -a2 kutaka vita, -kak.

' Belligerent, n. mfanya vita.

Bellow, v. 4a kama ng'ombe, ngu-
ruma, vuma.

Bellowing, Bellow, n. wami,
kivumt kama cha ngombe, ngu-
run,

Bellows, n, mifuo, mivukuto.

Belly, n. tuméo (ma-).

Belong to, v. wa mali ya, -wa mtu
wa, -wa kitu cha, -wa kasi ya, -wa
haki ya, -wa chini ya, -wa sehemu
ya, pasa, It belongs to me, 42: 24

yangu.

Beloved, a. -fenst, -pendwa; (in
letters) muhebhi.

Below, adv, sa prep. chini | ya}.
Be below (unworthy of), st stahili,
Here below, hapa duniani.

Belt, n. mshipi (mi-); (of beads)
kondavi; (strap) ukanda. A belt
of trees, miti safu, mitt moja bwa
moja.

Bemoan, v. ilia, sikitikia.

Bench, n. msza ya kukalia, kiti [vs-];

82

BERTH

(of stone) 4 ; (judge’s) kifi
cha katht; (judges) makatht.
Bend, n, pindi [ma-}, kombo, kigo-
sho; (windings of a stream, &c.)
magubba, mizengo.
— v.(p.t. na pf. t. Bent) senda,
kunja ; (neut.) pindika, nepa, kun-

jtka; (make a ring of) peta,
peteza, petemanisha; (subdue)
tuisha; (tum) geuka; (stoop)
inama ; (direct) elekesa.
Beneath, adv. ma prep. chini
Lya),

Benediction, n. mbaraka | mi-), ba-
raka, kutabaruku.

Benefaction, n. sadaka, fathih.

Benefactor, n. mfathit (wa-),
mlenda mema.

Benefice, n. (kasi ya kasisi mahali
fullani yenyi uchumi)|.

Beneficence, n. ukarimu, upaji,
wema,

Beneficent, a. -enyi Beneficence.

Beneficial, 3. -a kufaa.

Benefit, n. fatkils, fayida, chumo.

Benevolenoe, n. «fat, ukarimu,
wema.

Benevolent, n. -fajt, -karimu.

Benighted, a. -jinga, -shenzi, -stojua
mambo

Benign, Benignant, a. -ema, -a
sipole, -anana,

Bent, a. -lopindtha, -enyt kombo
(7as. Bend); (with age, &c.)
kibiongo [wi-\. bent on, zaka
sana, tamani. Be easily bent,
pindtha, pindamana, petemana.

— p. t. #a pf. t. Bend.

—— n. fabia | ya mtu), moyo.

Benumbed, a, ganzi.

Bequeath, v, rtthisha, wosia, achia.

Bequest, n. ursthi.

Bereave, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Bereft)
twalia, tolea,

Bereaved (Be), v. fwaliwa, ishiwa ;
(by death) fiwa.

Bereavement, n. kufiwa,

Bereft, p. t. #a pf. t. Bereave.
Berry, n. (unda dogo lo lote kama
Jorsadi ao fuu); (of coffee) buni.
Berth, n. [fa kulala merikebunt |,

BESEECH

kijumba; (lodging) kao. Give a
wide berth to, epuka na.

Beseech, v.(p.t.#a pf. t. Besought)
siki, Sana.

Beseom, v. faa, stahili, -wa cheo cha,

Besat, v. (p.t. za pf.t. Beset) visia,
sunguka, songa.

Besetting, a. -a kusonga siku sote,
-a kuvizia, Sc. (Taz, Beset).

Beside, prep. (by side of) kando ya,

vuni pa; (over and above)
zayidi ya, juu ya. He is i
himself, amerukwa na akili. That
is beside the question, mbali hiyo,
ngine, haimo.

Besides, adv. xa prep. Zena, zayidi
Lya), juu | ya).

iege, v. Ausuru, zunguka mji
vitani, fanya mazingiwa, singiza,

Besom, n. | ufagio mkubwa|.

Besought, p. t. na pf. t. Beseech.

Bespeak, v. (p. t. Bespoke, pf. t.
Bespoken) Zaka mbele, agisia
mbele ; (indicate) onya,

Best, a. afuthali, bora, -cma sana,
-suri kupita yote. Best man, rafiki
wa bwana harusi.

—— n, kipeo, iliyo njema sana. Do
your best, fanya vema uwezavyo,
Jitahidi,
shindwa na, shukuria. Make the
best of one’s way, enda upesi iwe-
zavyo. Have the best of, shinda.
At best, Awa vyouyote. For the
best, afathalz. The best of it is
that, ndiyo njema ya kwamba. To
the best of my memory, niwezavyo
kufahamu.

Best, adv. wema sana, haks?.

Bestial, a. kama nyama, kinyama ;
(filthy) -chafu.

Bestir, v. amsha, endesha, harakisha.

Bestow, v. (place) weka; (apply)
tumia ; (give) toa, -pa.

Bestraddie, Bestride, v. (p. t. Be-
strode, pf. t. Bestridden) (kaa
kama juu ya frasi kwa kupanua
miguu |, jipachika kwa.

Bet,v.(p. t. na pf.t. Bet) sitndanta,
Pinga, weka sharti ; (affirm by a
bet) Piga masharti kama; (engage

33

Make the best of, si|

| Betting,

BEWILDER

in betting) wekeana mashariti,
shurutishana, -

Bet, n. sharti [ma-]. Make a bet,
Lay a bet, = Bet, v.

Betake (oneself to), v. (p.t. Betook,
pf. t. Betaken) , legemea,
kimbsihia,

Betel, n. (leaf) Zambuu ; (plant)
miambuu, .

— nut, fopoo [ma-]; (prepared
for chewing) masiku. (Preps

beside | Bethink, v. (p. t. sa pf. t. Bo-

thought) fikiri, kumbuka.

Betide, v., tukia, pata,

Betimes, adv. mapema.

Betoken, v. onya. ;

Betook, p. t. Betake.

Betray, v. khaini, danganya, toa,
salimu kwa hila, tega; (indicate)
onya, ththirisha, toa wast, funua ;
(abandon) acha, tupa,

Betrayal, n. kukhaini, hila (Taz.
Betray).

Betroth, v. oza, akidia kuwa mke,
funga mikaha.

Betrothal, n, mikaka, sharti ya ndoa.

Better, a. zayidi, bora, afathai:,
Better than, saytdt ya, bora kuliko,
afathali kama, kupita, kushinda.
Be better, pita, shinda ; (in health)
-wahajambo, pona, Youhad better
go, @fathals uende. To think better
of it, kugeuza shauri, Get the
better of, shimda, ghakbu, Be
better off, -wa halt njema zayidi;
(richer) -wa na mali zayidi. To
get better, kupona, kupata hajambo.

n. kuwekeana masharti
(Taz, Bet).

Between, Betwixt, adv. na prep.
katikati (ya), beina [ya], kati

aj.

Beeage, n. kinywaji | vi-), cha ku-

nywa.
Bevy, n. kundi |ma-, la ndege, la
waanake).
Bewail, v. Alta, pigia maombolezo.
Beware, v. angalia, fanya hathari,
<wa na hathari, jihalharit.
Bewilder, v. fathaisha, shangaza,
suzua, tia matata,
D

BEWILDERMENT

Bewilderment, n. bumbuazi, fathaa,
mshangao.

Bewitch, v. fanyia uchawi, loga,
poteza akili, pagaa, zungusha kitwa,

Bewitching, a. -zuri mno (hatta
kupoteza akili |.

Beyond, adv. za prep. mhele ya),
ng'ambo ya pili | ya ), zaidi | ya |, ku-
pita, Itisbeyond me, tmenzshinda,

Bhang, n. bangi.

Bias, n. upendeleo, moyo wa kuelekea,
- hukumusi sawa. Have a bias to-
wards, tnamia, elekea, pendelea,

Biassed, a. -enyt Bias.

Bible, n. (msahafu mtakatifu wa

Wamasthiya|, Maandiko Mata-

katifu. '

Bibliography,n. limu ya misahafu.

Biceps, n. chafu la mkono.

Bicker, v. bishana, kosana, gombana.

Bid, v. (p.t. Bad, Bade, Bid, pf. t.
Bidden, Bid) amuru, agiza, am-
bia. Bid fair to be, taka kuwa.
Bid farewell, aga.

—— (make a bid) v. nunua, sabuni,

“pandisha bet; (first bid) rasimu.

Bidden, pf. t. Bid.

Bidding, n. amri, neno.

Biennial, a, -a killa miaka miwili.

Bier, n. jeneza.

Bifurcation, n. panda,

Big, a. -kubwa, -kuu, -nene. A big
man, jitu | ma- |, pandikizi la mtu.
Big men, mapande ya watu, A big
child, jana (ma-). A big dog,
Jibwa | ma- |.

Bigamist, n. mwenyi kuoa wake
wawili,

Bigamy, n. kuwa na wake wawili.

Bigot, n.-shupavu | wa dini, maneno,
&c.], -enyi maneno makavu,-gumu,

Bigoted, a, -a ginsi ya Bigot.

Bigotry, n. uskupafu (wa moyo),
ugumu, ukavu.

Bile, n. #yongo.

Bilge, n. ngama, banduru.

Biliousness, n. safura, tabia ya

Nyongo.

Bill, n. (of bird) mdomo | wa ndege);
(account) kali ya fetha, hesabu,
Jumla; (proposed law) (| kati yenyi

34

BISON

habari ya sheria mpya |; (chopper)
mundu (mi-). Bill of sale, axkra,
Bill of exchange, Aawala, hundi,
Bill of fare, | barua ya vyakula
mezani), Bill of lading, chetz.

Billet, v. [amuria asikari nyumba
atakayokaa),

n. kibarua cha Billet.

Billet-doux, n. barua ya mchumba.

Billiards, n. [mcheso kama Baga-
telle}. |

Billion, n. /akki fi lakki marra mia;
1 ,000,000,000,000,

Billow, n. wimbi AA no

Bimanous, a, -enyt mi. miwili,

Bin, n. sanduku | ya kuwekea nafaka,
devai, makaa, 8tc.).

Bind, v. (p. t.na pf.t. nea funga,
kaza; (put restraint on) fanya
sharti, tia shartt, bidi ; (hooks)
jalidi,

Binding,n. (of books) jalada, jalidi.

— a.-a lasima, -a sharti.

Binocular, n. durubini [ya macho
mawili),

Biography, n. [Aabari za maisha ya
mtu).

Biology, n. (elimu ya usima, na asili
ha ee

Biped, a. -enyt miguu mtwili.

Bird, n. ndege; (young) Linda |ma-|.
A bird’s-eye view, kufazama toka
“juu, kutazama yote pamoja.

Birdlime, n. /imbo.

Birth, n. uzazi, usaliwa; (begin-
ning) mwanzo, asili ; (rank) cheo;
(family) jamaa, A man of high
birth, miu wa cheo kikubwa, mtoto
wa wafu.

Birthday, n. itu ya kusaliwa ya
killa mwaka).

Birthright, n. urithi,

Biscuit, n. (mkate mkavu wa kizu-
ngu) biskili.

Bisect, v, kafa sawasawa wipande
viwili,

Bishop, n. askofu [ma-]}.

Bishoprio, n. uaskofu, kasi |milki |
ya askofu.

Bison, n.
mdogo).

[mnyama kama nyali

BISSEXTILE

Bissextile, a. (killa mwaka wa
nne kizungu, ndio wenyi siku
366].

Bit, n. sehemu, kipande, chenge; (of
a horse) liyamu, A bit, kidogo.
I don’t care a bit, haithuru hatta
kidogo. Nota bit of it, ssvyo kabisa.
Bit by bit, punde kwa ‘punde. Take
bit by bit, chota.

—— p. t. Bite.

Bitch, n. mbwa jike,

Bite, v. (p. t. Bit, pf. t. Bitten) uma,
tafuna; (pain) washa ; (take hold)
kamatisha, Biteoffa piece, mega.
Bite the dust, uawa vilani.

— Nn. kuuma, umo, palipoumwa ;
(mouthful) ego.

Bitten, pf. t. Bite.

Bitter, a. -chungu, -kalt.

Bitterness, n. uchungu, ukali.

Bitumen, n. Jami, .

Bivouac, v. ‘ua, panga.

—— n. kituo, kambi. .

Blab, v. paya, payuka ; (tell tales of)
chongea, Singista, hashifu.

Blabber, n. mpaya, . mchongezi,
mkashifu.

Blabbing, n. fayo [ma-]; uchongest,
ukashifu.

Black, a.-£4st; (dark)-a giza; (dread-
ful) -a #sho, -a msiba, -baya. A
black she (reprobate) , baa[ma-}.
Black- mail, hongo. In black and
white, imeandikwa, halisi.

(colour) weusi; (negro)
mweusi [w-].

Blackboard, n. («bau wa kuandikia
chuonz |.

Blacken, v. fanya -cusi; (disparage)
tia aibu, singizia, umbua,

Blackguard, n. na a. baa [ma-],
mbaya, mnyonge, barathuls, ayart,

Blacking, n. mafuta meusi.

Black-mail, n. hongo, mlungula,

—— vy. toza fetha kwa uthalimu,
lipiza hongo, lungula.

Blackness, n. weusi, giza, ukali.

Blacksmith, n. mfua chuma, mhu-
nsi, fundi Tma-|.

Bladder, n. kibofu [vi-].
Blade, n. (of grass) jani [ma-], ki-

— n.

85

BLEMISH

Jani; (of sword) kengee; (of oar)
bapa; (of knife) bamba. .

Blamable, a. -daya, -a kulaumiwa,
kosa. Be blamable, be to blame,
ingia hatiyant, patilizika, stahili
laumu. We is blamable, or, to
blame, amekosa.

Blame, v. (scold) karipfia, kemea;
(accuse) fa hatiyani, shtaki, lau-
mu; (visit on) patélisa,

——— 1. matumuvu, laumu,

Blameless, a. -sio na haltiya, -sio
kosa.

Bland, a. -anana, -pole, -tamu.

Blandishment, n. ubembelezi, upe-
ndeleo, ushaushi.

Blank, a. -fupu, -eupe; (face, look)
-@ kufathaika, -a kushangaa, -a
kutundawaa,

Blanket, n. dlanketz; (thick woollen
stuff) bushuti.

Blaspheme, v, nenea dini | Muungu |,
kufurisha, nena unajisi, tukana,
nenea vibaya,

Blasphemer, n. mwenyi kunenea dini
Utumtukana Muungu |, mkufuru.

Blasphemous, a. -4 Blasphemy.

Blasphemy, n. maneno ya hunenea
dini, makufuru, unajisi, ukafiri ;
mafukano,

Blast, n. (sound) uwumi, shindo;
(rush of air) thoruba ya pepo, uvu-

0, upepo wa mshindo [wa
ghdfela); (blasting) kupasua kwa
barut

—-v. haribu, angamiza ; (break by
explosion) pasua kwa baruti.

Blase, v. waka. Blaze abroad, za-
ngaza.

n. mwangaza wa moto, mwako.

Bleach, v. fanya -eupe.

Bleak, a. A bleak country, Jara
tupu, ukiwa. A bleak wind, upepo
wa baridi.

Bleat, v. ia (kama kondoo|.

Bleed, v. (p.t. ma pf,t. Bled) Zoka,
damu ; ; (draw blood) zoza damu,
umika. He bled freely, altchuru-
zika damu, damu ilimtoka tele,

Blemish, v. karibu usuri wa, ta ila.

——n. sla, kipunguo, kosa, aibu,

D 2

BLEND

Blend, v. changanya. .
Bless, v. bariki, tabaruku.

86

BLUE
pumba, mwenyi kitwa kigumu,
kigogo.

Blessedness, n. halz ya heri kamiti. | Blood, n. damu ; (race) asili, mbegu;

Blessing, n. mbaraka | mi- |, baraka,
rathi; kubariki, God bless you,
Muungu akuweke.

Blest, p.t. #a pf. t. Bless.

Blew, p. t. Blow.

Blight, n. [maraths ya mimea) kutu,
koga, kawa(?).

— v. fisha, poteza, fifisha,

Blind, a. (sightless) -pofu ; (incon-
siderate) -a ujinga, -a haraka;
(obscure, hidden) -styopenya nuru,
-stopittka, -a kufichikana, Blind
of one eye, -enyt chongo. A blind
man, kipofu {vi-}. Blind rage
(folly, obedienee, &c.), ghathabu
tupu, wazimu, shetani.

v. povusha ; (deceive) danganya.

—— n. fazia .
shani |; (blinker) kijamanda [vi-];
(deceit) kila, uwongo, mtego.

Blindfold, v. fungia kitambaa ma-
chont, funga kidoto.

Blindly, adv. kwa ujinga, billa
shauri,

Blindness,n. upofu, (oneeye) chongo.

Blink, v. pepesa | kopesa | macho.

Blinkers, n. (for camels, &c.) kija-
manda, kidoto, kinga ya macho.

Bliss, n. furaha kuu, raha musta-
vehe, hali ya heri kamili, jaha,

Blissful, a. -a Bliss.

tive disease) wwwats.
Blithe, a. -enyi furaha, -kunjufu.
Bloat, v. vimbisha.

Block, n. (kipande kinene cha mli |

ao jiwe ao chuma); (of houses)
nyumba nyingi pamoja; (obstruc-
tion) zuz0; (pulley) kapi [ma-],
ayari ; (for caps) aroma; (execu-
tioner’s) (mli wa kujtlasia kitwa
tayari kukatwa | kiti, kiguzo.

— v. pinga njia, ziba, zuia, kinga-
misha, fungisha.

Blockade, v. kusuru, sunguka kwa
vita, singisa, fungtsha,

D, mazingtwa,

Blockhead, n. mjinga [wa], ki-

Lya kukinga jua dirt- |

(family) jamaa, udugu. His blood
ts up, amekasirika. In cold blood,
pasipo hasira, kwa shauri si kwa
haraka, kwa ukaki tu,

Bloodhound, n. ( jibwa la kuwindia
watu, hodari kunusa).

Bloodshed, n. waji, mauaji, damu.

Blood-vessel, n. mshipa wa damu.

Bloody, a,.-a damu; (cruel) -kazi,
-a kiuaje.

Bloom, v. toa mawa, chanua; (grow
up) kwa.

—— n. ua [ma-}. To be in the
bloom of youth, kuwa kijana
mzima, kupevuka,

Blossom, n. za v. = Bloom.

Blot, Blotch, n. waa [ma-], ila,
kiwaa; (of ink) Atwaa, kstone ;
(disgrace) atiba, kipungno.

v. 4a mawaa; (spoil) azbisha,
haribu, Blot out, futa, futia
mbali; (remove entirely) simiAiza,
ondoa pia,

Blotting-paper, n. | karafast ya ku-
kaushia wino).

Blow, n. pigo | ma- |, shindo |ma- |);
(disaster) msiba |mi-|); (sudden.
act) tendo la ghdfala, théruba.
At a blow, ¢héruda moja. Come
to blows, anza kupigana,ingia vita,

,——_v. (p.t. Blew, pf.t. Blown), (of
Blister, n. “ngelenge [ma-]; (erup- |

wind) vuma, (of breath) wa pu-
muzi, puzia, pulizia; (pant) éweta;
(blossom) Za maua. Blow a
trumpet, &c., Piga panda, Blow
the nose, futa kamasi. Blow bel-
lows, vaketa, Blow over, fifa,
tulia, Blow up, vunja kwa ba-
rutt, pasua, (neut.) pasuka; (a
bladder, football) puAsta. Blow
about, eperusha, (neut.) peperseka,
Blubber, n. (mafuta ya nyangumi |).
— v. a kwa machozi kitoto.
Bludgeon, n. gongo |ma-|, rungu
(ma- |, kibarango (ve-].
Blue, a. na n. [-a] rangt ya sama-
wati, kama maji ya bahart, sa-
mawi; (for washing) 7/2.

BLUE-JACKET

Blue-jacket, n. dakaria wa mano-
wart,

Blue-stone, blue vitriol, n. mru-
tutu.

Bluff, n. ras, kilima |ukingoni pa
mto ao bahar |.

—— a. (outspoken) -nyofu ; (surly)
-kais ; (steep) -a kusimama.

Blunder, v. kosakosa, fuja, chafua,
borage.

—— n. kosa | ma- |, Fuse, ujinga.

Blunderbuss, n. nduki fupi
nene|j.
Blunt, a. -bufu; (plain-spoken)

-nyofu, -a kusema wastwast. This

_ knife is blunt, kisu hike hakipati.
Bluntness, n. wbutu, &c.

Blur, n. waa [ma-]}, .

—— v. tia waa, haribu. '

Blush, v. geuka [uso}. Put to
binsh, hizi, tahayarisha, vunja uso.

—— n. kugeuka uso (kwa haya),
haya usoni.

Bluster, v. figa domo, nena kwa
kiburi, jigamba, A blustering
wind, upepo mkati.

——n. maneno ya kiburi, ufithuli,

Boa, n. chatu.

Boar, n. nguruwe ndume.

Board, n. ubau [mbau|; (council)
baraza; (food) chakula, riziki;
(table) meza. On board, merike-
buni. Take on board, gakia.
Board and lodging, kula na ku-
lala, nyumba na nafuu.

— v. ptkia, lisha, tolea riziki ;
(enter ship) imgza merikebuni,

Boarder, n. (mwenyi kupanga chu-
mba na kupikewa\.

Boast, v. jisifu, jivuna, jigamba.

—— n. majivuno, USIMANGU.

Boaster, n. mjisifu,

Boastful, a. -a kujisifu,

Boat, n. mashua; (ship) merikebu.

— v. fembea mashuani, chezea
mashua.

Boatswain, n. serangi.

Bob, v. #kisika, rukaruka. Bob up,
2uka,

37

BOND

Bobbin, n. kidonge cha uzi.

Bodo, v. onya, onyesha mbele.

Bodily, a. -a mwili, -a mfano wa
mwili,

— adv. fia, -ote.

Bodkin, n. (sindano kubwa butu |.
Body, n. mwili | miili); (without
limbs) kiwiliwili ; (dead) mayiti ;

(person) mts; (company) jamii,
shirika, wingi; (of troops) Kikosi,
kundi; (strength) ugumu, uzito;
(substance) kitu; (of wine) nguvu,
ukali, Heavenly body, nyota | jua,
mwezi), Somebody, mtu mmoja,
mtu. Anybody, mtu yo yote.
Bog, n. siwa lenyi malope mengi.
Be bogged, zopea.
Boggy, a. -4 rojo rojo, -a matope.
Boil, n. jipu (ma-).
v. chemsha, (neut.) chemka;
(bubble) tutuma; ; (food) tohosa
(water) pika; (excitement) ka-
sirika sana, shikwa na ghathabu,
Be boiled, tokota, tokeseka. Boil

over, furika,

Boiler, n. chombo cha kupikia
maji.

Boisterous, a. -2 nguvu, -a tadi, -a
Jeuri, -a kuchafuka.

Bold, a. -jasirs, -shujaa, -guniu, -enyt
moyo; (dangerous) -a hetart,

-kubwa; (forward) -tundee, -teckuts ;

(prominent) nje, wazi, -a kutokeza.
Make bold to, Zkubutu,

Boldness, n. wasiri, Sc.

Bolster, n, mlo (mi-, mrefu wa ku-
lasia kichwa).

Bolster up, v. fegemesa.

Bolt, n. homeo [ma-]; kia; (missile)
lisasé ; (screw, &c.) msomart, para-
fujo.

Bolt, v. komea, funga, kaza; (swal-
low) meza, -la kwa pupa; (rush off)
toka mbio, kimbia.

Bomb, n. kombora | ma- |.

Bombard, v. piga mizinga, vunja

kwa mizinga.
Bombardment, n. kupiga mizinga.
Bombast, n. maneno makuu, maji-

yuno.
Bond, n. fungo | ma-), kifungo (vi-};

BONDAGE

(written contract) sharti, ‘hati,
mkataa.

Bondage, n. utumwa.

Bondsman, n. mtumwa [wa-),

Bone, n. mfupa (mi-), fupa [ ma-];

(of fish) mwiba wa samaki. Have | B

a bone to pick with, -wa 2a neno
na. Make no bones of, si ogopa,
St kawia, st jizuia.

Bonfire, n. moto wa salamu. -

Bonnet, n. kofia | ya mwanamke).

Bonny, a. -suri.

Bony, a. -enyt mifupa mengi, kama
mfupa; (emaciated) -gofu.

Booby, n. mjinga, mpumbafu.

Book,n. kitabu Er mwa hafu la),
chuo (vy-| Bring to book, taka
hesabu, shtaki, kemea, Account
book, daftari.

—— v. andika katika daftari.

Bookish, a. -4 kusomasoma vitabu,
-a kuiga maneno ya vitabuni,

Book-keeping, n. (maarifa ya ku-
andika hesabu ya mali ), kuandika
daftari ; (clerk's work) #karani.

Boom, n. vvumt, mshindo; (of ship)
foramali ndogo; (in commerce)
kukaza bet, vumisha,

v. vuma, vumisha.

Boon, n. fathili, baraka.

Boor, n. mshenzi, mtu wa kima-
shamba.

Boorish, a. kimashamba.

Boot, n. kiatu (cha hisungu, kiku-
bwa). To boot, saidi, faida.

— v. faa.

Booth, n. kibanda [vi-].

Bootless, a. -a durre.

Booty, n. mateka, mawindo, nyara.

Border, n. #paka,ukingo; (of cloth)
pindo (ma-], (woven) taraza.

—— (on), v. sangamana [na], pa-
kana | na), “wa mpaka mmoja (na),
kartbta; (resemble) -wa kama,
mfano mmoja na, karibu ya.

Bore, v. sua, (drill) pekecha, (awl)
atdimikia, (crow-bar) toboa; (an-
noy) sumbua, pekecha, chokoza,
Bore ears (nose, &c., for orna-
ment), koga

—— n, (ca ibre) (cheo cha tundu la

38

BOUND

bunduki); (tidal wave) (wimbi
kubwa mtoni); (troublesome per-
son) mtundu, mwenyi kero, mcho-
kozi, muutht,

Bore, p. t. Bear.

orn (Be), v. zaliwa.

Borne, pf. t. Bear.

Borough, n. mji (mi-), watu wa
mji.

Borrow, v. asima, kopa, karithika,

jipasha deni; (receive) pokea;
(imitate) iga, fuatisha.

Borrowed, a. -Hoasimwa, &c.; (as-
sumed) -a watu, st -ake [-ao, &c. |,
-a Uwongo.

Borrower, n. mkopi.

Bosom, n. kifua, moyo; (innermost
part) ndani kwa ndani. A bosom
friend, msirz, msettrs.

Boas, n. nundu, kama nundu, ki-
tumbo, jicho ; (master) bwana.

Botanist, n. mwenyi kujua Botany.

Botanize, v. #ifunza Botany.

Botany,n. Telimu ya mili na mimea
yote).

Both, a. -ote -wili | mbili |, -wilt.

—— conj. na. Both this and that,
hii na hii.

Bother, n. uthia, taabu, huja, kisi-
yani.

—— v. sumbua, utht, chokoza.

Bottle, n. chupa [ma-); (small) &-
tupa |vi-); (of skin) kiriba [vs-] ;
(water-cooler) gudulia.

Bottom, n. chint, upande wa chini;
(basis, beginning) msinji, mwanzo,
asili. Bottom part (piece), Zako.
At bottom, haswa, kwa kweli.
Bottom, Get to the bottom (of),
fika chini fal; (sift) hakiki, jua
ote pia. at the bottom of, -wa
asili [mwanso, mwanstshi, mwo-
ngozi |. Bottom upwards, fudifude.

Boudoir, a. chumba cha bibi.

Bough, n.taws | ma- |), kitawi, ulansu
(zansu ).

Bought, p. t. #a pf. t. Buy.

Boulder, n. (jiwe kubwa la mvi-
ringo |), mwamba (mt-).

Bounce, v. ruka | kama mpira |.

Bound, p. t. #a pf.t. Bind. I am

BOUND

bound (to go), sina buddi | kwe-
nda), imenibidi, imenipasa, nala-
zimika, imelazimu kwangu, juu
yangu. The ship is bound for
Bombay, jahasi inakwenda Mo-
mbee. The book is bound, 4#abzu
kimetiwa jalada. Yl be bound,
natadariki, naithini, hakika.
Bound, v. (leap) ruka! kama mpira);
(border ma; (restrain)
suta, bounded by, na na,
wa na mpaka. It is bounded by,
mpaka wake ni.
n. suko (ma-|; (limit) mpaka,
kiasi ; (furthest point) upeo, kiko-
mo. bounds, ruka mpaka,
pita kiasi. Keep within bounds,
zuia; (neut.) shika mpaka, shika
kiasi.

Boundary, n. mpaka |mi- |.

Boundless, a. |-sto na mpaka ao
mwisho ao masi), -kubwa mno,
ingi sana.

Bounteous, Bountiful, a. -paji,
-karimu, -ingi.

Bounty, n. ukarimu, upaji, baraka;
(premium) bakshishi.

Bouguet, n. shada la maua; (scent)
arufu, nukato.

Bourse, n. (barasa ya matajiri,
wafanyapo shughuli, zao |.

Bout, n. samu, safari, théruba.

Bow, v. (bend down) sama, tnamt-
sha; (subdue) “sha. Bow to,
salimu, amkia (kwa kuinama);
(give way to, accept) 222, kubali,
Bow down before, sujudia.

— n. (of ship) gubeli, omo; (ges-
ture of respect) salamu [ya kui-
nama |), jisnamist, kuinama kitwa.
Make a bow to, #namia kikwa.

Bow, n.ufindi | pindi |, (and arrows)
ula (mata, nyulalji (of ribbon)
fundo. Draw the long-bow, piga
chuku.

Bowels, n. mafumbo; (inmost part)
moyo; (compassion) kuruma.

Bower, n. (makali pazuri katika
bustani, kibanda cha anasa sha-
mbani |}.

Bowl, v. fingirisha, tupa tufe, Bowl

89

BRAMBLE

along, enda mbio
gurudumu |.

Bowl, n. bakuli | ma- |; (ofwood) fua,
chano |vy-|; (of pipe) borz.

Bow-legged, a. chege, -enyi malege.

Bowsprit, n. mdingote [ms-] wa
maji.

Box, n. sasha [ma], bweta, sanduku;
(small metal) kijafuba|vi- |; (small
paper) kibumba (vs-]; (seat) | kati
cha gariwala, cha sais\|; (wood)
[mts mweupe mgumu). Christmas-
box [ada ya siku kuu ya Christ-
mas}. Box on the ear, kofi (ma- |.

—— v. (the ears) piga makofi | ya
masikio); (fight with fists) cheza
mapigano ya konde.

Boy, n. mtoto (wa-) mume, kijana
[vs-]; (servant) mtumishi | wa-|.
Boycott, v. Zengea mbali kabisa,

katasia maongezi yote.

Boyhood, n. doto.

Boyish, a. -a kitoto.

Brace, n. (kitu cha kufungia ao
kukasia}; (clamp) gango; (pair)
Jozi; (suspender) kamba ya suruali.
A brace of birds, ndege wawili.

—— v. burudtsha, tia nguvu, kaza.

Bracelet, n. (round) kikuku [vi-];
(with points) danagirz; (flat) kekee;
(of beads) kingaja.

Bracing, a. -a kutia afya, -a baridi.

Bracket, n. kipande cha kutegemea,
kitegemeo; (tor lamp) mwango; (in
printing) (alama hiz (3).

Brackish, a. -a chumvi kidogo,

Brag, v. jigamba, jivuna, jelea
maume, faga chuku, jipevusha.

—— n. majivuno.

Braggart, n. mjigamba, mjisifu.

Braid, n. kigwe (vi-], dmana; (of
hair) masongo.

—— v. sokota, suka.

Braiding, n. (of hair) masongest.

Brain, n. #bongo wa kitwani; (sense)
akili. Use the brain, éumia akili.

Brake, n. kichaka; (carriage) (gari
kubwa); (of a carriage) | kipande
cha kusuta gurudumu la gar? |.

Bramble, n. mchongoma |mi-),
mkwamba |mi- ).

(tama kwa ma-

BRAN

40

BREATH

Bran, n. makapi ya nafaka ; (of rice) | Break, v. (p.t. Broke, pf.t. Broken)

kumvi, wishwa | nish wal.

Branch, n. Zawi [ma-], utansu
(danse) (part) sekemu. Branch
roads, panda Ja njia. Branch of
river, creek, mkono | mi- |).

v. gawika, Branch off, enda
upande, jitenga. Branch out,
ongeza maneno | shughuli).

Branching, a. -enyt malawi.

Brand, n. kinga [vi-]; (stamp) a/a-
ma, chapa.

—— v. tia alama (chapa |); (disgrace)
aibisha.

Brandish, v. ¢#kisa (selaha, konde,
&c.]; (wave in air) punga.

Brandy, n. (mvinyo mmoja wa ngu-
vu sana).

Brass, n. shaba | nyeupe, tliyochanga-
nyika na Zinc}, (Ar.) nuhds,

Bravado, n. majisifu, kupiga makuu,
Sakari.

Brave, a.
thabtts.

—— v. vumilia, stahimil:.

Bravery, n. ushujaa, uthabiti, ugu-
mu.

Bravo, int. njema sana !

Brawl, n. makelele, fitina, ugomvi,
ghasia,

—— v. fanza Brawl.

Brawler, n. mgomvi | wa- |.

Bean, n. kwama Ya NZUrUWE yenyi

-shujaa, hodart, -gumu,

Brawny, a. -ene, -a Nguvu.

Bray, v. ia kama punda; (in a mor-
‘tar) ponda, twanga.

—— Nn. [mito wa punda|.

Brasen, a. -a shaba (myeupe);
(shameless) Pasipo haya, -pujufu.
Breach, n. palipobomoka, tundu,
(quarrel) mvunjo [wa urafiki ao
3, &c.|, ugomvi. Breach of

promise, kuvunja ahadi.
—— v. bomosha, vunja.

vunja; (news) funua, éleza ; (law)
halifee, ast; (injure) karibu, hastrs ;
(weaken) legesa, punguza nguvu
ya; (tame) fuga. |Neut,) za
njika, pasuka; (abscess) tumbuka;
(bank) filisika ; (dawn) pamba-
suka; (burst ont) Zoka kwa nguvu,
tohea, onekana; (disperse) tawa-
nyika; (grow weak) /egea, hari-

away, oose,
nguvu, jitoa, toa. Break down,
angusha, shinda; (humble) thsi ;
door, wall, &c.) "bomoa, bomosha ;
(give way) angamia, koma, shind-
wa, legea. Break out, forth, (morn-
ing) pambazuka, onekana, (sun)
chomoza ; (anger, Sc.) tokea, waka,
Janyanguvu. Break in, ingia kwa
nguvu, jitia; (train) fuga. Break
off, Loma (#omesha) hafula, kata,
vunja; (twigs, flowers, &o.) kwa-
nua, konyoa, goboa; (in speaking)
katiza maneno; (separate) bagua,
tenga. Break up, vunja, komesha.
(neut.) vunjtka, angamta; (ground)
lima; (floor, concrete roof, Sc.)
wekua. with, st onana sa,
wunjia urafiki. Break the beck
of, maliza, shinda. Break cover,
toka vichakani, tokea, onekana.
Break wind, jamba, shuta. Break
a charm, sukumisa uchawi, tegua.
Break the news, penyesa | funua)
kabari | ya jambo kubwa). Break
the ice, anzisha maneno | juu ya
jambo kubwa),

— n. mvunjo, kuvunja, kuvunjika;
(cessation, stop) kikomo; (space)
peupe. Break ofday, mapambazuko.

(abrupt end) kikomo; | Breaker, n. wimbi [ma-, lenyi pofu,

la kuinuka penyi msamba, la ku-
umka).

Breakfast, n. chamsha kinwa, cha-
kula cha 'assubui, kifungua kanwa,

Bread, n. mkate [wa ngano); (food) | Breakwater, n. boma la kusuta ma-

chakula, riziki,
Breadth, n. 4
has breadth o view, anajua mengi,

ana fikara nyingi, mjuzi.

wimbi, boma majini.

» mapana. He | Breast, n. kifua; (animal' s) kidari,

moyo; (woman's) masiwa, dodo.
Breath, n. pumuzi, roho, nafsi;

BREATHE

(instant) dakika moja; (trifle) kitu
kidogo. A single breath, upumust
Take away the breath,
shusha, S. sa. Under the
breath, kwa kunong'ona, kwa hofu,
polepole. A breath of wind, pepo

Breath, v. vuta pumust, pumuzika,
tanafuss; (whisper) xong'ona ; (re-
veal) foa, onya. Breathe hard,
kokota roho, tweta. Breathe one’s
last, kata roho, -fa.

Breathless, a. -a utwetatweta;
(precipitate) -2 kukata pumust, -a
haraka, -a kushinda roho.

Bred, p. t. #2 pf. t. ya Breed. Well-
bred, a. -/olewa vema, -enyi adili;
-a mbegu njema. Iil-bred, Low-
bred, -nyonge, pasipo adabu, -baya.

Breech, n. fako, nyuma. To load by
the breech, kushindilia kwa nyuma.

Breeches, n. sorual:.

Breech-loader, n. bunduki ya viasi,
bunduks ya kuvunja.

Breed, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Bred) sait-
sha, chunga, fuga; (neut.) zaa,

—— 2. nama ginsi, mbegu,

Breeder, n. mfuga, mchunga.

Breeding (cattle), n. m/isho, mfugo;
(edueation, &c.) malesi, malezi

masusi; (manners) adabu. A
breeding fowl (goat, £c.), £00 la
kuku | mbuzi, &c.}.

Breeze, n. baridi, upepo.

Brethren, pl. ya Brother. |

Brevity, n. uchache, tpi: (of
speech) maneno machache , uchache
WA MANENO.

Brew, v. fanyiza pombe; (devise)
waza, fikiri, tunga (shauri la

hila).
Brewer, n. mfanyisa
Brewery, n. (mahali pa kufanyiza

pombe}.
Briar, n. mchongoma [mt-], mbigili
(mi), Mm;

Bribe, n. rushwa, mlungula, chi-
chiri. Take bribes, -Za rushed,
penyersca fetha, -pa rushwa,

lisha, vuta kwa fetha.

~u Y.

41

BRING

Bribery, n. upenyest, rushwa,

Brick, n. fofadi (ma-|.

— 3, -4 matofali. Brick-kiln,
tanuu ya kuchoma matofalt,

Bricklayer, n. mwashi (wa-).

Bridal, a. -a St,

Bride, n. bibi harusi.

Bridegroom, n. bwana harusi,

Bridge, n. daraja (ma-), kantara
(Ar.); (tree or beam) mtfafago
[ #8-], udalo.

Bridle, n. (reins) hatamu, ugwe (wa
mdomoni wa frasi, Punda), kigwe
(vi-); (bit) Zijamu.

—— v. susa, Bridle up, kasirika,
ona uchu

Brief, a. futi, -a maneno machache.

n. (lawyer’s) (kati ya mdat ya

mkumbusha maneno yake mbele
ya kathi). Hold a brief for, tetea,
data.

Brig, n. (merikebu ya matanga yenyi
milingote miwili |.

Brigade, n. (sehemu ya jeshi la
asikari), kundi (ma-), kikosi | vi-|.

Brigand, n. mnyanganyi (wa-1, ka-
ramia, mtoro | wa-).

Brigandage, n. unyanganyi, jeure.

Bright, a. -enyi kung'aa, -eupe, safi;
(joyful) -a furaha, -kunjufu, -che-
kelezi, -chesi ; (intelligent) -a akili,
Jekefu.

Brighten, v. ng'asa, ng’ ariza; ( cheer) ;
furehkisha, changam'sha; (polish)
katua; (neut.) (of weather) anuka ;
(improve) geuka -suri, fanthia;
(of looks) kunjuka.

Brilliancy, nv. kung'aa, wang'afu,
weupe, Usurs, utubufu.

Brilliant, a.-a kungaa, -a kumeta-
meta ; (glorious) -surt, tukufu.
Brim, n. ukingo, mdomo [mi-|. Up

to brim, furt/urt, farafara.

Brimful, Brimming, a. -4 kujaa
sama, -a kufurika, furifuri, fara-

Bvimstone, n. kiberiti,

Brine, n. maji ya chumvi, maji ya
pwani, bahari.

Bring, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Brought)
leta; (induce) shawishi, vuta,

BRINK

ongoza. Bring about, or to pass,
fanyisa, tinisa. Bring an action
against, shtaki kwa katht, peleka
shertant. Bring forth, zaa. Bring
forward, toa, enya. Bring in (of
income), /efa fayéda. Bring into
play or action, endesha kasi,
tumia, endesha. Bring out, toa.
Bring over, geusa moyo, shawishi.
Bring round, (revive) fufua, hut-
sha, ponya; (persuade) shawishi.
Bring to bear, tumia, pelekea.
Bring under (subdue), kisha.
Bring up, (educate) /ea; (vomit)
tapika ; (stop) simamssha.

Brink, n. ngo. To be on the
brink of, kuwa karibu ya.

Briny, a. -a chumvi.

Brisk, a. -cpest, -tendaji. A brisk
demand (trade), tamaa tele.

Briskness, n. wepesi.

Bristle, n. unyele (nyele) mfupi
Mgumu.

— v. simikisha nyele (kwa hofu,
ao kuogofya); toa maogofya | hasira,
kiburi).

British, Britannic,
kiingereza.

Brittle, a. -epfest kuvunjika, thatfu.

Broach, v. sthua | pipa); (begin)
ansilisa, anzisha.

Broad, a. -fana; (plain) wazi;
(vulgar) -ste adabu; (comprehen-
sive) -a akili, -a maarifa mengi,
-a kufaa wote. Broad day, mcha-
na, mchana thahiri. With broad
brim, broad-brimmed (of hat, &c.),

a. Ngereza, -a

pana.

Broaden, v. fanya Broad, panua;
(neut.) panuka.

Brocade, n. 247%.

Brochure, n. msahafu mdogo.

Brogue, n. satam’ko ya kwao | ya
kishenzi, ya kimashamba).

Broil, n. uthia, fitina,
ghasia.

— v. kaanga.

Broke, p. t. ya Break.

Broken, pf. t. ya Break.

— a. mer Ceeble (rough) st sawa,
si laini; (feeble) #aifu, -nyonge.

ugomvi,

42

BRUSH

He speaks broken English, kajuz
vema maneno ya Kiingereza, ago-
tagofa, agoleza maneno.

Broker, n. wakili (ma-), dalali,

Brokerage, n. faytda ya dalati.

Bronchitis, n. (ugonjwa wa) kifua.

Bronze, n. shaba | nyeusi, iliyochan-
ganyika na bati |.

Brooch, n. kifungo, bisimu.

Brood, n. (young birds) jamii ya
makinda ; (collection) jamii,
wingi.

—— (over), v. (of fowls, fc) ata-
mea; (meditate on) fikirifikiri

Brook, n. kijito |vi-).

— Vv. ’ stabimil, vumilia.

Broom, a. ufagio [ fagio).

Broth, n. mchuzi wa nyama.

Brothel, n. nyumba ya makataba,
dango.

Brother, n. ndugu mume, ndugu;
(one of like condition) mwenst
[wesest], mwenyi hali moja.
Brother-in-law, shemegi, mwamu
[sva-}. Foster brother, ndugu
kunyonya. Husband's brother,
mwamu. Wife’s brother, wfi.

Brotherhood,. n. kwwa ndugu,
udugu; (society) chama, jamaa.

Brotherly, a. -a ndugu, kidugu.

Brought, p. t. na pf. t. ya Bring.

Brow, n. gaji la sso, Mpaji 1, kekomo
cha uso; (of hill) #kingo [wa
kilima). Knit the brows, kunja

pambanya,

Brown, n. #a a. [range kama ya
makuli makavu, kama kunde).
Browse, v. -Ja, jilisha, tafuna

majani.
Bruin, n. dubu.

Bruise, v. chubua; (crush) fonda,
Si

aga.
— n. chubuko |ma-), alama ya

ve onea,

Pige. , , ;
Brunt, n. mshindo, ukali (wa vita,

ugomui, &c. |.
Brush, n. (hair) bwrashi; (for

sweeping, ufagio | fagio); (fight)
vita 0.

BRUSH

Brush, v. fagia, pangusa, Sugua.
Brush by, or past, pita kwa kupa-
yuza, pujua.

Brushwood, n. makoko, kichaka,
msitu.

Brusque, a. -4 marra, -a ghdfula, si
adabu

> usukument.

Brutal, a. -kaii, kama nyama, ka-
ils, -koroft.

Brutality, n. ukali, ukorofi.

Brutalizse, v. karibu, fanya kama
nyama, tia ushenzi.

Brute, n. mnyama; (like a brute)
miu mbaya kabisa, baa; (stupid,
idiotic) hayawani.

Brutish, a. kama nyama, “baya,
chafu, -shenzi.

Bubble, n. ovu | ma-); (delusion)
jambo hafifu, shauri la hila,
matupu, ubatili.

—— v. toa povu, umka, chemka.

Buccaneer, n. karamia wa bahari,

Buck, n. Antelope ndume.

Bucket, n. ndo; (native) buyu [ma-].

Buckle, n. kifungo, bisimu.

—— v. funga (kwa Buckle]; (be
bent) pindamana., Buckle to, shtka
(kasi, vita).

Buckler, n. nguo.

Bud, n. jicho |ma- |, chipukizi (ma-)J;
(unopened) Zumba (ma-). Nip in
the bud, komesha upesi.

——y. chipua, mea, chanua.

Budge, v. ondoka, enda, sogea.

Budget, n. (bundle) &Zeto [cha
nyaraka, hati, &c.); (collection)
jamii; (public accounts) (kabari
za gharama za serkali).

Buffalo, n. nyati.

Buffet, n. figo la konde, kofi;
(counter) meza ya chakula, pakulia.

—— v. figa Buffet; (struggle with)
shindana na.

Buffoon, n. mchekeshaji, mpumbafu.

Buffoonery, n. uchekeshaji, ubishi.

Bug, n. kunguni.

Bugbear, n. kitisho, koja.

Bugle, n. ‘arumpeta, baragumu.

Bugler, n. mpiga tarusmpeta.

Build, v.(p.t. na pf. t. Built) jenga,
(in masonry) aka, (ships) unda;

43

BUNGLE

(construct) fanya, fanyiza. Build
on, tegemea, tumainta.

Builder, n. mwashi [wa-], mjenzi
(wa-), funds | ma-).

Building, n. (with poles, &c.) sye-
nsi; (with masonry) washi; (of
ships, &c.) «sensi; (house) nyu-
mba. Building materials, majengo,
maunzi.

Bulb, n. (shina la ua ao mboga, kama
kitunguu |.

Bulge, v. (outwards) oes vimba,

enuka, fanya mgongo; (inwards)
bonyea, kimaada

Bulk, n. (size) ukubwa, cheo; (chief
part) sehemu kubwa. Sell by bulk,
usa shelabela. Break bulk, zoa
shehena.

Bulky, a. -kubwa, -nene, -zilo.

Bull, n. fahali [ma-], ngombe
ndume ; (papal) Zangazo | /a askofu
wa Rumi reesbal) neno la kuche-
kesha. Bull’s-eye, katikati ya
shebaha. Take the bull by the
horns, jasirtsha, kata neno.

Bullet, n. Asase | ya bunduki), popoo.

Bulletin, n. até ndogo ya habari,
taarifu.

Bullion, n. | fetha tupu ao thahabu,
sstyopigwa chapa|.

Bullock, n. ng'ombe maksai.

Bully, v. chokosa, onea.

—— n. mchokozi, mtesi, mshari.

Bulrush, n. unyasi (nyasi |.

Bulwark, n. Joma |ma-|; (protec-
tion) kinga, nguzo, msaada.

Bump, v. gonga, gongana na.

— n. pigo [ma-\; chubuko (ma-].
Bumper,n.(dt/aurs iliyojaa mvinyo).
Bun, n. (mkate mdogo mtamu).
Bunch, n. (of fruit, &c.) kichala

[vs-], kitawi (vi-); (small guan-
tity) fungu; (of flowers, Sc.) shada.

Bundle, n. geto, kipeto, robta, furu-
shi, kifurushi, bindo, bumba, ki-
bumba; (of sticks) Ata [ma-].
Tie (sticks) in bundles, ¢#¢a.

Bung, n. kizibo cha pipa.

Bungle, v. dorogaboroga, kosakosa.

—— n. borogoborogo, machufuko, ko-
sakosa.

BUOY

Buoy, n. chelezo [vy-}, mlezo, boya.

Buoyancy, n. wepesi; (cheerfulness)

ukunjufu, matumaini.

Buoyant,a.-a kuelea,epesi; (joyous,
hopeful) -a furaha, -a tumaini.

Burden, n. msigo (mi-]; (cargo)
shehena; (trouble) mashia, Taabu,
- Burden, Be a burden or burden-
some, /emea, uthi. Beast of burden,
mnyama wa kuchukua mizigo
Uasi, ngamia, punda, ng'ombe).

Burdensome, a. -zs/o, -a kulemea.

Bureau, n. chumba cha kazi ya ser-
kali, affis.

Burgess, Burgher, n. mngwana
[wa-}, mwenyeji wa mji.

Burglar, n. mw:vi [weut), mwist.

Burglary, n. w3i.

Burial, n. masiko. Requisites for
burial, masisht, mastkwa. Attend
a burial, enda kuzikans | masthons |.
Provide a burial, stska, Burial ser-
vice (Mabommedan), Jatiha, kiti-
ma. Say burial service, soma fatiha.

Burlesque, a. -a kuchekesha.

Burly, a. -nene, -enyt maungo.

Burn, v. (p. t. wa pf. t. Burnt,
Burned) choma, ungusa, tekelesa,
washa; (make by burning) fanza
kwa moto; (neut.) chomeka, ungua,
teketea, waka, He burns with
anger, hasira yamwaka. Bum
one’s fingers, jipasha mashaka,
jitatanstsha burre.

—— n. umivu wa moto, moto, mcho-
MO, MWUNZGUZO.

Burner, n. | kipande cha laa chenyi
utambi).

Burning, n. mwako, mchomo.

—— a, -a nguvu, -a bidii nyingi.
A buming question, jambo la ma-
shaka yasiyokwisha.

Burnish, v. tatua, ng'arisha, sugua.

Burrow, Y.

—— n. kishimo (cha mnyama), ki-
tundu | kipenyacho chine), kipango.

Bursar, n. mfunza fetha.

Burst, v.(p. t. na pf. t. Burst) pasua,
vunja; (neut.) pasuka, vunjika.
His gun burst, baruti thimpasulia
bunduki. Burst out, Zoka kwa

44

BUTCHER

nguvu; (as water) bmbujika, Burst
through (out of), fumbuza; (of
boil, &c.) tumbuka. Burst into
tears, toka machozi ghdfula. Burst
on (appear suddenly), sta.

Burst, n. mshindo, jambo la ghafula,
théruba, kipinds.

Bury, v. zika; (of animals, &c.) fu-
kulia; (conceal) ficha, setirt, futta
mbali; ; (cover, overwhelm) funi-
kisa, angamiza.

Bush, n. kijiti [vt-], koko (ma-);
(thicket) kichaka; (jungle) poli,
bara. Bushes, mako msitu,
magugu. Beat about the bush,
sitasita, zunguka.

Bushel, n. (kipimo cha Ingeresa,
kadiri ya pishi kumi na sita).

Bushy, a. (with bushes) -enyi msitu
mwingi; (like a bush) -a vitawi
vingi, -4 nyele nyingi.

Busily, adv. kwa bidii, kwa nguvu,
upesi, sana.

Business, n. shughuli, kasi; (trade)
biashara, uchumi; (affair) Jambo;
(a troublesome matter) visa vingi,
huja. 1 have no business to, sina
amri ya, st kasi yangu. Not your
business, sio amri yako, humo,
haikupasi. What business have
you to do that? imekupasaje ku-
fanya hivi? Mind your own
business, shiéa lako.

Business-like, a. -a bidii, -a tara-
tibu, halisi.

Bust, n. (sanamu (ya mchoro) ya
mtu kwa juu, kitwa na kifua tu).

Bustle, v. fakaruki, jishughulisha.

—— n. haraka, uthia, shughuli.

Busy, a. etendajt, -enyi shughuli
nyingi. There was a busy scene,
ikawa kasi moto,

Busybody, n, mpingamssi, mpekuzi,
mta

But, con). lakini, wallakins, sllakins;
(ex t) ella; (only) ts. He all
but fell, karibu alianguka. But
for, pasipokuwa, tla kwa.

Butcher, n. mchinja nyama; (mur-
deret) miu mkali, mwua watu
burre, muaji.

BUTLER

Butler, n. [wnyweshajt, mtunza
akiba ya pombe ao mvinyo |).

Butt, n. pipa kubwa; (shooting
target) skebaka; (laughing stock)
mbarathul:, mjinga; (blow) pigo ;
(butt-end) Zako [ma-}, ncha butu
[ya mkuki, bunduki, 8c.|, kisi-
mika mkuki, mti | wa bunduki |.

—— Vv. piga pembe.

Butter, n. siagt, sami.

Butterfly, n. kipepeo (24-|.

Buttermilk, n. mfsndi (wa maziwa |.

Buttock, n. fako | ma-|, kitako.

Button, n. kifungo [vi-|. Button-
loop, n. kifanzi.

Buttress, n. nguzo | ya kutegemea
ukuta nje).

Buxom, a.
mnene.

(mwanamke) manure

Buy, v. (p. t. #a pf. t. Bought) s- |

nua. Buy off, susa kwa kulipa
fetha. Buy a new dress, kafa nguo.

Buyer, n. mnunuzi [wa-).

Buss, v. vyama | kama nyuki |.

Buszing,n. zvumi | kama wa nyuki |.

By, prep. kwa, katika, karibu na,
wa, -a By the Koran, naapa
Koran. Day by day, kila siku,
siku kwa siku. By night, usiku.
By noon, mbele ya aththuurs.
Come by, fata. Stand by, sayidsa.
Do well by, tendea mema. Put
(lay) by, weka. By-the-by, /akini.
By all means, inshallah, njema.

— adv. karibu; (on one side)
upande, mbali. By-and-by, halafu.

Bygone, a. -/iopria. Let bygones be
bygones, yaliyopita tupapishe.

By-law, n. amri ndogo.

Bystander, n. mwenyi kuwapo
[Auangalta, kuhuthuria),

Byway, n. njia ndogo.

Byword, n. methali; |kitu chenyt
kukumbukwa kwa sifa mbaya).

C.

Cab, n. | gari la kizungu, la huchu-
kua watu kwa bet).

Cabal, n. jamii ya wasiri, ufitini.

Cabbage, n. (mboga, kama majani
ya mfigili |.

45

CALL

Cabin, n. kijumba, kibanda |(vi-),
kipenu; (in a dhow) shetri.

Cabinet, n. kasha la vitu vya tunu;
(council) darasa ya mawazsiri;
(small room) chumba kidogo.

Cable, n. msyororo [mt-}, kamba
ya nanga, amari; (telegraph) uzi
wa simu.

Cackle, v. (kuku) tetea.

Cadaverous (Be), v. -wa mfano wa
maili, chakaa (mwili, uso), konda.

Cadence, n. sanuts tamu, ulinganifu
wa sauti.

Cadet, n. [mwanafunst wa kasi ya
vifa).

Cage, n. Zundu [ma-|, kitundu,
kizimba.

| Cajole, v. vuta kwa werevu, danga-

nya, karamkia.

Oake, n. mkate [ms-] mtamu; (lump)
donge, bumba, kibumba,

Calabash, n. dundu [ma-], buyu
(ma-); (tree) mbuyu |mi- |.

Calamitous, a. -a msiba, -a huzuni,
-28o, -kubwa.

Calamity, n. msiba |mi-|, shari,
hasara.

Calcareous, a. -eny? asili ya chokaa.

Calculate, v. Aesabu, hastbu; (con-
sider) thant, ona. Calculate upon,
tumainia, tegemea; (intend) kusu-
dia, asimu. Calculated for, -a
kufaa kwa, -a kutumika kwa.

Calculation, n. #esabu ; (considera-
tion) shauri, fikara.

Caldron, n. sufuria (ma- |, birika.

Calendar, n. (Z7as. Almanac]
kalendari.

Oalf, n. (pl. Calves) ndama ya
ngombe; (of leg) chafu | ma-) la
Mguu.

Calibre, n. (cheo cha tundu ya bu-
nduki ao mzinga); (mental ca-
pacity) cheo cha akili.

Calico, n. nguo, (stout) amerikani,
(thin) #/ayitfi, (dark blue) kaniki,
(fine) bafta, Sc.

Calif, n. khaltfa.

Caligraphy, n. mwandiko mzuri.

Calk, v. Lalafais.

Call, v. éta, alika, taja; (visit) amkia,

CALL

kwenda kutasama, zuru; (muster,
collect) changa. Callat, (of ships,
&c.) tua kwa, simama penyt. Call
for, (need) Zaka, hitaji, (deserve)
stahili. Call forth, Call out, am-
sha, tumtsha, toza, ththirisha.
Call names, (abuse) #ukana; (read
names) soma [faja] majina. Call
on, Make a call on or upon, amkta,
enda tasama, suru; (require) agtza,
shurutisha, sthi. Call out, piga
kelele, lia, guta; (muster) | askari |}
changa, kusanya. Call over, soma
wast | majina,Sc.). Call together,
kusanya. Call up, kumbuka, ku-
mbusha. Callin question, shinda-
nia, bishania. Call to account,
shtaki, hukumu. Call to mind,
Jahamu, kumbuka. Call to the
bar, fanya mwana sheria. It is
called ‘table’ in English, Austwa,
Jina lake, ‘table’ kiingeresa. I call it
madness, #aona mimi Ndio waztmu.

Call, n, mwz/o; (cry) Alto, ukelele,
ukemi. (visit) maamkizi, usuru,
maonano; (demand, pressingclaim)
jambo la kupasa [la kubids |, kuja,
lasima; (divine) sauti ya Muungu,
Muungu. Pay (make) a call,
(morning) amkia, (evening) fueska,
(general) enda tasama, salimu.
Make a call (demand, request), /e¢a
haja, sharutisha, tosa fetta. Call
of nature, Autaka choo, haja. It is
a heavy call upon him, yamdlemea
sana, Stay within call, kaa karibu
(kadiri ya kusikia ukiitwa). A
call upon the purse, gharama. A
call on time, strength, kasi kubwa
[sssto}.

Calling, n.#usta, mwito; (occupation,
trade) hast, uchumi, shughuli.

Callosity, n. sugu.

Callous (Be), v. fanya sugu, -wa
na ganzi, -wa -gumu; (unfeeling,
hard) shufaa, -wa -gumu, kaka-
mia, si Ona.

Callow, a. asipo nyoya.

Calm, n. (quiet) #fulivu, amani;
(absence of wind) shwars,

—— v. fuliza,

46

CANING

Calm, a. -a shwari; -tulifu, kimya.
Become calm, ‘ua, zizima.

Calmneas, n. ufulivu, amani.

Calorio, n. asil? ya moto.

Calumba, n. saomwa.

Calumniate, v. simgista, sengenya,
amba.

Calumniation, n. = Calumny.

Calumnious, a. -a kusingisia.

Calumny, n. masingizio, UWONGO.

Calves, pl. ya Calf.

Cambric, n. nguo ya kimia (net-
work).

Came, p. t. ya Come.

Camel, n. ngamia.

Camelopard, n. kwiga.

Camp, n. tuo [ma-], kituo [vi-],
kambi.

—— Y, zua, panga.

Campaign, n. muda wa vita, vita ya
mwaka mmoja, vita,

Camphor, n. kafuri, kafura mayiti.

Can, v. (p. t. Could) weza, -wa na
ruksa; (in comp.) -a#a. It can
be got, s#apatikana. It cannot be
broken, Aasvunjskani. I can but
(go), I can not but (go), sina budds

enda, imenibidi kwenda.

—— n. kopo | la bati).

Canal, n. | njia ya maji iliyofanyika
na wafu), mto |(mi-), mfereji (mi-).

Cancel, v. fufa, ‘Mia mbali; (annul)
tangua.

Cancer, n. donda baya, mtt, tego.

Candid,a. -nyofu, -nena kweli, wazi-
wast, pasipo hila.

Candidate, n. mfakaji, mjislahilisha
(cheo, kasi, heshima, &c.), mji-
pendekeza. He is a candidate for
a clerkship, anataka ukarani,

Candle, n. meshmaa, tawafa.

Candlestick, n. kinara cha meshmaa,
mwango |mi- |).

Candour, n. unyofu, weupe, kweli.

Cane, n. henserant, mwanzi. Sugar-
cane, n. mua (miwa |.

— v. piga henserani.

— a. -a henzerani.

Canine, a. -4 mbwa, kama mbwa.

Caning,n. He wants a caning, afa-

ka kupigwa fimbo.

CANISTER

Canister, n. kopo [Ja bati).

Canker, v. chakasa, osesha, haribu ;
(neut.) chakaa, oza, Sc.

Cannibal, n. (mfu mla wats).

Cannibalism, n. desturi ya [mtu]
kula watu, kula nyama ya mtu.

Cannon, n. msinga (mi- |.

Cannonade, n. kupiga misinga

mengi.

Canoe, n. mfumbwi [mi-]; (with
outriggers) ea/awa; (large planked)
dau | ma-}.

Canon, n. kawaida, sheria, kanuni;
(ecclesiastical) kawaida ya kanisa;
(member of chapter) kasiss wa
Cathedral; = Bible.

Canonical, a. -4 Canon.

. Canonize, v. (ingiza katika hesabu
ya watakatifu wa kimasihiya. |

Canopy, n. chandalua.

ant, n. maneno ya unafiki, upuuzi,
domo, ovyo ; (sudden eile delta

. kumo wa ghéfula.

Cant over, v. /aza upande, pindua ;
(neut.) tnska, pinduka.

Canteen, n. duka la vyakula;
(travelling) (ndoo yenyi jamii ya
vyombo vya kupikia na kulia |.

Canter, v. enda mghad, enda thelth.

Cantonment, n. kituo [vs-], kambi.

Canvas, n. Nguo ngumu, nguo ya
matanga; (sacking) gunia. Under
canvas, katika hema.

Canvass, v. fasamia, hojihoji, fanya
maneno juu ya; (political) omba
msaada, jipendekeza kwa Election
(7as. Blection), fafutza Votes
(Zaz. Vote).

Caoutchouc, n. mpira.

Cap, n. kofia; (covering) | kifuniko
kama kofia); (of a gun) fataki.

Capability, n. nguvu, akili; (use)
matumtst.

Capable, a. hodari,-stadt, -aaktili, He
iscapable ofanything, aweza yo yote.

Capacious, a. -kubwa ndani, -enyt
nafasi nyingi ndant,-a kuweka vi-
tu vingi; (able) -a nguvu, -a akili.

Capacity, n. akili, uwezo; (size)
kadri, ukubwa, cheo. In the capa-
city of, kwa kuwa. j

47

CAR

or on, n. matandiko | ya frasi,

&c. }.

—— v. tandika | frasi, &c.].

Cap-block, faroma.

Cape, n. ras; (short cloak) (nguo ya
mabegani), The Cape (of Good

Hope), Kegs.

Caper, v. cheza, vanda, rukaruka,
Jitapa.

Capillary, a. na n. kama uele

(wenyi kitundu kidogo ndani).
Capillary attraction, n. | maji kuvu-
kwa juu katika kitundu kidogo|.

Capital, n. mji |mi-) mkuu; (sum of
money) akiba ya mah, asili ya

“mali, ras tl mak; (large letter)
harufu kubwa | kama A, B, C).

—— 2. bora, -kuu, hodari. He is a
capital shot, ana shebaha sana.
Capital punishment, atkabu ya
kufa, kuuawa.

Capitalist, n. Zajiri [ma-], mwenyi
malt nyingi.

Capitulate, v. sitoa kwa adui, shi-
ndwa, salimu.

Capitulation, n. kujitoa, &c.

Caprice, n. mageuzi ya moyo; (folly)
upuss; (desire) matamant.

Capricious (Be), v. geukageuka,
potea.

Capsicum, n. (plant) mpilipili hoho;
(berry) pilipili.

Capsise, v. pindua; (neut.) pinduka.

Oapstan, n. duara.

Captain, n. (of ship) zakhotha; (of
soldiers) akida [ma-].

Captious, a. -enyi chuki, -epesi kwa
ugomvi |kwa hasira), -shindant.
Captivate, v. sa mno, chunu-
sha, shinda moyo, titsha; (bewitch)

loga.

Captive, n. na a. mfungwa | wa- |),
-Hofungwa; (in war) teka | ma- |.
Captivity, n. utumwa, kifungo, ku-

fungwa. Be in captivity, fungwa,
-wa mtumwa, -wa teka la vita,
Captor, n. -enyi kukamata, bwana.
Capture, v. kamafa, pata, twaa.
—— n. kukamata, kutwaa; (booty)
mateka, mawindo, nyara.
Oar, n. gari dogo, gari la fahari.

CARAVAN

Caravan, msafara(mi-]; (large car)
gari kubwa.

Caravan-porter, mpagazsi
mchukuzi | wa- |.

Carbine, n. bunduki fupi.

Carbon, n, (kifu kilicho asib ya
makaa na almasi na mafuta na
sukali|.

Carbuncle, n. | jiwe jekundu la tha-
mani; (abscess) jipu kubwa.

Carcase, n. mzoga | mi- |, pinda| ma- |.

Card, n. karatasi mene; (Playing:
card) karta,

——— Vv. lana.

Cardinal, n. (mta wa baraza kuu ya
Askofu wa Rum}.

kuu, -a maana. Cardinal
numbers, most, Dili, tatu, Rc. (Tas.
Ordinal). Cardinal points, (north)
kaskast, (south) kwsimi, (east) ma-
shariki, (west) magarsés.

Care, n. ‘unsa, hathari, bidii, uanga-
lift; (charge) kifu cha kutunswa
[cha kusumbukia); (trouble) mashka-
ka, taabu.

—— v. ona majulo, sikitikia, su-
mbukia, jishughulisha, kumbuka,
tia moyoni. Have care of, wekewa,
tunza, -wa #a maangazi ya, anga-
lia. Care for, penda, hurumia.
Take care of, angalia,tunza. Take
care of yourself (to a sick person),
ugua pole; (in general) sihath
Take care, ‘angalsa, wa na hathari,
Jihathari, Ido not care, haithuru,

[wa-],

ame 3. -

mamoja
Careen, v. /asa spande, inika;
(neut.) fala apande.

Career, n. (course) mwendo; (life)
massha ; (actions) matendo.

—— v. enda mbio, endaenda.

Careful, a. -angalifu, -a bidii.

Careless, a. -sembe, -Vive, sb -anga-
lif, -purukwushass.

Oarelacaly, adv. billa kufikird, vi-
baya, kwa haraka, ovye.

Carelessness, n. (kuwa Careless},
uzembe, &c.

48

CART

Caricature, n. [sanamu ya humfa-
nyia. mtu msaha, sanamu ya ku-
chekesha |.

Carnage, n. machinjo, mauaji,

Carnal, a. -baya, -a tamaa za mwili,
-a dunia.

Carnival, n. (situ kuu kabla ya
Lent].

Carnivorous, a. -/a nyama.

Carol, n. wimbo [ny-], utmbo wa
Christmas.

Carouse, n. karamu ya pombe, &e.

—— v. fanya Carouse.

Carp (at), v. sernca, amba, gomba.

Carpenter, n. seramiala.

Carpet, n. 2u(éa.

— v. 4a Carpet, funika chini.

Carriage, n. gar: (la kuchukua
wate}; (gait, appearance) mwendo,
sura, umbo; (payment for carry-
ing) malipo ya kuchukuza vitu,
uchukuzi.

Carrier, n. mchukuzi | wa- ), mpagazi
[wa-].

Carrion, n. mzoga, nyama mbovu,

Carrot, n. (mboga ya Ulaya).

Carry, v. chukua, peleka, ongoza;
(move on, extend) cmdesa, pitisha,
enesa; (reach) Aka; (capture) swaa
kwa nguvu, shinda; (be closely
connected with) fungamana na,
-wa hali moja wa, Carry a law,
motion, resolution, &c., fanya
sheria, piga amri. Carry a wall,
diteh, &c., fanya, fanyisa ukuta,
Sc. Carry off, chukua; (kill)
Jisha. Carry on, endeleza, ongeza,
fuliza, fanya, ~wa katika. Carry
child, (on back) beba, (on hip)
eleka. Carry owt or through, ma-
liza, jfikilisa, timsisa, tekeleza.
Carry oneself, -wa na mwendo,
enenda, tenda. Carry the day,
shinda. He carried his point,
alishinda katika Maneno, alipata,
als vfakiza shauri. It carries nothing,
haina , haina maana.

Caress, v. bembelesa, kumbatia, am- Carrying-pole, n. mpiko ( mi-).

batana na.
Cargo, n. shehena, mizigo.

Cart, n. gari (la kazi lenyt maguru-
dumu mawili ).

CARTER 49

CATCH

Carter, n. mtunza gari (Tas. Cart). Cast, n. (throw) mfupo (mi- |; (range)

Cartilage, n. ufupa mwororo.

Cartoon, n. sanamu | kubwa ya mwa-
ndiko), taswira.

Cartridge, n. kiasi |vi-| cha bunduki.

Carve, v. chora, nakshi, kata nakshi;
(at table) katakata [nyama kwa
chakula).

Carving, n. nakshi, choro | ma- |).

Cascade, n. maanguko ya maji poro-
moko la maji.

Case, n. (affair) jambo; (condition)
hali; (legal question) neno, uda-
wa; (box) kasha | ma-), sanduku,
bweta, kibweta; (of card &c.) ta
mba, kitumba, kibumba; (covering)
kifuniko; (exterior) kilicho nje;
(of knife, scissors, £:c.) wo [#y-].
It is the case, ndivyo ilivyo, na’ am.
In case of, Awa, katika, ikiwa,
endapo kwamba, twapo.

Casement, n. dirisha [ma-].

Cash, n. (ne (rupia, pesa, sarafu
yo yote); (ready money) nakudi,
Jetha mkononi.

Cashew-nut, n. Lorosho[ ma-]; (fruit)
bibo; (tree) mbibo [msi-], mkanju.

Cashier, n. karani mtunza fetha.

—— v. ondosha katika kazi,

Cashmere, n. kasimiri.

Casino, n. alisa, kilinge.

Cask, n. figa (ma-|).

Casket, n. kibwefta [vt-], kijamanda
vi-).

ones, n. [plant and root] mzho,
[m¢-]; (dried pieces) kopa [mat

Cassock, n.(vazs /a dini kama kanzu
ndefu).

Cast, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Cast) Zupa;
(down) angua ; (in a suit) shinda ;
(bring) Zefa, tia; (in a mould) za,
subu, mimina katika kalibu. Cast
feathers (skin), jigeua manyoya
(magori), ambuka ngozi. Cast

eaves, pukusa. Cast lots, piga
kura. Cast anchor, “a manga.
Cast up (accounts), Aesabu. Be cast
down, Ausunthka, shushwa moyo.
Cast light, angusa. Cast disgrace,
tia aibu, aibisha. Cast about,

tafuta, fikirifikizi,

kadiri ya mtupo; (mould) twita;
(reproduction, copy) mfano nakili.

Castaway, n. miu aliyetupwa, ma-
skint wa Muungu, fakiri.

Caste, n. | jamii ya watu wenyi
cheo kimoja|. Lose caste, ondole-
wa cheo, aibtka, shushwa,

Castigate, v. athzbu, rudi, piga.

Castigation, n. athabz.

Casting, n. (thing cast) kiwita [1].
Casting vote, Aukumu, neno la
tamma, mkataa.

Castle, n. ngome, gereza, nyumba
yenyi boma. '

Cast-off, a. (clothing, skin, &c.) ma-
vulio. :

Castor-oil, n. mafuta ya mbarika ;
(plant) mbarika.

Castrate, v. Aast.

Castrated, a. maksai.

Casual, a. (accidental) -a bahati, -a
nasibu; (careless) -sembe, -puru-
kushani.

Casualty, n. ‘ukio baya, msiba |mi-),
hasara; (fatal) mauti. Casualties
in war, waliojeruhi na kuuawa.

Casuist, n. mwalimu wa Casuistry.

Casuistry, n.e/imu ya kupambanua
mema na mabaya; (sophistry)
mchanganyo wa mema na mabaya,
udanganifu.

Cat, n. paka ; (town cat, semi-wild)
mnunda |mi-). Let the cat out,

funua siri.

Catacomb,n. faango la kusikia watu.

Catalogue, n. hesabu | ya majina, vi-
tabu, Sc. |, daftari, worotha, ortha.

Catapult, n. |mfambo wa kutupa
mawe vitani).

Cataract, n. maanguko ya maji,
poromoko la maji; (of the eye)
[ugonjwa wa macho), mtoto jichoni.

Catarrh, n. makamasi mengi.

Catastrophe, n. msiba mkuu, ucha”
fuko, maangamisi; (end) mwisho,
kikomo.

Catch, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Caught) ka-
mata, guia, daka; (illness) gafi-
kana |na ugonjwa); (fish) vue
(samaki); (in a trap) nasa, toga;

E

—S ee ee

CATECHETICAL
(water) kinga; (be‘in time for)
wahi, dirtki; (surprise) kufa,

. chungulia, gundulia; (understand)
fahamu, tambua; (stick) shika,
kwama, nafa, kaza. I catch your
meaning, nafahamu maneno yako,
Catch the eye, ear, attention, &c.,
vuta macho, tazamisha. Catch
cold, shikwa na baridi | makamasi,
homa). Catch fire, waka, anza
kuwaka. Catch a sound, sikiliza.
Catch up, fatsa; (interrupt) katiza
maneno. Be catching, ambukiza ;
(attractive) vala.

Catechetical, a. kwa maswali na
majibu, -a kujibizana.

Catechism, n. | kitabu cha maswali
na majibu chenyi kueleza dini ya
kimasihiya |; (guestion and answer,
primer) majibizano, mlango |mi-),

Catechist, n. mkufunzi wa Cate-
chism.

Catechise, v. fundisha kwa maswali

na majibu, jibizana.

Catechu, n. kafu (?).

Catechumen, n. mwanafunzi [wa-]
wa dini,

Categorical, n. ¢hahiri, -a hakika,
halisi.

Category, n. aina, ginsi.

Cater, v. chagua na nunua chakula.

Caterer, n. mwenyi kasi ya kutafuta
chakula.

Caterpillar, n. (mdudu mtambazi).

Catgut, n. 43? wa utumbo wa nyama,
kano, ugwe wa mkano.

Cathartio, n. dawa ya kuharisha.

Cathedral, n. kanisa kuu la askofu.

Catholio, a. -a kufaa watu wole ma-
hali pote, (atoliko); (Roman Ca-
tholic) -a kanisa la kirumi.

Catholicism, n. dini ya Catholic
Church | Kanisa Katoliko).

Cat-o’-nine-tails,n.mzeledt mkubwa.

Catspaw, n. barathuli, mtumwa.

Cattle, n. | jamii ya) ngombe, ko-
ndoo, nguruwe, mbuzi, Sc.

Cattle-fold,Cattle-pen,n. 243t[ma-).

Caught, p. t. za pf. t. Catch

Cauldron, 7as. Caldron.

Cause, n. sababu, ajil, maana, huja;

50

CEDE

(lawsuit) maneno, jambo, da'’wa,
madat; (side, party) upande, halt.
Final cause, kusudi. Material
cause, kifu. Formal cause, umbo.
Ultimate cause, asili, chanzo.
Proximate cause, sababu. Efficient
cause, sifanyisacho, kiendezacho,
chanzo. Make common cause with,
-wa halt moja na, shartkiana na,
Plead a cause, das, tetea.

Cause, v. (produce, effect) fanya, fa-
nyiza, anzisha, tia, -wa sababu ya;
(induce, compel) shurutisha, amu-
vu, lasimisha. Incompos.,-e2%a,-22a,
-esha, -sha, e. g. cause to go, ende-
sha. Cause fear, &c., tia hofu, Sc.
Cause (a person) to hear, fanya
asikie. I caused him to go blind,
rikamtia apovuke.

Causeless, a. pasipo sababu, burre.

Causeway, nl. njia kuu ya mawe, njia
tliyoinuka,

Caustic, a. -enyt kuchoma, kama
moto, kiungusa; (of words) -kals,
-chungu.

Cauterize, v. choma kwa chuma cha
moto, pisha moto, tia pisho, unguza.

Cautery, n. kuchoma, &c., pisho;
(marks of) mapisho.

Caution, n. wangulifu, hathars;
(warning )onyo[ma-],shaurt [ma-].

Cautious, a. -angalifu,-enyi hathars.

Cavalcade, n. andamo la watu
wapanda frasi.

Cavalier, n. ‘ajir’ mpanda frasi,

Cavalry, n. asikari wapandao frasi.

Cave, Cavern, n. pango |ma-|,
shimo | ma-|).

Cavil (at), v. zenea, kindana, bisha.

Cavil, n. ubishi, hoja, kunenea.

Cavity, n. fundu, shimo Dr,
mvungu |mi-).

Caw, v. ia [Lama kunguru|.

— n. kilio cha kunguru.

Cease, v. Loma, nyamaza, tulsa, isha.
Iam ceasing to love him, anazi-
toka mahabbans.

Ceaseless, a. -4 dayima, siku sole,
“siokwisha.

Cedar, n. mwerezi |(mi- |.

Cede, v. toa, achia mwingine.

CEILING

BI

CHAIN

Ceiling, n. sakafu ya jun [upande| kuvuta, cha kutazamika. Centre-

wake wa chini), chini ya sakafu,
boriti.

Celebrate, v. (honour, extol) tukusa,
sifu; (observe ceremonially) fanyia
heshima [thada ya dini), aths-
misha; (perform a ceremony) /a-
nya, (of Holy Communion) fanya
Usharika Mtakatifu.

Celebrated, a. -enyi sifa, -a jina, -a
kujulikana, mashir, -bayani.

Celebration, n. kufukuza, &c. ( Taz.
Celebrate); Usharika Mtakatifu.

Celebrity, n. sifa nyingi, utukufu,
jina. A celebrity, mbayani.

Celestial, a. -2 mbinguni.

Celibacy, n. (kali ya mwanaume
astyeoa| ujane.

Celibate, n. mwanaume asiyeoa,
mjane.

Cell, n. kijumba, kitundu, Wi ki

Cellar, n. chumba kilichochimbika
chini, ghala chini ya nyumba,

ghala ya mvinyo.

Cement, n. chokaa gumu, udongo wa
Ulaya, saruji.

——WVV. tia Cement; (fix, join)
kaza, unganisha.

Cemetery, n. fa kuzika, makaburi
mengi, makaburini. —

Cenobite, 723. Monk.

Cense, v. vukizia.

Censer, n. chetezo [vy-], mkebe.

Censor, n. mchungulizi, mchongest.

Censorious, a. -a Censor, -kali, -a

— kudaumu burre.

Censure, n. shutums | ma- |), laumu,
masuto,

—— vy. kemea, karipia, nenea, sula.

(Census, n. (kuandika watu wote wa
inchi, habari zao, hesabu,hali, Sc. |).

Cent, n. dokra; (hundred) mia.
Five per cent., sano kwa mia,
mia kuwatano. Percentage, fayida,

Centenary, n. (siku kuu ya uku”
mbusho killa mwaka wa mia).

Centipede, n. Zaandu.

Central, a. -a katikati haswa, -a kati;
(essential) -£44,-a maana.

Centre, n. palipo katikati haswa, |

kati; (attractive object) cha

piece of door, mfaa we)

Century, n. muda wa miaka mia.

Cereal, a. -a nafaka, kama nafaka.

Ceremonious, 2. -4 adabu, -a he-
Shima ; -a heshima nyingi mno.

Ceremony, Ceremonial, n. matendo
ya ibada, kawaida za kufanya dini,
malengeneo, uzuri, heshima. Do
not stand upon ceremony, st fanya
haya, sema wast.

Certain, a. yakini, kweli, halisi,
thabiti; (particular) -moja, -a
namna, -a mtindo, -loamriwa,
Jullani. A certain spot, place,
mahali fullani, palipoamriwa. A
certain man, or thing, mtu mmoja,
kitu kimoja. In a certain degree
(sense), kadiri, nussu, Si sana,
kwa kadiri yake. To make
certain, hakiki, hakikia. We
are certain to go, hakika yetu
tutakwenda, hatuna buddi kwenda,
shartt tuende. Feel certain, jua
sana, ona hakika, tumat.

Certainly, adv. naam, ndio, ina
shallah, yakini, pasipo shaka, ha-

Certainty, n. yakini, hakika, kweli.
It is a dead certainty, #akuna
shaka kabisa.

Certificate, n. [hati ya kuthubutisha
jambo) sahths, kol, mathubutu.

Certify, v. (make certain) thudbu-
tisha, yakinisha, fanyisa kweli; .
(attest) 4373, sahikisha.

Cessation, n. ukomo, mwisho, pu-
mziko.

Cession, n. kutoa, kusalimu.

Cesspool, n. shimo la takataka na
mavi, choo.

Ohafe, v. sugua, chubua; (annoy)
sumbua, washa.

Chaff, n. kapi | ma-J; (of rice) Aumuz,
wishwa ; (jokes) ubishi, upuzi.

Chagrin, n. uchungu, chuki.

Ohain, n. mnyororo Mary (orna-
mental) mkufu (mi- |; (of events,

Sc.) mambo mengi yaktfuatana,

mafuatano. Door chain, /2sa.

chain of mountains (lakes, villages,
E 2

CHAIR

- &c.), milima | masiwa, miji, Sc. |
mingi moja kwa moja,
milima.

Chair, n. £2¢¢ [vz-]. Be in the chair,
= be Chairman.

Chairman, n. [mkuu wa baraza, wa

' mkutano), mkubwa.

Chalice, n. (kikombe cha Usharika
Mtakatifu |.

Chalk, n. chakt.

Challenge, v. taka shart; (toagame) |

sat, ifa kuja kushindana, shi-
ndanisha ; (guestion, deny) kana,

n
pes n. maneno [hats] ya kutaka
shari, &c. (Tas. Challenge, v.).

Chamber, n. chumba([vy-|; (cavity)
kitundu, mvungu; (co council) ba-
yaza.

Chamberlain, n. msimamizi wa
nyumba.

Chameleon, n. kinyonga.

Champ, v. (| frast | tafuna.

Champagne, n. (mvinyo mzuri wa
kifransa|).

Champion, n. shujaa, mwenyi kupi-
gania, mshindani; (first in skill,
&c.) bora halisi, wa kwanza,
mtangulizi.

Chance, n. bahatt, nasibu, kikuli;
(opportunity) #afasi. There is no
chance of it, katwezekant. The
chances are against going, shidda
kwenda. He lost his chance of,
hakutumia bahate. A happy
chance, dahati ya heri, kikutichema,
ndege njema. Game of chance,
bahati. Take one’s chance, tumia
bahati, bahatisha. Have a chance,
pata nafasi, jaliwa, pata.

—v. Zukia, -wa, tokea; (risk)
bahatisha, tumia bahali. Chance
upon, kuta.

Chancel, n. (upand wa kanisa palipo

mathbahu |.
Chancellor, n. kathi mkuu, mkuu.
Chancery, n. baraza ya kathi mkuu.
Chandelier, n. | mwango wenyi mesh-
maa nyingt |, thurea.
Change, v. geusa, badilisha, badilt,
. (neut.) geuka, badilika; (money)

52

milima |

| CHARGE

vunja. Change mind, change
round to, zingatia.
Change, n. mageuzi, mabadtl ;

(coins) pesa, sarafu.

Changeable (Be), v. dadtlibadil:.

Changeableness, n. ugeuzi, kali ya
kubadilibadili, mageuzi mengi.

Channel, n.| panapopita majiao mlo|,
njia ya maji, njia, mfereji (mi-),
mfumbi (mi- |); (medium, means)
njia.

Chant, v. imba,

n. «tbo |ny-).

Chanticleer, n. jogoo [ma-], jimbi.

Chaos, n. machafuko matupu.

Chapel, n. kikanisa [vé-].

Chaplain, n. kasisi wa nyumba
(wa merikebu, wa asikari, Stc.).

Chaplet, n. Zaji | ya maua|.

Chapter, n. |wakubwa wa Cathe-

dral]; (of book) sura, mlango
aa (Ar.) bab
Char, v. unguza, choma.
Character, n n. sifa, moyo, tabia,

ginsi; (high character) sifa njema,
wema ; (written) #arufu, alama,
tarakimu, mwandiko, choro|ma- |);
(stamped) chapa ; (condition) kazi,
cheo, kazi. A character, man of
character, mfu hodari, mtu wa
poke yake, mtu haba.

Characteristic, a. -a kifu fullani
peke yake, -a namna, -a peke yake.
It is characteristic of him, ndto kasi
yake, namna yake, sifa yake haswa.

Characterize, v. ¢leza habari ya,
pambanua, fafanusha, ainisha,

Charade, n. (mchezo kama kitenda-
wilt, mtego |.

Charcoal, n. makaa [ya mti).
piece of charcoal, kaa.

Charge, v. (command) agiza, amuru,
wekea; (gun) shindilia; (exact)
tosa, lipiza ; (accuse) shtaks, tia ha-
tiyant, sula; (attack) endea kwa
nguvu, shambulia; (fill) shindilia,
jaza. I solemnly charge you,
nakupa wosia wangu.

—— n. agizo ([ma-|, amri, wosia;
(care) funza; (cost) kima, thas
mani, gharama; (in war) kuendea,

A

CHARGEABLE

- shambulio; (of gun) kiasi cha bu-
nduki, shindilio [ma-]; (accusa-
tion) sashtaka, masuto ; (trust) kifu
cha kutunzwa, amana, tunu. It
is in my charge, nimewekewa,
mimeamriwa, ni kasi yangu, ni
Juuyangu. Givein charge, funga,
salimisha kwa asikari. Lay to
one'scharge, pakiza, pakilia, wekea,
tia. Without any charge, Pasipo
hesabu, burre, billa kulipa.

Chargeable (Be), v. pastwa, patéli-
swa.

Charger, n. frasi wa vila; (large
dish) kombe (ma. |).

Chariot, n. gari: la vita (la fahari),

gari kubwa na zuri.

Charitable, a . -pajt, -ema, enyi
huruma,

Charity, n. upaji wa sadaka, wema,
ukarimu; (compassion) Auruma,
upendo, upendano.

Charm, n. falasimu (ma-), hirist;
(beauty) uzuri; (grace)

kaiba; (agreeableness) mapendezi.

—— v. (please) pendeza mno; (at-
tract) vuta kwa uzuri; (bewitch)
Janyia uchawi, loga.

Chart, n. ramani | ya bakari).

Oharter, n. hati, kol, mkataba.

Charwoman,n. mwanamke kibarua,
mtumishi wa nyumbani.

Chary, n. -enyi choyo, bakhili, -a
kunyima, -chache.

Chase, v. winda, saka; (drive away)

fukuza.

(hunt) wwindo; (pursuit)
kufuata; (game) nyama ya ku-
winda. Give chase, fuata.

Chasm, n. shimo [ma-|, bonde, ufa
(nyufa |) mkubwa, genge [ma- ].

Chaste, a. safi, -takatifu, -ta wa.

Chasten, v. rudi, ongoza.

Chastise, v. athibu, vrudt, piga.

Chastity, n. utakatifu, usafi, uta wa.

Chat, v. omgea, sumguniza.

——— 1. MAONLlEZ1, MAZUMLUMZO.

Chattels, n. vyombo, vifaa, mapambo
ya nyumba.

Chatter, v. pusa, pusika, payapaya,
payuka. His teeth chattered with

53

CHERISH

cold, meno yakamtetemeka kwa

baridi,

Chatter, n. spusi, Vijineno, maneno
ya burre.

Chatterbox, Chatterer, n. mpuzi

[wa-], mpayukaji [wa-], mlimi

[ wa- .
Cheap, a. rahisi, hafifu, A cheap
victory, kushinda billa kazi.

Cheapen, v. 7ahisisha, punguza bes.

Cheapness, n. vrahisi.

Cheat, v. danganya, punja, kalam-
kia, kopa.

— n. ayari, mkopi, mdanganifu,
mjanja.

Check, v. zuza, simamisha, pinga ;
(mark off) #2a alama, andika.

N. S3420 [ma-], kizuio'; (pattern)
macho, kazi ya macho; (money
order), Zas. Cheque.

Checkmate, n. mwisho, pigo la
mwisho.

v. shinda kabisa, ua, funga bao.

Cheek, n. chafu | ma-J; (by cheek-
bone) kitefute.

Cheer, v. furahisha, changa’msha,
telemesha, -pa moyo, kunjua uso,
ondolea husunt ; ; (shout) piga
[ Pigia) makelele ya salamu | ya fu-
raha |, fanya salamu.

n. (shout) ke/ele la salamu | ya
furaha); (food) vyakula.

Cheerful, Cheery, a. -kunjufu, -a
furaha. Be cheerful, changa mka,
telemeka.

Cheerfulness, n. ukunjufu.

Cheerless, a. fasipo furaha, -siki-
tifu, -baya.

Cheese, n. /j:bin:.

Chemise, n. (nguo ya mwanamke
kama kanzu).

Chemist, n. mwenyi climu ya
Chemistry.

Chemistry, n
vyo vyote |.

Cheque, n. tawala, hati ya fetha,
hundi.

Cheguered, a. -a marakaraka;
(changing) -a mabadili mengi.

Cherish, v. ‘unza, linda, “isha,

chunga.

n. elimu ya asili ya vitu

CHERRY:

Cherry, n. [tunda dogo jekundu la
Ulaya).

Cherub, n. malaika, mtoto mzuri.

Chess, n. safaranjt.

Chest, n. kifua; (of animal) kidari;
(large box) sanduku[ma-}. Chest
complaint (illness), mafua.

Chestnut, n. (tree, fruit) | mali mmoja
wa Ulaya na tunda lake; (colour)
yangi kama nyekundu |.

Chew, v. fafuna.

Chick, Chicken, n. kifaranga [vi-]
cha kuku.

Chicken-hearted, a. -oga.

Chicken-pox, n. ftiwanga.

Chide, v. (p. t..za pf. t. Chid) ka-
ripa, kemea, ambilia.

Chief, n. jumbe | ma-,) mfalme |wa-),
mkuu |wa-).

kuu, -kubwa, bora, -a
kwansa.

Chiefly, adv. zayidi, haswa.

Chieftain, n. Zaz. Chief.

Chieftainship, Chieftainoy, n.c722,
ujumbe, ukuu.

Chilblain, n,jipu|(ma-).

Ohild, n. (pl. Children) mtoto [wa-],
mwana | wa-), kitoto |vi-), kijana
[wé-]. From a child, tangu utoto.
Haveachild,saa, jifungua. Bewith
child, chukua mimba, -wa mzito, _

Childbirth, n. uzasz.

Childhood, n. #fofo.

Childish, a. -pusi, si akili, -singa,
-a kitoto.

Childless, a. Pasipo mtoto; (barren)
lassa.

Childlike, a. -a kitoto, kama mtoto,
-ttt, pasipo hatiya, -stkifu.

Children, pl. ya Child.

Chill, n. baridi.

——— v. tia baridi; (depress) /egeza,
shusha moyo.

—— a, -4 baridi.

Chilly, n. pilipili hoho.

—— a. -a baridi.

Chime, n. sauti za kengele | zikipigwa

' Zaratibu|.

——v. ka [lisa] kengele nyingi
vizuri,

Chimerical, a. kupila kiasi, pasipo

—— A.

54

CHORD

akili, -kubwa mno, kama ndoto,
kama wazimu.

Chimney, n. dokani, bomba.

Chimpanzee, n. (nyani mkubwa |.

Chin, n. kidevu.

China, n. (country) Sina ; (material)
udongo msuri, kauli; (articles)
vyombo vya udongo mzuri | vya
kauli).

Chinese, a. -a Sina, kisina.

Chink, n. ufa [nyufa), kiufa ; (mlio
kama wa pesa stkigongana),.

Chints, n. | nguo yenyi rangi), shitti.

Chip, v. 4atia,. kata kidogokidogo.

—— n. kipande kidogo, chenge, ki-
banzsi.

Chirp, n. [mito wa ndege).

—— v. ka. kama ndege.

Chisel, n. pafas:t ; (mortising) juba.

——v. kata kwa Chisel; (cheat)
punja, kopa.

Chivalrous, a. -shujaa, -a adili, -a
heshima.

Chivalry, n. mashujaa wa zamani;
(mounted nobles) wakubwa wapa-
nda frasi,wenyi frasi; (nobleness)
ushujaa, utu bora, adili,

Chloroform, n. (dawa ya kutia usi-
ngisi kwa kunusa).

Choice, n. thtiart, nathari, chaguo.
—— a. -2urt, bora, -teule, -a kucha-
guliwa. A choice thing, sz.

Choir, n. jamii ya waimbaji.

Choke, v. kaba, songa roho, sama,
suza pumuzi ; (fill up) songa, ziba,
jaa tele katika; (neut.) songwa roho.

Choler, n. hasira, chuki.

Cholera, n. kipindupindu, wadbba,
tauni.

Choleric, a, -efesi kwa hasira, -a
chuki.

Choose, v. (p. t. Chose, pf. t.
Chosen) chagua, pambanua, teua,
taka. You must choose, natharé
kwako, thttart yako, chagua wee.

Chop, v. tata, chanja. Chop about,
be chopping and changing, geuka
geuka, singasinga.

— n. kipande cha nyama.

Choral, a. -a waimbaji; -a kuimba.

Chord, n. [4ngunyo la sauté nyingi

CHORISTER
Pamoja); (string) usi [wa kinanda,

Chorister, n. mtotlo [wa-] mwi-
mbaji.

Chorus, n. [watu wengi wakiimba
pamoja); (refrain) | #ussu ya uimbo
yenyi kuimbwa marra kwa marra).
Sing the chorus, s¢zhza.

Chose, p. t. Chosen, pf.t. ya Choose.

Chrism, n. (mafuta matakatifu ya
tbada).

Christ, n. Masiya (Ar. Masiha),
Kristu,

Christen, v. = Baptize.

Christendom, n. jamti ya mataifa
walio Wamasthiya.

Christian, n. -masihiya, -a kima-
sthiya, -kristu.

Christianity, n.dini ya kimasihiya,
umasihiya, ukristu.

Christianize, v. ongoza kuwa Wama-
sthiya, fanya -masihtya.

Christmas, Christmas Day, n. siku
kuu ya Kuzaliwa Masiya, siku
ya asharini na tano ya mwezi
December.

Christmas-boz, n. ada ya Christ-
mas, bakshishi, siku kuu, idi.

Chronic, n. -enyi kukaa sana, -sto-
#sha, -stotulta.

Chronicle, n. chuo cha tarihi | cha
mambo ginsi yafuatanavyo siku
kwa siku |.

v. andika habari ya mambo

taratibu, andika tarihi.

Chronology, n. (elimu ya miaka ya
mambo yafuatanavyo), wakali,
taratibu ya mtaka.

Chronometer, n. [saa ya kupimia
vipindi halisi vya wakatt |.

Chrysalis, n. 7az. Larva.

Chuckle, v. /2a [Lama kuku\; (laugh
quietly) Jichehkelea.
Church, n. (society) kanisa [ma-]
[jamaa ya watu wote walio Wama-
sthiya, jamaa ya Wamasthiya ma-
halt pamoja, ao wenyi kupatana
kwa imani na dini); (building)
kanisa | ma-|.

Churchman, n. [mtu wa Kanisa la
kimasihiya ).

55

CIRCUMNAVIGATE

‘Churchwarden, n. (msimamizi (wa-)
wa kanisa |.

Churchyard, n. [wwanza wa kanisa;
palipo makaburi |).

Churl, n. mshenzi, mtu wa kima-
shamba, st adabu.

Churlish, a. asipo adabu, kima-
shamba, -a Churl,

Churn, v. sukasuka maziwa jus
kugandamisha, kufanya samli |.

n. chombo cha kusukia maziwa;
kinu.

Cicatrice, n. kovu [ma-].

Cider, n. fombe ya Apples.

Cigar, n. sigari.

Cigarette, n. sigarefi.

Cinder, n. jifu | ma- ); makaa.

Cingalese, n. -4 Selan (Ceylon).

Cinnabar, n. sangefurt.

Cinnamon, n. (tree) mdalasini.

Cipher, n. (figure) sifuru, harufu
ya hesabu; (trifle) kama st kifu;
(secret writing) mwandiko wa siri,

mbo.
Circle, n. mviringo, duara; (ring)

pete; (group) jamii ya watu.
Vicious circle (in argument), koja

ya burre. Argue ina circle, rudia
mwanzo, si pata njia.
v. zunguka.

Circuit, n. 2unguko, njia ya ku-
zunguka.

Circuitous, a.-akusungukasunguka,
-a kupotoka.

Ciroular, a. -4 mviringo, mduara.

— n. kati ya kueneza habari.
Circulate,v. eneza,tangaza,vumisha;
(neut.) zunguka, enea, vumika.
Circulation, n. mazunguko, ma-
enezo, maeneo; (currency) fetha;
(of blood) (damu kupita ndani ya
mishipa, kutoka moyoni na kurudia
humo).
Circumcise, v. fahire.
Circumcision, n. ¢ohara.
Circumference, n. kivimba, mstart
wa kuzunguka, mzingo.
Circumlocution, n. maneno MENGI,
maneno ya kuzungusha.
Cironmnavigate > Vv. zunguka kwa
merikebu

CIRCUMSCRIBE

Circumscribe, v. andika [weka, tia|
mpaka, funga, zuia.

Circumspect, a. -angulifu, -a ha-
thari.

Circumspection, n. uangalifu, ha-
thart, bidtt, tunza.

Circumstance, n. jambo (mambo).
Circumstances, Aa/i; (good, easy)
utajiri, ungwana; (poor) uma-
sikini, uhitajt.

Circumstantial, a. thahsri, halisi,
-enyt hakika; (evidence) sé ha-
list, st -enyi hakika.

Circumstantiate, v. ¢thudutisha,
fanya hakika, sahihisha, onyesha.

Circumvallation, n. boma la ku-
zunguka mji.

Circumvent, v. punja, danganya,
hadaa, karamkia, kopa.

Circus, n. #wanda wa kuchezea,
kilinge; (travelling) | jamii ya
watu wazungukao kuonyesha mi-
chezo yao), tamasha.

Cistern, n. (masonry) birika [ya
maji, Sc.); (wood or iron) Zangi
{ma-}.

Citadel, n. ngome [ndani ya mji).

Citation, n. hati, barua | yenyi
nguvu ya kumwita mtu mbele ya
kathi}; (mention) kutaja, kunena.

Cite, v. zia | mbele ya kathi ao walt);
(quote) ena, taza.

Citizen, n. mkaa mji |wa-|, mtu wa
mji, mwenyeji (w-].

Citizenship, n. wenyeji.

Citron, n. (tree) mbalungi |mi-);
(fruit) dalunge [ma-].

City, n. mji mkubwa, mji (mi-).

Civet,n. zabada ; (civet cat) mgawa ;
(small sort) fungo.

Civic, a. -4 mji na watu wake, -a
mtu wa mji.

Civil, a. -a m7t,-a serkali; (civilized)
eakiungwana; (polite) -eny: adabu,
-a heshima. Civil war| vita ya watu
wa kabila moja kupigana wao kwa
wao) wita ya ndugu, vita mjini.
Civil service, kaz: ya serkali.

Civilian, n. (asiye asikari, mtu tu;
mit wa amani, st miu wa vita).

Civility, n. adabu, heshima, sifa.

56

CLASP

Exchange civilities, sa/imiana,
amkiana, wekeana heshima. '

Civilization, n. kuloa ushenztnt,
ustaarabu, hali ya kiungwana,
ungwana.

Civilize, v. Wa ushensini, ondolea
ushenzi, tia ungwana, slaarabisha,
ongoa kwa mambo ya kiungwana
na mema.

Civilized, a, -a Civilization, -séa-

arabu.

Clack, n. kishindo.

— v. fanya kishindo, alika.

Clad, = Clothed, p. t. a pf.t. ya
Clothe.

Claim, v. (demand as right) ‘aka
haki; (in law court) dad; (assert
oneself) sinena, jtlaja, jidai.

—— n. haki, haja, madat, da wa.

Claimant, n. (mwenyi kudai ao ku-
taka haki |), mdawa | wa-|.

Clamber, v. panda |kwea) kwa
shidda.

Clammy, a. -4 kunafa, -a baridi.

Clamorous, a. -4 makelele mengi.

Clamour, n. makelele, uthia.

v. fanya makelele.

Clamp, n. gango, kigango.

— v. kasa kwa gango.

Clan, n. kabila | ma-), jamaa, udugu.

Clandestine, a. -a 5:73.

Clang, Clank, v. /ia [kama vyuma
vikigongana, kama minyororo).

—— n. sauti ya Olang.

Clanship, n. «fanz, udugu.

Clansman, n. mtlani, ndugu.

Clap, n. kishindo cha ghdfala | kama
ngurumo\; (with hands) oft; (of
thunder) radi, mshindo wa ngu-
Tumo.

—— v. (the hands) figa makofi; (put
hastily) ia upesi.

Claret, n. divat.

Clarify, v. safisha.

Clarion, n. baragumu.

Clash, n. magongano, |mshindo
kama wa vyuma vikigongana\.

—— v. gongana kwa shindo, suiana.

Clasp, v. kumbatia, ambatiza, shika,
kamata; (enclose with hand, arms)

Sumbata. . j

CLASP

Clasp, n. kifungo, bizimu.

Clasp-knife, n. kisu [vi-] cha ku.
kunja.

Class, n. darasa [ma-]; (kind)
namna, ginsi, aina; (rank) cheo,
daraja; (collection) Jamii ya vitu
vyenyt namna moja). Hold a
class, durusi, somesha. ..

— Vv. andika taratibu, panga kwa
tofauti ya ginsi zao, "ainisha, to-
autisha, gawanya.

Classic, a. bora, -zuri sana. The
Classics [waandisht ao maandiko
bora, haswa ya Wayonani na Wa-
vyumi\, vilabu viteule vyenyi
ufasaha.

Classical, a. = Classic; -a Clas-
sics.

Classification, n. ugawanyo, utofau-
tisho, kufanya Class.

Classify,v. = fanya Classification.

Clatter, n. sauti ya vitu vikigongana
(kama sahani), makelele.

—— v. zia, toa Clatter.

Clause, n. "fungu la maneno; (in a
law) sharti [ma-].

Clave, p. t. ya Cleave.

Claw, n. kucha [ma-|, ukucha |ku-
cha}; (of crab) gando [ma-]}.

v. papura, pelekea kucha.

Clay, n. udongo [wa kunata, haswa

wa mfinyanst |.

Clean, Cleanly,a.safi,-eupe. Make
a clean sweep, kumba.

— (Be), v. takata, safika, takasika.

——, Cleanse, v. safisha, takasa,
fanya safi; (ceremonially) exa;
(grain, corn, &c.) fwanga, menya;
(cotton, cloves) chambua; (cocoa-
nuts) fua; (fish, copal, by scrap-
ing) faa; (out of a shell) komba.

— adv. pza, kabisa.

Clear, a. thahirt, wazi, -eupe, safi,
-angafu. Clear gain, fayida tupu.
A clear head, akili nzuri. Clear
style (of writing, &c.), nahau.
Clear case, jambo wazi. It is quite
clear, zzeclea. Clear weather, 4u-
metakata, Clear of, pasipo, mbali
na, billa.

a—— v. fanya safi, takasa, onya wast

57

CLIMA TIC

[Awa kuondoa vitu, mashaka, zuio,
hatiya); (jump over) raka juu,
pita; (make gain) fayidi; (landy
Jyeka, fanya shamba. Clear out,
clear off, kumba -ote; (depart)
ondoka. “Make clear, fanya safi,
eleza, thihirisha, bainisha, kunjua.
Speak clearly, fambazsua maneno.
Be clear (intelligible), elea, e/ekea.

Clearance, Clearing, n. gzeupe.
Make a clearing, fanya shamba,
Syeka msitu.

Clearness, n. weupe, uthahiri, wa-
ngafu.

Cleave, v. (p. t. Cleft, Clove, pf. t.
Cleft, Oloven) jpasua, kata.
Cleave to, ambatana na, ambata,
shikamana na, ganda.

Oleft, p. t. ya Cleave (Pasua).

—— nn. ufa (nyufa); shimo (ma-}.

Clemency, n. kuruma, usamehe,
upole, utu mwema.

Clement, a. -exy: huruma, -pole.

Clergy, n. (wenyi daraja katika
Kanisa la kimasthiya, ndio askofu,
kasisi, shemasi ; mapadre).

Clergyman, n. mmoja wao Clergy,
padre | ma- |).

Clerical, a. -a Clergy. Clerical
error (kosa la kufuatisha vibaya |.

Clerk, n. karani.

Clerkship, n. kazi ya karani, uka-
yani,

Clever, a. -enyi akili, hodart, -ju-
zt, bingwa, drifu. A clever me-
chanic, warta, Hit on a clever
plan, gundua akili.

Cleverness, n. aki/t, ujuzi, Sc.

Click, n. sautz ya kualika | kama ya
mtambo wa bunduki), kidoko.

v. toa sauti ya Click, Piga | ki-
doko.

Client, n. | kaswa atumaye mdai; wa
kumtetea kwa kathi); (follower)
mfuasi | wa- |), rafiki ma-}.

Chiff, n. jabali [ma-], mlima (m#-],
palipochongoka, genge | ma- |.

Climate, n. Zabia [halt] ya inchi
[kama yenyi moto, baridt, kiu,
mvua, hewa nzuri ao mbaya).

Climatic, a. -a Climate,

CLIMAX |

Climax, n. mwisho, kikomo, kipeo,
mpaka, pasipopitilika.

Climb, v. panda kwa shidda, kwea,
(a tree) faraga. Means of climb-
ing, pandio (ma-). Climbing
plant, mmelea | mi- |.

Clinch, v. kasa kwa msumari, kaza
sana; (an argument) ¢hudutisha,
hakikisha, kata. A_ clinching
statement, meno mkataa.

Cling, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Clung) amba-
ta, shtkta, nata. Cling together,
ambatana, fungamana, shikama-
na. Cling to, shikamana na,
ganda, tabiki.

Clink, n. [sauté kama Clank, #/a ya
vitu vidogo).

— v. fanya Olink.

Clip, v. katia, (hair) nyoa; (curtail)

nguza.

n. mbano | mi-|, kibano |vi-).
Clique, n. chama, jamii (ya wat
wenyi shauri si jema).
Cloak, n. (wasi la kuvaa nje, kama

Joho), kifuniko.

—— Vv. setiri, ficha, funika.

Clock, n. saa | ya kupimia wakati,
kubwa, si ya mfukoni). What
o'clock is it? Saa ngapi? Two
o'clock, Saa nane.

Clod, n. pumba [ma-].

Clog, v. gandiza, tatanisha, zuia.

n. kiatu cha mti |vi-), mtaa-
wanda |mi- |).

Cloister, n. | ujia wenyi matao mengi
kuzunguka behewa ao uwanda).
Cloister life, (Aali ya wata'wa
ndani ya Monastery |.

Close, adv. karibu, papo kwa papo;
(much) sana.

a. (near) karibu ; (shut up, nar-

row, Sc.) pasipo mlango, pasipo

nafasi, pasipo hewa, -embamba,

-liofungwa, -liokasana; (miserly)

bakhili ; (reserved) -nyamafu, ba-

ridi. Be close (tight), sakr, kaza.

A close room, chumba chenyt

joto, kistchopisha hewa. A close

friend, msiri. A close prisoner,
mfungwa halisi. It is close to-
day, jasho leo, kumetanda, Close

58

CLOUD

quarters, nafasi .hapana, kusonga-
na. Close fight, vifa kali, vita ya
kusogeana, kufanya vita karibu.
Come close, karibu, sogea karibu,
karibia, jongelea, It is a close fit,
tnakaza, inasaki. Cut close, hata
sana. A close argument, maneno
halisi, hoja ya nguvu. A close
vessel, chombo kilechosibika.

Close, n. (end) mwisho, kikomo; (en-
closure) uwanja.

——v. funga,(neut.)zska; (eye,mouth,
Sc.) fumba ; (fist) fumbata; (door)
sindtka; (book) funtka; (fill up)
ziba; (finish) maliza; (close up,
enclose) funga, zunguka. Close
with, (agree) kubali, patana, (in
strife) songa; (end) tskza. Close
up, come close, songana, kari-
biana,

Closely, adv. karibu; sana, kwa
bidii, halisi.

Closeness, n. kuwa Close ; (heat)
Joto, jasho.

Closet, n. kijumba ; (privy) choo.

Closure, n. kukatiza maneno | katika
baraza |.

Clot, n. donge | ma- |, tungama, vilio
(ma-). The blood is clotted, damu
imefanya madonge, imegandama,
tmetungama.

Cloth, n. mguo, kitambaa ; (woollen)
Joho; (linen) kitani; (calico) nguo,
Amerthani, Ulaytti; (blue) &a-
niki; (yellow Indian) Authurunge ;
(of gold) zari. Loin cloth, shuka,
dott, Turban cloth, kitambi (2-1;
(Indian) ukumbuu | kumbuu). Ta-
ble-cloth, Zandiko la meza, nguo ya
meza.

Clothe, v. zika; (issue clothes to)
visha. Clothe oneself, waa, sivalia.

Clothes, n. mavazi, nguo; (bed-
clothes) matandiko ya kitanda.

Clothier, n. (mfanyiza ao mwusa

nguo |.

Clothing, n. "240, Mavazi, mavao.

Cloud, n. wingu (ma- |; (rain) gku-
bari [ma-]; (scattered) mavunde-
vunde; (crowd) kundi kubwa;
(fear, sorrow, &c.) yambo la hofu

CLOUD

' [ogofya, msiba, kupotewa akili).
Under a cloud, aibuni, hatiyant.
Rise in clouds (as dust), Zefuka.

Cloud, v. tia kivuli | giza); (grieve)

husunisha. It has clouded over,
kumetanda.
Cloudless, a. gzfasipo mawingu.

A cloudless sky, kumetakata sana.
Cloudy, a. -enyt mawingu [ma-
vunde|. It is cloudy, kumetanda,

Clove, p.t. ya Cleave.

—— n. (tree) mkarafuu oS (bud)
karafuu; (stalk) kikonyo | vi-).

Cloven, a. (foot) -enyi kwato mbili.

— pf. t. ya Cleave | pasua).

Clover, n. [maua madogo ya Ulaya,
malamu sana). Live in clover,
Jikalia, jifurahtsha, kaa anasa
(naisha njema).

Clown, n. (boor) mfu wa kima-
shamba; (jester) mfanya ubishi
mwingi, mchekeshaji.

Clownish, a. -4 kimashamba, -sio
dabu

a .

Cloy, v. kinaisha, chosha,

Club, n. chama, shirika la watu;
(thick stick) rungu [ma-], gongo
[ma-], kibarango |vi-); (club-
house) nyumba ya watu wa chama
[va kukaa na kula pamoja),
nyumba ya kula bia, kdlabi,
Form a club, fanya | kula | bia.

—— together, v. fafana, shari-
kiana, changa.

Club-foot, n. kupindana mguu.

Cluck, n. (mito wa kuku kwa vifa-
range vyake).

-——— v. fanya Cluok.

Clue, n. (ball) donge[ma-]; (sign) da-
lilt (ya kuonyesha njia ao maana,
&c.], kifunguo, kionyo, kidokezt.

Clump, n. Jungu, jamii; (of trees)
kichaka

Clumsy, a A ait, jinga, -a kijinga.

Clung, p. t. sa pf. t. ya Cling.

Cluster, n. shada, kishada, taw3;
(group) kundi; (of stars) thurea.

Clutch, v. kaba, kamala sana, shika
sana, shikilia.

Coach, n. gari [kubwa la frasi
wa nne).

59

COCOA-NUT

Coachman, n. gariwaila, sats.

Coadjutor, h. mshartht kasi, msayt-
dia, mwenzi.

Coagulate, v. gundamana, tungama.

Coal, n. makaa (mawe). Live coals,
makaa ya moto. Dead coals,
makaa ya zimwe.

—— v. pakia makaa (mertkebunt).

Coalesce, v. [mix] changanyika,
tangamana; (join in one) -wa
halt moja, patana, fanya shauri
moja.

Coalition, n, mapatano, shirika, ma-

afikano.
Coarse, a. -gumu, -nene, -2ilo, -a
kuparuza; (rude) sé adabu,
shenzi,

Ooast, n. ukingo wa bahari, karibu
na bahari, upande wa pwani;
(beach) ufuko, pwani. (Opposite
Zanzibar) Mrima.

— v. pita pwani kwa pwani.

Coat, n. [wazt la kizungu, hoti|;
(of animals) ngozi, manyoya; (outer
cover) kifuniko, ya nje.

— v. funika, tia nje.

Coax, v. bembeleza, vuta, shawishi.

Coazing, n. ubembe, ushaushi.

Cob, n. (of maize) gunzi [ma-];
(horse) frasi mfupi mnene.

Cobble, v. Zengeneza viatu | istvyo
visure |.

Cobbler, n. mshona viatu.

Cobweb, n. utando wa buibui,

Cock, n. jogoo [ma-}, jimbi [ma-};
(young) pora; (male bird) ndege
ndume; (tap) bifula. Cock's
comb, upanga. Cock's wattles,

“nde

— simikisha; (a gun) panza
mtambo.

Cockade, n. kishada.

Cock-crow, n. saa ya kuwika jogoo,
alfajiri.

Cockles, n. kombe za pwani.

Cockney, n. mtu wa London;
mwana mji, mtu wa anasa, mjiona.

Cockroach, n. mende.

Cocoa-nut, n. (tree) mnazi [me-];
(ripe nut) azi; (nut with milk)
dafu [ma-). Leaf, (one) kuti

~ COCOON 60

[wea-]; (for thatch) makuti, makuli

- ya viungo; (for screen, enclosure)
makuti ya kumba. Fibre, coir,
makumbi; (cleaned) usumba.
Shell, kifuu. Milk, maji. Copra,
mbata, nazi kavu. Oil, mafuta ya
nazi. Oily juice for cooking, tz.
Grated nut, chicha.

Cocoon, n. kifukofuko, nyumba ya
mdudu.

Cod, n. (samaki wa Ulaya).

Coddle, v. engaenga.

Code, n. ketabu cha sheria, sheria
jamii, kawaida.

Cosrce, v. /azimisha, shurutisha,

. Zia nguvu |lazimu, sharti), zuia
kwa nguvu.

Coercion, n. /azimu, shartt, nguvu.

Coercive, a. -4 Cosrcion, -@ kula-
zimisha, -a nguvu.

Coeval, a. sawasawa zamani, wakali
mmoja, siku zile zile.

Coexist, v. -wapo pamoja, kaa
sawasawa | wakati mmoja |.

Coexistence, n. kuwapo pamoja.

Coexistent, a. -a wakati mmoja,
‘pamoja, sawasawa.

Coextensive, a. -enyt eneo sawa,
-kubwa sawasawa.

Coffee, n. (plant) mbuni [mz-];
(berry) buni; (made) kahawa.

Coffee-pot, n. mdila. Coffee-house,
mkahawani,

Coffer, n. sanduku, kasha kubwa.

Coffin, n. sanduku la kuzikia miu,
Jeneza.

Cog, n. | jino la gurudumu).

Cogency, n. nguvu.

Cogent, a. -a nguvu, -enyi sharti, -a
lazimu,

Cogitate, v. fikiri, ku-
mbuka,

Cogitation, n. fikara, wazo [ma-]}.

Cognate, a. -a namna | jamaa, aina)
moja.

Cognition, n. ufahamu, kuona, wazo
(mar).

Cognizance, n. kuangalia, kuta-
mbua. It was not within his cog-
nizance, hakutangalia, hatkuju-
lika naye.

WAZa,

COLLATION

Cog-wheel, n. gurudumu la meno-
meno.

Cohabit, v. :ngilizana, kaa nyumba
moja.

Cohere, v. shikamana, fungamana ;
(agree together) #ingana, patana.
Coherence, n. (firmness) ugumu,
kushikamana ; (agreement) ulinga-

nifu, kupatana.

Coherent, a. (connected) -a kufunga-
mana, -a kushikamana ; (agreeing
with) -a@ kulingana; (rational) -@
maana, -a akili.

Cohesion, n. kama Coherence.

Coil,n. pindi [ma-]; (difficulty) #za-
tatano, mashaka.

—— vy. kunja, piga pindi.

Coin, n. fetha yenyi chapa; (small)
sarafu, pesa.

v. fanyiza Coin; (invent) buni;
tunga, zua.

Coinage, n. fetha yenyi chapa, fetha.

Coincide, v. /ingana, patana, -wa
sawa.

Coincidence, n. ##inganifu, usawa
[mambo mawili yakipatana kwa
nasibu, ajabu), mkutano.

Ooir, n. makumbi.

Colander, n. kung'ulo | ma-).

Cold, n. baridi. Cold (in the head),
makamasi; (in the chest) mafua.
I have a cold, siwezi kamasi.

a.-a baridi; pasipo bidii | upendo,
shauko, faraja), Become cold,
pata baridi, poa, zizima. Leave
out in the cold, ¢harau, st angalia,
tenga. In cold blood, makusudi,
pasipo haraka, kwa ukali tu.

Colic, n. maumizo | msokolo, msongo |
ya tumbo.

Collapse, v. angamia, stmia, an-
guka.

—— n. kuangamia, maangamizi, &c.

Collar, n. utepe |mkufu, ukanda)
wa shingo; (ring) pete.

Collar-bone, n. mtulinga.

Collate, v. #nganisha, pambanisha.

Collateral, 2. -a upande, -ngine
kama sawa, st halisi.

Collation, n. kulinganisha ; (meal)
chakula, kifungua kinwa.

COLLEAGUE

Colleague, n. mwenzi [wenzi|, mshi-
rtki (wa-). |

Collect, v. kusanya, leta pamoja;
(neut.) kusanyika, kutanika, ku-
fana; (money, men, &c.) changa.

—— n. sala ya dini.

Collected, a. asipo fathaa, macho
makavu, moyo thabiti, -tultvu.
Collection, n. ukusanyo; (assem-
blage) mkutano, jamii ; (offertory)
sadaka ya kanisani; (contribution)
Jetha ya kuchanga, mchango wa
Jetha. Make a miscellaneous col-

lection of, anganya.

Collective, a. -ofe pamoja, jumla,
Jamtt, -a wole pamoja.

Collector, n. mchanga fetha, mtoza
ushuru; (clerk) karani.

Collegs, n. (nyumba mkaamo wa
anafunsi wengi pamoja); (large
school) madrasa kubwa; (society)
chama, jamii.

Collegiate, a. -a College.

Collide, v. gongana, pambana.

Collier, n. | mfanya kazi ya kuchimba
ao kuchukua makaa, jahazi ya ku-
pakia makaa|, kibarua.

Colliery, n. shkimo la makaa.

Collision, n. magongano, mpambano;
(antagonism) ushindani, vita, ku-
bishana.

Colloguial, a. -2 kimashamba, “baya,
st fasihi. -

Colloguy, n. mazumgumso, maneno.

Collusion, n. hila, maafikano ya

- siri, Ujanja.

Colon, n. [dalili hits),

Colonel, n. amiri | ma- | wa asikari.

Colonial, a. -¢ Colony.

Colonist, n. mfu wa Colony.

Colonization, n. kufanya Colony.

Colonize, v. fanya Colony.

Colonnade, n. | ujia wenyi safu ya
nguzo na matao|, matao.

Colony, n. (jamii ya watu walio-

_ hama kwao kwenda kukaa pa-
ngine ; inchi walipohamia ; waha-
jiri); (collection) jamit, wengi,
A colony of insects, wadudu wengi.
England and her colonies, U/aya
Ingereza na watoto wake,

61

COME

Colossal, a. -kubwa mno.

Colossus, n. sanamu kubwa mno;
(giant) jifu, pandikizi la mtu.

Colour, n. rangi; (healthy) sso wa
afya; (appearance) sura, maana.
A man of colour, | mtu asiye mweupe
wala mzungu |,mtu mweusi. Lose
colour, chujuka,chakaa. Patch of
colour, waa [ma-].

——v. ta rangi; (alter) geuza,
vuta; (blush) geuka uso.

Coloured, a. -a rangi, -enyi rangi;
(altered) -enys kugeuzwa, st kama
kweli,

Colporteur, n. [miembeza vitabu vya
dini).

Colt, n. mwana frasi, frasi mdogo.

Column, n. nguzo, himili |(mi-),
mnara |mi-); (row) safu, (vitu
vyenyi kupangwa kwa safu, asi~
kari, harufu, sifuru, &c.).

Coma, n. kuzimia roho.

Comatose, a. -a usingizi msilo, -a
kuzimia.

Comb, n. (small) kifana; (large)
shanuu, chanuo. Cock's comb,
upanga wa jogoo, undu |ny-)
Honey-comb, mkate wa nyuki.

— v. chana, tana,

Combat, n. vita, mapigano, ushi-
ndano.

v. shindana na, pigana na;

(oppose) suza, pinga. .

Combatant, n. mpigant, mshindani.

Combination, n. mchanganyo, ma-
tangamano; (assemblage) mambo
mengi pamoja, jamis; (plan) ma-
tengeneo, shauri.

Combine, v. unga, changanya; (a-
gree) patana, wunganika, -wa
shauri moja; (include) onyesha
pamoja, kuwana... pamoja.

Combustible, a -enyi kuwaka.

Combustion, n. mwako, halt ya
kuwaka, mchomo, mwunguzo.

Come, v. (p. t. Came, pf. t. Come)
ja; (to, with, for, &c.) jia, sila;
(arrive at) wasi/i, fika. Come!
njoo! Come along! haya, twende
zetu! Come in! karibul Vee
Sc.) to come, [wakait, Sc. | ujao,

COMEDIAN

-a baadaye, halafu. Come about,
fanyika, tukia. Come across, kula,
kutana na, Come apart, katika,
vunjika, pasuka. Come at, Come
by, Come in for, fata, patra. Come
in, ingia; (be useful) faa. Come
near, karibu, karibia. jongea, fikilia.
Come of, toka kwa, -wa kwa sa-
babuya. Comeoff, (escape) kimbia,
okoka ; (take place) fanyika, -wa,
-isha; (like a stamp, plaster)
banduka. Come on, endelea; (find)
kuta, vumbua. Come out, toka,
tokea wazi, tangaa, bainika, Come
over (change), geuka, enda upande
mwingine. Come right, true, sokea
(asha) vema, sawa sawa. Come
round, strudia, tulia; (coax) bembe-
leza, danganya. Come short, pungr-
ka, -wa -chache (kidogo). Come
through, fenya, tumbuza. Come
to, pata, fika; (neut.) sirudia,
huska. Come toa head, zva. Come
to an end, #sha, koma. Come to
be, pata kuwa. Come to blows,
pigana. Come to hand, wasili.
Come to oneself, jirudia. Come
to pass, fanyika, -wa, tukia, Come
together, Autana,kusanyzka. Come
up (grow), mea, ofa; (appear) tokea.
Come upon, kufa; (surprise) gus-
dua. Come up with, patia, fikia.

Comedian, n. (mwenyi kuandika ao
kucheza Comedy |, mchesi | wa-1.

Comedy, n. (mchezo kama unyago,
Drama ya kuchekesha, wigajt).

Comeliness, n. 42474, uso, maungo.

Comely, a. -surt, -enys uso, -enyi
maungo, nakawa,

Comet, n. nyota yenyi mkia.

Comfort, v. fariji, tuliza roho, ondo-
lea huzuni, -pa mkono.

——— n. faraja, msaada, kiguzo, kitu-
liso; (ease) raha, ustarehe, anasa,
hali njema.

Comfortable (Be), v. Zengemea, le-
ngeneka; (comforting) faa, pende-
za, fariji.

Comforter, n. mfariji; (for neck)
kitambaa [cha kuvaa shingoni |).
The Comforter, Aoho Mtakatifu.

oe,

62

COMMENT

Comic, 2. -a ubishi, -chekeshaji, -&
kuchekesha, -teshteshi, -a mzaha.
Coming, n. kifiko, kuja, ujio; (man~
ner of) majilio. Coming down,

mshuko.

Comma, n. (dalili hii ,).

Command, v. (order) amuru, amri~
sha; (govern) wesa, tawala; (be
commander) -wa -enyi amri | kama
nakhotha, jemadari, &c.|, -wa
mkuu wa vita; (obtain, extort)
pata, jipatia; (front, overlook)
[-wa ma (kitu) chini ao mbele\,
elekea, kabili, The town is com-
manded by a hill, Mji ni chini ya
kilima. The hill commands a
fine view, kilima kina inchi nzuri
mbele yake.

—n. (order) amri; (authority)
utawala, hukumu, nguvu, UWeso,
ujemadari, (kitu kilicho chini ao
mbele, watu, asikari, inchi).

Commander, n. mkuu wa asikari,
Jemadari | ma- |); nakhotha.

Commanding, a. -4 NGUVU, -a juu.

Commandment, n. amri, sheria,
agizo | ma- |.

Commemorate, v. fanya ukumbusho
wa, athimisha siku kuu ya kuku,
mbuka.

Commemoration, n. ukumbusho
(kwa sala, heshima, siku kuu,
mchezo, karamu, &c. |.

Commemorative, a. -2 Commemo<
ration.

Commence, v. anza, ansisha, ma-
liki,

Commencement, n. mwanszo.

Commend, v. (praise) sifu, tukusa ;
(entrust) weka.

Commendable, a. -sfahili sifa, -sta-
hiki, -ema.

Commendation, n. sifa, barua yenyi
sifa.

Commensurable, a. -a kupimi"
kana kwa ginsi moja, -a kulinga-
na, kadiri moja.

Commensurate, a, sawa, -a kulinga-
nika.

Comment, n. ufasiri [ma-], ufafa-
nusi (ma-), eleso |ma-).

COMMENT

Comment, v. </za, fasiri.

Commentary, n. Zafsiri, mafafa-
must, maelezo, nahau.

Commerce, n. (trade) kuuza na ku-
nunua, biashara, bet, (intercourse)
INAZOES8, MAZUNGUMZO.

Commercial, a. -4 biashara, -a
uchumi. The commercial world,
watu wa biashara. Commercial
matters, dealings, mambo ya bta-
shara, Commercial morality, 5za-
shara kuwa kwa vema ao kwa
vibaya.

Commination, n. maogofya.

Commingle, v. changanya.

Commiserate, v. stkitikia, hurumia.

Commiseration, n. huruma, kust-
kitikia.

Commissariat, n. | watu wenyi kazi
ya kupatia asikari chakula, kutoa
masarifu| walishi, ulishi,

Commissary, = Commissioner.

Commission, n. (charge) agzzo
(ma-), amri; (doing) tendo, kute-
nda; (certificate) hatt yenyi nguvu,
chets; (brokerage) faytda, malipo;
(special council) | yamii ya watu
wenyi amri kwa jambo fullant];
(in army, navy, &c.) cheo cha
Officer.

—— Vv. agiza.

Commissioner, n. mwenyi kuagi-
ziwa, mwenyi amri, wakili | ma-),
mjumbe | wa-), mtumishi | wa- |.

Commit, v. (crime, &c.) tenda; (en-
trust) aminisha, weka ; (imprison)
tia kifungoni; (engage) ingiza.
Commit to memory, jifunza sana,
jifakamisha. He has committed
himself, amejitia matala, ameji-
funga. It commits him to going,
yamshurutisha kwenda. Com-
mit suicide, jiwa. Commit mur-
der, ua.

Committal, n. kutenda, &c. (Tas.
Commit).

Committee, n. (jamii ya watu
wenyi shauri, watu walioagizwa
kufanya shauri pamoja, barasa|,

Commodious, a. -enyi nafasi, -ku-

bwa, -a kufaa.

83

COMMUNION

Commodity, n. dithaa, kitu [vj-],
malt.

Common, a. -4 siku sote, -a watu
wote, -a kufuta, -a ovyo; (of little
value) rahisi, hafifu, -baya, vivi
Aivi, zizi hisi; (numerous) /azt,
tele, -ingi sana; (same in all,
general) moja, -a halt moja, sawa.
Have in common, shariki, -wa
ma... Sawa sawa wote. I have
nothing in common with him,
sina hali moja naye, sina mazoezi
naye. Out of the common, -gen#,
ajabu, st Common.

—— (Be), v. (in common use) chagu,
tapakaa, -wa jazi, -wa -ingi.

—— n. wwanja wa serkali, par
kame.

Commoner, n. mnyonge, mtu tu.

Commonly, adv. marra nyingi, de-
sturi,

Commonplace, n. (neno la kukuba-
lika na wote|; neno la burre, neno
baridi. " |

Commons (House of), n. Baraza ku-
bwa ya serkali Ingereza.

Commonwealth, n. (mji, inchi,
kabila, wenyi kujitawala pasipo
mfalme) mji, taifa, watu.

Commotion, n. (disorder, uproar)
uthia, fitina, makelele, pasiya, ki-
shindo; (violent movement), #ucha-
fuko, msukosuko.

Commune, v. ongea, sumgumsa, fa-
nya shauri pomoja.
Communicant, n. -enys kupokea

Usharika Mtakatifu. '

Communicate, v. (share) zoa, gawa-
nya, shirikisha; (report) arifu,
eleza, nena, jultsha, pelekea ha-
bari, pelekeana; (receive Holy
Communion) pokea Usharika Mla”
katifu.

Communications, n.tabari; (means
of intercourse) njia ya kupelekeana
habari, maarifa, barua.

Communicative, a. -semaji, enyi
maneno mengi, -ingi wa maneno,
wati.

Communion, n. (sharing) usharika ;
(intercourse) mazungumzo, shauri

COMMUNISM 64 COMPLAIN
moja, urafiki; (HolyCommunion)| bisa. By comparison with, kuliko,
Usharika Mtakatifu. mbele ya.

Communism, n. [shauri la kuweka
walu wote sawa kwa hali na kwa
mals \.

Community, n. [samit ya watu
wakikaa pamoja kwa hali moja);
mji |mi-), jamaa, watu wote.

Commutation, n. swbadtlisho, ba-
dala.

Commute, v. badilisha.

Compact, a. (close, firm) gumu,
-a kukazana; (strong in limb)
thabiti, -enyi maungo, sulubu.

n. maafikano, mapatano, sharti.

Companion, n. mwenzi (wens),

. wzafiki, mwandani, mwandamizi.
A proper companion, mfu wa ku-
andamana naye. He is a pleasant
companion, hana kasirani, kikao
chake chema.

Companionship, n. wenzi, urafiki,
Sc.

Company, n. jamaa, kundi (ma-];
(soldiers) kikosi (o:i-); (sailors)
ubaharia; (merchants) shirika,
washariki, kampani; (persons
present) wafu waliopo, waliohu-
thuria; (guests) wageni, watu.
Form (join, gosharesin)a company,
fanya (kula) bia. 1 want com-
pany, #ataka mwenzi. He said
before company, alisema wazt,
mbele ya watu. You are fond of
company, mazungumzo yaku-
pendeza.

Comparable, a. -a kulinganika,
kama sawa, -enyi sifa sawa, kama
mfano mmoja.

Comparative, a. -4 kulinganisha,
-a kadiri, kidogo.

Compare, v. angalia kama nt sawa,
pambanisha, linganisha, fafani-
sha, fananiska, enenza. Compare
statements, enensa maneno. Com-
pared with, kuliko, mbele ya.

Comparison, n. milinganyo, kult-
ngana, kulinganisha; (likeness)
mfano, methali, kifani. There is
no comparison between them, sz
sawa hatta kidogo, mbalimbali ka-

Compartment, n. kijumba, sehemu
ya nyumba, mkato |mi- |; sehemu
ya kasha ndani, tundu, kibweta.

Compass, n. (magnetic) dira; (car-
penter’s) bikari; (extent) eneo.
He is as true as a compass,
alekeapo ni pa pale, mnyofu halisi.

— v. Fetch a compass, zunguka ;
(get) pata.

Compassion, n. huruma, kite.

Compassionate, v. hurumia,

a. -enyi huruma.

Compatibility, n. kupatana, kuli-
ngana,usawa, —

Compatible, a. -a kupatana, -a
kuclekeana, -a kutangamana.

Compel, v. Jlasimisha, jusu, tia
nguvu, shurutisha, bidi,

Compendious, a. -4 maneno ma-
chache, -fupt, -dogo.

Compendium, n. muhfasars.

Compensate, v. fa, fidz;.
equal) sawaszisha.

Compensation, n. fidia, kisasi,
malipo, urathi ; (being suitable or
equal) ulinganifu, kuwa | kufanya)
sawa.

Compete,v.siindana;(in commerce)
ghalibu,

Competence, n. kufaa, nguvu, aki-
/¢; (moderate means) restkz, mali
za kutosha st nyingi, nafuu tele.

Competent, a. -enyi nguvu | akili,
mali | za kutosha.

Competition, n. skindano (ma-],
ushindani. There is keen com-
mercial competition, kugkalibiana
sana. All trade is competition,
bet ni mghalaba.

Competitor, n. mshindani (wa-}.

Compilation, n. makusanyo, ma-
tungo, kubunt, &c.

Compile, v. dunt | kitabu kwa kua
tumia vitabu wingine), tunga,
kusanya, okota maarifa, changa
manisha.

Complain, v. nung unika,. guna, la-
lamtka; (accuse) /ilia, shtaké, leta
maneno,

(make

COMPLAINT

Complaint, n. (accusation) ma-
Shtaka, maneno; (lament) ma-
ombolezo, kilio; (grumbling) nung'-
unsko; (illness) ugonjwa. Give
a complaint to, ambukisa.

Complaisance, n. wrathi,
mwema, upole.

Complaisant, a. -4 Complaisance.

Complement, n. utimiso [ma-],
sjazi, baki; (full number) hesadu
kamili, kadiri nzima.

Complementary, a. -a kutimisa.

Complete, v. ##misa, maliza, limi-
liza, kamilisha, hitimisha. Com-
plete one's education, 4:4:mu.

a. kamili, -kamilifu, -timilifu,
zima.

Completely, adv. kabisa, halisi, pia.

Completeness, n. utimilifu, ukami-
life, uzima.

Completion, n.. kumaliza, kutimia,
kwisha, mwisho.

Complex, a. si -moja, -a sehemu
nyingi, “GA vilu vingi, -enyi ma-
fata.

Complexion, n. rangi ya uso, takaso;
(appearance) swra, namna. The
afiair wears a grave complexion,
kama baya jambo lenyewe, jambo

a.

Complexity, n. matatiso, kutata-
nika, kuwa na vitu vingi.

Compliance, n. ukubali, kurithia,
urathi.

Compliant, a. -iz4, -sikifu, -pole.

Complicate, v. fanya matata, tata-
nisha.

Complication, n. matata, mashaka.

Complicity, n. usharika (wa jambo
baya |, kuwamo,kuwa shauri moja.

Compliment, v. saHmu, sifu, tolea
maneno ya heshima.

Complimentary, a. -4 kusalimu, -a
kusifu, -a heshima. Complimen-
tary titles, (in letter) dibaz:.

Compliments, n. salamu, maneno
ya heshima, sifa. Give my com-
pliments, #isalimie.

Compline, n. (sala za mwisho jioni,
esha}.

Comply, v. kubali, stikia, ttt, sikia,

ufu

65

COMPRESSIBLE

Comply with, fanya, timiliza,
pokea, ttt, fuata.

Component, n. kifu kilichomo, se-
hemu, nussu.

—— a. -/i0mo.

Comport (oneself), v. Zenda, jiweka,
enda.

Compose, v. fanyisa, tunga, rakt-
bisha, buni, andika; (quiet) tuliza,
tengenesa; (form, make up) -wa,
-wa na... ndani. It is com-
posed of, ni, ina ndani yake, asili
yake ni, kitu chake ni.

Composed, a. -/ulifu, taratibu.

Composite, a. -2 vifu vingi, si -moja.

Composition, n. (compensation) ma-
lipo, (for murder) dia; (literary)
mwandiko, maandiko; (agree-
ment) mapatano; (mixture) mcha-
nganyiko; (ingredients, material)
astlt, kitu.

Composure, n. ufulifu.

Compound, v. (miz) changanya;
(make) fanyisa; (come to terms)
patana. Form a compound, ga-
ndana, shikana.

—— aa. si moja, “enyi vitu vingi, -a
sehemu nyingi. He has a com-
pound fracture of the leg, mguu
wake umevunjika vibaya.

— n. changanytko | ma-|.

Comprehend, v. (understand) faka-
mu, lambua, jua; (include) -wa
na, weka. It comprehends all
kinds, pimsz zote simo humo.

Comprehensibility, n. kuwa Com-
prehensible.

Comprebensible, a. -@ maana, -a
kufahamika, -a kuelea,

Comprehension, n. ufahamu, akili.

Comprehensive, a. -kubwa, -enyi
vitu vingi | maarifa mengi, mambo
mengi|. He took a comprehensive
view of the subject, Aabars zote za
jambo hili alisifahamu.

Comprehensiveness,n. kuwa Com-
prehensive,

Compress, v. songa, shindika, shi-
ndilia, kaza, kamua, punguza.

Compressible, a. -2 kupunguzwa,
a kuweza kupunguzwa kwa nguvu.

¥

COMPRESSION

Compression, n. msongo, mpunguso.

Compressor, n. (bandage) kisongo.

Comprise, v. -wa -enyi ndani yake.
It comprises all kinds, ginsi sote
simo humo.

Compromise, n. kukubaliana, ma-
patano, urathi.

—v. fanya urathi, rithisha, kubali
maamuzi, patana; (endanger) 2a
hatarini, pasha mashaka.

Compulsion, n. nguvu, lasima,
sharti.

Compunction, n. majuto, toba.

Computation, n. kesabu, kadiri.

Compute, v. hesabu, kadiri.

Comrade, n. mwenzi, mwandani,
mwandamizi, jamaa.

Concave (Be), v. -wa -enyt shimo.
Become (be made) concave, fu-
kuka, bonyeka.

Conceal, v. setiri, ficha.

Concealment, n. maficho, hila.

Concede, v. toa, ruhusu, kubali.

Conceit, n. majivuno, kiburi, ma-
kuu; (idea) wazo (ma-], nia,

Conceited, a. -a kiburi.

Conceivable, a. -a kuwasika, -a

' kufahamika, -a kukadirtka.

Conceive, v. waza, thant, fahamu;
(in womb) fata (tunga) mimba.
As I conceive it, kama nionavyo
mimi,

Concentrate, v. kusanya mahali
pamoja, leta pamoja, unganisha ;
(condense) kausha, fanya usilo,
kasa, punguza. Concentrate at-
tention on, kaza kuangalia.

Concentration, n. kukusanya pa-
moja, &c., mkaso.

Conception, n. waso [ma-], mta; (in
womb) kupata mimba.

Concern, n. (matter) jambo; (sor-
row) stkitiko; (interest) fikara;
(trading firm) shirika, kampani,
uchumi. It is noconcern of mine,
MIMI SEO.

— v. pasa; (grieve) stkitskisha ;
(interest) #a fikara. Concern one-
self with, jishughulisha na.

Concerning, prep. kwa,juu ya, kwa

& ya.

66

CONCRETE

Concert, v. fanya shauri ya.

—— n. (joint plan) shauri moja
mapatano; (musical) (kuimbatd
kwa watu wengi pamoja |, ngoma.

Concerted, a. kwa shauri, maku-
sudi,

Concession, n. (leave) srathi,
rukusa, ukubali; (giving up) ku-
toa, kusalimu ; (deed of) mkataba.

Concvhology, n. [elzmu ya konokono
na kombe za pwant |.

Conciliate, v. patanzsha, suluhisha,
rithisha, tuliza.

Conciliation, n. kupatanisha, ku-
tulia.

Conciliatory, -2 kupatanisha, -a
kutuliza.

Concise, a. -fupi, -a kukata, -dogo.

Conolave, n. baraza la siri.

Conclude, v. (make an end) fanya
mwisho, maliza, komesha ; (come
to an end) fika mwisho; (infer)
dhani, ona, nena. Conclude a
peace, fanya amani (mapatano).
Conclude a bargain, funga bia-
shara, pana mkono.

Conclusion, n. mwisho, hatima;
(inference) mwisho wa maneno,
shauri la mwisho; (argument)
hoja; (decision) kukume, Incon-
clusion, mwisho, neno la mwisho.

Conclusive, a. -a nguvu, -a kukata
jambo (maneno), -a mwisho, -a
kutia mwisho, mkataa, tamma.

Concoot, v. fanyisa |shauri, maa-
ndast, 8c. |.

Concoction, n. mchanganyiko, ma-
andast,

Concomitant, a. famoja na-, -a
kufuatana. :

Concord, n. urafiki, moyo mmoja,
amani, kupatana.

Concordance, n. kupatana; | kar
musi ya maneno yote ya kitabu
fullani|.

Concourse, n. mkutano, makuta-

no.

Concrete, a. (kama kitu wala si
waso, mkononi si moyoni, -a kuone-
kana si kuwasika), halisi, haswa,
hakika. Let us consider it in the

CONCRETE 67

concrete, fusangalie kana ilivyo
katika vitu, tustiwase tu.
Concrete, n. chokaa na makokoto.
Conoubinage, n. whawara, kuwa
na suria. i
Concubine, n. suria | ma- |), hawaa,
hawara.
Conoupiscence, n. Zamaa mbaya,
n1g'0a

Concur, v. kubali, -wa rathi, ona
ndivyo.

Concurrence, n. wrafhi, ukubali,
kupatana.

Concurrent, a. pamoja, -a kupa
tana, -a maana ile ile.

Concussion, n. (shock) shindo, ki-
shindo; (collision) mpambano,
mgongano.

Condemn, v. (convict) kukumu,
athibisha, pasha hukumu [atha-
bu); (censure) pattliza, laumu;
(reject) katasa, tupa.

Condemnable, a. -a kustahil: atha-
bu, -a kupatiliswa, -baya.

Condemnation, n. kumu, mapa-
Zilizo, hukumu, laana,

Condemnatory, a. -a kupasisha hu-
kumu, -enyi laana.

Condensation, n. ustfo, kuganda-
mana; (abridgement) muAfasari.

Condense, v. (thicken) fanya -sito,
tia usilo ; (harden) kausha, ganda-
misa; (shorten, abridge) punguza,
katiza, fanya muhtasari ya.

Condescend, v. nyenyekea, kubali.

Condescension, n. unyenyekevu.

Condign, a. -a kustahiliwa, -kubwa.

Condiment, n. (kitu cha kukoka
chakula |, kiungo.

Condition, n. (state) Aalz, tabia;
(indispensable) anunz ; (terms of
agreement) starts (ma-] ahadt,
mapatano; (health) afya, usima.
Be a condition of, -wa kanuni ya.
On condition of, kwa sharti ya,
kwa ahadi ya. Out of condition,
thatfu, si -enyt hali nzuri.

Conditional, a. -enyi masharti, si
kwa mambo yote, si kamili.

i'Conditioned, a. -enyi kali (njema,
mbaya, &c.); -enyi masharts,

CONFESSION

Condole, vy. (sympathize) Aursmia,
stkitikia; (join in mourning witb),
hana, -pa mkono.

Condolence, n. huruma mkono, I
send my condolences on your
bereavement, mbirambi sako. A
letter of condolence (at a death),
baruayatanzia. Payavisit ofcon-
dolence, -enda kupa mkono | mkono
wa msiba); (after funeral) hana.

Condone, v. achilia, samehe.

Conduce, v. faa, sayidta.

Conduocive (to), a. -@ kufaa kwa, -a
kuleta,

Conduct, v. (lead) ongoza, peleka,
chukua; (manage) fengenesa, ende-

za.

—— n. (course of action) mwenendo,
matendo, feli, maisha; (manage-
ment) matengenezo, usimamizi.
Give safe conduct, kupisha kwa
salamu, kupeleka mahali pasipo
hatari. Good conduct, kujiweka
vema.

Conductor, n. (guide) mwongost,
kiongozi; (of train, &c.) mstma-
mist; (in science) (| kitu chenyt ku-
peleka na kupitisha moto, nguvu,
umeme). Lightning conductor,
(chuma cha kukinga umeme).

Conduit, n. mfereji |mi-|.

Cone, n. | kifu chenyi mviringo chini
na kuchongoka juu, pembe).

Confectioner, n. mwenyi duka la
maandasi, mfanyiza maandasi.

Confectionery, n. maandasi.

Confederate, n. rafiki, mwenyi
shauri moja, mshariki, mwensi.

Confederation, Confederacy, Nn.
(alliance) urafiki, utani; (allied
powers) jamti ya watu [mijt,
makabila | wenyi shauri moja.

Confer, v. (give) zoa, -pa, pasisha,
tia; (hold counsel) fanya shauri,
semesana, ongea, barixt.

Conference, n. maneno, masu-
ngumzo; (council) mkutano | wa
wate wenyi maneno), baraza.

Confess, v. kiri, ungama, kubali ;
(act.) ungamisha.

Confession, n. ungamo, kukiri,

F 9

CONFHSSIONAL

kuungama; (creed) imani, shu-
huda.

Confessional, n, (makali pa kuun-
gama thambi kwa busisif

Confessor, n. (kasisi mwenyi ku-
ungamisha watu thambi), mwu-
ngamizi; (sufferer for faith) mwe-
nyt kufukuzwa kwa ajili ya kut-
ungama dini yake).

Confidant, n. msiri (wa-).

Confide,v. weka, aminisha. Confide
in, amini, tumainia, agemea,

Confidence, n. matumaini, imani,
moyo mwepesi, ujasiri; (self-
assertion) #kinaifu; (secret) ma-
neno ya:siri. | tell you -in-con-
fidence, #akuambia siri. Take
into confidence, fanya -siri, tolea
siri. Have confidence in, segemea.

Confident, a. -tumainti, “Jasiri.

—— (Be), v. tumatni, jua sana.

Confidential, a.-a st7z, (friend) -siré.

Configuration, n, namna, umbo,
sura, halt, tabia.

Confine, v. funga, zuia, shindisha.
She is confined to her room,
hawezi kutoka. Be confined, sea
[whe], jifungua; (refer exclusively
to) kusika na | kwa).

— n. mpaka |mi-|.

Confinement, n. kufungwa, ki-
Jungo; (child-bearing) uzazi, ku-

Confirm, ne (attest) thubutisha, tia
imara (nguvu); (sanction) sahs-
hisha, yakinisha, toa ithini; (per-
form confirmation) “a mikono
[Jaada ya Baptism].

Confirmation, n. mathubutu, usha-
hidi, hakika; (the rite) (askofu
kutia mikono baada ya Ubatizo}.

Confirmative, a. -4 kuthubutisha,
shahidi.

Confiscate, v. (serkali) kwaa mali
kwa nguvu, hamata mali, nya-
ng anya.

Confiscation, n. (serkalt) kutwaa
malt kwa nguvu.

Conflagration, n. molo, mtekeleo.

Oonfliot, n. mapigano, vita, shi-
. ndano, mpambano, ugomvi,

68

‘Confute, V.

CONGRATULATE

Conflict, v. pigana, shindana, si pa-
tana, -wa mbalimbali.

Confluence, Conflux, n, kutano,
mehanganiko.

Conform, v. patana, kubali, fuata,
eet.

Conformation, n. umbo, sura, tabia,

ali

Conformity, n. mfano mmoja, uku-
bali, mapatano, usawa.

Confound, v. (mix) changanya, st
pambanua; (abash) /fethehi, fa-
thaisha, shangasa.

Confront, (oppose) simama
mbele, simamia, pinga; (compare,
match) Zinganisha, pambanisha,
piganisha; (set opposite) kabi-
lisha.

Confuse, v. (mix) changanya, fanya
fujo, 4 nisha, st pambanua;
(confound) fathatsha, fethehs.

Confused (Be), v. fathatka, hanga-
ika, chafuka.

—— a. -a fujo, -a kifujo; (abashed)
-enyt haya.

Confusion, n. chafuko, fujo, uthia;
(shame) fathaa, haya.

Confutation, n. kushinda kwa
maneno, we mtanguo.

(a pe rson) shinda kwa
“MANENO onyes uwongo, jtbta; (an
argument) wunja, tangua.

Congeal, v. gandama, gandamisha,
tungama,

Congenial, a. -@ kupatana, tabia
moja, -2 kufaa, sawa, -a kupe

za.

Congeries, n. vitu vingi Pamoja,
mkusanyo, makusanyiko, ungi.

Congested, a. -enyi Congestion.

Congestion, n. mavilio ya damu;
(state of fullness) Ausonganishwa,
kulemewa na vitu wingi |kazi
nyingi |).

Conglomeration, n. vifu vingi pa-
moja, jamii, makusanyiko.

Congratulate, v. shangilia, takia
heri, barikia, -pa mkono; (by a
present) hongesa; (after a journey)
pukusa; (after a contest) funza;
(after secret mission) fchua. I con-

CONGRATULATION

pratulate you, furaha yako fura
ha kwangu, nakuona heri.
Congratulation, n. mkono, mbaraka,
sifa, mahongezo; (on a birth)
astahils salaam, Pay a visit of
congratulation, Aongesa.
Congratulatory, a. -2 Congratula-
tion; (gift) -@ kupukusa (Tas.
Congratulate).
Congregate, v. kusanyika, kutana.
Congregation, n. kusanyiko la wafu,
makusanyiko, makutano, kundi;
(body of worshippers) jamit ya
waabudu.

Congress, n. mkutano wa watu;
(baraza kuu ya United States].

Congruity, n. #sawa, ulinganifu,

Congruous, a. -2 kupatana, sawa.

Conical, a. -a pembe, -a kuchongoka.

Conjectural, a. -4 kubahatisha, -a
kuwaza, st hakika, wazo tu,

Conjecture, n. uthani, thana.

—— v. bahatisha, kisi, thani, ona.

Conjoin, v. unga.

Conjointly, adv. pamoja.

Conjugal, a. -4 mume na mkewe,

Conjunction, n. mkutano. In con-
junction with, pamoja na, kwa
kuungana na,

Conjuncture, n. salt, mambo, -wa-
kati.

Conjure, v. apisha, sthi kwa juhudi;
(do tricks) fanya miujisa | maajabu,
mizungu). Conjure up, funga,
buni, jitungia.

Conjurer, n. mfanya miujiza, kiini-
macho, mganga.

Conjuring, n. (tricks, &c.) misungu,
masinga umbo, kiinimacho.

Connect, v. ungana, unganisha;
(neut.) fungamana, shikamana.
Connected with this subject, kafika
habari hizi.

Connectedly, adv. kwa kufuatana,
moja kwa moja, daima.

Connection, Connexion, n. kal: ya
kufungamana, kuwiana, wiano,
umoja; (bond, link) kifungo; (rela-
tion) jamaa, ndugu,ahali; (sexual)
kujami,kutomba. The connection
between them is obscure, Aaieled

69

CONSCRIPTION

ginst yanavyowiana |-pasana). In
this connection, in connection with
this, kwa habari hizi.

Connivance, n. kutoangalia kosa,
kushartkea kosa.

Connive (at), v. kubali vibaya | kosa
la mku), st kataza, pisha, achilia;
(actively) shariki kosa kwa siri.

Connoisseur, n. mjuzi, mwenyi
maarifa.

Connubial, a. -a mume na mkewe.

Conquer, v. shinda, piga, titsha,
wasa.

Congueror, n. mshindi, mshindaji.

Conguest, n. kushinda; (spoils)
maleka, nyara, inchi zilizotiishwa.

Consanguinity, n. jamaa, udugu,
ukoo, (Ar.) akrabba.

Conscience, n. ufahamu wa mema
na mabaya, moyo, thamiri. Good
conscience, moyo mweupe |safi).
In all conscience, yakins, hakika,
pasipo shaka. Conscience money,
kujilipiza uizi baadaye, malipo ya
kujituliza moyo, urathi.

Conscientious, a. amini, -a bidii,
-a kufuata mena, -a kushika kazi,
Conscientious objection (scruple),
suto la haki, kukataa kwa mayo,
mashaka ya moyo, dini.

Conscientiousness, n. bidii ya
kuwa amini | ya kutenda ipasayo
yote), uaminifu.

Gonscious, a. -enyi kujifahamu
nafsi, -enyt ufahamu (kuona,
kujua); (shy) -enyt haya; (secret)
-@ kujulika na mwenyewe. Be
conscious of, ona, fahamu, jua.

Consciousness, n. ufahamu wa
nafsi, kujifahamu nafsi, kujijua,
kujiona; (perception) ufahamu,
kujua, na; (conscious life)
nafsi; (shyness) Aaya. He lost
consciousness, a/ssimia roho. He
recovered consciousness, a/z7t-
rudia, alipata ufahamu wa dunia,

Conscript, n. (asikari ao baharia
aliyeandikwa kwa lazima).

Conscription, n. (kuandika asikari
ao baharia kwa nguvu ao lasima,
&c.], mchango wa lazima.

CONSECRATE

Conseorate, v. fanya wakfu, weka
wakfu, bariki; tolea Muungu,
wekea Muungu; (devote) zoa,
funga; (regard as holy) Zukuza,
Janya takatifu; (inaugurate) zi-
ndua | kanisa, &c.\, tabaruku.

Consecrated, a. -‘akatifu, wakfu.

Consecration, n. kufanya wakfu,
kutabaruku; (state) wwakfu, &c.
(Zaz. Consecrate).

Consecutive, a. -a kufuatana, moja
kwa moja. .

Consent, v. kubali, rithia, penda,
rukusu.,

— in. ukubali,
thine,

Consequence, n. (result) (| yambo
lifuatalo jambo .mwensiwe kama
kazi yake, mwisho wake, jambo
litokealo kwa sababu ya jambo
lingine), matukio, mwisho; (im-
portance) ukubwa, heshima, sifa;
(significance) nguvu, maana. A
person of consequence, mfa bora.

n conseguence, Conseguently, The
consequence was, kwa sababu hiyo,
kwa hiyo, bassi. It is of no con-
sequence, hatthuru, mamoja, sto
kitu.

Consequent, a. -a baadaye, mwisho,
a ta. .

Consequential, a. -a kujivuna, -a
fahari, -enyi makuu.

Conservation, n. slinzi, tunza,
udumisho, kutopotea.

Conservative, a. -a kulinda, -a
kutunza; (in politics) -eny2 kusema,
Bora ya kale. Conservative party,

wenyi kutaka ya kale), wazee.

onservatism, [2a ao mashauri za
waste |, kupenda ya kale.

Conservatory, n. (nyumba ya kuo-

esha maua).

Consider, v. (reflect on) fikiri,
fanya shauri, angalia; (suppose,
. judge) thant, thania, ona,

Considerable, a. -kubwa kidogo,
-ingt kidogo, -a kadiri.

' Considerate, a. -enyi huruma, -a
upole, -angalifu, -a kiasi,

Consideration, n. (reflection) fikara,

urathi, ruhusa,

70

CONSTABULARY

shauri; (kindness) wangalifu, hu-
vuma; (matter for thought) jambo,
sababu, hoja; (importance) cheo,
sifa. Take into consideration,
angalia, kumbuka.

Consign, v. weka, wekea, peleka,
pelekea.

Consignee, n..(-enyi kuwekewa aa
kupelekewa vitu |.

Consignment, n. [mali ao bithaa
stlizopelekwa ao kuwekwa).

Consist, v. -wa, nz. It consists of
(in), kifu chake nt, asili yake nt.

Consistence, Consistency, n. #32/0,
ugumu; (of persons) unyofu, u-
thabiti, sawasawa, barabara; (of
arguments) kupatana, usawa.

Consistent, a. (in agreement) -@
kupatana, sawa; (straightforward)
amint, -nyofu, thabiti.

Consolation, n. faraja.

Consolatory, a. -enyi faraja.

Console, v. fariji, tuliza, -pa mkono.

Consolidate, v. fiatmara, -pa nguvu,
thubutisha; (make solid) ganda-
miza,tia ugumu (s2tto); (concen-
trate) unga, leta pamoja.

Consonant, a. -4 kupatana,
kulingana, sawa.

—- n. | harufu isiyo na sauti pasipo
vowel, kama b, ch, @).

Consort, n. mwenzi, rafiki; (hus-
band, wife) mume, mke.

—— v. ongea, fuata, gandamia.

Conspicuous, a. -enyt kuonekana
mbali, wast, -a kutazamika; (re-
markable) -a kuangaliwa, -kubwa,
bora, mashuhuri.

Conspiracy, n. mapatano mabaya,
mwafaka mbaya.

Conspirator, n. (-enyi kufanya fitina
ao shauri baya pamoja, mshariki
jambo baya), mtu wa Conspiracy.

Conspire, v. (agree) patana, -wa
shauri moja; (plot) fanya shauri
baya pamoja.

Conatable, n. asikari [wa kumlinda
mfalme ao mji), mlinzi (wa-),

list.

Constabulary, n. jamii ya’ Con-
stables, polisi,

Aa

CONSTANCY

Constancy, n. uthabiti, amini, uvu-
milivu.

Constant, a. (firm) ‘haditi, imara;
(faithful) amini, -a dayima; (un-
failing) -stobadiitka, -a siku zote.

Constantly, adv. marra kwa marra,
siku rote, dayima, killa kipindi,
kipindi chote.

Constellation, n. (jamii ya nyota
nyingi yenyi jina moja), kundi la
nyota.

Consternation, n. kofu kuu, tisho,
fathaa.

Constipation, n. kufunga choo, uya-
bisi wa tumbo.

Constituent, n. ussu, > Se
hemu, iliyomo; (supporter) mfuasi
(wa-), mwenzi (w-|.

—— a. -enyi kuwamo, -enyi kufanya,
-liomo.

Constitute, v. fanya, fanyisa, tenge-
neza; (appoint) weka; (establish)
stmamisha, anzisha; (be) -wa.
What constitutes true happiness?
nini iliyo heri haswa halisi ?

Constitution, n. Zabia, asilz, umbo,
afya; (system of govemment)
sheria, serkali. The British Con-
stitution, skerza ingereza. I have
a sound constitution, mimi msima
sana.

Constitutional, a. -a asili, -a afya;
(lawful) alal, -a kupendeza
serkali, -a kutii sheria. Take a
constitutional, enda tembea, nyosha
MIGUU.

Constitutive, a. (original) -a asili;
(originative) -enyi nguvu | ya ku-
anzisha ao kufanyisza).

Constrain, v. lazimisha, shurutisha,
bidi, tia nguvu.

Constrained, a. (embarrassed) -eny2
mashaka, -a haya, -a fathaa;
(forced) -enyt kuzuiwa, -a kusong-
wa, -a lazima.

Constraint, n. 34:0, nguvu, sharti,
lasima, kusonga. By constraint,
kwa nguvu. ;

Constriction, n. msongo, mkazo.

Construct, v. fanya, fanyiza; (house)
jenga; (boat) unda; (book) buni.

71

CONTEMPLATION

Construction, n. mjengo, muundo,
kufanyiza, matengenezo, kazi;
(meaning) Tafsiri, maana.

Constructive, a. -a kufanyisa;
(amounting to) sawa na, kama.
A constructive falsehood, kama
uwongo. .

Construe, v. (translate) fasiri; (ex-
plain) e/eza maana; (understand)
jahamu maana.

Consubstantial, a. |-enyi asili moja
ao de ile).

Consul, n. barozi | ma-), dalyosi.

Consulate, n. (kazi ao nyumba ya
barost, muda wa kuwa barozt), kwa
barozi.

Consult, v. ‘aka shauri, fanya sha-
uri, shaurisha; (refer to, regari)
kumbuka, analia.

Consultation, n. shauri, maneno.

Consume, v. -/a; (bum) zek:teza;
(spend, use up) ‘uma.

Consummate, v. maliza, timiliza,
kwisha, kamilisha.

—— a. bora, -ingi, kubwa.

Consummation, n. miso, mwi-
sho, kukamilisha, kupata.

Consumption, n. (of food) kula;
(of time, means, &c.) kupoteza,
malumizi, gharama ; (sickness)
ugonjwa wa kifua, ukohozi.

Consumptive, a. -enyi ugonjwa wa
kifua.

Contact, n. mkutano, kugusana, ku-
pambana. Come in contact, (have
dealings with) kufana, -wa na shu-
ghuli, (collide) gongana.

Contagion, n. ambukizo, wito.

Contagious, a. -a kuambukiza.

Contain, v. (things) -wa na [vite]
ndani, weka ndani, chukua ndani;
(hold, be egual to) -wa kadiri ya,
-wa sawa na. He cannot contain
himself, haweet kujizuia.

Contaminate, v. tia uchafu, najisi,
haribu, ambukiza.

Contamination, n. ambuki20, uchafu.

Contemn, v. tharau, kweza, hizi.

Contemplate, v. fikiri, angalia;
(intend) kusudia, azimu, nia.

Contemplatign, n. fikara, mawazo.

CONTEMPLATIVE 72

It is in contemplation, zmakusu-
awa.

Contemplative, a. -2 fikara.

Contemporaneous, Contemporary,
a. sawasawa kwa wakali, -a zamani
(siku) sulezile [ststhist], wakati
sawa.

Contempt, n. Ztarau, tweso; (dis-
grace) wthilsfu, unyonge, aibu.
Treat with contempt, 4222, weza.

Contemptible, a. -a kutharaul:wa,
-nyonge, -thilifu.

Contemptuous, a. -4 kutharau, -a
kutwesa, -a kiburi.

Contend, v. toa bidii, shindana,
pigana, husumu; shika kusema,
nena kwa nguvu. Contend for,
tafuta kwa bidii shindania, tetea.

Content, n. kadiri, nafasi; (mean-
ing) maana ( Tas, Contents).

— v. rithisha. Be content (con-
tented), r2¢kika, ona rathi, -wa ra"
tht, tulia.

Contention, n. shindano, ugomvi,
mateto; (matter in question) jambo
[Ja kugombaniwa, la kutetewa),
telo; (assertion) eno, shauri.

Contentious, a. -shindant, -gomvi.

Contentment, n. uratht, raha, utu-
livu.

Contents, n. vifu vya ndani, yalt-
yomo, shinda. Table of contents,
fahirisi.

Contest, v. shindana, shindania ;
(oppose) feta, kana, zua.

n. shindano, vita; (dispute)
malelo, ugomvi.

Contezt, n. maneno yaliyopo pamoja,
yafuatanayo.

Contiguity, n. kuwa karibu, kuwa
pamoja.

Contiguous, a. -enyi mpaka mmoja,
-a kupakana, karibu, pamoja.

Continence, n. kujizuta mwili na
tamaa, kujiweza, kiasi; (ascetic)
ula wa.

Continent, a. -suifu wa tamaa, -a
kiasi, -ta’wa.

— n. (fungu lililo kubwa la inchi
ya dunia); (opposite Zanzibar)
Mrima, barra.

CONTRADICT

Contingency, n. mambo, matukio,
nasibu, bahati.

Contingent, a. -2 kuwezekana, ya-
mkint, pasipo hakika, -enyi ma-
shaka,

n. kundi la asikari.

Continual, a. -a dayima, -a kuendelea
moja kwa moja, -a fufulizo.

Continually, adv. siku sote, kipindi
kwa kipindi, marra kwa marra.

Continuance, n. maisha, udumu,
mfulizo, uendeleo, aushi.

Continue, v. (remain) dumu, kaa,
shinda; (go on) endelea, fultza,
zidi; (extend) ongeza, dumisha.
Continue working, siinda kazi.

Continued, a. kama Continual.

Continuity, n. kufungamana, ufuls-
20, uendeleo, kwenda moja kwa moja.

Continuous, a. kama Continual.

Contort, v. geuza, umbua.

Contortion, n. mageuzi, mapindi
ya maungo, kujipindapinda, finyo
Utunjo| la uso.

Contour, n. umbo, sura, namna.

Contraband, a. karamu, marufuku.

Contract, v. (agree) fanya mkataba
[sharti, maagano, ahadi); (get)
Sanya, pata, jipatia | deni, ugonjwa,
desturi, &c.|; (lessen) punguza,
(neut.) funguka; (shorten) fupisha,
Sanya ndogo, kaza, (neut.) fupika.
Contract a habit of, soea. Be con-
tracted (narrowed, drawn in),
Jinya, finyana, -wa -embamba.

— n. maagano, sharti, ahadi.
Make, draw up, enter into a con-
tract, andikiana mkataba, katé-
biana,

Contraction, n. mfunguo, mkato,
mkazo ; (wrinkle) mfinyo.

Contractor, n. [mtu ajiliaye sharti
ya kumaliza kasi kubwa fullant
kwa fetha fullant|, mfanya kazi
kwa mkataba, fundi wa mkataba.

Contradict, v. (deny) ambia “ La,
sivyo, rudi neno, kana, kania,
kanusha, kinza; kabili sawasawa ;
(dispute) déskana; (be contrary to)
-wa mbalimbali na. Contradict
oneself, jifunga. He contradicted

CONTRADICTION

me flatly, aliniambia, Sio, mwongo
wee |

Contradiction, n. mkano, kukana,
makataso, madakizo; (disagree-
ment) mbalimbali, kutopatana, to-
Jauti.

Contradictory, a. mbalimbali,

ana, -stopatana; (of persons)
-katdt, -tundu,

Contrariety, n. ushindani, thttila-
fu, ukaidi, kutopatana, kutoleke-
ana.

Contrary, a. ma n. mbalimbali,
stvyo kabisa, -ngine; (of persons)
-tundu, -kaidi. Ina contrary
direction, kulekea pangine, kwenda
mbali. Contrary to custom (sense,
justice) , sa desturi, (st akili, si haki).

Contrary wind, upepo wa omo.
Contrary disposition, thitlafu,
ukaidi, On the contrary, mbali
kabisa.

Contrast, v. linganisha, pambanisha,
kabilisha, lekeanisha; (neut.) -wa
mbalimbali, s$ sawa, namna
2#mgine. It contrasts strangely
with, #2 ajabu ilivyo mbali na.

—— n. tofauti, thtilafu, mbalimbali,
si mfano mmoja. By contrast
(with another), kuliko (mwenziwe|.

Contravene, v. (oppose) shindana
na, zuia; Vtransgress) khaltfu,
vunja, tangua.

Contribute, v. sayidia, shartkta, toa
sehemu, -wamo, changa.

Contribution, n. msaada, sadaka,
sehemu, nussu, chango, mali ya
kuchanga.

Contrite, a. -enyi majuto. A con-
trite heart, moyo wa kutubu
sana.

Contrition, n. majuto, toba,

Contrivance, n. matengeneo, shauri,
Asia; (instrument) kitu |vi-), cho-
mbo (vy-|.

Contrive, v. (invent) vumbua, tunga,
sua; (effect) tengeneza, pata ku-
fanya. He has contrived to find
out, amepata kujua.

Control, v. sawala, suta, ongoza, si-
mamia.

78

CONVENTIONAL

Control, n. upuvu, amri, utawala,
usimamizi.

Controller, n. msimamizi.
Controversial, a. -4 Controversy,
-a kushindaniwa, -a magombano.
Controversy, Nn. maneno, ugomvt,
kubishana maneno, kujadiliana,

shindano. '

Controvert, v. bishana na, kana,
Pinga, 2uta,

Contumacious, a. -kaidi, -tundu,

Contumacy, n. ukaidi, ufundu.

Contumelious, a. -fithuli, -a mzaha.

Contumely, n. (rud eness) jeuri, mfe
Zhuli; (contempt) Ztarau, mzaha,
kucheka, kufyonya.

Contuse, v. viliza damu, chubua.
My hand is contused, damu imeni-
vilia mkononi.

Contusion, n. mavilio ya damu,
chubuo.

Conundrum, n. kitondawiti, fumbo
[da maneno|.

Convalescence, n. kupata hajambo
(mafuu, nguvu, afya), kuanza
kupona, jipa nguvu, jichukua, ji-
mudu.

Convene, v. kusanya, kutanisha, ita
barazani.

Convenience, n. kitu cha kufaa,
furaha, mapendezi; (ease, comfort)
raha, urahisi, faragha. At your
convenience, thttars yako, upatapo

nafasi. Itis a great convenience,
yafaa sana. It suits my con-
venience, yanitulilia, yanifaa.

Convenient, a. -a kufaa, -2urt, -a
kupendeza.

Convent, n. | nyumba ya waanawake
wata wa |.

Conventicle, n. (nyumba ndogo ya
kusalia watu), msikiti.

Convention, n. mkufano; (agree-
ment) mapatano.

Conventional, a. -a desturi tu, si -a
asili, st hadisi. It is a purely
conventional name, jina lenyewe
halifai illa kwa desturi tu.
Conventional goodness, kufanya
mema kwa kusoca tu, si kwa

moyo e

CONVERGE 74

0O0-OPERATE

Converge, v. saribiana, kabiliana, | Convivial, a. -a kufurahisha moyo,

ja pamoja, kutana. .
Convergence, n. kukaribiana, &c.
Conversant (with), a. -20ef4, -enyi

kujua sana.

Conversation, Converse, n. mazu-
Ngumzo, maongest, USEMI.

Conversational, a. -4 Conversa-
tion, -a maongezi, -a ginsi ya
kutumika kwa maongezi, si sahihi.

Converse, v. zungumza, Ongea,
Sema, SEMEZANG.

n. Zaz. Conversation ; (oppo-
site) mbalimbali, vingine.

Conversion, n. kugeuka, mageust
ubadili; (of character, faith, &c.)
wongofu.

Convert, v. (change) geuza, badili;
(make a convert) fanya Mmasihiya
(Mwislamu, 8c. |, rudisha, ongoza.

n. mwongofu | wa- |).

Convertible, a. -4 kuweza kugeuka,
geukana; (equivalent) sawa sawa,
-a kubadilikana.

Convex (Be), v. fanya mgongo, fa-
nya mutringo nje, benuka, vimba,
fanya koba (?).

Convey, v. (carry) chukua, peleka;
(make known) julisha, onya;
(deliver) kabithi, salimisha, toa,
fiktsha, wasilisha.

Conveyance, n. kuchukua, uchukuzi,
&c. (Zaz. Convey); (carriage)
gari; (legal deed) hati ya kukab:-
thisha mali, hati.

Convict, v. hukumu, kirisha kosa,
lia hatiyani, pasisha hattya.

—— n. [mtu aliyetiwa kifungoni
kwa sababu ametenda mabaya,
aliyepasishwa alhabu), mfungwa
(wa- |), mbayana.

Conviction, n. kukirishwa kosa,
&c. (Zaz. Convict); (certitude)
hakika; (judgement) nia, thana.
It is my own conviction, naona
mimi, ndiyo nionayo mint.

Convince, v. shinda kwa maneno,
Shurutisha, sadikisha. 1 am quite
convinced, sasa mnaamini sana,
umenishinda, nimepata hakika,
nimejua sana.

-a kukunjua uso, -a furaha. A
convivial meeting, karamu.

Convocation, n. mkutano; | baraza
ya wakubwa wa Kanisa Ingeresa |.

Convoke, v. zfa, kusanya.

Convolution, n. pindt [ma-], ki-
singo |vi- |,

Convoy, v. Anda njiani, sindikiza;
(of ships) -enda sanjari | vinjart |.

—— n. (protection) ulinzi, hamaya

ya njiani; (guard) walinst wa

msafara, (protected party) msa-
Jara wenyi walinzi.

Convulse, v. sukasuka, tikisa, tete-
mesha. Convulse with laughter,
chekesha mno. The world was
convulsed, ulimwengu ulichafuka.

Convulsion, n. kifafa, dege, kuji-

pindapinda, kujinyonganyonga ;
(violent disturbance) msukosuko.
machafuko.

Convulsive, a. -4 Convulsion.

Cook, v. pika; (alter) geusa.

—— n. mpishi [wa-].

Cookery, n. upishi, vilivyopikwa.

Cooking, n. #pishi, mpiko. Cooking
utensils, vyombo vya kupikia ( Taz.
Pot). Cooking place, meko, jikoni.
Cooking range, (stones) meko, ma-
figa, mafya, (iron) jiko la chuma.

Cool, v. posa, tia baridi; (of water’
simua; (neut.) poa, pata baridi,
burudt, zisima ; (decrease) fungu-
ka, tulia.

—— a. -a baridi kidogo, -a baridi;
(slack) pasipo hidii, billa haraka,
-a taratibu, -a kizembe, -vivu; (un-
perturbed) -enyi macho vu;
(impudent) -zuvi.

Coolie, n. mfu'(wa-) wa kast, ki-
barua [vt-), kamali Wa

Coolness, n. baridi; (slackness’
utaratibu, polepole; (impertarba-
bility) macho makavu.

Coop, n. ‘undu [la kuwekea kuku,
&c. |, msinga |(mi-).

(up), v. funga, zuia.

Cooper, n. mfanyiza mapipa.

Co-operate, v. fanya kazi pamoja,
sayidta, sharikiana, fanya ujima.

CO-OPERATION

Co-operation, n. hast ya ujima,
ujima, kusharikiana, shirika.

Co-ordinate, a. -a ginsi moja, kadiri
moja, sawa.

—- v. Zengenesa, linganisha.

Co-ordination, n. kutengeneza, Sc.

Copal, n. sandarusi,

Cope, n. [vast moja la kasisi |.

—— (with), v. shindana na, simamia,
shinda.

Coping, n. (mawe ya juu katika
ukuta |).

Copious, a. Ze/e, -ingi, marithawa.

Copper, n. #aa. shaba | nyekundu |, -a
shaba. A copper, n. sufuria; (coin)
pesa. Copper wire, masoka,masango.
Give me a copper, nife Pesa.

‘Copra, n. nasi kavu, mbala.

Copse, n. kichaka [v2-].

Copula, n. neno la kuunga, kiungo.

Copulate, v. (sexually) fomba, to-
mbana.

Copy, v. nakili, fuatisha, nuku;
(imitate) 207, fanya vilevile.

—— n. nakilt, manuku,
mmoja, mwandiko sawa.

Coguet, v. |mwanamke) piga ube-
mbe | umalidadi, madaha); cheza-
cheza, bembelesa, puzika.

Coguetry, n. ubembe, umalidadi,
mabembelest, madaha.

Coquette, n. |mwanamke) mbembe

(wa-),mmalidadi,mbembelesi,mpust.

Coracle, n. (mashua ndogo ya fito
na ngost |.

Coral, n. (red) marijani, marijani
ya fethaluka; (fresh rock) matum-
baw.

Coraline, a. -a Coral.

Coran, n. Korani.

Cord, n. kamba, upgwe [nynugwe},
kigwe |vi-).

—— v. funga kamba, funganya (sa-
nduku |.

Cordage, n. kamba.

Cordial, a. -a kufurahisha, -kunju-
Ju, -ema. Give a cordial welcome
to, karibisha visuri, pokea kwa
furaha.

n, (dawa ya kulia moyo ao

kufurahisha |,

mfano

75

CORRECT

Core, n. moyo, kati, kiini.

Cork, n. (of bottle, &c.) k:srbo.

Corkscrew, n. cha kustbulia, kist-

U0.

Corn, n. #afaka, (Indian) muhindi ;
(wheat) ngano; (grain of) chembe 3
(on foot) sugu.

Corner, n. fembe; (end) mwisho,
ncha; (of a cloth) /amuua, utamvua.
Drive into a corner, thtisha, tata-
nisha, tia mashaka. A quiet co1-
ner, mahali pa faragha.

—— v. songa, thitsha, shinda.

Cornice, n. ushz.

Corollary, n. [yongesa ya mane-
ma ya ananayo nayo yaliyotangu-

ia).

Coronation, n. kutia taji, kuta-
waza.

Coroner, n. kalhi mdogo.

Coronet, n. kifaji, taji ndogo, taji.

Corporal, n. (asikari msimamizi |;
(kitambaa kinachotumika kwa

Usharika Mtakatifu |.

a. -4 mwili. Corporal punish-
ment, athabu ya mwili, kupigwa.
Corporate, a. -2 watu wengi kama
mite mmoja, -a wengi pamoja, -a

wole jamii.

Corporation, n. | yamia ya watu
yenyi hali ya mtu mmoja |, shirika,
chama.

Corporeal, a. -enyi mwili, -a mwili,
-a mwilini. ‘The corporeal ele-
ment (side) of the soul (spirit),
nyama ya roho.

Corps, n. seshé la asikari.

Corpse, n. mayiti; (carcass) mzoga
[met-], pinda.

Corpulence, n. #nene [wa kiwili-
wilt |.

Corpulent, a. -ene.

Corpuscle, n. | kifu kidogo sana, Taz.
Atom), chembe.

Correct, v. toa makosa, safia, sahihi,
sahthtsha; (reform) ongoza, tenge-
nesa; (punish) rudi, athibisha;
(warn) onya.

—— a. sahihi, fasihi, pasipo kosa,
safi, -surt halisi, barabara. Cor-
rect, clear style, nahau, ufasaha.

CORRECTION

Correction, n. kuloa makosa, kusa-
hihtsha, kufanya safi; (punish-
ment) athabu, maonyo, kurudi;
(improvement) matengenezo.

Corrective, a. -a kurudi, -a kuponya,
-a kuzuia,

Correctness, n. usafi, uzuri, ufasaha.

Correlation, n. maelekeo, wiano.

Correspond, v. (resemble) #ngana,
fanana, elekeana, -wa sawa; (by
letters) andikiana waraka.

Correspondence, n. ulinganifu,
usawa, maelekeo; (by letter) ku-
andikiana waraka.

Correspondent, n. | mwenyi kuandi-
kiana barua; mwenyi kuleta
habari kwa barua).

Corresponding, a. sawa, -/inganifu,
mwenzi | wenzi |.

Corridor, n. (ujia wenyi matao ao
nguzo na sakafu juu |, matao.

Corroborate,. v. ¢hubutisha, haki-
kisha, shuhudia.

Corroboration, n. thubutisho, ma-
thubutu, ushuhuda.

Corroborative,.a. -a kuthubutisha.

Corrode, v. -/a, ta kufu, haribu
[Lama kwa kutu|; (neut.) lika, ota
kutu, haribika.

Corrosion, n. kuchakaa, kuliwa
Utawa kwa kutu).

Corrosive, a. -4ali, -a kutia kutu,
-a kuharibu.

Corrugated, n. -enyi mafinyo, -a
makunyo. Corrugated iron (sheets),
mabati.

Corrugation, n. finyo, kunjo.

Corrupt,. v. (spoil) #aribu, osesha,
chafua; (deprave) pevua, komaza,
Jisidi; (alter) badili, geusa; (bribe)
tolea rushwa, penyezea fetha, lisha.

a. -bovu, -ovu, -baya, -tha-
limu.

Corruptible, a. -4 kuoza, -a kuha-
ribika; (open to bribes) -a kuti-
shwa, -a kupokea rushwa.

Corruption, n. ktosa, ubovu, uchafu;
(bribery) kulisha, kuloa rushwa;
(alteration) mageuzi, makosa.
Corruption (corrupt administration)
is universal, wote hula rushwa.

76

COUNCILLOR

Corsair, n. haramia wa bahari.

Cortege, n. mwandamo (wa wafu
ao magari, &c.|.

Coruscate, v. metameta.

Corvette, n. (manowari ndogo |.

Cosmetic, n. dalza, yast, /ewa.

Cosmic, Cosmical, a. -a ulimwe-
ngu wote, -a juu, -kubwa mno.

Cosmology, n. (elimu ya ulimwengu
wote pamoja, kama ya kitu ki-

Moa}.

Cosmopolitan, a. [-a kukumbuka
ulimwengu wote, -a kuenea ao
kutembea pote; (person) aonaye
killa aendapo ndipo kwake |.

Cost, v. (p.t.2a pf.t. Cost) waks/t, st-
mama, uzwa kwa; (require) Zaka,
tosa, lipiza. What does it cost?
kem? wauzaje? kiasi gani? It
will cost you dear, utalipa wee,
utalia, itakugharamisha.

— n. bet, kima, thamani, gharama,
hasara; (legal) gharama ya meza
[ya hukumu, ya haki). At cost
price, bi//a faida. To his cost,
astpate faida illa habara. Cost
free, burre.

Costermonger, n. mchuuzi | wa-|.

Costive, a. -enyi tumbo la kufunga,
-@ kufunga choo.

Costly, a. -atunu, ghali, -a thamani
nyingi.

Costume, n. mavazi, mavazi ya
mlindo, mauazi ya desturi.

Cot, n. kibanda kidogo; (small bed)
kitanda cha kitoto.

Coterie, n. chama, shirika, jamta.

Cottage, n. nyumba ndogo.

Cottager, n. mkulima, kibarua,
maskini.

Cotton, n. famba.

Couch, v. jikunyalta, jilaza, jificha.

— n. kitanda, malala

Cough, v. kokoa; (for pretence, on
purpose) jikohoza.

—— n. kikohost.

Could, p. t. ya Can.

Council, n. daraza, diwani, mkutano.
Hold a council, darzsz.

Councillor, n. diwani [ma-], mtu
wa baraza, mshauri, msiri,

COUNSEL

Counsel, n. shauri, maneno;
(lawyer) mwana sheria. Keep
one's own counsel, sefiri neno.
Seek counsel from, shauri. Give
counsel, foa shauri. Take counsel,
fanya shauri.

—— V. toa shauri, onya.

Counsellor, n. mshauri, mwongozi,

Count, n. [ina la heshima) mtu
mkubwa, sheki (ma-).

hesabu, hasibu, idadi;
(consider) shania, ona. Count on,
egemea, tumainia, kimbilia, amini.

Countenance, n. (face) uso [ny-],
sura; (favour) upendeleo, msaada.
Put out of countenance, fathaisha,
tia haya, vunja uso. Keep one’s
countenance, zuia kicheko, jikaza

te Vv.

uso [asecheke}. Keep in counten-

ance, pendelea, sayidza.

— v. kubali, sayidia, thubutisha.

Counter, n. (kipande cha kuchezea |
sarafu; (in shop) meza ya bithaa.

— a. -a mbali, -a kusuta, -a kue-
lekea. Run counter to, shindana
NA, -WA juu ya.

Counteract, v. zuia, shinda, batili-
sha, tangua, rudisha.

Counterbalance, v. -wa sawa na,
zuia, simamisha, batilisha.

Counterfeit, v. ga, jifanya, jigeuza,
Sanya mfano wa.

—— n. mfano, uwongo, si halisi,
MWLZ0. °

Countermand, v. oa amri ya kuka-
taza, tangua amri, rudia amri ya
kwanza. j

Counterpane, n. (tandiko la kitanda
la juu, nguo ya kitanda ya nje |).

Counterpart, n. mfano, methili,
nakulu, sawasawa,

Counterpoise, v. = Counterbal-
ance.

—— n. jiwe la mizani, | kitu kilicho
sawa kwa uthani|.

Countersign, v. fza mkono (usahihi |
wa pili, sahihisha baadaye, shuhu-
dia kwa mkono.

Countervail, v. faa, tosha, weza.

Countess, n. mke wa Count | jina
la heshima),

77

COURT

Counting, n. hesabu, idadi.

Countrified, a. -2 Aimashamba.

Country, n. inchi; (district) jimbo,
wilaya ; (people of) wafu wa inchi;
(not town) mashamba. The Zigua
country, Uzigua. The Shambara
country, Uskhambara.

Countryman, n. mtu wa mashamba,
mkulima; (of same country) mfu
wa kwetu (kwenu, kwao), ndugu,
wa kabila moja.

County, n. (fungu la inchi Inge-
reza, wilaya),

Couple, n. jozt, -wilt pamoja; (mar-
Tied) mume na mkewe.

v. funganisha mbili mbili, tia
pamoja, unga, funganisha.

Couplet, n. (mistari miwili ya ui-
mbo ao mashairi).

Courage, n. ushujaa, uthabiti, moyo,
moyo mgumu, ujasiri.

Courageous, a. -Shujaa, -gumu,
-kavu wa macho, -jasiri, thabiti.

Courier, n. mjumbe (wa-), talishi
(ma-); (guide, dragoman) kiongozi,
msimamizi wa safari,

Course, n. mwendo, maendeleo, ku-
pila, njia; (conduct) mwenendo,
maisha; (order) samu, taratibu,
kanuni; (part of banquet, &c.)
sehemu; (of a ship) mdstra; (race-
course) [mahali pa kushindanta
mbio), uwanja. The course of
events, mambo, mambo yenyewe,
mambo yalioyofuatana. Take a
different course, fanya vingine
shauri ngine). Ofcourse, kaswa,

ainabuddi, halisi. In duecourse,
kwa taratibu, kwa desturi. It is
a matter of course, haina buddt,
desturi, kanuni, sharti, In course
of time, siku sztkipita, halafu,
baadaye. Incourse of conversation,
katika kuongea. By course, kwa
zamu.

v. pita mbio, enda; (hunt)
winda, windisha mbwa.

Courser, n. frasi.

Coursing, n. (kushindanisha mbwa
za kuwinda|.

Court, n. uwanja, behewa, ua; (par

COURT 78

lace) makao ya mfalme, jumba la
mfalme; (courtiers) wafu wa
mfalme; (judges) jamz ya makathi,
baraza la hukumu, (respect) he-
shima, Pay court to, heshimu,
staht ; (woo) posa, bembelesa.

Court, v. heshimu, jipendekesa kwa;
(woo) bembelesa, posa, takia uchu-
mba; (seek) tafuta, jaribu kupata.

Courteous, a. -4 Courtesy, -stahifu.

Courteousness, n. ustahifu, heshe-
ma, adabu.

Courtesan, n. kahaba [ma-]}.

Courtesy, n. adabu, heshima, ustaht-
Ju, ungwana, jamala; (gesture of)
husujudu[mke), shtkamu. ‘Treat
with courtesy, slah:i, heshima, -pa
heshima.

Courtier, n. mfu wa mfalme.

Courtlinoss, n. ustahifu, adabu.

Courtly, a. = Courteous.

Court-martial, n. [daraza ya yema-
dart ao nakhotha la kuhukumu,
hukumu ya vitani |).

Courtship, n. ubembelezi, maposo,
wakali wa uchumba, uchumba.

Court-yard, n. ya | ny- |), kitalu, uwa-
nda; (in a house) behewa, kati.

Cousin, n. mjukuu (wa-|.

Cove, n. gubba ndogo ya bahari.

Covenant, n. maagano, sharti;
(written) mkataba, hati.

Cover, v. funika, funikiza; (put
over or across or in front of) wa-
mba; (conceal) setivi; (include)
chukua, weka. Cover same ground
as, kusika na.

—— , Covering, n. kifuniko, kisetiri ;
(case) kifumba, uo [nyuo]; (ofa
dish) kawa; (of a book) jalada ; (in
hunting) msifu, kichaka, magugu.

Coverlet, n. tandiko la kitanda juu.

Covert, n. maficho, maoteo.

—— a. <a siri, -4 Mila.

Covet, v. tamani, taka isivyo halalt.

Covetous, a. bakhili, -enyi choyo,
enyi tamaa, -kavu.

Covetousness, n. famaa, ubakhili,
ukavu, roho.

Covey, n. kundi | la ndege |.

Cow, n. ng'ombe jike,

CRAMP

Cow, v. ogofisha, Ita hofu, tiisha.

Coward, n. mwoga [wa-).

Cowardice, Cowardliness, n, woga,

Cowardly, a. -oga, -enys hofu;
(men) -"yonge, -baya.

Cower, v. szkunyata kwa hofu, tete-
meka, jikumja, —

Cow-herd, n. mchunga ngombe.

Cowl, n. (kifuniko cha kitwa cha
Monk, kofia kama mfuko}.

Cowry, n. kauri, kele ; (tiger) Aulsslu,

Coxcomb, n. mmalidadi, mpiga
madaha.

Cozswain, n. mkuu wa mashua,
Serangi.

Coy, a. -enyi haya, -a hofu, -nyamafu.

Cosen, v. kopa, punja, karamkia.

Crab, n. kaa (ya pwani |; (small) kaa
makoko

Crabbed, a. -4alt, -koroft; (difficult)
-gumu, -baya.

Crack, v. tia ufa, pasua, vunja;
(neut.) fanya ufa, pasuka; (nuts,
shells, &c.) danza; (joints of fingers)
alisha. Crack a whip, alisha mje-
ledt, Crack a joke, fanya mzaha,
piga ubishi. Crack up, sifu mno,
vumisha.

—n. ufa |ny-); (sound) kishindo;
(of thunder) radi,

Cracked, a. = Crazy.

Oracker, n. fataki | ya kuchezea ).

Crackle, v. (sa | kama fito sikipasuka,
ao gkiliwa na moto), alika.

Cradlo, n. kitanda cha mtoto mdogo.

—— v. weka | kama mtoto kitandani|.

Craft, n. (cunning) Ada, werevu;
(handicraft) kasi, uchumi; (vessel)
mashua, chombo, merikebu.

Craftiness, n. werevu, ujanja, hila.

Craftsman, n. fundi | ma-).

Orafty, a. -a hila, -erevu. :

Crag, n. mwamba uliochongoka,
jabali.
Oraggy, a. -4 kuchongoka, -enyi

mawe, -a mtamba,

Oram, v. jasa sana, shindilia, songa;
(with food) vimbisha, shibisha ;
(neut.) 7i/asa mno, jivimbisha.

Cramp, n. kikarusi ; (clamp) gango
(ma-).

|

CRANE

Crane, n. korongo; (for hoisting)
(mtambo wa kuinulia masito],
duara.

Cranium, n. kitwa, kombe la kitwa,
kifuu cha ubongo.

Crank, n. (chuma chenyi kombo|.

Cranky, a.-akombokombo,-aktkombo;
(weak) thatfu.

Cranny, n. ufa mdogo, kitundu.

Crape, n. | nguo nyeusi ya kuugulia,
utepe wa kukalia matanga |.

Crash, v. fanya kishindo; (move
with noise) enda kwa kishindo.

Crate, n. | tama tunga kubwa la filo|.

Crater, n.|siimola kali ya Volcoano|.

Oravat,n. | utepe wa kuvaa sh nent

Crave, v. (ask) s#hi, omba; (long
for, need) Zaka, hitaji, tamani.

Craven, a. -oga sana,

Craving, n. famaa ya nguvu, uchu,
malamani.

Crawl, v. tambaa, jikokota.

Cray-fish, Oraw-fish, n. kamba ya
mtons.

Crane, n. wasimo, kichaa, kinyongo.

— v. tta kichaa, rusha akili,
fathaisha.

Orasy, a.-enyi wasimo | kichaa, Sc. |),

mafuu.

Creak, v. lia [kama vyuma vikipa-
rusana |,

Cream, n. siagi, maziwa mazito ya
Juu; (best part) sehemu bora.

Crease, n. kunjo | ma-|, upindo | pi-
ndo), finyo (ma-|); (line) mfuo
[mes-], msitari (mi- |.

—— v. fanya Orease.

Create, v. umba, huluku; (make,
invent) fanya, fanyisa, vumbua,

kunga.

Creation, n. kuumba, muumbo; (uni-
verse) ulimwengu, viumbe vyote,
vite uyote; (act or time of) kuweka
ulimwengu.

Creator, n. muumba, mfanyiza. The
Creator, Muungu.

Creature, n. kifu, kiumbe ; (living)
kitu kisima (miu, nyama, ndege,
mdudu); (dependant) mfuasi, mtu.
Poor creature! maskini wee! Dear
creature! ce kipenzi |

79

CREMATION

Credence, n. sadiki, imani, Give
credence to,amini, sadthi,tumatnia.

Credentials, n. hati ya sifa, barua
ya kusadikisha, mathubutu,

Credibility, n. kuwa Credible,
uyamkini. I allow the credibility
of the story, naona mambo haya
yawesekana, ni yamkini.

Credible, a. -a kusadikiwa, -a kua-
miniwa, yamkini.

Credit, n. (trust) Zumaini, tmani;
(trustworthiness) waminifu; (re-
nown) sifa; (honour) heshima; (in-
fluence, weight) nguvu, ukubali;
(time for payment) muda [wa

dent}. Public credit, kuaminiwa
serkali, ahadi ya serkali. Give
credit to (praise), sifu. Take

on credit, amini pasipo mathu-
bufu. Allow credit, achia muda,
weka muda. Money on credit,
karatha. Have the credit of, sifiwa
kwa. Do credit to, patia sifa, pe-
ndeza. Letters of credit, hati ya
sifa, mathubutu, halt ya fetha.
Give (goods) on credit, opesha.
Receive on credit, kopa.

—— Vv. amint, sadiki, Credit a person
with, andikia, wekea; aminia.

Creditable, a. -a sifa, -ema, -enyt
heshima.

Creditor, n. (claimant) mdai [wa-],
mwit [wa-|. He is my creditor,
aniwia, nawiwa naye, mimi mdeni
wake.

Credulity, n. ubarathuli, ujinga.

Oredulous, a. -darathuli, -jinga.

Creed, n. zmani, kanuni la Imani,
(Mahommedan) shahada.

Creek, n. hort, gubba ndogo, mlo
[mes-]}.

v. (p. t. na pf. t. Crept)
tambaa, endelea polepole, jikokota.
Creep up to, myatia, nyemelea.

Creeper, n. | nyama ao mmea mwenyi
akamba), mtambaasi.

Creepy, Creeping, a. -fambaazi.
A creepy feeling, sensation, mnyco.

OCremate, v. ungusa maytts.

Cremation, n. kuunguza mayiti, ku-
choma mayitt, mwunguto.

CREOLE

Creole, n. | Mzungu mzalia wa Ame-
rika, nussu mweusi nussu mwe-

upe|.

Crept, p. t. na pf. t. ya Oreep.

Crescent, n. [sura ya mwezi mcha-
nga wenyi pembe|;. Maturuki,
dalili ya Maturuki.

Crest, n. (tuft) shungi, kishungi ;
(top) kilele, ncha ya juu; (of cock)
upanga wa jogoo; (heraldic) [a/a-
ma ya kuonyesha nasaba na ukoo,
kama chapa ya nishani).

Crestfallen, a. -a kushindwa, -a ku-
shushwa moyo, -a kuthifika.

Orevasse, n. shimo (ma-|, ufa mku-
bwa | katika barafu |.

Orevice, n. ufa mdogo.

Crew, n. jamit ya baharia, ubaharia;
(company) (kundi la watu wa-

baya).

p. t. ya Crow.

Crib, n. kifanda cha mtoto.

Cricket, n. [mcheso wa kizungu |;
(insect )[ mdudu kama nzige | nyenje,
panzi.

Cried, p. t. ya Ory.

Crier, n. (public) mpiga mbiu, mju-
mbe.

Crime, n. kuvunja sheria, tendo
baya, uhalifu, maasi, taksiri, tha-
mbi, mansa.

Criminal, a. na n, -fanya Orime,
-baya, -a thaméé.

Criminality, n. hatiya, uhalifu.

Crimson, n. na a. rangi nyekundu,
-ckhundu kama zambarau.

Cringe, v. shika miguu, jtinama,
Jinyata, nyenyekea.

Cripple, n. kiwele, -a kwenda chopi,
kilema.

|, vunja, poteza.

Crisis, n. kadari, shidda, mashaka;
(critical turning-point) kipeo, ma-
geust, mapinduzi,

Crisp, a. -gumu kidogo, -bichi, -pya,
-surt, -a kupendeza.

Criterion, n. (distinguishing mark)
(kitu cha kupambanulia ao cha
kuonya), tofauti, dalili, chapa;
(rule, standard) kanuni, kawaida ;
(test) hakika,

80

OROS8S

Critic, n. (fault-finder) hoj2, mtetasé,
mkinsant, mchungulizi; (judge)
mteust,mchagust, hakimu,mhakiki,
mtaka safi.

Critical, a. (discerning)-a kufahamu,
-a kupambanua, -a kuchagua, -a
kuhakikisha, -ahakimu,; (captious)
-a WA ; (dangerous) -a hatars,
-a shidi

Criticism, ‘n. mateto, laumu, uki-
nsani; (jadgement) ufeusi, ufa-
musi, ufahamifu,hukumu jaribu,

nja.

Criticize, v. (find fault) chungulia,
rahisisha, laumu; ; (judge, question)
hoji, tafutia, dadisi, hukumu.

Croak, v. /ta [kama chura ao kungu-
ru); (murmur) Zefa, leta habari
mbaya.

Crocodile, n. mamba.

Crone, n. kisee.

Crook, n. (hook) kota, ugwe, kulabu ;
(bend) kombo, pindi.

Crooked (Be), v. potoka, komboka.

a. -a ktkombo, kombokombo,
mshathali.

Crookedneas, n. kombo, kota.

Crop, n. (harvest) mavuno, masao,
matunda; (quantity) wingi; (of
a bird) #umzo, kibofu cha koo.

—— v. kata; (of animals) -/a [ma-
jani, &c.|. Crop up, tokea, one-
kana, suka.

Crosier, n. | fimbo ya askofu |.

Cross, v. (each other) pandana, pit
na; (river) vuka, (by tree, BS
tataga ; (sea) abiri, nga
mbo ya pili; (pass) pita; (obstruct,
interfere with) ssza, Aingama na,
pinga, sumbua, chokoza, tia mata-
fa; (be athwart) sata, kingamiza;
(pass each other) pifana. Cross
(arms, legs) packika, pakata, paka-

tisha (mikono, miguu). Cross
threads, rudufu. Cross breeds,
changanya mbegu. Cross oneself,

- jitta (alama ya) msalaba.

——n. msalaba; (trial) jaribu, taabu,
kinga.

a. “kali, -a hasira, -a chuki;

(athwart) -a. kwenda upande, Be

CROSS-BOW

81

CRY

cross (hard to please), deka, fanya, Crude, a. (immature, raw) -dzchi,

chuki.

Cross-bow, n. upindi [wa nguvu|.

Cross-examine, v. hojthoji, uzausa.

Cross-grained, a. -kaf:, -korofi, -a
chuki.

Crossing, n. (going over) kuvuka,
kivuko; (being athwart) mkinga-
mo; (cross-roads) panda la njia.

Crossing-place, n. kiwuko. j

Cross-question, v. hojthoj?, uzauza.

Cross-roads, n. njia panda, njia 2a
kukingama.

Cross-way, n. njia ya kukingama,

Crosswise, adv. kwa kukingama.

Crotchety, a. -2 kombokombo, -shu-
pafu, -shika nia zake, -a kasirani.

Crouch, v. jikunyata, inama, suta-
ma.

Croup, n. (ugonjwa wa kooni).

Crow, v. (of cock) waka; (of child)
lia kwafuraha. Crow over, cheka,
Stmanga, shangilia.

n. kunguru. As the crow flies,
kwa mwendo wa sawa sawa halisi,
moja kwa moja.

Crowbar, n. mtatmbo [ms-].

Crowd, n. kundi |ma-|, makutano,
matangamano, ghasia, umaati;
(common people) watu.

Vv. Somgana, somganisha, -ja
-tmgt; (fill) jaa, jaza. Crowd
round, songa

Crown, n. ¢ajz; (of head) upaa, uto-
St; (sovereign) mfalme; (perfec-
tion) uzuri, sifa, upeo, sehemu
bora, ukamilifu; ; (top) sehemu ya
Juu, kitwa, kilele.

v. ta laji, lawaza; (be at top
of) -wa juu ya; (reward) tuza, St-
tawisha,

Crucial, a. -a maana, -a kuonya, -a
kuhakikisha, -a kuthubutisha.,

Crucible, n. chungu [cha kuyeyushia

madint |.
Crucifix, n. a anamu ya Masiya
Juu ya ‘ msalaba , ya mchoro|.

Crucifixion, n. kusulibiwa, kusu-
lubu.

Cruciform, a. -4 namna ya msalaba.

Crucify, v. sulibisha, sulubu,

-changa; (unfinished) -szotenge-
nezwa; (uninstructed) -szofundi-
shwa; (foolish) - jinga.

Crudity, n. ubichi, ujinga.

Cruel, a. -kali, pasipo rehema, -baya,
katili,

Cruelty, n. ukali, ukatili.

Cruet, n. kifupa, kichupa. Cruet-
stand, vifupa vyenyi viungo, Diu-

ngo.

Oruise, v. vinjari, | merikebu | enda
huko na huko, zunguka.

Cruiser, n. manowari ya vinjari.

Crumb, n. chembe, kidogo, kombo
(ma-|.. The crumb (of a loaf),
nyama.

Orumble, v. fkicha; (neut.) fujika,
vurujika, geuka mavumbi, chakaa,
wa mavumbi; (of masonry)
mumunytka.

Crumbling, a. (light, loose soil,
Sec.) -téfu, -tifutifu.

Crumple, v. kunjakunja. Be crum-
pled, kunjana, kusanyana.

Crunch, v. saga, tafuna.

Crupper, n. mitafara, |tanzi
mkiani).

Crusade, n. [vita ya Wamasihiya
juu ya Maturuki samant), vita
ya dint, vita takatifu.

Crusader, n. mtu wa Crusade.

Crush, v. seta, ponda; (grind) saga ;
(ruin, overthrow) vunja, tisha,
angamiza, lemea sana.

——n. wafu wakisongana, ghasia,
uthia.

Crust, n. ganda la mkate; (surface
coating) «fandu; (on rice, &c.)
ukoko; (on teeth) wkoga; (on water)
ukoga, gaga; (as rust, mould) uku-
Su, kutu; (covering) kifuniko, cha
nje; (salt encrusted, &c.) chunyu.

Crusty, a. -gumu; (bad tempered)
-kali, -enyt kinyongo, -a chuki.

Crutch, n. (for oar) £z/e¢e; (support)
tegemeo ; (for walking with) mko-
ngojo [ ms-, wa kwapa).

Cry, v. /ta, guta, sema kwa sauti
kuu, paliza sauti; (for help) piga
yowe; (for mercy) /alama ; (shed

G

la

CRY 82

tears) lia, toka machozi,
at, pigia kelele.

Cry, n. kilo, ukelele, ukemi; (for help)
yowe; (of joy) kigelegele, hoihoi.
Crypt, n. Lehumba kilichofukuliwa

chini ya kanisa |.

Orystal, n. ( ziwe kama ktoo |.

Crystallization, n. (maji ku
jiwe zuri kama ktoo|, kukuuka,
kuganda,

Crystallize, v. fanya | fanyika |
Orystal, ganda, gandamana, geuka
ktoo, kauka.

Cub, n. mtoto [wa nyama ya mwitu |),
mwana mbwa.

Cube, n. (kitu cha miraba sila iliyo
sawa; hesabu fi hesabu ileile
fi hesabu ileile fullani, kama
2373.

Cubicle, n. pikato wa kulalia, pa
kulala.

Cubit, n. ¢hivaa, mkono;
thiraa konde.

Cuckoo, n. mtembe, ndege wa asali.

Cucumber, n. fango | ma- |.

Cud,n. Chew the cud, fafunatafuna
kama ng'ombe, cheua.

Cuddle, v. beba, bembeleza, pakata ;
(nestle) songana.

Cudgel, n. gongo| ma- |, rungu | ma-).
Take up the cudgels for, pigania.
Cudgel one’s brains, jisumbua
akili.

Cue, n. Lagi wa kuchezea Baga-
telle, &c.}; (hint) Azonyo, ishara,
shauri, habari, Give a cue to,
onya, ashiria.

Caff, n. (of dress) sijafu; (rough
push) mdukuo, konzi,

v. piga konde | konzi, mdukuo|.

Cuirass, n. (wasi la asikari, kama
kisibau cha madini).

Culinary, a. -4 upishi, -a kupika.

Cull, v. chuma, chagua, kusanya.

Culminate, v. fika juu, fika upeo,
isha; (reach perfection) iva, kami-
lika, silawi.

Culmination, n. ncha ya juu, upeo,
kipeo, mwisho, usitawt,

Culpability, n. -wa na hatiya.

Culpable, a. -enyi hatiya, -a kupa-

Cry out

(short)

CURBSTONE

siwa hukumu, -a kustahili athabu,
-a kukosa.

Culprit, n. mkosaji, mwenyi hatiya.

Cult, n. dint, iwada, heshima.

Cultivate, v. ima, panda; (increase)
sttawisha, ongesa; (improve) fenge-
neza, fundisha, ongoza, endeleza.

Cultivated, a. (land, &c.) -/zolimwa,
-Hotengeneswa ; (mind) -a elimu,
-a adili.

Cultivation, n. mlimo, kilimo,
tunza; (education) malesi, ma-
Jundisho, adili, ujuzi.

Cultivator, n. mwengi kulima, &c.
(7a. Cultivate).

Culture, n. limo; (education) ma-
lest, malezi masuri ; (manners)
adabu, ungwana.

Cultured, a. -myz Culture.

Cumber, v. suza, sumbua, ta ma-
tata.

Cumbrouws, a, -stf0, -kubwa mno, -a
uthia,

Cumulative, a.
kupakisa.

Cuneiform, a. -a mfano wa kabari,
-a kipembe.

Ounning, n. werevu, ujanja, hila.

—— a. -erevu, -a hila, kalam'st.

Cup, v. umika, tia chuku.

— n. kikombe [vi-]; (metal) hopo
[ma-].

Cupboard,n. sanduku[yakusemama,
ya kuangika ukutani), kabadi.

Cupidity, n. famaa, shauko, uchu,
roho.

Cupola, n. kuba, sege.

Cupper, n. mumishi [wa-}.

Cupping-horn, n. chuku.

Cur, n. mbwa mdogo, kijibwa.

Curable, a. -a kuponyeka.

Curacy,n. (basi ao makaoya Curate|.

Curate, n. | padre ao kasisi mdogo);
(Mahommedan minister of mosgue)
imamu.

Curative, a. -a kuponya.

Curb, v. suia kwa hatamu ; (restrain)
zuta.

n. djamu ya nguvu; kizuio.

Curbstone, n. siwe la kando la njia,
Jiwe la ukingo.

-a kusidisidi, -a

CURD 83
Curtail, v. kini, nyima, kata, katiza,

Curd, n. maziwa yaliyoganda, ma-
gandi ya maziwa.

Curdle, v. mana, His blood
curdled, alistushwa, alishangaa.

Cure, v. ponya, ponyesha; (meat,

Sc.) mg'onda, tia chumvi, tig

dawa tsioze, kolea.
——n. kupona, kupoza; mapozo,
dawa. j

Curfew, n. | kengele ilioonya zamani
saa ya kuzima moto na kulala usi-

ku).

Curiosity, n. kioja, hedaya, tunu,
aztzi, kitu kigeni, ajabu ; (inquisi-
tiveness) ujuvi, utafit?, upekuzi,
udadisi, uchungulezt.

Curious, 2. -a funu, -a mtindo, -a
peke yake, -ngent, -a ajabu; (in-
quisitive) -juvi, -tafiti, -chungu-
list.

Curl, v. sokota, pinda ;
(waves) inuka.

—— n. msongo wa nyele, msokoto,

Curlew, n. sululu, kipila.

Carly, a. -a Ausokotwa, -a msongo,

Currant, n. zabibu kavu ndogo.

Currency, n. desturi, matumizi;
(money) sarafu, fetha.

Current, n. (of water) mkondo wa
maji; (course, succession) 2724,
maendeleo, mafuatano (| ya mambo}.

kunja,

siku hisi, -a watu wengi.

Curriculum, n. Zarafibu, kawaida.

Curry, n. mchuzi ; (powder) bizari.

—v. pika kwa bizari; (cure) £e-
ngeneza ngozi; (groom) fengeneza
manyoya ya |) frasi. Curry favour,

Jt Eza.

Curse, v. /aant, tukana, apiza;
(neut.) apa, daani.

n. Jaana [ma-]|, apizo [ma-],
matukano.

Cursive, a. [mwandiko kama wa
barua, wa kuandika upesi, si kama
harufu za chapa|.

Cursory, a. -4 haraka.

Curst, p.t. za pf.t. ya Curse; a.
-Holaantwa, -a kustahili laana.
Curt, a. -4 haraka, -sto adabu,

-chache, -a kukatiza,

Curvet, V.

Customary, a.

a. -4 desturi, -a kutumika, -a

CUT

Jupisha, punguza.

Curtain,n. fasia [ma-], msuto[mi-),

chandalua; (screen) ukingo.

Curtsy, n. kuinama, kushika mguu.
—— v. fanya Curtsy, (mwanamke |

sujudu shika mguu.

Curve, n. kizingo, mviringo, lao,

Pindi, mzunguko, kombo, ukombo.

Curved, a.-enyi Curve, -a mviringo,

-a kupetemana, -a kupindtka.
rukaruka | frasi),
randa.

Cushion,n.mfo (mi- |; (large) takia

(ma-).

Custard, n. [maandasi ya maziwa

na mayayi na sukali |).

Custard-apple, n. (fruit) Zogetope,

slafele ; (tree) mtopetope | mi- |.

Custodian, n. mlinzi, msimamizi,
Custody, n. (prison) geresa, kifungo,

minyororo; (guardianship) ulinzi,
usimamizi. Have in safe custody,
funga sana, tunza sana.

Custom, n. desturi, ada, mathehebu,

kawaida. :
-@ desturi, -a kas
watda.

Customer, n. mnunuzi | wa-|.
Custom-house, n. fortha.
Customs, Customs duties, n. ushu-

ru, kodi.

Cut, v. (p. t. wa pf. t. Cut) sata;

(planks) pasua; (logs) chonga;
(chop, prune) chenga; (firewood)
chanja; (carve) fanyiza kwa kukata,
chora; (give pain to) umtsa, choma

moyo, chukiza; (renounce friend-

ship) kataa urafiki ; (pass without
notice) ambaa; (castrate) kasi.
Cut down (expenses), punguza
(gharama). Cut in, jitia, jiingiza.
Cut out, (outdo) siinda, (contrive)
Janyiza. Cut off, katia mbati,
katiza. Cut up, sata vipande
vipande; (annoy) sumbua, tia hu-
sunt. Cutopen, fumbua. Cut (a
tooth), nunuza, ota | jino|. Cut
and run, kimbia upesi. Cut hair,
nyoa. Cut a caper, raka, randa.
Cut a fine figure, fanya fahari,
G 2

CUT

Be cut and dried, -wa baridi, -wa
“kukuu. Cut a pencil, chonga
kalamu.

Cut, n. kukata, mkato, pigo; (style)
ginsi, mtindo, bab. A short cut,
njia ya kukata. Geta cut (be cut),
katwa.

Cutaneous, a. -a ngozi.

Cuticle, n. mgozz.

Cutlass, n. upanga mfupi, jisu, bu-
chart.

Cutler, n. muza visu, makasi, Sc.

Cutlery, n. [d:¢haa ya visu, makasi,
nyembe, 8c. |.

Cutlet, n. Upande cha nyama kili-
chopikwa |.

Cutter, n. Ja cha kizungu ;
mtu |kitu| mwenyi kukata (Tas.
Cut).

Cutthroat, n. mwaaji | wa- |.

Cutting, Cut, n. (act of) kukafa,
mchongo; (piece cut) kato [ma-],
we tool) choro; (of plant) kifawi

v-).

a. -a kukata; (causing pain) -a@
kuchukiza, -a kuchoma, -kals.

Cuttle-fish, n pwesa,

Cutwater, n. (of a vessel) ana-
mu.

Cycle, n. (regular succession) duara,

‘ andamo, mafuatano; (regular
period) muda [muhulla| msima,
kipindi; (for riding) [gard jepesi |.

Cyclone, n. tufanu ya chamchela,
tufanu kuu, thdruba, kimbunga.

Cyclopaedia, n. | kilabu chenyi maa-
vifa ya mambo yote), kamusi.

Cyclopean, a. -kubwa mno [kama
kazi ya majitu|.

Cylinder, n. (kitu kirefu cha mvi-
ringo, kama mzinga ao bomba).

Cylindrical, a. kama Cylinder.

Cymbal, n. toaz? [ma-].

Cynic, n. mtharau mema, mtweza
adili, mgumu.

Cynical, a. -a Cynic.

Cynicism, n. fabia ya Cynic.

Cynosure, n. [itu cha kuvuta macho,
cha kutazamisha watu).

Cypress, n. mit).

Csar, n. mfalme wa Russia.

84

DANCING-HALL

D.

Dab, v. chachaga.

Dabble, v. chovyachovya, cheza-
cheza majini; (treat superficially)
chesea, onja, purukusha.

Dabbler, n. mjipurukusha.

Dagger, n. (curved) zambia.

Daily, adv. naa. -a killa siku, siku
zole. Daily wages, pesa sa kuchwa.

Daintiness, n. kuwa Dainty.

Dainty, a. -a kupendeza, -tamu,
-zuri; (fastidious) (-chagua mazuri
ao matamu tu) -teuzt, -chagust.

Dairy, n. ghala ya maziwa.

Dais, n. kit: cha juu, jukwaa, dungu.

Daisy, n. [wa wa Kizungu |.

Dale, n. bonde.

Dalliance, n. kuchezacheza.

Dally, v. chezacheza, fanya uzembe.

Dam, n. boma la kuzuia maji, kizui-
20, kizingiti; (mother) mama
(mnyama).

v. £wia maji [bakart), fanya
kizingiti mtoni.

Damage, v. karibu, hasiri, vunja.

—— n. hasara, mathara, shari.

Damask, n. Sham [nguo].

Dame, n. mke mzee, bibi mzee.

Damn, v./aani, sema “potelea mbali,
tukana, apiza.

Damnable, a, -baya sana, -lainifu.

Damnation, n. /aana ya milele,
athabu ya kutengwa na Muungu.

Damnatory, a. -a kupasisha huku-
mu, -a kuleta laana, -a kuapisa.

Damp, a. kimaji, -a maji maji, che-
pechepe, rutuba, -nyefu.

v. rutubisha, tia maji; (dis-
courage) suza, poza. Get damp,
rutubika, loweka.

——, Dampness, n. rétuba, umaji,
unyefu.

Damsel, n. kijana mwanamke.

Damason, n. [(tundakama sambarau |.

Dance, v. cheza [ngoma kwa miguu);
(with joy) randa, rukaruka; (a
child) vinyavinya.

n. mchezo, ngoma.

Dancing-hall, n. afisa.

DANDLE 85

Dandle, v. vinyavinya.

Dandy, n. mmalidadi [wa-], mlt-
mbwende | wa-), mbeja, mbuji.

Dane, n. mfu wa Denmark.

Danger, n. hatari, hofu, kicho, ma-
shaka. Put in danger, katirisha,
tia hatarini.

Dangerous, a. -a hatari, &c.

Dangle, v. ning’ iniza ; (neut.) ni-
ng'inia.

Dapper, a. (mtu) mdogo na mpesi.

Dappled, a. -a madoadoa.

Daro,v. hubufu, jasiri yaribia: ; (defy)
piga sharti, taka shari. I dare
you to strike me, kuthubutu kuni-
piga. I dare say, /abuda, naona.

Daring, a. yasiri, gumu.

—n. ujasiri, Ugumu.

Dark, a. -a giza, usi; (secret)
-a Sirt; (wicked) -0vu; (ignorant) )
Jinga,-shenzi. Dark Ages, samant
za ujinga,=Middle Ages. Dark
saying, fumbo, maneno ya fumbo.

——, Darkness, n. giza, Weusi.
Keep in the dark, ficha, setirt.

Darken, v. ta giza, povusha; (per-
plex) t2a mashaka ; (sadden) ondoa

raha.

Darling, n. kipenzi.

Darn, v. shona, tihiia.

Dart, n. (sudden rush) ruko; (missile)
sagat, kishale, kiparara.

v. (throw) Zupa, piga; (emit)
toa upesi ; (rush) ruka, enda upesi.

Dash, v. (throw) Zupa kwa nguvu;
(rush) enda mbio, puruka; (de-
stroy) vunja, haribu ; (put hastily)
tia kwa haraka, fanya kwa haraka;
(of waves, Sc.) pigapiga, ruka-
ruka.

[tendo jepesi la nguvu);
(shock) mshindo; (rain) mashaka,
maangamizi; (vigour) bidii, ngu-
vu; (small quantity) #idogo ; (line)
mstart.

Dashing, a. jasiri, -a kwenda mbio,
hodari.

—— n. mshindo [wa maji).
Dastard, n. (tu) mnyonge, mwoga,
mbaya.

Dastardly, a. -nyonge, -a woga.

DAZE

Data, n. mambo ya haktka.

Date, n. (fruit) Zende, (tree) mtende
mi}: (time) tarihi, mwaka na
mwezi na siku ya jambo Jfuilani.
From this date, Zangu tarihi hii,
tangu leo.

—— v. ta tariht, (andika mwaka
mwezi siku ya jambo fullani|.
Date from, -wa Zangu. It dates
from, mwanzo wake ni, imekuwa
tangu. This custom dates from
ancient times, desturi htt imekuwa
tangu siku za kale, mwanzo wake
zamani sana.

Daub, v. paka, paka vibaya...

Daughter, n. binti, mtoto mke,
mwana,kijana. Daughter-in-law,
mkwe.

Daughterly, a. -a bint:, kama binti.

Daunt, v. zuia kwa hofu, ogofya,
titsha, stusha, shinda.

Dauntless, a. -s10 na hofu, -jasirt.

Daw, n. (ndege kama kunguru
mdogo).

Dawdle, v. Zanga, fanya usembe,
tundawaa.

Dawn, n. affajiri, kucha, mapamba-
suko, ukungu, weupe wa assubut ;
(beginning) mwanzo.

—— v. pambazuka; (begin) anza.
It dawned upon him, mza ilimwi-
ngtlia moyoni, ilianza kumwelea.

Day, n. siku; (time of daylight)
mchana, kuchwa; (period) wakat?,
maisha, muda. All day, mchana
kuchwa. Day-labourer, . kibarua.
Good-day, (greeting) zambo. Every
other day, e/a siku ya pili, Day
by day, Day after day, From day
to day, siku kwa siku. The day
after to-morrow, kesho kutwa. The
third day, mtondo, The fourth
day, mtondo goo. This day week,
siku ya nane; (a week ago) langu
siku saba. Win the day, shznda.
A day’s wage, pesa sa kuchwa.

Daybreak, Day-spring, n. = Dawn.

Daylight, n. mchana.

Daze, v. stusha, fathatsha, rusha
akili, tia bumbuazi, shangaza.

—— n. bumbuazi, mshangao, fathaa.

DAZZLE 86

DEBUT

Dazzle, v. fanya kiwi, tia kiwi ma-| Dealing, n. (trade) biashara, uba-

chont, shangasza, staajabisha.

Deacon, n. shemasi [ma-].

Dead, a. -fu, -Hokufa; (deceased
person) marehemu; (lifeless, feeble)
kama kifu, -kavu, baridi, pasipo
nguvu, pasipo fayida; (that has
lost feeling) -pooza. Be dead,
fariki, fa, kwisha. Dead body,
(of man) mayifi ; (ofanimals dying
naturally) pinda, msoga [mi-].
Dead language, [/ugha ya kale
tsiyotumtka sasa, kama tmekufa).
Dead letter, sz -enyz nguvu. ‘The
law is a:dead letter, sheria imekufa.

. Dead sleep, usingizi mzito. Dead
weight, kifu kizito cha kulemea.
Dead colour, vangt tstyong’aa.
Dead heat, kushindana sawa sawa.
Dead level, sawa sawa kabisa.
Dead shot, [mtu asiyekosa shebaha
stku'sote|. Dead certainty, takika
pasipo shaka. Deadlock, matata
yasiyo na mwisho, mwisho wa
maneno, mashaka matupu, kusi-
mama. Dead calm, siwari kuu.

—— n. Dead of night, usiku wa
manane, The dead, waltofarth:.

Deaden, v. ondolea nguvu, thoofisha,
legesa, pooresha ; (lessen) punguza,
nyamasisha, tuliza.

Deadly, a. -a kufisha, wa mauti,
-baya sana ; (aim) -siokosa shebaha.

Deadness, n. wlege/u, uthaifu, uzito,
baridi, upooso.

Deaf, n. A deaf person, kisiwi
[vs-].

Desfen, v. fta kiziwi, shinda masi-

Deal, v. (p. t. #a pf. t. Dealt) (dis-
tribute) gawanya; (act) Zenda;
(trade) fanya biashara. Deal with,
shughulika na, -wa na neno na;
(arrange) tengeneza, kata. Deal
in, “sa na nunua.

n. (wood) sunobari ; (quantity)
wingi; (in cards, &c.) mgawo. A
great deal, wingi. A good deal
of, -ingi kidogo.

Dealer, n. mchurusi (wa-), -enyi
duka, bazazi | ma-).

sazi, shughuli ; (affairs, conduct)
mambo, matendo, mwenendo.

Dealt, p. t. #a pf. t. ya Deal.

Dean, n. (mkuu wa makasisi wa
Cathedral]. ,

Deanery, n. (kazi ao makao ya
Dean }.

Dear, a. (beloved) -pfenzi, -a kupe-
ndeza; (in letters) muhebbi; (ex-
pensive) ghali, -a thamani. Get
dear, ehalika. Oh dear! ah-ah!
mama wee! Dear me! doo!

Death, n. mauti, kifo, kufa, ufu,
ajali, farrathi; (end, ruin) mwi-
sho, maangamizi. At death’s door,
kufani, kuchungulia kusimu.
a natural death, (animal) -fa ki-
pinda, (man) -fa ajali.

Debar, v. #inga, zuta, kataza.

Debase, v. (degrade) ¢hs/t, shusha,

bu; (lower value of) rahkzszsha,
ghoshi.

Debasement, n. uthilifu, unyonge,
uthaifu, ubaya, hali baya; (de-
preciation) #haribifu, kughoshi.

Debate, n. maneno, kubishana kwa
maneno, ugomut, shauri, hoja.

v. bishana kwa maneno, hoji
hoji, jadiliana, fanya shauri,

rt.

Debauch, v. (spoil) poteza adili,
potosha, haribu; (corrupt) pevusha,
#omaza, tongoza.

— n..karamu mbaya [ya ulafi na
ulevij.

Debauchee, n. mwasherati, mlafi,
mlevi.

Debauchery, n. uasherati, ulafi na
ulevi,

Debenture, n. sat: ya fetha, sharti.

Debilitate, v. thoofisha, punguza afya,
ondolea nguvu.

Debility, n. uthatfu, ulegefu.

Debit, v. andikia fetha, karithisha.

Debouch, v. toka, tokea.

Debris, n. fakafaka, kifusi.

Debt,n.deni. Bein debt, wiwa, -wa
nadeni. Have in one's debt, wia,

Debtor, n. mdeni | wa-).

Debut, n. mwanzo, tokeo.

Die .

DECADE

87

DECOY

Decade, n. mwongo[mi-]; mudawa|Decision, n. hkukumu, maamuzi,

miaka kumi.

Decadence, n. ufunguo, uharibifu.

Decalogue, n. amri kumi za Musa.

Decamp, v. kimbia, ondoka, vunja
kituo.

Decant, v. foa mvinyo chupani,
mimina.

Decanter, n. chupa ya kutia mvinyo.

Decapitate, v. kata kitwa.

Decapitation, n. kukata | kukatwa |
kitwa.

Decay, v. Aaribika, oza, chakaa, fifia ;
(diminish) funguka.

——n.upunguo,uharibifu,kuosa, 8c.

Decease, v. -fa, fariki, isha.

Deceased, n. marehemu.

Deceit, n. kila, hadaa, uwongo,
udanganifu, madanganya, ujanja.
Deceitful, a. -danganifu, -a hila

erevu, -janja,

Deceitfulness, n. udanganifu, &c.

Deceive, v. danganya, punja, kopa,
karamkia, shaua,

Deceiver, n. mtu wa hila, Sc. ( Taz.
Deceit), ayart.

December, n. | mwest wa thenashara
wa mwaka kizungu |.

Decency, n. adabu, heshima, uzuri.

Decennial, a. -2 killa mwaka wa
kumi.

Decent,a.-a adabu,-a heshima,-suri.

Deception, n. 4#/a, werevu.

Deceptive, a. -4 kudanganya, -a hila,
enyi matata, -a kutia mashaka.

Decide, v. (a cause, quarrel) kafa
maneno, amua; (resolve) asimu,
nia, kusudia.

Decided, a. wasi, Pasipo shaka, tha-
hiri; (resolute) -2UMU, -4 NEUVU.
Deciduous, a. [-a kuota na kufifia
kwa muda wake|, -a kupukutika.

Decimal, n. mwongo (mi-).

Aa Mi Decimal system,
(kuhesabu hwa miongo, ndio kumi
kumi. Decimal coinage, | fetha ya
kuhesabika kumi kumi).

Decimate, v. wa killa mtu wa kumi.

Decipher, v. pata kusoma, kufasiri
(maandiko mageni ao magumu |;
pata kusikia maana ya.

mwisho wa maneno; (resolution)
ugumu, nguvu, uthabiti.

Decisive, a. (clear) wazi, halisi,
pasipo shaka; (final) -a kukata
maneno, -a kushinda, -a nguvu,
mkataa, lamma.

Deck, v. pamba, vika vizuri.

—— n. sitaha, dari..

Declaim, v. sema kwa sauti kuu,
paliza sauli; (practise speaking)
Jifunza unenaji, jizoeza kunena.

Declamation,n. maneno ya makelele,
usemi wa kiburi, usemaji.

Declamatory, a. -a makelele.

Declaration, n. kabari, taarifu, ta-
ngas0, maneno.

Declaratory, a.
biri.

Declare,v. nena kwa nguvu, tangaza,
thihirisha, vumisha.

Declension, n. sama Decline, n. ;
(grammat.) (ginsi ya kubadilika
Noun}.

Declination, n. sama Decline, n

Decline, v. (refuse) kafaa; (slope)
inama ; (go down) shuka ; (lessen)
punguka; (turn aside) enda upande,
potoka.

——n. (sloping) mainamisi, kuina-
ma,kushuka,telemko; (diminution)
upunguo, kuchakaa, uharibifu ;
(phthisis) kifua.

Declivity, n. telem’ko, kilima.

Decoction, n. (dawa ya vitu vilivyo-
pikwa).

Decompose, v. (analyse) vunja, geusa
hali ya asili, geusa; (putrefy)
ozesha, oza.

Decomposition, n. (analysis) mvun-
Jo; (putrefaction) shove, uost, kiosa.

Decorate, v. zamba, remba,

Decoration,n. panbo[ma-},urembo;
(medal) nishani,

Decorative, a. -a kupamba, -a kulia
uzuri.

Decorous, a. -a adabu, -a heshima.

Decorum, n. adabu, heshima.

Decoy, v. Tega, nasa, vuta, shawishi.

—— n. mtego |mi- ), kitu cha kulegea;
(bait) chambo.

-a kueleza, -a kuhu-

DECREASE

Decrease, v. funguka, pungua.
Decree, n. amri, agizo, hukumu.
v. oa amri, amuru. Fate de-
crees it, #2 ajalt, Muungu.
Decrement, n. upungufu.
Decrepit, a. ‘hatfu | kwa uszee, ku-
chakaa, &c.), -kukuu, -hongwe.
Decrepitude, n. ukongwe, halt thatfu.
Decry, v. laumu, tea hatiyant, singi-
sta, thavau, rahisisha, umbua.
Dedicate, v. weka wakf, fanya -ta-
katifu, sindua, tabaruku; (devote)
toa, weka, funga kabisa; (a book)
andikia | kitabu | anwani.
Dedication, n. (speech, ceremony)
hitima ya kuzindulia, msinduo,
kutabaruku; (offering) kutoa, ku-
- weka.

Deduce, v. onya maana, elesa, fasiri

maana. | deduce, kwa sababu hiyo
nasema, basst naona.

Deduct, v. toa, chukua, katia, twalia.

Deduction, n. mkato, tliotolewa,
nussu tliyotwaliwa, It is a fair,
natural deduction that, mambo haya
yaonya, maana ya maneno ndiyo
hit, kwa sababu hii twaona, nt
thahirs.

Deductive, a. -a kuonya maana, -a
kueleza, -a kuthihirisha.

Deed, n. ?endo, kitendo, kasi; (great
deed) zZendo kubwa ; (legal) kati
mkataba |mi- |.

Deen, v. thani, ona, hesabu.

Deep, a. -a kwenda chint; -a kwenda
nyuma,-andant,-refu; -ingt,-nene,
-2tto; (deceitful) -7anja, -erevu.
A deep river, mto wa maji mengi.
Deep respect, heshima nyingi.
Deep silence, kimya kabisa. Deep
darkness, giza nene |(nsito). Deep
colour, rangi nyingi |nyeusi,nzilo |,
Deepthought, fkaranyingi. Deep

sound, saufi mene. Deep subject,
jambo la fumbo, (la sirt, lenyt ma-
tata, gumu). Deep secret, sez
kubwa. Deep mouming, Ausunt
nyingi, nguo za kuugulia. Soldiers
six deep, asikari safu sita. He is
deep in his book, anasoma sana
kitabu chake.

88

, | Defective,

DEFENSIVE

Deep, 0. bahari kuu; (deep water)
kilindi, lindi. In the deep of the
heart, moyoni kwa ndani, kimayo-
moyo.

Deepen, v. ongeza urefu | wa kwenda
chini ao nyuma ao ndani); (in-
crease) ongeza, (neut.) ongeseka.

Deeply, adv. sana.

Deer, n. (nyama yo yote ya mfano wa
paa, kulungu, &c.).

Deer-stalking, n. kuwinda Deer.

Deface, v. karibu, umbua, geuza

Defacement, n. uharibifu, kuumbua.

Defamatory, a. -2 kusingizia, &c. -
(7az. Defame).

Defame, v. singizia, umbua, rahi-
sisha.

Default, n. kosa | la kutofanya ipasa-
vyo); ulegevu, upungufu, kuto-
fanya. In default of, ziwa hapana,
isipokuwa, mahali pa.

Defaulter, n. mfu wa Default,
mkosaji | wa- |.

Defeat, v. shinda, kimbiza, piga,
vunja.

——n. kushindwa, kufukuzwa, ku-
batilika, ushinde.

Defect, n. upungufu, ila, kombo,
kipunguo, kosa, kasoro.

Defection, n. kutoroka, kupotoka,

a. -enyt Defect.

Defence, n. kulinda, ulinst, hamaya;
(plea, answer) maneno ya kutetea,
majibu, madai; (vindication) 4u-
shindania ; (anything which pro-
tects) kinga.

Defenceless, a. pasipo nguvu | rafiki,
boma, asikari, msaada, mlinsz, Stc. }
tupu, thatfu.

Defend, v. (guard) /inda, hsfathz,
simamia; (speak for) ¢efea, shu-
hudia, sayidia; (in court) data.

Defendant, n. mshtakiwa.

Defensible, a. -a kulindwa, -a ngu-
UU; (capable of vindication) -a
maana, -a kuthubuteka.

Defensive, a. -a kujilinda tu. De-
fensive armour, se/aha sa kukinga
(ngao, nguo za chuma, &c.|. De-
fensive alliance, uraftki wa ku-

DEFER

kingia (kusuia| vita. Be on the
defensive, 7z/z2da.

Defer, v. weka, cheleza, akhirisha,

kawisha. Defer to, ondokea, kubali

maneno ya, jitoa kwa. fanyia urathi.

Deference, n. (kufanya) heshima,
utii, urathi, ustahifu.

Deferential, a. -stahifu, -a | kutoa)
heshima.

Defiance, n. kufaka vita (shari),
maneno ya kutaka vita, kuita kuja
kupigana.

Defiant, a. -a kutaka vita,
tharau, -a kiburi.

Deficiency, n. upungufu, kipunguo,
kidogo, uchache, haba, kasoro.

Deficient, a. pungufu, -kosefu, haba,
kidogo. He is deficient in sense,
hana akili nyingi.

Deficit, n. kipunguo cha mali, hasara.

Defile, n. [xjza nyembamba ya mili-
manzi), mlango, bonde, pembamba.

—— v. majisi, chafua, tia taka;
(march) pita mmoja mmoja |asi-
kart); (seduce) 82k:77, tongoza.

Defilement, n. ujust, uchafu, unajisi.

Define, v. onya halisi, eleza halisi,
aint, ainisha, eleza maana yote.

Definite, a. halisi, thahiri, wazi,
enyi maana moja.

Definition, n. ¢/es0, mafafanusi,
tafsiri.

Definitive, a. -a kukata maneno,
makataa.

Doflect, v. vuta upande, potosha,
geuza; (neut.) enda upande, po-
toka, geuka.

Deflection, n. kwenda upande.

Deform, v. umbua, haribu, geuza
vibaya.

Deformed, a. kilema [vi-], -a ku-
umbuka, -enyi kombo.

Deformity, n. /emaa, kombo.

Defraud, v. thalimu, punja, kopa.

Defray, v. lifa, ondoa gharama.

Defunct, a. -/u, marehemu.

Defy, v. sz ogopa, tharau; (call to
fight) Zaka shari, ila kuja kupi-
gana; (provoke) folea ujuvi, kaidi,
fanya kiburi kwa, piga masharti,
I defy you to do it, #kiweza, juu

-a ku-

89

DELIBERATE

yangu kulipa, usipoweza, juu yako:
huwezi wee.

Degeneracy, n. kama Degenera-
tion.

Degenerate, v. Aaribika tabia, rudia
ushenzi, zidi kuwa -baya, punguka,
thooftka, geuka vibaya.

a. -ltoharibtka, -liogeuka vibaya.

Degeneration, n. "kuharibika tabia,
kugeuka hali vibaya.

Degradation, n. uthilifu, aibu, upu-
ngufu wa cheo.

Degrade, v. shusha, thili, tweza,
aibisha, ondolea cheo, punguza he-
shima.

Degree, n. (rank) daraja, cheo;
(amount) kadiri; (in measure-
ment) | kipimo cha kupimia duara
na pembe). By degrees, kedogo
kidogo, polepole, punde kwa punde.
In a certain degree, kidogo, nussu,
kadiri. Toa degree, sana, mno.

Deify, v. fanya Muungu, heshimia
mno.

Deign, v. kubali, rithia, penda.
Deign to listen, Zafathali ustki-
lize.

Deism, n. [mani ya kusema, ‘ Naa-
mint kunaye Muungu, bass’).

Deist, n. miu wa Deism.

Deity, D. Kungu, umuungu, mu-
ungu |mi-).

Dejected, a. -a huzuni, -zilo, -a ku-

. stkitika.

Dejection, n. huzuni, moyo mztio,
sikitiko.

Delay, v. kawisha, usirisha, akhi-
risha, cheleza, faitisha; (neut.)
kawa, kawta, faili.

——n. ukawio, ukawa, usiri, 2uto;
(interval) muda, muhulla.

Delectable, a. -2 kupendeza, -tamu.

Delectation, n. furaha, mapendezi,

Delegate, v. ‘uma, wakilisha, agiza.
Delegate to, wekea, tolea, agista.

n. mjumbe (| wa- |, wakili | ma- |.

Delegation, n. kufuma, &c.; wa-
Jumbe, Sc. (Taz. Delegate).

Deleterious, a. -haribifu, -potevu,

Deliberate, v. (take counsel) fanya
maneno, fanya shaurt, hojiana,

DELIBERATE 90

' barizt; (reflect) fikiri, wasa, a-
ngalta.

Deliberate, a. -angultfu, -a hathari,
pasipo haraka, -a kusudi. A de-
liberate falsehood, #wongo halisi.

Deliberately, adv. kwa kuangalia,
makusudi; (slowly) polepole, ta-
ratibu, kidogo kidogo.

Deliberation, n. (discussion) ma-
neno, shauri; (consideration) fika-
ra, uangalifu, taratibu, hathari.

Deliberative, a. -a kufanya shauri.
A deliberative assembly, darasa.

Delicacy, n. (refinement) adabu;
(care) wangalifu; (nice dish) cha-
kula kitamu, &c. (Tas, Delicate).

Delicate, a. (pleasing) -@ upe-
ndeza, -Lamu, -zuri; (soft) -eroro;
(fine) -dogo; (slender) -embamba ;
(smooth) -/aimi; (slight) -epesz;
(refined) -a adabu; (careful) -anga-
lifu. A delicate business, jambo

“Aa matata, -gumu. In delicate
health, marra kwa marra ha-
west.

Delicious, a. -a kupendeza mno,
zuri mno, -lamt mno.

Delight, n. furaha.

— v. furahisha, pendeza sana.

Delightful, a. -a kupendeza sana,
-a kufurahisha sana.

Delimitation, n. kuandika mipaka.

Delineate, v. (draw, paint) andika,
piga sanamu ya; (describe) fafanua
kwa maneno, onyesha halisi.

Delineation, n. kuandika, Sc. (Taz.
Delineate).

Delinquency, n. kosa, hatiya.

Delinguent, n. mkosaji, mwenyi
hatiya.

Delirious, a. -enyi kupayukapayuka
[Awa ugonjwa ao ulevi), -a kupa-
payuka. He is delirious, haneni
kwa akili, hana akili.

Delirium, n. #ali ya Delirious,
mapayo, mahoka, wasimu.

Deliver, v. (save) okoa, ponya, hz-
fathi; (give out, hand over) ka-
bith, toa, salimtsha, weka. Deliver
a speech, toa maneno, hubiri. Be
delivered of a child, -zaa mtoto,

DEMISE
Jifungua mtoto. Deliver a blow,

ga.

Deliverance, n. wokovu, wokozi,
ukombozi; (utterance) kutoa | ma-
neno wasi, mahubiri); (chiid-
birth) usazi.

Deliverer,n.mwokozi(wa-|. _

Delivery, n. kama Deliverance;
(mode of speaking) (ginsi ya ku-
nena, kupiga, &c.\, matam'ko.

Dell, n. donde, kibonde.

Delta, n. (inchi sawa patokeapo mlo

ani). j

Delude, v. danganya, poteza, ha
mchanga wa macho, shaua. Be
self-deluded, ghururika.

Deluge, n. gharika, maji makuu,
mafuriko, eneo la maji.

— v. gharikisha, funikiza.

Delusion,n. #ia ya uwongo, ghururi;
madanganya. He is a victim of
delusion, amedanganyika sana,
amerukwa na akili, ameghuru-
rika.

Delusive, a. -a kudanganya, -a
uwongo. Make a delusive show,
Jtshaua.

Demagogue, n. mfitini, mwenyi
kusukuma watu.

Demand, v. taka kwa nguvu, uliza ;
(require) Az¢ay2z ; (in marriage) posa.

n. haja, ulizo, swali, agizo;
(need) #4aji, famaa ; (in marriage)
poso, mapozi. On demand, marra
ttakwapo. There isa great demand
for cloth, Cloth is in demand, nguo
inatakiwa sana, tamaa tele, wana-
nunua nguo nyingi, wanunuzi
wengi.

Demarcation, n. kuandika mipaka.

Demean (oneself), v. (behave) enda,
enenda, lenda, jiweka; (debase)
Juhili, jilia aibu.

Demeanour, n. mwenendo, sura,
umbo.

Demented, a. -enyi wasimo | kichaa,
kurukwa na akili).

Demerit, n. kosa, funguo.

Demi-god, n. (muungu mdogo, nussu
muungu, kama muungu|.

Demise, n. mauti.

DEMOCRACY

Democracy, n. (people) makutano,
watu wote; (government) Aukumu
ya watu wadogo, hukumu ya maku-
tano, (siyo ya mfalme, monarchy,
wala ya wakubwa, aristocracy).
This country is a democracy, wafu
wa inchi hii hawana mfalme,
wajilawala wenyewe tu.

.Democrat, n. mpenda Democracy.

Democratio, a. -2 Democracy.

Demolish, v. haribu,vunja, bomosha.

Demolition, n. uharibifu, maanga-
mist, kubomoa.

Demon, n. upepo [pepo] mbaya, jini
[ma-], shetani (ma-).

Demoniac, a. -£nyi kupagawa na

Demoniacal, a. -a shetant.

Demonology, n. elimu ya pepo.

Demonstrable, a. -a uthubutikana.

Demonstrate, v. onya wazi, thubu-
tisha, onyesha.

Demonstration, n. (proof) mathu-
butu, ushahidi, mafafanusi; (cer-
tainty) Aakika; (show) onyesho,
tamasha.

Demonstrative, a. -a kuthubutisha,
-a kuonyesha; (showing outwardly)
-hunjufu, -a waziwazi.

Demoralization, n. #iaribifu wa
moyo, kupotewa nia njema, kupu-
nguka adili, kugeuka ushenzi.

Demoralize, v. haribu nia hali,
tabia), poteza, potosha, ondoa adili,
geuza vibaya.

Demur, v. kataa, si taka, kanya.

—— n. shaka, makatazo.

Demure, a. -eny? kiasi, -enyt haya,
taratibu.

Den, n. undu (la nyama ya mwitu |,
kitundu, pango, nyumba mbaya-
mbaya.

Denationalise, v. geuza desturi za
kabila |za kwao|.

Denaturalize, v. karibu labia ya
asili, geuza desturi za asili.

Denial, n. kikano, ukani; (with-
holding) mnyimo, kuhini, maka-
tazo.

Denizen, n. mkaa |wa-) mahali

fullani mkazi, mzalia.

91

DEPEND

Denominate, v. Zaja, ta.

Denomination, n. (name) jina
[ma-]; (class) ginsi, aina; (sect)
mathehebu.

Denominational, a. -a mathehebu
JSullani [yo yote), -enyi mafundisho
mbali mbali.

Denotation, n. maana.

Denote, v. onya, -wa ishara ya, -wa
na maana fullani. It denotes rest,
maana yake, raha.

Denouement, n. mwisho wa hadithi
(wa jambo fullans).

Denounces, v. sitak:, suta, shutumu,
laumu, nenea.

Dense, a. -z2ifo, -mene, -ingt, -gumu.

Density, n. uzzto, unene, Sc.

Dent, n. Zengo, kishimo, kibonyeo.

Dental, a. -a meno.

Dentifrice, n, (dawa ya kusugulia
meno}.

Dentist, n. fundi wa kung’ oa meno.

Dentition, n. Auota meno, meno.

Denudation, n. (kazi ya mvua na
mito, &c., ndio kuondoa udongo,
mawe, mitt, Sc., na kuleta chini|.
This place is the result of denuda-
tion, kapa pameliwa na maji.

Denude, v. fwalia, ondolea, vulia.

Denunciation, n. ashtaka, masuto,
Shutumu, laumu.

Deny, v. kana, kanisha; (refuse)
kataza; (withhold) nyima, hinz.
Deny oneself, jinyima, jihini- .
sha, jthatalia,

Depart, v. ondoka, toka, enda zangu
[sako, zake, &c.], funga safari,
shika njia, safiri; (die) fariki, -fa.
Depart from, ondoka katika ; (tor-
sake) acha. He departed this life,
alifariki dunia. Departed, (dead)
marehemu.

Department, n. sehemu, kazi;
(district) jimbo | ma- |, wilaya.

Departure, n. kuondoka, &c., sa-

fari (Taz. Depart). A new de-
parture, mwanzo, jambo jipya.

Depend (on), v. (be connected with)

fuatana na, tungika na, funga-
mana na; (rest on) -wa mtoto
wa (mfuasi wa, kazi ya, juu ya,

DEPENDENCE

92

DEPUTATION

chini ya), tnamia, elekea; (trust) | Deposit, n. amana, akiba, kitu kili-

amini, tegemea; (be maintained
by) pata riziki kwa, kaa kwa,
ponea, Everything depends on
you, yote juu yako. It depends,
labuda. \t depends on circum-
stances, kama ndivyo sivyo. It
depends on his coming, kuna
atakapokuja. Depend upon it!
Hakuna shaka! kweli!

Dependence, Dependency, n. kali
ya kuwa Dependent; (country)
milki, mali, inchi ya chini.

Dependent, n. mfuasi [wa-], mtoto
[wa-]}, chokora | ma-].

a. 43 kufuatana na, &e.
(Zaz. Depend); (subject) -a ku-
shindwa, -a utumwa; (abject)
thaifu, -nyonge. He is utterly de-
pendent, fukara, hana mbele wala
nyuma, hana kitu. Be dependent
on (for maintenance, &c.), pata
riziki kwa, kaa kwa, ponea.

Depict, v. piga sanamu ya, andika;
(describe) eleza kwa maneno, fa-
fanua.

Deplete, v. fanya -tupu, ondolea
vyote vilivyomo.

Depletion, n. kufanya | kufanyika |

_ tupu, Sc.

Deplorable, a. -a kutia huzuni, -a
kustkitisha, -baya.

Deplore, v. /z/ta, stkitzkia, jutia.

Deploy, v. eneza, tanua (safu ya

asikari vitani |).

Deponent, n. shahidi [ma-].
Depopulate, v. kumba watu katika,
ondolea watu wote, fanya ukiwa.
Depopulation, n. kukumba watu,
&c. (Zaz. Depopulate); kuka-
mishwa [kuondoka| watu, kuwa

ukiwa.

Deport, v. hamisha, fukuza.

Deportation, n. uhamisho, kuha-
mishwa, fukuszo,

Deportment, n. mwenendo, kikao,
sura.

Depose, v. uzulu, shusha, ondosha;
(give evidence) shuhudia, toa usha-
hidi.

Deposit, v. weka, salimisha, toa.

chowekwa, rahani; (sediment)
takataka za chini, mashapo.

Deposition, n. (evidence) usiahidi,
mathubulu; (removal from office)
kuusulu; (of sediment) kuweka
chini, kutuama.

Depository, n. mlinzi, mwenyi ku-
wekewa kitu; (store-house) giala,
bohari.

Depot, n. ghala, bohari ; (of soldiers)
barakisi, kituo.

Deprave, v. karibu labia, geuza vi-
baya, potosha.

Depraved, a, -baya, -ovu, -potofu.

Depravity, Depravation, n. upotofu,
ubaya.

Deprecate, v. /alama, zuia kwa
maombi, ombea; (disapprove) s¢ ku-
bali, kataza; (regret) jutia.

Deprecation, n. /alamiko, uombezi ;
(disapproval) makatazo, mazuzo.

Depreciate, v. rahisisha, kashifu,
singizia, umbua,

Depreciation, n. kurahisisha, &c.
(Zaz. Depreciate), upungufu wa
thamani, urahisi.

Depreciative, a. -4 Depreciation.

Depredate, v. leka, karibu.

Depredation, n. kuteka, maharabu.

Depredator, n. mharabu (wa-].

Depress, v. (lower) inamisha chini,
shusha; (make dejected) kusuni-
sha, legeza, stkitisha.

Depression, n. bonde, shimo (ma-],
kwenda chini, kubonyeka; (dejec-
tion) Ausuni, uztto; (diminution)
upungufu, ulegevu.

Deprivation, n. kutwaa ,kutwaliwa ;
(want, loss) #hzfajz, hasara.

Deprive, v. ‘walia, ondolea, nyima.

Depth, n. halt ya kuwa Deep (Zaz.
Deep); urefu wa kwenda chini,
uketo. Depths of the sea, vilindi.
Depth of winter, katt ya wakali
wa baridi. Depths of ignorance,
ujinga mwingi. Depth of night,
usiku wa manane. Be (get) out
of one’s depth, jifafanya, potea.

Deputation, n. agizo; (person)
mjumbe, wajumbe.

DEPUTE

Depute, v. tuma, agiza, wakilisha.

Deputy, n. mjumbe [wa-|, tume,
wakili | ma-).

Derange, v. chafua, tia fujo [hifu-
jofujo |), haribu, vunja; (make mad)
poteza akili, tia kichaa wazimo ).

Derangement, n. machafuko, uhari-
it (madness) wazimu, kupotewa

Daselist, n. kilichoachwa, kilicho-
kupwa.

Deride, n. cheka, thihaki, fanyizia
mzaha, tharau.

Derision, n. mzaha, ththaka, ku-
cheka, tharau.

Derisive, a. -4 Derision.

Derivable (Be), v. patikana, juls-
kana, tokana.

Derivation, n. (origin) asz/z, mwa-

so; (getting) kupata.

Derivative, n. na a. sz -a asili, -lio-
toka kwingine, mtoto.

Derive, v. pata, pokea. Be derived
from, Zoka katika, -wa mtoto wa.
It is derived from, mwanzo wake
ni, asili yake nt.

Derogate, v. punguza, toa nussu
katika, katia.

Derogatory, a. -enyi athu, si -a
heshima, -a kutharau, -a kuhasiri.

Dervish, n. derweshi |ma-), mta wa
[soa]; (beggar) mwombaji, ma-
skint.

Descant (on), v. foa maneno mengi
juu ya, piga domo juu ya, semea
Sana.

Descend, v. (of position) shuka,
kwenda chini, telem’ka; (of origin)
toka, zaliwa. Descend on (to),
endta, pita. He is descended
from a king, mtoto wa mfalme,
jamaa ya Sultani.

Descendant, n. mtoto [wa-], mzao

[wa-}.
Descent, n. kushuka, mshuko,
Zelem'ko; (raid) vita, kuendea;

(lineage) kizazi, wzast; (degener-
acy) aibu, kulhilika, mageuzi
mabaya.

Describe, v. /oa habari, eleza, simu-
lia habari ya, hadtthia, fafanua.

93

DESIGNEDLY

Description, n. kabari, kisa, hadi-
tht, maneno; (kind) ginsi, namna.

Descriptive, a. -a kueleza, -a kusi-
mulia habari.

Descry,v. ona,chungulia pata kuona.

Desecrate, v. st heshimu, vunja he-
Shima ya, najisi, atbisha.

Desecration, n. kuvunjia heshima,
kunajisi, aibu.

Desert, v. (abandon) acha vibaya,
tupa; (run away) foroka, kimbia;
(remove from) kama katika. A
deserted (solitary) person, mkiwa.
A deserted village, mahame.

——n. jangwa [ma-), nyika, ukiwa,
poli, mahame; (merit) ustahil:;
(reward) thawabu, haki, tuzo.

Deserter, n. lasikari|) mtoro (wa-),
mkimbizi.

Desertion, n. #foro ; (abandonment)

- kuacha vibaya, kutupa; (removal)
uhame; (desolation) ukiwa.

Deserve, v. stahilz, He deserves a
beating, afaka kupigwa, ahitaji
kupigwa.

Deservedly, adv. éstahilivyo, vema,
kwa haki.

Deserving,
njema.

Deshabille, n. (nguo sa nyumbani
ao za faraghani), nguo haba, kucha-
fuka nguo.

Desiderate, v. (want) Zaka sana;
(regret) jutia.

Desideratum, n. (kitu kilichotakwa
sana), hitaji, punguo, farrathi.

Design, n. (intention) kusudi [ma-],
mradi, shauri (ma-), nta; (sketch,
pattern) sanamu, ktolezo, namna,
larakibu; (plot) hela, kitimbi. '

v. (trace out) fanya Tandika |
shauri, tunga, rakibisha; (devise,
invent) buni, vumbua, tunga, Sant,
andika; (intend) kusudia, nia,
azimu. Design work, toa kazi.

Designate, v. onyesha, taja, agiza;
(appoint) chagua; (denote) [-wa
na maana fullant |.

Designation, n. jina, agizo, wonye-
sho; (meaning) maana.

Designedly, adv. makusudi.

a. -stahtlifu, -enyi sifa

DESIGNER

Designer, n. fundi, mwongozi
wa kasi, msanii, waria, mtoa
kasi,

Designing, a. -a hila, -erevu, -janja.

Desirable, a. -a kutamanika, -a
kupendeza, -surt,

Desire, v. taka, tamani, tunuka,
ashitkt, shauku.

n. ¢amaa, tamant, uchu ; (need)

haja, matakwa; utashi, mapenzi.

That is my desire, ndio nitakayo;

(lust) ng'oa; (favourite) kipenzi,

ndio shauku yangu |mapensi ya-

ngu|j.

Desirous (Be), v, Zaka, tamani.

Desist, v. koma, isha, nyamaza, acha
kufanya, tulia.

Desk, n. dawati, meza | ya kuandikia
chuoni).

Desolate, v. fanya ukiwa, haribu,
vunja, kumba, teka. ,

Desolation, n. kufanya | kufanyika
ukiwa, mkumbo, ukiwa; (solitari-
ness) upweke, ukiwa.

Despair, v. kata tamaa, si tumaini,
shindwa.

—— n. kukata tamaa.

Despatch, v. (do) fanya upesi, ma-
lisa; (send) tuma, peleka.

——n. kufanya upesi, &c., wepesi,
haraka; (written) barua, waraka;
(urgency) himizo, bidi:.

Desperado, n. mjasiri, fayari ku-
fanya yo yote, katili, mshari.

Desperate, a. -enyi kukata tamaa, -a
kufanya yo yote, -stoponeka, -baya
mno; (dangerous) -a hatari sana,
-a wasimo. <A desperate battle,
vita kali mno.

Desperation, n. Zaz. Despair.

Despicable, a.-nyonge, hafifu, -baya.

Despise, v. weza, tharau, hisi.

Despite, n. In despite of his wishes
(efforts, opposition, &c.), ajapo
hataki thabsbali, hapendi |.

Despoil, v. nyang’anya, tekea, chu-
kulia.

Despond, v. shindwa moyo, legea,
kata tamaa.

Despondence, n. kushindwa moyo,
&c, (Zas. Despond).

94

DETACH

Despondent, a. -4 kushindwa moyo
&c., -a kushika tama.

Despot, n. mtawala peke yake | pasi;
baraza wala shauri ya watu),
sultani, bwana; (tyrant) mthalimu.
Play the despot, act despotically,
piga ubwana.

Despotic, Despotical, a. -2 Despot,
enyi nguvu peke yake; -thalimu.
Despotism, n. [halt ao utawala wa

Despot]; uthalimu.

Dessert, n. (matunda na maandast,
&c., ndio mwishowa kula kizungu),
chakula cha mwisho.

Destination, n. (use) kazi, matu-
mizi; (purpose) kusudi, shauri;
(end) £:komo, mwisho wa safari,
mahali palipokusudiwa. He reach-
ed his destination, alifika huko
alikokwenda.

Destine, v. weka, chagua, agiza | kwa
hali ao kasi ao mahali fullani|).
This is destined for Zanzibar, 42
inakwenda Unguja. He is destined
for the army, anakusudiwa kuwa
asikari. You are destined to die,
ajali yako | mwisho wako) utakufa.

Destiny, n. ajali, Muungu; (fortune,
condition) halt, maisha, mambo.

Destitute, a. fukara hahe hohe, hana
mbele hana nyuma, -kiwa. Be
destitute of, sz -wa na, -wa pasipo.
Heis destitute of clothes, hana nguo.

Destitution, n. ufakiri, umasikini,
uhitaji,

Destroy, v. haribu, angamisza, vunja.

Destruction, n. kuharibu, huhari-
bika, uharibifu, kupotea, maan-
gamizi. '

Destructive, a. -2 kuharibu, -a
kuua, -a shari, -harabu, -haribifu.

Destruotiveness, n. wharilifu, upo-
levu.

Desuetude, n.
Sa, kwisha.

Desultory, a. (changeable) -badilifu,
kigeugeu; (ineffective) si -enyi njia,
-St -a maana sana, -a kuchezacheza,
A desultory fire, kupiga bunduki
moja moja lu.

Detach, v. lenga, kata, toa, vunja,

Fall into desuetude,

DETACHMENT

‘Detachment, n. upweke, hali ya
kulengwa ; (of soldiers) kikosi.

Detail, v. simulia habari yote.

—— n. kabari [ya mambo moja mo-
ja, hatta yaliyo madogo), habari
zote, killa kitu. In detail, mojamoja,
yote pia.

Detain, v. kawisha, shindisha, suza.

Detect, v. vumbua, gundua, ona.

Detection, n. kugundua, kugundu-
liwa, upelelezi.

Detective, n. (asikari) mpelelezi.

Detention, n. kuzuia, kuzuiwa, ku-
fungwa, kukawilishwa.

Deter, v. suza, kataza, ogofya.

Deteriorate, v. sidi kuwa -baya
(ovu), haribika, chakaa, punguka.

Deterioration, n. uharibifu, ku-
chakaa, Sc.

Determination, n. (resolve) kusudi,
nia, shauri; (resoluteness) J2d22,
ugumu, uthabiti.

Determine, v. (resolve) yakinia,
yakinisha, aztmu; (prescribe)
amuru, shurutisha, tia lazimu,
kusudisha; (settle) kata maneno,
amua, maliza; (show limits, make
clear) onyesha, thihirisha, thubu-
tisha.

Determined, a. -tendaji, hodari,
-gumtu. :

Detest, v. chukia sana.

Detestable, a. -a kuchukiza.

Detestation, n. machukio makuu.

Dethrone, v. zulu, toa katika kuwa
mfalme.

Dethronement, n. kuuzulu.

Detonation, n. mshindo [wa bu-
nduki, mzinga, &c. |.

Detour, n. njia ya kuzunguka.
Make a detour, zunguka.

Detract, v. nussu, toa;

(slander) pungusa sifa, umbua,
chongea.

Detraction, n. masingizto, uchongesi.

Detractor, n. msingizta, mchongea.

Detriment, n. hasara, mathara.

Detrimental, a. -a kulia hasara, -a
huthuru.

Detritus, n. fakataka (kama cha-
ngarawe, makokoto, mavumbi, 8c. }.

95

DEVOTION

Deuce, n. Zils; (devil) siefani.

Deuteronomy, n. (kitabu cha tano
cha Musa, Kumbukumbu ya To-
rati|.

Devastate, v. eka, kumba, haribu.

Devastation, n. kuteka, kutekwa,
kumbo, uharibifu.

Develop, v. (augment) endeleza,
sttawisha, kuza; (explain) funua,
eleza; (grow) kua, endelea, funuka.

Development, n. maendeleo, kukua,
usttawi; (explanation) ufunuo;
(addition) masidzo.

Deviate, v. -enda upande, toka njia,
potoka, kosa.

Deviation, n. kwenda upande;
(error) upotofu, kosa.

Device, n. shauri (ma-), hila; (em-
blematic) mwandiko, chapa, alama,
sanamu. Full of devices, -enyz
mashauri mengt. Follow your own
devices, ‘mia roho.

Devil, n. siefani [ma-].
devil, maskini, fukara.

Devilish, a. kama shetani,-baya mno.

Devilry, n. usielani, ubilisi.

Devious, a. -pofofu, -a kuzunguka,
-A Vizingo Vingi.

Devise, v. ‘afuta, fanya shauri ya,
zua, buni, waza. Devise to, wa-
kifia, rithisha.

Devoid (of), a. pasipo, -kosefu -a, -sio
na, billa.

Devolve (on), v. folea, salamishia,
sukumia; (neut.) ia, pata, pasa. It
devolved on me to bury him, z4awa
Juu yangu | ikanipasa | kumstka.

Devote, v. toa, wakifu, funga. De-
vote oneself, jifunga, jilia, jiweka.

Devoted, a. -a bidii, -a kushika kazi
kwa moyo, -aminifu, -a kupenda
sana; (victim) -lolaantwa, -akupo-
tea, maskini. Be devoted to (work
&c.), shiriki, shika sana. Devoted
to good works, -tengwa kwa
mambo mema.

Devotee,n.mta wal wa-),sufii ma- |.

Devotion, n. ibada, moyo wa ibadu
[wa dini, wa kumwabudu Mu
ungu|; (earnestness) upendo, bidii,
moyo ; (application) kujifunga.

A poor

DEVOTIONAL

Devotional, a. -a ibada, -a kuamsha
fikara njema za ibada, -a kuonyesha
ibada, -a dini.

Devour, v. -/a, meza; (as a wild
beast) tafuna, nyefua.

Devout, a. -ta’wa, -shika dint, -a
ibada, -a bidii. A devout man,
mcha Muungu, mtu wa dint.

Dew, n. umande, Dew-point, n.
mwanzo wa kuonekana umande |.

Dewy, a. -a umande.

Dexterity, n. uelekevu,
ustadt.

Dexterous, a.
-epest, hodari.

Dhow, n. chombo | vy-|, jahazi.

Diabolic, a. -a kishelani, -baya
mno.

Diadem, n. Zaj:, kilemba (vi-).

Diagnosis, n. | kutambua ugonjwa
gani ao hali ya mgonjwa |.

Diagonal, a. toka pembe hatta pembe
iliyoelekea, -a kukata mrabba pembe
kwa pembe, -a kukingama.

Diagram, n. sanamu [ya kufundi-
shia], kiolezo.

Dial, n. [ubau wa kuonyesha saa
ngapi kwa jua, ao kalika saa |.

Dialect, n. /ugha, maneno, namna
ya kunena. Dialect of Zanzibar,
kiunguja.

Dialectic, a. -a Zugha.

—— n. [elzmu ya kutoa hoja vema ao
kujadiliana, ya kushinda watu kwa
maneno |.

Dialectician, n. -enyz Dialectic, n.

Dialogue, n. mazungumzo. maneno.

Diameter, n. | mstari wa kupita kati
ya duara, kipenyo|.

Diametrically, adv. kabisa, halisi,
sawasawa.

Diamond, n. a/masi.

Diapason, n. (saut: zote nane za
ngoma (scale) |.

Diaphanous, a. -a kuona, -a kupenya
nuru, -angafu.

Diarrhoea, n. fumbo la kuenenda,
kumbo la kuhara.

Diary, n. | kitabu chenyi habari ya
mambo ya killa siku taratibu, ha-
bari ya killa siku ), tarihi.

wepesi,

-elekevu wa kazi,

96

DIFFERENCE

Dice, n. pl. ya Die, n.

Dictate, v. (read aloud) soma wazi;
(cause to write) andikisha; (de-
clare) onyesha, tangaza, amuru;
(order) nena (amuru] vikali.

—— 9. MANENO, maonyo, amrt.

Diotation,n. kuandikishwa; (orders )
amri nzito, maonyo makali. 1 will
not submit to dictation, sitaki
kuamriwa, sikubali kutii amri,
stambilikt mimi.

Dictator, n, | mwenyi amri peke yake,
mtawala asiye na mwenziwe),
sultant,

Dictatorial, a. -a kutiisha, -kali.

Dictatorship, n. [4azt ao muda wa
kuwa Dichator |

Diction, n. usemi, ginsi ya kusema.

Dictionary, n. kamusi.

Dictum, n. neno kubwa, fumbo, neno
la maana, neno la amri.

Did,p.t.ya Do. He did run, aliki-
mbia sana. Did he run? adiki-
mbia ?

Didactic, a. -a kufundisha, -a kuju-
lisha, -a kuadilisha.

Die, v. -/a. fariki, kata roho, salimika,
salimisha roho; (fail, cease) zska,
legea, kauka, fifa, koma. Let oneself
die, accept (court) death, za. Die
away, die out, fifa, zimia, pungu-
kapunguka, toweka. Die outright
(on the spot), -fa fofofo.

n. (pl. Dice) dado. To play
with dice, cheza dado. ‘The die is
cast, shauri limekwisha, jambo
limekatika.

Diet, n. chakula, maakuli ; (council)
baraza, mkutano. To be on diet,
dieted, alikwa, shika mwiko.

Dietary, n. Zarafibu | kawaida | ya
vyakula vya killa siku, posho;
(prescribed) mwiko.

Dietetios, n. (elimu ya kupambanua
vyakula).

Differ, v. (be different) -wa mbali
mbali, si patana, achana, lekeana,
kabiliana, kosana, ihtilafiana ;
(think differently) sz kubali, ona
sivyo,

Difference, n. tofauti, ihtilafu, hali

DIFFERENT

ya kuwa mbalimbali;
shindano, ugomvi, mateto,

Different, a. mbali mbali, st sawa,
St mamoja, -ngine.

Differentiate, v. pambanua, ainisha.

Difficult, a. -gumu, -sito, -a shidda,
-a mas .

Difficulty, n. skidda, ugumu, thikt,
mashaka, uzito, kizuio, uthia, ma-
tata, kinga, mgogoro |mi-). Be in
difficulties, -wa na mashaka, &c.,
thiki, zidiwa. Get oneself into
difficulties, /z/unga.

Difidence, n. woga, haya, ma-
shaka.

Difhdent, a. -oga, -enyi haya, -a
shaka. He is diffident of his
powers, hajtegemei nafsi.

Diffuse, v. tapanya, tawanya, eneza.

—— a, -4 maneno mengt.

Diffusion, n. ¢7¢0, enezo.

Diffusive, a. -a kuenea [kueneza].

Dig, v. (p. t. #a pf. t. Dug, Digged)
chimba; (with hoe) ma. Dig up,
out, chimbua, fukua. Dig in
(cover by digging), fukia; (thrust
in) émgiza, choma.

Digest, n. muhtasari, matengenezo,

—— v. (consider) fikiri, fahamu;
(bear with) wumilza. I cannot
digest this food, This food is in-
digestible, chakula hiki hakishukt,
hakinitul:t tumboni, tumbo hals-
kiweki.

Digestible, a. -2 kufulia tumboni,

Digestion, n. (| kazi ya | tumbo.

Digestive, a. -a kutuliza tumbo.

Digging, nu. chimbo, mahali pa
kuchimba.

Digit, n. tarakimu.

Dignifled, a. -a heshima, -a adabu.

Dignify, v. fukuza, sidishia heshi-

(guarrel)

ma.

Dignitary, n. mwenyi cheo | ukuu,
daraja), mkubwa.

Dignity, n. heshima, adabu ; (great-
ness) ukuu, ubora; (rank) daraja,
cheo.

Digress, v. sema (andika) vingine
vingine, zunguka, potea.

Digression, n. msunguko, kupotea.

97

DIP

Dike, n. (mound) boma (Za kuzuia
maji yasifurike |); (trench) handaki.

Dilapidated, a. -gofu, -bovu.

Dilapidation, n. #haribifu, ugofu.

Dilate, v. anza, panua, vimbisha;
(neut.) Zanaka, ongezeka, vimba.
Dilate on, ongesea maneno, tia ma-
meno mengi juu ya.

Dilatory, a. (slow, idle) sz -epest, sé
-tendajt, -vivu, -zembe; (delaying)
-a kukawia, -a kukawilisha, -koko-
Levu, -siri.

Dilemma, n. mashaka | haswa ya ku-
chagua mawili, na yote mabaya|.
You are on the horns of a dilemma,
huna buddi kuchagua, ukipenda
usipende ; umetepwa.

Dilettante, n. mjuzi | wa vitu vizuri).

Diligence, n. 4:d::, utendaji, tunza.

Diligent, a. -shika kazi, -a kazi, -a
bidi, -tendajt.

Dilute, v. #ta maji, changanya,zimua ;
(adulterate) ghosht; (weaken) pu-
NGUZA NGUVU.

Dim, v. ta giza, povusha.

—— a. -a giza kidogo, si thahiri, st
safi.

Dimension, n. cheo, ukubwa, kadiri.

Diminish, v. punguza; (neut.) pu-
ngua, punguka,

Diminution, n. upunguo, kupu-
nguza.

Diminutive, a. -dogo, kadogo.

Dimple, n. finyo, kunjo, kitobwe.

Din, n. makelele, uthia, mshindo.

Dine, v. -/2 Dinner. Dine with,
enda kula na.

Dingy, a. -eust, si safi, -a taka,

—— n. (mashua ndogo).

Dinner, n. chakula (cha mchana,
ama cha jiont, palipo kula vingi |.

Dint, n. By dint of, kwa nguvu ya,
kwa.

Diocesan, n. askofu, mkuu wa
Diocese.

— a. -a jimbo la askofu.

Diocese, n. (jimbo la chini ya asko-
Ju mmoja), incht, wilaya.

Dip, v. chovya, zamisha; (neut.)
inama, enda chini. Dip into,
onja, soma kidogo.

H

DIPHTHERIA

Diphtheria, n. (ugonjwa mbaya wa
koo ndani).

Diphthong, n. [‘ vowels’ mbili zenyi
kutam' kwa pamoja).

Diploma, n. hats yenyi sifa, hati ya
cheo.

Diplomacy, n. maarifa ya ubarozt,
upatanishi; (cunning) werevu,
ujanja.

Diplomatic, a. -2 ubarozi ; (cunning)
-LreVU.

Dipsomania, n. |wazimo wa kutaka
ulevi).

Dire, a. -4 kustusha, -a kutisha,
-baya.

Direct, v. elekeza, habtlisha, ongoza,
nyosha; (order) amuru, agiza;
(a letter) ta anwani. Direct
attention to, angalia, angaliza,

onyesha.

—— a. -nyofu, sawasawa, halisi.
Direct road, njia moja kwa mo-

ja.

Direction, n. (order) agizo, amri,
fundisho; (line of movement) njia,
kibula, mdjira, uelekeo; (super-
intendence) wongozi, Usimamizi;
(address) anwani | ya barua), (of
a box, luggage, &c.) kibarua, ra-
hamu. In the direction of, upande

wa.

Directly, adv. (at once) mara moja,
sasa hivi; (presently) halafu;
(plainly) wazi, halisi, sawasawa.
Directly and indirectly, kwa wazi
na kwa sirt.

Director, n. mwongozi, msimamtisi,
mkuu.

Directory, n. | kitabu chenyi habari
ya watu wole wa ujirani, kazi,
nyumba, Sc. |.

Dirge, n. maombolezo, uimbo wa
maziko, utmbo wa huzuni.

Dirt, n. taka, kifusi, tope; (got by
disuse) koga, kutu ; uchafu.

Dirty, a. -a taka, -chafu.

Dis-, (maana yake, st, mwanzoni pa
maneno mengi kizungu).

Disability, n. uthaifu, kutokuwa na
nguvu. Be under a disability, -wa

na punguani.

98

DISAVOWAL

Disable, v. ¢hoofisha, vunja, ondolea
nguvu, shinda, weza.

Disabuse, v. ongoza, erevusha, ondo-
lea makosa | ujinga, &c.]}.

Disadvantage, n. 2420. matata, ma-
thara, hasara, uthatfu.

Disadvantageous, a. -2 hasara, -a
kutofaa.

Disaffeoted, a. -a kuchukizwa, -a
kutaka maasi.

Disaffection, n. chuki, uchungu. ji

Disagree, v. gombana, tetana, bi-
shana, kosana, si patana; (of food)
st tulia tumboni.

Disagreeable, a. -a kutopendeza, si
-lamu, st -surt; (annoying) -a
uthta, -sumbufu.

Disagreement, n. ugomvi, halt
mbali, kutopatana, tofauti.

Disallow, v. kana, kantia, si kubali.

Disappear, v. foweka, tokomea, toka,
enda sake, sizimia, fifa; (come to
an end) kwisha, koma. He mys-
teriously disappeared, alizizimia
ulimwengu.

Disappearance, n. kutoweka, kuo-
ndoka; (conclusion) mwisho,

Disappoint, v. sz -pendeza, si -fanyia
kazi, ghairt, tia uchungu |kishi-

mdo), chukiza; (baffle) susa, ba-
tilisha, ghafalisha.

Disappointment, n. uchungu, ku-
ghafalika, chukizo; (failure) hasara,
kutofanikiwa.

Disapproval, Disapprobation, n.
laumu, katazo.

Disapprove, v. st kubali, si rithia,
kataza..

Disarm, v. ondolea [twalta, chu-
kulia) selaha; (subdue, quiet)
tsisha, tuliza...

Disarrange, v. chafua, tia fujo,
tunguda.

Disarrangement, Disarray, n. fujo,
uchafuko.

Disaster, n. msiba [mi-], hasara,
taabu.

Disastrous, a. -a hasara, -a msiba,
-baya.

Disavow, v. kana, kania, kataa.

Disavowal, n. kikano, kukania.

DISBAND

Disband, v. vunja [sesh], tawanya,
likiza.

Disbandment, n. kulikisa jeshi.

Disbelief, n. kutoamini.

Disbelieve, v. sz amini, si sadiki,

Disbeliever, n. asiyeamini, mkosefu
wa imani,

Disburden, v. ondolea mzigo, tuliza.

Disburse, v. toa | fetha), tapa.

Disbursement, n. lipo [ma-], gha-

Diso, n n. (kitu sawa cha mviringo
kama sahani |, sahani.

Discard, v. fupa, kataa, ondosha.

Discern, v. ona, fahamu, tambua,
pambanua.

Discerning, a. -a akilt, -just,

Discernment, n. ufahamifu, akili,
utambuzi,

Discharge, v. (dismiss) ondosha;
(put ont) zoa, toka; (let off) piga,
fyatua [bund uki, &c.],
{mshale, &&c.]; (release)

a) da shusha (shehena, &e.}; ;

(pay) Zipa (deni, Sc. |); (from an

ob ation) /elets, tangua; (execute,
fulfil) fanya, fanyisa, temiea,

sha, &c. (Taz. Dis-
charge, v.) ; (of artillery) mshindo.

Disciple, n. mwanafunzi (wa-],
mtoto |wa- |, mfuasi | wa-).

Disciplinarian,n. m/oa amri nyingi,
mshikisha utaratibu na utii,
mgumu.

Disciplinary, a. -2 kurudi, -a kuo-
ngoza, -a kutiisha,

Discipline, n. (educational) malezi,
maongozi, marudi; (drill) zarati-
bu, amri moja; (submissiveness)
utii, kushika amri, usikizi ; (trial)
Jaribu (ma-).

—— vy, rudi, tiisha, ongoza.

., Disclaim, v. kana, hania, kataa.

Disclosa, v. funua, thihirisha, onye-
sha, fumua.

Disclosure,n. ufunuo; mambo yalt-
yofunuliwa, mafunuo.

Discolour, v. geusa rangi, haribu

yangi.
Discomfit, v. fathaisha; (baffle) vu-
nja, batilisha; (rout) piga, shinda,

—— T).,

99

DISCOVER

Discomfiture, n. fathaa, mashaka;
(defeat) kupigwa, kushindwa;
(prostration) xbatsisho.

Discomfort, n. si raha, uthia, ma-
sumbuo, maumivu, taabu.

Discompose, v. (disarrange) a
tia fujo; (vex) chukiza, sum
harakisha.

Discomposure, n. haraka, kutotulia,
fathaa,

Disconcert, v. 7as. Discompose.

Disconnect, v. /engu, fungua, kata,
achantsha.

Disconsolate, a. -a huzuni, -sito,

Discontent, Discontentment, n.
kutokuwa vrathi, uchungu, chuki,
mamung'uniko. Show discontent,
guna, nung'unika, nuna.

Discontented, a. si rathi, -enyt

kuchukia, -a wchungu.
Discontinuance, n, mwisho, ukomo,
kituo.
im | Discontinue, v. komesha, acha,
katiza.

Discord, Discordance, n. kufopa-
tana, st shauri moja; (quarrel)
ULOMUE, fitina, mabishano; (in
music) saut sisizolingana.

Discordant, a. -a kutopatana, -a
kutolingana ; 3 baya, si sawa,

Discount, n. mshusho wa bei | tha
mani), mpunguo wa fayida, Be at
a discount, ‘harauliwa

v. kata fayida, pu za bei;

(allow for) fahamu mbele, ku-
mbuka.

Discountenance, v. nyima msaada
upendeleo), si kubali, suia, ka
faa,

Discourage, v. shusha moyo, pu-
nguza tamaa, suta shauri. ;
Discouragement, n. | jambo la ku-
suta ao kukata tamaa; hati ya
kutotumaini), kushusha moyo, &c.

Discourse, n. maongezi, maneno.

—— V. ongea, toa maneno.

Discourteous, a. si heshima, sé
adabu, -baya.

Discourtesy, n. kukosa adabu,
mvunjo wa heshima.

Discover, v. vumbua, kuta, gundua,

DISCOVERY

pata kujua habari ya; (show)
onyesha, thihirisha, toa, funua.

Discovery, n. kuvumbua, huvu-
mbulika, mvumbuo; (new fact)
jambo jipya (geni, lisilojulika
kwanza, ajabu |.

Discredit, v. (disbelieve) sz sadiki,
onya Uwongo; (dishonour) azdsshka,
punguza sifa, vunja uso.

—— n. aibu, sifa mbaya.

Discreditable, a. -a aibu, -baya.

Discreet, a. -a akili, -a busara,
aminifu.

Disorepance, n. Zofauti, thtilafu.

Disorepant, a. sz sawa, mbali.

Discretion, n. akili, hathart, thtrari.
Surrender at discretion, salimu
bila mashariti. At your dis-
cretion, upendavyo, thtiari yako.

Discretional, a. -a ginsi |kadiri|
apendavyo mwenyewe, ihitari yake

ao, Stc.j.

Discriminate, v. pambanua, tofau-
tisha, chagua.

Discrimination, n. kupambanua,
akili ya kupambanua, busara,
utambuzi,

Discursive, a.-a maneno mengi, st
maana sana, -a kupiga domo.

Discuss, v. fanya maneno juu, ongea
habari ya, barizi.

Discussion, n. maneno, maongezi.

Disdain, v. tharau, tweza, chukia,
kataa, si kubali, ona aibu.

—— n. tharau, kiburi. |

‘Disdainful, a. -a kiburi, -a ku-
tharau, -a kujifaktrisha.

Disease, n. marathi, uweli, ugo-
njwa.

Disembark, v. shusha pwant ; (neut.)
shukd pwani.

Disembarkation, n. kushusha | ku-
shuka |) pwani, mshuko.

Disembody, v. lwa katika mwili.
A disembodied spirit, roho thyo-
toka mwilini, upepo usio na mwili,
kivuli.

Disembowel, v. fumbua, toa ma-
tumbo.

Disenchant, v. fumbulia macho, zi-

ngulia, zingua, punga pepo.

- - “

-

100

DISHONEST

Disenchantment, n. uzinguo, ku-
am’ka, kupungwa,

Disencumber, v. ondolea mzigo,
Sungulia,

Disendow, v. fwalia mati.

Disengage, v. Zenga, fungua, toa,

Jumua.
pasipo shughuli,

Disengaged, a.
faraghani.

Disengagement, n. kufunguliwa,
kutengwa, faragha, nafasi.

Disentangle, v. Zatanua, fundua,
Junua,kunjua; (make clear) eleza.

Disestablish, v. geuza hafi. Todis-
establish the Church, kanisa ku-
tengwa na serkali,

Disfavour, n. chukto, kuto .

Disfigure, v. umbua, haribu umbo
(uzuri), geuza vibaya.

Disfigurement, n. kuumbua, &c., le-

maa.

Disfranchise, v. ondolea haki | ya
kubarist, kuwamo serkalini, &c.)
( Zaz. Franchise).

Disfranchisement, n. kuondoa
[Auondolewa) Franchise.

Disgorge, v. 4okomoa; (yield up)
rudisha kwa shidda | yaliyotwaliwa
kwa nguvu)|,tozswa. -

Disgrace, n. aibu, art, fetheha,

—v. tia aibu, aibisha, fethehi,
Sethehesha, hist.

Disgraceful, a. -a aibu, Sc.

Disguise, v. geuza, fanya -mgine,
Jicha, funika.

n. mavazi ya kujigeuza | ya
wigaji |, umbo la uwongo, hila.
Disgust. v. chukisa, chafusha moyo.

——- n. machukio,
Dish, n. sahani, kombe [ma-], bungu
[ma-], kibungu [vi-]; (food) cha-
a | vya-).
—— v. (dish up) pakua, leta chakula.
Dishabille, n. nguo zilisochafuka,
[ststsotengeneswa vizuri, chache).
Dishearten, v. vunja | /egeza) moyo,
tia hofu | huzuni if

Dishevel, v. chafua, fumua |nyele|.
Dishevelled hair, yele za matimu-
timu.

Dishonest, a. si amini, st -aminifu,

DISHONESTY

mjanja, mkopi, mwongo, mdanga-
nyifu; (athief) mwivi, mthalimu.

Dishonesty, n. ujanja, uwongo,
s68U2, wist, uthalimu.

Dishonour, v, atbisha, fethehesha,

—— n. aibu, fetheha.

Dishonourable, a. (untrustworthy)
Sf -aminifu, st-nyofu; (disgraceful)
-a aibu.

Disinclination, n. moyo wo kuto-
taka, machukio.

Disincline, v. pungusza tamaa (ma-
penzi ), geuza (zuia) moyo. He is
disinclined for food, hatak: cha-
kula.

Disinfect, v. safisha pachafu, ondoa
uvundo, vukiza, takasa.

Disinfectant, n. vuki20 (ma-), dawa
ya kuondoa uvundu | ya kusafisha
pachafu).

Disingenuous, a. si -nyofu, -janja.

Disinherit, v. kata urithi, toa katika
urithi.

Disintegrate, v. vunja.

Disinter, v. fukua, fumbua (kitu
kilichozikwa).

Disinterested, a. s2-enyi kupendelea,
st enyi kutaka fayida. A dis-
interested person, mpaji wala st
mpasi, st mtu wa tamaa.

Disjoin, v. achanisha, tenga, kata.

Disjointed, a. si -enyi kufungamana,
$8 sawa, st mamoja.

Dislike, v. chukia.

—nn. machukio.

Dislocate, v. tegua, stusha.

Dislodge, v. ondoa, ondosha,.

Disloyal, a. si-a kupenda mfalme, st
aminifu.

Dismal,a. -a g15a,-€4$i; (depressing)
-a kutia hofu | huzuni), -a kuchu-
kiza.

Dismantle, v. ondoa mapambo, vunja.

Dismasted, a. -enyi kuvunjwa mili-
ngole.

Dismay, n. hofu kuu, mstuko.

— v. ta hofu, tisha.

Dismember, v. yarua vipande vi-
pande, vunja.

Dismiss, v. (allow to go) /skzza,
aga, fungua. I cannot dismiss him

101

' DISPLACE

without a present, sweet kumfu-
nguamikono mitupu; (send away)
ondosha, achia mbali, usuru.
Dismissal, n. mausuru, kuondoshwa ;
(leave to go) ruhusa, ulikizo, kuaga.
Dismount, v. shusha chint; (neut.)
shuka juu ya frasi.
Disobedience, n. maasi, ukaidi,
kutotii, uhatifu.
Disobedient, a. -ast, -kaidi.
Disobey, v. asz, st ¢13, kaidi, halifu.
Disobliging, a. sz -fathilt, st -jtpe-
ndekesa, si -2ure.
Disorder, v. chafua, tia fae.
—— n. fujo, machafuko; (illness)
ugonjwa |ma-|); (tamult) Aza,
Jitina, ghasia.

Disorderly, a. si ‘aratibu, -a kifu-
Jofujo; (riotous) -a jeuri, ~fitins.
Disorganiszation, n. kukaribika,

uchafuko.
Disorganise, v. karibu uzuri wa,
vunja taratibu ya, chafua, haribu.
Disown, v. kania, kataa.
Disparage, v. umbua, vunja heshima,
kashifu, haribu sifa, singizia,
rahisisha, tusha, Disparaging
remarks, mafusi. .
Disparagement, n. kuumbua, 8c.,

matusi.
Disparity, n. chitlafu, tofauti.
Dispassionate, a. #asipo kupendelea,
-a haki.

Dispel, v. ondoa.

Dispensable, a. st kanuni, st -a ku-
hitajika.

Dispensary, n. #yumba ya kutoa
dawa, nyumba ya tabibu.

Dispensation, n. kuloa, mgawo;
(divine) maongozi ya Muungu,
madaraka; (special leave) ruhusa.

Dispense, v. gawanya, toa [dawa,
&c.]. Dispense with, s¢ umia, st
taka, ondoa, weka mbali.

Disperse, v. sawanya, eneza, Ondoa ;
(neut.) sawanyika, &c.

Dispersion, n. eneo, utawanytko,
kuondoa, &c.

Dispirit, v. Zegeza moyo, toa tamaa.

Displace, v. toa katika mahali pake,
weka vibaya, twaa mahali pa.

DISPLAY

Display, v. onyesha, tembeza, angaza.

— 2. wonyesho, tamasha, wh ache
Make a display, piga | ingia) ushe-
rehe “fanya fahari re ake

Displease, v. chukisa,

Displeasure, n. chuki, uchungu.

Disport oneself, v. chesachesa.

Disposal, n. (arrangement) matenge-
nezo, madaraka, kuandika; (rule,
control) amri, hukumu, tthini;
(use,distribution) mgawo, maenezi,
matumizi; (sale) kuuza. At the
disposal of, chini ya, katika mkono
wa, layari kwa.

Dispose, v. (arrange) andika, weka
taratibu, tengeneza; (use) tumia;
(direct) ongoza, elekeza. Dispose
of, (settle) kukumia, kata mambo
ya, amuria; (make away with)
komesha, uzia mbali, tumika mbali,
acha, toa. Be disposed to, Zaka,
Zenda, elekea.

Disposer, n. mfengenezaji, mwenyi
amri.

Disposition, n. (character) moyo,
tabia; (inclination) elekeo, kutaka ;
(erran gements) madaraka, tara-

tibu,

Dispossess, v. toa, ondosha, fukuza.

Disproof, n. kuonya uwongo, ma-
thubutu ya kuonya uwongo.

Disproportion, n. (sali ya kuwa si
cheo ao kadiri ya kufaa), si sawa,
si -lingantfu.

Disproportionate, a. -enyz Dispro-
portion.

Disprove, v. onya uwongo, shuhudia
kama sivyo.

Disputable, a. enyi maltala, si ya-
kini, si hakika.

Disputant, n. mshindani [wa ma-
neno|, mtetaji, mhoji. 1 was one of
the isputants, mimi nalikuwamo
katika maneno yale.

Disputatious, a. mfu wa Dispute,
-gomos, 8c.

Dispute, n. ushindani wa maneno,
kubishana, mateto,ugomvui, maneno.

— v. shindana kwa maneno, bi-
shana, telana, gombana.

Disqualification, n. (deprivation)

102

DISSENT

kuondolewa haki, &c.; (incapacity)
kutoweza ; (stop, obstruction) £2-
2410, 0.

Disqualify, v. (debar) ondolea hakz,
gombeza, harimisha; (render unfit,
incapacitate) zuza, ondolea nguvu
(uwezo, &c.|. Be disqualified, ondo-
lewa haki, &c.; (be unfit) sé faa,
st stahtli, st weza. He is dis-
qualified, hawezi, hastahili, hafai ;
(debarred) amegombezwa, Stc.

Disguiet, Disquietude, n. fathaa,
uthia, haraka, kuhangaika.

—— Vv. fathaisha, harakisha, sumbua,
pekecha.

Disquisition, n. maneno | ya kueleza
Jambo), maneno mengi.

Disregard, v. si angalia, acha,
tharau,

—— n. kutoangalia, &c.

Disrelish, v. s¢ taka, st penda.

—— n. hutotaka, chuki,

Disrepair, n. halt mbaya, hali ya
kuharibika, kuchakaa.

Disreputable, a. -enyi sifa mbaya.

Disrepute, n. sifa mbaya.

Disrespect, n. #kosefu wa heshima,
kukosa adabu.

Disrespectful, a. -kosefu wa adabu
[Aeshima, Src.). Be disrespectful,
vunja heshima, kosa adabu.

Disrobe, v. vua, vulia.

Disruption, n. ku

Dissatisfaction, n. uchungu.

Dissatisfied, a. st -ratht, -enyt
uchungu.

Dissect, v. kafa vipande vi;
(kwa maana ya kutazama ndani).

Dissection, n. kukata, &c. (Tas.
Dissect).

Dissemble, v. ficha, geusa; (neut.)
Jificha, ji;

Dissembler, n. mnafiki [wa-}.
Disseminate, v. enesa, tawanya.
Dissension, n. fitina, ugomvi.
Dissent, v. st kubali, si rithkia, si
ana.

n. kutokubali, makatazo, ku-
kana; (in religion) kujitenga
(waliojitenga, wasiokubaliana) na
Kanisa (Tas. Church) /a /ngeresa.

DISSENTER

Dissenter, n. (asiyekubali amri ya
Kanisa la Ingereza |.

Dissentient, a. -2 kuona vingine,
-a kutokubali, -enyi shauri ngine,
nia mbali.

Dissertation, n. (maneno mengi ya
kueleza ao kufundisha ao ya maa-
vifa), maneno, kitabu.

Dissever, v. ‘enga, kata.

Dissimilar, a. sz sawa, mbali, -enyi
tofauti.

Dissimilarity, n. tofauti, thtilafu.

Dissimulation, n. unafiki.

Dissipate,v./apanyalapanya, ondolea
mbali, ondoa kabisa.

Dissipation, n. asherati, uasherati,
ulevi, ufisadi; (dispersion, loss)
ondoleo, upotevu ; (frivolity) masu-
ngumzo matupu, kucheza.

Dissociate, v. Zenga, kata, weka
mbali,

Dissolute, a. -fisadi, -potofu, -ashe-
vatt, -levt.

Dissolution, n. (end) mwisho;
(death) mauti; (destruction) kuhka-
ribika.

Dissolve, v. (melt) yeyusha, (neut. )
yeyuka; (destroy) vunja, fungua,
komesha, (neut.) vunjika, kwisha.

Dissonance, n. sauti zisizolingana,
makelele ; (difference) tofauti.

Dissonant, a. -a sauti mbali | kosefu,
si linganifu, si nzuri), -a ma-
kelele; (different) mbali.

Dissuade, v. suia, | geuza, kwa ma-
neno ya ushawishi |, vuta kwa vi-
ngine.

Dissuasion, n. kuzuta kwa maneno,
&c. (Tas. Dissuade).

Dissuasive, a. -2 Dissuasion.

Dissyllable, n. -2 Syllables 2/2.

Distaff, n. (kijiti cha kukunjia uzi,
chenyi donge la usi |.

Distance, n. vrefu wa kati; (in
travelling) mwendo; (interval) na-
fasi ya kati, nafasi; (in time)
wakati, muda; (distant place)
palipo mbali, mbali. Keep your
distance, jz/enga.

v. pitilia.

Distant, a. mbali; (indistinct) sz

108

DISTRACT

thahirz; (cold, reserved) si -ku- -
njufu,si -a moyo, baridi. A distant
relative, ndugu lakini si karibu.
Distaste, n. kutopenda, machukio,
chuki. .
Distasteful, a. -a kuchukiza,
Distemper, n. ugonjwa | wa nyama] ;
(thin glue) sheresé.
Distend, n. vimdbisha, nyosha, tanua
ongeza, panua.
Distention, n. kuvimba, kuvimbi-
shwa, &c.

Distich, n. (wimbo wa mistari mi-
wili, mashairi mawili pamoja).
Distil, v. zonesha, (neut.) tona;
(spirits, Sc.) | fanyisa dawa aomvi-
nyo kwa kupika; fanyiza maji

a

S y e
Distillation, n. kufonesha, 8c.

‘Distillery, n. syumba ya Distilla-

tion.

Distinct, a. (different) -ngine, mba-
limbali, mojamoja ; (clear) thahtri,
wazi, kiada. Speak slowly and
distinctly, sema kiada, pambazua.
These matters are entirely distinct
from each other, mambo haya
hayapatani.

Distinction, n. (difference) Zofaulfi ;
(honour) heshima, sifa.

Distinctive, a. -2 kupambanua, -a
kuonyesha, -a peke yake, -a mtindo.

Distinotness, n. uthahir:.

Distinguish, v. fambanua, bainisha,
chagua, weka mbali; (confer hon-
our) fukusa, pasha sifa ; (perceive)
ona, tambua. He greatly distin-

uished himself, alijipatia sifa
bwa.

Distinguishable, a. -4 kutambuli-
kana, -a kuonekana, thahiri.

Distinguished, a. -teule, -a fahari,
-tukufu, mashuhuri, bora.

Distort, v. (disfigure) fopfotoa, u-
mbua; (pervert) geuza vibaya,
haribu maana ya.

Distortion, n. (by disease) kmaa,
kuumbuka; (perversion) uharibifu,
upotofu.

Distract, v. (draw attention) achz-
sha kazi, ondoa katika shughuli,

DISTRACTED

vuta pangine; (occupy) shughu-
lisha; (unsettle) t2a fathaa | ma-
shaka, wasimo]|; (amuse) pumzi-
sha, tuliza.

Distracted, a. -enyi fathaa, Sc.
(Zaz. Distraction).

Distraction, n. (unsettlement) fa-
thaa, mashaka, haraka, waztmo;
(rest) pumzisho, kitulizo, mchezo.

Distrain, v. /ipiza, tosa kwa nguvu,
kwaa kwa nguvu, filisi.

Distraint, n. kufilisi, kulipiza.

Distress, v. sumbua, thiisha, chokoza,
lemea, thikisha.

—n. shidda, thiki, uthia, msiba,
mashaka, huzuni; (distraint) kufi-
list, kufilisika.

Distribute, v. (give out, divide) Zoa,
gawa, gawanya, eneza; (arrange)
ainisha, panga, andika.

Distributer, n. mgawanya, mwenest.

Distribution, n. mgawanyo, mgawo,
maenezi,

District, n. (of country) inchi,
upande, jimbo, wilaya; (of town)
mtaa(mi-J; (division) /ungu[ma-],
sehemu.

Distrust, v. 52 amini, st sadiki, onea
shaka, tuhumu, thania, fanyia
hathars.

—— n. hathari, hofu, utuhumu.

Distrustful, a. -enyt hathari,
-St0amint,

Disturb, v. (annoy) sumbua, amsha,
shughulisha, pekecha; (disarrange)
chafua, boruga, tia fujo. Do not
disturb yourself, starehe.

Disturbance, n. (riot) ftina, kero,
uthta; (disarrangement) macha-
fuko, fujo.

Disunion, n. (discord) fitina, kuto-
patana, ugomvi, si shauri moja,
hali mbali; (separation) kute-
ngana.

Disunite, v. tenga, farikisha, kata.

Disuse, n. kutotumika. This path
has fallen into disuse, njia hii
imekufa, haitumiki,

—— v. acha kutumia, acha.

Ditch, n. handaki, shimo [ma-],
msinjt (mi-).

104

DIVINE

Ditto, n. zletle, kama kwanza, sawa
sawa.

Ditty, n. (wimbo mdogo wa kilolo),
utumbuizo.

Diuretic, a. -4 kuongeza mkojo, -a
kukojosha.

Diurnal, a. (daily) -a killa siku,
siku kwa siku; (in daylight) -a
mchana.

Divan, n. kiti | kikubwa chenyi mito},
matakia,

Dive, v. zama majini, piga mbizi.

Diver, n. mpiga mbizi, mzamia
(Zulu, &c.).

Diverge, v. enda njia singine zi—
ngine ,enda mbalimbali, tawanyika ;
(differ) -wa mbalimbali.

Divergence, n., kwenda njia zingine
ZINGENE, upande; (ditler-
ence) fofautz,

Divergent, a. -2 kwenda upande,
mbalimbalt.

Divers, a. marithawa, -ingt, -ngine
ngine.

Diverse, a. mbalimbali, namna nyi-
ngi, -ngine -ngine.

Diversify, v. fanya mbalimbali
[namna nyingi, st ginsi moja |.

Diversion, n. kugeuza, kupotoa,
kupotosha; (pastime) mchezo, ma-
sungumzo; (restful change) | jambo
la kuachisha kasi), pumzisho;
(stratagem) kudanganya adut, hela.

Diversity, n. tofauts, thitlafu.

Divert, v. geuza upande, potosha ;
(relieve, amuse) achisha kazi, fura-
hisha, chekesha.

Diverting, a. -a kuchekesha.

Divest, v. vua, twalta.

Divide, v. (into parts) kata, passa,
vunja; (separate) ¢enga, pita kati
ya; (distribute) gawa, gawanya ;
(set at variance) farikisha, fitini;
(neut.) Zengwa, gawanyika. The
road divides, njia inagawanyika.

Dividend, n. sehemu ya fayida;
(in arithmetic) [Aesabe yenyi kuga-
wanyika, kigawanytko|\,

Divination, n. uagusi, kupiga bao
(ramli, falakt).

Divine, v. (foretell) agua, jua

DIVINE
mbele, bashiri; (guess) bahatisha,
kisi.

Divine, a. -2 Muungu, kama -a
Muungu, -a dini, -takatifu; (sur-
passing) bora sana, -tukufu, -a
Sakari, ajabu.

n. mwalimu wa dint, mwenyi
chmu ya mambo ya Muungu.

Divine service, n. zbada ya Muun-
gu, dini.

Diving-bell, n. (chombo cha kusa-
mishia watu chini ya maji).

Divinity, n. uungu, umuungu, asili
ya Muungu, Muungu; (theology)
elimu ya mambo ya Muungu.

Divisible, a. -a kugawanyikana.

Division, n. (separation) kulenga,
matengo; (in arithmetic) mkasama ;
(distribution) mgawo, gawanysho;
(variance) Zofauti, fitina; (par-
tition) itu cha kulenga, kiya-
mbaza; (part) kitu kilichotengeka,
fungu [ma-}, mkato [ms-]; (of
army) Ssehemu,nussu, kikost,sehemu
ya jeshi.

Divisor, n. (in arithmetic) kiga-
wanyo. ~

Divorce, n. talaka.

v. tangua ndoa, acha, tenga,
talaks.

Divulge, v. fumbua | siri ), toa wazi.

Dizziness, n. kisunguzungu.

Dizsy, a. -a kizunguzungu, -a kutia
kizunguzungu ; (precipitate) -a ha-
raka, si -angalifu.

Do, v. (p.t. Did, pf. t. Done) tenda,
fanya ; (finish) maliza, isha; (be
useful) faa; (cheat) danganya,
punja, shinda; (be, go on) -wa
na hali, endelea, How do you
do? hujambo? jambo? hali gani ?
I am doing well, sijambo, hali
njema, nafanikiwa. It will not
do, haifai, haiendi, It is done,
(finished) simekwisha, imemali-
zika; (cooked) imeiva. He is
done, amechoka, ameshindwa. Do
over, funika, paka. Be done,
done for, shindwa potea, salimika
ajali. Do for, potesa, angamiza,
ua; (suffice) faa, tosha; (affect)

105

DOGMATIC

fonyia, tendea. Do' without, sz
tumia, st taka, st hitajt. Do with
(find use for), tumia; (havedealings
with) shughulika na. Have to do
with, shughulika na. I have done
with it, simo tena, sifanyi tena,
Situmti tena, sina neno nayo tena.
Do away with, ondoa kabisa. Do
do it, tafathali ufanye, nataka sana
ufanye. Do you want it? I do,
waitaka? nataka. Do (well, ill)
by, tendea (mazuri, mabaya).

Docile, a. -#:2, -stkilifu, makini.

Docility, n. «22, usikizi, makini.

Dock, v. kata, katiza, fupisha.

——;, Dockyard, n. (for ships) gudi,
majahaba.

Doctor, n. tabibu, mganga, daktari ;
(learned man) mwalimu.

— v. ganga, tia dawa, upgusa.

Doctrinal, a. -z Doctrine.

Doctrine, n. elimu, tlau, mafundi-
sho ya dini, mathehebu, imani,
kanuni; (idea) nia. It is his
doctrine, ndivyo aonavyo mwe-
nyewe.

Document, n. hati, andiko, cheti,
mkataba.

Documentary, a. -a hati, -enyi
kuandikwa.

Dodge, n. hila, kitimbi, mtego |mi- |.

—v.cepa,jicpuka. —

Doe, n. Deer jike.

Doer, n. mtenda [wa-], aliyetenda
Lambo fullani).

Does, v. Zaz. Do.

(pariah) mbwa

Shama mbwa wa ku-
a.

Dog-days, n. siku sa jua kali.

Doge, n. (mfalme wa Venesio za-
mans |.

Dogged, a. (obstinate) -shupafu,
"gumu; (firm) ¢hadits.

Doggerel, a. mashairi [ya upuzi,
hafifu).

Dogma, n. fundisho la kanuni [la
sharti).

Dogmatic, a. -a shartt, -a kanuni;

DOGMATISM

(arbitrary) -2 Aukata maneno, -enyt

maneno.makavn, -shupafu.

Dogmatism, n. ushupafu wa ma-
neno, kushika maneno mno, kukata
maneno, maneno makavu.

Dogmatize, v. kata maneno, shika
mno shauri | maneno).

Dog-star, n. Shtvaa (Ar.).

Doings, n. matendo, mwenendo.
Grand doings, siku kuu, michezo,
tamasha, makuu.

Dole, n. fosho; (alms) sadaka, ki-
dogo.

v. gawanya kidogo kidogo.

Doleful, a. -a kusuni, -zilo.

Doll, n. mtoto wa bandia.

Dollar, n. reale, Black dollar, reale
ya Sham. Spanish Pillar dollar,
reale ya mzinga.

Dolorous, a. kama Doleful,

Dolphin, 'n. (samaki kama nya-
mgumi mdogo).

Dolt, n. mjinga (| wa-).

Domain, n. milki, inchi, That is
my domain, kazi yangu ile,

Dome, n. sege, kuba.

Domestic, a. -4 nyumbani. A do-
mestic person, of domestic tastes,

mkaa nyumbani, mtawa. <A
domestic, mtumishi [wa-}.
Domesticate, v. fuga, kalisha
nyumbani.

Domisdsile, n. nyumba, makao.

Dominant, a. -kuu, -a nguvu.

Dominate, v. (rule) sawala, -wa na
amri juu ya; (prevail) -wa na
nguvu, shinda.

Domination, n. ufawala, hukumuy,

nguvu.

Domineer, v. fanya jeuri, toa nguvu,
onea. He is a domineering
man, hupiga ubwana, ubwana
mwingi.

Dominion, n. mamlaka, utawala;
(country) milki, ufalme. Be under
the dominion of, shindwa na, -wa
chini ya.

Don, v. yaa, jivika, jivalia.

Donation, n. zawadi, athia [adia),
ada, hedaya, bakshishi.

Done, pf.t. ya Do. Be done, (finished)

106

DOUBLE

isha, malizika, salimika ajali;
(overcome) shindwa; (deceived)
danganyika; (tired out) choka
sana,

Donkey, n. (riding) funda; (for
loads, jmainland) punda kiongwe
[vi-], kiongwe.

Donor, n. (mwenyi kutoa ao kupa),
mpaji, mtoa.

Doom, n. (fate) ajali;
hukumu.

—v. (destine) weka; (sentence)
pasisha hukumu.

Doomsday, n. situ ya mwisho Lya
kuhukumiwa ulimwengu).

Door, n. mlango |mi-|).
ndani ya nyumba, ndani. Out of
doors, nje ya nyumba, nje. Next
door to, karibu na. Lay at his
door, sitaki, tia hatiyani mwa.

Doorkeeper, n. bawabu wa mlango,
mngoje[wa-] mlango. Door-chain,
viza. Door-post, mwimo |mi-).
Door-step (sill), kizingiti (vt-|.

Dormant, a. -2 kulala; (disused)
-stotumika, -liokufa.

Dormitory, n. chumba cha kulala.

Dose, n. | kasi cha dawa, kadiri ya
dawa ya siku moja ao ya marra
moja). A good dose, wingi, tele.

—— v. nywesha dawa.

Dot, n. nukta, alama ndogo, kitone.

——v. tia nukta. Dot abont, fa
huko na huko. Be dotted about,
tapakaa, tawanyika.

Dotage, n. usulu, ukongwe, upuzi
wa kizee.

Dotard, n. mjinga, mzulu.

Dote, v. (be silly) su/u. Dote on,
pendelea, tia habbani, tunusa.

Double, a. maradufu, marra mbili;
(in pairs) -wili-wili, kwa jozi;
(deceitful) -2 kila, -a nia mbili,
st -aminifu. Double dealing,
ujanja, hila,'ukopi.

— v. zidisha marra mbili, fanya
marudufu; (turn back) geuka,
vudi nyuma; (go quickly) kasa
mwendo, kimbia. Double a cape,
sunguka vast, pitia rast, faulu,

n. marra mbili; (counterpart)

(judgement)

Indoors,

DOUBLE-BARRELLED

mwenzi, sawa, mfano. At the
double, mbio.

Double-barrelled, a. -2 midomo mi-
wili.

Double-minded, a. -a nia mbili, st
-nyofu, -enyi hila, kaoleni.

Doubt, n. shtaka [ma-], tashwishi,
waswasi.

— v. -wa na shaka, ona shaka,
Sanya tashwishi (Ar.). I doubt it,
sisadiki,

Doubtful, a. (irresolute) -enyi ma-
shaka; (uncertain) si hakika, si

. yakini, -siojulika, si thahiri. The
issue was doubtful, kaikujulikana
kutakuwaje. -

Doubtless, adv. pasip~o shaka, ha-
kuna shaka, yakini, naam.

Dough, n. (unga uliotiwa maji na
chachu tayari kuokwa), bumbwi.

Doughty, a. hodars.

Douse, v. mwagia maji, lowesha.

Dove, n. kwa.

Dovetail, v. (mortise) ungisha kwa

118.

Dowager, n. [514 mkubwa).

Down, n. vilima vyenyi majani;
(fine hair, &c.) #/atka[ma-]. Ups
and downs, mabadili, mapinduzi.

adv. (below) chini; (low, de-

pressed) katika hali Thaifu, katika
huzuni; (of descent, duration, de-
crease) toka juu, tokea samant,

[Awa ginsi ya kushusha ao kupu-

nguza|. Come down, shuka ; (de-

crease) punguka. Down with it!
angusha, vunja, angamiza !

Downcast, a, -enyt huzuni, -zilo. |.

Be downcast, siika tama.
Downfall, n. maanguko, maanga-
mizi. A downfall of rain, mvua
nyingi, tufant.
Down-hearted, a. kama Downcast.
Downhill, a. -a kuja chini, -a ku-
geuka hali mbaya, rahisi.
Downpour, n. A downpour ofrain,
mvua nyingi.
Downright, a. -nyofu, wazi, halisi.
Downward, a. kama Downhill.

Downy, a. /aint, -ororo, -a malaika.

Dowry, n. mahari.

107

DRAMA

Doxology, n. [simbo wa kumtukuza
Muungu).

Dose, Vv. sinzia.

Dosen, n. kumi na mbili, dazan.

Drab, a. -a rangi nyeust.

Draft, n. (sketch, design) sanamu,
mwandiko; (of soldiers) kundi
dogo la asikari; (cheque) kati
ya kulipa fetha, hundi, awala;
(carrying) uchukuzi; (current of
air) upepo, mvuto wa pepo, baridi
ikipita; (amount Chawa) (ktasé cha
kinywaji ao cha dawa); (depth)
[Aadire ya kwenda chins merikebu,
kadiri ya maji yake ya kuieleza |.
Drafts (game), dama.

v. (design) andika, piga sanamu
ya, toa; (select, separate) chagua,
tenga.

Draft-animal, n, mnyama wa kazi.

Drag, v. kokota, vuta, burura; (go
slowly) enda kwa shidda; (search)
tafutia, tafuta katika.

n. (hindrance) kizuio; (net)
wavu ; (carriage) | gari kubwa).
Drag-net,n.jarifa (la kuzama chinz |.

Dragoman, mkalimani.

Dragon, n. | joka lenyi mabawa|.

Dragon-fly, n. kering'ende.

Dragoon, n. asikari mpanda frasi.

— v. onea vibaya.

Drain, n. mfereji (mi-), mfumbi
(mii-); (removal, waste) upotevu,
mpunguo, ondoleo; (heavy expense)
gharama kubwa.

v. (draw off) churukiza, tiri-

risha, pitisha; (make drainage)

(fanyia mifereji ya kuchukulia

takataka |; (exhaust) kumba, tumia

mbali; (trickle away) zZiririka;

(carry off water of) chukua maji

yote ya.

Drainage, n. (kuchukua maji, ku-
pita maji kwa vijito; (sewers)
mafereji ya taka).

Drake, n. bafta ndume.

Drama, n. (mchezo wa vinyago,
mchezo wa kujigeuza wangine,
wa kuonyesha mambo ya katika
hadithi kama yalivyokuwa mambo
yenyewe, mchezo wa Theatre;

DRAMATIC

hadithi iliyofanyika makusudi ya
kuchezwa katika Theatre |); uigaji,
tamasha, mchezo.

Dramatic, a. -4 Drama.

Dramatist, n. mfunga Drama.

Dramatize, v. |andika ao fanya kwa
ginst ya Drama).

Drauk, p. t. ya Drink.

Drape, v. pamba kwa nguo.

Draper, n. mwuza nguo.

Drapery, n. 2940.

Drastic, a. -a nguvu sana.

Draught, n. za v. = Draft.

Draw, v. (p. t. Drew, pf. t. Drawn)
(drag) kokota, vuta ; (depict) andi-
ka, piga (sanamu); (of water)
teka; (sword, &c.) futa; (money)
toza, pata; (tears, blood, 8c.) Zoa,
fovea. Draw together, kusanyika,
(oneself) jikunyala. Draw near,
karibia, sogea karibu. Draw a bow,
pinda upindi, Drawthe long-bow,
piga chuku. Draw a line, piga
mstari; (stop) weka mpaka, fanya
mwisho, komesha. Draw a nail,
ng'oa msomari, kongoa. Draw
breath, faaza pumuzi, tanafusi.
Draw up, (arrange) Panga; (stop)
simama; (write) andika. Draw
on, (approach) artbza; (of money)
lipiza, tumia; (of clothes) vaa;
(bring) /efa; (of resources) t*waa
nussu ya, gharamisha,twaa kattka;
(entice) wafa. Draw off, (retire)
rudi, enda zake; (take off) vua,
ondoa ; (drain off) churusisha.
Draw a battle or game, shindana
pasipo kushinda, shindana sawa
sawa. Draw water, zeka. It draws
six feet of water, ( merikebu ) yataka
maji ya pima moja. Draw lots,
piga kura. Draw a lesson, ji-
funza. Draw a conclusion, ona,
thant (baada ya kutoa ao kusikia
sababu), Draw out, (write clearly)
andika vizuri; (explain) eleza;
(enlarge) ongeza; (cause to talk)
semesha, toza maneno; (cause to
come ont) koa, tosa. futua. Draw
to an end, -wa karibu kwisha.

Drawhbaock, n. £:2440.

108

DRESSING

Drawbridge, n. #/alo, mtatago.

Drawer, n. (of a table) mtoto wa
meza; (draughtsman) mwandishi
wa sanamu). Chest of drawers,
Landtcba lenyi watoto|.

Drawers, n. sorual:.

Drawing, n. kuandika sanamu;
(picture) sanamu, andiko [ma-]},
choro |ma- |, taswira.

Drawing-room, n. sébule.

Drawl, v. kokota (| tambaza | maneno,
kokoteza sauti.

Drawn,a. A drawn battle, game,
&c., (vila ao mchezo pasimoshinda
mtu, ushindani wa sawa sawa |.

—— pf. t. ya Draw.

Dread, v. ogopa. .

—— n. woga, hofu.

Dreadful, a. -a hofu, -a tisho.

Dream, n. ndoto.

— v. (p. t. na pf. t. Dreamt,
Dreamed) ofa.

Dreamy, a. kama ndoto, -enyi kuota
ndoto, -sinzia.

Drear, Dreary, a. pasipo furaha,
kama ukiwa, -a kutia husuni,
-baya,

Dredge, Dredger, n. (wavu ao cho-
mbo cha kuzolea taka majini),

Dregs, n. takataka, kishinda, tamma,
machujo, masimbe,

Drench, v. mwagia maji, lowesha,
nywesha | nyama) dawa.

Dress, n. nguo, mavazi,
(woman’s) kisufu, kanga.

——v, vika, (neut.) zaa; (adom)
pamba; (cook) Pika; (apply
medicine, &c.) #a dawa; (arrange
in line) panga |asikari); (set
ready) Zengeneza, andaa; (dress
finely) piga umalidadi, jivalia;
(prepare raw material) cha-
mbua.

Dresser, n. meza ya jikoni; (doctor’s
assistant) mganga mdogo.

Dressing, n. (of calico) dondo;
(medical) dawa ya kubandika;
(keeping line) utaratibu [we ku-
panga asikari); (love of dress)
umalidadi, Dressing-room, pa-
kubadili nguo.

DREW

Drew, p. t. ya Draw.

Dribble, v. Ziririka, dondoka.

Dribblet, n. kidogo. By dribblets,
kidogo kidogo.

Drift, v. chukuliwa; (loiter) sztasita,
tanga.

n. takataka; (current) mvuto;
(meaning) maana.

Drill, n. (boring tool) fee; (military)
utaratibu wa asikari, kwotas.

panga asikari, fundisha ;
(neut.) chesa (asikari |, cheza gwd-
ridi; (make hole) sua, fanya tundu,
foboa; (with a drill) pekecha.

Drink, v. (p. t. Drank, pf. t. Drunk)
nywa; (receive gladly) zokea | sikia,
ona) kwa furaha; (get drunk)
lewa. Drink to, Drink the health
of, salimu | kwa kunywea mvinyo),
pigia salamu.

—— n. kinywa, kinywaji |(vi-), cha-
kunywa ; (alcoholic) kileo.

Drinkable, a. -a kunyweka.

Drinker, n. mnywaji ; (drunkard)
mlevi,

Drip, v. fona, dondoka, tiririka.

Dripping, n. (of meat) uto wa
nyama; (dropping) kufona, ma-
nyunyo.

Drive, v. (p. t. Drove, pf. t. Driven)
endesa kwa nguvu, ongoza kwa
nguvu; (drive away) kimbiza,
fukuza ; (in carriage) chukua kwa
gari, (neut.) enda kwa gari, tembea
kwa gari; (force, urge) sukuma,
sukumiza, shurutisha. Drive an
engine, endesha gari, simamia
gari. Drive a nail, gongomea.
Drive at, taka, jaribia. Drive a
tunnel or hole, fukua, fanya shimo
(tundu). Let drive, Piga.

—— n. mwendo katika gari, njia ya
kuendea gari.

Drivel, v. toka ute; (talk foolishly)
pumbazika, payuka, pusa.

—— n. upusi.

Driven, pf. t. ya Drive.

—— n. msimamizi wa gari | frasi,
&c.], satst.

Drizzle, n. manyunyo.

Droll, a. -a kuchekesha, -teshteshs.

—— Ya

109

DRUID

Drollery, n. ubishi, uchekeshaji,
mzaha, uteshieshi.

Dromedary, n. ngamia| ya kimisri).

Drone, n. nyuki ndume; (lazy pet-
son) mzembe, mvivu; (monotone)
uvumi.

Droop, v. fifa, zimia, thoofika,
shuka; (let down) inamisha, shu-
sha.

Drop, v. anguka, ponyoka, shuka;
(stop) oma, isha ; (let go) acha,
angusha; (utter) toa (neno); (of
water, &c.) toma; (grain) dondoka;
(leaves) pukutiha; (wind) legea,
Drop into, tumbukia.

—— n. tone (mar), kitone [ui-]; | kitu
chenyt kushuka ao kushusha).
(Prov.) Many drops fill the bucket,
haba na haba hujaza kibaba.

Dropsy, n. tstiska (Ar.), tumbo la
maji, kuvimba.

Dross, n. (scum) pom (of metals,
&c.) mavi | ya chuma, ya madini |,
tomo la chuma; (folly, rubbish)
upuzi, takataka.

Drought, n. kukosa mvua siku
nyingi, ukavu, kiu.

Drove, p. t. ya Drive.

—n. kundi la nyama.

Drover, n. mchungaji [wa-| wa
nyama.

Drown, v. /0sa majini, zamisha,
tumbukiza; (overwhelm, silence)
shinda, nyamasisha. Be drowned,
tota, -fa maji.

Drowsiness, n. leppe, leppe ya usi-
ngizi.

Drowsy, a. -enyi leppe, 8c.

Drubbing, n. Give a drubbing to,
piga sana (mtu).

Drudge, n. miu wa kasi, mtumwa ;
(female) mjakazi.

Drudgery, n. kazi gumu, utumwa.

Drug, n. dawa.

—— v. nywesha dawa ya nguvu
(sumu, kileo).

Drugget, n. sulia.

Druggist, n. mwuza dawa, mwenyi
duka la madawa.

Druid, n. (kahini wa Waingereza
wa samani).

DEUM

Drum, n. ngoma | ya kupiga), {cho
chote chenyi mfano wa ngoma)
pipa. kopo, &c.; (of ear) ngozi kati

— yasikio, kiwambo cha sikio; (sound
of drum) dundo.

— v. piga ngoma; pigapiga, £0-
mgagonga.

Drunken (Be), v. /ewa.
Get Get drunk, Jilevya. Make drunk,
levya.

—— pf. t. ya Drink.

Drunkard, n. mlevi (wa-].

Drunkenness, n. ulevi.

Dry, a. -kavu, yabis; (waterless)
kame, pasipo mvua, pasipo maji;
(plain) st -a kupendeza ; (severe)

kali, -gumu. <A dry discourse,
maneno baridi.

v. kausha; (clothes) anika,
(neut.) kauka, nyauka.

Dry goods, n. [dithaa kama nguo,
si vyakula).

Dry-nurse, n. (mlezt alishaye mtoto
asimnyonyeshe).

Dual, 2. -a wafu wawili, -a vitu
viwili.

Dub, v. pasha jina la heshima, laja.

Dubious, a. -enyi mashaka, si ha-
kika, si -aminifu.

Ducal, a. -4 Duke.

Ducat, n. | fetha ya Ulaya zamani,
kama reale mbili, pangine reale
moja).

Duchess, n. (Duke wa kike, mkewe
Duke].

Duchy, n. = Dukedom.

Duck, n. data [ma-]. Make ducks
and drakes of , Juja, tupa

— Vv. chovya, kuimbukiaa majini ;
(bend down) inama, jikunja.

Duct, n. mchirizi [mi-], kichirizi
[vs-], nyweleo.

Ductile, a. -a kuvuttkana.

Ductility, n. uvutikana.

Dudgeon, n. chuki, mfundo.

Due, n. haki, halali, mali, ustahili,
desturi, ada; (taz) ushuru, kodi.

a. -a haki, &c. (Tas. Due, n.).

Due to, kwa sababu ya; (befitting)

-a kupasa, wajibu. It is due to

the sun, m: kwa sababu ya jua.

110

DUPLICATE

The ship is due to-day, merikebu
ingekuja leo, leo ni siku yake.

Duel, n. pigano [Ja watu wawili).

Duet, n. zimbo [wa waimbaji wa-
wili).

Dug, n. 4 [ma-].

— p.t. na pf. t. ya Dig.

Dugong, n. nguva.

Duke, n. (mtu mwenyi cheo bora
bupiia wote sila mfalme, mtu

sana), sheki.

Dukedom, n. (milki ao daraja ya
Duke |}.

Dulocet, a. -/amau |kusikia |.

Dull, a. -st/o, -pumbafu, pasipo akili
nyingi; (slow) si -epesi, si -elekevu,
si -a bidii, st -a furaha; (dim) sé
-a kung'aa, si -angafu ; (dark) -a
giza, -& mawingu, -cusi kidogo ;
(tedious) -a kuchukiza; (blunt)
butu. A dull discourse, maneno
baridi, maneno masito (hayana
kiungo). Get dull (colour), chz-
juka, chakaa.

Dullness, n. uzito, &c. (Zaz. Dull).

Duly, adv. vizuri, ipasavyo, tara-
tibu, kwa kawaida, kwa wakali
wake, sawa sawa.

Dumb, a. bubu. Be dumbfounded,
tundawaa, shikwa na bumbuazi.
Dumb-bells, n. (vyuma vizito vya

kuchezea |).

Dummy, n. mfano mtupu, kifani tu ;
sanamu,

Dumpling, n. maandasi
bumunda |(ma-|.

Dumps, n: chuki, hasira, mifundo.

Dun, a. -eust kidogo.

— v. taka fetha kwa makelele,
kamia, lipisa deni, tosa fetha;
(harass) «thi, sumbua.

Dunce, n. mjinga kabisa.

Dung, n. mavi, samadi.

Dungeon, n. geresa, kifungo

Dung-hill, n. chungu la samadi,
jaa.

Dupe, v. danganya, punja, kopa.

—— n. barathuls, mjinga.

Duplicate, n. makulu, mwenst,
-ngine mfano mmoja, -ngine sawa
sawa,

mastlo,

DUPLICITY

Duplicity, n. - kika, udanganyifu,
unafiki, thitlafu.

Durable, a. -a kukaa sana, -a da-
yima, si -a kuharibika upesi, -a
aushi.

Duration, n. aushi, maisha, muda,
wakali, uendeleo.

Durbar, n. baraza. Hold a durbar,
fanya baraza, barisé.

Durian, n. finessi ya kizungu.

During, prep. wakati wa, pindi ya,
kwa.

Durst, p. t. ya Dare.

Dusk, n. 28a ya jioni, magaribi.

Dusky, a. -a giza kidogo, -tusi ki-
do,

fo.

Dust, n. vumbi (ma-]; (on a road)
tifutifu. Throw dust in the eyes
of, osesha, danganya. Raise a
dust, ¢#fua; (make disturbance)
Sanya fitina (makelele).

— v. fula vumbi, pangusa; (by
beating) kukuta.

Duster, n. kitambaa [cha kupa-

mgusia). ma attats

Dusty, a. -enyt mavumbi, -a tifutifu.

Dutch, a -4 Holland.

Duteous, Dutiful, a. -t22, -stkilifu,
-a kuheshimu wasee.

Duty, n. #fasayo, haki, kasi; (toll)
ushuru, kodi; (compliments) sa-
laam. It is my duty, imenipasa.
Duty bids me, imenibidi. Duties
of social station, daraja, cheo.

Dwarf, n. kibeti [vt-], mbilikimo
[wa-]. Be dwarfed or dwarfish,
kundaa, via.

Dwell, v. (p. t. sa pf. t. Dwelt) aa,
shinda, fanya makao. Dwell on,
Dwell upon (a subject, point, Sc, 3,
toa maneno mengi juu ya, fikiri
sana, clesa sana, sumbukia.

Dweller, n. mkazi, mzalia.

Dwelling, n. makao, makasi, masi-
kani.

Dwelt, p. t. na pf. t. ya Dwell.

Dwindle, v. funguka, chakaa, thoo-

Dye, n. rangi. Fast dye, rangi
isiyochujuka.
—— v. ta rangi.

111

EARNEST

Dying, n. na a. kufa, -a kufani.

Dyke, n. Zaz. Dike.

Dynamics, n. (elimu ya nguvu za
kuendesha |.

Dynamite, n. baruti | yanguvu sana).

Dynasty, n. jamaa ya mfalme. :

Dysentery, n./umbo la kuharadamu.

Dyspepsia, n., Dyspeptic, a. I have
dyspepsia, I am dyspeptic, Zambo
langu haliweki chakula vema;
tumbo gumu, chakula hakipiti.

Hach, a. killa -moja, -moja-moja'
Each soldier, each of the soldiers»
killa asikari, asikari wote. Each
one, killa mtu mbalimbali. Each
other, wao kwa wao, killa mtu na
mwenziwe; (with verbs)-avza, Beat
each other, Pigana, chapana. Talk
to each other, ongeana, sungu-
mzana,

Eager, a. -a Bagernoss.

Eagerness, n. moyo, bidii, wepesi,
shauko, tamaa, kutaka ; (excessive)
pupa, harara.

Eagle, n. Zai,

Har, n. sikio [ma-]; (of com) suke
(ma-). Give ear, sikia, sikiliza.
Bring about the ears, fanyia maa-
ngamizi ya. Set by the ears, zia
fitina (ugomvi). Ear ornaments,
kipuli, kipini, jasi.

Barl, n. (jina la heshima, la mtu
mkubwa wa cheo, wa pili yake
Marquis}.

Earldom, n, (daraja ao milki ya

Barly, a. na adv. mapema, -a alfa-
jiri; (premature) mbele ya wakati

wake, upesi, karibu, -tangulifu;
(ancient) -a kale, -a zamani.

Barn, v. pata (Awa kazi), chuma,
stahili,

Barnest, a. -a juhudi, -a bidii, -a
moyo, -@ nguvu,-akweli, -

—— n. bidii, juhudi; (pledge) ara-
buni, rahani, amana., In earnest,
kweli, kwa moyo. Be in eamest,

EAR-RING

kaza moyo, taka | fanya) kwa moyo,
Jifunga, jitahidi,

Bar-ring, n. [pele ya sikio).

Earshot, n. kadiri ya kusikia ma-
neno. He is not within earshot,
hapati kusikia.

Earth, n. (land) incht, arthi: (soil)
udongo; ; (the planet) dunia, uli-
Mmwengu.

Barthen, a.-a udongo. Earthenware,
vitu [vyombo| vya udongo ; (coarse
Indian) vyombo vya Jawa; (fine
white) vyombo vya Sina, vyombo
vya kauli.

Earthly, a. -4 dunia htt, -a chini,
-nyonge.

Earthquake, n. tetemeko [tetemo) la
inchs.

Earthwork, n. boma la udongo.

Barthy, a. -a udongo ; (bad) -nyonge,
-baya.

Ease, n. raha, utulivu, amani; (after
pain) faraja. Be ill at ease, -wa
na fathaa, taharuki, sumbuka.
Be at ease, Feel at ease, starche,
kunjuka, changam’ka, Put at ease,
sterchisha, teremesha. With ease,
pasipo bidii, rahisi, upesi.

—— v. tulisa, fariji, sterchisha;
(of (oF pain) nyamasisha, punguza,

ca maumivu ; (make easy) va-
Kista. Ease oneself, eda chooni.

Basel, n. (mti wa kuegemeza sana-
mu, ao wa kuchukua ubau wa
kuandikia|.

Easily, adv. rahisi, upesi, mara
moja.

Basiness, n. urahisi, wepesi.

East, n. mashariki, mawao (macho)
ya jua.

Easter, n. Pasaka |siku kuu ya ku-
fufuka Isa Masiya).

Hastern, Easterly, a. -2 mashariki.

Bast-wind, n. matlaz.

Easy, a. rahisi, -cpesi, -a marra
moja; (quiet) -a raha, tulivu,
paths, pasipo | uthia; (lax) pole,

si -gumu, st -zilo, -epest.

Bat, v. (p. t. Ate, pf. t. Haten) -/a,
tafuna; ; (take food with fingers)
mega. FEatenough, shiba. Eat

112

ECLIPTIC

(ye), kuleni. Eat one’s words,
rudisha (geuza) maneno, kiria
UWONGO

Eatable, a. -a kulika.

Baten, pf. t. ya Eat.

Bating-house, n. mkahawant.

Eaves, n. mchirizi (mi- |), upenu.

Bavesdropper, n. dukizi (ma-).

Ebb, v. -#wa, shinduka; (lessen)
punguka, - fa.

n. maji ya kupwa.

Bbony, n. mpingo ; (colour) weusi.

Bbriety, n. wevi.

Bbullition, n. mchemko ;
ukali, mkazo, kipindi.

Eccentric, a. -geni, -a kinyongo, -a
kasirani, st taratibu, st kawaida.
He is eccentric, afuata roho yake,
ashika yake, hasikii maneno.

Eccentricity, n. ajabu, ugeni;
mbali, desturi mbali, kinyongo.

Ecclesiastes, n. | kitabu kimoja cha
Bible, Mhubiri).

Ecclesiastic, n, kasisi [ma-], padre
[wa-], [mtu mwenyi daraja katika
Kanisa la kimasihiya|.

Ecclesiastical, a. -a Kanisa la Ma-
siya, -a padre, -a dini.

Beclesiasticus, n. (kitabu cha Isa
bin Sirak).

Echo, n. mwangi; (likeness) mfano,
kifani, kivuli ; (response) jibu,
waliko.

v. oa mwangi ; (respond) jibu,
tttkia, sema tena.

Eclat, n. uzuri, urembo, fahari, sifa
nyingi.

Eclectic, n. na a. (mtu wa kuchagua-
chagua, hasikit wangine, huji-
chagulia mwenyewe, -a kuchagua
katika mengi, si kufuata moja),
mleuzi, -a uteust.

Eclecticism, n. kuwa Eclectic,
uteust.

Eclipse, n. kupatwa mwezi | jua);
(obscuration) kupitiliwa, kushind-
wa.

—v. shinda, pita, acha nyuma.
Be eclipsed, patwa, liwa; (ob-
scured) shindhoa, pitiliwa mbali.

Bcliptio, n, (njia ya jua angani,

(outburst)

nia

ECONOMICAL

113

EFFECT

na mstari wa chini yake katika | Wducate,v. somesha, funza,fundisha,

nchi).

Economical, a. -enyi kupunguza
gharama, -enyt kiasi cha kutoa
fetha, -kabithi, -gumu; (cheap)
rahisi.

Economize, v. punguza gharama,
shika ktasi cha kutoa fetha, weka
akiba, tumia kwa kiasi, kabithi.

Boonomy,n. kasi cha kutumia fetha,
ukabithi; (careful arrangement)
utaratibu, matengento, madaraka.

Eestasy, n. kipindi cha furaha,
mshangao, hali ya kurukwa na
akili. To be in ecstasies of joy,
kujipindapinda kwa furaha.

Eestatic, a. -a kurusha akili, -a
kurukwa na akili, -a nguvu mno,
-ingt MNO.

Ecumenical, a. -4 ulimwengu wole,
-a mambo ya walimwengu wote.
An ecumenical council, (mkutano
mkuu wa maaskofu wote wa
Kanisa la Masiya|.

Eddy, n. mzunguko [wa maji, wa
hewa), msingo (mi-|, mkondo wa
ma

iji.

Edge, n. (of river, rock, &c.) ukingo;
(of a cloth) pindo; (of a weapon,
tool) makali; (of a place) mpaka ;
(keenness) ukali. Give an edge to,
tia makali, moa. Set the teeth
on edge, tia ganzi la meno; (give
offence) chukiza.

Edgewise, adv. kwa upanga, kwa
makali.

Edging,n. (ofa cloth) taraza, upindo.

Edible, a. -a kuzika.

Edict, n. amri, sheria.

Edification, n. kuendeleza | kwa ma-
arifa ao wema), kujengea; (neut.)
kuendelea, kujengewa.

Edifice, n. jumba | ma-|).

Edify, v. ongezea maarifa, Ongoza,
jenga.

Edit, v. Zengeneza kitabu Utayari
kupigwa chapa |, toa kitabu,

Edition, n. |mamna fullani ya
kitabu |.

Bditor, n. mlfengenezaji wa kilabu,
katibu, msimulizi.

elemisha ; (bring up) /ea; (morally)
ongoza, adtltsha,rudi; (in manners)
adibisha. An educated person
(a man of education), mfaa/amu,
miu wa adili, mtu wa adabu,
mwenyi kujua mambo, mjuzi,
mwenyi kuerevuka. -

Education, n. kusoma, kufundishwa,
malezi, ulezi ; (results of teaching)
maarifa, adabu. He is a friend of
native education, apenda watu
weusi wasome, True education is
the harmonious development of the
whole nature of each individual,
intellectual, moral, physical, spirit-
ual, malezi halisi nt kumsttawisha
killa mtu utu wake wote pamoja,
(intellectual) akili, (moral) moyo,
(physical) mwelz, (spiritual) roho.

Hdueator, n. ezi, mkufunzi, mwa-
limu.

Educe, v. foza, toa.

me a [myoka ya maji|, mkunga

mi-).

Bfface, v. futa, futia mbali, ondoa

pia, haribu kabisa.

Effect, n. (result) mwasho, matokeo,
mambo ya baadaye, kazi; (practical
outcome) sambo, tendo; (meaning)
maana; (force) nguvu. In effect,
maana yake, kwa amali, kweli,
To this effect, to the following
effect, kama hivi, kwa maana hit,
Without effect, durre. For effect,
kwa kujifahirisha. Effects (pro-
perty), vyombo, mak, Take effect,
lenda kazi yake, -wa na njia. Give
effect to, Zendesha kazi, tia nguvu.
Produce an effect, Zenda kazi | ya
kushangaza, ya kustusha, ya kuho-
fisha, ya kufurahisha, ya kuhu-
zunisha, &c.|. Carry into effect,
tumta, fikiliza, faulu, timiliza. Be
the effect of, -wa kwa sababu ya.
Have the effect of, mwisho wake nt,
kazi yake ni. The effects of the war,
mambo yaltyotukia kwa sababu ya
vita, mambo ya baadaye.

— v. fanya, fanyiza, timiliza,
pata,

I

EFFECTIVE

Effective, Effectual, Efficacious,
- -ANQUUE, -a kufaa, -enyi njia.
Effeminacy, n. kuwa Effeminate.
Effeminate, a. -a kike, -tepetefu,
-0ga, -a anasa, thatfu.
Effervesce, v. chemka, fanya povu.
Effervescence, n. mchemko, povu.
Effete, a. kuchakaa, -a kuishiwa
nguvu, thaife; (barren) ¢assa.
Efficacy, n. nguvu, mafaa, kazi.
Efficiency, n. utendaji, uhodari,
uwezo, kazi.
Efficient, a. -a nguvu, -a kufaa,
-enyi njia, -a kazi.
Effigy, n. sanamu, mfano, sura.
Efflorescence, n. kuloa unga, unga,
mavumbi meupe, utandu.
Effluent, n. (mlo utokao ziwani).

Effuvium, n. uvundu, harufu
mbaya.
Effiux, n. kufoka, kitu kitokacho

(kama maji).

Effort, n. juhudi, bidii, kujaribu.
Make an effort, jitahidi, (moral)
Jibidi.

Effrontery,n. macho makavu, kiburi.

Effulgence, n. mwanga, mng'ao,
wangafu.

Effusion, n. kutoka, kumwaga, ku-
mwagika ; Maneno mengi.

Effusive, 2 . “kunjufu, -ingt wa ma-
neno, -ingt wa up
Bgg, n. yayi [ma-]; (white) ute;

(yolk) Asenz ; (shell) kaka, ganda.

on, v. sukuma, sukumiza, ha-
rakisha.

Bgg-shell, n. ganda la yayi; (empty)
kaka.

Egotism, n. majisifu, kushika lake,
kujipendelea, choyo.

Bgotistic, a. -enyi Egotism.

Egregious, a. -kubwa sana, pasipo
kiasi, -baya.

Egress, n. njia ya kutoka, (uwezo wa,
ruhusa ya |) kutoka, matokeo.

Egypt, n. Misri.

Hight, n. na a. nane, themanya.

Bighteen, n. sa a. kumi na nane,
themantashara.

Highth, a.-asane. An eighth (part),
themuné.

114

ELECTRIC

Highty, n. 2a a. themanint.
Hither, a. -moja, moja yo yoke, -mo-

Jawapo.

adv. Nor did I do that either,
wala hiyo stkutfanya.

conj ama, ao. Either...
OF, 40... 40.

Bjaculate, v. zoa neno la ghafula.

Ejaculation, n. neno la ghafula.

Eject, v. Za, ondosha, fukuza;
(vomit) Zapika.

Hjection, n. kutoa, kutoka, ondoleo.

Eke out, v. ongeza, zidisha, dumisha,
Juliza.

Blaborate, v. Zimiliza, kamilisha,

fanyiza sana, hitimisha.

a. -a kazi nyingi, -zuri.

Elaboration, n. kazi nyingi, Uzuri.

Eland, n. | nyama | mpofu | wa-).

Blapse, v. pita.

Elastic, a. -a kunyumbuka, kama
mpira, Be elastic, nyumbuka.

Elasticity, n. halt ya kunyumbuka.

Blate, v. tia furaha |kiburi, matu-
maint, moyo mkuu).

Elation, n. mafumaini, furaha.

rare n. kisigino (cha mkono), kivi

vi-).

— v. piga kikumbo.

Blbow-room, n. nafasi.

Elder, n. mzee | wa-), sheki [ma-];
(mti wa Ulaya).

——, Eldest, a. -kubwa | kwa umri).

Blderly, a. -see kidogo.

Elect, v. chagua [Awa kazi ao daraja
bora, kuwa -kubwa), chagua, teua ;
(decide) mza, aztmu.

—— a.-leule. Bride elect, 6252 harusi,

Election, n. (kuchagua mtu kuwa

jumbe ao mkubwa, mchaguo wa
wakubwa |, kuchagua, kuteua.

Electioneer, v. (shurutisha ao suku-
miza watu kuchagua mtu fullani
kuwa mkubwa |.

Elector, n. mwenyi kuchagua, mcha-
guzi, mteuzi (Zaz. Election).

Electoral, a. -enyi kuchagua,
Election.

Electric, a. -2 Electricity; (rapid)
-cpest_ mno ajabu. Electric tele-
graph, simu.

-@

ELECTRICIAN

Electrician, n. mwenyi maarifa ya
Electricity.

Electricity, n. [astli ya umeme, na
elimu yake |, jazibu (Ar.).

Blectrify, v. sfusha kwa Electricity ;
(astonish) stusha sana, shangaza
mno, rusha akili ya.

Blegance, n. uzurt, jamala, madaha,
umbuji; (of speech) usemaji, ufa-
- Saha,

Elegant, a. -eny: Elegance, -buja;
(of language) fasihi.

Elegy, n. mashairi | ya kuomboleza\.

Element, n. (environment) ws#é2-
mwengu; (four elements) [Aewa,
udongo, moto, maji); (elementary
substance or fact) kifu cha asili,
jambo la asili; (part) sehemu,
nussu. Elements (in teaching),
mwanzo, mlango. He is in his
element, ajiona kuwa kwake,
[Awao, &c.). Strife of the elements,
-théruba, tufane, machafuko ya
bahari, pepo nyingi.

Elementary, a. -a asilt, -a mwanzo,
-a kwanza. ,

Blephant, n. tembo, ndovu.

Elephantiasis, n. (leprous) jethamu;
(of leg) Zeende.

Elephantine, a. -kubwa mno, kama
tembo.

Elevate, v. zmua, kweza, pandisha,
panza, paliza, tweka; (elate) fura-
kisha, tumainisha; (promote) zi-
dishia cheo, heshimu, kuza; (im-
prove) ongoza vema, adilisha.

Elevated, a. -a juu, -a kuinuka;
-kuu, bora, -a "furaha, -a tumaini.

Elevation, n. kuinua, kuinuka, Sc.
(Zaz. Elevate); cheo bora, utu-
kufu, heshima; (height) urefu wa
kwenda juu; (hill) kilima, kisu-

i

zulu.
Blevator, n. (mfambo wa kupandi-
sha). .
Eleven, n. sa a. edashara, kumi na
moja. ;
Eleventh, a. -a edashara.
Elf, Elfin, n. zimwi, jini, timvi,

mwana timvt.

Elfish, a. -a Elf.

115

ELYSIUM

Elicit, v. Zoza, onyesha, thikirisha.

Elide, v. kafra neno, toa harufu, toa
nussu ya neno.

Eligibility, n. kuwa Eligible,

Bligible, a. -a kufaa, -a kustahili,
-a kuchaguliwa, -teule.

Eliminate, v. toa.

Elimination, n. kutoa.

Elision, n. (kukatia neno nussu
yake).

Elite, n. jamii ya watu bora, uteule,
wangwana.

Elizir, n. (dawa ya nguvu sana, da-
wa ya ajabu |.

Elk, n. (nyama kama Deer mkubwa).

Ellipse, Ellipsis, n. (in Gram.) (ku-
ruka ao kuacha neno); (in Geom.)
mviringo [kama yayi, st kama
chungwa). There is an ellipse of
a word, weno moja limepunguka
[halimo, limerukwa |.

Elliptic, a. -¢ Ellipse.

Eln, n. (mti wa Ulaya).

Elocution, n. maarifa ya usemaji,
uzoefu wa kunena.

Elocutionist, n. mwenyi maarifa
ya usemaji, mzoefu wa maneno.
Elongate, v. ongeza urefu, tanua,

nyosha.
Elongation, n. kuongeza urefu.
Elope, v. kimbia | kwenda kuolewa
kwa siri), toroka.
Blopement, n. kukimbia, utoro,
Bloquence, n. usemaji, ufasaha wa
maneno, ushawishi, maneno ya ku-
vuta,
Eloquent, a. -ezy: Bloquence.
Else, a. -ngine.
conj. ma adv. (otherwise) kama
stvyo; (besides) tena.
Elsewhere, adv. pangine, pangi-

nepo.

Elucidate, v. fafanua, eleza, thihi-
risha.

Elucidation, n. mafafanusi,maelezo,
ukunjufu.

Bluds, n. kimbia, epa, epuka.

Elusion, n. £3/a.

Elusory, a. -a hila, -danganyifu.

Elysian, a. -a Elysium.

Elysium, n. (final bliss) #epo ya

I 2

BMACIATE

kesho, peponi; (gate of Paradise)
mlango wa jaha ; (happiness) raha
mstarehe, hali ya heri halist,

Emaciate, v. kondesha, gofusha, A
very emaciated person, gofu la mtu,
mgofu.

Emaciation, n. kukonda, ugofu.

Emanate, v. Zoka.

Emanation, Nn.
(smell) karufu.

Emancipate, v. weka huru, pasha
uhuru, loa utumwani.

Emancipation, n. kuweka huru,
uhuru, ungwana.

Emasculate, v. #asi; (weaken) /e-
geza, ondolea nguvu.

Embalm, v. (a corpse) fa dawa
[ mayitz] zstoze; (preserve carefully)
linda | kama tunu).

Embank, v. fanyia boma la udongo.
Embankment, n. boma [la kuzuia
maji |), kisugulu, njia ya juu juu.
Embargo, n. makatazo, marufuku.
Lay an embargo on, funga, zuia.
Embark, v. pakia, ingiza; (neut.)
panda, ingia. Embark in, shika

kazi ya, ingia, maliki.

Embarkation, n. mapakizi. kupandi-
sha chomboni; (neut.) kupanda,
kuingia merikebunt.

Embarrass, v. fia matata, tatanisha,
uthi, sumbua, tra haya.

Embarrassment, n. matata, uthia,
mashaka, haya.

Embassy, n. jumbe [ma-], barozi
[ma-|; kazi |nyumba) ya barozi,
ubarozt.

Embellish, v. pamba, tia uzuri,
rembesha.

Embellishment, n. mapambo, uzuri.

Ember, n. kaa la moto, kaa (ma-},
majifu ya moto.

Ember Days, n. | wakali "nne sa ku-
funga Wamasthiya siku tatu ka-
tika killa mwaka, robo mwaka).

Embeszsle, v. iba, nyang'anya.

Embeszlement, n. #7232.

Embitter,v. kasirisha, ongezea uchu-
ngu.

Emblason, v. famba kwa rangi
nyingi.

kitu kitokacho;

116

EMERY

Emblem, n. mfano [mi-], kifani,'

milhali, alama.

Emblematic, a. -enyi mfano, -a mi-
thalt, -enyi maana, -enyi fumbo.
Embodiment, n. kupata mwili
[umbo|; mfano haswa, asili, umbo,
onekano. He is the embodiment of
goodness, yu mwema haswa halisi.

Embody, v. fanyia mwili (umbo);
unganisha, -wa -moja na, tia pa-
moja, tia ndani, weka.

Embolden, v. -fa moyo mkuu, tia mo-
yo {ugumu), pasha moyo, sukuma.

Emboson, v. kumbatia, tia moyoni ;
zungusha, tia ndani | kati) ya.

Emboss, v. nakshi, kata nakshi. Em-
bossed work, kazi ya kinundu-
nundu, nakshi.

Embower, Y.
maua, S:c.).

Embrace, v. $ambaja, kumbatia, ku-
mbattana; (accept) kubali kwa
moyo, tumia kwa bidit; (include)
shika, -wa na, weka.

n. pambaja, kukumbatia, wa-
mbiso, .

Embrasure, n. fundu ukutani (la
kupenyeza msinga ao bunduki),
dirisha (ma-].

Embrocation, n. dawa ya kupaka.

Embroider, v. farisz.

Embroidery, n. a/maria; (stitched)
larizi, kigwe.

Embroil, v. fitini, fitinisha, pekecha,
chafua.

Embroilment, n. mafala, filena,
uthia, machafuko, ghasia.

Embryo, n. Zungama, mimba;
(germ) mbegu, kiini, moyo;
(origin) mwanzo, asili.

Emend, v. saf, sahihisha, temge-
neza maneno [maandiko, &c.}.

Bmendation, n. Zengenezo la ma-
andiko, kusahihisha.

Emerald, n. sumaradt,

Emerge, n. suka, tokea, onekana.

Emergency, n. yambo la ghdfula,
uthuru, kizushi; (danger) hatari,
mashaka,

Emery, n. |yumb: jeusi la kusugulia
madini na kusikafua |), msasa.

zungushia. |miti,

EMETIC

Emetic, n. /apisho, dawa la kuta-
pisha,

Emigrant, n. [mtu ahamiaye inchi
ngine), mhajiri.

Emigrate, v. kamia inchi ngine, ha-
jiri.

Emigration, n. kukama, utajiri.

Eminence, n. kuwa na sifa, Sc.
(Zaz. Eminent); (hill) kizima,
kisugulu.

Eminent, a. -enyi sifa na kujuli-
kana, -kuu, -enyi cheo, mashuhuri.

Eminently, adv. sana, kabisa.

Emir, n. amiri (ma-), shekhi (ma- |.

Emissary, n, mjumbe | wa- |, tume,
mpelelezi | wa- |.

Emission, n. kutoa, kutoka.

Emit, v. toa nje.

Emolument, n. fayida, pato, msha-
hara, chumo,

Emotion, n. kukangaika, kuchomeka
moyo, kuona msituko | furaha, hu-
ruma, mshangao, cho chote cha ku-
chomesha moyo|. .

Emotional, a. -4 Emotion, -4 ku-
kangaisha, Sc.

Empale, v. choma na mti, penyeza
mit.

Emperor, n. mfalme mkuu, Kaisari.

Emphasis, n. mkazo, nguvu.

Emphasize, v. kaza sauti | katika
kunena), paasa sauti, tam'ka kwa
nguvu; (give force to) zia nguvu,
kaza

Emphatic, a, -a nguvu, -a mkazo,

Emphatically, adv. kwa nguvu;
(certainly) d2/la shaka, sana,

Empire, n. ufalme, milki; (sove-
reignty) enzi kuu.

Empirical, Empiric, a. [-2 bahati
wala si -a hakika, -z0¢fu wa kasi
wala st just, -a kujaribu wala si
kujua), -a kubahatisha.

Empiricism, n. (kufanya kazi kwa
majaribu wala si kwa maarifa, kwa
kuizoea wala si kwa kujua sababu,
kwa bahati wala si kwa hakika),
ubahatisho,

Employ, v. ‘uma; (make use of)
tumia. Employ oneself in, sishu-
ghulisha na, .

117

ENCAUSTIC

Employé, n. mtumwa | wa-), kiba-
rua[vi-]|, mtu wa mshahara.

Employment, n. fazt, utumwa,
uchumi, shughuli, amali.

Emporium, n. [172 wenyi biashara
nyingi); (market) soko kuu, ma-
duka.

Empower, v. wezesha, pasha amri
[hukumu, nguvu), jails.

Empress, n. mke wa Emperor,
Sultanta, Seyidina, Kaisaria.

Emptiness, n. uwazi, nafasi wazi,
hali ya kuwa -tupu; (stupidity)
akili chache.

Empty, a. -/upu, pasimo kitu, wazi
ndani.

— Vv. mwaga, miminia mbali, toa
yote yaliyomo, kumba, futa.

Empty-headed, a. -enyz akili chache.

Empyrean, n. anga ya juu, mbingu.

Emulate, v. (try to equal) taka kuwa
sawa, taka kupita. fuatisha, shinda-
na na; (rival) -wa sawa na, fa-
nana na, karibia,

Emulation, n. ushindani, moyo
wa (idi? ya) kushindana; (envy)

asidi.

Emulous, a. -@ Emulation.
emulous of, = Emulate.

Emulsion, n. (dawa nzito kidogo
kama maziwa|.

En route, adv. njiani, katika safari,
En masse, kttif?, jamii. jumla.

Enable, v. wezesha, tia nguvu, jalia.

Enact, v. toa amri, fanya sheria.

Enactment,n.amrt. sheria; (making
a law) kufanya sheria.

Enamel, n. [rangi ngumu ya kung'aa
kama ktoo).

Enamour, v. washta tamaa, tia
shauko, ashtkisha, tamanisha, chu-
nusha. Be enamoured of, ashitht,
tamani sana, chunuka.

Bncamp, v. tua, fanya kituo, panga,
bwaga.

Encampment, n. (of caravan,
soldiers, &c.) kituo [vi-], matuo,
kambi.

Encase, v. funika, zungusha, funga.

Encaustic, a. -4 kuokwa, -a kucho-
meka,

Be

ENCEINTE 118

Enceinte, a. -enyz mimba, -sito.

Enchain, v. funga, shika, shinda.

Enchant, v. fanyia uganga, loga;
(delight) pendeza mno, shangasa,
shinda moyo.

Enchanter, n. mganga, mchawi;
(by beauty) mishka moyo.

Enchanting, a. -enyt mapendezi, -a
haiba, -a matisho.

Enchantment, n. uganga, uchawi;
(beauty) usuri wa kutisha moyo.

Encircle, v. zunguka, zungusha.

Enclosure, n. uwanda (wanda), ua

ny-],2t2t [ma-|,kiwanja; (walled)

talu; (thing enclosed) (kitu
kilichotiwa ndani, kama waraka,
karatasi).

Encomium, n. sifa,

Encompass, v. zunguka.

Encore, n. tena! tena!

v. lilta ‘tena! tena!

Encounter, n. sukulana, mkutano,
kupambana, mpambano; (fight)
upigano | ma-|.

v. kutana na, pambana na,
pigana na, kuta, pata, jipasha.

Encourage, v. fia moyo, thubutisha,
sayidia, endeleza, fariji.

Encouragement, n. kufia moyo,
Jambo la kutia moyo, msaada,faraja.

Encouraging, a. -4 kutia moyo,
&c. (Zaz. Encouragement),

Encroach, v. jiingtliza, jipenyeza,
-la, twaa isivyo haki, iba mpaka.

Encroachment, n. kujiingiliza, Sc.

Enorust, v. funika, kandika, tomea.
(Zaz. Incrust, Incrustation).

Encumber, v. zwa, tatiza, sumbua,
lemea; (put in debt) pasha deni.

Bncyclical, n. na a. [waraka wa
Askofu kwa watu wengi).

Encyclopaedia, n. kitabu cha maa-
vifa yote, kamusi,

End, n. mwisho, kikomo, hatima,
mpaka, ncha, ZA bites (Rao ma-
uli; (ofajourney) £260; (purpose,
object) kusudi, nia, WA ‘pita.
kwacho. He gains his end, apata
atakacho. The ends of the earth,
pembe za inchi. Bring to an end,
ishiliza, maliza.

ENFORCE

End, v. komesha, kata; (neut.) isha,
koma; (complete, finish) maliza,
ishiliza.

Endanger, v. hatirtsha, lia hata-
rint, ponza.

Endear, v. pendekeza.

Endearment, n. mapendezi, ube-
mbelezi | ma-|.

Bndeavour, v. jaribia, toa bidii,
Jitahidi.

—— n. bidis,

Endemic, n. (ugonjwa ulioko siku
zote katika mahali ao inchi
Sullani).

Ending, n. mwisho; (in grammar)
harufu za mwisho.

Endless, a. -a dayima, -a mtlele,
pasipo mwisho; (over long) -ingi
sana, -a burre,

Endorse, v, andikia jina, tia mkono,
tia sahihi, sahihisha; (accept) ku-
bali, penda, sifu, rithia.

Endow (with), v. (give property to)
wekea mali wakfu, kabsthisha mals;
(grant to) fala, -pa, tolea. He is
endowed with great gifts, ameja-
liwa kujua mengi sana,

Endowment, n. kuwekea (huwe-
kewa wakfu, matoleo, mali; | jambo
zuri la kufaa kama akili, uzuri,
nguvu, Sc. }.

Endue, v. -pa, jalia, tolea.

Endurable, a. -a kuchukulika.

Endurance, n. #vumilivu, saburi;
(durability) kudumu, maisha,
aushi.

Endure,v. (last) 2s4i, dumu; (suffer)
vumilia, stahimili, chukua.

Endwise, adv. ncha kwa ncha;
kiwimawima, kwa kusimama.

Enema, n. (dawa ya kuingizwa
mkundunt |.

Hnemy, n. adut, mlesi, mshindani.

Bnergetic, a. -4 Energy.

Energy, n. nguvu, bidii, wepesi,
utendaji.

Enervate, v. ¢hoofisha, legeza, ondo-
lea nguvu.

Enfeeble, v. = Enervate.

Enforoe, v. lilia nguvu, toza kwa
nguvu; (alaw) fkslisa, fanya kwa.

ENFORCED

Enforced, a. -a lazimu, -a sharti,
-a nguvu.

Enforcement, n. kutumia nguvu,
kuliwa nguvu.

Enfranchise, v. weka huru, pasha
ungwana; (give franchise) pasha
wenyeji wa mji (Zaz. Franchise).

Enfranchisement, n. uhuru, ung-
wana; (citizenship) wenyeji.

Engage, v. (promise) atidi; (agree)
aftkana, Tanya sharti; (bind)
funga, bidisha; (hire) tuma,
ajirisha; (fight) Pigana; (occupy)
shughulisha, (neut.) shughulika.
He is engaged, ana shughuli; (to
marry) yuna mchumba, amefunga
hotuba. Engage for digging, #imi-
sha; (for harvesting) wunisha;
(for milking) kam:isha ; (for service
generally) ésmzsha.

Engagement, n. shughuli, kasi,
utumwa; (in war) mapigano;
(premise) aktadi, shartt, maagano;
(betrothal) uchumba, ahadi ya
ndoa, hotuba.

Engaging,a.-enyi mapendezi | haiba,
UZUTI |.

Engender, v. zaa, fanya, fanyiza, tia.

Engine, n. mtambo (mi-|, chombo
[wy-]; (steam) gari la moshi.

Engineer, n. msimamizi (wa gari
la moshi, ao wa mitambo!

Engineering, n. [4azt ao maarifa ya
Engineer), kazi kubwa | kufa-
nyiza njia, madaraja, maboma,
minara, mito, Sc.).

Engird, v. zungusha, zunguka.

English, n. na a. /Ingerezi (wa-],
-ingereza, -a kiingereza. Speak
English, sema kiingereza.

Engrain, v. #ngiliza, penyeza ndani.
It is engrained in him, #2 asili
yake, ni tabia yake.

Engrave, v. chora, kata nakshi.

Engraving, n. mchoro, nakshi;
(picture) sanamu, laswira.

Engross, v. vuta, shughulisha, weza,
shinda.

Bnhance, v. ongeza, zidisha. endeleza.

Enhancement, n. maongezo, mazidi.

Enigma, n. kitendawili |vi- ), fumbo

119

ENOUGH

la maneno; (dificulty) ajabu, ma-
tata.

Enigmatic, a. -4 Enigma.

Enjoin, v. amuru, agiza, onya.

Enjoy, v. furahia, ona raha, fura-
hiwa na, pendeswa; (have) -wa
na, miliki, -wa hali ya. Did you
enjoy it? kusuri huko? kumeku-
pendeza ?

Enjoyment, n. furaha, kicheko, ku-
zuri; (state, condition, possession)
kuwa hali ya, kuwa na, kumiliki.

Enkindle, v. washta, chochelea,
amshia.

Enlarge, v. ongeza, zidisha, tanua.

Enlargement, n. maongezo, mazidi,

Enlighten, v. tsa nuru, levusha,
angazisha, angaza, erevusha, ele-
misha, fundisha, ongoza.

Enlightened, a. -angafu, -ongofu.
Be enlightened, /evuka, ongoka.

Enlightenment, n. ku/evuka, mwa-
ngaza, wongofu, elimu, hekima.

Enlist, v. andika, changa, (neut.)
changwa, andikwa, ingia asikari;
(employ) za, sitia (katika kazi),
tumia.

Enlistment, n. kwandika |kuji-
andika) asikari, chango; (employ-
ment) kutuma, kutumika.

Enliven, v. furahisha, kunjua uso
wa, sitawisha, changam'sha, tele-
mesha.

Enmity, n. wadui, ushinde, adawa,
husuma.

Ennoble, v. (give rank) zidishia
cheo, kuza, tukuza; (improve)
ongoza vema, ongezea uzuri, adili-
sha. .

Ennui, n. uchovu, utepetevu, ukinai-

u.

maormity, n. ubaya [wa kupita
kiasi, wa kuchukiza), jambo baya
mno, kosa kuu.

Enormous, a. -kubwa mno kupita
kiasi.

Enough, a., adv.,n. -a kadiri ya ku-
tosha, kadiri, tele. He has been
good enough to give me, kwa wema
wake amenipa. Be enough, tosha,
kifu. Have enough, kinat, shiba,

ENQUIRE

-wa na -ingt. Yon will have
enough of him in one day, atakuki-
naisha stku moja. It is enough,
bassi. Have enough food, shiba.

Enguire, v. (ask) uliza, uza, tafuta;
(question) 422; (examine into} a-
kiki, chungulia, tazamtia, hojthojs.

Enquiry, n. swali (ma ), ulizo | ma-|,
haja.

Enrage, v. kasirisha, ghathabisha.

. Enrapture, v. shangaza, furahisha
mno. He is enraptured, ajiona
kama amekwisha ingia peponi.

Enrich, v. ongeza mali, -pa utajiri,
tajiresha, nafisi; (of land) zalisha;
(a subject) famba, tia uzuri.

Enrichment, n. kuongezeka mali,
uzuri, &&c., kunafistka ; (additional
matter) nyongeza.

Enrol, v. (soldiers, &c.) andika,
changa.

Enrolment, n. kuandika, mchango.

Ensconce, v. ficha, funika, weka.

Enshrine, v. funza sana, kumbuka
sana, weka kama tunu.

Enshroud, v. funika, setirt.

Ensign, n. bendera ; (officer) [mchu-
kuzi wa bendera, ofsa mdogo).

Enslave, v. tia utumwani, chukua
mateka, fanya watumwa.

Enslavement, n. utumwa, kutia
(kutiwa) utumwani.

Ensnare, v. fega, kamata kwa hila
werevu).

Ensue, v. fuata, ja nyuma, fuatana,
andama.

Ensurance, n. = Insurance.

Ensure, v. = Insure.

Entail, v. /efa nyuma yake, fanya.

Entangle, v. tatantsha, tia matata,
tatiza.

Entanglement, n. matata, fathaa,
matatizo. Wire entanglements,
masango ya kulega, mitego ya
masango.

Enter (into), v. imgia, kwenda ndani,
penya; (begin) sktka, anza; (enjoy)
shika kwa moyo, furahia; (form
part of) -wa mussu ya, -wamo;
(write down) andika.

Enterprise, n. jambo kubwa [lenyi

120

ENTREAT

ajabu, hatari, &c.), jambo la bidii,
jambo, kazt; (spirit, energy) #20y0,
bidii, utendaji, wepesi.

Enterprising, a. -jaszvt, -tendaji,
hodari, -epest.

Entertain, v. karibisha, pokea;
(amuse) pendeza, furahisha, tere-
mesha; (consider) shika moyoni,
Akiri.

Entertaining, a. -a kupendeza, -a
kuchekesha, -teremest.

Entertainment, n. karamu; (amuse-
ment, show) mazungumzo, ma-
chezo, tamasha.

Enthral, v. weza, shinda moyo,
tisha, loga.

Enthralment, n. kulisha | kutishwa )
moyo, kama kupagawa.

Enthrone, v. weka kwa kiti cha
enzi, tawaza, fanya (mfalme ao
askofu).

Enthusiasm, n. moyo (wa bidii nyi-
ngi, furaha nyingi, shauko nyingi,
mshangao mwingi, kama kulewa
na furaha, 8c.).

Enthusiast, n.mwenyi Enthusiasm.

Enthusiastic, a. -4 Enthusiasm.

Entice, v. wuta kwa werevu, shawi-
shi, tongoza.

Enticement, n. ushaushi, mvuto;
(trials) majaribu.

Entire, a. -sima, pia, -ote.

Bntirely, adv. kabisa, pra.

Entirety, n. (Lal? ya kuwa -stma,
pasipo kuzidi ao kupunguka). In
its entirety, -ztma, -ote, pia.

Entitle, v. (give title) Zaja; (give
right) pasha haki. I am entitled
to it, 22 kaki yangu. He entitled
himself Sultan, alijipa jina Sultani,

Entity, n. kitu haswa.

Entomb, v. Ha kaburini, zika.

Entomology, n. emu ya wadudu.

Entrails, n. mafumbo.

Entrance, n. mlango, ukumbi, njia,
pakuingilia, kuingia ; (beginning)
mwanzo; (right of entrance) rte-
husa kuingia.

—— v. = Enrapture.

Entrap, v. = Ensnare.

Entreat, v. sihi, omba, lalamza.

ENTREATY

Entreaty, n. maombi, haja, malala-
me ko.

Entrench, v. zungusha boma.

Entrenchment, n. Goma [ma-}.

Entrust, v. wekea amana, aminta,
kabithi, salimtia.

Entry, n. = Entrance, n.; (written
record) kuandika | habari |, kabari,
[xeno lililoandikwa), tarihi.

Entwine, v. suka, tattza, tatanya,
Junganisha.

Enumerate, v. hesabu, laja moja
moja, nena.

Enumeration, n. kuhesabu, Sc.

Enunciate, v. nena wazi, tangaza;
(pronounce) fame’ ka.

Enunciation, n. kunena wazi; (of
pronouncing) matam’ho.

Envelop, v. zunguka, zungusha,
funika pia.

Envelope, n. dahasha; (covering)
kifuniko; (rind, husk) ganda.

Envelopment, n. kufunika, kifu-
niko,

Envenom, v. zia sumu [uchungu,
ukali |; (exasperate) kasirisha.
Enviable, a. -a kutumantka, -2urt.
Envious, a. -enyi hasidi, An en-

vious eye, kijicho.

Environ, v. zunguka, zungusha, 3t-
ngtra.

Environment, n. msungusho, mazi-
agira; (conditions, surroundings)
ulimwengu, halt, mambo.

Environs,n. jirani, kuunga, kando-
kando.

Envoy, n. mjumbe (wa-), tume.

Envy, n. hasidt, uwivu.

—— v. onea hasidi |uwivu |, husudu,
tamani [mali ao halt ya mtu
mwingine |.

EBnwrap, v. kunja, funga, lia ndani,
funika, vika.

Epaulet, n. perentt [ma-, la be-
gant |.

Ephemeral, a. -a siku moja tu, -a
kitambo, -a kupila.

Epic, n. utenst.

Epicure, n. [mtu wa kuchagua sana
chakula, wa kutaka vitamu tu;
miu wa anasa tupu), mteuzi.

121

EGUALITY

Epicurean, a. -a ginst ya Epicure ;
(Greek) mfuasi wa mwalimu Epi-
curus.

Epidemic, n. ugonjwa mkuu, ugo-
njwa wa kuambukiza wate wengi.

Epidsrmis, n. ngozi ya nje.

Epigram, n. shairi, mashairi;
(witticism) #eno jerevu la akili,
fumbo la neno.

Bpigrammatio; a. -4 akili, -erevu.

Epilepsy, n. kifafa.

Epilogue, n. maneno ya mwisho
wa chuo, maneno ya halima,
nyongeza.

Epiphany, n. (siku kuu ya kuone-
kana Isa Masiya na wagent |.

Episcopacy, n. waskofu.

Episcopal, a. -a askofu, -enyi ma-
askofu.

Episcopalian, a. -2 Kantsa lenyt
kuamriwa na maaskofu.

Episcopate, n. wakali (kazi) ya
uaskofu ; (bishops) jamzt ya maa-
skofu.

Episode, n. (hadithi ya pili iliyo-
liwa ndani yake ya kwanza, ha-
dithi mtoto, hadithi ndogo).

Epistle, n. waraka, barua.

Epistolary, a. -a ginsi ya barua, -a
kwa barua.

Epitaph, n. (maneno yaliyoandikwa
juu ya kaburi).

Epithet, n. -- Adjective; neno {la
kuonyesha ginsi), jina.

Epitome, n. muhtasari, fahirisi.

Epoch, n. Zarihi (muda, muhulla,
wakali wa jambo kubwa, wa ku-
kumbukwa, mashuhuri).

Equable, a. sawasawa, st -a kubadi-
lika. He has an equable temper,
habadiliki tabta, yu sawasawa siku
sote.

Equal, n. (in age) hivima ; (in con-
dition, quality) mwenzi.

a. sawa, mamoja, sawasSawa, St

-geuzt. Be equal to the occasion,

st shindwa, st fathatka, Are you

equal to it? waswesa?

V. -wa sawa na.

Equality, n. kali ya kuwa sawa,
usawa, umoja, hali moja.

EQUALIZE

Equalise, v. sawasisha, fanya sawa-
sawa, linganisha.

Equanimity, n. moyo mtulivu,
utaratibu, upole, amani.

Equator, n. [mstari wa kuizunguka

dunia kati ya Poles), tstéwat
(Ar.).

Equerry, n. mkuu wa frasi, frasi
wala, sats.

Equestrian, n. na d. mpanda frasi,
-a kupanda frasi.

Equiangular, a. -enyi pembe zole
sawa.

Equidistant, a. -enyi urefu | wa
kuwa mbali) sawa, mbali sawa,
mwendo sawa.

Equilateral, a. -enyi pande zole
sawa.

Equilibrium, n, sawa | kama vitanga
vya mizani), uzito sawa, uthant
mmoja. Be in equilibrium, simama
sawa, sawazikana,

Equine, a. -a frasi.

Equinox, n. [majira ya kuwa sawa
mchana na ustku |.

Equip, v. fanya tayari, tengeneza,
andaa.

Equipage, n. gari (ma-).

Equipment, n. mapambo, mavalio,
vyombo, vifaa, masarufu.

Bquipoise, n. = Bquilibrium.

Equitable, a. -a kaki, ipasayo,
sawa, wajibu.

Equity, n. #aki, sawa.

Equivalent, a. sawa, mamojq.

—— n. badala, mwenzi, sawa.

Equivocal, a. -eyt matata, -a maana
mbili, st wast, st amini, st -nyofu.

HEquivocate, v. ‘atiza maneno, toa
matata ya maneno, sitasita.

Equivocation, n. mafala ya maneno,
madanganya, upotofu wa maneno,
uwongo, unafiki.

Era, n. kama Epoch.

Eradicate, v. ng'oa kabisa, haribu
pia,futia mbali,

Erase, v. futa, futia mbali.

Erasure, n. kufuta, palipofutwa.

Ere, conj. kabla. ;

Erect, v. simamisha, simikisha;
(construct) jenga, unda, fanyiza.

122

ESCAPE

Hrect, a. -2 kusimama, sawa |kwa
timast |, -a kiwimawima.

Erection, n. kusimika, husimtkisha,
kujenga; (buildings, &c.) -ézose-
ngwa, -liofanyizwa, jengo {wa-];
(of wood) ktunzi |vi- |.

Ermine, n. [gost nyeupe ya nyama
mdogo kama cheche).

Erode, v. -/a, bomoa, fukua mawe
na udongo |kazi ya maji, mvua,
mto).

Erosion, n. kula, Sc. (Tas. Brode).

Brotio, a. -2 xg'oa, -a shauko nyingi,
-@ tamaa,

Brr, v. kosa, potoka, fanya vibaya.

Errand, n. utume, maagizo, amri;
(business) asi, neno. He has
gone on an errand, ameumwa
mahali. What is his errand? ame-
endea nini? amejia nini?

Erratic, a. -a kupotea, -a kuzunguka,
-a kugeukageuka, -gent.

Erratum, Errata, n. kosa (la ku-
andika ao kufuasa chapa),

Erroneous, a. -enyt kosa, -a uwongo,
-kosefu.

Error, n. kosa [ma-].

Eructation, n. kiungulia, kukoko-
moka, cheu,

Erudite, a. -enyi maarifa, -enyt
elimu.

Brudition, n. maarifa, elimu.

Eruption, n. (volcanic) (kuoka mo-
shi moto mawe, &c.}; (disease) ku-
toka vipele, vipele; (uproar) fitina,
uthia.

Escalade, n. kupanda kwa ngazi.
To take by escalade, kuwaa mji
kwa kuruka boma.

Escapade, n. jambo la ujinga [la
kukosa adabu |, jambo potofu.

Escape, v. okoka, pona; (run away)
kimbia, toroka ; (avoid) epa; (get
away, be lost) toka pasipo ruhusa,
toka burre, potea ; (asa spring) fya-
tuka; (slip from) chopoka, ponyo-
ka, churupuka. Escape notice,
observation, sz angaliwa, st tambte-
lika, fichikana. Escape memory,
pitta, sahauliwa. It escaped me,
nalipitiwa, sikusikia,

ESCAPE

Escape, n. wokovu, kuokoka ; (other
way) buddt, njia ya wokovu; (sur-
prising) kuokoka kwa ajabu. He
had a narrow escape, aliokoka kwa
shidda. Fire-escape, ngasi [ya
kushukia juu ya nyumba, aki-
ungua moto).

Escarpment, n. boromoko |ma-|,
palipochongoka, paliposimama, mli-
m

a.

Eschew, v. epuka na, kimbia, kataa.

Escort, n. mlinzi |wa-), mfuasi | ka-
Zika safari), asikari, jamii ya
walinzi, &C.

v. sindikiza, peleka njiani.

Esculent, a. -4 kulika, chakula.

Escutcheon, n. (ngao yenyi alama
za rangi za kuonyesha cheo ao
kisasi cha mtu).

Esophagus, n. 400. -

Esoteric, a. -4 mdani,-a siri, -awatu
wenyi elimu tu,

Especial, a. dora, -a peke yake, -a
mtindo, -kuu, -a kwanza.

Especially, adv. zayidi,
sana.

Espionage,n. upelelezi, kuchungulia.

Esplanade, n. uwanja, uga.

Espousal, n. mikaka, harust. Es-
pousal of a cause, kushika shauri,
kufuata hati. .

Espouse, v. oza, 0a; (support) sz/za
katika, fuata mambo ya.

Espy, v. angalia, chungulia, gundu-
lia,

Esquire, n. (jina la heshima ya
wat wadogo, mfuasi).

Essay, n. (effort) bidii, jaribu;
(written) #abari, taari Make
an essay, jitahidi, jaribu. Write
an essay on, andika habari ya.

v. jaribu, fanya bidii ya, jita-
hidi; (try, prove) hakiki,

Basence, n. astli, nafsi, kitu che-
nyewe ; (real character) halt, tabia ;
(extract, perfume) mafuta, mara-
shi; (inmost part, meaning) moyo,
kiini, maana halisi.

Bssential, a. -a asili, -a kitu che-
nyewe ; (indispensable) -a kanuni,
-a kawaida; (pure) safi.

haswa,

123

ETHICAL

Essential, n. kanuni, lazima, asili.

Establish, v. weka, fanyiza,anzisha ;
(make firm) weka imara, thubu-
tisha; (appoint) amuru, tengeneza;
(prove) kubalisha, shuhudia.

Establishment, n. kuweka imara,
&c.; (government) serkali; (house-
hold) nyumba, kikao; (ecclesi-
astical) kanisa [dint] la serkali,
Kanisa la Ingeresa.

Bstate,n. (land) shamba; (property)
mali; (state) halt, cheo.

Esteem, v. (honour) #keshimu, jali,
staht; (consider) thant, kadiri,
hesabu.

n.heshima, upendo; (judgement)
mawazo; (merit) sifa, thamant,
‘High esteem, sifa njema, tha-
mani.

Bstimable, a. -a kuheshimiwa, -a
kusifiwa, -ema.

Estimate, n. maafikano, ukadiri ;
(guess) «pis? ,ubahatisha; (account)
hesabu, tarifu.

v. kadiri, gist; (by comparison)
enenza,

Estimation, n. Aeshima, sifa;
(judgement) mza, waso. In your
estimation, wewe uonavyo.

Bstrange, v. farikisha, tenga, vunja
urafiki, tindtkisha.

Estrangement, n. kuvunja urafiki,
kufarikiana, kutindtkiana,

Estuary, n. mto (mt-], patakeapo
mto, mlango, hort.

Et cetera, = &c., na vingine vivyo.
Etch, v. andika sanamu (kwa ku-
chora kwa kalamu kalt), chora.
Etching, n. elie ie ya kuchora

kwa kalamu|\, mchoro.

Hternal, a. -a milele, pasipo mwanzo
na mwisho, -a daima.

Bternity, n. milele.

Ether, n. (anga wa juu, hewa nye-
mbamba sana |; (in medicine) | dawa
ikaukayo upesi |.

Ethereal, a. -4 mbinguni, -a peponi,
-a juu, bora sana, -embamba sana,
-epesi sana,

Ethical, a. -2 mambo ya adili, -a
wema na ubaya, -enyt habari ya

ETHICS

[ ya kutupasa kwa | wema na ubaya.
Ethical science, = Ethics. —~

Ethics, n. elimu ya wema na ubaya,
chmu ya adili.

Ethnic, Ethnical, a. -a kabila, -a
taifa.

Ethnology, n. elimu ya mataifa ya
waana Adamu (tofauti, makao,
desturi, umbo, &c. |.

Btiquette, n. adabu, kawaida ya
kiungwana.

Etymology, n. (elimu ya asili ya
maneno moja moja |.

Bucharist, n. | Usharika Mtakatifu
wa Kimasihiya).

Eulogist, n. msifu,

Eulogium, Eulogy, n. maneno ya
kusifu, sifa.

Bulogisze, v. sifu.

Bunuch, n. Zawashi (ma-), (mtu)
mhassi, hassi.

Buphemism, n. (neno la kupendekeza
kitu kichukizacho, neno suri badala
yake neno baya).

Euphemistic, a. -a kupendekeza, -a
kutochukiza.

Buphonie, a. -4 Euphony.

Buphony, n. sauti ya kupendeza,
sauti tamu, tam'ko tamu.

Burope, n. Ulaya, Usungu, Ya-
ropa.

European, n. Mzungu | wa-|.

a, -@ kizungu.

Buropeanize, v. geuza kizungu, 20-
eza mambo na desturi sa Wa-
zungu.

Evacuate, v. ondoka, katika, toka,
hama katika, ; (natural dis-
charge) -nya, sapiba'

Evacuation, n. kwacha makali, ku-
hama; (excreta, &c.) mazi, choo ; ;
(vomit) matapisho.

Evade, v. kimbia kwa hila; (a blow)
ine epuka na, jiponya kwa werevu

katika.

Evanescent, a. -4 kutoonekana, -a
kupotea, -a kutoweka.

Evangelio, Evangelical, a. -a An-
jili, -a ginsi ya Anjilt, -a imani ya
Anjili, [-a kujetea sana maneno
yenyewe ya Anjili|.

124

EVERGREEN

Evangelist, n. mwandika anjili,
mweneza Anjils,

Evangelization, n. eneo [enezo) la
mafundisho ya Anjili, kufundisha
imani ya Anjili.

Evangelize, v. fundisha imani ya
Anjili.

Evaporate, v. geuka hewa; (be ab-
sorbed) mywewa, kauka, toweka,
potea.

Evaporation, n. kugeuka hewa, ku-
kauka.

Evasion, n. Akila, werevu, nianeno
ya werevu, kuepa, kuepuka.

Evasive, a. -esyt hila, Sc.

Eve, n. Hawa; (evening) ston, ma-
ghrebi; (of festival) (siku ya mbele
ya siku kuu zingine |.

Even, adv. #atfa, na. Even if, zjapo.
Even if it were myself, hatta ni-
kawa minis.

a. (level) sawasawa; (smooth)
laini; (quiet) -fulivu; (unchanging )
-siobadilika; (fair) -a hake; (of
number) kamili, shufwa.

Evening, n. sont, magrebi.

Evenness, n. usawa, Sc. (Taz.
Even, a.).

Even-song, n. sala sa jioni.

Event, n. jambo [mambo], tukio
[ma-]; (result) mwisho; (startling)
shani, kizushi, jambo kubwa. At
all events, kwa ya yote, tweyo yote,
hakuna budds.

Eventful, a. -exyt mambo mengi, -a
ajabu.
Eventual, a. -a mwisho, mwishoni.

Eventuality, n. mwisho, tukio.

Eventually, adv. mwisho, hatima.

Bver, adv. (any time) wakali wo
wote; (always) siku zote, dayima.
Whoever, ye yote. Whenever,
wherever, fo pole. Wherever he
goes, killa aendapo. Whatever,
twayo yote. Ever and anon, marra
kwa marra. Ever so, -a kadiri
yo yote, sana sana. For ever, hatta
milele. ; Now and for ever, maisha
na milele.

Evorgreen, a. (mti) -siokauka, sto-

Jifa, -stokufa,

EVERLASTING 125

Everlasting, a. -a milele.

Evermore, adv. m#tlele.

Every, a. killa. Every one, Every-
body, 42/la mtu, watu wote. Every
bit, pia, kabisa. Every now and
then, marra marra. Everywhere,
potepote, kotekote, killa mahails.
Every day, killa siku, marra kwa
marra.

Bvict, v. achisha shamba (nyumba,
mali, Stc. |, hamisha, fukuza.

Eviction, n. kuzamisha.

Evidence, n. ushahidi, ushuhuda,
mathubutu. Be in evidence, -wa-
mo, onekana.

Evident, a. thahtri, wazi.

EBvidential, a. -a huthubutisha, ma-
thubutu.

Evil, n. wove, ubaya.
mwovu, mtenda mabaya. Evil-
eye, kijicho. The evil one,
Shetani. Evil-speaking, maneno
maovu, masingizio, matukano.

Evince, v. onyesha, toa wazi, thi-
hirisha.

Evoke, v. ¢oza, tokeza, amsha.

Evolution, n. (growth) kukuwa, ku-
endelea, kuota; (progression) ma-
endeleo; (change and progress)
mageuzt yenyi kuendeleza, maba-

> dili na maendeleo; (of soldiers)
kazi, miendo, michezo, mazunguko.

Evolve, v. (produce) zoa, toza, tokeza,
Janytza ; (disclose) bainisha, onye-
sha

Evil-doer,

Ewe, n. kondoo jike.

Ewer, n. kopo | kubwa la maji|.

Ex officio, adv, [Awa sababu ya kuwa
na kazi fullant\,kwa kawaida. Ex
parte, st sawa, st kwa hakt, si kweli.

Exact, a. kalisi, barabara, sawasawa;
(true) -a kweli; (careful) -angaltfu,
-a bidii, amini,

—— v. loza, lipiza, filtsi,

Exacting, a. -kali, -a kuonea, -a
kutaka kazi nyingi, -2tto, -gumu.
Exaction, n. kutoza, kulipiza, utha-
limu; (unjust tolls, &c.) od?

nyingi, hongo, thulumu, ufilisi.

Bractly, adv. 4alssi, barabara, sawa-
sawa, sahihi.

EXCEPTION

Exactneas, n. kweli, uaminifu, ka-
waida, uhafisi.

Exaggerate, v. ongeza sifa (habari |
mno, tukuza mno, piga chuku.

Exaggeration, n. maongezo, sifa
nyingi mno, kiungo, chuku.

Exalt, v. (raise) taua, kweza, paaza ;
(promote) kuza, tukuza, athimisha,
zidishia cheo; (elate) furahisha,
Jahirisha.

Exaltation, n. kuinua &c., utukufu,
athama; (elation) furaha, ma-
Jivuno, kutukuka.

Exalted, a. -a cheo bora, -a furaha,
-tukufu, bora.

Hixamination, n. kufazamia, kuja-
ribu, kuchungulia, ukaguzi.

Examine, v. (test, try) onja, jaribia;
(inspect) angalia, tasamia, kagua;
(inquire into) 4071, hakiki, chungu-
lia, dadisi, nyenya.

Examiner, n. -enyi kulazamia, &c.,
mkaguzi, mwulizi.

Example, n. mfano [mi-], namna,
onyo [ma-]. I will make an ex-
ample of him, #/amtia athabu ya
kuonya watu, athabu kali. Set an
example to, fuasisha, tolea namna.
For example, ivi, kama hivi,
ginsi hii.

Exasperate, v. tia ukali, kasirisha,
ghathabisha, chomesha.

Exasperation, n. hasiva kali, uchu-
ngu mwingi.

KBzcavato, v. chimba, fukua.

Excavation, n. shimo, tundu, ufuo.

Ezceed, v. fila, -wa zayidi ya,
zidi.

Exceedingly, adv. kama nini ?, mno
ajabu, sana sana.

Excel, v. pita, shinda, zidi.

Excellence, n. ubora, uzuri, wema.
His Excellence, Awalz.

Excellent, a. bora, -suri, -ema.

Except, prep. é//a, isipokuwa, bella,

tri ya.

v. toa, acha, tenga, weka mbali,

Exception, n. sambo la peke yake,
thtilafu, tofauti, st sawa, si kawa-
ida; (objection) makatazo, maki-
ndano. Take exception to, sz u-

EXCEPTIONABLE 1

bali, dakizi, kataa, chukizswa na.
With the exception of, = Except.
Exceptionable, a. si -suri, -daya,
-kosefu.
Exceptional, a. -a peke yake, mbali,
5st sawa, -a tofauti, -a thtilafu.
Excess, n. kupita kiasi, kuzidi mno,
mazidio, wingi; (intemperance)
ulafi (ulevi, ufisadi), upotofu. In
excess, mno, kwa mno.
Excessive, a. mno, zayidi, -a ku-
pita kiasi. .
Exchange, v. badili, badilisha, (In
compos.)-ama. Exchange presents,
pelekeana, pana; (compliments)
salimiana, amkiana; (services)
Jathiliana, faliana; (blows) gi-

gana.

— n. badtlisho, kubadilisha; (con-
version of coin, &c.) mvunjo wa
fetha, fayida ya fetha; (current
price) bei; (place of exchange)
nyumba ya kubadilisha fetha.
Rate of exchange, sarifu, sarf. In
exchange for, mahali pa, badala
ya.

Exchequer, n. hazsina ya serkali,
Jetha ya serkali, mali ya mfalme.

Excise, n. ushuru, kodi.

Exciseable, a. -a kulipa kodi.

Exciseman,n. mfoza ushuru, milipiza
kodi, mtu wa fortha.

Excision, n. kukata, mkato, kung’ oa.

Excitability, n. kuwa Excitable.

Excitable, a. -efest [kwa hasira,
furaha, &c.), -a haraka.

Excite, v. ‘ahkarakisha, am’sha, cho-
mesha, chocheza, wakisha, suka-
Suka; (cause) fanya, fanyiza.
Excite attention, ‘azamisha, vuta
macho, stusha. Excite desire, Za-
manisha, vuta, sizim'sha. Be ex-
cited, in an excited state, angaika,
taharuki, sisim’ ka.

Excitement, n. araka, Juhudi,
fathaa; (exciting object) yambo fa
kuharakisha | furahisha, ogofisha,
lenyi hatari). Be in a state of
excitement, angaika, taharuki, fa-
thaika, &c.

Exciting, a. -a kustusha, -a kuhari-

6 BEXCUSE

kisha, -a kutia furaha [hofu,
ajabu|.
Exclaim, v. sema kwa sautt kuu,
lia, paliza sauti, piga kelele.
Hxclamation, n. /70, kilio, ukelele.
Exclude, v. (remove, shut out) Zoa,
ondoa, weka mbali, tenga; (refuse)
kataa, zuia, fungia mlango.
Hxclusion, n. kutoa, kutolewa, Sc.
Exclusive, a. -a peke yake (yao,
&c. |, -a kuchaguachagua, pasimo
wangine, -moja. Exclusive of,
pasipo, billa, ghairi ya. An ex-
clusive person, mkinaifu, mpweke.
Exclusively, adv. peke yake, tu,
bassi. Refer exclusively to, kusika
na. Almost exclusively, karibu
yote.
Dxcogitate, v. kunga, jua kwa kufi-
re.

Excommunicate, v. ondoa katika
Kanisa la Masiya, tenga katika
Usharika Mtakatifu, harimisha.

Excommunication, n. Auharimi-
sha, &c. (Zaz. Excommunicate).

Excrement, n. mavi, samadi, ma-
nyesi.

Hixcrescence, n. [htu kama|
test, nundu, kinundu; (on skin)
choa.

Excrete, v. toa [jasho, mkojo, &c.},
nya. ;

Excretion, n. (kifu kitokacho mwili-
ni, kama) jasho, mkojo, Sc.

Excruciating, a. -a kuumiza mno,
-a kuathibisha sana.

Eixculpate, v. (acquit) samehe, achi-
dia, toa hatiyani; (excuse) tetea,
uthuru. .

Exculpation, n. kusamehe, &c.;
uthuru, matetess.

Excursion, n. msatembest, safari,
kwenda kushinda mahali; (hostile }
ushambulio.

Excursive, a. -a maneno mengt, -a
kuongeza maneno.

Excusable, a. -a kusameheka, -dogo.

Excuse, v. (pardon) achilia, samehe,
uthurs; (allow) ruhusu, halalisha;
(obtain pardon, or allowance) fa-
tia masamaha, toa hatiyani, ré-

EXCUSE

thisha. Excuse me, unrathi,

. niwie ratht, naomba rathi, pole.

Excuse, n. uthuru, matetest, nahau
ya maneno, maneno ya burre,
singizo, kisingizo, Make false
excuses, 24a, jisingizia,

Exxecrable, a. -a kulaaniwa, -a
kuchukiza mno.

Execrate, v. afiza, laani; (loathe)
chukia mno. .

Execration, n. maapizo, laana, ma-
tukano.

Execute, v. maliza, fanyiza, teke-
leza, timiliza; (ratify) tia sahihi,
sahihisha; (obey, carry out) fiki-
liza, fuasa |amri, maneno|; (put
to death) wa, kata kitwa | kwa
amri ya kathi ao ya serkalt|.
Ezecute a dance, piece of music,
&c., cheza, piga ngoma.

Execution, n. (performance) uti-
mizo, tendo, kufanyiza. kazi; (put-
ting to death) kuwa, kuuawa.

Executioner, n. asikari | mwenyi
kasi kufisha watu |.

Hxecutive, a. -enyi amri, -a Nguvu,
-Lenadaji.

n. (governing power) serkali.

Executor, n. mtenda, mfanyiza;
(trustee) wakili (kwa mambo ya
wosia |.

Exegesis, n. nahau, mafafanusi,
maelezo, ufasiri.

Exegetic, a. -a kueleza, &c.

Exemplar, n. mfano, namna, kio-
lezo.

Exemplary, a. -a namna, -a kuonya,
-a kufuatika, -ema sana, bora.

Exemplify, v. onyesha kwa mfano,
namna ya.

Exempt, v. samehe, achilia, ruhusu.

Exemption, n. ruhusa, kuachiliwa,
ondoleo.

Exequies, n. maziko,

Exercise, n. utembest, mchezo, kazi ;
(lesson) msomo | mi- |), somo | ma-];
(practice) matumtzt, mazoco; (test)
majaribu, mashindano. ‘Take ex-
ercise, fembea, punga hewa, cheza,
nyosha miguu, jiendea.

—— v. tendesa, endesha, 20e2a; (use)

127

BXILE

tumia, fanya; (trouble) sumbua,
tesa; (test) jaribia. Exercise a
horse, endesha, tembeza frasi. Ex-
ercise authority, office, &c., umia,
fanya. Exercise patience, ‘oa
| fanya) saburi,vumilia, Exercise
oneself, jifundisha, sizoesa, sita-
hidi, fanya bidii,

Exert, v. 40a, tumia ; (oneself) fanya
Juhudi, jitahidi.

Ezertion, n. bidii, juhudi; (difh-
culty) siidda, kazi.

Ezhalation, n. harufu, uvundu,
ukungu.

Exhale, v. foa pumusi, toa harufu,
pandisha pumuzi.

Exhaust, v. (finish) ska, maliza
pia; (consume, use up) ondoa pia,
chukua -ote,tumiliambalt; (weary)
chosha, legesa, shinda.

Exhaustion, n. kwisha, -tumiliwa
-ote, &c., uchovu,ulegevu, kuishiwa
nguvu, kushindwa.

Bxhaustless, a. -siokwisha.

Exhibit, v. onyesha, toa wazi, te-
mbeza, pambanisha.

Exhibition, n. onyesho, pambantsho,
kutembeza ; (show) tamasha; (prize)
tuzo [ya kazi ya chuont).

Exhibitioner, n. (mwenyi kufundi-
shwa chuoni burre, ao kupewa tuzo
ya kazi ya kusoma|.

Exhilarate, v. tia moyo | furaha,
matumaini |.

Ezhilaration, n. moyo mkuu, fura-
ha, matumaini, ukunjufu.

Exhort, v. onya, fundisha, shauri.

Exhortation, n. maonyo, shauri.

Exhumation, n. kuchimbua, &c.

Exhume, v. (dig up) chimbua,
Jukua; (bring to light) fufua,
funua

Exigency, n. (need) mahitaji,sharti,
lasima ; (emergency) zambo la ghd-
Jala | la hatari, la kutaka msaada).

Exile, n. (kukaa, kufukuzwa, kuha-
mishwa mbali na kwao; (person)
mwenyi kukaa, &c., mbali na kwao;
(place, time) mahali ao muda wa
kukaa, Src., mbali na kwao), uha-
misho.

BXILE

Exile, v. fukuza, hamisha, ondosha.

Exist, v. -wa, -wako, -wa -zima,
-wa hayi, kaa, ishi. He existed
on grass, aliponea majani. Where
does it exist? makao yake wapi?
Does there exist such a thing as
a world of spirits? There does,
kunazo pepo? zinazo.

Existence, n. kuwako, kukaa, uzima,
maisha, hakika; (creature) kiumbe.
There is no such thing in existence,
hakuna kabisa namna hit.

Existent, a. -enyi kuwa | kuwako,
hakika), -zima, hayi.

Exit, Exodus, n. kufoka, kuhama,
kuondoka.

Bxonerate, v. samehe, achilia, toa
hatiyani.

Exorbitant, a. -a kupita kiasi,
-kubwa mmo, -ingi mno. His
charges are exorbitant, bei yake
kubwa mno, ashika ghali.

Exorcism, n. kupunga pepo.

Kzorcizo, v. punga | pepo |, toa,ondoa.

Bxrordium, n. mwanzo wa maneno.

Exoterio, a. -a nje, -a wazi, -a watu
wajinga.

Exotic, a. -geni, -a inchi ingine.

Expand, v. tamua, panua, eneza,
zidisha, kusa; (neut.) fanuka, pa-
nuka, enea, zidi, kua.

Expanse, n. eneo, mapana, nafasi.

Expansion, n. kutanua, kutanuka,
&c. (7az. Expand), eneo.

Expansive, a. -enyt kutanua [ku-
tanuka, &c.), -kunjufu.

Expatiate, v. simulia kwa maneno
mengi, piga domo, ongeaongea.

Expatriate, v. kamisha, ondosha
mbali ya kwao, toa katika inchi,

za.

Expatriation, n. kufukuza | kufu-
kuswa | kwao.

Expect, v. ngoja, ngojea, tumaini,
tazamia ; ona, thant. | expect so,
naona, labuda, haikosi.

Expectant, a. -eny: kungojea, -a
kutazamia, layari.

Expectation, Expectancy, n. ku-
ngojea, matumaini, kukodolea, ku-
tazamia; (prospect) mambo ya

128

EXPIATION

mbele [ya baadaye|, yatakayoku-
wa; (inheritance) writhz, mali ya
kurithi baadaye.

Expectorate, v. foa mate, tema,
kohoa.

Expectoration, n. kulema mate, ma-
kohozt,

Expediency, n. fayida, njia, shauri
ya kufaa.

Expedient, a. -2 kufaa, -enyi njia,
-enyi fayida. It is expedient, afa-
thals,

—— 0. shauri, njia, hila.

Mrpedite, v. Aimisa, endeleza, sa-

ja

Expedition, n. safari; (speed) we-
pest, hima, haraka.

Expeditious, a. -epes?, -a haraka.

Expel, v. oa, ondosha, fukuza.

Expend, v. ‘emia, gharamu, toa

fetha.

Expenditure, n. gharama, matu-
mizt ya fetha.

Expense, n. gharama. Go to ex-

pense about, Be at expense, gha-
vamia, toa gharama, sanya ghara-
ma nyingi. At the expense of,
kwa hasara ya, kwa gharama sa,
kwa aibu ya.

Expensive, a. ghali, -a thamani, -a
bei kubwa.

Experience, n. kupata | kujua, kuo-
nja) mwenyewe, mambo ya mai-
sha, mambo yenyewe, ulimwengu ;
(knowledge) maarifa, hakika ya
mambo.

——v. pata -enyewe, jua -enyewe,
patwa na.

Experienced, a. -enyi maarifa,
-enyt kujua (kazi, mambo), -juzi,
-stadi.,

Experiment, n. jaribu [ma-], ki-
tendo (st maneno|.

Experimental, a. -a kujaribia, -a
mambo yenyewe, -a hakika.

Expert, a. -soefu, -sladi, fundi,
hodari, -ekevu.

Expiate, v. /ipa, lipia, toa sadaka
kwa, fidi

Expiation, n. malipo, sadaka, fidio;
(for murder) dia.

EXPIATORY

Expiatory, a. -a kulipia, -a kufidia.

Expiration, n. kuloa (kupandisha)}
pumuzi; (end) mwisho.

Expire, v. (exhale) foa pumuzi;
(die) kata roho, -fa; (end) koma,
kwisha, tekelea.

Explain, v. eleza, pambanua, fasiri,
Jafanua. Explain away, elesa vt-
ngine, geuza maana, vula.

Explanation, n. ¢elezo, fafanusi,
nahau, tafsiri; (reason) sababu,
hoja; (meaning) maana; (under-
standing) mapatano.

Explanatory, a. -4 kueleza, &c., -a
kutoa sababu.

Expletive, n. meno la kutukana,
laana, uapo, matusu.

Explicable, a. -enyi kufasirika, -a
kuelezwa.

Explicit, a. (things) wazi, Zhahiri,
baini; (persons) -nyofu, amini.
Explode, v. (blow up) washa, pa-
sua; (bring to an end) komesha,
isha; (let off) tegua; (go off) waka,

lia, pasuka.

Exploit, n. kilendo bora, jambo
kubwa (la sifa, la hatari).

Exploration, n. safari,
[ma-], ujasusi.

Explore, v. peleleza inchi, jasisi,
tafutia, vumbulia, safiri katika.
Explorer, n. msafiri, mpelelezi, mvu-

mbulia inchi,

Explosion, n. shindo kubwa (la
baruti, &c.)|, kipindi cha hasira,
&c., théruba.

Explosive, a. -enyi mshindo, -enyi
kuvunja | kutoa mshindo, kupasuka
kwa nguvu), kama baruti, -a
kutaka kuwaka.

n. kifu chenyi mshindo, Sc.

Exponent, n. mwenyi kutoa habari,
mloa habari.

Export, v. peleka vitu, toa bithaa
(kwenda inchi ingine kuuzwa).

n. kupeleka, Sc. ( Taz. Export) ;
.mali, bithaa (za kupelekwa inchi
Ingine |.

Exportation, n. | kupeleka vitu inchi
mbali kuuswa).

Expose, v. (put out) toa nje, weka

upelelezi

129

EXPURGATE

wast; (uncover) funua, onyesha;
(faults) chongea; (a child) tupa,
acha ; (to danger) ta hatarini ; (to
punishment) pasisha hukumu.

Exposed, a. (open) wazi, -tupu:
(liable) -a kupatikana, -a kupa-
sishwa.

Exposition, n. kabari, ufasiri, elezo.

Expositor, n. mwenyi kutafsiri
(kueleza).

Expostulate (with), v. onya kosa,
toa shauri ya kuzuia, zuia kwa
maneno, tarathia, gombeza, da-
kiza.

Expostulation, n. maneno ya ku-
zuia, maonyo, madakizo, mago-
mbezo, udaku.

Expostulatory, a. -@ kuonya, -a
hutarathia.

Hxposure, n. (openness) uwazi;
(being unprotected) kukaa nje
[penye hatari, baridi, mvua, jua
kali, vita, &c.|; (being outcast)
kutolewa nje, kutupwa ; (telling of
faults) machongezi.

Expound, v. eleza, fasiri.

Hixpress, v. (make clear) eleza,
ththirisha, onyesha; (state) nena.
Express oneself, eleza maana,
chagua maneno; (elegantly) sarzfu
maneno | kwa uzuri).

a. (precise) halisi; (plain) tha-
hirt, wazi; (speedy) -2 kwenda
mbio sana, -a haraka.

— n. mjumbe wa haraka, tarishi
[ma-]; (train) (gari la moshi lie-
ndalo upesi sana),

Expression, n. (words) eno, ma-
neno, usemi; (face) uso, sura;
(statement) wonyesho, kutoa ha-
bari,

Expressionless, a. -a kipumbafu,
pasipo akili, pasipo maana.

Expressive, a. -a maana sana, -a
akili nyingi, -enyi habari.

Expressly, adv. kalisi, makusudi.

Expulsion, n. fukuzo, ondoleo, uha-
misho. ,

Expunge, v. futa, futia mbals, toa.

Expurgate, v. ‘akasa, safisha, sahi-
hisha,

K

EXQUISITE

Exquisite, a. dora sana, -zuri sana,
-tamu sana, &c.; (extreme) -engz
sana, -kubwa mno.

n. mmalidadt, mlimbwende.

Exscind, v. katia mbali, nx oa.

Extant, a. -enyi kuwapo, -a kukaa
hatta leo, -liopo sasa.

Extempore, Extemporary, a. -a
ghdfula, -a marra moja, -a pale-
pale, pasipo tayari, pasipo ku-
fikiri.

Eztomporize, v. toa maneno ya gha-
fula | yasiyo tayari ao kutengene-
zwa mbele |, zua, tunga, buni.

Extend, v. nyosha, ongeza, panua,
tanua, vuta; (reach) fika; (spread)
enea, eneza ; (give) nyosha, toa.

Extension, n. kunyosha, &c. (Taz.
Extend); (extent) eneo, enezo.

Extensive, a. -enyt enco kubwa,
-kubwa, -pana, -inge.

Extent, n. eneo, ukubwa; (degree)
cheo, kadiri.

Extenuate, v. punguza, rahisisha
(kosa, hatiya, &c.|, setiri, toa
uthuru kwa | jambo baya).

Extenuating, a. -4 kupunguza, -a
kurahisisha, -a kusetire,

Extenuation, n. Aisetiri, uthuru.

Exterior, n. umbo, sura, nje,

a. -a nje.

Exterminate, v. karibu kabisa,
kumba, komesha, maliza; (root
out) 2g'oa.

Extermination, n. kuharibu kabisa,
kuharibika kabisa, &c.

External, a.-a nje; (foreign) -a inchi
zingine, -4 wageni ; (unessential)
si -a asili, -a kuonekana na macho
tu.

Externals, n. umbo,sura, maonekano,
mambo ya nje.

Extinct, a. -fu, -liozimika, -liokwi-
sha, -stofo sasa.

Extinction, n. kufa, kuzimika, kwi-
sha, kukomesha.

Extinguish, v. zima, zimisha, kome-

_ Sha.

Extinguisher, n. | kifu cha kuzi-
mishia taa),

Extirpate, v. = Exterminate.

130

EXTREMELY

Extirpation, n. = Extermination.

Extol, v. sefu, himidt, tukuza.

Extort, v. foza kwa nguvu, lipiza
kwa jeuri, pokonya, nyang’ anya.

Extortion, n. kutoza kwa nguvu, &c.

Extortionate, a. -a jeuri, -a kupo-
konya, -thalimu,

Extortioner, n. mfoza fetha kwa
jeuri, mnyang'anyi, mthalimu.

Extra, a. -a zayidi, -a burre, si
desturi, si siku zote.

adv. zayidi, juu, sana.
good, -ema sana.

Extract, v. ng’oa, toa kwa kushint-
kiza, tozakwa nguvu ; (nails, &c.)
kongoa ; (select) chagua.

n. maji, mafuta; (selected
pieces) mateusi, madondoo.

Extraction, n. kutoa, kung'oa;
(crushing) Aushindtka; (choice)
kuchagua ; (lineage) kizazi, ja-
maa.

Extradition, n. (kurudisha mki-
mbizi inchini kwake apate kuhu-
kumiwa, makabila kurudishiana
wakosaji kwa hukumu).

Extraneous, a. -a nye, -a kigeni, -a
zayidi,

Eztraordinarily, adv. ajabu, mno,
sana.

Extraordinary, a. ajabu, kama
nint?, gani!, -gent, -a peke yake,
-a@ mtindo; (irregular) si kwa
desturi, st kawaida, si sawa.

Extravagance, n. upotevu wa mali,
gharama kubwa; (folly) ujinga,
upotofu, wazimu.

Extravagant, a. -a kupila kiasi,
kama nini?, -a wazimo, -potevu wa
malt, -a gharama nyingi.

Extreme, a. -4 mwisho, -a kipeo,
-a mpakani, -a mbali kabisa, -a juu
kabisa, -a chini kabisa, -a nguvu
kabisa, -a kupita kadiri, -a mno,
-kali kabisa; (opinionated) -sha-
pafu, si taratibu, si kiasi.

—— nn. mwisho, upeo, mpaka, ncha,
kupita kadiri.

Extremely, adv. sana, mno, kabisa,
upeo. Extremely barbarous people,
washenzi wa kwisha.

Eztra

EXTREMITY 181
Eye-witness, n. shahidi [aliyeona

Extremity, n. mwisho, mpaka,
Jembe, kipeo, ncha; (limbs) krungo
(cha mwili, mkono, mguu, &c. |;
(emergency) #alt mbaya mno,
hatari kubwa.

Extricate, v. toa, okoa, tatanua.

Extrication, n. kutoa, kutoka, 8&c.
(Taz. Extricate).

Extrinsic, a. -a nje, si -a asilt, -a
zayidi,

Extrude, v. toa nje, sukumiza nje.

Extrusion, n. kuloa | kutoswa) nje
&c. (Zaz. Extrude).

Exuberance, n. usiZaw?, wingi.

Exuberant, a. -a kusilawi, -ing?
sana, tele, marithawa.

Exudation, n. matokeo | ya jasho,
maji, Sc. |), kupapa maji, kuvuja.
Exude, v. toa (maji, jasho, &c.],

loka, vuja, dondoka.

Ezult, v. furahi, shangilia.

Erultant, a. -a furaha sana, -a
shangwe.

Exultation, n. shangwe. furaha kuu.

Eye, n. jicho (macho); (of a needle)
tundu, kitundu. Up to the eyes,
sana, kabisa. Have in one's eye,
kumbuka, taka, tamani. Give a
blow in the eye, piga konde la
Jicho. Keep an eye on, angalia,
funza. A sharp eye, macho ma-
kali, hodari kuona. Open the eye,
Jumbua jicho. Shut the eye, fumba
Jicho. As far as the eye can see,
haita upeo wa macho. Haveoneeye,
Have lost an eye, -wa na chongo.

——v.angulia, kazia macho, kodolea;
(with envy, ill will) Zapia kijicho;
(with contempt) Zazama kilongo-
t

Ong.
Eye-ball, n. mboni ya jicho.
Eye-brow, n. nyushi.
Bye-lash, Eye-lid, n. #kope (kope).
Eyelet, n. tundu, kitundu.
Byeshot, n. upeo wa macho.
Hyesight, n. macho, kuona kwa
macho, My eyesight is bad, macho
yangu thaifu, sioni vema,
Eyesore, n. chukizo (ma-1.

Fabric, n.

FACE

mwenyewe kwa macho yake |.

Eyrie, n. tundu (la tai ao ndege

mkubwa |.
PF,

Fable, n. ngano, hadithi; (fiction)

uwongo.
kitu. kilichofanytzwa
(nguo, nyumba, &c.]; namna ya
kufanyiza, ginsi; (system, con-
struction) kasi, matengenezo.

Fabricate, v. (construct) fanyiza,

jenga ; (invent) dunz, sua, tunga.

Fabrication, n. (manufacture) ku-

Janyisa, tfanyizswayo; (structure)
Jengo; (falsehood) uwongo, maneno
ya kubunika.

Fabulous, a.-a uwongo,-akubunika;

(marvellous) -kubwa mno, -ingi
mno, ajabu.

Facade, n. (upande wa mbele wa

nyumba |.

Face, n. #so(ny-)|, sura; (front, top,

interior) upande wa mbele, wa
nje, wa juu); (prepared side).
upande uliotengenezwa; (side) upa-
nde; (smoothness) usawa, ulaini;
(boldness) ukavu wa macho, ma-
tumaini; (grimace) uso wa kufi-
nya, makunjokunjo ya uso. A
long face, uso wa huzuni, uso wa
hofu. Fall on the face, anguka
fulifuli [uso chini, fudifudt],
Have the face to, thubutu, st onelea
haya, fanya kwa ukavu wa macho
pasipo kaya. Lie on the face,
lala tumboni, lala fudifud:, fuama.
Set the face against, kataza,
gombesa, zuia. Face to face, uso
kwa uso, kwa kupambana, kwa
kuelekeana. Meet (see, visit) face
to face, wajihi, (recipr.) wasihiana. -
In the face of, mbele ya, machoni
pa, kwa kutharau. Make faces,
geuza | finyana, kunjakunja\ uso.
Put a bold face on, jifanya kama
haithuru.

Eye-tooth, n. (jino kubwa chini ya | — v. simamia, simama mbele ya,

Jicho

-wa na uso kwa; (oppose) zuia,
K 2

4

FACET

shindana na ; (be opposite) e/ekea,
kabili; (give surface to) fanyiza
nje, kandtka, tomea, fanya sawa,
lainisha; iturn) geuka. Face out,
st fanya haya. jasiria.

Facet, n. upande.

Facetious, a. -bishi, -chekeshi, -a
mzaha.

Facial, a. -a uso.
sura ya USO.

Facile, a. -a adabu, -a utu mwe-
ma, -enyt mlango mzuri; (easy)
rahisi.

Facilitate, v. fanya rahist, himiza,
Saytata,

Facility, n. (ease) urahisi, wepesi,
wekevu; (means) njia, msaada;
(affability) ufu mwema, ukunju-

Facial expression,

“.

Facing, n. upande wa nje; (in
masonry) utomea, mtomo; (in
dress) mapambo, tepe. Put through
facings, Zazamta, jaribia,

Facsimile, n. nakili halisi, mwigo
sawasawa, mfano mmoja.

Fact, n. yambo la hakika, kweli, ha-
kika, jambo (mambo). In fact,
kweli, haswa. The fact is (that),
kweli, hakuna shaka, hakika, It
is a fact, kweli hiyo, si uwongo,
ndivyo ilivyo. ,

Faction, n. | jamii ya wafu wafitini
wenyi shauri moja), fitina. He
belongs to his faction, yuko upande
wake, yu hali moja naye.

Factious, a. -fifini.

Factitious, a. -lofanyiswa kwa
kazi, -a kufunga, st -a asili, -a
UWONGO.

Factor, n. (agent) wakili [ma-];
(part) nussu, sehemu.

Factory, n. nyumba ya kufanyizia
vitu, banda la kazi.

Factotum, n. | mfanya kazi zote ao
za namna zole peke yake, mtumishi
wa kazi zote |.

Faculty, n. nguvu, akili; (licence)
ruhusa; (corporation) jama, cha-
ma (cha watu wenyi kazi maa),

Fad, n. mfundo, kasirani, kombo,
kinyongo.

132

FAITHFUL

Fade, v. fifa, kauka, thoofka,
punguka, chakaa, -fa.

Faeces, n. mavi,

Fag, v. chosha, legeza kwa kazi.

Pag-end, n. kipande cha ovyo, ncha.

Faggot, n. fifa |ma-), fungu la

ni.

Fail, v. shindwa, st weza, si pata;
(miss) kosa; (lessen) punguka,
legea; (come to an end) zsha,
tindtka; (be bankrupt) flistka;
(desert) acha. Come without fail,
usikose kuja. He tried, but failed,
alijitahidi asipate.

Failing, n. kushindwa, upungufu,
uthaifu; (fault) kosa | ma- |.

Failure, n. upungufu, ukosefu, ule-
geuu; (want of success) msiba,
kazi ya burre; (bankruptcy) kufi-
lisika.

Fain (Be), v. kubali, -wa wathi,
taka.

Faint, v. 22mia roho, legea.

a. (weak) Zhaifu, -legevu,
-chovu; (deficient) asipo bidii
(nguvu, wangafu, maana wast |,
-dogo, -nyonge; (dim) -stoonekana
vema,

Faint-hearted, n. -oga, -enyt roho
chache, thaifu wa moyo.

Faintness, n. uthat{u, ulegevu, upu-
ngufu; (dimness) giza.

Fair, a. -surt, -eupe, safi; (just)
sawa, -a haki; (moderate) -a ka-
dirt, kidogo. The fair sex, wats
wa kike, waanake, Fair weather,
kuzuri, kweupe, kumetakata, Fair
voyage, safari njema. A fair wind,
pepo nzuri. Fair play, halt moja,
killa mtu sawasawa, pasipo ku-
Pendelea. Bid fair to be, Zaka
kuwa.

—— n. siku kuu ya sokoni, soko kuu,
kupamba maduka.

Fairly, adv. vizurz, &c. (7as. Fair,

a.).
Fairy, n. pepo, jini [ma-], kizimwi,
kivuli.

Faith, n. imani, amini, uaminzfu;
(promise) akads; (religion) avez.
Faithful, a. amini, -aminsfu, -nyofu.

FAITHFULNESS

Faithfulness, n. amini, uaminifu.

Faithless, a. -wongo, -danganifu,
-CrtVu.

Faithlessness, n. udanganyifu, &c.

Falcon, n.kipanga | kama tat mdogo |.

Falconer, n. mfuga uipanga.

Faldstool, n. (kiti cha kupigia
magoli kwa kusali, meza ya ku-
salia |.

Fall, v. (p. t. Fell, pf. t. Fallen)
anguka; (be ruined) angamia,
haribika; (err) kosa; (like rain)
-mya; (in drops) ‘ona, dondoka ;
(from hand, slip)pomyoka; (flat) dala;
(diminish) punguka. Fall asleep,
sinzia. Fall in, tumbukia; (of
walls) domoka ; (soldiers) jipanga.
Fall out, kosana, gombana; (sol-
diers) /ikiswa, tawanyika ; (result)
tokea, tukia. Fall short, punguka.
Fall to, siika kazi; (be allotted
to)-wa mali ya | kazi ya |. Fallinto,
(a river) Zokea; (a custom) 20elea;
(a hole) Zumbukia. Fall back,
kwenda nyuma, rudi; (decrease)
punguka. Kall among, angukia,
kutana na. Fall away, (get thin)
konda; (revolt) asi; (be lost)
potea; (lapse) kufuru, kosa. Fall
down, sujudu. Fall flat, s¢ pe-
ndeza, st faa. Fall foul of, pa-
mbana na. Fall off, funguka, zidi
kuwa -baya; (of leaves) puku-
tika. Fall on, endea, shambulia,
rukia. Fall short, kosa kufika,
punguka. Fall sick (ill), zgia
uwele, ugua. Kall through, kwisha,
fanguka, -fa, vunjika. Fall un-
der, -wa chini ya [Ratti . Fall
in love with, asiiki, shikwa na
mapenzi [habba, shauko] ya. Let
fall, angusha, bwaga.

—— n. kuanguka, &c., maanguko;
(decrease) upungufu; (error) kosa,
thamot; (ruin) maangamzsz ; (death)
mauli; (defeat) kushindwa, ku-
tekwa (mji); (descent) Zelem'ko,
boonde; (distance down) kadiri
ya kuanguka; (ofrain) manyunyo,
mvua; (of water, cascade) madbo-
vomoko ya maji ; (of tone) shusha,

138

FAMILY

punguza sauti; (autumn) mwisho
wa mwaka.

Fallacious, a. -danganyifu, -a uwo-
ngo, -a kukosesha.

Fallacy, n. neno la kudanganya,
hoja ya uwongo, kosa, uwongo.

Fallen, pf. t. ya Fall. A fallen
woman, kahaba.

Fallibility, n. ukosefu, kukosekana
na kweli.

Faliible, a. -enyi kudanganyika, -a
kukosa, -a kukosekana na kweli,
-kosefu.

Fallow, a. -enyi magugu, -lioachwa
magugu (vue).

Fallow-deer, n.
paa).

False, a. -@ uwongo, -nafiki, -da-
nganyifu, -wongo, st amini; (in-
correct) sz welt, st halisi, st
hakika; (artificial) -a kufanyizwa,
St -a asili.

Falsehood, n. #wongo.

Falsetto, n. [sauté iliogeuzwa juu
mno ao nyembamba mno|.

Falsification, n. ughoshi, mageuzi
mabaya, machanganyiko.

Palsify, v. ghoshi, geuza (vibaya),
haribu.

Falsity, n. wwongo, udanganyifu.

Falter, v. st/a, tanga, shangaa ; (to
speak falteringly) sema kigugu-
mizi, babatka, kokota maneno.

Fame, n. sifa, fahari, utukufu.

Famed, a. = Famous. ji

Familiar, a. -20efu,-juzi ; (sociable,
genial) -kunjufe; (well known)
-a kujulika, -a siku zote, -a zamani.
A familiar friend, msiri, rafiki
sana. Be familiar (on familiar
terms) with, jua sana, zoelea sana,
fanya utani na. Talk familiarly
to, zungumza na, ongea na.

Familiarity, n. (friendliness) ma-
zoca, uzoefu, utani, urafiki;
(knowledge) kujua sana, ujuzi.

Familiarizo, v. £0eza.

Family, n. (relations) jamaa, ndugu;
(household) nyumba, watu wa
nyumbani; (class) ginsi, namna,
jamii, kizazi; (rank) cheo bora.

(nyama kama

FAMINE

A young man of family, mofo wa
watu.

Famine, n. njaa, chakula shidda.

Famish, v. shindtsha kwa njaa.

Famous, a. -a sifa, -a kusifiwa,
maarufu, mashuhuri, -tukufu,
-bayani.

Fan, n. pepeo, kipepeo, upepeo.

>—— Vv. peped.

Fanatic, n. [-enyt kushika dint kwa
bidii pasipo akili), -shupafu wa
dini,

Fanatical, a. -2 mno, -a kupita
kiasi, kwa moyo si kwa akili.

Fanaticism, n. ushupafu wa dini.

Fanciful, a. [-2 kuwaza tu pasipo
hakika, -a kutunga moyoni tstvyo
akili), -a kuota, pumbafu, -a kuche-
kesha.

Fancy, v. (imagine) waza, tunga
moyoni, ola, thant; (like) penda,
pendelea, chagua. I fancy so,
naona.

n. wazo, mawazo, kuwaza, nia,
thana; (liking) mapendezi, upe-
ndeleo; (fad) mfundo, kasirani,
kinyongo. Take a fancy to, fa
habbani. Mere fancy, ndoto tu.

—— a. -a mno, ghali, -a ku eza
st -a kufaa. Fancy articles, v#-
takataka, vitu vya sanaa.

Fane, n. tekalu | ma-), kanisa (| ma-).

Fanfare, n. mshindo wa mataru-
mpela.

Fang, n. (of tooth) shina |kishina|)

jino; (tooth of animal) jino
[meno], chonge.

Fantastic, a. -@ ajabu, -geni, -a
kuchekesha, pumbofe, potofu.

Far, a. na adv. mbali, sana. By
far, zayidi sana. Far between,
mbali wao kwa wao. As far as,
hatta, mpaka, kadiri -vyo. Far
and wide, kotekote. Far from (let
alone, not to mention, not only),
lichaya, Far from it, kasha, sivyo.
Be it far from me, tepukane nami,
nipishte mbali.

Farce, n. (hadithi ya kuchekesha,
yenyi ubishi); (joke) ubishi, upuzi.

Farcical, a. -a kuchekesha, -pust.

184

FASHION

Fare, v. -wa na halt, patwa na
mambo ; (be entertained) Zendewa,
lishwa ; (proceed) enda, pata,

—— n. bet ya safari; (by ship)
nauli ; (passenger) msafiri, abiria;
(food) chakula. Bill of fare, kati
(wenyi habari ya vyakula kara-
munt \.

Farewell, n. uaga, maagano;
(final) buriani. Bid farewell, aga ;
(nally) agana |takana|) buriani ;
(leave) acha, toka, ondokea.

a. -a kuaga, -a mwisho.

Far-fetched, a. si -a akilt, -a kuba-
hatisha tu, kama hatwezekant,
_pasipo maana.

Farm, n. shamba (ma-), nyumba
ya mwenyeji wa shamba.

—~v. -wa na shamba, lima; (let
on hire) pangisha, kodtsha, ajz-
risha; (take on hire) Janga.

Farmer, n. mwenyeji wa shamba.

Farming, n. £:4mo.

Farrago, n. fujo, mchanganyiko.

Farrier, n. | fundi wa kutia chuma
miguuni mwa Ja)

Farrow, v. |nguruwe | zaa,

Par-seeing, Far-sighted, a.-a aki-
li, juzi.

Farther, adv. ma a. mbali zayidi,
mbele, zayidi. The farther side,
ng'ambo ya pili.

Farthest, adv. za a, mbali sana,
mbele kabisa, kupita yote. At
farthest, ndio mwisho, hakuna
zayidi. ;

Farthing, n. gesa | ya kiingereza).

Fascinate, v. /oga, fanyia uganga ;
(captivate) shinda, weza, vula,
titsha | kwa usuri, si kwa nguvu).

Fascination, n. kuloga, kufanyia
uganga; (of beauty) mvulo (Taz.
Fascinate), mapendezi, usurs.

Fashion, n. (appearance) #mbo,
namna, sura; (habit) desturi,
nguo ya desturi; (mode of dressing)
desturi ya kuvaa nguo, mvao,
muiko; (rank) ungwana, cheo;
(kind) ginsi, njia, namna; (way
of the world) wdimwengu. After
a fashion, kwa kadiri, It is the

FASHION 185

FAVOUR

fashion at present, ndio mtindo| Father, n. baba, mzazi (wa-]; (an-

wa siku hist,
kisasa.
Fashion, v. fanya, fanyiza ; (create)

ndio desturi ya

umba; (construct) unda, tenge-
neza.
Fashionable, a. -a desturi, -a siku

hizi | zile), -a kiungwana.

Past, n. mfungo, kujinyima cha-
kula, kutokula, kufunga.

—— v. funga.

a. epest, -a kwenda mbio; (sure,
firm) zmara, -a kukaza; (trusty)
amini; (vicious) -potofe ; (lasting)
-a kudumu, -a dayima. (He is)
fast asleep, [ yuna) usingizi mztto.
A fast friend, rafiki kwa kweli.
Fast colour, rangi ya nguo tsiyo-
toka kwa kufuliwa, isiyochujuka.
Make fast, kaza. Hold fast, shika
sana. A fast man, mpotofu. A
fast day, siku ya kufunga.

— adv. hima, upesi, kwa haraka ;
(much)sana, kwa kukaza; (extrava-
Cantly) hipotofu.

Fasten, v. funga, kaza; (door)
komea, Fasten on, kamata, shika
sana.

Fastening, n. (act, way of) mfungo;
(means of ) kifungo, kiungo.

Fastidious, a. -a kuchaguachagua,
-chagust, -teuzt.

Fasting, n. na a. kufunga, -a ku-
funga.

Fat, n. mafuta, shahamu.

—— a. -mono; (person) -nene. Grow
fat, (men) senepa, wanda, (beasts)
nona.

Fatal, a. (fated) -a ajali; (deadly)
-a mwisho, -a kufisha, -haribtfu,
-polevie.

Fatalism, n. (kusema, yote katiba,
yote Muungu, binadamu hana
thitart, hawezi neno).

Fatality, n. (fate) ajali, katiba ;
(death) kufa, mauti; (accidert)
msiba.

Fate, n. (doom) ajali; (fortune)
bahati; (law of nature) katiba,
maumbile.

Fated,a.-a ajali, -a katiba, Muungu.

cestor) baba, babu,

mzee | 'wa-J).
Step-father,

baba wa kambo.
Father-in-law,

mkwe (wa-|.
Grandfather, dadz.

Fatherhood, n. kali ya kuwa baba,
ubaba.

Fatherland, n. zachi ya kuzaliwa,
kwetu | kwenu, kwao|.

Fatherless, a. -ofiwa na baba,
yatima.

Fatherly, a. tama baba, -ema, -pole.

Fathom, n. pima (ma-), fuli sita,
wari mbili.

v. pima [urefu wa kwenda
chint); (understand) Zambua, ele-
wa.

Fatigue, n. ulegevu, uchovu, utufu;
(trouble) Zaabu, kazi.

v. chosha, legeza.
choka.

Fatling, n. kinono |vi-)J.

Fatten, v. (man) menepesha ; (animal)
nonesha; (get fat) menepa, nona.

Fatty, n. -4 mafuta, kama mafuta.

Fatuitous, Fatuous, a. -jinga, -a
ujinga, -pumbafu.

Fault, n. kosa | ma-], hattya. Be at
fault, sifasifa. Be in tault, kosa,
-wa hatiyani, Find fault with,
onea makosa, karipia, ambilia,
sula,

Fault-finding, n. masuto.
Faultless, a. sz -kosefu wa neno lo
lote, pastpo kosa, sahihi, kamili.
Faulty, a. -enyi makosa, -kosefu,
Pungufu, -baya, St sawa, st sa-

hihi.

Fauna, n. [amit ya nyama namna
zote wa inchi fullani|, nyama.

Favour, n. upendeleo; (acceptance)
kibali; (a favour) pendeleo (ma-),
fathili, wema. Do me the favour,
tafathali. It was in my favour,
ikuwa njema kwangu. The
matter was decided in my favour,
nalishinda. In favour of, kwa
ajili ya, kwa upendo wa, kwa
kupendelea, kwa upande wa. Be
in favour of, penda, taka, kubali.
Speak ir favour of, sifu, tetea,

Be fatigued,

FAVOUR

ombea. Be in favour, pendelewa.
Find favour, kubalika, pendeza.
Curry favour with , jipendekeza kwa.

Favour, v. pendelea, kubali ; (aid) sa-
yidia, ‘faa. Favour with, jalia, -pa.

Favourable, a. -ema, -a kufaa.

Favourite, n. kipenzi loi-), mpenzi
[wa-].

a. -a kupendeza.

Pavouritism, n. kupendelea, ma-
pendeleo.

Fawn,n. mtoto wa Deer, paa mdogo.

(upon), v. jipendekeza kwa, be-
mbeleza.

Fealty, n. (wapo ao ahadi ya kutu-
mikia mtu), amini, kutumikia
kwa moyo.

Fear, n. hofu, woga, uchaji;
of fear) kicho, kitisho.

-—— v. oga, ogopa, hofu, -cha, chelea.

Fearful, a. -a kufisha, -a hofu.

Fearless, a. -jasirs, -gumu, -kavu
wa macho.

Feasible, a. yamkini. Itis feasible,
yawezekana, yafanyizika.

Feast, v. (entertain) karimu, kirimu,
karibisha; (eat largely) -la kara-
mu, -la sana, jilisha; (delight)
JSurahisha, shibisha, (neut.) sifura-
hisha.

n. karamu, chakula ‘ching,
(holiday) siku kuu. Feast-day,
siku kuu.

Feat, n, ‘endo la ajabu, tendo kubwa,
kazi ya nguvu.

Feather, n. unyoya [nyoya)|, nyo-
ya (ma-|. Wing-feather, udawa
(mbawa |.

Feathery, a. kama nyoya, -enyi ma-
nyoya.

Feature, n. sekemu ya uso; (appear-
ance) sura, umbo; (remarkable
point) yambo la kuangaliwa | la
kuvuta macho),

Febrifuge, n. dawa la homa.

Febrile, a. -a homa.

February, n. [sina la mwezi wa
pili wa mwaka kizungu |.

Fecundity, n. (animals) wazazi;
(land) baraka, neema, kuzaa sana,
rutuba.

(object

136

FEELING

Fed, p. t. ya Feed.

Federal, a. [-a miji ao makabila
yaliyo chini ya serkali moja) (Zaz.
Federalism); -2 mapatano.

Federalism, n. [hak ya jamii ya
miji iliyokubali kuwa amri moja
na shauri moja, upatano wa
miji mingi chini ya serkali moja).

Pee, n. ada, bakshishi, kodi.

Feeble, a. thatfu, -dogo.

Feed, v. (p. t. na pf.t. Fed) /éshka,
chunga; (neut.) -/a, jilisha; (fire)
chochea ; (a machine, &c.) endesha,
zidishia nguvu; (gratify, increase)
staisha, rethisha, dumisha.

n. chakula, malisha; (fuel)
kunt, makaa; (additional matter)
zayidi.

Feeder, n. mlisht, mchungaji, (kitu
kizidishacho ao kitiacho nguvu kitu
kingine |.

F'eel,v.(p.t. zapf. t. Felt) ona, jiona,
ona moyont ; (with fingers) Zomasa,
bonyesha; (touch) papasa, gusa;
(appear) onekana, oncka kama; (be
affected by) zugiwa na, patwa na,
stushwa na. Feel, Feel deeply,
tsa moyoni, tia maanani, fanya
msiba, -wa na msiba. Feel (some-
thing) about (a person, &c.), onelea.
Feel for, Aurumia ; (with hand, feel
about for) papasa. Feel the pulse,
kanda mshipi. | feel ill, najiona
siwezi. How do you feel? wa-
onaje? It feels soft, kama nyororo.
He feels his loss, hasara yake
yamsikitikisha, afanya msiba. Feel
sure, Feel certain, jua sana, ona
hakika.

—— n. kuona, kugusa. Be hard to
the feel, oneka -gumu.

Feeler, n. fembe, mkono; (test) ja-

bu

ribu.
Feeling, n. kuona kwa upapaso;
(with hand) kupapasa, kugusa;
(internal) kwona moyoni, nia, moyo,
mawazo ya ndani; (pity) kuruma.
Hurt feelings of, (shame) Azsz;
(disappoint) ghazrs; (criticize) suéa.
Without power of feeling (dead),
-pooza. Lose feeling, Zoosa. Even

FEELING

a bird has feeling, Aatta ndege ana
moyo wake.

Feeling, a. -a huruma, -ema.

Feet, pl. ya Foot.

Feign, v. jifanya, jigeuza; (pretend
to have) ~jifanya -enyt; (invent)
funga; (counterfeit) séstngzeza.
Feign sickness, jigonjweea.

Feint, n. mwigo, madanganya, hila,
UWONGO.

Felicitate, v. -$a mkono, Sc. (Taz.
Congratulate).

Felicitous, a. -2u7ri, -a kupendeza.

Felicity, n. halt ya heri, kujiona
heri, furaha kuu, suudi.

Feline, a. -a faka, -a kipaka.

Fell, v. hata, angusha.

p- t. ya Pall.

— a. -kalt, -korofi, -a kiuajt.

Fellow, n. mwenzi; (person) mtu;
(in contempt) miu mpust, mtu ha-

fifu. Poor fellow! maskini! You
fellows! jamaani !

Fellow-countryman, n.
kabila moja.

Fellow-creature, n. siumbe mwe-
naake | mwenzio, &c.\, kiumbe sawa-
sawa.

Fellow-feeling, n. upendano, hu-
vuma.

Fellow-servant, n. mjoli | wa-|.

Fellowship, n. usharika, urafiki,
upatano.

Felon, n. (mwenyi hatiya kubwa).

Pelonious, a. -a hattya, -baya.

Felony, n. tendo baya sana, hattya
kubwa.

Felt, n. (nguo ya manyoya ya kondoo
tstyosukwea |.

— p.t. ya Feel.

Female, n. mwanamke | waanake|;
(of animals) jike | majike|.

a. -ke, -a kike; (of animals) jike.

Feminine, a. sama Female, -a
namna ya kike, tstahilivyo mwa-
namke, -a waanake,

Fen, n. (inchi sawa ya majimaji na
matope mengi).

Fence, n. wa (nyua); (of stone)
kitalu; (as defence) boma (ma-|.

— v. chesa wawili kwa panga,

ndugu,

137

FETCH

shindana; (enclose) fanyia ua,
zungusha ua | kitalu).

Fencing, n. wa, kufanya ua;
(materials) mazungusho; (game)
[mchezo wa kupigana panga),

Fender, n, (kitu cha kukingia
moto), kinga.

Fenugreek, n. zatu.

Ferment, n. uchachu, chachu; (boil-
ing) chemko; (disorder) uthia, Be
in a ferment, chemka; (be excited)
faharaki ,chafuka, kasirika, hanga-
tka.

v. chacha, chachuka,

Fermentation, n. kuchachuka, kazi
ya uchachu; (excitement) ucha-
Suko, hasira, haraka.

Ferocious, a. -4alz.

Ferocity, n. ukali,

Ferret, n. | kinyama kama cheche).

v. tafutatafuta, peleleza. Ferret
out, foza wazi.

Ferruginous, a. -enyt chuma.

Ferrule, n. (ring) pete, kikuku, noleo.

Ferry, n. kivuko (vi-]; (boat) [cho-
mbo ao mashua ya kuvusha watu
mtoni).

—— (over), v. vusha, vukisha.

Ferryman, n. mvushaji (wa-].

Fertile, a. -a kuzaa sana, -a neema,
-a baraka.

Fertility, n. kuzaa sana, uzaajt, ne-
ema, baraka,

Fervency, n. bidii, moyo wa bidii,
juhudi.

Fervent, a. -enyt moyo wa bidii,
-pest, -a juhudi.

Fervid, a. kama Fervent.

Fervour, n. sama Fervenoy.

Festal, a. -a siku kuu, -a furaha, -a
karamu.

Fester, v. toa uzaha, kasirika, oza.

Festival, n. siku kuu, karamu.

Festive, a. = Festal; (playful)
-chesht, -kunjufu.

Festivity, n. furaha, shangwe, mi-
chezo.

Festoon, n. | msokoto wa maua, maua
yaliyosokoteka kwa tepe), masongo.

Fetch, v. Zefa; (be sold for) uzwa
kwa, pata,

FETE

Pete, n. siku kuu.

—— v. shangilia, karibisha kwa
furaha.

Fetich, n. (kifu cha kuabudiwa,
muungu wa uwongo |, hirizi, dawa.

Fetichism, n. (ibada ya vtumbe ao
vitu kuliko Muungu|.

Fetid, a. -a kunuka, -enyi uvundo,
-a haruju mbaya.

Fetlock, n. (kishungi cha nyele mgu-
unt pa frasi chini |.

Fetter, n. Pingu.

Fetus, n. mimba, tungama.

Feud, n. wadut, machukio, makamio,
ushinde, Be at feud, wekeana
kisasi, chukiana, kamiana, -wa na
ushinde na.

Feudalism, n. (wenyi mashamba
kupasiwa kazi ya jumbe wao, na
zayidi kumpigania|.

Fever, n. homa; (excitement) Aalz
ya fathaa | hasira, haraka, ucha-
fuko), harara. Dengue fever, ki-
dinga popo. Newcomer’s (accli-
matization) fever, ukunguru.

Feverish, a, -a koma kidogo; (ex-
cited) -a haraka.

Few, a. -chache, haba. A few (of),
nussu, kidogo, -ngine, -chache.

Fewness, n. uchache, kuwa haba,

Fes, n. kofia, tarbusht.

Fiat, n. amri, neno la nguvu.

Fib, n. wwongo.

Fibre, n. uzt [my-], kitemiwe; (in
fruit) mzzzzz; of cocoa-nut) ma
kumbi, usumba; (of banana)
ugomba,

Fibrous, a, -eny2 nyusi, -a mizizi,

Fickle, a. -a kugeukageuka, -geust.

Fiction, n. (untruth) uwongo, habari
sa uwongo; (story) hadithi ya hu-
buntka, -a kusulika, hadithi tu,
uzushi, usult, mabuniko.

Fictitious, a. -@ wwongo, -a kubu-
nika, -a kujifanya, -a kutunga.

Fiddle, n. sezse ya kizungu | yenyi
nyuzi na kipande cha kupigia),

v. piga sexe,

Fidelity, n. amini, uaminifu, utha-
biti.

Fidget, n. stukutu, kutotulia.

138

FIGURE

Fidget, v. sumbua, harakisha; tu-
kutu, st -tulia,

Fidgety, a. -tukutu, si -tulivu,

Fie, int. #fui! haifai!

Field, n. konde (ma-), shamba [ma-];
(of battle) maha pa mapigano ;
(space) #afast; (expanse) eneo la
tnché ; (competitors) washindanaji
wote | jamii|. Take the field, enda
vitant.

Field-day, n. siku ya asikari ku-
cheza vita, kwotas.

Field-glass, n. durabint.

Field-labourer, n. mkulima, ki-
barua.

Field-marshal, n. jemadari mkuu.

Field-officer, n. (akida mwenyi amri
vitani |.

Field-piece, n. msinga [mit-] wa
kukokoteka,

Fiend, n. shetani [ma-], jint [ma-],
zimwi,

Fiendish, a. -a kishetani.

Fierce, a, -kali, -a nguvu, mbwai ;
(of persons) nduli, -uaji.

Fierceness, n. #ka/#; (of sun) uka-
lif ; (violence) nguvu, jeuri.

Fiery, a. -4 moto; (fierce) -kals;
(violent) -a nguvu; (hasty, angry,
epesi, -enyi hasira, -a harara.

Fife, n. filimbi.

Fifteen, n. na a, kumi na tano,
hamstashara.

Fifteenth, a, -4 kumi na tano.

Fifth, a. -4 fano.

Fiftieth, a. -a khamsini.

Fifty, n. na a. hamsini.

Fig, n. (tree) mzini; (fruit) fer.
I don’t care a fig, hatthuru hatta

kidogo.

Fight, Fighting, n. vila, mapigano,
kondo; (brawl) fitina, ugomvi.

—— v.(p.t.#a@ pf. t. Fought) igana,
Sanya vita, shindana.

Figment, n. wwongo, kitu kilicho-
tungwa, ndoto.

Figurative, a. -enyi mfano (wa ma-
neno), -a methali.

Figure, n. (appearance) umbo, sura;
(representation) mfano, sanamu,
choro |ma-); (number) tarakimu,

FIGURE 189

harufu; (show) fahari; (price)
bez; (in dance) gumgu. Quick at
figures,-elekevu wa kuhesabu. What
is your figure? kem? wausaje?
ktasi gani! Have a fine figure,
umbika vizuri, onekana -surt, piga
umalidadi | fahari, urembo).

Figure, v. (make a show) jifahi-
risha; (represent) -wa mfano wa,
-wa kama ; (typify) onyesha mbele.
Figure as, jifanya, jifananisha
na

Figure-head, n. (nakshi ya gubetini
katika mtepe ao jahazi).

Filament, n. 42: [ny-], mzizi |mi-).

Filbert, n. njugu ya kizungu.

Filch, v. iba.

File, n. (soldiers) safu, [astkari wa-
wili mmoja mbele na mmoja nyu-
maj); (papers, &c.) fungu ; (kifu
Eh kufunganis aja akini
kwa taratibu |; (blacksmith's) zupa;
(for wood) fungu. Indian fle,
mwandamo, kuandamana, ufua-
lano.

—v. weka (andika) taratibu;
(soldiers) fuatana, andamana,
kwenda mwandamo ; (metals) piga
kupa,chua, kata kwa tupa ; (teeth)
chonga. File-leader (in caravan),
mkuugenzi.

Filial, a. -a mtoto kwa babaye [ma-
maye), -a kumpenda babaye lima.
maye |.

Filibuster, n. mjeuri (wa-), hara-
mia, mnyanganyt | wa-j.

Filigree-work, n. tems.

Filings, n. unga wa chuma, mavi
ya chuma.

Fill, v. jasa; (fill up) jaliza; (fill
spaces) chomelea; (fill in) fukia;
(get full) jaa; (with food) shzdz-
sha ; (office, occupation) #a | zwa)
katika [hast], fanya (kazi). Have
one’s fill, shiba. Fill in, maliza.
Fill out, (grow) kwa, pata maungo,

> (expand) tanuka.

Fillet, n. stepe (tepe).

Fillip, v. Give a fillip to, Piga ki
dole; (rouse) amsha.

Filly, n. mwana frasi jike.

FINENESS

Film, n. ufando; (in eye) chamba.

Filter, n. (chombo cha kusafishia
maji, cha kuchuja laka), cha ku-
chujta; (basket) Aung’uto, kileo,
kayamba; (bag) kifumbu; (netting)
kilifu.

— v. safisha kwa Filter, chuja;
(pass through) waja, pita kidogo
kidogo, papa.

Filth, Filthiness, n. uchafu, ukoo,
Janaba, taka, unajisi.

Filthy, a. -chafu, takataka, -koo.

Filtrate, v. = Filter, v.

Filtration, n. uchujo, kuchuja.

Fin, n. pest (ma- |).

Final, a. -a mwisho, -a kukata ma-
neno, mkataa. Final cause, 4u-
sudi. Final word, neno tamma.

Finale, n. mwisho (wa kuimba, wa
kucheza ngoma).

Finality, n. mkataa, mwisho.

Finance, n. mambo ya fetha, mali,
Jetha ya serkali,

Financial, a. -a fetha (na mambo
yake), -a Finance.

Financier, n. [mtu mwenyi shu-
ghuli ya mambo ya fetha).

Find, v. (p.t. na pt. t. Found) ona,
pata, kuta, tafuta; (ascertain)
pata kujua,hakiki, baini; (pro-
vide) patza; (discover) vumbua.
Find out (unexpectedly), gundua ;
(detect) pata, chungulta. Find
fault with, ta hatzyant, shiakt,
chongea.

— n. (lucky discovery) dafina, ba-
hati

Fine, v. toza fetha, lipiza ukombozi,
pasisha athabu WA kulipa fetha).

—— n. fetha la kulipia kosa, uko-
mbozi ; (for murder) dia, kaki ya
damu. In fine, mwisho, basss.

—— a. -suri; (small) -embamba,
-dogo; (soft) laint, -ororo; (well-
grown) -kuza. A fine child, jana
[ma-]. It is a fine day, fine
weather, jua leo, husuri leo, kumeta-
kata.

Finely, adv. 723474, sana.

Fineness, n. uzuri, ulaini, wemba-
mba, wepesi (Taz. Fine, a.).

FINERY

Finery, n. umalidadi, urembo, ult-
mbwende, nguo nzuri.

Finesse, n. ujanja, hila,

Finger, n. kidole |vi-) cha mkono,
kidole, chanda |vy-|. Have a
finger in, | shariki, -wamo katika.
Burn one's fingers, tubu, Jipasha
majuto. Have at one’s fingers’
ends, jua sana, hitimia.

— v. ta vidole, papasa, gusa.

Finish, v. maliza, timiza, timiliza,
hatimisha; (come to an end) esha ;
(bring to,an end) maliza, fanya
mwisho, ishilisa; (put an end to)
zuta, komesha,nyamasisha, Finish
education, kitimu.

n. “sure; (end) mwisho.

Finished, a. kamili, -kamilifu, -zuri.

Finite, a. -enyi kwisha, -enyi ukomo,
-enyt kiasi.

Finny, a. -enyt mapezi, -a samaki.

Fir, n. msunobari [mvinje, na mili
ya ginsi hit),

Fire, n, moto(mi- |); (blaze) mwako;
(brightness) wangafu; (excitement)
Juhudi, harara; (energy) nguvu;
(of fire-arms) mshindo wa bun-
duki, kupiga bunduki. Fire-
wood, ukuni [hunt]. Fire-stick,
upekecho [mapekecho}. Fire-brand,

kinga. Fire-place, jiko (meko).
Fire-arms, bunduki. Running fire,
kupiga bunduki-bunduki. — Be

under fire, Jigiwa bunduki.

v. (a gun) figa | bunduki); (set
fire to) wasia, tia moto, choma,
tekeleza. Fire up, kasirika. Set
on fire, washa, choma, lia moto.

Fire-brand, n. kinga [vt-} cha moto,
mwenge (mé-|; (agitator) mfitini.

Fire-brigade, n. (jamii ya asikari
wenyi kazi kuzima moto mkubwa
mjini),

Fire-damp, n. [Aewa mbaya ya ku-
fisha),

Fire-engine, n. (chombo cha kuzimia
moto mkubwa

Fire-escape, n. (ngazi ya kukimbia
moto mkubwa mjini).

Fire-fly, n. kimurimuri, kimets-
mets.

140

FISHING-GROUND

Fire-insurance, n. kulipa bima,
jukum. 4

Fire-irons, n. (vyuma vya kucho-
chelea moto nyumbani), vichocheo.

Fire-place, n. meko; (of stones)
'mafya, mafiga.

Fire-proof, a.
moto, -stoteketed.

Fireside, n. pa kuota moto; (home)
kwake kwao, &c. ].

-sioharibika kwa

Firewood, n. sunt; (one stick)
ukuni.

Fireworks, n. ( fataki ao viberili za
kuruka juu|.

Firing, n. kuchoma moto, washa;
(fuel) Aust; (discharge) mshindo
wa bunduki, kupiga bunduki.

Firm, a. imara, thabiti, -gumu, -a
kusimama; (resolute) -shupafu,
hodari, -gumu, -A Nguvu.

——n. sharika la biashara, kampani,
watu wa bia, bia.

Firmament, n. anga.

Firman, n. amri ya Sulfani Rum.

Firmness, n. uthabiti, usimeme,
imara ; (in building) momo,

First, a. -2 kwanza, -kuu, bora;
(new) -pya. First of its sort, /2-
mbuko. At first, In the first place,
kwanza. From the first, Zangu
MWANRSZO,

— adv. kwanza, mbele.
takdddam, kadimu.
ngulia.

First-class, a. -a kwanza, -a ginsi
iliyo nzuri (bora, halisi |).

Pirst-fruit, n. malimbuko.

Firstly, adv. kwanza.

First-rate, a. bora, hodari, halisi,

Fiscal, a. -2 hazina ya mfalme, -a
fetha ya serkali,

Fish, n. samaki,

v. vua samaki; (use craft) tumia
hila, jaribia kwa werevu. Fish
up, 2p0a.

Fisher, Fisherman, n. mvuvi | wa, |

Fishery, n. (mahali ao kazi ya kuvua
samaki |.

Fish-hook, n. ndoana.

Fishing-ground, Fishery, n. mvuo,
(mahali ao kazi ya kuvua samaki).

Be first,
Go first, za-

FISH-TRAP 141

Fish-trap, n. dema, lema; (fence of
sticks) 4220.

Fishy, a. -2 samaki, -enyi samaki
tele, kama samaki.

Fissile, a. -a kupasuka, -enyi kupa-
suka upesi.

Fissuro, n. ufa (ny-|.

Fist, n. ngumi; (knuckles) konde
[wea-], konzi. Hit with fist, piga
konde

Fistula, n. nasuri (jipu lenyi
tundu).

Fit, v. fanyiza, fanya sawasawa,
tia barabara, tengenesa, linganisha,
unga, (neut.) faa, slahilt; (suit
exactly, fit tight) saki. Fit out,
-pa matumizi (masarufu, vifaa,
&c.]. Fitup(a house, &c.), famba.
lengeneza. It fits me, mz kiasi
(cheo) changu, sawasawa, wajibu.

n. kifafa; (of illness) kipindi,
kushikwa; (of clothes) cheo, kufaa.
A fit of passion, hasira ya ghd-
Jala [ya kitambo). It is a good
fit, ixasaki, chafaa sana, sawasawa.
By fits and starts, marra kushika
marra kuacha, kwa mashindo,
kwa vipindi.

— a. -a kufaa, wajibu, -a kustahili,
-a kuweza. Be fil, faa, stahili,
Weza.

.Fitfal, a. -a kugeukageuka, marra

kushika marra kuacha, -a vipindi,
-a vishindo.

Fitly, adv. kwa ginsi ya kufaa, kwa
haki, vizuri.

Fitness, n. kufaa, usawa, ulinga-
nifu, uzuri.

Fitter, n. (fundi wa kutengeneza
mitambo ya chuma).

Fitting, a. -a kufaa, -a adabu, -ema,
-surt, -a haki, wajibu.

n. mapambo | ya duka, ya nyu-
mba).

Five, n. a a. fano, -tano.

Fives, n. (mchezo wa kutupa mpira
ukutani kwa mkono|.

Fix, v. kasa; (establish) fanya
imara, thubutisha; (appoint)
agiza, amuru; (decide) aztmu,
kata shauri. Get fixed, kazana,

FLANK

kwama. Fix eyes on, kodolea,
kazia macho, Fix attention on,
angalia. Fix upon, chagua. Fix

in the memory, tia (weka j moyoni,
Jahamisha, kumbusha.

Hix, n. mashaka, matata, hatari.
Get into a fix, kwamisha; (neut.)
kwama, fungwa, zidiwa. Get out
of a fix, Awamua: (neut.) kwamuka.

Fixed, a. -stogeuka, thabiti, -a ku-
kazwa, -stoondoka, mkataa.

Fixity, n. mkazo, uthabili, ugumu,
USIMEME.

Fixture, n. jambo la sharti, neno
la mkataa, mapatano; (fittings)
mapambo ya nyumba, vyombo
vikubwa.

Fizz, v. chemka, vuma kama maji
ya kuchemka.

Flabby, Flaccid, a. feketeke.

Flag, v. legea, choka, shindwa.

— n. bendera; (river reed) nyasi
[ma-]; (stone) | jiwe pana jemba-
mba gumu |.

Flagellate, v. iga mijeledi,

Flageolet, n. filimbi.

Flagitious, a. -ovu sana.

Flagon, n. kopo la kunywea, chu-
pa.

Flagrant, a. -4 uovu wast, -baya
Sana, baini.

Flail, n. (kipande cha kufikichia
ngano).

Flake, n. ganda [ma-]; (of metal)
mavi, bamba Vai kibamba;
(flakes of snow) ¢helujz kama ma-
nyoya.

Flambeau, n. mwenge [mi-].

Flame, v. waka, toa moto.

— n. mwako wa moto, moto;
(sweetheart) mchumba [wa-].

Flaming, a. -a moto, -a kuwaka.

Flamingo, n. (ndege kama korongo
mwekundu sana).

Flange, n. (kipande cha chuma ki-
tokezacho|, kishikio, kipande.

Flank, n. ubavu; (side) upande,
kando. A flank movement, kupita
upande, mzunguko.

— v. kaa mbavuni kwa, -wa kando
la, pakana na.

FLANNEL

Flannel, n. | nguo ya sufi ao manyoya
ya kondoo), fullana.

Flap, v. piga (mabawa), pigapiga,
tapatapa, papatika.

n. pigo; (loose piece) kipande,
lisani, upindo.

Flare, v. waka, toa moto, ng'aa.

— n., mwako, moto.

Flash, v. piga (kama umeme), me-
tameta, mulika, tokea ghdfala. It
suddenly flashed upon him, ta ya
ghdfala thamwingilia moyo.

Le. muru ya marra moja, kianga,
kimulimul:, [kitu cha ghdfala ao
marra moja\; (lightning) umeme.

Plashy, a. -2 kimalidadi, hafifu.

Flask, n. chupa, kopo.

Flat, n. (of sword) bapa; (place)
mahali sawa na pana, wangwa;
(in house) évofa ya nyumba, tabaka.

——— a, sawa, sawasawa, panapana ;
(smooth) Zaini; (insipid, dull) sé

_-tamu, dufu, baridi. It fell flat,
haikupendeza, haina kiungo. A
flat denial, kukanisha kabisa.

Flatness, n. kuwa sawa, &c. (Taz.

Flat, a.).

Flatten, v. fanya sawasawa, sawa-
zisha, lainisha, tandaza ; (by ham-
mering) Zambusza.

Flatter, v. sifu mno, sifu, bembeleza,
Jipendekeza kwa.

Flatterer, n. msifu, msifu mno,

" mbembelezi.

Flattery, n. sifa nyingi, kusifu,

" ubembelezi.

Flatulence, n. r:yaki (Ar.).

Flatulent, a. -a rtyaht.

Flaunt, v. angasa mno, tembeza mno,
onyesha wastwazi, j

Flavour, n. utamu, luththa; (style)
namna.

— v. kolea, tia utamu, unga.

Flaw, n. kombo, ufa, lemaa; (fault)
kosa.

Flax, n. kifani.

Flaxen, a. -a kitani, kama kitani.
Flaxen hair, nyele 2a singa nyeupe
laini.

Flay, v. chuna, fanya machuni ya.

Flea, n. Kiroboto | vi-).

142

PLING

Fleck, n. doa, raka, paku, waa.

—— v. ta Flecks.

Filed, p. t. za pf. t. ya Flee.

Fledged, a.[vedege | vyenyi manyoya,
vya kuruka.

Flee, v. (p.t. na pf.t. Fled) kimbia.

Fleece, n. ngozi ya kondoo yenyi ma-
nyoya, manyoya ya kondoo.

v. kumba, kwalia mali yote.

Fleecy, a. -@ manyoya ya kondoo,
kama manyoya ya kondoo.

Fleet, n. merikebu | vyombo, mashua |
nyingi pamoja, jamii ya manowari,
kundi.

—— a. -epest, -enyt mbio.

Fleeting, a. -a kwisha upest, -a ku-
pita, -stokaa.

Flesh, n. nyama; (body) 4iwiktwels,
mwili; (mankind) waanadamu ;
(bumanity) sf; (present life) ma-
isha ya duniani Pya sasa |); (ori-
ginal sin) wove wa asili.

—— v. 20esta damu, shibisha | vita |).
To flesh the sword, kuingia vita
marra ya kwanza.

Fleshiness, n. mnofu, unono.

Fleshly, a. -4 mwi/ti; (carnal) -baya.

Fleshy, a. (fat) -nene, -mono; (of
flesh) ya nyama, -enyi nyama.

Flew, p. t. ya Fly.

Flexibility, n. kali ya kuwa
Flexible.

Flexible, a, -a kupindtkana, -a ku-
nyumbuka, -2 kukunjtka.

Flicker, v. (of a light) sézséa.

Flight, n. mbia, ukimbizi ;
(sudden display of energy) bidii;
(of birds) kundi (Za ndege|; (of
arrows, &c.) wingi wa mishale, &c.
Flight of steps, madaraja, ngazi.

Flighty, a. kigeugeu, hafifu.

Flimsy, a. hafifu, that/u, -baya.

Flinch, v. jikunja, jikunyata ; (give
way) legea, shindwa, ogopa.

Fling, v. (p.t. #a pf.t. Flung) zuga,
rusha, angusha, tea kwa nguvu.
Fling up, acha; (an appointment)
jiuzulu. Fling open, sindua kwa
nguvu. Fling out, toka kwa hasira
(chungu, Sc.) Have a fling,
achiwa, chesa, potelea,

FLINT 148

Flint, n. jiwe la bunduki.
Flint-gun,n. bunduki ya gumegume.
Plip, n. piga kidole.

Flippancy, n. purukushani, upuzi,
haraka.

Flippant, a, hafifu, -puzt, -a kupu-
rukusha.

Flipper, n. kikono [vt-}.

Flirt, n. (mwanamke abadtliye wa-
chumba, hashiki uchumba, acheza-
cheza), mbembe, mpuzi.

Flirtation, n. maongezi ya uchumba,
uchumba wa kucheza, ubembe,
upuzi.

Flit, v. ruka huko na huko; (move
house) kama.

Flitch, n, (Dande la nyama ya
Nguruwe |.

Float, v. clea, ogolea ; (cause to float)
eleza; (be carried along) chukuliwa
na maji (pepo), pita polepole ; (set
going) endesha.

n. chelezo.

Plock, n. kundi | ma-|.

—— Vv. ya wengi, jaa, kusanyika,
songana.

Floes, n. (mapande ya barafu baha-
nni)

Flog, v. piga sana, pigapiga.

Plogging, n. mapigo mengi.

Flood, n. gharika, maji mengi, maji
ya kujaa, mafuriko; (abundance)
wingi, Flood of tears, machozi
mengi.

v. gharikisha, funikiza | kwa
maji |, toa tele juu ya, furikisha,
Flood-gate, n. m/ango (wa kuzuta

maji |.

Floor, n. chini; (concrete) sakafu ;
(upper) dar: ; (story) drofa, tabaka,

— v. angusha, shinda.

Flop, v. ‘apatapa, ruka.

Flora, n. | jamii ya mimea yote ya
inchi fullani), mimea,

Floral, a. -a maua.

Floriculture, n. kilimo cha maua.

Florid, a. (red) -ekundu ; (showy) -a
kufanya fahari, -a uzuri,

Florin, n. LA
rupia).

Florist, n. mkulima maua,

etha ya kiingereza,kama |

FLUENT

Floss, n. malaika za hariri, nyuzi
laini, manyoya membamba.

Flotation, n. kuelea.

Flotilla, n. kundi la mashua, jamii
ya jahazi ndogo, vyombo vingi.

Flounce, v. jgifikisa, jisukasuka,

Jitapatapa.

—n. |kipande cha upindoni kwa
nguo|.

Flounder, v. kama Flounce; (blun-
der) Aosakosa, boruga, tatanika, sita
sila.

Flour, n. unga; (wheaten) unga wa
ngano.

Flourish, v. silawz, fanikiwa, kua;
(make a show) jitukuza, piga ma-
kuu; (brandish) tikisa.

n. (show) fahari; (of style)
urembo; (of trumpets) mshindo,
mdundo; (of arms, &c.) #ikiso.

Flout, v. iga, thihaki, cheka.

Flow, v. enda [kama maji |), tirtrika,
pita, toka; (of tides) jaa. Ebb and
flow, kupwa na kujaa. Flowing
hair, nyele zimshukazo mtu shingo-
nt. Flowing dress, nguo 2tmshu-
kazo mtu miguuni. Flowing lan-
guage, maneno mengi. He gave
a flowing address, maneno yali-
mtoka kama maji.

—— n. mkondo, mvuto (wa maji),
mwendo; (abundance) wingi.

Flower, n. ya | ma-|; (oi speech,
Sc.) uzuri, dibaji. Flower of
age, ujana, uzima. Flower (of an
army, &c.), sehemu bora,-a kwanza.'

—— v. toa maua, chanua.

Flowery, a. -enyi maua mengi; (of
speech) -zurt, -a dibaji.

Flown, pf. t. Fly.

Fluctuate, v. sttasita, tangaianga;
(change) badilibadili, geukageuka.

Fluctuation, n. &usitasita, &c.,
mageuzi. It is ina state of fluctua-
tion (fluctuating), hazza kituo.

Flue, n. dohani, bomba.

Fluency, n. usemaji, wepesi wa
kunena, unenaji, wingi wa ku-
nena.

Fluent, a. -4 kusema upesi, -enyt
usemaji; (of words) kama maji.

FLUID

He speaks fluently, maneno yana-
mtoka kama maji.

Fluid, n, na a. maji, kama maji.
It is in a fluid (unstable) state, kaima
kituo.

Fluidity, n. hali ya (kuwa kama)
maji, kimajimaji.

Fluke, n. (of anchor) komove [ma-];
(chance) hakati, nasibu.

Flummery, n. ovyo, maneno ya ovyo,
upuzi.

Flung, p. t. na pf. t. ya Fling.

Flurry, v. fathaisha, harakisha, zu-
lisha. Be flurried, sudtka kitwa,
hangaika.

n. fathaa, haraka.

Flush, v. geuza uso; (neut.) geuka
uso (kwa haya, furaha, matuma-
ini, tamaa, 8c.); (turn red) -wa
[ fanya)-ehundu; (excite) chomesha,
wakisha, harakisha; (a drain, &c.)
pisha maji, safisha.

n. wekundu usoni | kwa haya,
&c.], kugeuka rangi usoni; (red-
ness) wekundu; (sudden motion)
hali ya ghafala, | hasira, furaha,
&c.}; (body of water) wingi (wa
maji |, mkondo wa ghdfala.

Fluster, v. 2a n. = Flurry.

Flute, n. filimbi.

Flutter, v. papatika, pigapiga ma-
bawa, donea; (excite) fathatsha,
harakisha, hangatsha.

Fluvial, a. -a mito, -a mitont,

Flux, n. mwendo wa majt; (change)
mabadilibadili; (fusion) kali ya
kuyeyuka.

Fly, v. (p. t. Flew, pf. t. Flown)
ruka, kimbia, kwenda mbio, pita.
Fly into a passion, fufuka. Fly
off, puruka. Let fly (arrow, gun),

ga. Fly a flag, tweka bendera.
Fly a kite, rusha kishada juu.

——n. inzi [ma-]; (carriage) gari
(Ja kuchukua watu); (artificial)
mfano wa inzi.

Fly-fish, v. (fumia mainsi kwa
chambo, vua samaki kwa mai-
nzi).

Flying-fish, n. samaki yenyi |ma-
pezi kama) mabawa.

144

FOLLOW

Fly-leaf, n. (ukarasa wa kwanza wa
kitabu, ustopigiwa chapa|.
Fly-wheel, n. | gurudumu kubwa la
kusawanisha mwendo wa gare |.
Foal, n. mwana frasi, mwana punda.
Foam, n. fovu.
— v. toa povu, chafuka, umka.
Fob, n. mfuko | mdogo wa kisibau).
Pocus, n. (makali pa kati, palipo
nuru nyingi ao moto wa nguve |,
Fodder, n. chakula (cha nyama),
malisha ; (grass) ukoka, majnt.
Foe, n. adut.
Foetus, n. ‘ungama, mimba.

| Fog, n. kungu, umande, shemale,

wangu la chini.

Foggy, a. -a kungu, Sc.

Foible, n. kosa, ukosefu, kipunguo.

Foil, v. tangua, zuia, shinda.

n. upanga | mwembamba wa ku-
chezea |; (ornament) Jambo; (defeat)
kushindwa; (thin metal) | bamba
la madini, karatasi ya bati, Sc. ).

Foist, v. Zza kwa hila, ingiza kwa
UWOngo.

Fold, n. (drapery) kunjo |ma-),
mkuto | mi-), pindi |ma-|, tabaka,
finyo (ma-|; (enclosure, pen) 2:8?
[ma-]; (times) marra. Tenfold,
marra kumi.

v. kunja; (the arms) pakata, pa-
chika [mtkono|. Fold up, kunja-
kunja. Fold in the arms, &x-
mobatta.

Folding-doors, n. m/ango wa pande
mbili, mlango (wa kiunguja).

Foliage, n. majani [ya mti).

Folio, n. karatasi kubwa, chuo ki-
kubwa.

Folk, n. watz.

Folk-lore, n. kadithi (desturi, ha-
bart | sa wate wa kale.

Follow, v. /uata, andama; (attend)
ngojea; (imitate) tga, fuatisha;
(obey) #:. It follows that, kwa
sababu hit. Follow a pattern,
Follow suit, fuatzsha,oleza. Follow
after, fuata, andantia, enda nyuma
ya, ja baadaye. Follow up, fuafa,
patia; (carry on) shika, endeleza,
fuliza, fanya. The following

FOLLOWER

month, mwezi mwandamo, mwezi
wa pili, The following day, siku
ya pili, assubui yake, kesho yake.
As follows, A:7t.

Follower, n. mfuasi [wa-], chokora

[ma-]; (disciple) mwanafunzi
[wa-].
Folly, n. upumbafu, ujinga, u

Foment, v. osha na maji ya moto;
(excite) wasia, ongeza, chochea,

Fomentation, n. josho la moto.

Fond, a. -enyi kupenda, -a mahabba
mengi; (over-fond) -enyz kupenda
mno, -a kupendelea; (foolish)
-jinga,-a kijinga, Be very fond of,
penda sana, pendelea, chunuka na.

Fondle, v. dembeleza.

Fondness, n. mahabba, mapenzi,
hawa, uchu.

Pont, n. (birika la Baptism, fonte}.

Food, n. chakula, makuli, kandi;
(necessary) 7:siki, nafuu; (on a
(journey) masarifu.

Pool, n. mpumbafu, mjinga; (dupe)
barathuls; (jester) mchekeshaji,
mcheshi. Make a fool of oneself,
jipumbaza, Fool! ng'ombe! nga-
mia! mbuzi! Play the fool with,
puzika na. A stupid fool, kayawani.

— v. susua, kulisha, pumbaza;
(neut.) jzpumbaza.

Foolery, n. ujinga, upumbafu.

Fool-hardy, a. |-a kujthatarisha
burre), -epest mno, -jasiri, pasipo
akili, -enyi wazimo.

Foolish, a. -pumbafu, -jinga, bostbost.
Foolish talk, wz7ineno. Become
foolish, #umbazika. He is foolish,
hana akili.

- Foolscap, n. | karatasi kubwa |).

Foot, n. (pl. Feet), mguu | mi- |), guu
(ma-|); (lower part) upande wa
chini, kipande cha chini, tako
[ma-]; (measure) (urefu wa mguu,

‘inches’ thenashara), futi; (soldier)
asikari. At the foot of (the hill),
chini ya (kilima). Fall on one's
feet, fanikiwa. Go on foot, enda
kwa miguu, enda chini. Set on
foot, anzisha, fanyiza.

Football, n. (mpira wa teke, mchezo

145

FORBEAR

wa kupiga teke mpira), mchezo wa
mpira

Foot-bridge, n. (daraja dogo la ku-
pisha watu |, ulalo, mtatago.

Foot-guards, n. asikari walinst.

Foothold, n. [fa kuwekea ao kute-
gemea miguu |, tegemeo la mguu.

Footing, n. pa kusimama, msinji;
(position) kikao; (starting-point)
mwanzo, chimbuko; (state) halt,
cheo. To make pay his footing,
kumshika hakals,

Footman, n. mtumishi | wa-).

Footmark, n. wayo [ny-], alama
ya mguu, mguu.

Footpad, n. mwivi | wevi |, pakacha
[wa- |.

Foot-passenger, n. [apifayenjiakwa
miguu), mpilaji, msafiri.

Footprint, n. = Footmark.

Foot-rule, n. fut, cheo, chenezo.

Foot-soldier, n. asikari.

Footstep, n. “ayo [ny-], hatua.

Foot-stool, n. kif? [cha kuegemesha
miguu |, ubau |wachini ya miguu |,
daraja.

Fop, n. mmalidadi (wa-}.

Foppery, n. umalidadi, ulimbwende,
unyungu.

Foppish, a. kimalidadi.

For, prep. Awa; (because of) kwa
sababu ya, kwa ajili ya; (instead
of) makali pa; (of direction) kwe-
nda kwa; (of time) muda wa,
mwendo wa. As for, lakini, kwa
habari ya. For nothing, burre.
For all the world, #za, kalisi. For
all I know, kadiri nijuavyo mimi.
Forasmuch as, kwa sababu, kwa
maana. For all that, yazapokuwa
haya, wallakini. For ever, hatta
milele. Ohfora gun! Ningekuwa
na bunduki ! niwe na bunduki {

conj. kwani.

Forage, n. chakula (cha nayam |,
malisha,

Y. tafuta Forage.

Foray, n. vita, shambulio, kuletavita.

Forbade, Forbad, p. t. ya Forbid.

Forbear, v. (p. t. Forbore, pf. t.
Forborns) chukua, vumilia, ji-

L

FORBEARANCE

zuia; (bear with) chukuliana na;
(refuse) kataa; (abstain from) sz
fanya, acha.

Forbearance, n. saburi, uvumilivu,

Forbearing, a. -eny Forbearance.

Forbid, v. (p. t. Forbade, pf. t.
Forbidden) gombeza, kataza, ka-
nya, katalia, piga rufuka, asa;
(prevent) zuza, katiza.

Forbidden, a. haramu, marufuku,
st halali.

pf. t. ya Forbid.

Forbidding, a. -a kuchukiza.

Forbore, p. t. Forborne, pf. t. ya
Forbear.

Force, v. /azimisha, tia nguvu,
tisha, pata| twaa,sukuma, endesha,
vunja) kwa nguvu; (by moral
means) shurulisha, bidisha;
(ravish) 2:kir2; (hasten growth)
tvisha, otesha upesi, Come into
force, [amrz] anza, -wa na nguvu.
He was forced to go, alikwenda
kwa shidda | kwa nguvu |).

nguvu, lasimu, sharti;
(energy) bidii, juhudi, uwezo;
(violence) jeuri, thulumu ; (army)
jeshi (la asikari, manowari, Stc.).

Forced, a. -4 lasimu, -a shidda, -a
kukaza. Make a forced march,
kaza mwendo. Forced meats,
maandast ya nyama tlryokolewa.
Forced labour, shogoa, hidima.

Forceps, n. £tkoleo.

Force-pump, n. bomba [la husuku-
miza maji JUU).

Forcible, a. -4 nguvu, hodari, -a
bidii.

Forcing, n. kuotesha upesi | maua,
matunda, miche),

Pord, n. kivuko.

—— v. vuka kwa miguu.

Fordable, a. -a kuendeka, -a kuvu-
kika.

Fore, n. upande wa mbele. To the
fore, mbele.

Forearm, n. mkono | Tangu kisigino
hatta kitanga).

— v. -pa selaha mbele, weka tayari
[Awa vita).

Forebode, v. ona mbele moyon: | ma-

——— n,

146

FOREPART

mbo mabaya yanayokuja), agua,
bashiri,

Foreboding, n. kuona mbele |ma-
baya |.

Forecast, v. Sst, bahatisha, agua.

—— n. maaguzt, bakatisho.

Forecastle, n. [sztaha ya gubeti ao
omo, sttaha ya mbele na chini yake |,

Foreclose, v. 2uza, komesha.

Forefather, n. baba, MBE, MAL.

Forefinger, n. kidole cha shahada,
shahada.

Fore-foot, n. mguu wa mbele.

Forego, v. acha, toa, jinyima, kataa.

Foregoing, a. -/otangulta, -lio-
kwisha nenwa. <A foregone con-
clusion, neno lililokwisha katika.

Foreground, n. mahali pa mbele
(kafika sanamu |).

Forehead, n. gaji la uso, kikomo
cha uso. A broad forehead, bapa
la uso. A projecting forehead,
komo la uso.

Foreign, a. -gent, -a kigeni,-a inchi
ngine; (distinct, irrelevant) mbali,
-stopasa. There is a foreign body
in his throat, kifu kimemkwama
koont.

Foreigner, n. mgeni |wa-), mja wa
maji, mtu wa inchi ngine, si
mzalia; (in Zanzibar, white man)
mzungu | wa-|.

Forejudge, v. kukumu kwa haraka,
kata shauri upesi.

Foreknow, v. (p. t. Foreknew,
pf. t. Foreknown) jua mbele.

Foreland, n. 7asi.

Forelock, n. panj ia.

Foreman, n. msimamizi | wa-).

Foremast, n. milingote wa mbele.

Forementioned, Forenamed, a,
-lionenwa kwanza, -a huka nyu-
ma. .

Foremost, a. -a mbele, -a kwanza,
kuu.

Forenoon, n. assubut.

Forensic, a. -a korti [ma mambo
yake, maneno yake |, -a barazans.

Foreordain, v. amuru mbele.

Forepart, n. upande wa mbele; (in
a dhow) gubeli, omo,

FORERUNNER

Forerunner, n. mtangulizi, muta-
kadamu.

Foresail, n. langu la mbele.
Foresee, v. (p. t. Foresaw, pf. t.
Foreseen) ona mbele, jua mbele.
Foreshadow, v. onyesha mbele Lewa

Jumbo, si wazi |.

Foreshew, = Foreshow.

Foreshorten, v. [andika vizuri ztto-
kezazo katika sanamu |.

Foreshow, v. (pf. t. Foreshown)
onyesha mbele.

Foresight, n. kuona mbele yataka-
yokuja, busara, akili,

Foreskin, n. "govt.

Forest, n. mwitu | miitu |, polt[ma-],
pululu | ma-|.

Forestall, v. (anticipate) sangulia,
kwaa kwanza; (obstruct) zeta,
Pinga njia.

Forester, n. msimamizi wa mwitu,
mkaa mwitunt,

Foretaste, n. kuonja mbele, malti-
mbuko, kupata mbele.

Foretell, v. (p.t. za pf. t. Foretold)
tabiri, bashiri, agua.

Forethought, n. busara, akili | ya
kutayari ao kuandalia mambo ya
baadaye |.

Foretoken, v. oa mbele mfano wa,
ashiria mbele.

Foretold, p. t. na pf. t. ya Foretell.

Forewarn, v. onya mbele.

Forfeit, v. jipotezea | kitu) kwa kosa,
slahils kutwalika, twalika, tupa,
Jihasiri, pasiwa athabu.

—— n. malipo | ya kosa), athabu,
hakamu, Butipa Jetha, ukombozi,
hasara. |

Forfeiture, n. kutwaltka | kwa sa-
babu ya kosa |, ukombozi.

Forgave, p. t. ya Forgive,

Forge, n. kiwanja cha mhunzi | mfua
chuma), meko ya mfua chuma.

v. (iron, &c.) fua; (make) fa-
nyiza; (make falsely) fanyiza isi-
vyo halali, iga kwa hila, jiandikia
uwongo, buni.

Forger, n. -enyi kuandika kwa
uwongo |kwa kusudi la kuda-
ng'anya), mbini.

147

FORMALITY

Forgery, BD. «din¢; (document).
mwandiko ultobuntka vibaya, hati
ya uwongo, kudanganya; (false
signature) sahiht ya uwongo. Itis
a forgery, si mkono wake, si sahihi
yake.

Forget, v. (p. t. Forgot, pf. t. For-
gotten) sahau, pitiwa, kosa kuku-
mbuka. Forget oneself, prtiwa.

Forgetful, a. -safaulifu.

Forgive, v. (p. t. Forgave, pf. t.
Forgiven) samehe, achilia. For-
give me, xétwze ratht, kunrathi,

Forgiving, a. -samche, -enyi hu-
rumd.

Forgot, p. t., Forgotten, pf. t. ya
Forget.

Fork, n. kuma (vt-]; (of a road,
river, tree, Sc.) panda [ma- |.

Forked, a. -emyi panda, kama kt-
uma.

Forlorn, a. masikini, -tupu, -enyt
kuachwa,-liotupwa, Forlornhope,
asikari wa mbele | katika kuendea
boma vitani), kundi la mashujaa
(tayari kujasiria yo yote); (great
danger) khatari kuu.

Form, n. umbo | ma-|, namna, sura;
(prescribed order) Zarafibu, kawa-
ida, desturi ; (pattern) mfano, cheo,
kiolezo; (elegance) uzuri, utaratibu,
malengeneo; (outward ‘show, un-
reality) mifano mitupu, matenda
matupu, dint pasipo maana, upu-
at, unafiki.

— vv. fanya, fanyiza, umba,

tengenesa; (train) ongoza; (be)
-wa, -wamo, -wa muscu, -wa
sehemu ya.

Formal, a. (prescribed) -a kawaida,
-a desturi, -a taratibu; (meaning-
less) -tupu, pasipo maana, -Puzi ;
(dull, uninteresting) sz -sr7, -st -a
kupendeza, si -a moyo, baridi.

Formalism, n. (kushika dini ao
desturi kwa sababu desturi, si kwa
akili, si kwa moyo), unafiki,

Formalist, n. mwenyi Formalism.

Formality, n. kawaida, desturi,
taratibu ; | kama Formalism],

La

FORMALLY

Formally, adv. kwa desturi, kwa
ginsi yake; (exactly) kalisi, sa-
htht.

Formation, n. kufanyiza, ginsi ya
kufanyiza, umbo, namna.

Formative, a. -4 kufanyiza.

Former, a. -4 kwanza, -a' zamani,
Jiopita.

Formerly, adv. kwanza, zamani.
Formidable, a. -a kutisha, -a kuho-
Jisha, -kubwa, -kalt, -enyt hatari.
Formula, n. (set form, rule) kanunt,
kawaida, amri, utaratibu; (written

directions) hali, kielezo,

Formulary, n. kitabu cha kanuni.

Pornicate, v. fanya uasherati, zini.

Fornication, n. washerati, uzinzi,
uhawara.

Pornicator, n. mwasherali, mzinzi

[wa-].

Forsake, v. (p. t. Forsook, pf. t.
Forsaken) acha, tupa, kataa.

Forsooth, adv. kweli, labuda, naona.

Forswear, v. (p. t. Forewore, pf. t.
Forsworn) kataa kabisa (kwa
kiapo), acha, kania,

Fort, n. ngome, boma, gereza, hu-
sunt.

Forte, n. nguvu, sifa. His special
forte, kasi yake haswa. His forte
is singing, nguvu sake ni katika
kuimba, yuna kuimbato, ni haswa
mwimbaji.

Forth, adv. (onwards) kwenda mbele,
mbele, tena; (outwards) kwenda
nje, kutoka nje, nje. And so forth,
na vingine vile vile.

Forthcoming, a. Zayari kutokea, a-
pili, -naokuja.

Forthwith, adv. marra moja, marra
htyo, sasa hivi.

Fortieth, a. -a arobaini.

Fortification, n. kufia boma, boma.

Fortify, v. #a boma; (strengthen)
tia nguvu, fanya imara.

Fortitude, n. nguvu, uhodari, moyo
mgumu.

Fortnight, n. juma mbili, siku kumi

na "AN.

Fortnightly, a. -a killa siku ya kumi

na "nn.

148

FOUND

Fortress, n. [Fort kubwa).

Fortuitous, a. -a bahkatt, -a nasibu,
-a Muungu.

heri, -a heri, -a ba-

Fortune, n. bahati, masibu ; (destiny)
ajali; (condition) hali, ‘cheo, ma-
mbo; (success) kufanikiwa, heri;
(wealth) mali, utajiri, ras il mali.
A large fortune, mali nyingi. A
man of fortune, Zajiri (ma-),

Fortune-hunter, n. [aposaye mke
kwa ajili ya mali sake},

Fortune-teller, n. mpiga ramli.

Forty, n. sa a. arobaini.

Forward, Forwards, adv. mbele,
kwenda mbele, kuzidi kuendelea.
Forward! kaya!

a. fayart, -epesi, -tangulifu; .

(hasty, officious) -a karaka, si

-enyi haya, -fithuls,

v. endesha, himiza, sayidta.
Forward letters, abzlisha nyaraka.

Forwardness, n. wepest, ufithuls,

Fossil, n. na a. | mabaki ya nyama
ao mimea ya zamani, yaliyogeuka
mawe, yakachimbuka chint), -lio-
gtuka jiwe ; (antiquated) -a kikale.

Fossiliferous, a. -enyz Fossils.

Fossilise, v. geusa jiwe.

Foster, v. /ea, lisha; (promote)
ongeza, chochea, kaza.

Foster-brother, -sister, n. ndugu
kunyonya.

Foster-child, n. mfofo wa kunyonya.

Foster-parent, n. baba ya kulea,
baba mdogo, mama wa kunyonye-
sha,

Fought, p. t. na pf. t. ya Fight.

Foul, a. -chafu, takataka, -najtst,
-baya. Fall foul of, fambana na,
gombana na.

—— v. ta taka, najisi, chafua.

Foul-mouthed, a. -2 kutukana.

Foulness, n. B uchafu, ukoo, taka,

Found, v. madini na mi-
mina zaka i kalibu), subu, [w sta ;
(lay foundation of, establish) weka
msinji wa, weka imara, kaza, thu
butisha; (institute) assiska,
mwanzo |asili, shina) wa.

FOUND

Found, p. t. a pf. t. ya Find.

Foundation, n. msinji (mi- |), shina,
asili ; (reason) sababu, hoja; (en-
dowment) mali wakfu. A religious
foundation, nyumba wakfu. To
be on an educational foundation,
kupata malezi burre.

Pounder, n. fundi wa kusubu;
(originator) mwenyi kuanzisha,
asifi, mwanzo.

—— v. sama, tota, didimia,

Foundling, n. mtoto wa kuokota.

Foundry, n. kiwanja (cha kusubia
madini, cha mfua chuma, cha kazi
za wahunzi|.

Fount, Fountain, n. (bomba ya
kurusha maji juu kwa nguvu);
(spring) chemchemi, kisima;
(source) asili, mwanzo, shina.

Fountain-head, n. jicho la maji;
(source) mwanzo.

Four, n. sa a. "nne, -'nne, aroba.

Pourfold, a, marra "nne.

Pour-in-hand, n. gars ki fvasi
wanne.

Fourteen, n. sa a. arobatashara.

Fourth, a. -4 "nne.

Powl, n. kuku ; (bird) ndege.

Fox, n. mbweha; (cheat) ayart.

Fox-hound, n. mbwa wa kuwinda
mbweha.

Fracas, n. uthia, fitina, ugomvi,

Fraction, n. sehemu,nussu, kipande,
mkato (ms-).

Fractional, a. n4ssu, kidogo.

Fractious, a. -tukutu, -a kusumbua,
-gomut, chuki.

Fracture, n. mvunjo, kivunjo. He
has a fracture of the leg, amevu-
njika mguu.

—— V. vunja.

Fragile, a. -a kuvunjika upesi,

thatfu.
Fragility, n. kali ya Fragile.
Fragment, n. kipande, sehemu,
NUSU.

Fragmentary, a. vipande vipande,
-stolengenezwa, si faralibu, si
ZIMA.

Fragrance, Fragrancy, n. kunuka-
to, utamu | wa kunukia), manuka,

149

PREAK

Fragrant, a. -a kunukia, -tamu.

Frail, a. thatfu, -kosefu.

eet n. wthatfu; (failing) kosa
[ma- |.

Frame, v. fanya, fanyiza, tengene-
za; (invent) tunga, buni; (put in
frame) zungushia mbau (chuma).
Be framed together, fandana, sht-
kana.

—— n. mwili, maungo; (state)
halt, tabia; (framework) mbau,
mali, kiunzi ; (iron) chuma.

Framework, n. (skeleton) mifupa ;
(in building) majengo; (of wood)
kiunzi, mili; (scaffold) jukwaa.

Pranc, n. robo ya kifransa.

France, n. Fransa, Ufransa.

Franchise, n. (ruhusa ya serkali,
haki ya halali, ruhusa ao haki ya
kuchagua mfalme ao mtawala ao
mtu wa baraza), ungwana,
WENnyeji.,

Frank, a. -nyofu, -sema kweli, -ku-
mjufu.

——YV. | peleka burre pasipo kutoza
kodi |.

Frankincense, n. bani, buhuri,
uvumba.

Prankness, n. unyofu, ukunjufu.

Frantic, a. -e2t waztmo, -a mahoka,
-a kufanya kama waszimo, -a ku-
rusha akili.

Fraternal, a. -a ndugu, -a rafiki.

Fraternity, n. udugu, urafiki;
(society) chama, sharika, jamii
(ya watu wenyi halt moja |.

Fraternize, v. fanya urafiki, -la
pamoja, kaa kama ndugu.

Fratricide, n. (person) mwaa ndugu ;
(act) kuua ndugu.

Fraud, n. hadaa, madanganya, hila,
ukope.

Fraudulent, a. -kopi, -tvt, -dangae
nyifu, -a hila.

Fraught (with),a. -emyt, -enyt kuleta,
-enyi shehena ya.

Fray, v. chakaza, haribu kwa ku-
sugua, fumua,

Freak, n. mchezo, mzaha, jambo
gent, kizushi. Freak of nature,
kiumbe kigeni, ajabu, kizushi.

FRECKLE

Freckle, n. doa [ma-]}.

' Free, a. -huru, -ngwana; (rude)
pasipo adabu; (alone) peke yake ;
(unconfined) -eny: kufunguliwa
[Auachthwa, ruhusa); (unen-
gaged) pasipo kazi, faragha;
(voluntary) Pasipo lasimu, billa
sharti, -enyt thtiari | kujiweza,
kuchagua); (gratuitous) burre;
(liberal) -karému; (open, unre-

_ Strained) -kunjufu, pasipo kiasi;
(public) wazi, -a watu wote.

ree from, pasipo. Free of cost
or expense, pastpo hesabu, burre.
Have a free hand, -wa na nafasi,
fanya upendavyo, st zuiwa na mtu.
A free agent, mwenyi thttari,
mfanya apendavyo pasipo lasimu.
A free port, bandari wazi | ya kutu-
mika na wole pasipo kodi ao
ushuru). A free school, education,
chuo | malesi) ya burre, kufundi-
shwa burre. Free thought, (aza
za Free-thinker]. Free trade,
(ufanya biashara pasipo kulipa

odt ao ushuru). Free labour,
kutumia wangwana ao watu wa
mshahara,siutumwa). Free will,
thtiari, kuchagua, (uwezo wa
kuchagua ao mema ao mabaya
pasipo lasimu wala kushurutish-
wa). Make free with, fumza pasipo
ruhusa,tumilia mbali. Make free
to, thubutu.

weka huru, tia huru,
andikia, fungua; (from prison)
pa fungua; (ransom) komboa,

3.

Freebooter, n. mnyang'anyi [wa-],
haramia.

Freedman, n. mngwana [wa-],
huru |ma-).

Freedom, n. [als ya kuwa Free,
a.|,whure, ungwana; (permission)
ruksa, ruhusa; (choice) thttars ;
(frankness) unyofu, ukunjufu.

Free-handed, a. -karimu, -paji,
enyi mlango mzuri.

Freehold, n. (shamba listlopasiwa
kodi ao ushuru; milki, st ya ku-
panga). .

— Vv.

150

FRESH

Free-liver, n. mfanya yo yote (mlafi,
mlevi, mwasherati).

Free-love, n. uasherati, mazini.

Freely, adv. dil/a lasimu, si kwa
sharti, kwa moyo, tele, sana, 8c.
(Zaz. Free, a.).

Freemason, n. [mtu wa chama
kuu tangu kale ya watu wengi
waliojifunga kwa kiapo cha siri
kufuata desturi njema na kusa-
yidiana|.

Freemasonry, n. [ha/i ya Free-
mason |.

Freestone, n. (mawe yenyi mchanga,
si magumu sana).

Free-thinker, n. ashikaye nia zake
[Awa mambo ya dint asifuate
Maandiko Matakatifu wale «mani
ya kimasthiya; astyeshika dini,
kafiri), mzushi (wa-).

Free-thinking, Free thought, n.
(aza sa Free-thinker |, usushi,

Freese, v. (p. t. Frose, pf. t.
Frosen) ganda kwa baridi, ga-

ndamiza, gandamana.

Freight, n. shkehena; (cost of
shipping) saudi, mapakisi. Pay
freight for, takabithiska. Receive
on frei ht, takabithe.

v. shehentsha.

French, a. -a kifransa, -fransa.

Frensy, n. wastmo, mahoka, pepo,
shetani.

Frequency, n. kufanyika marra
kwa marra, wingi.

Frequent, a. -a2 marra kwa marwa,
marra nyingi. A freguent visitor,
mzoefu wa hapa.

—— v. endea | mahali) marra kwa
marra.

Frequented, a. falipo watu wengi,
-a kujika na watu.

Fresco, n. |sanamu ya kupaka rangi
Juu ya chokaa bichi ukutani).

Fresh, a. -bichi, -pya, -ngine;
(recent) -a sasa, -a juzijuzi, -pya ;
(ready) Zayari. Make a fresh
start, anza fena. Fresh com-
plexion, «so mwekundu. Fresh
wind, upepo mwingi, baridi nyingi.
Fresh water, maji matamu | ya pepo,

FRESHEN

ya baridt), Heisfresh from (school,
&c.), ametoka sasa hivi katika.

Freshen, v. burudisha; (wind) zidi,
kaza.

Freshet, n. mfo |mi-), gharika,
mafuriko.

Fret, v. sumbua, chokoza, (neut.)
sumbuka, jitia uchungu; (wear
away) chakaza, (neut.) chakaa;
(chafe) arusa, wasia.

Fretful, a. -tukutu, -chungu, -a ku-
sumbua. j

Fretwork, n. nakshi, machoro.

Friable, a. -a kufikichika, -a kumu-
munika, “tifutifu.

Friar, n. kama Monk.

Fricassee, n. [maandasi ya nyama).

Friction, n.kusugua, msuguo, mkwa-
ruzo, kutua, kutuana; (quarrel)
ugomvi, mabishano, mazutzo.

Friday, n. jumaa, ijumaa. Good
Friday, (siku kuu ya kusulibiwa
Isa Masiya), Jumaa Kuu.

Friend, n. rafiki, mwenst, sahibu
(Ar.); (especial, great) msishi;
(confidential) mstr2, msefiri; (sup-
porter) mpenda, mpendelea, msai-
dia. Make friends, zafana, fanyana
urafiki ; (blood-fellowship) chanji-
ana. He is a friend of native
education, apenda watu wenst wa-
Some. Come in, my friend! karibu,
somo !

Friendless, a. pasipo rafiki, hana
[Aawana] rafiki.

Friendly, a. -ole, -ema, -2uri.

Friendship, n. urafiki, upendano,
usuhuba.

Frigate, n. (manowari ya zamani).

Fright, n. hofu, woga, tisho; (shock)
kituko, kishindo.

Frighten, v. ogofya, ogofisha, tia
hofu, hofisha, tisha, stusha. Be
frightened, ingiwa na hofu, stuka,
stushwa.

F¥rightful, a. -a kutisha, -a kitisho,

Frigid, a. baridi, -a kuchukiza.
Frigid zone, (sehemu ya dunia
yenyi baridi kali|.

Frigidity, n. ubaridi, machukizo.

Frill, n. kama Fringe.

151

FROWN

Pringe,n. matamvua,taraza; (edge)
ukingo, mpaka.

Frippery, n. nguo hafifu, takataka.

Frisk, v. chesachesa | kama waana
mbuzi), rukaruka, jitapatapa kwa

furaha, randa.

Frisky, a. -a kuchezacheza.

Fritter, n. (waandasi kama kitu-
mbua).

(away), v. katakata, haribu,
poteza.

Frivolity, n. upuzi, Mazungumzo
ya burre, micheso, uhafifu, &c.

Frivolous, a. hafifu, pasipo maana,
-puzi.

Frizsle, v. sokota (nyele); (with
heat) kanga, ungua.

Fro, adv. To and fro, kwenda na
kurudi, huko na huko. .

Frock, n. | nguo ya mwanamke, shili
ya kizungu |, leitei | ma- |),

Frog, n. chura (vy-}.

Frolic, n. mchezo, mzaha.

Frolicsome, a. -a kuchezacheza.

From, prep. kwa, katika, toka,
langu, -ni, kwa sababu ya. He is
from home, hako kwake, ametoka.
What is it from? sababu yake
nini? Where are you from? ume-
toka wapi? 1 am from the main-
land, nimetoka mrima.

Frond, n. kifawi [v2-]}.

Front, v. kabili, lekea.

n. upande wa mbele, pa mbele,
uso; (ofa house) ngao ya nyumba.
In front of, mbele ya. Put in front,
weka mbele, tangultsa, lekeza.

Frontage, n. upande wa mbele (wa
nyumba ao shamba |.

Frontier, n. mpaka |mi- |.

Frontispiece, n. [sanamu ao chapa
nzuri mwanzoni pa chuo),

Frost, n. | baridi kali, vidogo vidogo
vya theluji, umande ulioganda |.

Frosty, a. -4 Frost.

Froth, n. povu; (folly) upuzi.

Frothy, a. -a povu, -a kuumka;
(silly) -puzr.

Froward, a. -shupafu, -kaidi.

Frowardness, n. ushupafu.

Frown, v. kunja uso, kunja vipaji.

FROWZY

Frown on (show aversion to),
chukia. He has a frowning face,
uso wake umekunjamana.

Frowsy, a. -a kunuka, -kukuu, -koo.

Frose, Frozen, p. t. za pf. t. ya
Freese.

Fructify, v. saa | mafunda|.

Frugal, a. -a kzast, -a kula kidogo.
A frugal meal, chakula kidogo,
uchache wa chakula.

Frugality, n. ktasi, uchache.

Fruit, n. funda (| ma-), zao (ma-];
(profit) fayida, chumo; (result)
mwisho.

Fruiterer, n. mwuza matunda.
Fruitful, a. -sazt, -a kuzaa sana;
(profitable) -a fayida, -a kufaa.
Fruition, n. uchumi, kufurahia,

matumizi.

Fruitless, a. burre, pasipo fayida,
-stofaa.

Frustrate, v. batili, vunja, shinda,
zuta.

Frustration, n. ubatilisho, mvunjo,
MaAZUtZo.

Fry, v. kanga.

—— n. (small fish) samaki ndogo,
dagaa, chakula kilichokangwa.

Frying-pan, n. (metal) fawa [ma-};
(earthen) kango, kikango.

Fudge, inter). mawe! héfule!

Fuel, n. (sticks) 42; (coals) makaa.

Fugitive, n. mkimbizi [wa-}|, mtoro
[wa-], mfukuss [wa-]; (passing)
-a kupita, -a kupotea.

Fugue, n. | uzmbowakufuatana sautt
taratibu kwa ulinganifu mzuri).
Fulcrum, n. kifu | jiwe, kijiti, Stc.)

cha kuegemea, egemeo.

Fulfil,v. smztsa,timiliza; (a promise)
tekelesa, fikiliza, maliza, kwisha.
Fulfilment, n. mwisho, ulimilizo,

kutekelea.

Full, a. -enyi kujaa, -liojaa, -enyi
tele; (abundant) -ingz, cele, -a ku”
tosha; (complete, whole) -zima,
-ote, kamili, kabisa, halisi; (con-
tent) -enyi urathi, -a kushiba;
(devoted to) -enyt kujitia kabisa,
-a kushughulika(ma)}. Fall moon,
mwezi mkubwa an mauara |.

152

FUNDAMENT

Of full age, -ztma. A full heart,
moyo wa huzuni (wa fikara\. A
full meal, kushiba, shibe, Brim-
ful, furifuri, farafara, Full of
talk, -tngi wa maneno. A full
account, hadith? yote, habari sote.
A full stop, £:komo, (alama hRtiV(.)).
In full, kamili, kabisa, -ofe. Be in
full swing, sizawi. Be quite full
(brimful, full up) jaa farafara.

Full-grown, Full-blown, a. -sevz,
-kuza; (of men) -sima. Become
full-grown, pevuka, komaa, pata
kimo.

Fullness, n. (kali ya kuwa Fall),
kujaa, ujalifu; (satiety) ukinaifu,
kushiba ; (completion) utimilifu.

Fully, Full, adv. kabisa, sana.

Fulminate, v. toa ngurumo, vuma ;
(threaten) toa ukali [maneno ya
makelele, ya ghathabu), ogofya,
kamia.

Fulmination, n. makelele, ghathabu,
amri kali, makamto.

Fulsome, a. -a kusifu mno, -a ku-
kinaisha, -ingi mno.

Fumble, v. papasa, sttasita, boru-
gaboru

Fume, en asma, vukizo, uvuke;
(anger) hasira.

v. kasirika. A faming passion,
ghathabu kali.

Fumigate, v. wukiza, ha moshi,
takasa kwa vukizo |mosht), tia
mafusho | mafukizo |.

Fumigation, n. uvukizo, utakaso
kwa moshi, marashi, &c.)|, ma-
Susho,

Fun, n. mchezo, mzaha, macheko.

Function, n. kasi, matumizi.

Functional, a. -a kutenda kazi,
katika kutenda kazi.

Functionary, n. mwenyi kuamriwa
kazi, mtu wa serkali, mtumishi.

Fund, n. (jamii ao fungu zima la
fetha, vas il mali, mali ya asili),
fetha; (abundance) akiba, wingi.
The funds, fetha ya serkali. To
invest in the funds, kuweka fetha
kwa serkali.

Fundament, n. mafako, mkundu.

FUNDAMENTAL

Fundamental, a. -a asi/t, -a kwanza,
-kubwa.

Funeral, n. #masiko. Requisites for
funeral, mazishi,maztkwa. Provide
a funeral, sista. Attend a funeral,
enda kustkani | mazikoni). Perform
funeral service, soma fditha. Make
funeral arrangements, fengeneza
andao la mauti.

Funereal, a. -a kukaa matanga, -a
kuugulia, -a huzuni; (dark) -cust.

Fungus, n. yoga [ma-], kama

uyoga.

Funnel, n. kikopo (cha kupishia
maji, kipana juu na chembamba
chint), mwanzi, mrija; (chimney)
bomba, dohani. Funnel-shaped,
kama kawa.

Funny, a. -4a mzaha, -a kucheka,
-cheshi,-chekeshaji; (strange)-gen:,
ajabu. ji

Fur, n. manyoya | ya nyama), nyele
ndogo ndogo, ngozi ya manyoya.

Furbish, v. sugua, katua, ngariza.

Furious, a. -4 ghathabu, -a kishe-
tant, -enyi ukali mno.

Furl, v. kunja [matanga).

Furlong, n. | ima mia na kumi,
themuni ya Mile).

Furlough, n. ruhusa [ya mtu wa
serkali, asikari |, ruhusa, kuachi-
wa, lkizo,

Furnace, n. (for baking pottery, &c.)
joko; (for metal) kalibu; (bricks,
Sc.) fanuu.

Furnish, v. toa, -pa, patia, pasha;
(a house) Jamba. Furnished with,
enyi. <A furnished house, nyumba
na vyombo ndani, nyumba pamoja
na mapambo.

Furniture, n. pambo la nyumba,

vyombo, vifaa.

Furrier, n. mwuza ngozi za man-
JOYE.

Furrow, n. mfuo [mi-|, mkondo
(ms-]; (wrinkle, crease) kunjo
[ma-], finyo (ma-].

Further, a. -a mbele, -a zayidi, -a
mbali zayidi.

—— adv. mbele, zayidi, tena, mbali
zayidi.

153

GADFLY

Further, v. sayidia, endesha, endele-
za, himiza.

Furtherance, n. msaada, maendelezi,
maongozi, kuendesha.

Furthermore, adv. sayidi, tena.

Furthermost, Furthest, a. -a mbele
sana, -mbali kabisa, -a mwisho.

Furtive, a. -a kila, -a siri, -a ujanja.

Fury, n. ushetani, ghathabu kali,

Furse, Furze-bush, n. mchongoma
[mi-, wa kizungu wenyi maua|.

Fuse, v. yeyusha.

——., Fusee, n. fataki, kiberiti.

Fusibility, n. kuyeyuka.

Fusible, a. -a kuyeyuka.

Fusilier, n. mwenyi bunduki, asi-
kari.

Fusillade, n. | bunduki nyingi ku-
piga pamoja |.
Fusion, n. kali ya kuyeyuka, kuye-
yusha; (mixture) mchanganyiko.
Fuss, n. uthia, makelele, fujo, ha-
raka, ghasia.

Fussy, a.-aharakaharaka,-sumbufu,
-tukutu.

Fustian, n. [mguo gumu nene, kama
gunia |.

Fusty, a. -4 kuchakaa, -bovu, -a
kunuka | kama kitu kikukuu|.

Futile, a. -a burre, -stofaa.

Futility, n. udatil:, matupu, kutofaa.

Future, a. za n. -a wakati ujao, -a
baadaye, -a kuja halafu, -a pili,
-ngine. For the future, baadaye,
tangu leo, tokea hapa. .

Puturity, n. wakali ujao, wakali
wa | hali ya, mambo ya | baadaye,
ahera.

Fuze, n. 7az. Fuse, n.

G.

Gabble, v. sayuka, piga domo,

—— n. mapayo, domo, vijineno.

Gable, n. faa [ma-), hipaa |vi- ) ; (in
front) ngao ya nyumba.

Gad (about), v. tembeatembea, 2u-
nguka, zinga, tangatanga. She
does not gad about, kana kilango.

Gadfly, n. Jaange. ’

GAFF

Gaff, n. (mkuki wa kuvulia samaki
majini|, chocho (vy-), chusa |vy- |,

Gag, v. ziba [ fungia| kinwa; (si-
lence) nyamazisha.

—— n. kizibo cha kinwa.

Gage, n. amana, rahani, arabuni;
(as challenge) amana ya kupi-
ganiwa.

Gaiety, n. furaha, ukunjufu, mi-

Gaily, adv. kwa furaha, kwa sha-
ngwe.
Gain,

[ma-}.
pata fayida, chuma, pata;
(a "battle) shinda; (reach) fika,
patia. Gain ground, endelea mbele.
Gain strength (after illness),
Jimudu, jipa nguvu, sichukua.
Gain on (upon), patia, shinda;
(encroach on) j#ingisa. katika, -la.
Gainings, n. mapato, fayida.
Gainsay, v. (p.t .#a pf. t. Gainsaid)
shindanta, gombanta, teta na.
Gait, n. mwendo.
Gaiter, n. |kifumiko cha mguu toka
gott hatta chini|.
Gala, n. Jahari, Tamasha, siku kuu.
Galazy, n. Jamii nzuri.
Galbanum, n. #bani.

Gale, n. pepo, pepo nyingi, Ihdruba

ya pepo.

Gall, n. safura ; (bitterness) uchungu,
ukali.

v. washa, sumbua, kasirisha.

Gallant, a. hodars, Jahili, -gumu,
shujaa; (gay) -suri, -a urembo;
KCechivalrous) |, (-a kujipendekeza kwa

waanake |,

— n, kijana mmalidadi.

Gallantry, n. (courage) ujahili,
ushujaa; (chivalry) kujipendekeza
kwa waanake.

Gallery, n. chumba (kirefu); Wa
sage) ujia | mrefu mwemba
(balcony) roshanz; (for awa
Sc.) nyumba [ya sanamu, tas-
wira).

Galley, n.chombo[vy-]; (ship’s boat)
mashua ya manowari; (ship's
kitchen) jiko la merikebuni,

n. fayida, uchumi, pato

154

GAOL

Galley-slave, n. (mtumwa avutaye
kasia katika chombo).

Gallinaceous, a. -2 kuku, kama
kuku.

Gallon, n. (kipimo cha kiingereza
kama pishi mbili).

Gallop, v. enda mbio, enda kwa
shoti, piga sholi, enda kwa kuruka.

——— n. mwendo wa shoti,

Gallows, n. jukwaa | ya kutundikia
mtu mbaya kwa athabu ya mauti,
kama miimo miwili na kisingili
cha juu).

Galvanism, n., Galvanic, a. (tama
Electricity, Bleotrio], sazidu
(Ar.).

Gamble, v. chesea fetha, shindana
kwa masharti, bahatisha; (with
dice, cards) chesa dado | karta| kwa
fetha, Get by gambling from,
paria, sat.

Gambling, n. kuchezea fetha, &c.
(Zaz. Gamble).

Gamboge, n. (rangi kama manjano).

Gambol, v. randa, rukaruka, cheza.

— n. mchexo [ ms-], kuranda.

Game, n. mcheso (mi-), cheso (ma-1,
shindano | ma-), sungumzo |ma- |;
(animals hunted) mawindo, nyama
(ndege) za kuwinda ; (plan) shau-
rs. Make game of, suzua, thihaki.

— a. jasiri, -gumu, hodari.

Game-keeper, n. miiazi (wa nyama
sa kuwinda katika shamba}.

Gamester, n. msoefu wa Gamb-
ling

Gaming, n.(7as, Gambling) Auche-
sea fetha, Sc.

Gamut, n. (Zaz. Scale) | sami? ya
Sault nane sa ngoma).

Gander, n. data ndume la Bukinz.

Gang, n. kundi, jamii | ya watu,
zayidi watumwa ao wabaya |.

Ganglion, n. fundo la Nerve,
fundo la mshipi.

Gangrene, n. kwsa cha nyama,
nyama mm.

Gangway, n. ulalo, ubau (wa kus-
ngilia merikebuni).

Gannet, n. | ndege ya bahari).

Gaol, n. ki Ngo, Minyororo, geresa.

GAOLER

Gaoler, n. milinst wa Gaol, bawabu
wa kifungo.

Gap, n. ufa [ny-]; (in teeth, &c.)
pengo; (pass) mwanya (mi-),
mlango kaa (interval) nafasi,
mahali pa kati

Gape, v. fumbua kinwa, simama
kinwa wazi, pumbaa ; (yawn) piga
miayo.

Garb, n. zazi [ma-], nguo.

Garbage, n. matumbo ya nyama;
(refuse) mataka, matakata,

Garble, v. geuza vibaya makusudi,
haribu, ghoshi.

Garden, n. busfani, shamba la maua.
Kitchen-garden, shamba la mboga.

Gardener, n, miinsit wa bustani.

Gardening, n. kilimo cha bustani.

Gargle, n. dawa ya kusukutua.

—— v. sukulua.

Garland, n. shada ya maua, masongo.

Garlic, n. kifungu sumu.

Garment, n. vazi [ma-]}, vao [ma-],
nguo.

Garner, n. gala.

Garnet, n. | kito chekundu).

Garnish, v. pamba.

Garret, n. kijumba | kipenu, kibanda)
cha juu orofani.

Garrison, n. asikari | walinsi wa
ngome ao mjij.

— v. tra walinzi (ngomeni, mjini),
weka asikari katika.

Garrotte, v. songa (kwa kamba na
ufito).

Garrulity, n. kupayapaya, domo,
usemi Mwingi, maneno Mengi.

Garrulous, a . -payapaya, -piga do-

Garter, n. [wkanda wa kufungia
gottnt; (as decoration) alama ya
cheo cha heshima kubwa sana In-
gereza |.

Gas, n. hewa, kitu kama hewa;
(for lighting) hewa ya kuwaka.

Gasconade, n, kupiga chuku, maji-
vuno.

Gaseous, a. kama Gas.

Gash, v. ata, katia, tema, chanja,

: Zoja; (tattoo) boja,

—— n. (for ornament) tojo, chale,

155

GBESE

Gasometer, n. (chombo cha kupimia
ao cha kuwekea Gas |.

Gasp, v. kokota roho, vuta pumuzi,
tweta,

—n. pumust ya shidda, kutweta.
At the last gasp, katika kukata
roho, kufans.

Gastric, a. -a fumbo.

Gastronomy, n. elimu ya upishi.

Gate, Gateway, n. mlango [mi-],
lango | ma-|.

Gate-keeper, n. bawabu wa mlango,
mngoje mlango.

Gather, v. kusanya, kutanisha,
{nent.) kusanyika, kutantka; (of
Tuit) chuma; (maize, &c.) goboa,
konyoa; (conclude) fahamu; (of
a boil, &c.) fanya | tunga | usaha.

Gathering, n. mkutano, kusanyiko ;
(harvest) kuchuma ([matunda),
mavuno; (boil) jipu.

Gaudy, a. -a umalidadi, -a urembo,
-a fahari,

Gauge, n. (carpenter’s) mahats ;
(size) cheo; (measure) kipande cha

kupimia.

— v. pima, kadirisha, hesabu.

Gaunt, a. -2 kukonda, -gofu.

Gauntlet, n. mfuko wa mkono (wa
kutumikavitant). Runthe gaunt-
let, [ jitia hatarini mwa maisha,
vumilia mapigo ao matukano ao
athabu kali).

Gauze, n. (nguo nyembamba sana
ya kupenya jicho|.

Gave, p. t. ya Give.

Gay, a. -a furaha, -a kucheka, -a
kucheza. Live a gay life, fanya
uzuri, chezachesa,

Gaze, v. Zazama, kodoa, kaza macho.

—— n. fazamo | ma-|.

Gaselle, n. faa.

Gazette, n. | karatasi yenyi kuandi-
kiwa habari za mambo mengi),
gasets.

Gasetteer,n. kamusi ya Geography.

Gasing-stock, n. kifu cha kuchekwa,
tweézo,

Gear, n. vyombo, samani, mata-
ndiko, vifaa.

Geese, pl. ya Goose.

GBELD

Geld, v. kasi,

Gelding, n. frasi mhast, maksai.

Gem, n. kito cha thamani, johari;
(treasure) kifu kizuri sana, kiroja.

Gender, n. ginst [Awa kuwa kiume
ao kike).

Genealogical, a. -a Genealogy.

Genealogy, n Chati ya majina ya
Jamaa tangu zamant |, nasaba, hati
ya vizazi, ukoo.

General, a. -a vitu vyote, -a mambo
yote, -a watu wote, -a vitu (mambo,
wafu | vingi; (common) -a desturi,
-a siku zole. General idea, outline,
sketch, dokezo [ma-], mamna. A
general statement, generality, [eno
moja juu ya vitu vingi, St maana
moja, st halisi), kijuujuu, dokezo
(ma- |. In general, generally, marra
nyingi, kwa wafu wengi, kwa
desturi, mahali pengi, kote kote.

emadars |ma-), mkuu wa
Jeshi la asikari.

Generality, n. kuwa General, a.;
(greater number) wingi, jamta;
(general statement) neno la kijuu-
juu, si halisi, st baini.

Generalization, n. = General
statement.

Generalize, v. (take general view)
(angalia -ote pamoja, st moja moja);
(extend meaning of) enesa | kwa
vitu vingi habari ya kimoja ao
vichache), vuta maana.

Generally, adv. marra nyingi (Tas.
General, a.). Generally speak-
ing, to speak generally, desturi,
Marra nyingi.

Generalship, n. (asi ya General,
n.), maarifa ya vita, mashauri.
Generate, v. saa; (produce) /a-

nyiza.

Generation, n. #zasi, kuzaa, ku-
fanyiza; (people of one age)
watu wa wakati fullani, kizazi
[ose]; (time, era) zamani, siku,

Generative, a, -@ kusaa, -sast.
Generative organs, = Sexual organs.

Generic, a, [-2 vite vyote vyenyi
ginsi moja fullant, -a vitu vingi
pamoja), -a ginsi,

156

GEOLOGIST

Generosity, n. ukarimu, upaji, utu
mwema, Wema.

Generous, a, (liberal) karimu, paji;
(noble, good) -ema, -2urt; (abun-

dant) -sngt, -enyi kuloa nyingi;
(wine) -a nguvu, -ema.

Genesis, n. | kitabu cha kwanza cha
Bible ya kimasthiya, Mwanzo);
(production) uzast, mwanso,

Genial, a. -a kucheka, -kunjufu, -a
kutia furaha. Be yenial, chang’a-
mka,

Geniality, n. ukunjufu, wema, upole.

Genitals, n. = Sexual organs.

Genius, n. jiri [ma-), pepo; (great
talent) akili halisi; (disposition)
akili, tabia; (special capacity) we-
lekevu, nguvu; (characteristic) Z0-

fauti, mtindo.

Genteel, a.-ungwana,-a kiungwana,
-2 adabu, -zuri.

Gentile, a. ss Myahudi, mgeni, ka-

Jiri (ma-).

Gentility, n. adabu, uzuri, jamala.

Gentle, a. -pole, -tulivu, st -enyi
makelele (ukali, nguvu |, makini ;
(of wind, water) -anana; (of birth)
-ungwana,

Gentleman, n. mngwana ([wa-],
mstaarabu, Gentlemen and ladies
(in addressing an audience), enyi
bwana wangu mwaltohuthuru. Set
up asa gentleman, ingia usherehe.

Gentlemanly, a. -a adabu, -a kim
ungwana, -a adili.

Gentleness, n. ufole, Sc. (Tas.
Gentle).

Gentry, Gentlefolk, n. wangwana,
wakubwa.

Genuflection, n. kufiga maguti,

Genuine, a. kalisi, -stoghoshiwa, -a
kwelt, safi, ema, -suri.

Genus, n. mbegu, gins?, namna, aina.

Geographer, n. mfu mwenyi kujua
Geography.

Geographical, a. -a Geography.

Geography, n. climu ya mahals pote
pa dunia, | jografa |.

Geological, a. -2 Geology.

Geologist, n. mfu mwenyi kujua
Geology.

GEOLOGY

Geology, n. (elimu ya mawe udongo
na vitu vya ndani ya inchi),

Geometrical, a. -4 Geometry.

Geometry, n. [emu ya kupima na
kulinganisha vitu kwa ukubwa do

kwa sura yao |.
Germ, n. (Zaz. Bacillus); (fetus)
mimba, tungama, mbegu, yat

[mea-]; (source) mwanzo, asili.
rman, n. a a. -dachi,
Germany ; (language) Aidacht.

Germane, a. -4 karibu, -a kupasa.

Germinal, a. -a Germ.

Germinate, v. kua, chipuka, anza.

Gestation, n. kuchukua mimba.

Gesticulate, v. funga | tikisa ) mkono,
[ jongeza mkono ao mguu huko na
huko\, ashiria [onyaonya| kwa
mikono, fanya ishara. '

Gesticulation, n. kupunga mkono,
kutumia mikono, &c. (Taz. Gese
ticulate).

Gesture, n. sama Gesticulation.
He made a gesture of dissent,
alionyesha hakubali.

Get, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Got) pata; (be-
come) pata kuwa, ingia ; (induce)
shawishi, ongoza, shurutisha;
(cause to be) fanyiza, amuru
(kufanyika). Get across, waka,
Jika ng'ambo. Get ahead, tangu-
fia, pita, shinda. Get along!
nenda zako! Get angry, futska,
kasirika, fanya ukali. Get better,
pona, -wa hajambo. Get the better
of, shinda, pita, ghalibu. Get
beyond, fifa, Get by heart, ji-
Junza sana, Get drunk, /ewa, Get
into, #mgia. Get into a rage, fu-
tuka. Get off, toka, okoka, achtli-
wa. Get on, endelea mbele, fani-
kiwa. How are you getting on?
uhali gani? habari ya siku nyingi?
Get out, Zoka. Get out of the way,
jitenga, epuka; (as exclamation)
similla! jihathari! Get through,
(money) tumia, filist; (work)
maliza, isha. Get together, kusa-
nya, kutanisha, (neut.) kusanyika.
Get under, ingta chini ya; (subdue)
shinda, weza, zuia. Get up,

-a

157

GILD

ondoka, panda; (learn) jifunza ;
(arrange) fengeneza, pamba. Get
well, . Get over, (recover)
pona katika; (by flattery) shawishi,
vuta, shinda.

Geyser, n. (chemchemi ya kurusha
maji juu kwa nguvu|.

Ghastly, a. -eupfe sana, kama kioja,
kama kifu, -baya, -a kutisha.

Ghee, n. samli.

Ghost, n. kivuli (vt- |, kizuka, pepo.
The Holy Ghost, koko Mtakatifu.

Ghostly, a. kama kivuli cha mtu;
(spiritual) -a roho.

Ghoul, n. zimwi | ma- |, jint | ma-|.

Giant, n. jitu ey hodari, shujaa,
pandikizi | pande| la mtu,

— a. -refu |-kubwa) mno, -du-
bwana.

Gibber, Talk gibberish, v. sema
vibaya | visivyo maana |), payuka,

Gibbet, n. = Gallows.

Gibe, n. shutumu [ma-], tayo[ma-],
suto [ma-].

v. shutumu, cheka.

Giddiness, n. kizunguzungu, masua,
mbasua; (folly) upumbafu.

Giddy, a. -a kizungusungu, (causing
giddiness) -a kutia kizunguzungu.
Be giddy, -wa na kizunguzungu,
sultka, levyalevya; (be foolish)
pumbazika, It made me turn giddy,
tmentsulisha kitwa.

Gift, n. (in general) zawadi, majazi,
karama, kipaji, wapo; (for merit)
tuzo; (from God) ¢hawabu, upaji,
baraka; (customary fee) ada, ki-
nyosha mgongo, ufito, kilemba;
(casual) bakshishi; (charitable)
sadaka; (congratulatory) mapu-
kusa; (for rescue) maakost; (for
ransom) makombozt; (for services)
malipizi ; (talents) akili, nguvu.

Gifted, a. hodari, -a akili.

Gig, n. (gari jepesi la magurudumu
mawili ; (boat) mashua nyepesi).
Gigantic, a. -kubwa mno, -refu mno,

-a kupita kiasi.

Giggle, v. chekacheka, chekelea, |

Gild, v. zia | paka) thahabu, chovya
maji ya thahabu, pamba.

GILDING

Gilding, n. kupaka thahabu, rangi
ya thahabu.

Gill, n. chavu [ma-, la samaki);
(measure) | kipimo kidogo cha ki-
zungu cha kupimia mvinyo |,

Gilt, a. -Hotiwa thahabu nje.

Gimlet, n. [Aipande kidogo cha ku-
tobolea|, uma (ny-],

Gin, n. mtego (mi- |); (spirit) [v:-
nyo mweupe kama maji |.

Ginger, n. fangawizi.

Gipsy, n. (mtu wa taifa geni la Asta
lililotawanyika katika Europalenyt
kutembealembea tu pasipo kikao |.

Giraffe, n. ‘wiga.

Gird, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Girt, Girded)
zungushia, vika | kiunoni).

Girder, n, mhimili (mi-, wa chu-

ma).

Girdle, n. mshipi |mi-), mahasamu,
masombo, ukumbuu; (of beads)
kondavt.

Girl, n. kijana mwanamke, mtoto wa
kike. Slave girl, kijakazi (vi-).
Girlhood, n. ujana| wa mwanamke).

Girlish, a. kama Girl, -a Girl,

Girt, = Girded (7az. Gird).

Girth, n. ivimba; . (in harness)
ukanda [wa kufungia matandiko
ya frasi, wa tumbo).

Gist, n. maana, habari yenyewe.

Give, v. (p. t. Gave, pf. t. Given)
toa, -pa, lipa, jazt, jali, gawia;
(furnish) fanyia; (slacken) Jegea,
bonyea; (cause) ta; (hand over)
kabithi, salimisha, wekea, tolea.
Give a congratulatory present of,
pukusa. Give oneself, jitoa, jifunga,
jiweka. Be given to (drink), -wa
miu wa | kulewa), lekea. Be given
to understand, fahamishwa. Give
away, wa zawadi, -pa sadaka ; (in
marriage) osa. Give back, rudisha,
lipa. Give birth to, zaa. Give
chase to, fuata, winda, Give ear
to, sikiliza. Give forth (out), Zoa,
tangasa, Give ground, rudi, enda
nyuma, shindwa. Give the hand
(in marriage), Zaz, Marry. Give
in, 4egea, shindwa. Give the lie
to, sema, “mwongo wee!l,’ kanya,

158

GLARE:

kanisha maneno. Give out, tsha,
koma, -fa, legea; (announce) zoa,
tangaza; (distribute) gawanya,
eneza. Give over, koma, isha.
‘Give place to, omdokea. Give
trouble, sumbua, utht. Give and
take, pigana. Give up, (surrender)
acha, toa; (be beaten) shindwa,
kata tamaa. Give oneself up, jitoa,
kubali kushindwa, legea; (sure
render) salimisha, toa. Give way,
“vunjika, legea, shindwa; (ander
pressure) boryea, nepa. I will give
it you (punish), utaona, utapigwa,
utalia.

Given, a. na conj. -lotolewa, &c.
( Zaz. Give); (granted, assuming)
ikiwa, twapo, tukikubali ya kwa-
mba, tukisema, tukipatana kwa;
(such and such) fu/lani,

Giver, n. mpaji, mwenyi kutoa.

Giving, n. upaji, kutoa, &c. ( Taz.
Give),

Giszard, n. firigisi.

Glacial, a. -a barafu.

Glacier, n. | mlo wa maji yaliyoganda
kwa baridi, mto wa barafu).

Glad, a. -a furaha, -kunjufu.

Gladden, v. furahisha, ita furaha,

“changa 'msha.

Glade, n. (mahali peupe mwituni |.

Gladiator, n. | asikari apiganaye kwa
mchezo zamani za Warumi),

Gladiatorial show, n. [¢amasha ya
kupiganisha watu kwa Warumi).

Gladly, adv. kwa furaha, kwa moyo.

Gladness, n. furaha, ukunjufu,
shangwe.

Glance, n. nathirt, tasamo (ma-},
macho.

v. Zupa jicho, angalia kidogo,
chungulia upesi; (glitter) meta-
meta,ng’aa. Glance at (mention),
nenea kidogo.

Gland, n. [fama kifuko cha ngoss
ndani ya mwili).

Gl nders, n. | ugonjwa wa nyama),
makamasi.

Glare, n. anga, wangafu, mng'ari20.

—— v. ng'aa, ng'arisa. Glare at,
kodolea, "

GLARING

Glaring, a. -a kung'aa; (evident)
wast, thahtri, -a kujultka na wote.

Glass, n. £100 [vy-] ; (for drinking)
bilauri;, (telescope) durabinz;
(spectacles) miwani; (as a mea-
sure) kadiri ya bilauri.

Glassy, a. kama kioo, -eupe. Glassy
eye, jicho thatfu.

Glase, v, tia ktoo, paka rangi nyeupe
[ama sandarust |.

Glazier, n. fundi wa kazi ya kioo.

Glazing, n. kazi ya Glazier.

Gleam, v. ng’ara, mulika.

n. ktanga, kimeta, kimulimuli.

Glean, v. (okota masazo ya wavu-
naji), okota, kusanya kwa shidda.

Glebe, n. shamba lililowekwa wakfu
(kwa matumizi ya dini ao mapadre).

Glee, n. furaha, kucheka; (in music)
usmbo,

Glen, n. donde ndogo.

Glib, a. -enyt maneno mengi, enyi
usemaji wa maneno, -pest | kunena |.
Glib speech, maneno kama maji.

Glide, v. pita mbio | pasipo bidii wala
uthia), tiririka, teleza, enda mbio.

Glimmer, a. mulika kidogo kidogo.
I have a glimmering, tmenielea
kidogo.

n. kianga, kimeta, kimulimuli.

Glimpse, n. fazamo la marra moja,
kuona kwa marra moja, kuonja
kidogo, kufahamu nussu. Get a
glimpse of, pata kuona.

Glisten, v. zagaa, ng'aa, metameta,

Glitter, n. kimeta, wangafu, mng'a-
vi20.

—— v. metameta, merimeta, mulika.

Gloat (over’, v. Zazama kwa furaha,
furahia vibaya, simanga.

Globe, n. (kitu kilichoviringana pa-
nde zole, kama mchungwa, mpira,
tufe); (terrestrial) mfano wa dunia;
(the earth) dunza.

Globular, a. tama Globe.

Gloom, n. giza, weust;
huzuni, uztto.

Gloomy, a. -a giza, &c.

Glorify, v. fukuza, sifu, athimisha.

Glorious, a. -tukufu, -a fahari, -surt
MNO.

(sorrow)

159

GO

Glory, n. fahari, utukufu, sifa,
athama,

Gloss, n. mng'ao, nuru, kung'aa;
(comment) mafafanusi, ufasiri,
maelezo.

— v. Gloss over (a fault, &c.),
setirt, ombea, rahistsha.

Glossary, n. [ jamii ya maneno ma-
gumu,na mafafanusi yao), kamusi.

Glossy, a. -2 kung'aa.

Glove, n. mfuko wa mkono, kaf (Ar.).

Glow, v. ona moto, ng'aa, waka;
(with anger) kasirika ; (pride) 72-
ona, ona kiburi; (joy) furahi.

Glow-worm, n. kimulimuls, kime-
tameta,

Glue, n. sheriz, sherest; (sticky
pastes) embwe, ulimbo, habba, le-
hamu, kisombo.,

— v. unga kwa Glue, gandamisha,
kaza.

Glut, v. shibisha, kinaisha.

——n. wingi mno, shiba.

Glutinous, a. -a kunata.

Glutton, n. mlaf.

Gluttonous, a. -/af. To eat glut-
tonously, kula kwa pupa.

Gluttony, n. -/afi.

Gnarled, a. (tree) -a mafundofundao,
-enyt mafundo mengi,

Gnash, v. (teeth) Zafuna [meno],
saga [meno].

Gnat, n. mbu, tmbu,

Gnaw, v. fafuna, guguna.

Go, v. (p. t. Went, pf. t. Gone)
enda; (away) enda zangu ([zako,
zake, &c.|, toka, ondoka ; (on or
back) endelea ; (tend) Zkkea; (in-
tend) Zaka; (perish, pass away)
pita, isha, potea, angamia ; (reach)
fika, fikia. Go about, zunguka ;
(attend to) shzka | kazi). Goabroad,
tembea katika inchi ngeni, safiri.
Go after, fuata nyuma, andamta ;
(search for) enda tafuta. Go
against, endea, enda kupiga;
(thwart) suza, si pendeza, Go
at, jaribia. Go bad, oza, hari-
bika. Go bail for, -wa thamini ya.
Go by, pita; (copy) fuata. Go
down, sama, shuka; (decrease) pu-

GOA

nguka; (beacceptable) pendeza, ku-
balika. Go for (nothing), thamani
yake, maana yake (si kitu). Go
hard (well, ill), -wa shidda | heri,
shari). Go in for, tafuta sana, jitia
katika, fanya bidii ya. Go mad, sh#-
kwa na wazimu,ingia wazimu. Go
off, (trap) fyatuka, (gun) fa, piga ;
(pass away) pita, tsha; (happen)
-wa,-fanytka. Goon,endelea, enda
mbele, pita ; (continue) fuliza, ishi,
dumu, shinda. Go out, Zoka; (as
lamp) zimika. Go over, pita
juu, vuka; (examine) angalia
taratibu. Go round (suffice for
all), enea, tosha. Go through with,
maliza, timiliza. Go to meet,
Zaki. Go together (in company),
andamana. Go without, sz pata,
kosa kupata. Letgo, acha, fungua.
It is no go, hatfaz neno. He has
no go, hana moyo, hana bidii. He
has gone out for the day, amekwe-
nda shinda mahali leo. Goshares,
shariki. Go halves, shariki sawa-
sawa | wawili).

Goa, n. Goa [ma-]; (the port) Mur-

mugao,

Goad, n. (ufito wa kuongosea ng'o-
mbe), mchokoro |(mi-); (stimulus)
mchomo, mwako, kichomi.

— v. sukuma, ongoza kwa uchungu
na nguvu, chomesha.

Goal, n. kikomo, kifiko, mwisho (wa
mahali pa kushindania mbio);
(end, object) mwisho, kusudi, nia,
mradi,

Goat, n. mbuzi.

Gobble, v. akia, gugumiza, mesa
kwa pupa.

Go-between, n. kijumbe [73-].

Goblet, n. kopo la kunywea.

Goblin, n. jini baya | ma-), zimwi.

Go-by, n. Give the go-by to, da-
nganya, kimbia, kopa.

God, n. Muungu |mi- |, Mungu,
Mngu, Allah (Ar.). God willing,
inshallah. God be with you,
Muungu akuweke.

Godfather, Godmother, n. [mtha-
mint wa Baptism. His god-

160

GOOD '

child, foto mthamintwa, altye-
mthaminia kwa Baptism).

Godhead, n. Uungu, asili ya
Muungu, umungu.

Godless, a. kafiri (ma-),- baya,
shenzi.

Godlike, a. kama Muungu, -a ki-
MUUNLU, -€ma MNO.

Godliness, n. ufa wa, wema,

Godly, a. -a’wa, -enyi kushika dint,
ema.

Go-down, n. ghala, bokhari.

God-speed, n. kuaheri, salamu,
Allah bilkheri.

Goggles, n. kinga za macho; (spec-
tacles) miwani kubwa.

Goggling, a. (of eyes) -a nje.

Goitre, n. fesz.

Gold, n. thahabu; (money) utasiré,
Setha, mals.

—— a. -a thahabu.

Gold-diggings, n. | mahali pa kufu-
kua thahabu |.

Golden, a. -a thahabu, kama tha-
habu; (precious) -athamanisana,-a
tunu; (surpassing) -sx7t mno, bora.
A golden opportunity, ndege njema,
bahati kubwa. Golden opinions,
sifa njema. The Golden Age, sa-
mani za heri (ndizo sa kwanza,
waana Adamu walipokaa kwa
amani na kufanikiwa, ndivyo
wanavyotungiwa habari).

Goldsmith, Gold-beater, n. mfua
thahabu. ;

Golf, n. | mchezo wa tufe na fito).

Goloshes, n. viatu vya mpira.

Gondola, n. mtumbwi [wa Venice].

Gone, pf. t. ya Go.

Gong, n. ugato | pato).

Gonorrhosa, n. kisunono.

Good, n. wema, uzuri, hali njema,
heri, fayida.

—— a. -ema, bora; (useful) -1 kufaa,
-a maana, hodari; (considerable)
-kubwa kidogo,-ingi kidogo; (fine)
-2urs ; (true) -2 kweli; (accurate)

halisi; (sound) -sima, kamili.
Hold good, -wako, kaa, -wa

na nguvu. Make "good, ‘thubu-
tisha; (repair) tengeneza; (repay)

GOOD-BREEDING

Lipa.
rithia, kubali; (resolve) Zenda,
azimu. Be good for, faa. Be so
good as to (sit down), /afathali
sana (uketi), As good as, kama,
sawa na. In good time, mapema.
A good deal, wingi, tele. A
good deal of work, kazi nyingi
kidogo. For good, "ndio mwisho,
bassi tena. To the good, fayida.
Good! Vema, haya, basst, in-
shallah. A good many, vingi.
Good-bye, kwa heri.

Good-breeding, n. adabu, jamala.

Good-bye, int. kwa heri, nakwenda
(Iam going). Say good- “bye to, aga,

Good-days! int.jambo,salaam, subulk-
eri.

Good-for-nothing, a. -nyangélika,
hafifu, thaifu, ovyo.

Good Friday, 7az. Friday.

Good-humour, n. wema, ulu mwe-
ma, upole, ukunjufu; (patience)
saburi, uvumilivu; (calmness)
ululivu, utaratibu.

Good-luck, n. bakati, ndege njema.

Goodly, a. -ema, -kubwa, -zuri.
Good-nature, n. Taz. Good-
humour.

Goodness, n. wema, usurt, upaji,
ufathili; (strength, quality) Nguvu,
utamu.

Good-night, int. kwa keri. Go to
bid good-night to, Zwesha.

Goods, n. malt; (household) vyombo

(vya nyumbani), vifaa; (com-
mercial) dzthaa.
Good-temper, n. Zaz. Good-

humour.

. Goodwill, n. mapendezi, upendeleo;
(in trade) ruksa, sifa.

Goose, n. (pl. Geese) bata la Bukini;
(fool) mjinga, barathuli. A wild-
goose chase, kutafuta burre, kazi
ya burr

Gooseberry, n. Linda la kizungu).

Gore, v. figa pembe

—— n. damu, mavilto ya damu,

Gorge, n. oo, shingo; (pass) genge
[ma-], mlango (mwembamba katika
milima).

161
Think good, ona rathi kwa, ) Gorge, v. shibisha, vimbisha kwa

GOVERNMENT

chakula chingt ; (neut.) jzvimbisha,
-la sana.

Gorgeous, a. -enyz kupambwa sana,
-2 kulasamisha, -2urt sana, -a
urembo. A gorgeous spectacle,
tamasha.

Gorilla, n. (nyani mkubwa sana wa
Afrika kama mfano wa miu),

Gormand, n. mlafi [wa-].

Gormandize, v. -/a sana, jivi-
mbisha.

Gorse, n. mchongoma | wenyi maua
mazuri kizungu),.

Gory, a. -@ damu, -enyi kutiwa
damu. j

Gospel, n. anjili, imani ya kima-
sihiya ; | kitabu chenyi habari ya
maisha yake Isa Masiya; sehe-
mu ya kitabu hicho ya kuso-
mwa kwa siku fullani |); (doctrine,
tenets), mafundisho, mathehebu ;
(truth) maneno ya hakika, ya kweli.

Gossamer, n. [watando ya buibui
wadogo, nyuzi Ndogo ndogo; Nguo
ya bafta nyembamba sana, kama
utando wa buibui |.

Gossip, n. maneno, maongezi, mazu-
ngumzo; (foolish talk) upuzi,
maneno matupu, vijineno, udaku ;
(of persons) mzungumet,mwongert ,
mpiga domo, mbea, mdaku. ‘Talk
gossip to, detain with gossip,
pustsha.

— v. ongea, piga domo, puztka.

Got, p. t. na pf. t. ya Get.

Goth, n. [Afgothi]; (barbarian)
mshenzi, mite wa jeuri.

Gothic, a. -a ginsi ya Goths.

Gouge, n. ‘patasi, bobari, ukombo.

Gourd, n. boga, mumunya |ma- |,
buyu (ma- |).

Gout, n. jongo ; (drop) zone [ma-].

Govern, v. Zawala, miliki, hukumu ;
(direct, control) ongoza, suza.

Governess, n. (mwanamke mlezi
wa watoto |.

Governing, a. -enyi hukumu |amri,
mpuvu|; (supreme) -kuu, -enyi
enzi.

Government, n. serkali, daulati ;

M

GOVERNOR

(control, power) wtawala,hukumu,
amri; (direction) kuongoza, kuzuta;
(sphere of power) 2mcht, uliwalt,
ufalme.

Governor, n. wali, Kwali [ma-);
(director) msimamisi; (tutor)
mlezi.

Gown, n. (nguo ya mwanamke ki-
zungu, leileit [| ma-\; nguo ya waa-
limu, waana sheria, makathi, &c.,
kama joho).

Grab, v. kamata ghdfala [kwa
pupa); (selfishly) ghaltbu, nya-
np anya.

Grace, n. neema, rehema, upendeleo,
mapenzi, huruma; (elegance)
uzuri, madaha, adabu; (prayer at
meals) sala [ya kushukuru chaku-
lani); (sanction, permission) r4k-
sa, kuachiliwa; | jina la heshi-
ma kiingereza la kumtaja Duke
ao Archbishop]. Means of grace,
(nta za kupata neema ya Muunge |,
To say grace, kushukuru chakulani.
With a good grace, vizuri, kwa
moyo. With a bad grace, vibaya,
kwa shidda. Good graces, upe-
ndeleo, upenzi.

Graceful, a. -enyi madaha, -zuri.

Graceless, a, -daya, -bovu.

Gracious, a. -enyi neema, -a rehema;
(beneficent) -fathtls, -enyt mape-
ndezi.

Gradation, n. daraja, utaratibu.

Grade, n. cheo, daraja, ginst; (slope)
mshuko, telemuko, | kadiri ya ku-
shuka ao kupanda|. ,

Gradient, n. Zelemuko, mshuko, | ka-
diri ya kushuka ao kupanda|.

Gradual, a. kidogo kidogo, -a taratibu,
-a polepole, punde kwa punde.

Graduate, v. gawanya kwa cheo, tia
alama ya kuonya cheo; (get a de-
gree) pata daraja la ualimu, hi-
timu.

n. mwenyi daraja la ualimu;
aliyehitimu vyuo.

Graft, n. chipukizi ya mli | iliyotiwa
shinani mwa mli mwingine, ili-
yopandikizwa kwa mli usio wake).

—— V, pandikiza,

162

GRANULAR

Grain, n. afaka, mbegu; (unripe)
fete; (single grain) punje, chembe ;
(of sand, &c.) chembe, uvumbi ;
(small quantity) dogo, kipimo
kidogo sana; (of wood, &c.) nyuzi;
(of marble) marembo. Inthegrain,
asili, maumbile. Against the
grain, shidda, vigumu. Go against
the grain, chukiza, tia uchungu,
kasirisha.

Graminivorous, a. -/a majani.

Grammar, n. (elimu ya kati na
matumizi ya maneno), sarufi,
nahau.

Grammatical, a. -4 Grammar, -a
kufuata Grammar, sahihi, halisi.

Grampus, n. | kama pomboo).

Granary, n. ghala, bohari.

Grand, a. -kubwa, -kuu, -a fahari,
-tukufu, -zuri, bora, -enyi cheo, -a
heshima, -sharifu.

Grandchild, n. mjukuu |wa-|.
Great-grandchild, kijukuu, kile-
mbwe |vt-|. Great-great-grand-
child, kining'ina |vi-|.

Grandee, n. mfu wa cheo, mkuu,
mtu wa fahari.

Grandeur, n. fahari, ukuu, utuku-
Ju, usherehe.

Grandfather, n. babu ; (ancestor)

mzee | wa-).
Grandiloguent, a. -a kujivuna
[maneno], -a kupiga domo.

Grandmother, n. 6267, mzee. Great-
grandmother, mzaa bibi.
Grandsire, n. babu, mzee | wa-|J.
Granite, n. | jiwe gumu sana).
Granivorous, a. -/a nafaka.
Grant, v. -fa, jalia, rusuku, toa,
lipa; (allow, acquiesce in) kubali,
rithia, achia. (Granted that they
differ, hatta na waachane. Grant-
ed that, &c., ikiwa, ijapokuwa,
hatta tukisema ya kwamba, twapo.
Grant request, fanya haja.
n. ruhusa, ulipo, kipaji, zawadi,
karama ; (bestowal) kutoa, kulipa.
Grantee, n. mwenyi kupewa.
Grantor, n. mwenyi kupa | kutoa).
Granular, a. | kama chembe ao changa-
yawt), -a kinundununds,

GRANULATE

Granulate, v. | fanya kama changa-
vawt, ao mchanga mnene).

Grape, n. zabibu; (plant) mzabibu
[me2-].

Grape-shot, n. [malisaa makubwa).

Graphic, a. -a kueleza vizuri sana,
-a kusimulia vizuri, -enyi hadithi
nzuri.

Grapnel, n. (nanga ndogo ya mako-
mbe manne, nanga toto ao ya
paérua)\; (hook) kulabu.

Grapple, v. amatana, shikana,
shika sana, jitia kwa, jifunga kwa ;
(hook) #emba.

Grasp, v. shika, fumbata; (under-
stand) fahamu -ote, sikia sana.

n. kushika kwa mkono, mkono;
(power) nguvu, uweso ; (compre-
hension) ufahamu, akili.

Grass, n. majani; (coarse, rushy)
nyasi | ma-]; (soft, creeping) ukoka.

Grasshopper, n. panzi [ma-].

Grass-plot, n. uwanja | wa majani
madogo |.

Grassy, a. -enyi majani mengi.

Grate, n. [vyuma mahali pa meko,
pakuwashia moto nyumbani).

— v. paruza, kwaruza, lia kwa
kuparusa; (rub small) saga, chua,
sugua, (of cocoa-nut) kuna. Grate
on, chukisa.

Grateful, a. -a kushukuru, -enyi
shukrani; (pleasant) -famu, -a
kupendeza.

Grater, n. (for cocoa-nuts) mbuzi.

Gratification, n. furaka; (giving
pleasure) mapendezi; (contentment)
urathi ; (accomplishment) kupata,
kutimiza. It gave him much grati-
fication, z/imkalia tamu sana.

Gratify, v. pendesa, furahisha, ri-
thisha, achia.

Grating, a. -enyt mparuzo, -a kupa-
yvuza; (unpleasing) -a kuchukiza.
—— n. mparuso, kwaruso, sauti ya
kuparuza; (cross bars) | fito ao papi
za chuma za kukingamana, kama

nyuzi za wavu, kama kimia).

Gratis, adv. burre, bilashi, pasipo
Jayida, pasipo hesabu, billa gha-
yama.

163

GREATLY

Gratitude, n. siukrani. yi

Gratuitous, a. -4 burre, -a bila-
shi, pasipo fayida, billa kutoza
etha.

Gratuity, n. zawadi, bakshishi;
(customary) ada, kilemba, ufito.
Grave, n. kaburi | ma-), siara(ma-];
(place of dead) ahkera, kuzimu.
Have one foot in the grave, chu-

ngulia kusimu.

—— a. -zito, -a taratibu; (important,
critical) -kudwa, -a mashaka, -a
hatari, A grave offence, kosa

a.

Grave-digger, n. mchimba kaburi,
mzishi |wa- |).

Gravel, n. mawe madogo, Vijiwe,
changarawi.

Gravitate, v. /ekea, taka kwenda,
vutwa.

Gravitation, n. zile; (attraction)
uvutano.

Gravity, n. usito; (sobriety) #fara-
tibu ; (importance) ukubwa, kabari
kubwa, maana nyingi; (cr
state) hatarz, mashaka. ecific
gravity, [wthant wa kitu fullant
kuliko maji). Centre of gravity,
palipo uzito haswa.

Gravy, n. mchuzi,

Gray, a. kijifujifu, rangi ya majifu,
-eupe, -eupe kidogo.

Gray-beard, n. mwenyi mui, mzee.

Gray-hairs, n. mvi.

Grayling, n. (samaki ya mitoni
kizungu |.

Graze, v. (rub) faruza ; (feed cattle)
lisha, chunga [ngombe, mbust);
(eat grass) -la majani.

Grazier, n. mchungaji.

Grease, n. mafuta, shahamu.

v. paka mafuta.

Greasy, a. -a mafuta; (slippery) -@
matelest.

Great, a. -kubwa, -kuu, bora, -ingt,
-anguvu, Become great, (of per-
sons) tukuka; (of things)fua. A
great deal, wingi. A great deal:
of rain, mvua nyingt. It is too
great for me, zmenikulia.

Greatly, adv. sana.

GREATNESS

Greatness, n. ukuu, ukubwa, utu-
kufu, nguvu.

Greaves, n. (vyuma vya kuvaa
miguuni tokea magoti na chi"
ni)

Grecian, a. = Greek.

Greed, Greediness, n. ¢choyo, tamaa,
ulafi, pupa, roho.

Greedy, a. -/afi, -enyi choyo, -enyi
famaa. Be greedy, -/a' kwa pupa,
-wa na roho, -wa na choyo, fanya
tamaa. :

Greek, n. 2a a. Mgreki, Myonani.

Green, a. rangi ya majani, chani-
kiwili; (unripe) -bichz; (simple)
ZUZU.

Greengage, n. (funda la kizungu
kama embe ndogo|.

Greengrocer, n. [mwusa mboga na
matunda |.

Greenhorn, n. msusu |wa- |, mjinga
[wa-}.

Greenhouse, n. | kibanda cha huote-
shea maua|.

Greenness, n. kuwa Green.

Greens, n. mboga.

Greet, v. salimu, salimia, amkia,
bartkia.

Greeting, n. salamu, mbaraka, ma-
amkizi.

Grogarious, a. enyi kukaa ma-
hkundimakunds.

Grenade, n. (kombora dogo).

Grenadier, n. (asikari mrefu).

Grew, p. t. ya Grow.

Grey, 7az. Gray.

Greyhound, n. (mbwa mrefu -mwe-
mbamba mwenyi mbio sana).

Griddle, n. kikango.

Gridiron, n. (| fito za chuma zikiki-
ngamana, kama wavu); (in cook-
ing) nyalio za chuma.

Grief, n. sikitiko, huzuni, hamu,
majonzi, simanzi. Come to grief,
angamia, potea.

Grievance, n. jambo sito, hulumu;
(complaint) kisa.

Grieve, v. sikifisha, husuntsha, tia
huzuni; (neut.) sikifika, -wa na
huzuni, fanya msiba, fanya
majonzi,

164

GROPE

Grievous, a. -27/0, -pumu, -a kutia
huzuni, -a kulemea.

va n. (nyama nussu simba nussu
fat). j

Grill, v. oka, choma.

Grim, a. -kali, -koroft, -a kulia hofu,
-a aishe as Aa
Grimace, v. finyo | ma-, kunjo| la uso,

iko 2 Uwa ene)

Grime, n. mastst, taka.

Grimy, a. takataka, -eust, -chafu.

Grin, v. cheka, toa meno (kwa
kucheka), finya (kunja) uso.

—— n. kicheko, kufinya uso.

Grind, v. (p. t. a pf. t. Ground),
(grain) saga, tua; (coarsely) faaza;
(tools, &c. by rubbing, filing, &c.)
chua; (oppress) onea, thulumu:
(work hard) shika kazi sana, soma
sana.

Grinder, n. (tooth) chego [ma-].
Organ-grinder, mpiga santuri.

Grindstone, n. jiwe /a kunoa, kinoo,
cherehe.

Grip, Gripe, v. kamata sana, shika
sana, pelekea kucha; (of stomach)
(io maumivu ndani tumboni),
umiza tumbo.

—— n. kushika sana (kwa mkono,
makucha), kamata ; mikono, maku-
cha; Scolic) maumivu ya tu-
mboni, kushikwa tumbo.

Grisly, a. -a kulisha, -a kuhofisha.

Grist, n. (nafaka za kusagwa).

Gristle, n. #fupa mnyororo.

Grit, n. mchanga, changarawi:
(courage) moyo mgumu, uthabiti,
akili. He has no grit, mkulifu
huyo, mwepesi kushindwa.

Gritty, a. -2 Grit, -a kukwaruza.

Grizzled, n. -enyi mvi, kijifujifu.

Groan, v. ugua. Groan at, somea.

Grocer, n. mwuza vyakula.

Grocery,n. difhaaza Grocer, makuli.

Groin, n. manena.

Groom, n. mchunga frasi, satst,
gariwala,

Groove, n. mfuo [mt-]; (custom)
desturi.

Grope, v. papasa, tafuta njia gisani,
sttastta,

GROSS

-nene; (dull) -zifo.

h. mia na arobaini na "nne pa-
moja, dazan thenashara. In the
gross, shelabela, fungu zima.

Grotesque, a. -@ kuchekesha, -nya-
nghlika, -dude.

Grotto, n. pango [ma-], shimo [ma-].

Ground, n. ixch2, arth; (soil) udo-
ngo; (bottom) chins; (land) sia-
mba, konds, uwanja; (foundation)
chimbuko, msinjt; (source) aszlz,
mwanzo; (sediment) fakataka za
chini, tamma; (reason, principle)
sababu, hoja, tegemeo (| ma-). Gain
ground, endelea, enea, zidi. Lose
or give ground, rudi, shindwa,
pungeka, Stand one’s ground,
simama, jiweka imara, si kubali
kushindwa.

v. weka imara; (give reason

for) toa sababu ya; (teach rudi-

ments) fundisha mtanzo ya dimu,
fundisha vema ; (run ashore) pwe-
lewa, kwama, ingia mwambani;

(arms) weka chint, shusha.

p. t. na pf. t. ya Grind.

Ground-floor, n. vyumba vya chini.

Groundless, a. pasipo sababu, -a
burre, -a upuzi, -tupu.

Ground-nuts, n. njugu nyassa,
njugu mawe.

Ground-rent, n. kodi | ya mahali pa
kujengea|.

Ground-swell, n. mawimbi ya mko-
ba, kwelea ya mawimbi (?).

Groundwork, n. msinji, asili, chi-
mbuko, mwanzo, mlango.

Group, n. jamii, kundi, mkutano,

fungu. ;

v. gawanya mafungumafungu.

Grouse, n.(ndegeya kuwinda Ulaya |.

Grove, n. | yamit ya miti), kichaka

vi- |).

anne, v. tambaa, sujudu, lala fuli-
fuli; (abase oneself) 7ithilt, jzfa-
nya -nyonge, nyenyekea.

Grow, v. (p. t. Grew, pf. t. Grown)
kua; (of plants) ofa, mea; (be-
come) pata kuwa, kuwa ; (increase)
zidi, ongezeka ; (become more and

165
Gross, a. -baya sana, -chafe; (thick) |

GUARD

more) 2:4: kuwa; (spread, advance,
&c.)endelea, enea, fanikiwa ; (culti-
vate) ofesha, panda. Grow small,
pungua. Grow up, komaa, pevue
ka, -wa -sima. Grow out of, toka
kwa, -wa kwa sababu ya. Let the
hair grow, kalia nyele. - Cause to
grow, otesha, meesha, kuza. Be
grown over, melewa,

Growl, v. “guruma, vuma; (come
plain) guna.

—— Nn, Ngurumo, uvumi, maguno.

Grown, pf. t. ya Grow.

Growth, n. kuzidi, maendeleo, eneo,
kukua, ukuzi, kuota; (vegetation)
woto, mmea|mt- |; (outcome) mwi
sho.

Grub, n. mdudu | wa-), funza | ma-),
buu | ma- |).

—— v. pekua; (grub abont) chimba.
chimba; (grub up) ng'oa, fukua.

Grudge, v. Aasidi, husudu.

— n. chukio la siri, ugomvi wa
kale, fundo | mfundo, kifundo) ya
roho, kinyongo. Bear a grudge
against, Lamia, onea chuki,

Grudgingly, adv. kwa hiana, shidda.

Gruel, n. #/£; (thin) ubabwa.

Gruff, a. (voice, manner) -£a/4.

Grumble, v. nuna, nung untka,
guna.

Grunt, v. guna.

Guano, n. (mavi ya ndege Amert-
ka), samadt.

Guarantee, y. (a debt) hawél:; (a
work) fadartki, thamini; (assure)
hakikisha, thubutisha ; (give pledge
or assurance for) toa hakika [tha-
mana, rahani, daraka).

n. stakabatht, mashurti, ama-
na, rahani, daraka.

Guard, n. mlinzi [wa-]; (conductor)
msimamizi; (caution) Aathars;
(protecting thing) (kitu cha kuki-
ngia ao kulindia), kinga. Be on
one’s guard, sthathari, -wa na ha-
thari, kaa macho. Be off one’s
guard, s¢ -angalia, sinzia. Be on
guard, shika kingojo, fanya zamu,
ngoja. Mount guard, shika zamu
Lkingojo |.

— w. weka imara; ye mm
for) toa sababu ya; uma ma

2 maneno
maneno.
za kheri,

a njema,
ce}

ngu nussu

GUARD

Guard, v. linda, tunza,ngojea. Guard
against a blow, kinga.

Guarded, a. -a hathart, -angalifu.

Guardian, n. mltnzi, mlezi | wa-).

Guardianship, n. ulinzi, hamaya,
funza. -

Guava, n. (tree) mpera [me-]; (fruit)
pera [ma-}.

Gudgeon, n. [samaki ndogo ya mi-
font).

Guerdon, n. zawadi, tuzo, malipo.

Guess, v. bahatisha, gist; (think)
thant, ona.

n. thana, bahati ya neno, eno
la kugtst.

Guest, n. mgeni (wa-}.

Guidance, n. maongozi, maonyo.

Guide, n. rubani, kiongozi, mkuu-
genzi.

—— v. onyesha njia, ongoza, lekeza ;

directing object) alama, kitu cha
lekeza, 8c.

Guild, n. chama.

Guildsman, n. mwana chama.

Guile, n. ujanja, werevu, hila.

Guileless, a. -nyofu, -jinga. He is
guileless, hava zitilafu. <A guile-
less heart, moyo mweupe.

Guillotine, n. kisu kikubwa cha ku-
kata watu vitwa|, jisu [ma-].

— v. kata kitwa.

Guilt, n. ubaya, uovu, thambi, hatiya,
kosa.

Guilty, a. -Zfenda mbaya, -enyi ha-
tiya, -kosefu, -a thambi.

Guinea, n. (kipande cha thahabu,
thaman: yake Sovereign moja na
robo moja juu).

Guinea-fowl, n. kanga, kororo.

Guise, n. sura, umbo, vao. In the
guise of, kwa kivao cha, kwa mfano
wa.

Guitar, n. seze.

Gulf, n. hort, gubba; (cavity) shimo
kubwa.

Gull, n. ndege ya bahari; (simple-
ton) mjinga, msuzu.

— v. kopa, danganya, punja.

Gullet, n. koo (ma-), umio.

Gully, n. mfo [mi-], mfo mkavu,

bonde ndogo.

166

GUT

Gulp, v. gugumiza; (gulp down)
Meza.

Gum, n. (of teeth) fizi | fizi); (gum-
arabic) sumugh, haba; (copal)
sandarusi; (sticky stuff, birdlime,
&c.) ulimbo.

Gun, n. bunduki; (cannon) msinga
[mt-]. Double-barrelled gun, ds-
nduki ya midomo miwili. Match-
lock, bunduki ya mrao. Muzzle-
loader, bunduki ya kushindiliwa
[ya fataki). Breech-loader,bundu-
ki ya viasi | ya kuvunja). Flint
gun, bunduki ya jiwe | ya gume-
gume).

Gun-barrel, n. kasiba, mdomo.

Gun-boat, n. [manowari ndogo].

Gun-cap, n. fataki.

Gun-carriage, n. gurudumo za mzi-
nga.

Gun-cotton, n. (daruti ya pamba).

Gun-lock, n. mtambo |mi- |, kitasa
cha bunduki.

Gunner, n. mkuu wa mzinga, mtu
wa msinga.

Gunnery, n. maarifa ya mizinga.

Gunpowder, n. baruti.

Gun-shot, n. mpigo wa bunduki.

Gunsmith, n. fundi wa bunduki,
mjume | wa-).

Gunwale, n. [wbav wa mbavuni
mwa chombo juu).

Gurgle, v. ia kama maji kooni, lia

rugure.

n. mito wa maji koont, guru-

guru.
Gush, v. (of water) Zoka kwa nguvu,
churustka; (talk much) zoa maneno

mengi.

—— n. mkondo; (outburst) shindo;
(abundance) wingi.

Gushing, a. -a kutokatoka; (talk-
ative) -a maneno mengi.

Gusset, n. ufapi | papi, wa nguo).

Gust, n. (of wind) mkondo wa ba-
vidi, pepo ya ghdfala, théruba. A
gust of passion, hasira ya ghdfala,
kishindo.

Gusto, n. furaha, pupa.

Gut, n. fumbo [ma-|, usi wa utu-
mbo, ;

GUT

Gut, v. feka, komba; (remove guts)
tumbua.

Gutta-percha, n. mpira.

Gutter, n. mchirizi | mi- |), kopo| ma-),
mltsamo.
Guttural, a.

nene.

Guzzle, v. gugumiza, -la kwa pupa.

Gymnasium, n. (chumba ao uwanja
wa Gymnastics |.

Gymnast, n. mkufunzi wa Gym-
nastics.

Gymnastics, n. michezo | ya maana,
kusudi kuongeza nguvu, kuszoelea
kazi gumu, kujitendekesa vita, na
mangine |\.

Gypsum, n. | jiwe kama chaki),

Gypsy, n. Zaz. Gipsy.

Gyrate, v. sungukazunguka,

Gyration, n. mzunguko.

Gyratory, a. -4 kuzungukazunguka.

-a kooni, -a sauti

H.

Ha! int. | ya kuonya furaha, msha-
ngao, ao huzuni).

Haberdasher, n. mwuza nguo (as,
sindano, Sc. }.

Habiliments, n. mavazi.

Habit, n. mazoezo, mathehebu, de-
Sturt, hali, tabia; (dress) wazi.
Be in the habit of, zoea, kekea, -wa
-zofeu wa.

Habitable, a. -a kukaa watu, -a
kukalika na watu.

Habitation, Habitat, n. makao,
makazi, masikani,

Habitual, a. -a desturi, -z0efu.

Habituate, v. zoeza.

Hack, v. katakata, katia, tema.

n. pigo; (horse) frasi ya kazi;
(drudge) mtumwa jwa kutumika
mnoj.

Hackney, a. -4 kutumika na wote.

Hackneyed, a. -liotumika sana,
baridi, ovyo.

Had, p. t. na pf. t. ya Have. Be
had, Be to be had, patikana. Had

rather, Had better, afathali, heri

zaidi.

167

HALF-CASTE

Haddock, n. |samaki ya bahari).
Haemorrhage, n. kufoka damu.
Haemorrhoids, n. bawasiri.
Haft, n. mpini, kipini, pini.

Hag, n. kizee |kibaya kikongwe),
kichawi.
Haggard, a. -a kukonda, -a ku-
umbuka | kwa njaa, taabu, &c.).
Haggle, v. pigana bet, piga ubazazi.
Hagiographa, n. | fungu la tatu la
Maandiko Matakatifu kiyahudi |.
Hail, v. -nya mvua ya mawe; (call)

tla, pigia ukelele. Hail from (ofa
ship), Zoka.
—, Hailstones, Hailstorm, n.
mvua ya mawe.
Hair, n. unyele (nyele), usinga
(senga); (ot beard) udevu (ndevu);
(of lower lip) £imwa mchusi; (of
animal) singa, unyoya (ma-J; (of
hand and arm) Zaika |ma-}; (of
body, pubes) mafuzt; (straight)
nyele za singa; (woolly) nyele za

kipilipili. Soft, wavy hair, nyele
za ukoka. Split hairs, shindania
madogo burre.

a. -embamba sana, -a nyele,
kama nyele, -a manyoya.

Hairbreadth, a. -cmbamba sana. A
hairbreadth escape, kuokoka kwa
shidda sana.

Hair-splitting, n. kufanya maneno
mengi ya burre, kupoteza maneno.

Haloyon days, n. siku za kheri,
shwari, raha, amani.

Hale, a. -sima, -enyi afya njema,
-enyi nguvu zake | zao, &c. |.

Half, n. (pl. Halves) nussu. Half-
orange, half-cocoa-nut, &c., kizio
[vz-]. Cut in half, kafa vipande
viwili. Go halves, skariki sawa-
sawa, gawa mussu kwa nussu.

Half-bred, a. kimashamba, si adabu.

Half-breed, n. (mfu) nussu mweusi
nussu mweupe.

Half-brother, Half-sister,n. |ndugu
upande wa kuumeni ao wa kuke-
ni, ndugu baba mmoja ao mama
mmoja), ndugu.

Half-caste, n. #ussu MZUNgu nussu
540.

HALF-OCO0OK

Half-cock, n. | kupanza mtambo ki-
dogo wa bunduki |.

Halfpenny, n. [sarifu ya kizungu,
kama pesa mbili).

Half-witted, a. akili chache, -enyi
kichaa.

Half-yearly, a. -2 killa mwezi wa
sita, -a marra mbili killa mwaka.

Hall, n. chumba kikubwa (cha kulia,
cha kubarizia, cha kathi, &c.);
(entrance-hall) sébude, Public hall,
kilinge.

Hall-mark, n. [a/ama ya kuhakiki-
sha fetha safi |.

Halloo, v. piga ukelele.

Hallow, v. fanya wakfu, weka kama
-fakatifu; (reverence) fukuza, atht-
misha.

Hallucination, n. kupolewa akili,
chechele, ndoto, kosa.

Halo, n. (of moon, sun) zungu;

. (glory) fakhari.

Halt, v. simama; (on a march) zwa;
(go lame) chechemea, sita.

Halter, n. kamba yenyi tansi; (for
hanging) tanzi la roho.

Halting, a. -4 Austtasita, -a ku-
tanga.

Halting-place, n. ketuo, kikomo,
kambi.

Halve, v. kata vipande viwili vilivyo
sawa, gawanya sawasawa.

Halves, n. (pl. ya Half). Go halves,
gawa sawasawa, sharikiana.

Halyards, n. kensa, jarart.

Ham, n. fako [ma-); (back of knee)
moungu wa gott; (of pig) paja la
NZUTUWE.

Hamlet, n. mji mdogo, kijiji, kito-
ngoji.

Hammer, v. gonga; (metal) fua;
(nails, &c.) gongomea.

—— n. nyundo; (auction) mnada.
Bring to the hammer, nadi.

Hammock, n. (wavu wa kuchukulia
mtu, kama machela), susu, hdmak.

Hamper, n. (kama tunga lenyi ki-

Juntko).

v. zuta, tatanisha.

Hamstring, v. kata mshipa wa mguu
nyuma (uvunguni mwa gott).

168

HAND

Hand, n. mkono |mi-, toka kitanga
haita ncha za vidole), | kitu kama
mkono); (labourer) mtu wa kazi,
kibarua ; (sailor) baharia ; (skill)
nguvu; (writing) mwandiko; (side)
upande; (hand-breadth) upana wa
mkono (ndio wa vidole ao vyanda
vinne). All hands, 4z//a mtu. At
hand, karibu, tayari. Hand in
hand, pamoja, hali moja, shauri
moja. Hand over hand, «pest,
rahisi, On the one hand, kwanza.
Hand-to-hand fight, vifa kali | ya
karibu, iliyoshikika sana|. Pass
from hand to hand, #okezanya. In
hand, The money is in hand, fetha
zkotayari,iko kwangu | kwake, Sc. |.
Cash in hand, zZasliimu, nakudi.
The matter is in hand, #mafendeka.
At first hand, -pya, Awa fundi mwe-
nyewe, kwa mwenyeji, -stotumika
bado, At second hand, sz -pya,
-liokwisha tumika, -kukuu. Hands
off! Zoka! ondoka! Hands up!
jitoel Off-hand, gidfala, marra
moja, pasipo fikara, kwa kupuru-
kusha. Do in an off-hand way,
ghafalisha, purukusha. It is off
my hands, simo, st jus yangu. On
hand, kwangu | kwake, &c.). On
my hands, juu yangu. Change
hands, badilishwa. Come to hand,
wastlt, fika. Get one’s hand in,
Jifunsa, soelea, Have a hand in,
-wamo, shariki. Have in hand,
tendea kasi; (control) weza, shinda.
Have one’s hands full, shughulika
sana,-wanashughult,onamashaka,
Get the upper hand, skinda, wesa.
Lay hands on, gelekea mkono,
funga, tendea jeuri. Lend a hand,
tia mkono, sayidta. Live from
hand to mouth, kaa masikini, -wa
fukara [hana mbele wala nyuma).
Wash the hands of, jiloa katika,
jitenga na, tupia mbali. Under
the hand of, kwa usahkiht wa, wa-
katabahu.

v. -fa, oa, tia mkononi; (con-

vey) deta, peleka kwa mkono; (escort)

sindikiza, Hand down, gokeleza,

HAND

vithtsha. Hand over, toa, salimi-
sha, weka, kabithi, lipa,

Hand, a. -a mkono, -a kadiri ya
mkono, -a kutumika kwa mkono,
kama mkono.

Hand-barrow, Hand-cart, n. gari
dogo (la kukokotwa na mtu).

Hand-bil)l, n. | safi ndogo ya kuenesa
habari).

Handbook, n. | kitabu cha kutumika
marra kwa marra, chuo cha
maonyo |, kitabu kidogo.

Handcuff, n. pingu ya mikono.

Handful, n. ukofi, chopa, konzi;
(small guantity) kidogo.

Hand-gallop, n. mwendo wa shoti.

Handicap, n. shindano | walimo-
pendelewa “washindani, wangine
mbele, wangine nyuma, kwa kadiri
ya kuwasawazisha nguvu).

Handicraft, n. kazi, uchumi.

Handiwork, n. kazi ya mikono.

Handkerchief, n. /eso, kitambaa
[w2-], ankachif~i. Pocket-handker-
chief, leso la kufutia kamasi, anka-
chit.

Handle, n. (of tool, Sc.) mpini
[mt-], kipim [vé-]; (of saucepan,
&c.) kono, mkono [me-]; (of pail,
Sc.) utambo (tambo).

vy. gusa, papasa; (use) fumsa;
(treat) sendea kazi; (control) ongo-
za, zuia.

Handmaid, n. kijakazi |zvi- |).

Handsome, a. -zuri (uso, umbo,
sura); (large) -engt, -kubwa.

Handspike, n. mtalimbo, mti, kipa-
nde.

Handwriting, n. mwandiko, hati,

Handy, a. -elektvu wa hast, -epest ;
(useful) -a kufaa, tayari.

Hang, v. (p. t. Hung, pf. t. Hung,
Hanged) (on wall) angika; (up)
tundtha, tungtka ; (so as to swing)
pembeza, yongesha; (strangle) nyo-
nga, songa; (decorate) funika,
pamba; (delay) sttasita, tanga;
(swing) ming inia, Hang back,
kataa, st taka, sita. Hang down,
Shusha, (neut.) shuka. Hang over,
tokeza, fanya domo; (impend) -wa

169

HARASS

karibu, taka kuja, tayari, Hang
on, (persevere) dumu, endelea ;
(depend on) -wa juu ya, tungika
na, rejea, fungamana na, -wa juu
ya. They hung on his words,
walimstkilisasana, Hang together,
-wa hali moja, fungamana. It all
hangs together, yote barabara, yote
sawa sawa. (Go and be hung!
potelea mbali!

Hang-dog, a. -enyi haya, -a aibu,
-nyonge.

Hanger, n. | upanga kama] sime.

Hanger-on, n. chokora | ma-), mfuasi
[wa-]}.

Hanging, n. kusongwa; (curtains,
&c.) nguo sa kupamba, mapazia,
bendera, Stc.

a. -a kutokeza, -a kufanya domo,
-2 mbavuni pa kilima.

Hangman, n. asikari | mwenyi kazi
kufisha watu kwa kusonga|.

Hank, n. fungu la uzi | hariri, Sc.),
kivunge, shada.

Hanker, vy. taka kwa bidit, -wa na
shauko. Have a hankering, -wa
na uchu, tunuka.

Hansom-cab, n. | gari la kuchukulia
watu lenyi magurudumu mawili|.

Hap, n. bakati, nasibu, tukio.

Haphazard, n. bahaiz, ovyo. (He
did it)at haphazard, awesavyo, ghd-
fala, kwa bahati.

Hapless, a. masikini.

Haply, adv. kwa bahatt, kwa na-
sthu, huenda.

Happen, v. ‘usta, -wa. Happen to,
pata. It happened, kwa nasibu,
kwa bahati.

Happily, adv. kwa furaha; (well)
vema, Vizuri, kwa bahati.

Happiness, n. raha, furaha, kicheko,
heri, suudi,

Happy, a. -a furaha, -a heri, -a ba-
hatt; (in disposition) -chekefu,
-chekelest, -chezi, -a furaha; (skil-
ful) hodart, -elekevu, -ema.

Harangue, n. maneno, usemi, ho-
tuba.

v. semeéa, toa maneno,

Harass, v. uthi, sumbua, chokosza,

HARBINGER

Harbinger, n. mjumbe (wa-), mleta
habari, mtangulizi, kijumbe.

Harbour, n. bandari; (refuge) pa
kukimbilia, kituo.

— v. karibisha, pokea; (keep in
mind) shika, weka moyoni.

Hard, a. -gumu, yabts, -stto, -kalt.
Go hard with, kulia, thiki. Get
hard, shupana, pindamana, kazana,
ganda. Be hard up, stdtwa, thiki.
Hard times, siku za taabu, shidda.
Hard of hearing, kiziwi kidogo,
-stostkia vema.

adv. sana, kwa nguvu, shidda.
Hard by, karibu, palepale.

Hard-earned, a. -/iopatika kwa shi-
dda, -a shidda.

Harden, v. fanya -gumu, tia ugumu,
thubutisha, kaza, gandamisza.

Hardened, a. -gumu,-shupafu, -zoefu
wa mabaya.

Hard-featured, a. -enyz uso mkali.

Hard-fisted, a. -kabithi, -kavu,
-ZUMU.

Hard-fought, a. -kali, -a juhudi.

Hard-headed, a. -a busara, -a akili
barabba.

Hard-hearted, a. -enyi moyo mgumu,
-kalt, pasipo huruma.

Hardihood, n. ujasiri, ugumu, uho-
dari, uthabiti.

Hardly, adv. skidda; (cruelly) vigu-
mu, vikali,

Hardness, n. ugumu, uyabist; (of
wood) uwhzana, ubishi, ugumu.

Hard-set, a. (egg) -viza, -wiza.

Hardship, n. Zaabu, msiba; (griev-
ance) jambo sito, thulumu.

Hardware, n. [vztu vya chuma na
madini ngumu).

Hardy, a. hodari, -z0efu wa kazi na
taabu; (shameless) b:/a haya.

Hare, n. (namna kubwa ya\sungura,
katiti.

Hare-brained, a. sz -angalifu, kama
wastmo, -potofu.

Hare-lip, n. mdomo wa pande.

Harem, n. (nyumba ya waanake ;
jamii ya masuria wa mtu mmoja |.

Haricot, n. (maandasi ya nyama na
mboga|.

170

HARVEST-HOME

Hark, int. sikiliza !

Harleguin, n. mchekeshaji, mcheshi,
mtu wa kuchezacheza.

Harlot, n. kakaba | ma-|.

Harm, n. mathara, shari, thulumu,
hasara.

—— v. thuru, thulumu, haribu, ka-
siri,

Harmful, a. -enyi mathara, -a ku-
umiza, -baya.

Harmless, a. sz -a kuthuru, st -a
shari, -pole; (feeble) thaifu, -nyo-
nge.

Harmonies, n. | maarifa ya sauti). '

Harmonious, a. -@ kupatana, -a
amani; (in music) -enyt ulinganifu
[wa sautt), -a kulingana.

Harmoniun, n. kinanda, santuri.

Harmonize, v. patanisha, lingant-
sha, (neut.) chukuana, lingana.

Harmony, 0. amani, mapatano, mo-
yo mmoja; (in music) ulinganifu

> wa sauti, sautt sa kulingana.

Harness, n. matandiko | ya frasi).

— v. tandtka | frasi).

Harp, n. kinubi.

— v. figa kinubi. Harp upon,
nena marra kwa marra.

Harper, n. mpiga kinubi.

Harpoon, n. chusa, munda.

—— v. piga munda, paga.

Harpy, n. [mthalimu mbaya na mko-
roft).

Harrier, n. (mbwa wa kuwindia
sungura |.

Harrow, n. (chombo cha kulimia,
chenyi meno mengi ya kuvunja-
vunja udongo |.

v. tumia Harrow ; (vex) cho-
hoza, sumbua, thst.

Harrowing, a. -a kuhuzunisha, -a
kutesa, -baya.

Harry, v. feka, onea, sumbua.

Harsh, a. -ali, -zilo.

Harshness, n. #kali.

Hart, n. (nyama kama paa).

Hartebeest, n. kongone | kupuni).

Harvest, n. mavuno; (profit) fayzda,
chumo.

Harvest-home, n. (siku kuu ya ku.
maliza mavuno).

HAS

Has, 7az. Have.

Hash, n. [maandasi ya nyama|.
Make a hash of, boruga, haribu.

Hasp, n. pete | ya kufungia).

Hassock, n. msala | mdogo mnene).

Haste, n. taraka, wepesi, hima, ki-
kaka, pupa, tadi.

——, Hasten, v. himiza, haraki-
sha, kimbilisa ; (neut.) fanya hima,
fanya haraka, enda upesi, enda
mbio.

Hastily, adv. kwa haraka.

Hastiness, n. taraka, wepesi.

Hasty, a. -a haraka, -a ghdfala.
Speak hasty words, kimbiliza

maneno.

Hat,n. chapeo; (cap) Zofia; (turban)
kilemba eee P) Aafia; (

Hateh, v. angua, ongua; (devise)
bunt, tunga, fanyiza.

—n. (mlango mfupi, mlango wa
kushukia ndani ya merikebu |.

Hatchet, n. shoka, kishoka.

Hatchway, n. | mlango wa kushukia
ndani ya merikebu |.

Hate, v. chukia, onea chuki sana.

n. machukio.

Hateful, a. -a kuchukiza, -baya sana.

Hatred, n. machukio.

areal n. [mwusa chapeo, kofia,
&c.].

Haughty, a. -a kiburi, -a kutharau,

‘ea kupiga makuu, -a fahari.

Haul, v. kokota, vuta kwa nguvu,
burura.

——n. (of fish) vuo (ma-), mumbi.
At one haul, marra moja, théruba
moja.

Haunch, n. paja |ma-), tako [ma-}.

Haunt, v. endea marra kwa marra,
penda kukaa, z0elea | mahali), fa-
nya makao, dumia.

n. makao, makazi, farrathi.

Have, v. (p. t. na pf.t. Had) -wa na;
(possess) wetliks; (take, get) ‘waa,
pata; (be under obligation) paswa,
shuruttshwa, lazimishwa ; (cause)
amuru, fanyiza, dirtki; (effect)
pata, shinda; (in comp.) -esa, -esha,
-tsha, 8c. (In verbs) -me-, e.g.
I have gone, nimekwenda. Ihave

171

HEAD

to go, sina buddi kwenda, iment-
bidi kwenda. I will have it done,
nitafanyiza, itafanyika, juu yangu
Asi, nitaamuru ifanyike, sharti
kufanya, fanyiza. 1 will have it
divided among you, #ziawagawanyi-
sia ninyi. She had a child, alizaa
mtoto. Have in mind, fatamu,
nia, kumbuka. Have in honour,
heshimu, jali. Have a care,
Jjihathari; (take care of) Zunza.
Have it out, sema wast, kata neno,
kwisha. Have on, waa. What
has he on? amevaani?

Haven, n. bandari, kituo, mahali pa
raha.

Haversack, n. mkoba, bahasha.

Having,a.-enyi,-kiwa na, [-mekuwa
naj.

Havoo, n. maangamizi makuu, uha-
vibifu mwingi, shari, hasara.

Hawk, n. mwewe, tat mdogo.

—— v. fembeza.

Hawker, n. mchuuzi, dalali.

Haweer, n. kamba kubwa nene.

Hawthorn, n. (mti mdogo wenyi
miiba, mchongoma |).

Hay, n. majani | yaliyokatika, ma-
kavu), ukoka mkavu.

Haycock, n. chungu la Hay.

Haymaker, n. mkata majani.

Hazard, n. hatart; (chance) bahati.
At haphazard, kwa bakati.

—— v. hatarisha, fanya kwa hatari, -
bahatisha.

Hazardous, 2. -enyi khatari,

Haze, n. umande, kungu, mvuke,
giza; (perplexity) mashaka.

Hasy, a. -enyi Haze; (indistinct) sz
thahire, st baini.

He, pron. yeye (mume); (emphat.)
yule; (in comp.) a-, yu. It is
he, He is the man, ndiye. There
he is! That is he! huyo/

Head, n. kichwa |vi-), kitwa; (ofa
ship) omo; (intellect) akili; (chief)
mkuu, mjumbe; (front) makali pa
mbele ; (single individual) [wats ao
nyama mmoja mmoja|; (source)
mwanzo, asili; (cape) ras; (top)
mahali pa juu; (force) nguvu;

HEAD

(perfection) usttaw?, upeo, kuiva
¢pu|; (division, section) sehemu,
ungu (la maneno |; (of spear, 8c. )
chuma, chembe [vy-]; (of a bed)
mcthago. Come to a head, zva,
sitawt. From head to foot, Over
head and ears, fia, kabisa, -ote.
Out of his own head, kwa peke
yake, kwa akili zake. Off one’s
head, -enyi wazimo. Over his head,
kijuujuu, kupita akili zake. Turn
one’s head (delude), fumbaza. Lay
heads together, fanya shauri pa-
moja. Put out of one’s head,
sahaulisha, Takeinto one’s head,
nia, azimu. Lose one’s head, fo-
lewa akili, fathaika. Make head,
pata nguvu, endelea, fanya nguvu,
anza kushinda. Show one’s head,
toa kichwa, onekana wazi.

Head, v. -wa mkuu wa, ongoza,
tangulia; (obstruct) suia mbele,
pingia njia; (be directed) Zekea,
kabili.

Headache, n. kitwa. My head aches,
Ihave a headache, kiwa chantuma.

Head-band, Head-dress, Head-
gear, n. (of women) ukaya, dusa-
mali.

Heading, n. anwani.

Headland, n. ras.

Headlong, a. -a shindo, -a nguvu,
-a kassi.

- Head-guarters,n. | jumba la serkali,
hema ao makao ya jemadari, ma-
hali patokapo amri).

Head-rest, n. (wooden) msamilo
(mi).

Headship, n. ujumbe, ukuu.

Headstrong, a. -shupafu, -kaidt,
gumu, -a parara. e is head-
strong, afuata nafsi yake,

Head-wind, n. pepo za omo.

Heady,a. (4ama Headstrong]; (in-
toxicating) -a hulevesha, kileo.

Heal, v. ponya, poza; (neut.) pona,

poa.

Healing, a. -4 kuponya; (things)
mapozo.

—— n. kuponya.

Health, n. usima, afya, hali, nguvu.

172

HEART

Healthy, Healthful, a. -a afya,
-28ma, -a kutia afya.

Heap, n. fungu | ma-), chungu ; (of
stone) doma; (of sticks) bzw2, kim
chaka; (ofearth) kisugulu; (raised
bed in garden) Zutfa [ma-]}. Lie
in heaps (one on top of another),
elekana, pandana.

, Heap up (together), v. ku-
sanya fungu, fanya chungu, tia
-tmgt; (one on top of another)
andikanya; (earth, &c.)/usia, palta,

Hear, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Heard) sikia,
stkiliza; (grant) kubali; (judge)
hukumu, amua; (be told) ambiwa,
arifiwa. Hear from, pata barua
ya. Hear of, fata habari ya;
(agree to) kubali, rtthia.

Hearer, n. msikizi | wa-|.

Hearing, n. kusikia, kuona kwa

masikio; (audience) rukusa |na-
fasi) ya kusema maneno; (legal)
baraza, hukumu.

Hearken, v. sikia, sikiliza.

Hearsay, n. maneno, wasemavyo
watu, uvums; (mere talk) maneno
ya ovyo, mawe.

Hearse, n. (gari kubwa la kuchukua
Jeneza mazikoni |.

Heart, n. moyo [mz-]; (disposition)
labia, roho; (energy) bidii, ngu-
vu; (feeling) huruma, hubba;
(inmost part) asils, isn? ; (mean
ing) maana ya ndant, maana ya
strt, asili; (beloved) kipenzi. A
soft heart, kuruma nyingi. After
one’s own heart, -a kupendeza
halisi. At heart, kwa kweli.
Have at heart, penda moyoni,
kusudia kwa moyo, taka kwa bidis.
Be out of heart, Lose heart, kata
tamaa, legea. Lose one’s heart
(fall in love), smgza uchumba, pata
mchumba, shikwa na wupendo, .
Take heart, jipa moyo, piga moyo
konde. Take to heart, onea sikitiko
[uchungu| rohoni, sikitikia, fikiri
sana, Open the heart to, funulia
habba. Set the heart on, asta moyo,
taka kwa moyo, jifunga kwa, tia
habbant, With all one's heart,

HEART-BREAKING

sana, kwa moyo wa bidii. Heart
and soul, 1a, kabisa, haswa halisi.
Have the heart to, t#udutu. Have
one’s heart in one’s mouth, sfx-
shwa, tishwa. His heart was in his
throat, moyo ukampalia rohoni,
akawa na tanzi la roho.

Heart-breaking, Heart-rending,
a. -st/o sana, -a kuvunja moyo.

Heart-broken, a. -a kushindwa na
taabu, -enyi husuni kuu.

Heart-burn, n. (fumbo la kuwasha
ndant |.

Heart-burning, n. ugomvi, uchungu,
chuki, mfundo.

Hearten, v. a moyo, fariji.

Heart-felt, a. -a moyoni, -a kweli,

Hearth, n. meko, moto; (home) nyu-
mba, kwake | kwao, &c.).

Hearthstone, n. (jiwe pana chini
ya meko; (home) nyumba ya mtu,
kwake).

Heartless, a. pasipo huruma, -kali,
“korofi.

Heart-sick, a. -a kuugua moyoni.

Hearty, a. -enyt afya njema, -a
nguvu; (genial, frank) -kunjufu,
nyofu, -enyi utu mwema; (ener-
getic) -a bidii,-a moyo. A hearty
meal, chakula tele, shibe.

Heat, n. moto, joto, hari, jasho;
(anger) hasira, ghathabu, ukali,
moyo juu; (vehemence) 4:d:2; (in
racing, &c.) marra, zamu, shindo,
safari; (sexual) nyegi. Prickly
heat, karara.

v. pasha moto, tia moto; (en-
rage, excite) kasirisha, tia bidit,
sukuma, washa.

Heath, n. wangwa, nyika; (flower)
[maua madogo ya nyika).

Heathen, n. na a. kafiri (ma-],
mshenzi (wa-).

Heathendom, n. inchi za makafiri,
ushenzi.

Heathenish, a. -a kishenzi, -a ki
kafiri.

Heathenism, n. ukafiri, ushenzi.

Heather, n. (maua madogo ya nyika |.

Heathery, a. -enyz Heather.

Heave, v. (p. t. [pangine] Hove)

178

‘HEEDLESS

inua kwa juhudi, sukuma kwa
nguvu, jitahidi ; (palpitate) piga-
piga, puma; (undulate) panda na
shuka kama mawimbi, kwelea;
(throw) Zufa. Heave anchor,
ng'oa nanga. Heave a sigh, ugua,
kokota roho. Weave to (ship),
simama, tua. Heave in sight,
onekana baharini.

Heave, n. (effort) kusukuma kwa
juhudi, shindo; (undulation)
[mwendo wa mawimbi juu na chi-
nt, kwelea ; (of the heart) Pigo.

Heaven, n. peponi, huko, kule; (sky)
uwingu (mbingu), samawati (Ar.);
(air) anga, hewa; (beautiful place)
mahali pa raha, pazuri sana;
(providence) Mwungu ; (bliss) kali
ya raha mstarehe.

Heavenly, a. (celestial) -2 mbinguni,
-@ juu; (saintly) -2 kumpendeza
Muungu, -ema sana, -takatifu;
(beautiful, blissful) -surz mno.

Heavenward, a. -a kwenda mbi-
nguni, -a kumpendeza Muungu.

Heaviness, n. uzito, uthani; (grief)
hamu, huzuni.

Heavy, a. -22/0, -a kulemea ; (abund-
ant) -ing?, -kubwa. A heavy loss,
hasara kubwa. A heavy storm,
mvua nyingi, tufanu. A heavy
sea, mawimbi makubwa. A heavy
heart, moyo wa huzuni. A heavy
fire, bunduki | mizinga) nyingi.

Hebrew, a. na n. -cbrania, -yahudi,
-tsraelt.

Hecatomb, n. [sadaka kubwa ya
nyama nyingt |.

Hectic, a. -a koma.

Hector, v. chokoza, sumbua.

Hedge, n. ua [my-], boma la miti
(miiba, michongoma).

— Vv. zungushia ua, fanyia boma ;
(secure oneself) jilinda, jihathari.

Hedgehog, n. Doama kama nungu-
nungu mdogo|,

Hedge-sparrow, n. (ndege mdogo|.

Heed, v. sikia, angalia, kubali, tit,

—— 0. usikizi, utii, hathars.

Heedful, a. -enys Heed, n.

Heedless, a. si -enyz Heed, -singa.

HEEDLESSNESS

Heedlessness, n. ujinga.

Heel, n. kifundo [kisigino|chamguu,
kisigino; (lower part, end) upande
wa chini, lako, mwisho. At heel,
karibu kwa nyuma, -kifuata, Take
to one's heels, Show the heels,
kimbia.

— Vv. inama upande, jiintka. Heel
over, pinduka.

Heifer, n. mtamba | mi-) wa ng'ombe.

Height, n. urefu wa kwenda juu,
kimo, utambo, urefu, kwenda juu;
(high place) mahali pa juu, mlima,
kilima, kilele; (rank) cheo kiku-
bwa; (highest, best state) wingi,
upeo, nguvu, ‘usitawi. At the
height of, -/ipfosttawi, -lipokuwa
-ingt. The height of folly, #jinga
mkupu.

Heighten, v. ongeza kwa juu, ongeza.

Heinous, a. -a kuchukiza,-baya sana.

Heir, n. mrithi (wa-|.

Heir-apparent, Heir-presump-
tive, n. (mtu atakayekuwa mrithi).

Heiress, n. (mwanamke) mrithi,
bibi tajiri.

Heirloom, n. mali ya urithi, mali
langu zamani, tunu.

Held, p.t. na pf. t. ya Hold.

Heliograph, n. | kipande cha huasht-
ria kwa kioo na mwanga wa jua).

Hell, n. jehannum, makao ya mashe-
lani na watu wabaya; (place of
departed spirits) akera, peponi;
(place of punishment) mahali pa
athabu; (bad place) makali pa-
baya, nyumba ya watu wabaya.

Hellenic, a. -4 kiyonani.

Hellenist, n. | Myahudi msema kiyo-
nani; (scholar) ajuaye kiyonani|.

Hellish, a, -a kishetani, -baya mno.

Helm, n. msukani, shikio.

Helmet, n. kofia ya chuma, chapeo
ya vita.

Helminthio, a. (dawa) ya michango,
ya kutoa michango matumboni.

Helmsman, n. rubani, mshiki msu-
kani.

Help, v. sayidia, auni, leta shime;
(be of use, encourage) ta nguvu,
faa; (stop, check) s«éa; (give food

174

HERALD

to) gawia chakula. May I help
you to fish ? nikupe samaki kidogo ?
Help oneself to, ¢waa; (food)
mega. | cannot help doing this,
sharti (sina buddi) kufanya. It
cannot be helped, shart: swe, haina
buddi kuwa.

Help, n. msaada, shime; (relief) wo-
kovu, dawa; (mutual help of neigh-
bours) w«jima, kusayidtana; (of
food) mego, sehemu.

Helper, n. mtu wa kufaa, msayidta.

Helpful, a. -a kufaa, -a husayidia.

Helpless, a. thaifu, ~jinga, hana
shauri.

Helpmate, n. mwenzi, rafiki; (wife)
mke.

Helter-skelter, adv. kwa mbiombio,
kwa fujo, kwa haraka,

Hem, v. kunga, pinda. Hem in,
zunguka, funga.

— n. upindo.

Hematite, n. | jiwe lenyi chuma).

Hemisphere, n. mussu ya dunia;
[Attu chenyi umbo wa nussu ya
chungwa, kizio),

Hemlock, n. (maua ya sumu |).

Hemorrhage, n. Yaz. Haemor-
rhage.

Hemp, n. kifani.

Hempen, a. (rope) | kamba) ulaits,
ya kitani.

Hen,n. tuku; (female bird) ndegejike.

Hence, adv. (of place) kuku, hapa,
toka hapa; (of time) Zangu leo;
(by reason of) kwa hiyo, kwa sa-
babu hiyo. Hence! toka! ondoka!

Henceforth, adv. tangu leo, tokea
sasa.

Hen-coop, n. tundu la kuku.

Henna, n. hina.

Hen-pecked, a. -enyz kuchokoswa
na mkewe.

Hepatio, a. -a maint.

Her, pron. yeye [mwanamke), yule ;
(in verbs) -m-. She gives her,
mwanamke) ampa (mwanamke).

— a. -ake |mwanamke|.

Herald, n. mjumbe [wa-], mtangu-
list, mleta habari, mpiga mbiu.

— v,. fangasa mbele, onya, lela.

HERALDIC

Heraldic, a. -¢ Heraldry.

Heraldry, n. (maarifa ya ukoo na
ujamaa, na ya alama za kustonye-
sha).

Herb, n. mmea (mi-|).
able), mboga, majani.

Herbage, n. majani.

Herbalist, n. mwenyi maarifa ya
mamea | zayidi ifaayo kwa madawa |.

Herculean, a. (strong) -@ nguvu
nyingi mno; (difficult) -2 hatarz,
-a shidda, -kubwa sana, -a kazi.

Herd, n. kundi (ma-, la nyama wa-
kubwa|; (common people) jamti
ya wafu wanyonge, makutano.

—— v. fanya makundi.

Herdsman, n. mchunga | wa-).

Here, adv. kuku, humu, hapa; (of
time)sasa. Here! njoo! (pl )njooni!
Hereabouts, kama hapa, karibu.
Hereafter, baadaye, halafu. Here
and there, 4uko na huko. Hereby,
Herein, Herewith, Hereupon, 4:71,
kwa hiyo, hapa, humo. Heretofore,
mbele, hatta sasa, zamani. Hereof,
Juu ya hit, juu yake, habari zake.

Hereditary, a. -4 kurilhika, kwa
urithi.

Heresiarch, n. | mwenyi kuanzisha
ao kusitawisha uzushi, mzushi
mkuu),

Heresy, n. (ukosefu wa imani ya
kweli ao ya desturi , uzushi, nia
ngeni.

Heretic, n. mzushi, mtu wa Heresy.

Heretical, a. -2 Heresy.

Heritage, n. urithi.

Hermetically, adv. kabisa, halisi.

Hermit, n. mkaa pekee, wa peke yake,
mta wa, walii | ma-), mpweke.

Hermitage, n. makao ya Hermit.

Hernia, n. mshipa wa ngiri (?), ku-
vunjika tumbo.

Hero, n. mwanaume shujaa (ma-],
Jahalti |ma-), simba.

Heroic, a. -4 Hero.

Heroine, n. Hero wa kike.

Heroism, n. ushujaa, utu ume.

Heron, n. (ndege kama korongo|.

Herring, n. (samaki ndogo ya baha-
vini).

Herbs (eat-

175

HIGH

Hers, a. -ake | mwanamke).
Herself, pron. yeye mwenyewe, yule-
yule (mwanamke); (reflex.) -ji-.
Hesitate, v. shangaa, sita, ingiwa na
shaka, fanya waswas; (in speak-

ing) kikisa, babaika.

Hesitation, n. £ust/a, msangao, was-
was; (in speaking) kubabaika.

Heterodox, a. |-kosefu wa imani ya
kweli ao ya desturi), -2ushi, -a nia
ngeni.

Heterogeneous, a. [-enyt namna
nyingi zilizo mbali pamoja |, -a ku-
tangamana, mbalimbali.

Hew, v. (pf. t. [ fangine) Hewn)
kata | miti), chanja, kata.

Hezagonal, a. -enyi pande sila.

Hey! int. ewe! wee!

Hiatus, n. shimo, ufa, nafasi wazi,

Pungufu.

Hibernate, v. | isha kipupwe ao
wakali wa baridi kwa usingizi).
Hibernation, n. | usingizi wa kupi-

sha kipupwe).

Hibernian, a. -a Ireland.

Hiccup, Hiccough, n. kwikwe.

Hidden, a. -a siri, -a fumbo, -a ku-
sttrtka, :

Hide, v. (p. t. Hid, pf. t. Hidden,
Hid) setiri, ficha, funika.

—— n. ngozi | ya nyama|.

Hideous, a. -enyt umbo mbaya sana,
-a kulisha, -a kitisho, -a kuchu-
kiza.

Hiding, n. maficho; (beating) ma-
pigo mengi, kupigwa.

Hierarchy, n. serkali ya Kanisa,
jamit ya mapadre; (gradation of
ranks) madaraja.

Hieroglyphics, n. (sanamu zenyi
kuonya maneno, zitumikazo kwa
harufu, zayidi za Wamisri wa
kale, harufu za sanamu; mwa-
ndiko wa siri, fumbo la harufu).

Higgle, v. piga bet, gombana, bi-
shana.

High, a. -a juu, -refu | kwa kwenda
juu); (excellent, glorious) bora,
“tukufu, -a heshima; (presump-
tuous) -a fahari, -a kiburi, -enyi
makuu; (powerful) -a nguvu, -ku-

HIGH-BORN

bwa; (difficult) -gumu; (dear)
ghali; (of sound) -embamba; (of
meat) -a kunuka,-a kuoza. High
and low, (of place) killa makali,
kotekote; (of persons) wangwana
kwa wafumwa. High treason,
kumwasi mfalme ao serkali. High
art, uzuri halisi. High day, siku
kuu; (noon) mchana mkuu, jua
kitwani. High tide, High water,
majt ya kujaa, majt makuu. It
is high time, wakati umewadia.
High words, maneno ya hasira.
With a high hand, kwanguvu, kwa
jeuri. High spirit, moyo mwepesi,
moyowabidii. HighChurch,[ Wa-
masihiya wa Kanisa la kiingereza
wenyi sayidi kulitukuza Kanisa,
ndio wangoje wake na siri zake na
desturi zake na uzuri wa ibada).
On high, yuu. The Most High,
Muungu, Mwenyiezi Muungu,
Mola. Speak in high terms of,
sifu. The highest pitch (point,
degree), kipeo, kikomo, usitawi.
High antiguity, samani za kale.
Of the highest kind, -a kwisha.

High-born, a. -a cheo kikubwa, -a
jamaa bora, -toto wa watu.

High-bred, a. -a mbegu njema ; (po-
lite) -a adabu, -a heshima.

High-coloured, a. -2 rangi za ku-
ng'aa; (exaggerated) -@ kupiga
chuku, -enyi habari za kuajabi-
sha.

High-flown, High-sounding, a. -a
juujuu, -a kupiga makuu, -a fa-
hari.

High-handed, a. -A jeuri, -a Nguvu,
-thalimu,

Highland, n. 2achi za juu, milima,
palipoinuka.

Highly, adv. sana, vema.
highly of, sifu.

High-minded, High-principled,
High-souled, a. -emyi moyo
mzuri (safi, mweupe|, -enyi nia
njema, -a utu bora.

Highness, n. utukufu, fahari. Your
Highness, Seyids wangu, Bwana
wangu.

Speak

176

HIRE

High-pressure, a. -a nguvu nyingi ;
(busy)-ashughuli nyingi,-ajuhudi.

High-priest, n. mkohani mkuu.

High-principled, a. -enyi tabza bora,
-a ufu mwema, -a haki.

High-road, Highway, n. njia kuu.

High-seasoned, a. -a kukolewa.

High-spirited, High-mettled, a.
halt, -epesi, hodari.

High-strung, High-wrought, a. (of
feelings) -2 moyo wa kupigapiga,
-a moyo wa juujuu, -A moyo wa
haraka.

Highwayman, n. mnyang'anyi, pa-
kacha | ma-|, mtoro.

Hilarious, a. -a furaha, Sc,

Hilarity, n. furaha, kicheko, uku-
njufu.

Hill, n. kilima |vt-).

Hillock, n. kisugulu |vi-|.

Hilly, a. -enyi vilima.

Hilt, n. kipini |vi- |.

Him, pron. yeye |mume), yule; (in
verbs) -m-. He gives him [mwa-
naume) ampa (mwanaume).

Himself, pron. yeye mwenyewe, yule
yule (mwanaume); (reflex.) -72-.

Hind, n. paa jike.

——, Hinder, a. -@ nyuma.

Hinder, v. sua, pinga, tatantsha.

Hindermost, Hindmost, a. -4 nyu-
ma kabisa, -a mwisho.

Hindoo, n. 2a a. Mhinadt'[ Wa-), -a
kihindi.

Hindrance, n. kizuiso, kizuio |vi- |),
mgogoro | mi-|.

Hinge, n. patta, bawaba.

Hint, v. dokeza, nyong' oneza, konye-
za, onya kidogo | kwa siri ), fumbia.

n. dokezo |ma-), mnong'ono
(mi-), onyo dogo, neno la fumbo,
habari kidogo. Give a hint, Throw
out hints, = Hint, v.

Hip, n. nyonga.

Hippopotamus, n. doko |vi-),
tomondo,

Hire, n. ujira, ara, mshahara, pesa
sa kazi.

—— v. panga, ajiri; (hire out, let
on hire), pangisha, ajirisha, ko-
disha.

HIRELING

Hireling, n. mtu wa mshahara,
mtumishi, kibarua.

His, a. -ake (mwanaume).

Hiss, v. lia kama nyoka; (show
disapproval, contempt) /yonya,
cheka, pigia kelele, fukuza.

n. mito wa nyoka.

Hist! int. kimya! nyamaza!

Historian, n. mwandishi wa His-
tory, msimulizi.

Historic, Historical, a. 4- History;
enyi kuhadithiwa mengi, -enyi
hadithi, -a maana sana, -a kweli.

History, n. (hadithi yenyi hakika,
habari za kweli, mambo yaliyokwi-
sha kuwa); (account, narrative)
hadithi, taarifu, habari.

Histrionic, a.-a Stage; -a Theatre.

Hit, v.(p.t. za pf. t. Hit) piga, gonga ;
(attain) sata. Hit against each
other, gongana. Hiton, kufa, pata.
Hit off, eleza, fafanisha vizuri.

n. pigo; (successful effort) pzgo
la heri, bahati njema; (clever
speech) neno la heri.

Hitch, v. funga; (be joined with)
fungamana; (stick, go by jerks)
kwama, kokota mwendo, tatanika,

n. kifungo, kizuio, kikwazo.

Hither, adv. kuku, hapa.
and thither, kuko na huko.

Hitherto, adv. hatta sasa, hatta leo.

Hive, n. fundu la nyuki, mzinga,
kundi la nyuki; (crowded place)
penyi watu wengi, penyi ghasia.

Ho! int. ebu! /0-0!

Hoar, a. -eupe, -enyi mvi.

Hoard, n. akiba, kandi.

v. weka akiba, weka kwa choyo,
kabithi.

Hoarding, n. ukabilhi, Sc. ; (fence)
ua wa mbau.

Hoar-frost, n. thelujz, umande wa
theluji.

Hoarse, a. (voice) -a kupwewa, -a
kukauka, -kavu.

Hoarseness, n. kupwewa sauti, ku-
kaukiwa sauti.

Hoary, a. (white) -eupe [Awa maisha
mengi); (grey-haired) -enyi mvi;
(old) -a kale sana.

177

Hither |.

HOLD

Hoax, n. ubishi, mchezo, mzaha.

—— v. dangunya, lhihaki.

Hob, n. | bamba la chuma juu ya
moto jikoni).

Hobble, v. chechemea, kwenda chopi,
chegea; (fetter) fungia pingu.

——n. matata.

Hobby, n. kipendi,
sturs. .

Hobgoblin, n. szsimwt, jini baya,

Hobnail, n. msomart wa viatu.

Hock, n. [divat ya kidacht|; (of
horse) (got: la frasi nyuma|.

Hockey, n. (mchezo wa tufe ndogo
na fito).

Hocus-pocus, n. upuzi, maneno ya
kilinge, kiini macho.

Hod, n. chano [vy-}.

Hodge-podge, n. machanganyiko,
fujo.

Hos, n. zembe | ma-|.

v. lima, palilia. |
Hog, n. nguruwe ndume; (wild)
nyuruwe wa mwilu,jivi,

Hogshead, n. pipa kubwa.

Hoist, v. inya, pandisha ;
load, &c.) zweka.

Hold, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Held) skzka,

kamata; (think) thant, thania; (be
in force) kaa, -wa na nguvu; (con-
tain) weka. Hold! simama!
bass! It holds water, haivusz;
(of statement, plan) yafaa, ni
nzuri. Hold the breath, zuia
[paaza| pumuzt. Hold out, (en-
dure) wumilia, tosha, stahimilt,
St shindwa; (extend) nyosha, toa.
Hold forth (of speech), oa maneno
wazi. Hold in, zuza. Hold good,
-wa na nguvu, -faa. Hold a
meeting, fanya mkutano ; (a court,
council) darz2z. Hold off, jitenga,
kaa mbali. Hold on, fuliza,
dumu, endelea; (keep hold)
shikilia, Holdon! ngoja kwanza !
Hold up, :mwa; (take courage)
jipa moyo; (of weather) anuka.
Hold by, to, or with, -wa hali
moja na, -wa upande wa, pendelea,
taka. Hold together, shikamana ;
(appear true) shudetika,

hizoeo, ade-

(sail,

N

HOLD

178

HONOUR

Hold, n. mshiko; (stronghold) ngome, | Home, a. -a hwetu,-a karibu; (telling)

boma ; (ofa ship) ngama, banduru,
fumbo; (authority) uwezo, amri.
Get hold of, kamata, shikilia, weza,
pata. Keep a hold on him,
usimwache. Lay hold of, shikilia.
I have a hold on him, namwia.

Hole, n. tundu [ma-|\, kitundu, sht-
mo|ma- ), pango | ma-),kipango,kuo
[ma-]; (through a thing) kipenyo;
(for seed) korongo |ma-); (for
light, air) mwangaza | mi-]; (in ear)

é. Be in a hole (difficulty),
-wa na. mashaka, kwama. Make
a hole, zwa, toboa; (with drill)

. pekecha ; (with spade, &c.) fukua,
chimbua. 7

Holiday, n. (festival) siku kuu. Be
given a holiday, achtwa siku, liks-
zwa.

Holiness, n. utakatifu, usafi, uta” wa,
usufit.

Hollow, a. wazi ndani, -vungu,
-tupu, -enyi uvurungu; (false): sz
kweli, st halisi, -enyt hila.

—— n. bonde, shimo, mvungu.

- (out), v. Zomba, fukua.

Hollow-eyed, a. macho ndani.

Hollow-hearted, a. -erevu, -danga-
nyifu, si amini.

Hollowness, n. uvurungu ; (falsity)
hila, udanganyifu, matupu.

Holster, n. mfuko | katika matandiko
ya frasi).

Holy, a. -fakatifu, safi; (consecrated)
wakfu.
katifu.

Homage, n. heshima kuu, ibada.
Do homage, -fa heshima, sujudia,
shika miguu.

Home, n. (of house) kwangu (kwa-
ko, kwake, &c. |, nyumba; (of place,
country, &c.) Awetu | kwenu, kwao,
&c.], encht, makao; (locality) ma-
hali; (refuge) makimbilio. He is
at home, yuko (kwake). I feel
myself at home, Aujtona niko
kwetu. Make yourself at home,
usifanye haya, hapa kama kwako.
Be at home in, jwa sana, soelea
sana,

Holy Ghost, Roko Mia-.

-a kupenya moyoni, -enyi njia.
Home-thrust, pzg0 la nguvu, neno
kubwa.

— adv. kwake (kwao, &c.], hatta
kwake, hatta ndani, haita mwisho,
sana. Go home, enda kwake;
(have effect) -wa na nguvu, shinda.

Home-bred, a. -zalia, -a kwetu.

Homeless, a. -a kutupwa, -a kupotea.
He is homeless, kana kwake.

Homely, a. -a kimashamba, vivi
Atvt. A homely feeling, kujiona
kama kwetu | kwao, &c.).

Home-sick (Be), v. Zamani sana
inchi yetu (yao, S:c.), kumbuka
kwetu | kwao, &c. |, wasa kwao.

Home-sickness, n. jamu ya kuku-
mbuka kwao; (sickness on leaving
home and settling in a strange
place) ukunguru.

Homestead, n. (nyumba shambani).

Homeward, adv. -4 kwenda kwetu,
-a kurudi. Homeward-bound
(ship), -”ayorudt, -a kwenda kwao.

Homicide,n. (person) mwuaji ; (act)
kuua mtu.

Homily, n. kofuba.

Homogeneous, a. -enyi namna moja
tu,-ole sawa pia, -ole namna moja,

Homologous, a. sawa, namna moja,
-a kufanana.

Hone, n. jiwe la kunolea, kinoo.

Honest, a. amini, -aminifu, -nyofu.

Honesty, n. amini, uaminifu, unyo-

Ju, moyo safi (mweupe.

Honey, n. asali ya nyuki.

Honey-comb, n. [w/a yenyi asali),
mkale wa nyuki.

Honeymoon, n. (muda wa kukaa

Jaraghanibaada ya arusi |, fungate.

Honorary, a. -4 heshima tu, si -a
mshahara. An honorary office,
kazi billa pesa.

Honour, n. heshima, utukufu;
(trustworthiness, justice) wamimifu,
amini, kweli, haki ; (rank) daraja
bora, sifa njema. Debt of honour,
deni ya ahadi, si ya sharti. Word
of honour, atadi. It is a point of
honour with me, imeahidi, sme-

HONOUR
nibidt. On my honour, natoa aha-
di. Honour bright,- kweli, ndio

ahadi. Be held in honour, heshi-
miwa, slahiwa, 8c.

Honour, v. heshimu, jali, tukuza,
Staht, sifu.

Honourable, a. -a heshima, &c.
(Zaz. Honour, n.) Honourable,
RightHonourable,[senola heshima
kwa watu wakubwa,na watoto wao
wangine |,

Hood, n. kifuniko cha kitwa; (wo-
man’s) siela.

Hoodwink, v. danganya, povusha
macho, aa. |

Hoof, n. ukwato [kwato), kwata.

Hook, n. kulabu; (fishing) ndoana;
(hooked stick, Sc.) upembo, kiopoo,
mti uliopetemana; (for gathering
fruit) xgoe, kingoe; (to hang things
on) chango [vy-]. By hook or by
crook, kwa njsa zole, twayo yote,
kwa vyo vyote.

—— v. (fish) vua, tega, pata.

Hooked, a. kama ndoana, -a ku-
pindtha, -liopindamana, -enyi ko-
mbo, -ltopetemana.

Hoop, n. pete kubwa, duara, guru-
dumu |ma-); (shout) Zaz.Whoop.

Hooping-cough, n. kikohozi.

Hoot, v. pigia makelele, fukuza kwa
makelele, lia “Huyo! huyo!”

Hop, v. ruka kwa mguu mmoja. -

n. yuko la mguu mmoja; |mti
wenyi maua ya kufanyizia pombe
ya kizungu, na maua yake|.

Hope, v. faraji, tumaint ; (desire)
taka, tazamta; (fancy) thant, ona

—— n. matumaint, taraja,

Hopeful, a. -enyt kutumaini, -a ta-
zaja; (giving hope) -a kutia ta-
raja, -a tumaini, -a kupendeza, -a
kufaa.

Hopeless, a. -a burre, -a kukata la-
maa, -baya kabisa, -stoponyeka.
Horde, n. kabila [la washenzt|,

kundi [a watu wabaya).

Horizon, n. (mstari pakutanapo
uwingu na inch), upeo wa ma-

cho.
Horisontal, a. [ama Horizon, -a

179

HOSPITABLE

kwenda sawa na inchi, si juu na
chini).

Horn, n. pembe; (for music) baragu-
mu. You are on the homs of a
dilemma, Auna buddi kuchagua
mawili, ukipenda usipende. Butt
with the horns, piga pembe,

Horned, a. -enyi pembe.

Hornet, n. nyiga [ma-}.

Hornpipe, n. (mcheso wa miguu,
wa mix mmoja peke yake).

Horny, a. kama |asili ya) pembe,
-gumu.

Horoscope, n. falaki | pasaliwapo

mtoto|.
Horrible, a. -a kuhofisha, -a kutisha.
Horrid, a. -a kuchukiza, -baya sana.

Horrify, v. tia hofu, hofisha, tisha,
chukisa mno.

Horror, n. hofu kuu, tisho, machukto;
(horrible object) kitu cha hofu,
kitisho, ktofa. Strike with horror,
= Horrify.

Horse, n. frasi; (cavalry) asikari
wapanda frasi; (frame, support)
tegemeo. On horseback, jus ya

Jrast. Mount (get on) a horse,
panda frasi. Get off a horse, shu-
ka juu ya frasi.

Horseman, n. mpanda frasi.

Horsemanship, n. whodar: wa ku-
panda frasi, kujua kupanda frasi.

Horse-power,n.| kipimocha kupimia
nguvu ya mtambo, kama nguvu ya
kuinua magunia miteen ya mchele

futt moja kwa dakika (minute)
moja).

Horseshoe, n. chuma (cha kukazwa
chini ya miguu ya frasi), pele.

Horsewhip, v. piga jeledi sana.

Hortatory, a.-a kuonya,-enyi shauri.

Horticulture, n. mlimo wa bustani,

Horticulturist, n. mkulima wa bue
stant,

Hose, n. (stockings) [vtfuntko vya
miguu); = Pipe.

Hosier, n. mwuza Hose.

Hosiery, n. ds¢haa za Hosier.

Hospitable, a. -4 kupokea wageni,
-karibisha wafu, -enyt mlango
mzuri,

N 3

HOSPITAL

Hospital, n. (nyumba ya kuugusia
wagonjwa |.

Hospitality, n. ukarimu, upaji, ku-
karibisha wageni. utu mwema.

Host, n. mwenyeji (w- |, mwenyi ku-
karibisha wageni; (army, multi-
tude) jeshi (ma-), wingi; (sacra-
mental) (mkate katika "kufanya
Usharika Mtakatifu).

Hostage, n. mthamini, lazima.

Hostile, a. -2 adui, -a kushindana.

Hostility, n. wadui, ushinde, ada-
wa; (war) vita.

Hostler, n. mchunga frasi, frast
wala, saist.

Hot, a. moto, -a moto; (angry, vehe-
ment) -¢pest, -kalt, -a hasira. Hot
work, kazi ya hari, kazi moto. Hot
water, maji ya moto; (trouble)
mashaka. Hot sun, jwa kali, The
sun is hot, jwa linachomosa. This
room is hot, chumba hiki kina joto.
I am hot, nina hari (| jasho). Get
hot (excited), sizimuka, taharuki.

Hot-bed, n. futa [lenyt samadi la
kusalisha sana mboga |.

Hot-blooded, Hot-tempered, Hot-
headed, a. -enyi harara wa
moyo, -a harara, -kalt, -epest, -a
hasira.

Hotel, n. nyumba ya wageni, hoteli.

Hot-house, n. kibanda Lita kuo-
leshea maua na matunda|.

Hottentot, n. [mtu mweusi wa
Afrika ya kusini).

Hough, v. 7as. Hamatring.

Hound, n. mbwa wa kuwinda.

——v. sukuma, sukumiza | kwa ma-
baya |, chomesha.

Hour, n. saa; (time, opportunity)
wakati, siku, nafasi. What is the
hour? saa ngapi? After hours, kwa
kuchelewa. Keep good hours, enda
kulala mapema. Small hours, (¢a-
ngu usiku wa manane hatia alfa-
jtrt|. Hours of prayer (day hours),
vipindi vya kusali.

Hourglass, n. (chupa yenyi mchanga
ya kuhesabia saa |,

Houri, n. (mwanamwali mzuri wa
peponi kiislamu).

180

HOW

Hourly, a. killa saa, marra kwa
marra, dayima.

House, n. nyumba, makao; (house-
hold) madaraka ya nyumba, ma-
mbo ya nyumbani, watu wa nyu-
mbani ; (family) jamaa ; (in trade)
sharika la wafanyi biashara,
kampani; (parliament) baraza.

kea nyumbani, karibisha ;
(shelter) peleka ndani, linda. Keep
house,-wananyumba, pata nyumba.
Keep open house, karibisha wote.

Housebreaker, n. mwivi |wevi),
mwizi (west |.

Household, n. wafu wa nyumbani;
(of slaves) kijoli, ujoli.

Householder, n. mwenyeji, mwenyi
nyumba.

Housekeeper, n. (mwanamke msi-
mamizi wa nyumba, mwenyi ma-
daraka ya nyumba|.

Housekeeping, n. madaraka ya
nyumba.

Houseless,a. He is houseless, kana
kituo, hana kwake.

Housemaid, n. [mwanamke mtumi-
shi wa nyumbani kwa mshahara),
kijakazi |vi- |).

House-warming, n. (karamu ya
kusindikia nyumba, kuingia nyu-
mbani|). °

Housewife, n. (Atbumba chenyi si-
ndano uzi vifungo, Sc.|.

Hove, p. t. ya Heave.

Hovel,n. kibanda | kidogo na kibovu |.

Hover (about), v. rukaruka juu,
sunguka-sunguka kwa mabawa ;
(hesitate, waver) taa kwa mashaka,
Stlastta, tanga.

How, adv. je? ginsi gant? hal:
gani? kwa sabaku gani? kwaje ?
How to (do), ginsi ya, njia ya
(tufanya); (in comp.) -vyo, ye.
How are you? How do you do?
jambo? u hali gani? waonaje?
habari ya siku nyingi? How
much? kiasi gani? kem? wausa-
je? How beautiful! #suri kama
nini! nzuri mno! nsuri ajabu!
Howbeit, However, Howsoever,
lakini, wallakini, illakini, swe yo

—— Vv.

HOWDAH

yote, kwa vyo vyote. He will buy
it, however dear it is, atanunua,
japo ni ghali sana.

Howdah, n. | kiti juu ya mgongo wa
tembo aliyefugika |.

However,conj.wa/lakini( Taz. How).

Howl, v. lia [kama mbwa usiku |,
vuma.

— n. Ho | ma-), mlio | mi- |.

Hubbub, n. makelele, uthia, ghasia.

Huckster, n. mchuruzi (wa- |, bazazi.

Huddle, v. songa-songa, songana,

—— n. fujo, kifujo, uchafuko, mso-
ngano.

Hue, n. rangi; (purport) maana,
Raise a hue and cry, 4a Huyo!
Huyo!, piga makelele.

Huff, n. chuki, uchungu, moyo juu,
kinyongo.

Huffy, a. -a chukichuki, -epesi kwa
hasira, -a kinyongo.

Hug, v. kumbatia, ambatana xa;
(the shore) sogea pwani, ambaa.

n. kikumbalfio.

Huge, a. -kubwa mno.

Hulk, n. (old ship) jahkazz mbovu,
chombo kikukuu.

Hull, n. jahazi tupu | pasipo mli-
ngote, matanga, makamba, 8c.|.

Hum, n. uvumi, mavumi.

—— v. vuma, lia.

Human, a, -4 mwanadamu, -a mtu,
-a kibinadamu.

Humane, a. -a fathili, -ema, -enyi
huruma, -pole.

Humanity, n. huruma, wema, utu
mwema; (the human race) jamii
ya waana Adamu wote, walimwe-
ngu, watu wote; (human nature)
utu, asili ya kibinadamu, ubina-
damu, uanadamu.

Humanize, v. sifawisha utu, staara-
bisha, ongoza kwa mafundisho na
desturi njema, z0eza mema, toa
ushenzint, ondoa ukali.

Humble, a. -nyenyekevu, -nyonge,
maskini, -enyt haya.

—— v. shusha, tweza, thilisha, atbi-
sha, To be humbled (eat humble-
pie), kula ngano, jitia unyonge.

Humbie-bee, n. [yuki mkubwa'.

181

HUNT

Humbug, n. upuzi, mawe; (impostor)
ayart, mjanja.

Humdrum, a. (monotonous) -@ uve- ,
mi, kama uvumi; (commonplace)
-a ovyo, -a vivi hivi, baridi.

Humid, a. majimaji, chepechepe, -a
rutuba, -nyefu, -a kulowa; (of
Climate)-a mvua nyingi,-a ukungu,
-a umande. A humid atmosphere, |
umande mwingi.

Humidity, n. rutuba, uchepechepe,
mnyefu.

Humiliate, v. ¢hili, twesa, shusha;
(mortify, abash) ingiza uchungu,

tia haya, fethehesha,
Humiliation, n. wthilifu, aibu,
uchungu,
Humility, n. unyenyekevu, uvumi-
livu, haya.

Humming, n. uvumi,

Humming-bird, n. |mdege nzuri
ndogondogo|.

Hummock, n. kisugulu.

Humorist, n. mcheshi, mchekeshaji.

Humorous, a. -chekeshaji, -a ku-
chekesha, -enyt ubishi, -kavu.

Humour, n. (disposition) ‘ada,
moyo; (whim, idea) za, wazo,
shauri; (wit, playfulness) uchesht,
uchekeshaji, ubishi; (fluid) maji
Lya mwilini).

Hump, n. kigongo; (of a cow, &c.)
nundu.

Hump-backed, a. [-enys] kigongo,

Humph, int. ah! loo!

Hunch, n. fumba, bumba;=Hump.

Hunch-back, n. kigongo.

Hundred, n. mia. Two hundred,
miteen. Hundreds, -imgi, mia mia.

Hundred-weight, n. (ratlii mia na
thenashara, kama frasiia’nne],

Hung, p. t. na pf. t. ya Hang.

Hunger, n. jaa, uhitaji wa cha-
kula; (craving) tamant, shauku,
uchu.

Hungry, a. -¢enyi njaa, -a kutaka
kula; (of soil, land) -szotoa chakula,
-baya. \

Hunt, v. winda, saka; (drive away)
fukuza. Hunt for, tafuta kwa
bidii.

HUNTER

a Huntsman, 0. mwinda
[wa-], msakaji [wa-]; (horse)
frasi wa kuwindia.

" Hunting, n. kuwinda.

——

Hurdle, n. | kifu cha kufanyizia ua,
kama fito ztltzosokoteka),

Hurdy-gurdy, n. santurt.

Hurl, v. fupa kwa nguvu, vurumi-
sha.

Hurly-burly, n. makelele, uthia,
ghasia.

Hurrah, n. | kelele la shangwe, kige-
legele cha kizungu).

Hurricane, n. tufanu, kimbunga.

Hurry, n. haraka, ghifula.

— v. himiza, harakisha; (neut.)

enda kwa haraka, kimbia, ghafu-
lika.

Hurt, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Hurt) thurs,
umiza, Uma, vuasa, sononesha;
(damage) haribu, vunja, kasirt;
(annoy) sumbua, husunisha. Hurt
the feelings of, hest, ghairi, chu-
kiza. Where does it hurt? wauma
wapi? Be hurt, umwa, umia,
umizwa; (in feelings) chukiswa,
tiwa uchungu.

n. mathara, jeraha, maumivu,

Hurtful, a. -a kuthuru, -a kuumiza.

Husband, n. mume | wa-|).

—— v. fumia kwa kiasi, weka akiba,
punguza gharama, kabithi.

Husbandman, n. mkulima, mli-
maji.

Husbandry, n. mlimo, maarifa ya
kilimo.

Hush! int. kimya! makelele!

— v. kuliza, nyamazisha, ha ki-
mya. Hush up, setiri, achilia.
Husk, n. ganda | ma-|; (of rice) ku-
mui; (of cocoa-nut, &c.) maku-

mbi,

—— v. ambua; (cocoa-nut) fua.

Husky, a. -ene, -a kupwewa.

Hussar, n. (asikari mpanda Srast).

Hussy, n. (mwanamke) mpumbafu,
mtundu.

Hustings, n. (makali pa kufanya
Election |.

Hustle, v. songa, sukuma, kumba.

Hut, n. kibanda |vi-|).

182

HYPOOCRITICAL

Hutch, n. fundu, kitundu, kirimba.

Huzsa,n.=Hurrah. .

Hyaona, n. fisi, kingubwa.

Hybrid, a. -enyi mbegu mbili, -a
kuchanganyika mbegu.

Hydrant, n. bomba la maji.

Hydraulio, a. -a maji.

Hydraulics, n. | maarifa ya mwendo
wa maji).

Hydrocele, n. mshipa wa maji,
toma.

Hydrodynamics, n. (maarifa ya
mwendo na nguvu ya maji).

Hydrogen, n. [ewa nyepesi yenyi
kuwaka sana|.

Hydrography, n. [e/imu ya kufanya
ramani ya bahari na mito).

Hydrometer, n. (chombo cha kupt-
mia uzito wa maji na yaliyo kama
maji, tena cha kupimia nguvu ya
vileo |.

Hydropathy, n. (kuponya marathi
zingine zingine kwa maji baridi |.

Hydrophobia, n. [wasimo}).

Hydrostatios, n. (maarifa ya hali
na uzito wa maji yakisimama).

Hygiene, n. (maarifa ya kufanyiza
na kudumisha afya njema mwi-
fine).

Hygrometer, n. (chombo cha kupi-
mia maji ya hewani, na umande
na mvua|.

Hymn, n. #:mbo wa dini, mashairi,
utenst.

v. pigia uimbo.

Hyperbolio, a. -a kupiga chuku, -a
kuongeza, -kuu.

Hyperborean, a. (-a upande wa ka-
skazini mbali sana|.

Hypertrophy, n. kukua mno, kune-
nepa mno, kuvimba.

Hyphen, n. (alama hii (-)).

Hypnotism, n. (kufanyisa kama
usingizi, kuloga|.

Hypochondria, n. (ulegefu wa moyo,
kamaugonjwa ),kinyongo,unyonga.
Be hypochondriacal, nyong'onyea.

Hypocrisy, n. unafiki, werevu.

Hypocrite, n. mnafiki (wa-|, mtu
wa maneno mawili.

Hypooritical, a, -nafiki, -erevu.

HYPOSTATIC

Hypostatic, a. -a asili halisi. The
Hypostatic Union, (moja wa asili
mbili katika Isa Masiya).

Hypotenuse, n. (upande mrefu wa
triangle yenyi pembe ya mrabba).

Hypothecate, v. weka rahani.

Hypothesis, n. mta [thana, wazo, la
kubahatisha ao ya kujaribia, isiyo
hakika, ya kutafuta hakika), neno
la bahati, uthani.

Hypothetical, a, -a kubahatisha, -a
kugisi, -a kutafuta hakika.

Hysterical, a. -enyi kushikwa na
pepo.

Hysterics, n. pepo, shetani.

I.

I, pron. mimi, mwenyewe, nafsi
yangu ; (in comp.) 72-,

Iambus, n. (neno, ao nussu neno,
lenyt sauti mbili na mkazo wa sauti

ya pili, -kama hivi, Mawaa, Kioo). |

Ice, n. | maji yaliyegandamana kwa
baridi kama jiwe|, barafu. Break
the ice, anzisha maneno, jasiria
maneno.

Iceberg, n. | kilima cha barafu tupu,
kikielea baharini).

Ice-blink, n. mwanga wa barafu.

Ice-bound, a. (ship) z/zyozungukwa
na barafu | isiweze kufoka |.

Ice-paok, n. | vifande vikubwa vya
barafu baharini).

ee kazi n. (elimu ya samaki
sole}.

Iciole, n. (barafu kama kishada ao
kishungi|.

Jconoclast, n. (mvunja sanamu za

kuabudika, mchukia ibada ya
sanamu).
Icy, a. -a barafu, -a baridi kali,

baridi sana,
Idea, n. wazo [ma-], nia, shauri;
(sketch, outline) mwanzo, wonyo

mdogo, dokezo. 1 have no idea,
sijui? mwenyewe. Only an idea,
ndoto tu. |

Ideal, a. (mental)-a akilt,-a moyoni;
(unreal, fanciful) -¢ kuwazika tu,

183

IDOL

st -a kweli, si -a amali; (perfect,
absolute) kamili, pasipo upungufu,
billa kombo lo lote, bora halisi na
kupita yote.

Ideal, n. upeo wa akili, kipeo, kitu
kamili haswa halisi, utimilifu.
Idealism,n.|e/?mu ya watu wasemao,
Hakuna hakika ya kitu ulimwe-
nguni, illa ya nia tu na mawazo
ya akili, ndio hakika haswa |), kama

ndoto, nia tu,

Idealist, n. mtu wa Idealism.

Idealise, v. (give ideal perfection to)
fanya kamili, tia ukamilifu;
(attribute perfection) Zranza mema
tu, kamilisha, sttawisha.

Identical, a. (man) yule mwenyewe,
yule yule, sawa sawa ; (thing) kile
kile, &c., mfano mmoja.

Identically, adv. alist, kabisa,
barabba.

Identify, v. fanya mamoja, thania
[téndea] sawa sawa, sharikisha,
Jungamanisha; (recognize) /a-
mbua, fahamu.

Identity, n. umoja, kuwa yule yule
[Azle kile, &c.), hali moja, usawa.

Idiocy, n. wazimo, kichaa; (folly)
upumbafu mkuu.

Idiom, n. lugha, maneno; (good
style) usemi mzuri na swaft, ufa-
Saha wa maneno.

Idiomatic, a. [usemi] swaft, fasihi.
That is idiomatic Swahili, dro
kiunguja swafi.

Idiosyncrasy, n. (nia ao desturi ya
miu mmoja peke yake, nia mbali,
desturi mbali); (fad) fundo, ki-
nyongo.

Idiot, n. hayawant, mwenyi kichaa,
mjinga, mpumbafu, barathuli.
You are an idiot, umepumbaa,
ngombe, ngamia.

Idiotio, a. -a Idiot.

Idle, a. -vivu, -zembe, -legevu, -a
burre, -stofaa. Idle words, ma-
neno ya burre, upuzi, maneno
matupu.

Idleness, n. #vivu, uzembe, ulegefu.

Idol, n. sanamu ya kuabudika; (great
favourite) (mtu ao kitu cha kupe-

IDOLATER

184

IMAGERY

ndelewa ao kuheshimiwa mno, cha | TWlegitimate, a. -a karamu; (ir-

kuabudika |, kama Muungu.

Idolater, n. kafiri | ma-), mwabudu
sanamu | yo yote isiyo Muungu |.

Idolatrous, a. -a kuabudu sanamu.

Idolatry, n. ibada ya sanamu | kitu
cho chote kisicho Muungu); (over-
estimation) kupenda | kuheshimu |
mno.

Idolize, v. abudu kama Muungu,
Denda mno, heshimu mno.

1.e. (=id est), yaani, ndio, maana
yake.

If, conj. kama, ikiwa, iwapo; (in
comp.) -4#-. If I die, nendapo
nikifa. If you please, tafathalz.
If so, Atvi, kwa hivi. Ifit happens
that, endapo kwamba, If (when)
they come to hear, waendapo
wakasikia.

Igneous, a. -a moto, [mawe] yali-
yofanythka kwa moto.

Ignite, v. washa, tia moto.

Ignition, n. mwako, kuwasha.

Ignoble, a. -nyonge,mastkini,-aatbu.

Ignominious, a. -a aibu.

Ignominy, n. abu, fetheha.

Ignoramus, n. mjinga, mpumbafu.

Ignorance, n. ujinga, ukosefu wa
maarifa.

Ignorant, a. -jinga, -a kijinga,
-kosefu wa maarifa, -stojua.

Ignore, v. pitia makusudi, st anga-
lia, achia mbati.

Tliad, n. (mashairi ya Homero
Myonani|).

Til, a. -gonywa; (bad) -baya, -ove ;
Be ill, wgwa. He is ill, kawezi.
Ill at ease, -exyz mashaka. Ill
done, -Jzofanyika vibaya. 111 fame,
sifa mbaya. House of ill fame, =
Brothel.

adv. vibaya.

n. vbaya uovu; (harm, loss)
shari, msiba, hasara.

Tll-bred, a. fasipo adili, -stolewa
wema, -stojua adabu.

Illegal, a. karamu.

Illegality, n. jambo la haramu.

Tliegible, a. -stosomeka, -stoanditkwa
vizuri, -bayabaya.

regular, incorrect) sz kaki, st ka-
nunt, st halisi, si halali.

Illiberal, a. -eny: choyo, st -karimu,
sa -ema, St -a kupenda wote sawa ;
(narrow-minded) -chache wa ma-
yuzi, -Stojua mengi. ai

Illiberality, n. choyo, ubahili ;
(meanness) unyonge, uthatfu.

Illicit, a. karamu, marufuku, -liogo-
mbezwa.

Illiterate, a. (person) astyetiwa
chuoni, asiyesoma, mjinga ; (thing)
jinga, -a kijinga.

Ill-looking, a. -enyi sura mbaya.

Ill-mannered, a. -s20 adabu.

Ill-natured, a. -korofi, -kali, -baya.

Illness, n. ugonjwa.

Illogical, a. -styo maana, -sio kwa
akili.

Ill-omened, Ill-starred, a. -2 ndege
mbaya, -a shari,

Ill-tempered, a. -gomvi, -fundu,
-korofi, -kalt.

Ill-timed, a.si wakati wake, -sipofaa.

Ill-treat, v. fendea mebaya, thuru,
chokosa.

Tlude, v. thihaki, danganya.

Illuminate, Illumine, v. “a nuru,
angaza, mulika; (paint) pamba
kwa rangi; (explain) elesa, onye-
sha, thihirtsha.

Illumination, n. mwanga, nurit,
mwangaza ; (coloured illustration)
harufu na sanamu za rangi;
(decoration with lights) kupamba
mji kwa taa.

Illusion, n. (deception) wongo,
upuzi; (fancy) wazo, kivuli, ndoto.

Illustrate,v. ¢/eza; (magnify) tukuza;
(furnish with pictures) pamba
(kitabu) kwa sanamu.

Tilustration, n. (picture) sanamu

yakitabuni |; (explanation) mafa-
anust, maelezo.

Illustrious, a. -tukufu, bora, mashu-
huri, maarufu, -enyi sifa.

Til-will, n. machukio, wadut.

Im-, 7as.In-; (in comp.) sz, pastpo.

Image, n. sanamu,sura,mfano[mt-).

Imagery ,n.mifano,sanamu,machoro;

IMAGINARY

(imitation) mfano mtupu, mwigo ;
(fiction) mawaso ya uwongo.

Imaginary, a. (hypothetical) -@ ku-
wastka tu; (unreal) kama wazo
tu, sz jambo la amali, st hakika, -a
uwongo, ndoto.

Imagination, n. akili, mawazo,
kuwaza; (fancifulness) kuzifungia
vingi moyoni, kuota.

Imaginative, a. -enyt
mengi, -a Imagination.

Imagine, v. wasa, thani, nia; (in-
vent) funga, buni, ota.

Imbecile, a. that/u, -a akili chache.

Imbecility, n. uthazfu, kichaa, uko-
sefu wa akili,

Imbed, v. fenyeza ndani, tia ndani.

Imbibe, v. -2ywe ; (learn) weka mo-
yont, jifunza.

Imbitter, v. tia uchungu, kasirisha,
ongezea ukali.

Imbrue, v. chovya, lowesha, nywe-
sha | maji, damu, S:c.|.

Imbue, v. fundisha,
moyoni.

Imitate, v. zwa, fuatisha, fuasa, fa-
nya sawa sawa, nakili,

Imitation, n. mwigo, ufuasi ; (like-
ness) mfano, sanamu, nakulu, na-
kli; (meant to deceive) madanga-
nya, kivuli, si halist, hila.

Imitative, a. -a kuiga, -a kufuatisha.

Immaculate, a. fasipo mawaa, safi
pia, -stokosa, -sto na thambi. Im-
maculate Conception, | kuzaliwa
Bikira Maryamu pasipo thambi ya
asili|.

Immaterial,. a. -s0 na mwili, si
-enyt umbo wast, -a pepo, -a roho;
(unimportant) s¢ kifu, -sio maana.
It is quite immaterial, #aithuru,
mamoja. Immaterial existence,
kuwa roho, hali ya kiroho. The
immaterial part of the soul, kiwuli
cha roho.

Immature, a. changa, bichi, -pooza.

Immaturity, n. uchanga, Sc.

Immeasurable, a. -stoweza kupimi-
ka, -a kupita ktasi, -sto na mwisho
(mbaka, kadiri).

Immediate, a. (instant) @ marra

MAWAZO

zoeza, tta

185

IMMORTALIZH

moja, -a ghdfala, -a sasa hivi;
(close) -a pili, -a karibu; (direct,
personal) |-a kutenda ao kutendeka
na mwenyewe pasipo kitu kingine |,
-a -enyewe tu, billa msaada.

Immediately, adv. sasa hivi, marra
moja, karibu.

Immemorial, a. fangu samani za
kale, -a kale sana.

Immense, a, -kubwa mno, -ingi mno.

Immensity, n. ukubwa [wa kupita
kadiri |), wingi.

Immerse, v. chovya, tosa, zamisha,
didimisha; (occupy fully) zia
katika shughuli (aabu, anasa|.

Immersion, n. kuchovyeka, kutu”
mbukia; (occupation) kushu-
ghulika.

Immigrant, n. mgeni, mjaji | wa-|).

Immigrate, v. imgia inchi, hamia
inchi.

Immigration, n. majilio, kuja ku-
kaa.

Imminence, n. kwwa Imminent.

Imminent, a. -a karibu, -a kulia
hofu, -a kuja upesi.

Immobility, n. kutogeuka, kukazwa,
uthabiti, ugumu.

Immoderate, a. pasipo kadiri, billa
kiasi, -ingi mo.

Immodest, a. pasipo haya, -chafu.

Immodesty, n. £usokuwa na haya,
st adabu, kukosa adabu.

Immolate, v. chinja, thabihu.

Immolation, n. kuchinja, kuchi
njwa.

Immoral, a. -baya, -0vu, si adili;
(licentious) -fisad?, -asherati, - fasi
ki, -tongozi.

Immorality,n. #baya, uovu; (sexual)
ufisadi, uasherati, Sc.

Immortal, a. -4 kukaa milele, -sio
na mwisho, -stokufa, -sicharibika.

Immortality, n. maisha ya milele,
uzima usio na mwisho, kutokufa,
kutoharibika. 'Theimmortality of
the soul, roho ya binadamu kuishi
milele.

Immortalize, v. fanyia ukumbusho
wa dayima, shindisha milele, pasha
sifa za dayima.

IMMOVABILITY

Immovability, n. kuwa Immov-
able.

Immovable, a. -siogeuka, -stotiki-
sika, -siojongeka.

Immunity, n. (exemption) uhuru,
ruhusa, kuachiwa; (privilege)
haki, mapendeleo, faida; (being
without) kufokuwa na, kuwa pa-
sipo, kutopasiwa,

Immure, v. funga, tia ndani, weka.

Immutability, n. kutogeuka, kuwa
pasipo mabadili yote.

Immutable, a. -stogeuka.

Imp, n. shetani mdogo, kishetani ; (of
a child) mwana timvi.

Impact, n. pigo, kugonga, shindo.

Impair, v. karibu, punguza, thoo-
Jisha, kasirs.

Impale, v. [ penyesa mti, ua. kwa
kuingiza mli mwilini |.

Impalement, n. (kuchomeka mts
kati ya mwili).

Impalpable, a. -stooneka, -embamba
mno, -dogo mno, laini.

Impanel, v. (andika majina ya,
Jury).

Impart, v. gawa, gawanya, shariki-
sha; (by words) toa, nena, funua.

Impartial, a. -a kaki, -nyofu, sawa,
-stopendelea,

Impartiality, n. £uza Impartial.

Impasaable, a. -stoendcka, -stopitika.
The rivers are impassable, mito
haipishi.

Impatience, n. haraka, wepesi, ku-
tosubirt.

Impatient, a. -ezyz Impatience.

Impeach, v. sitaki. Impeach char-
acter (honour), vunja heshima,
punguza sifa.

Impeachment, n. mashiaka.

Impeccability, n. kuwa Impec-
cable.

Impeccable, a. -siowesa kutenda
thambi, -stokosa.

Impecunious, a. fukara, maskini,

Impede, v. sua, pinga, tatanisha,

Impediment, n. 42270, matata,
mgogoro |mi-).

Impel, v. sukuma, endesha, vuta.

Impend, v. karibia, -wa karibu.

186

IMPINGE

Impenetrable, a. ~stopenyeka ; (un-
intelligible) -stotambulikana,

Impenitenoce, n. kuwa Impenitent.

Impenitent, a. -stotubu, -gumu.

Imperative, a. -a kuamuru ; (neces-
sary) -2 lasimu, kanuni.

Imperceptible, a. -szooncka, -dogo
mno.

Imperfect, a. st kamili, si barabara;
(deficient) -kosefu, -pungufee, thai-
fu; (in growth, development)
wiza, -liovia.

Imperfection, n. ukosefu, kombo,
uthaifu, kipunguo.

Imperial, a. -a Kaisari, -a kifaume,
-2 ufalme wote, -@ Empire;
(grand, magnificent) dora, -kubwa.

kinywa mchuzi.

Imperialism, n. (ufawala wa mtu
mmoja, ku utawala, kutaka
kueneza na kuhifathi ufalme.)

Imperil, v. hatartsha, tra hatarini,
ponsa.

Imperious, a. -4 kutawala, -a amri
nyingi, -kalt, -a sharti. He is
very imperious, yuna sharti sana,
apiga ubwana.

Imperishable, a. -sioharibika, -sio-
chakaa, -a kuishi milele, -a aushi.

Impersonal, a. (| tama kitu, si kama
mtu, -sto na nafsi hayi na akili na
sitiari).

Impersonate, v. iga, jifanya, geuka.

Impertinence, n. ufithuls, &c.

Impertinent, a. -fithuli, -safihi,
juvs. He was impertinent to me,
alinitolea ujuvi.

Imperturbability, n. ukavu wa
macho, utulivu,

Tmpexturbable, a. (quiet, unmoved)
-tultvu, -gumu; (fearless) past,
hofu, -kavu wa macho. zasipo

Impervious, a. -siopisha kitu, -siope-
nyeka.

Impetuous, a. -a haraka, -a nguvu,
-a bidii, -a kishindo.

Impetus, n. mwendo, muuto, mkazo,
nguvu ; (sudden) shindo,

Impiety, n. kutomheshimu Muungu,
&c. (7as. Impious).

Impinge, v. piga, angukia.

——. 7),

IMPIOUS

Impious, a, -2 kutomheshimu Muu-
ngu,-a kumtharau Muungu, -ba-
ya, -Potofu, -kufuru.

Impish, a. -a kishefani, -a kiti-
mus.

Implacable, a. -shiika hasira, -kali,
“korofi, Sumu.

Implant, v. 42a moyoni, fundisha.

Implement, n. chombo cha kasi, sa-
mani, kipande.

Implicate, v. ‘1a hatiyani, pasisha
hattya, sharikisha | jambo baya).
Implication, n. (inference) maana
halist, maana haswa; (suggestion)
maana [tstyo wast ‘lakini imo),

kidokezt,

Implicit, a. -@ Implication, -a
ndani, -a siri, -a maanant,

Implore, v. omba sana, sthi, lalama.

Imply, v. (indicate) onya, dokeza,
-wa na "maana; (involve) kuzika
na, leta, fanya.

Impolite, a. -sto adabu, pasipo he-
shima, -baya,
Impolitic, a. -sto busara, -siofaa, -a

burre, -a ujinga.

Imponderable, a. -szoweza kupimika
[Awa kuwa -epest |, -dogo sana,

Import, n. maana; (imported arti-
cle) [dsthaa ao mak za kuletwa kwa
inch: fullani tokea inchi ingine,
zijazo). Imports and exports, 47-
thaa zijazo na zitokazo.

v. (indicate) ozya,-wa na maana,
sema; (bring in) leta |bithaa|.

Importance, n. "ukubwa, maana,

amali, heshima, fahari.

‘Important, a. -kubwa, -kuu, -a
amalt, -a maana, bora, -a kupasa
watu wengi.

Importation, n. kuleta | bithaa toka
inchi ingine |.

Importunate, a. -4 kuombaomba,
wa kushurutisha, -sumbufu, -enyi
uthia, |

Importune, v. ombaomba, sumbua.

Importunity, n. usumbufu [wa
kuomba |, uthia,

Impose, v. amuru, pasha, lazimisha ;
(exact) Zoza, /epfiza, Impose upon,
punja, danganya, hadaa,

187

\
IMPRESSIVE

Imposing, a. «2 kushangaza, -a ajas
bu, -a fahari, -kubwa, -suri.

Imposition, n. madanganya, hali;
(tax) ushuru, kodi. Imposition of
hands, kutia mikono.

Impossibility, n. st yamkini, sz
amali,

Impossible, 2. -stowezehana, -stoya-
mkini, st amali,

Impostor, n. ayari, ragat, mjanja.

Imposture, n. ujanja, hila, hadaa.

Impotence, n. uthaife,

Impotent, a. that/u, pasipo nguvu,
-siofaa neno.

Impound, v. funga, weka kifungoni.

Impoverish, v. pungusia nguvu,
thoofisha, haribia mali, fanya ma-
stkint, filtsisha,

Impoverishment, n. umasikini,
huthoofika, Sc.

Impractivability, n. kuwa Im-
practicable.

Impracticable, a. = Impossible;
(perverse) -Lazat,-tundu,-shupafu.

Imprecate, v. afzsa, toa | laana |.

Imprecation, n. apizo | ma- |, laana.

Imprecatory, a. -a kuapiza.

Impregnable, a. -siofwalika |vi-
tant), -stoshindtka | kwa maneno|,
-Stovunjikana,

Impregnate, v. -fa mimba, zalisha;
(mix) changanya, tia ndani ya.

Impress, v. (imprint) “a chapa;
(urge on) zia moyoni, agiza sana;
(force to work) tumikisha, tia ka-
zini kwa nguvu, shogoa; (affect)
Choma moyoni, ingia, vuta, shinda.

—— n. chapa, alama; mfano.

Impressible, a. -epesi uru
ma, hasira, upendo, Sc.|, -epest
kustuka.

Impression, n. chapa, alama ;
(notion) mia, thana. It is my
impression, “aona, ndio ntonayo.
Make an impression, Jenya [zngza]
moyont, shinda (wuta) moyo, sha-
wesht, vuta; (stir up) chomesha ;
(weigh down, sink into) Zopeza.

Impressive, a. -a kushinda, -a kuvuta
moyo, -enyi ushaushi, -enyi ngu-
vu.

IMPBESSMENT

Impressment, n. kuha [hutiwa]
kazini kwa nguvu, kutumikishwa,
shogoa, lasimu ya kazi.

Imprint, v. piga chapa; (in mind)
ita moyoni.

Imprison, v. funga, tia kifungoni
[menyororont, gerezani |.

Imprisonment, a. kifungo, minyo-
roro, kufungwa.

Improbable, a. kama isiyowezekana,
pasipo hakika, -enyt shaka, -gumu,
I think it is improbable, zaona si-
vyo. Not improbable, /aduda.

Impromptu, a. ghdfala, -a marra

| moja, pasipo kufikiri kwanza.

Improper, a. -stofaa, si adabu, si
-zuri ; (indecent) -chafu.

Impropriety, n. ukosefu wa adabu,
st heshima.

Improve, v. ongoza, fundisha, tenge-
neza, fanyiza, sitawisha, tumia
wema; (neut.) endelea, ongoka,
zidi. Improve the occasion, tumia
wakati, chuma, faidi. Improve in
health, pata nafuu.

Improvement, n. (progress) ma-
endtleo; (growth) kukua, mazidi ;
(making better) matengenezo, ma-
fundisho; (profitable use) matu-
mizi mema, usitawi.

Improvidence, n. ujinga, kutokuwa
layasi, kutokumbuka ya baadaye.

Improvident, a. -enyz Improvi-
dence. Heisimprovident, kafanyt
mawazo ya mbele.

Improvise, v. fanyiza ghdfala, tu-
nga marra moja, vumbua.

Imprudence, Improvidence, n.,
Imprudent, a. = Improvident,

Impudenoe, n. ujuvi, ufithule, Sc.

Impudent, a. -juvt, -fithuli, safihi.

Impugn, v. gomba, shindana na,
nened, tela.

Impulse, n. nguvu | ya kusukuma,
kuendesha, kujongeza |), msukumo,
mvuto, shindo; (desire) moyo, nia
ya ghdfala, lamaa. Give an im-
pulse to, endesha, zidisha.

Impulsive, a. -a kufuata moyo wake,
-a kuvutwa na nia zake, -a gha-

fala, -epesi.

188

INALIENABLE

Impure, a. -a fakafaka, -chafu, -na-
jisi, -koo,

Impurity, n. Zakataka, uchafu, una-
Jisi, Sc,

Imputation, n. (charge) mashitaka,
mashutumu, masulo, masingizio ;
(ascription) kuhesabia, &c. (Taz.
Impute).

Impute, v. thania, hesabia, tolea,
wekea; (charge with) sAfaki, s#-
ngisia, zulia.

In- (na Im-), (mwanzoni pa neno,
maana yake pangine pangine, st,
pasipo. Hivi, Immoderate, a. =
st Moderate, sz -enyt kiasi, -ingt
kupita kiasi. Inability, n. = pa-
sipo Ability, pasipo nguvu ao
akili |.

In, prep. kwa, katika, -ni.

adv. ndani, -mo. Indoors,
ndani ya nyumba, ndani. He is
in, yumo. Iam in for, sina buddi
kupata. In that, kwa sababu, kwa
kuwa.

Inability, n. kuwa pasipo nguvu,
kutoweza, uthaifu.

Inaccessible, a. -siojilika, -stopa-
ndika, -sioendeka.

Inaccuracy, n. kukosa, kosa (ma-}.

Inacourate, a. -a kukosakosa, si fa-
stht, -kosefu.

Inaction, n. kimya, kukaakaa, ku-
totenda neno, uzembe, &e.

Inactive, a. -fu, kama kifu, pasipo
nguvu; (dull, slow) -vivu, Pasipo
bidtz, -zito, -sembe.

Inactivity, n. kama ufu, usingizi,
uvivu, usito.

Inadequacy, n. udogo, upungufu,
uchache, kuwa haba,

Inadequate, a. -stofosha, -dogo, -pu-
ngufu, -chache, haba.

Inadmissible, a. st halali, mara-
Suku, -stokubalika, haramu,

Inadvertency, n. kutoangalia, gha-
fala; (mistake? kosa (mar |.

Inadvertent, a. st -angalifu, -kose-
fu; (unnoticed) -@ kupitiwa, -a
kughafalika.

Inalienable, a. -sioondoleka, -a da-
yima.

INANE

Inane, a. -sto maana, -pumbafu.

Inanimate, a. -fu, si -enyt usima,
kitu tu; (spiritless, dull) pasipo
nguvu, baridi.

Inanition, n. njaa.

Inapplicable, Inapposite, a. kama
Inappropriate.

Inappreciable, a. -dogo sana, -dogo
mno, kama si kitu, dunt.

Inappropriate, Inapt, a. -stofaa,
-Stopasa, St -zuri, st wajibu.

Inarticulate, a. (words) kama mio,
kama uvumi, sauti tu, si thahtri.

Inasmuch (as), conj. kwa sababu,

- kwa kuwa,

Inattention, n. kutoangalia, ule-
gevu, purukushani, macho nye.

Inattentive, a. si -angalifu. Be in-
attentive, jipurukusha, si angalia,
sinzia.

Inaudible, a. si -enyi kusikika,
(sauti) -dogo sana.

Inaugural, a. -a kuzindulia. In-
augural ceremony, address, &c.,
mzinduo, hitima.

Inaugurate, v. (public institution)
fungua, sindua, ingia; (begin)
anzisha.

Inauguration, n. kusindua, mzi-
nduo.

Inauspicious, a. -a ndege mbaya.

Inborn, a. -a asi/i, -a maumbile.

Incalculable, a. -isiojultkana [kwa
kuwa -kubwa ao -ingi\, -kubwa
mno, -ingi mno. |

Incandescent, a. -enyi kung'aa kwa
moto mwingi, -enyi moto mweupe.

Incantation, n. uimbo wa mganga,
uganga, tego.

Incapability, n. kuwa Incapable,
ukosefu wa nguvu, akili chache.
Incapable, a. -sioweza, -st0 na ngu-

vu, -siofaa neno, -thaifu.

Incapacity, n. uthatfu, kutoweza.

Incarcerate, v. funga, tia kifungoni
(minyororoni, gerezani).

Incarnate, a. -enyi asili na umbo
“wa binadamu, -enyi mwili.

Incarnation, n. kuwa mtu, kufa-
nyika mtu, kutwaa utu, kugeuka
miu; (embodiment) namna, mfano

189

INCLEMENT

kalisi. The Incarnation, [4t/a-
nyika mtu halisi Isa Mastya).

Incautious, a. asipo hathari, si
-angalifu, -jastri.

Incendiarism, n. (kuchoma moto
burre na vibaya |), unguzo.

Incendiary, n. za a. [achomaye
moto na kuteketeza nyumba ao
shamba makusudi).

Incense, n. ubani, uudi, uvumba.
Burn incense, vukiza.

v. ta uchungu, kastrisha.

Incentive, n. (mia ao kitu kivutacho
moyo, cha kutia moyo, cha kusu-
kuma, cha kutamanisha), kisha-
wisht, kichocheo, kichomi ; (motive)
sababu.

Inception, n, mwanzo.

Incessant, a. -siokwisha, -a dayima,
-a kufuliza.

Incest, n. (sini wa maharimu).

Incestuous, a.-a makarimu.

Inch, n. (kipimo cha urefu, thena-
shara kwa futi, themantashara kwa
mkonoaothiraa), nchi. Byinches,
kidogo kidogo, punde kwa punde.

Inchoative, Inchoate, a. -a kuanza,
-a kujaribia, -a kuonja, kama
mbegu.

Incidence, n. kuja, majilio,

Incident, n. zambo,neno,tukio| ma- |.

—~- a, -enyt kupata | kuja, kuloka|.

Incidental, a. (casual) -a bahati, -a
nasibu ; (resulting) -a kutokea, -a
kufuata.

Tncipient, a. -a kwanza.

Incise, v. kata, chanja, chora.

Incision,n. kafo,chanjo; (small) mtaz
[e2-]; (ornamental) chala, tojo.

Incisive, a. -kali, -a nguvu, -enyi
njia.

Incisor, n. jino [meno] la mbele.

Incite, v. wafa, shawishi, ongoza,
sukuma, sukasuka, chomesha.

Incitement, n. mvulo, kichocheo,

| kishaushi ; (motive) sababu.

Incivility, n. ufithult, ukosefu wa
adabu, ujuvi.

Inclemency, n. kuwa Inclement.

Inclement, a. (weather) daridt, ma-

wingu, mvua, théruba.

INCLINATION

Inclination, n. (slope) mainamssi,
kutnamta; (propensity) maelekezo,
mapenst, ulashi, tamaa.

Incline, v. kabils, lekea; (act) lekeza ;
(deviate) enda mshathali, potoka ;
(down) tamia, shuka; (up)
panda. Incline to, Zaka, penda.

——n. kilima, mpando, mshuko, te-
lem’ ko, mainamist,

Inclose, v. sunguka, funga, weka
ndani.

Inclosure, n. ya [ny-], uwanja, ki-
wanja ; (walled) kitabu ; (thing in-
closed) | kitu kilichotiwa ndani|.

Include, v. (put, have inside) zia
katika, weka ndani, -wa na...
ndani; (cover, admit) ona sawa,
-wa na maana moja, chukua; (in
meaning) kuzika na. '

Inclusion, n. kutia, kutiwa, Sc.
(Taz. Include).

Inclusive, a. -a kushika | kuweka,
kutia) -ote ndani, -enyi ndani
yake, -ote pamoja, -0ole pia.

Incognito, adv. kwa kujfificha,
sivyombulikana, kwa kujigeuza.

Incoherence, Incoherency, n. (of
speech) upayukaji, kunena pasipo
akili (maana|, kugotagota.

Incoherent, a. -a kupayuka ; (incon-
sistent) -stoshtkamana, si taratibu.

Incombustible, a. -siohartbika na
moto, -stowaka moto.

Income, n. fato [ma-], fayida,
chumo.

Incommensurable, Incommensu-
rate, a. [-stolinganikana kwa he-
sabu ao kupima, si sawa|).

Incommode, v. sumbua.

Incommodious, a. -sambufu, si
zuri, -stopendesa,

Incommunicable, a. -a miu mmoja,
-a kifu kimoja, -a peke yake, -sioto-
leka wast, -sioshirikika.

Incomparable, a. pasipo kifani, -sio-
fanana na kitu, -a kupita yote,
bora sana.

Incompatible, a. -stopatana, si -li-
nganifu, si sawa.

Incompetence, n. kutotosha, &c.,
uthatifu, kuwa Incompetent,

190

INCORPORATE

Incompetent, a. -stofosha, -stofaa,
-stowe2za, -si0 na akili.

Incomplete, a. si kamili, si -sima,
nussu, -pungufu.

Incomprehensible, a. -stotambuls-
kana, -siofahamika kwa akili, -a
Jumbo, -a siri.

Incompressible, a. [-stowesa kupu-
nguzwa kwa nguvu ao kusonga ao
kusindika, -siobonyeka), -gumu
sana.

Inconceivable, a. -siowastkana,-sto-
fahamika, -a kushinda akili.

Inconclusive, a. -enyi mashaka,
-stokata maneno, si -enyi njia.

Incongruity, n. Zofauti, thtilafu,
mbalimbal.

Incongruous, a. -stofaa, -stopatana,
mbalimbali. f pas

Inconsequent, a. -sio na njia, si
akili, -stokwenda, -a ovyo.

Inconsiderable, a. -dogo, hafifu, ki-

gO.
Inconsiderate, a. -a saraka, -a

ghafala, -pumbafu.
Inconsistency, n. kuwa Inconsist-

ent, kutopatana, kuwa mbali-
mbali; (absurdity) upumbafu;

(unsteadiness) ugeusi (ma-|).
Inconsistent, a. s¢ sawa, st -linga-
ntfu, -stopatana vema, -sio akili.
Inconsolable, a. -stowezsa kufari-

Jika, -stotulia,

Inconstant, a. - “, -£tusi, -a
kubadilika; (not reliable) sz amini,
si thabtts.

Incontestable, a. -stakanikana, -a
kukubalika na wote, pasipo sha-

Incontinence, n. washerati, 8c.

Incontinent, a. -siojisuta, -potofe,
-asherati, -fisadt.

Incontrollable, a. -storudika, -sto-
suskana,

Incontrovertible, a, = Incontest-
able.

Inconvenience, n. sumbuo [ma-],
taabu.

Inconvenient, a. -siofaa, -sumbufu,

Inconvertible, a. -stobadilikana.

Incorporate, v. fanya moja, unga,

INCORPORATION

191

INDEMNIFY

unganisha, changa; (include) ¢ia | Incumber, v. zuia, ‘atanisha, pinga-

ndani, changanya.

Incorporation, n. kuchanga, kucha-
nganya, kuungana, kulia ndani.

Incorporeal, a. si -enyi mwili (umbo
la wasi), kama kivuli, -a pepo, -a
kiroho.

Incorrect, a. -enyt makosa, st adili,
sa fasihi, si kweli, si halisi.

Incorrigible, a. -siorudika, -enyi
moyo mbaya, -kaidt, -tundu, baa.

Incorruptible, a. -stoharibika, -sto-
chakaa, -stooza; (honest) amini,
-stolwaa rushwa, -nyofu.

Incorruption, n. kutoharibika.

Inorease, v. ongeza, zidisha, kuza;
(neut.) ongezeka, zidi, kua, endelea,
enea.

——n. masidi, mwWongezo, maendeleo,
eneo; (profit) chumo, fayida.

Incredibility, n. kuwa Incredible.

Inoredible, a. -stosadikika, -a kupita
kiasi, ajabu mno.

Incredulity, n. kuwa Incredulous,
ugumu.

Incredulous, a. -stosadtki, -gumu.

Increment,n. chumo, fayida, mazidi.

Incriminate, v. sifaki, chongea, tia
hatiyant, pastsha hatiya.

Incrust, v. funika, kandika, tomea,

Incrustation, n. ufando; (in cook-
ing) ukoko; (on teeth) skogu;
(mould) #kungu; (rust) kutu; (of
salt) chunyu; (of masonry) mtomo.

Incubate, v. afamia mayayi, kalia.

Incubation, n. kuatamia.

Incubus, n. Zaabu, uthia; (night-
mare) jinamizi.

Inoculcate, v. fundisha, onyaonya.

Inculcation, n. kufundisha, kuonya.

Inoulpate, v. chongea, shtaki, tia
hatiyani, singtzia.

Incumbency, n. [Auwa na kasi ya
kasisi, mahali pa kasisi |.

Incumbent, a. ma n. -4 kupasa, -a
kubidi, juu | ya |); (priest of parish)
padre wa mji, kasisi.

— a. It is incumbent upon you,
imekupasa, juu yako, kasi yako,
yakuwajibu, umebidiwa, huna
buddi.

miza, sumbua ; (with debt) asha
deni.

Incumbrance, n. kizuizo, matatizo,
taabu, uthia.

Incur, v. pata, patwa na, pasiwa,
pastshwa.,

Inourable, 2, -stoponyeka. It is
incurable, kakuna dawa yake.

Incursion, n. kuendea adui, kuingia
inchi vitani, kuleta vita, usha-
mbulto.

Indebted (Be), v. wiwa, -wa na deni,
pasiwa, fungwa, fathiliwa.

Indecency, n. ukosefu wa adabu, st
heshima, uchafu.

Indecent, a. si adabu, -chafu.

Indecipherable, a. -szosomeka, -sio-
tambulikana,

Indecision, n. kusita moyoni, kuta-
nga, kuwa na nia mbali, ma-
shaka, wasiwasi.

Indecisive, a. -4 mashaka, si mwi-
sho, si -a kukata maneno, st thahiri,

Indeclinable, a. -stobadilika | kisa-

Indecorous, a. Zaz. Indecent,

Indecorum, n. sama Indecenocy.

Indeed, adv. kweli, halisi, ndio,
naam.

Indefatigable, a. -szochoka, -stolegea,
-@ kudumu, -a dayima.

Indefeasible, a. -szotanguka.

Indefensible, a. (place) -stowesa
kulindwa, -stoshikikana; (affair,
&c.) -sto na neno la kutetea, -baya
kabisa.

Indefinable, a. -siofafanulika, -sio
na hakika, sijui nini.

Indefinite, a. st hakika, si wazi, si-
Jui nini.

Indefiniteness, n. mashaka, fumbo,
kutothihirika, kuwa Indefinite.

Indelibility, n. £utoondoleka.

Indelible, a. -stofutika, -stoondoleka.

Indelicacy, n. = Indecency.

Indelicate, a. Zaz. Indecent.

Indemnification, n. kulipa, uko-
mbozi, dia.

Indemnify, v. li~a, komboa, ondoa
hasara.

INDEMNITY

Indemnity, n. malipo, makombozi.
Indemonstrable, a. -stothubuitka,
.-St0 na hakika.

Indent, v. fa pengo, bonyesha.

— nn. barua ya kutaka bithaa.

Indentation,n. pengo; (of coast, &c.)
kizingo, kigubba; (groove) mfuo.

Indenture, n. sharti, maagano, hati,
mkataba.

Independence, n. upweke upekee |,
ukinaifu, kujitosha, kujiwezea,
thtiart, kushika yake (yao, &c.];
(insubordination) hutorudika, ku-
toambilska; (private propert
mali, nafuu, visiki. property)

Independent, a. -enyi Indepen-
dence; (keeping to himself) -s¢s-
rifu; (separate) mbali, peke yake,
“toshelevu, -a kujttoshelea; (his
own master) -weza -wenyewe, ho-
dari; (having means) -enyi mali,
tajiri. Beindependent, jzwesea. An
independent air (manner), ukinai-

» UjJUuTIi.

Indescribable, a. -stonenchana, -a
kupita maneno, -a ajabu, -a kits-
sho.

Indestructible, a, -stoharibika,-enyi
ausht, -a dayima.

Indeterminate, a. kama Indefinite.

Index, n. fahirisi, muhtasari, hesabu

ya mambo yaliyomo; (indication,
mark) onyo, elezo.

Indian, n. (of East, Mahommedan)
Mhindi an (heathen) Banya-
nt (Ma-|; (N. American) (watu
wekundu wenyi singa, washenst \.

Indian-corn, n. (grains) mahindi
(7as. Maize); (plant, also cob of
grain) muhindi (mi-).

India-rubber, n. mpira.

Indicate, v. onya, onyesha.

Indication, n. alama, dalili, ishara,
mathubutu, onyo; (hint) kidokezo.
Give an indication (by signs),
ashiria, pungia, konyeza.

Indicative, a. -a kuonya, -a kuarifu.
Ind. Mood, (verb yenyi hali ya
kuonyesha habari haswa, si amri,
si kusudi).

Indict, v. sitaki, dai.

alilia.

192

INDISPOSITION

Indictable, a. -4 kushktaktha.

Indictment, n. mashiaka.

Indifference, n. ubaridi, ukavu wa
macho, upurukushani. It is a
matter of indifference, mamoja, sa-
wa sawa, haithurs.

Indifferent, a. mamoja, sawa; (un-
important) #afifu, -dogo; (slight)
kadiri, kidogo; (apathetic) baridi,
mbali. I am indifferent, mamoja
kwangu, hatthuru, simo, mimi
mbahi.

Indifferently, adv. sawa sawa, pa-
sipo kupendelea ; (slightly) kidogo,
kadiri. ;

Indigence, n. ufukara, umasikini.

Indigenous, a. -zatia, -a inchi ye-
nyewe, -a kuko huko, -a asili,

Indigent, a. maskini, fukara.

Indigestible, a. -siofulia tumboni,
gumu, -zilo, -bichi.

Indigestion, n. tumbo [kuuma).

Indignant, a. -enyi uchungu, -a
hasira.

Indignation, n. uchungu, hasira.

Indignity, n. aibu, jeuri, ufithuls.

Indigo, n. 2/2.

Indirect, a. sz -a hunyoka, st -nyofu,
st thahirt, si wast, -a kusu a.

Indirectly, adv. Awa fumbo, kwa
mfano, kwa siri, kwa hila, st sawa
sawa.

Indiscreet, a. sz -enyi hathari, -pu-
mbafu, -siyo akili, -jinga.

Indisoretion, n. ujinga, si hathari,
si akili,

Indisoriminate, a. kwa -ole sawa
sawa, pasipo lofautli, iwesavyo, vyo
vyote; (disorderly) kafujo; (whole-
sale) jumla, shelabela.

Indispensable, a. kanuni, sharti,
lazimu.

Indispose, v. fia chuki, chuksea,
punguza tamaa (moyo), kasirisha.
He is indisposed to go, Aataks
kwenda.

Indisposed, a. -st ratht, -siokubali,
-stopenda; (unwell) si -zima. He
is indisposed, hawest kidogo.

Indisposition, n. ugonjwa; (dislike)
chuki, hasira, kutorithia.

INDISPUTABLE

Indisputable, a. -siokanikana, -a
kukubalika na wote, pasipo shaka.

Indissoluble, a. -siofanguka, -sio-
vunjika, -a dayima.

Indistinot, a. st wazi, si thahire,
si baini.

Indistinguishable, a. kama mamoja,
st mbali; (imperceptible) -szota-
mbulskana, -dogo sana.

Indite, v. funga, bunt, andika.

Individual, a. -moja, -moja peke
yake, killa -mojawapo, -ake mtu
mmoja, -a killa mtu.

——n. mtu mmoja, kitu kimoja.

Individualism, n. | kukumbuka ma-

mbo ya watu mmoja mmoja tu, si

wole jamit|.

Individuality, n. mafsi, roho;
(character) Zabia, maumbile, sifa,
chapa ; (singleness) umoja, upweke.

Individualize, v. tofautisha | watu,
vitu |, pambanua.

Individually, adv. killa -moja peke
yake, -moja -moja.

Indivisible, a, -stogawanytkana,
-stowesa kuvunjika [hukatwa,
kupunguswa |.

Indocile, a. -ssorudika, -stoambilzka,
-kaidi.

Indoctrinate, v. fundisha, ingiliza

oni.

Indoctrination, n. fundisho, onyo.

Indolence, n. uzembe, &c.

Indolent, a. -sembe, -vivu, -legevu,

tevu.
Indomitable, a. -stoshindika, -sio-
kubali kushindwa, -stofugtka,
hodari,

Indoors, adv. ndani ya nyumba,
ndani. Keep indoors, (neut.)
ta'’wa.

Indorse, v. andikia jina, sahihisha,
tia usahihi, mkono.

Indorsement, n. jina,
mkono.

Indubitable, a. pasi~o shaka, baini,
wast,

Induce, v. vuta, shawishi, shuru-
tisha, bidi; (cause) fanya, leta.
Inducement, n: mvuto, kishawishi,

kitu cha kutamanisha.

usahihi,

193

INESTIMABLE

Induct, v. ingiza, ingiliza, tia katika
hast.

Induction, n. = Inductive reason-

ing; | kuingiza kasisi katika kazi
ake |.

‘| Inductive, a. Inductive reasoning,

(maneno ao hoja ya kuongeza maa-
rifa, kuyatumia yaliyojulika ya-
Julikane yastyojulika.| Anductive
science, [elim ifuatayo Inductive
reasoning |.

Indulge, v. pendelea, achia ; (pas-
sions) miza, jiloa kwa.

Indulgence, n. kuruma, upendeleo,
kuachiwa, ruhusa; (sensuality)
anasa, kujitoa, upotofu.

Indulgent, a. -pole, -ema, -taratibu,
“a kupendelea.

Indurate, v. fanya -gumu, ganda-
miza.

Industrial, a. -a kazi.

Industrious, a. -4 kushika kazi,
enyi bidit ya kazi, -tendajt,

rt.

Industry, n. utendaji, bidii; (em-
ployment) kazi, uchumi.

Indwelling, n. na a, kukaa ndani
moyoni, rohoni).

Inebriate, v. /evya.

Inebriation, n. ulevi.

Ineffable, a. ama Indescribable.

Ineffaceable, a. Lama Indelible.

Ineffective, Ineffectual, Ineffi-
cient, a. -s20faa, -sio na nguvu, st
~enyi njia, hafifu, thatfu, -dogo.

Inelegance, n. st uzuri, kuwa In-
elegant, kosa dogo.

Inelegant, a. sz ~8ure, st sahihi,

Ineligible, a. St -4 kuchagua, -$s10-
stahili, si -teule, si -a kufaa.

Inept, a. -pumbafu, -stofaa.

Inequality,n.[ ali yakuwa si sawa),
tofauti, mbalimbali, namna mbali.

Ineradicable, a. -stoondoleka, -a
asili, -a maumbile.

Inert, a. Lama Inactive.

Inertia, n. w2sfo. Vis inertiae, (udu-
mu wa kwenda ao wa kukaa, killa
kitu kikienda hutaka kwenda, ki-
kikaa hutaka kukaa).

Inestimable, a. -siokadirika | kwa

Oo

INEVITABLE
kuwa -kubwa ao -ingi\, -kubwa

mno.

Inevitable, a. -sioepukika, -a sharti,
pastpo buddi.

Inexact, a. st halisi, st sahihi, -a
kosakosa.

Inexcusable, a. -swachilika | kwa
kuwa -baya sana), -baya nino.

Inexhaustible, a. -stoishé | kwa
kuwa -ingt |, -ingi mno.

Inexorable, a. -sio na huruma, -sto-
samehe, -stobadili, -gumu.

Inexpedient, a. -siofaa.

Inexperience, n. ujinga, kutojua.

Inexperionced, a. jinga, -siojua.

Inexpert, a. st -lekeviu.

Inexpiable, a. [-sioondoleha kwa
malipo ao sadaka|\, -stokomboleka,
-stosameheka.

Inexplicable, a. -stofumbulikana,
-a fumbo, ajabu, matata.

Inexpressible, a. kama Indescrib-
able.

Inextinguishable, a.-s1osimika,-sio-
tulia,

Inextricable, a. -enyi matata mengi
(asiweze mtu kutoka |.

Infallibility, n. #akika, kuwa na
hakika ya kujua pasipo kosa. Papal
infallibility, (askofu wa Rumi ku-
towesa kukosa akitoa amri juu ya
mambo ya imani ya kimasihiya ao
ya kupambanua mema na ma-
baya |.

Infallible, a. -enyi hakika, -stoweza
kukosea kweli, pasipo kosa.

Infamous, a. -a Infamy.

Infamy, n. sifa mbaya, aibu ya wazi,
Setheha,

Infancy, n. uchanga.

Infant, n. mtoto mchanga.

Infanticide, n. kuwa watoto wa-
changa.

Infantine, a. -a kitoto, -jinga.

Infantry, n. asikari (wa kwenda
kwa miguu |.

Infatuate, v. rusha akili, pumba-
stsha, shawishi vibaya, chukua.
Be infatuated, ghururska.

Infatuation, n. ghururi, kuchukuls-
wa, kupotewa akili, kushikwa,

194

INFIRM

Infect, v. ambukiza, tia wito.

Infection, n. kuambukiza, ambukizo,
wito, nguvu ya kujieneza ; (moral)
ushaushi mbaya.

Infectious, a. -2 kuambukiza, -enyi
wito, -enyt nguvu ya kujieneza.
Infelicitous, a. -stofanikiwa, st

heri, -a kukosa.

Infelicity, n. bahati mbaya, shari,
kosa | ma-|.

Infer, v. ona, fahamu |kwa kujua
sababu yake). | infer, kwa sababu
hiyo nathani, bassi naona.

Inference, n. (inferring) | kujua kitu
kwa kuijua sababu yake\, kuta-
mbua; (conclusion) mwisho wa
maneno. The inference is, bassi,
kwa sababu hit, mwisho wa maneno
ndio huu.

Inferential, a. -4 Inference.

Inferior, a. -a chini, -dogo, -baya,
hafifu.

Inferiority, n. kuwa chini, &c.
(Zaz. Inferior).

Infernal, a. -ashetant, -a jehannum;
(utterly bad) -daya sana, -Holaani-

wa.

Infest, v. sumbua, uthi |kwa kuwa
tele, kwa kujaa mahali), jaa tele
(vitu vibaya, adui, &c.| pengi.

Infidel, n. kafiri | ma-), -enyi kuka-
laa imani ya kweli | kumkana
Muungu).

Infidelity, n. ukafiri, kumkana Mu-
ungu, kukataa imani ya kimast-
hiya; (conjugal) uzinzi.

ltrate, v. nywewa, penya, ingi-
lia, chuja. )

Infiltration, n. kuchuja, machujo.

Infinite, a. pasipo mwisho | kikomo,
mpaka, kiasi), -siona mwisho.

Infinitesimal, a. -dogo mno kabisa.

Infinitive Mood, n. (namna ya
Verb yenyi kutumika kama Noun},

Infinitude, n. wingi, pasipo mwisho.

Infinity, n. [safasi ao wakali ao
wingi usio na mwisho kwa kuwa
mkubwa), pasipo kiasi, billa
mwisho, wingi.

Infirm, a. #ktasfu, -gonjwa, si thabiti,
-a kusita.

INFIRMARY

Infirmary, n. nyumba ya wagonjwa,
nyumba ya dawa.

Infirmity, n. wuthatfu, ugonjwa,
upungufu. ji

ame, v. washa, kasirisha, ongoza,
amsha.

Inflammable, a. -a kuwaka moto,
-a kuwashika.

Inflammation, n. mwako, moto.

Inflammatory, a. -4 kuwasha, -a
kuchochea; (exasperating) -a kutia
Aitina, -a ugomvi, -a asirisha,
-a kusukasuka,

Inflate, v. pulisia; (expand) vimbi-
sha, panua; (elate) tia moyo | ki-
buri, tumaini), kweza; (enlarge)
ongeza, kuza.

Inflated, a. -a kiburi, -a fahari,
-kuu.

Inflation, n. kuvimba; (pride) ma-
Jivuno, makuu.

Inflect, v. badili, geuza.

Inflection, n. mabadili, kubadilika.

Inflexibility, n. kuwa Inflexible.

Inflexible, a. -stopindika, -sionyu-
mbuka ; (determined) -gumu, -sto-
badili, thabiti.

Inflict, v. ta, pasha, pasisha, pele-
kea.

Infliction, n. kufia, kupasha;

' (punishment) athabu; (calamity)
msiba.

Inflow, n. (tama Influz).

Influence, n. muuto, maongozi, ngu-
vu, jina, ushawishi,

v. wuld, ongoza, rudi, shawishi,

geuza.

Influential, a. -enyi Influence.
An influential person, mfu mkubwa.

Influenza, n. makamasi, kifua.

Enflux, n. kuja ndani, kuingia, ku-
letwa, majilio.

Infold, v. kunja ndani, tia ndani,
kumbatia.

Inform, v. juvya, arifu, -pa habari,
Aubiri. A well-informed person,
mtu mjuzi, mwenyi maarifa,
ajuaye mambo. 1 am informed,
nimeambiwa, nimesikia habari.

Informal, a. si kawaida, st taratibu,
billa heshima, ovyo, -a haraka.

195

INHABIT

Informant, n. mleta habari, mjumbe
(wa-|.

Information, n. hadari, taarifu,
maarifa, baina.

Informer, n. mleta habari, mcho-
ngezi, maukizi.

Infraction, Infringement, n. ku-
vunja, kukosea, kutoshika, uha-
lifu.

Infrequency, n. kuwa haba, ucha-
che, shidda,

Infreguent, a. si marra nyingi, si
sawa, st -20efu, -chache, shidda.
Infringe, v. vunja, kosea, &c. (Tas.

Infraction).

Infuriate, v. ghathabisha, tia ukali.

Infuse, v. mwagia, miminia, nywe-
sha; (in the mind) tia ndani, tilia
moyoni, ingizta, nywesha,

Infusible, a. -a kutilika, -a kunywe-
sha; (not fusible) -stoyeyuka,

Infusion, n. kumwagia, &c, (Taz.
Infuse); (dawa ya maji).

Infusoria, n. vidudu vidogovidogo.

Ingathering, n. mkusanyo, mcha-
ngo; (harvest) mavuno.

Ingenious, a. -enyi akili, waria,
hodari, -yust, drifu, -bingwa.

Ingenuity, n. ujust, umahili, akili,
uyusi, busara.

Ingenuous, a. -nyofu, -kunjufu,
-sto na hila.

Inglorious, a. -nyonge, -a aibu, pa-
sipo heshima,

tng n. kipande, kidonge (cha ma-
dini).

Ingraft, v. fandikiza; (in the mind)
tia ndani, tilta moyoni, fundisha.

Ingrain, v. kama Ingraft.

Ingratiate, v. pendekeza,

Ingratitude, n. kutokuwa na shu-
krani, kutoshukuru.

Ingredient, n. sehemu, nussu, kitu
kilichomo, ndani yake, kichanga-
nyiko.

Ingress, n. kuingia, mlango, ruhusa
kuingia, njia.

Inguinal, a. -a manena.

Ingulf, v. meza, -la, -nywa.

Inhabit, v. kaa katika, kaa penyi,
kalia, kaa.

02

INHABITABLE

Inhabitable, a. -2 kukaa wafu, -a
kukalika na watu.

Inhabitant, n. mkazi, mkaa, mtu
(wa mji fullani), mwenyeji.

Inhalation, n. kuvuta hewa | pu-
muzi), Grc.

Inhale, v. vuta (shusha) pumuzi,
vuta hewa, pisha puani | kooni |.
Inharmonious, a. si -#nganifu, si

-enyi kupatana vema, -baya.

Inhere, v. siikamana na, kaa ndani
ya, ~wamo.

Inherence, n. kuwa ndani, kuwa
mamoja, kuwamo.

Inherent, a. -2 ndani, -a asili,

Inherit, v. r2thi.

Inheritance, n. urithi.

Inheritor, n. mrithi (wa-|.

Inhibit, v. kataza, gombeza, zuta,
harimisha.

Inhibition, n. makataso, masuto.

Inhospitable, a. -stopokea wageni,
-baya, -enyi mlango mbaya, st -ka-
vibishajé.

Inhospitality, n. kutopokea wageni,
ubaya [wa kutofaa wate).

Inhuman, a. -kali sana, -korof.,
kama mnyama, -sio na huru-

Inhumanity, n. wskhorof, ukali
mbaya.

Inimical, a. -a kuzuia, -a kushi-
ndana, -lio juu, adui.

Inimitable, a. -stoigika, -sio na ki-
fani, ajabu sana.

Iniguitous, a. vvu, -baya.

Iniguity, n. uovu, ubaya.

Initial, a. -4 mwanzo, -a kwanza.

——n. (harufu ya kwanza ya jina
la mtu).

Initiate, v. ansa, ansisha, ansslisha,
maliki; (teach elements) -ansa
kufundisha; (admit) ingisa, ingi-
liza; (make a Mahommedan) s5:/:-
misha.

Initiation, n. mwanso, kuingiza,
kuingia.

Initiative, Initiatory, a. -2 kwa-
nza, -a kuingiza.

Inject, v. ingisa kwa nguvu, penye-
sha ndani.

196

INNOVATION

Injection, n. kuingiza; (in medicine)
dawa [ya kuingiswa ndani).

Injudioious, a. -jinga, si -juzi, st
.a akili.

Injunction, n. amri, agizo.

Injure, v. ¢huru, umiza, haribu,
kasiri, vunja.

Injurious, a. -thulumu, -a kuthuru,
-a kutia hasara, shari.

Injury, n. mathara, jeraha, hasara.

Injustice, n. thulumu, ulhalimu,
jeuri.

Ink, n. wino.

—— v, taka wino, tia wino.

Inkling, n. kidokezo | vi-|, dalili, ki-
vuli, uayo. Get an inkling of,
sikia kidogo, onja.

Inkstand, n. kidau cha wino.

Inky, a. enyi wino, -¢ust kama
wino, giza Sana.

Inlaid-work, n. #njumu.

Inland, a. -2 barra, -a juu, -a ndani,
-a nyuma.

Inlay, v. (p. t. ma pf. t. Inlaid) fanya
kasi ya njumu.

Inlet, n. ayia, mlango; (creek) gubba
ndogo.

Inmate, n. mkaa (wa nyumba fu-
Mani), mkasi.

Inmost, a. -a ndani kabisa.

Inn, n. nyumba ya kupokea wageni,
kituo, mkahawani.

Innate, a. -4 asili, -a maumbile, -a
tabia,

Inner, a. -a ndani sayidi, -a ndani,

Innings, n. zamu (katika mchezo).

Innkeeper, n. mwenyeji wa Inn.

Innocency, Innocence, n. weupe,
kuwa bila kosa, usafi; (simplicity)
ujinga, kutojua mambo.

Innocent, a. -cupe, safi, pasipo hao
tiya, -stokosa; (simple) -jinga, -a
kitoto. Declare innocent, ondoa
hatiyant, achilia. He is innocent,
hakukosa.

Innocuous, Innoxious, a. -sio-
thuru, -stouma, -ema, -surt; (of
food) -a kulika.

Innovate, v. fanya Innovation, sua.

Innovation, n. (novelty) msusi
(mi-), uzushi, usuli; (change)

INNOVATOR

mageuzi, mabadili, mambo mapya,
mageni.

Innovator, n. msushi (wa-|.

Innuendo, n. masingtsto, kusenge-
nya, machongest.

Innumerable, a. -stohesabika | kwa
kuwa -ingt sana).

Innutritious, a. (food) -stotza ngu-
vu, -stofaa.

Inoculate, v. ambukisa, chanja;
(teach, insinuate) fundisha [ maba-
ya), julisha (kwa werevu), tia
moyoni.

Inoculation, n. kuchanja, &c.

Inodorous, a. -sionuka, pasipo ha-
vufu.

Inoffensive, a. -siothuru, si -kalt,
pole, st -enys shari.

Inoperative, a. -sto nu nguvu, Enyi
kutanguka, -fu, -liokufa.

Inopportune, a. -sumbufu, -siofaa.
It is inopportune, s2 wakati wake.

Inordinate, a. pasipo kiasi, billa
taratibu, -ingt mno.

Inorganic, a. st -enyt uzima, -a
kifu, kama jiwe.

Inquest, n. darasa ya kathi (kwa
hukumu ya jambo la mauti).
Hold an inguest on, barisia ma-
Jiti |kumekuwaje kufa).

Inguietude, n. kutotulia, fathaa.

Inquire, v. uliza, usa, tafuta habari,
saili.

Inquirer, n. mwenyi kuuliza, Sc.

Inquiring, a. -4 kutafuta, “tafiti.

Inquiry, n. 44:20 [ma-], swali [ ma-);
(legal, formal) hukumu, baraza,
maneno; (general) kutafuta habari,
uchungulisi. Hold an inquiry into,
barisi kwa.

Inguisition, n. (baraza kuu ya ku-
hukumia wazushi wa dini).

Inquisitive, a. -pekuzi, -pelelesi,
“tafiti, -jasusi. An inguisitive

rson, mpelelezi, mdadisi, duzi
mar).

Inquisitiveness, n. ujasusi, utafiti.

Inguisitor, n. mfu wa Inguisition,
hakimu (ma- |).

Inroad, n. vita, ushambulio; (en-
croachment) kukwaa nussu, katia.

197

INSIGNIFICANT

Make inroads on, -/a, vunja, hae
ribu, kasiri, katia.

Ins and outs, n. vipengee, mapindi,
mizingo,

Insalubrious, a. sz -enyi afya.

Insano, a. -enyi wastmo.

Insanity, n. wastmo.

Insatiable, a. -stotosheleka, -sto ratht,
-Stotsha; (voracious) -/afi.

Inscribe, v. andika, andtkia, chora.

Inscription, n. mwandiko, andiko
[mua-], maneno | yaliyoandikwa) ;
(on tomb, &c.) farihs, machoro.

Inscrutable, a. -a fumbo, -a siri,
-stotambulikana,

Insect, n. mdudu [wa-].

Insectivorous, a, -/a wadudu,

Insecure, a. -enyt hatart,-a mashaka,
$8 tmara, si thabiti.

Insecurity, n. fatart, mashaka,
uthatfu, ubovu. .
Insensate, a. pasipo akili, -pumbafu,

mnyama.

Insensibility, n. kwa Insensible.

Insensible, a. -stoona; (impercep-
tible) -szooneka,-dogo, Beinsensible,
zimia rokho, si ona neno, rukwa na
akili. He is insensible to pity,
hana huruma. He is insensible to
praise, sifa hasimpendest.

Insensibly, adv. kedogo-kidogo.

Inseparable, a. -stotengeka, siku
zote pamoja, mamoja, kama pete
na kidole,

Insert, v. ta ndani, tilia, penyesa,
Ingiza.

Insertion, n. kuingiza, kilichoingi-
swa (Tas. Insert).

Inside, a. na n. upande wa ndani,
ndani, ndani ya, -a ndani,

Insidious, a. -erevu, -a hila, -danga-
nyifu.

Insight, n. ufahamu, akili, kuta-
mbua.

Insignia, n. dalili za cheo | kama
nishani, tepe, taji, Stc. |.

Insignificance, n. ##yonge, udogo,
uhafifu, kutokuwa na maana.

Insignificant, a. (person) -nyonge,
dogo, thaifu; (thing) hafifu,
duni.

INSINCERE

Insincere, a. -si amini, -st -nyoft,
-danganyifu.

Insincerity, n. udanganyifu, hila,
kuwa Insincere.

Insinuate, v. penyeza kidogo kidogo
(kwa hila), ingiliza, nena kwa
fumbo; (ingratiate) pendekeza ;
(suggest darkly) dokesa, singizia.

Insinuating, a. -a kujipendekeza,
-enyt mapendezi, -a kudokeza.

Insinuation, n. kupenyeza, &c. ;
neno la kusingisia (la kuchongea
kwa siri), uchongesi, dokezo (ma-},
kidokezi.

Insipid, a. (dull) - Fufu, -st¢o, baridi;
(tasteless) -sio na kiungo,—siokolea,
pasipo utamu.

Insipidity, n. udufu, &c. (Tas.
Insipid).

Insist, v. #ena kwa nguvu [kwa
bidi), chagisa, shurutssha, amuru
kwa nguvu, zidi kuomba.

Insobriety,n. u/evs; (extravagance)
st kiasi, wingi, makuu.

Insolence, n. ufithuli, jeuri, kinaya,
ushutumifu, usafihi.

Insolent, a. -fthuli, Sc. (Tas. Inso-
lence).

Insolubility, n. £4#wa Insoluble.

Insoluble, a. -szoyeyuka; (inex-
plicable) -stofumbulikana, -a fu-
mbo, -gumu sana,

Insolvency, n. kufilisika.

Insolvent, a. -stowesa kulipa deni,
enyi kufilisika,

Insomuch, adv. salfa, kwa ginsi.

Inspect, v. fazama, lasamia, ona,
chungulia, simamia, angalia ; (of
troops, &c.) kagua.

Inspeotion, n. kuangulia, &c. ( Taz.
Inspect), mkaguo, ukagust, kwo-
bas.

Inspector, n. msimamiszi, mwanga"
list, mkaguzi.

Inspiration, n. kuvula pumusi, upu-
sto; (guidance, direction) mao-
ngozi, shauri, onyo ; (divine guid-
ance) mi ya Muungu, upusio
wa Roho Mtakatifu, Muungu.

Inspire, v. usia, vuta pumuzi;
(suggest) za moyoni | shauri, hofu,

198

INSTINCTIVE

tumaini, &c.|; (direct) ongoza,
endesa, sukuma. He is inspired,
amefunguliwa heri, ameongozwa
na Muungu.

Inspirit, v. -pa moyo, amsha, tere-
mesha,changa' msha, ondoa huzuni.

Instability, n. kutikisika, kutosi-
mama, kugeuka, kigeugeu, mleoleo;
(weakness) uthatfu, ulegevu.

Install, v. ‘awasa, tra katika kazi,
weka.

Installation, n. kufawazsa, kuweka.

Instalment, n. = Installation ;
(portion) sehemu, nussu, fungu [la
dent, malipo, malt, &c.).

Instance, n. jambo; (example) na-
mna; (request) shauri, wombezi,
maongozi. For instance, 4:v:, ka-
ma hivi, ginsi hii. In the first
instance, kwanza.

—— Vv. faja, nena.

Instant, a.-a marra moja,-aghafula,
-a palepale; (close) -a karibu;
(next) -a mwezi huu, -a pili.

—— n. dakika. Wait an instant,
ngoja kidogo. In an instant, In-
stantly, Instantaneously, gidfala
hiyo, marra moja, sasa hivi,

Instantaneous, a. -a dakika moja,
-a marra moja, palepale.

Instate, v. = Install.

Instead (of), adv. mahali pake,
badala yake, mahali | pa), pale-
pale, sawa (na).

Instep, n. (karibu na vidole vya
mguu na juu kidogo, juu ya
uayo|.

Instigate, v. on , sukumisza, vuta
[Awa mabaya |, chomesha.
Instigation, n. shaurt, maongozi

Liwa mabaya), usukumist, ushau-
shi

Instigator, n. mshauri, msukumisi.

Instill, v. tia moyoni taratibu, fundi-
Sha kidogo kidogo.

Instinct, n. akili za mnyama, akili
za mdudu (kuliko binadamu);
(propensity) Z#abia, tamaa, moyo,
kutaka ; (unreasoned impulse) nza
ya ghdfala.

Instinctive, a. -a fabia, -a moyo

INSTITUTE

~ [bela shauri ao fikara ao ufahamu |,
-a ghdfala, -a marra moja.

Institute, v. anzisha, fanyiza, sima-
misha, amuru, maliki.

—, Institution, n. kuanzisha,

_ &c.; (rule, established practice)

. kawaida, desturi, sheria; (society)
jamii ya watu | iliyofanyika kwa
kusudi ya kasi fullani|, nyumba,
chama, shirika.

Instruct, v. fundisha, lea, elemisha,
adilisha, hekimisha; (give orders)
agiza, amuru.

Instruction, n. mafundisho, malezi ;
(commission) maagizo.

Instructive, a. -4 kufundisha, -a
kufaa kwa maarifa na adili, -a
maana,

Instructor, n. mwalimu, mkufunzi
[wa-]; (in arts) fundi [ma-].

Instrument, n. | kifu cha kufanyizia
kasi |, chombo, kipande, samani; (in
law) hats, hol; (agent) mtumishi
[wa-], mjumbe (wary ,wakili(ma-|.

Instrumental, a. -a kutendea kazi,
-a kutumika, -a kufaa, -a kusa-
yidia; (music) -@ ngoma namna
namna (mbalimbali), He was
instrumental, alstumika, alitenda
kazi, alikuwamo.

Instrumentality, n, mafumizi, utu-
Me, Nguvu, njia.

Insubordinate, a. -asz, -kaidi, halifu.

Insubordination, n. maasi, ukaidi,
ukinaifu, kiburi, uhalifu.

Insufferable, a. -stochukulika, -sto-
vumiltka, -a kuchukiza, -baya sana.

Insufficiency, n. Autotosha, kuwa
haba, upungufu, uchache.

Insufficient, a. -szotosha, kidogo, ha-
ba, shidda, -chache.

Insular, 2. -a kisiwa, -a kukaa kisi-
want; (narrow, selfish) -a peke yake,
-a kujiona, -a kigeni, -kinatfu.

Insularity, n. kuwa kisiwa; kuwa
-kinatfu, Sc.

Insulate, v. weka peke yake, tenga.

Insulation, n. kulengwa, kukaa
pekee.

Insult, n. Zakano [ma-], ufithuli,
usafihs, jeuri.

199

INTENBE

Insult, v. tukana, fithulika, tenda
Jeuri.

Insulting, a. -2 kutukana, -fithuli,
-a jeuri.

Insuperable, a. -szopitika, -sioondo-
leka, -kubwa sana.

Insupportable, a. =Insufferable.

Insuppreasible, a. -stozuskana.

Insurance, n. bima, masharti ya
bima, jukum.

Insure, v. dirtki, thamanisha, fanya
haktka ya; (in trade) fanya bima
ya, lipa jukum.,

Insurgent, n. na a. mwasi, mfitint,
-ast, -halifu,

Insurmountable, a. = Insuper-
able.

Insurrection, n. maasi, fitina.

Insusceptible, a. -szopatika, -stoona.

Intact, a. -2tma, kamili, -ote, sala-
mu, pasipo hasara.

Intaglio, n. (sanamu ya mchoro|.

Intangible, a. -stooncka kwa kugu-
sa, -Stoonckana, -stotambulthkana,
kama st kitu.

Integral, a. kanuni, -a asili.

Integrity, n. uzima, ukamilifu;
(of character) amini, uaminifu,
haki, wema, tabia bora,

Integument,n. kifuniko | vi- |, ngozi,
ganda |ma- |). yi Lor mee

Intellect, n. akili (Zaz. Intelli-
gence).

Intellectual, a. -eny2 akili, -a akili,
Sahamifu.

Intelligence, n. akili, ufahamu, bu-
Sara, Ujuzi, welekevu, utambuzi ;
(news, &c.) kabari, maarifa.

Intelligent, a. -enyi akili, -tambusi,
-fahamifu, -yust,

Intelligible, a. -4 maana, -a kufa-
hamtka, thahiré, -a kuelea.

Intemperance, n. kutokuwa na kt-
ast, kutojizuta, ulevi.

Intemperate, a. sz -enyi kiasi, -levi.

Intend, v. kusudia, nta, azimu, taka.

Intended, n. mchumba.

Intense, a. -2 mkazo, -a nguvu, -ingi
sana, -kubwa sana, -a kung'aa
sana, -kalt sana, -a bidii sana,
-a juhudi.

INTENSELY
Intensely, adv. kwa nguvu, kabisa,

sana.

' Intensify, v. kaza, ongeza, zidisha.

Intensity, n. mkazo, buliti, nguvu,
ukali.

Intent (on), a. -enyi bidii [ya], -a

kujikaza | kwa |.

, Intention, n. nza, kusudi,
shauri, moyo, maana, mradi, Well-
intentioned, -enyi nia njema, -enyt
moyo mwema. To all intents and
purposes, kweli, barabara, sawa
kama. |

Intentional, a. -a kusudi, -a moyo,

Intentionally, adv. makusudi, kwa
moyo.

Intently, adv. kwa kukaza, kwa
Nguvu.

Intentness, n. mkazo, bidii, uanga-
lifu,

Inter, v. zika.

Interaction, n. Autendana, utenda-
no | kasi ya -enyewe kwa -enyewe |.

Intercalate, v. zia kati, penyeza.

Intercede (for), v. ombea, tetea, sihi
[toa maneno) kwa ajili ya, nenea.

Intercept, v. kamata njiani, katisia
njia.

Intercession, kuombea,
mbezi.

Intercessor, n. mwombezi, mnenezi.

Intercessory, a. -4 kuombea.

Interchange, v. badili, badiliana..

Interchangeable, a. -a kubadili-
kana, sawa sawa halist, mfano
mmoja.

Intercolonial, a. [-@ Colonies se-
nyewe kwa zenyewe |.

Intercommunion, n. sharika,

Intercourse, n. (social) masungu-
m20, maongezi, urafiki, kujiliana,
usharika; (commercial) biashara,
kubadiliana uitu; (sexual) mambo
ya mume na mke, kutomba,

Interdict, n. makatazo, kuharimi-
sha, laana; (papal) [amri ya kute-
nga watu na ibada ya dini na
Usharika Mtakatifu |.

— v. gombeza, rufuku, kataza, ha-
vimtsha,

Interest, n. moyo wa kupenda (ku-

n. mao-

200

INTERMINABLE

taka, kutunsa, kuangalia, kuogopa,
Rustkitikia, kuonea, huruma, &c. |);
(profit) fayida; (share) sehemu,
shirika; (earnestness) 6:dit; (in-
fluence) nguvu, kupendelewa. He
takes no interest in me, hantpendi,
hantangalit. He listened with
great interest, alsstkiliza sana. He
got on by interest, alipata cheo
kwa kupendelewa. It involves
many interests, yapasa wafu wengi.
He charges 5 per cent. interest,
mia kwa tano ndio fayida yake.
In the interest of, kwa ajili ya,
kwa fayida ya.

Interest, v. t2a moyo wa kupenda, &c.
( Zaz. Interest, n.); vuta, angali-

" za, pendeza, pasa, tamantsha, tasa-
misha, chomesha, amsha.

Interested, a. -enyi Interest, n.
From interested motives, kwa aji/i
ya fayida.

Interesting, a. -enyi kufia Interest,
n. -a kuvuta, -a kupendeza, Sc.
Interfere, v. sipenyesa, jiingiliza,
Jitia kati, jidukisa; (check) kati-

za, zuia. .

Interference, n. kujifia kati, kuzuia.

Interim, n. muda wa kati.

Interior, n. na a. upande wa ndani,
ndani, -a ndani; (of country) ba-
vya, inchi za juu.

Interjection, n. (neno kama kilio,
-hivt, te, lo-o, att, kumbe, haya,
weye, &c. |.

Interlace, v. Zatanisha, changanya.

Interlard, v. changanya.

Interleave, v. (changanya karasa
tupu kitabuni, pangilia karatasi
kati ya karasa|.

Interline, v. fangilia kati ya mi-
start (msstari kwa mistari |.

Interlinear, a. kati ya mistari.

Interlocutor, n. (mwenyi kuuliza
ao kusemana)|.

Interloper, n. mdukizi, mpelelest.

Interlude, n. (mchezo wa kati |.

Intermarry, Vv. cana.

Intermediate, a. -a kati, -a beina.

Interment, n. masiko.

Interminable, a. Pasipo mwisho, -a

INTERMINGLE

201

INTIMATE

kufufuliza; (wearisome) -a ku- | Interrogative, Interrogatory, a. -4

chosha.

kuuliza.

Intermingle, v. changanya, tanga- | Interrupt, v. dakisa, katisa, jitia

manisha,
Intermission, n. kituo, kufulia; (in-
terval) muda wa katt, kikomo.
Intermit, v. simamisha, katiza, ko-
mesha, muda kitambo ; (neut.) koma,
tulia.

Intermittent, a. -enyi vipindi, -a

kwenda na kurudi, -a kukoma na
marra kurudi,

Intermiz, v. changanya.

Internal, a. -4 ndani, -a moyoni, -a
Jambo lenyewe, -a inchi yenyewe.
International, a. (-a mataifa wao

kwa wao).

Internecine, a. -a kuuana, -kali
sana,

Interpellation, n. (question) swa/z,
ulizo; (interruption) kukatiza ma-
neno.

Interpolate, v. penyesa | maneno ki-
labuni kwa siri ao kwa hila),

changanyisha, ghoshi. The book
has been interpolated (falsified),
kitabu kimeghoshiwa.

Interpolation, n. | kupenyeza maneno
kwa hila kitabuni, maneno yali-
yopenyezwa kwa hila|.

Interpolator, n. (mwenyi kupenyeza
maneno, Sic.).

Interpose, v. ta hats, ingiza, penye-
za; (neut.) jetta kati.

Interposition, n. kutia kati, kuji-
ingiza. ~ Interposition of Provid-
ence, A special interposition, Muu-
ngu, maongozi ya Muungu.

Interpret, v. fasiri, fafanisha, eleza
maana, ththirisha,

Interpretation, n. /afsirt, maana,
mafafanust,

Interpreter, n. mkalimani [wa-],
posoro, mfasiri.

Interregnum, n. | wakati pasipo mfa-
Ime, mfalme asipotawazwa bado).
Interrogate, v. uliza, hoji, tafutia

habari, dadisi.

Interrogation, n. 220,
Note of interrogation,

hii (?)).

swali,
[alama

katt, pingamiza, jidukisa, kinga-
misha, viza.

Interruption, n. madaktzo, kizuizo,
zuio [ma-], kukatiza, kukinga-
misha.

Intersect, v. katana, kutana, kinga-
mana, katakata,

Intersection, n. kukafana, mkuta-

no, mkingamo.
Intersperse, v. changanya, tia
katt.

Interstice, n. (nafasi ndogo ya kati),
kitundu, ufa |ny-), jicho | ma-|.
Intertwine, v. ‘atisa, sokota, suka.
Interval, n. nafasi, wakali wa katt,
kituo. At intervals, marra kwa

marra, kwa vipindi.

Intervene, v. 7a (tokea | kati, sitia
(engia) kati.

Intervention, n. kujitia kali, uju- —
mbe.

Interview, n. mkutano [wa watu
wawil: ), baraza.

v. zuru | makusudi ya kupata
habari), toza habari. j

Interweave, v. fafanisha, changa-
nya.

Intestacy, n. [halt ya kuwa Intes-
tate}.

Intestate, a. pasipo wosia, pasipo
kurithisha mali.

Intestine, a. -a inchi yenyewe, -a
taifa lenyewe, -a wenyewe kwa
wenyewe, -a ndani.

(small)

Intestines, n. "mafumbo;
chango.

Inthral, v. funga, tia utumwani ;
(captivate) shinda, weza, chukua.

Inthralment, n. utumwa; kushi-
ndwa moyo.

Intimacy, n. urafiki, usharika.

Intimate, a. -4 ndani, -a moyo, -a
moyoni; (thorough, complete) ka-
“mili, -a -ote. An intimate friend,
msiri. Intimate knowledge, ku-
yua sana.

—— v. arifu, hubiri, onya. He in-
timated to me, aliniambia,

INTIMATION

Intimation, n. taarifu, habari, neno,
onyo, ishara.

Intimidate, v. isha, ogofya, shi-
nda, kamia.

Intimidation, n. kitisho, ogofya
(mma-), makamio.

Into, prep. (kuingia, kuja, kwenda)
katika, kwa, -nt, ndani ya.

Intolerable, a. -stochukulska, -siovu-
milika, -stlo mno, -a kulemea.

Intolerance, n. kutovumilia, ku-
lostkia maneno, kugombeza ma-
neno.

Intolerant, a. -siokubali, -stoweza
kuvumilia, -a kutiisha, -a kufu-
kuza, -a kunyamazisha watu,

Intonation, n. sauti, kuimba,tam' ko.

Intone, v. zmda.

Intoxicant, n. kileo (vz-].

Intoxicate, v. rusha akilt, shinda,
chukua; (make drank) /evya.

Intoxication, n. kileo, kulewa; (ex-
citement) Aupotewa akili, kuchu-
kuliwa na furaha [kiburi, tu-
maini, 8c. |.

Intractable, a. -fundu,-kaidi,-gumu,
-baya.

Intrench, v. fanyia boma.

Intrenchment, n. boma [ma-].

Intrepid, a. -kavu wa macho, -gumtu,
jasiri, -enyt moyo mkuu.

Intrepidity, n. kuwa Intrepid.

Intricacy, n. matatiso, mambo me-
ngi, sehemu nyingi, ugumu.

Intricate, a. -enyt sehemu nyingi,
-enyt matatizo, -a kutatantka, -a
kazi nyingi, -a fumbo, -gumu.

Intrigue, n. hela, werevu, shauri la
siri, fitina.

— v. fanya hila, &c.

Intrinsio, a. [-a kifu chenyewe peke
yake), -a ndani, -a asili, halisi.
Introduce, v. /eta, ingiza, penyesa;
(bring into notice) anza, tangaza,
tembesa; (make acquainted) 7u/s-

sha, julishana,

Introduction, n. kuleta, kuingiza,
&c. (Zas. Introduce); (primer)
mlango, mwanso; (preface) ma-
neno ya mbele | kitabuni), mata-
ngulizi,

202

INVECTIVE

Introductory, a. -@ mwanzo, -a
kuanzisha.

Intromission, n. kuingiza, kupe-
nyesha.

Introspection, n. kujiangalia nafsi,
kujifikiri, kujiwasia.

Intrude, v. |/eta ao ingiza pasipo
adabu kwa jeuri ao ufithuli), jipe-
nyesha, jidukiza, fumania.

Intruder, n. kizushi |vi-), mdukizi,
mpelelezi.

Intrusion, n. kujipenyesha, Sc.
(Zaz. Intrude).

Intrusive, a. -a kuingia pasipo-
faa.

Intrust (to), v. wekea amana [ra-
hani), aminia, salimishia, pokeza,
habithisha.

Intuition, n. wazo/a ghdfala, kuona
kwa akili (kwa marra moja ao
kwa kutupia jicho).

Intuitive, a.-a marra moja, ghdfala,
bila kufikiri.

Inundate, v. gharikisha, furika ka-
tika, funikisa maji; (fillup) jaza,
enezea.

Inundation, n. mafuriko, gharika ;
(abundance) wings.

Inure, v. zoeza. Inured to, -z0efu

wa.

Tnutility, n. kufofaa, uthaifu, ubovu.

Invade, v. efa vita, ingia vitani,
shambulia ; (treat unjustly) vunja,
thulumu.

Invader, n. mileta vita, adui.

Invalid, n. mgonjwa (wa-|, mwels.

— a. -sio na nguvu, -liotanguka,
-Stofaa, -a burre, batili.

Invalidate, v. tangua, batili, bati-
lisha.

Invalidity, n. ukosefu wa nguvu,
kutofaa, kutanguka.

Invaluable, a.-a thamant sana, -a
tun.

Invariable, a. -stobadth, sawasawa
siku zole.

Invasion, n. vifa, kuleta vita, usha-
mbulio; (encroachment) kukata,

nja.

Inveotive, n. matukano, mashutu-

mu, matusi, natelo, mashtaka.

INVEIGH

Inveigh (against), v. sema, nenea,
amba, tukana, shtakt, shutumu.
‘Inveigle, v. vuta (kwa mabaya),

shawishi, bembeleza.

Invent, v. sua, tunga, bunt, vumbua,
Janyiza.

Invention, n. kifu cha ajabu | kipya,
kigeni, kisult|\, mzungu |mi- |);
(untruth) Az/a, uwongo; (invent-
iveness) akili za kuvumbua, ku-
bunt, Src., Werevit.

Inventive, a. -lekefu, hodari kwa
kubuni, &c.( Zaz, Invent), -susht.

Inventor, n. -enyé kubuni, -sushi

(7as. Invent).

Inventory, n. fahirisi, hesabu, dar
Start, worotha.

Inverse, a. -a kinyume, mbalimbali,
-a kupinduka.

Inversion, n. kugeuza, kupindua,
mapinduzi.

Invert, v. findua, geuza.

Invertebrate, a. [sé -enyi uti wa
maungo|.

Invest, v. (money) weka; (clothe)
pa, vika, pamba ; (place in) #ngiza
katika, tta katika; ; (besiege) sx-
nguka, fanya masingiwa, Invest
(money) in, gharamia, nunua,
wekea. -

Investigate, v. tafutatafuta habari
ya, hakikia, hoji, ulizia.

Investigation, n. kutafuta habari,
kuhakikia, hoja. Judicial investi-
gation, kukumu.

Investiture, n. kumilikisha, kuta-
waza, kuingiza katika | kabithi-
sha) kazi (ensz|; (neut.) kupewa
kasi (enzi).

Investment, n. gharama, matumizt
yafetha, malipo; (siege) mazingiwa.

Inveterate, a. -4 zamani, -a nguvu,
-a kuzoea, -a siku nyingi.

Invidious, a. -a kuchukiza, -a kutia
chuki, -a hasidi, -a kupendelea.

Invigorate, v. -pa nguvu, lia uzima,
ponya, thubutisha.

Invincible,
kushinda yote, -shindajé.

Inviolable, a. wakfu, -a heshima,
-stovunjtka, -sioharibika.

203

a. -Stoshindtha, -enyi

IRON

Inviolate, a. -21ma, safi, -stoharibika.

Invisible, a. -stoonekana. Become
invisible, (vanish) foweka.

Invitation, n. aliko (ma-), kuila,
mwalo,

Invite, v. #fa, laka; (attract) vuta,
shawishi ; (guests) karibisha,alika.

Invocation, n. maombi (Taz. In-
voke), kuomba, &c.

Invoice, n. worotha, daftari. .

Invoke, v. (ask for) omba, siki,
taka; (pray to) kolea sala, salia,
omba kwa.

Involuntary, a. -s20 kusudi, Pasipo
kutaka, bila kujua, si kwa akili.
Involve, v. (wrap) funika ; (place)

ita, weka; (bring, cause) /efa,
fanya, -wa sababu ya, pasha.
Involved, a. (in debt) -enyi deni;
(embarrassed, difficult) -enyi ma-
tata, -gumu, -stoelea.
Invulnerable, a. -siopatika [na je-
raha, mishale, Stc. |, -stovunjtka.

Inward, a. -a ndani, -a moyoni,
yohoni.
Inwardly, adv. kwa ndani, ndani,

moyoni.

Inwards, adv. ndani.

— n. matumbo.

Inwrought, a. -diotiwa ndani, -lio-
changanyika ; (inlaid) -a kazi ya
njum

Tota, n. "kipande kidogo, kidogo.

Irascible, a. -epest kwa hasira, -kali,
-enyi chukichuki, -a harara.

Irate, a. -a hasira.

Ire, n. kasira, ukali, harara.

Iridescence, n. wangafu (wa kitu
chenyi rangi zole jamii za upindi
wa mvua |.

Iridescent, a. -eny Iridescence.

Irksome, a. -a kuchosha, -a kuchu-
kiza, -a kulemea, -sumbufu.

Iron, n. chuma; (for laundry) gasi.
Cast iron, chuma ya bu.
Wrought iron, chuma ya kufua.
Pieces of iron, vyuma. Put in

irons, tia pingu, funga minyororo,

nga.
—— a. -achuma,; (hard) -gumu sana.
—— Vv. piga past.

IRON-BAR

Iron-bar, n. ufito wa chuma, upao;
(thick) mtaimbo [ mi-|.

Ironclad, n. manowari ya chuma.

Ironical, a. -a Irony. —

Ironmaster, n. (mwenyi kufanyiza
chuma, mkuu wa mafundi wengi
wafua chuma).

Ironmonger, n. | mwenyi biashara
ya vyombo vya chuma).

Ironwork, Ironware, Ironmon-
gery, n. vifu vya chuma,

Irony, n. 4bishi, kucheka, thithaka.

Irradiate, v. oa mwanga pande sate,
angaza, mulika, tia nuru; (rejoice)
furahisha; (give lustre to) fahi-
risha; (enlighten) pasha elimu
{ maarifa |.

Irradiation, n. kutoka mwanga,
mwanga ; (brilliancy) fahari, wa-

ngaju.
Irrational, a. -sto na akili, ss kwa

akili, -pumbafu,

Irreclaimable, a. -storudtka, -siole-
ngenezeka.

Irreconcilable, a. -stopatana kabisa,
mbalimbali.

Irrecoverable, a. -stopatikana tena,
-storudt,

Irredeemable, a. -stokombolewa,
-storudtka.

Irreducible, a. -storudtka, -stopu-

Irregular, a. si sawa, -a kupotoka, -a
kuchafuka, -sto kawaida, si desturi,
st Taratibu, si adili, -baya.

Irregularity, n. kukosa taratibu, st
kawaida, ubaya.

Irrelevancy, n. kutofaa, upumbafu.

Irrelevant, a. -stopasa, -stofaa, -pu-
mbafu.

Irreligion, n. ukosefu wa dini, kuto-
mpenda Muungu.

Irreligious, a. -stoshtka dint, -sto-
penda Muungu, si -ta’wa. He is
irreligious, Auast Muungu, hashiki
dini.

Irremediable, a. -siofonyeka, -sto-
rudtka,

204

IRRUPTION

Irremovable, a. -stoondoleka, ima-
ra.

Irreparable, a. kama Irremedi-
able.

Irreprehensible, a. -siolaumika,
-sio na hattya, -ema.
Irrepressible, a. -szosuslika, -a

nguvu.

Irreproachable, a. kama Irrepre-
hensible.

Irresistible, a. -2 kushinda yote,
Aa nguvu myingi sana, -stowesa
kuzuiwa na mtu, -kubwa.

Irresolute, a. -a kusita, st thabiti.

Irresolution, n. kusita moyoni,
shaka, waswas, kutanga.

Irresolvable, a. -siogawanytkana,
-siokatika.

Irrespective (of), a. Pasipo kuanga-
lia, pasipo, isipokuwa, mbali [ya].

Irresponsible, a. -szokuwamo, -sio-
pastwa; (unreliable) si -aminifu.
He is irresponsible, siye chins ya
mtu (amri), hana mtu | kitu) juu
yake, hadiriki neno, yote juu yake
mwenyewe.

Irretrievable, a. -storudrka, -stopo-
nyeka.

Irreverence, n. kutomheshimu Mu-
ungu | watu), utharau, uftthuls.
Irreverent, a. -s:0 heshima, -sto

adabu, -tharaw.,

Irreversible, a. -stogeuka, -storudi-
ka, -stolanguka,

Irrevocable, a. kama Irreversible.

Irrigate, v. kufanyia Irrigation,
Surikisha.

Irrigation, n. (mifereji na mito ya
kuleta maji mashambani), kuleta
maji, milo, mafuriko.

Irritability, n. wepesi kwa hasira,
harara, chukichuki, utukutu.

Irritable, a. -eny: Irritability.

Irritant, n. na a. -a kuwasha, -a
kutia uchungu.

Irritate, v. kasirisha, washa, choko-
za, ghairi.

Irritation, n. moto, kuwasha, chuki,
uchungu.

Irruption, n. (of enemies) ushambu-
lio; (water) mafuriko; (sudden

Is

205

JAM

coming) majilio yaghdfala, kuingia | Itinerant, a. -a husungukasunguka,

kwa tadi | kwa nguvu).

Is, v. (7as. Am, Be), #2; (in comp.)
a-,-na-. He is good, ni mwema.
He is eating, anakula.

Islam, n. /slamu, dini ya Mukam-

madi.

Island, Isle, n. kisiwa (vi-|; (large)
siwa |ma-|.

Islander, n. mkaa kisiwani.

Islet, n. kistwa kidogo.

eee v. tenga, weka peke yake | yao
&c. |.

Isolation, n. kuweka peke yake | yao,
&c.|; (neut.) kukaa upweke, -
nga, upekee.

Isosceles, a. (7as. Triangle).

Isothermal, a. (lines) [-a kuonya
moto sawa |.

Issue, v. zoa, (neut.) Zoka, tokea;
(end) tska. Issue in, Za.

n. kutoa, kutoka, kitu kitoka-
cho, matokeo; (children) watoto;
(end) mwisho, kutakuwaje; (point)
Jambo lenyewe; (test, trial) jaribu,
shindano; (thing or amount issued)
[Asta kitokacho, jamii ya vitu
vitolewavyo pamoja|. Be at issue,
shindaniwa, si patana. Join issue,
shindana, gombana.

Isthmus,n. | ichi nyembamba ndefu
ya kupitia kati ya bahari, kifungo
cha inchi mbili kubwa), shingo,
simusi.

It, pron. Aig (huu, hiki, &c.], ile
(ele, kile, &c.); (in comp.) z- [s-,
ki-, &c.]. It is good, njema hiyo.
I love it, saspenda.

Italios, n. (par zenyi namna hii,a
bcadef

Itch, n. upele, pele.

—— v. waka, washa, nyea.

Itching, 0. mnyeo, nyegi ; (yearning)
uchu, shauku, Have an itching
for, tamani, chunuka na,

Item, n. kitu himoja.

adv. tena.

Iterate, v. (sema ao fanya marra
ya pili ao marra nyingi |= Repeat.

Iteration, n. [Ausema ao kufanya
tena ao marra nyingi|.

-a kutembeatembea, -tembert.

Itinerary, n. habart ya mambo ya
safari, tarthi.

Its, a. -ake.

Itself, pron. -exyewe; (in comp.) 7#-.
By itself, peke yake, nafsi yake,
-tupu, tu. Go by itself, jienda.

Ivory, n. pembe.

Ivory-black, a. rangi nyeusi.

Ivy, n. |gugu litambaalo juu ya kuta,
miamba, nyumba, 8c. |.

J.

Jabber, v. fayuka, sema upuzi,
piga domo.

—— n. maneno ya Ovyo, upuzi,
mapayo.

Jack, n. [jima=John]; (a sailor)
baharia; (for lifting) mtambo [wa
kuinulia mazito); (useful instru-
ment) Kia cha kazi singine-
singine|; (flag) bendera. Union
Jack, (bendera iliyo alama ya
Waingereza wote na serkali yao|.

Jackal, n. mbwa wa mwitu,mbweha.

Jackass, n. punda ndume; (fool)
mpumbafu, ng'ombe, ngamia.

Jack-boots, n. [viatu virefu hatta
Juu ya magoli |.

Jackdaw, n. (ndege mweusi kama
kunguru).

Jacket, n. (kisibau cha kisungu|;
(cover) kifuniko.

Jack-fruit, n. finessi [ma-]; (tree)
mjfinessi.

Jade, v. chosha, legeza, sumbua.

——n. ( (horse) frasi mbaya na ha-
fifu; (woman) mwanamke mbaya ;
(stone) jiwe suri gumu|.

Jag, n. pengo | kama la msumeno|.

—— v. fanya mapengo, chongoa.

Jaguar, n. chui |wa Amerika).

Jail, n. gereza, kifungo.

Jailer, n. bawabu wa kifungo,
msimawizi WA peresa.

Jam, n. maandasi | ya matunda na
sukalt|}; (a crash) msongano, ku-
kwama, ghasiya.

JAM

Jam, v. dana, kwamisha, shindilia;
(neut.) kwama, songana, sakama.

Jamb, n. (of door) mwimo [m#-].

Jangle, v. ia (kama kengele ztstzo-
pigwa visuri|; (quarrel) gomba-
na.

——n. mlio (Taz. Jangle, v.)

Janissary, n. (asikari wa Sultani
Rum zamani).

January, n. (mwezi wa kwanza wa
mwaka kizungu |.

Jar, v. faruza, kwaruza, tikisa, piga
kishindo; (not agree) gombana, si
-patana, -wa si -linganifu.

n. (water) mtungi | mi-), gudulia
[ma-], kasiki [ma]-, (large stone)
balasi| ma- |); (shock, graze) shindo,
kwaruso, paruzo; (discord) ugo-
mut, fitina, mateto.

Jargon, n. maneno yaliyochanga-
nyika | ya kishenzi, yaltyogoteka, -a
kugotagota|.

Jasmine, n. yasmint.

Jasper, n. (| jiwe zuri la rangt|.

Jaundice, n. (ugonjwa wa kutoka
rangi ya manjano mwilini |.

Jaunt, n. kwenda kushinda mahali,
matembezi.

Jaunty, a. -a kucheza, -a kupiga
fahari, kimalidadi.

Javelin, n. sagat, mkuki mdogo.
Jaw, Jaw-bone, n. Zaya (ma-),
utaya | taya). i
Jay, n. [dege kama kunguru mdogo,

lakini ya rangi nzuri |.

Jealous, a. -wivu, -a -hasidi. Be
jealous, -fanya kijicho, husudu,

Jealousy, n. wwivu, hasidi.

Jeer, v. cheka, thihaki, bisha.

—— n. thikaka, tukano | ma-)|,ubishi,

Jehovah, n. | Muungu kiyahudi).

Jejune, a. -chache, -tupu, baridi.

Jelly, n. [waandast kama halua).

Jeopardisze, v. Aatirisha, tia hata-
vint, Ponsa,

Jeopardy, n. Aatart, mashaka.

Jerk, v. fupa (rusha, piga, vuta|
ghdfala [kwa kishindo|.

——n. mtupo wa ghdfala, kishindo.

Jersey, n. (nguo kama kisibau kinene
cha kusaki, fullana nene).

206

JOCOSE

Jest, n. ubishi, mzaha, neno la kuche-
kesha, upuzi.

v. bisha, toa mzaha.

Jester, n. mcheshi, mtu wa kuche-
kesha.

Jesuit, n. (mfu wa chama ya Isa,
Jesuiti |).

Jesuitism,n. | mathehebu ya Jesuit).

Jesus, n. /sa | Masiya,bin Maryamu),

Yesu..

Jet, n. | jiwe jeusi |, tokeo la ghafala
(la maji, la moto), mruko, mshindo,

Jet-black, a. -eusz kabisa.

Jetty, n. (doma pwani litokezalo ba-
harini |).

Jew, n. Myahudi [Wa-).

Jewel, n. jokari, kilo (vi- |), jiwe la
tunu; (beloved) kipenzi.

Jeweller, n. (mwuza Jewels}.

Jewellery, n. | jami: ya Jewels, vi-
pambo vya Jewels).

Jewish, a. -a kiyahudi.

Jib, n. tanga la mbele (la mlingote
wa maji).

v. [frast] chesacheza, -enda
upande,

Jibe, n. ubishi, mzaha, neno la
kuchokoza.

——-Y. bisha, chokoza kwa maneno.

Jig, n. (mchezo wa ngoma|.

Jigger, n. (flea) tekenya (ma-|).

Jilt, v. vunja uchumba burre, lia
kishindo, tutua.

——n. Yr echotoe mvunja uchumba
burre|, mchokozi, mtutust.

Jingle, v. lia, liza (kama njuga ao
mapesa).

—— n. mlio (Tas. Jingle, v.).

Job, n. hast, | kasi moja fullant, kazi
ya mkato, ya makataa|; (stroke of
business) chumo, jambola biashara;
(unjust dealing) jambo la fayida
mbaya | nyonge, si nyofu, la ujanja).

Jobber, n. (mwenyi kununua na
kuuza tena apate fayida); (cheat)
mfayidia vibaya, mjanja, mkopi.

Jobbery, n. (kasi ya Jobber].

Jockey, n. mpanda frasi | katika
mashindano).

Jocose, Jocular, Jocund, a. -cheshi,
-a msaha, -a kucheka.

JOG

Jog, v. (knock against) gusa | piga)
kikumbo, gongana ma; (stir up)
amsha; (go slowly) -enda si mbio
(kidogo kidogo, kwa vishindo).

— n. mdukuo, mpigo wa kikumbo,
mwenao wa polepole.

Johanna (Island), n. Anzwani.

Join, v. unga, unganisha, fanya
-moja; (neut.) ungana, ungana na,
kutana, pakana, changanytha, jitta
katika, changamana na. Join
battle, Pigana. Join issue, she-
dana, tetana.

Joiner, n. seramala.

Joinery, n. kasi ya seramala,

Joining, n. muungo, mkutano.

Joint, n. kiungo, fundo [ma-), ki-
fundo [vt-]; (piece of meat) [4#-
pande kizima cha nyama). Be
out of joint, seguka, stushwa.

a. -a wengi pamoja, -a chango,
-a shirika, pamoja.

Jointly, adv. famoja, kwa shirika.

Joint-stock, n. mali ya chango, mali
ya shirika | ya bta). Joint-stock
Company, [watu wenyi Joint-
stock |.

Joist, n. boriti, mhimili (mi-).

Joke, n. ubishi, mzaha.

v. fanya ubishi, thihaki,

Joker, n. mcheshi, mfanya mzaha.

Jollity, n. furaha, ukunjufu, mi-
chezo.

Jolly, a. (festive) -a furaha, -a ku-
pendeza, -suri; (in good condition)
nene, -a hali nzuri.

Jolly-boat, n. mashua |ya meri-
kebu).

Jolt, v. Zikisa, sukasuka; (neut.)
tikistka, enda kwa vishindo.

—— n. msukosuko, kishindo.

Jostle, v. songana, sukumana, piga
kikumbo.

Jot, n. kipande kidogo, nukta.

J ovting, n. ukumbusho, taarifu

Journal, n. farihi, chuo cha mambo
ya killa siku, habari ya killa siku;
(in accounts) daftari,

Journalism, n. kufanya Journal,
kuandika habari.

207

JUGGLERY

Journalist, n. mfanya Journal,
mwandishi | wa- |, msimulizi.

Journey, n. safari, mwendo. Jour-
ney-money, masarufu.

v. safiri, funga safari.

Joust, n. (mchezo wa kushindana
wapanda frasi kama vitani).

Jovial, a. -a furaka, -a kucheka,
-kunjufu, -a kucheza.

Joy, n. furaha, shangwe.

Joyful, Joyous, a. -a furaha.

Jubilant, a. -a shangwe.

Jubilee, n. (siku kuu ya kukumbuka
mwaka wa hamsiné \,

Judaism, n. (dint na desturi ya ki-
yahude).

Judge, n. katht [ma-], mwamuzi
[wa-], kakimu; (critic) mwenyi
maarifa, mjuzi, [mwenyt kupa-
mbanua na kuchagua kwa akils).

v. hukumu, hukumia, amua;
(pass sentence) zoa hukumu, kata
maneno, fanya maamusi; (esti-
mate, distinguish) pambanua,
chagua kwa akili, fahamu, tambua;
(be of opinion) shanti, ona;
(criticize, examine) chungulia, taza-
mia, peleleza, enenza,

Judgement, n. kukumu, maamuzi,
neno la mwisho; (opinion) shauri,
nia; (wisdom) akili, busara, ujust ;
(providential punishment) athadu,
Muungu ; (taste) [akilt ya kuta-
mbua na kuchagua masuri|,

Judicature, n. samit ya makathi,
ukathi.

Judicial, a. -a kathi, kama kathi;
(fair) -fole, -a haki, sawa.

Judicious, a, -enyi akili, -a busara,
juzi. .

Jug, n. kopo [ma-], mdumu | mi-).

Juggle, v. fanya mizungu |mtujiza
ao michezo ya ajabu, ya kusha-
ngaza watu|, danganya, fanya
ujanja.

Juggler, n. (mfanya miujiza ya ku-
chekesha watu) kiinimacho; (im-
postor) mjanja, mwerevu, aya-
rt.

Jugglery, n. mtujiza, kiinimacho;
(imposture) werevu, ujanja,

JUGULAR

Jugular, a. -a koo, -a kooni.

Juice, n. maji ! ya mti, tunda, &c.|,
“utomvu; (ot grated cocoa-nut)
kastmele, (same with water) zai.

Juicy, a. -enyz Juice.

July, n. (mwezi wa saba wa mwaka
kizungu |.

Jumble, v. changanya, chafua, bo-
ruga.

n. fujo, machanganyiko. Speak
a jumble of languages, gvfagota,
goleza maneno.

Jump, v. ruka, chupa; (for joy)
randa, jitapa; (pass over) vuka
juu ya; (leave out) pita, acha.
Jump at (an offer, &c.), kwaa
| pokea| kwa furaha.

n. mruko, ruko (ma-), chupo.
Junction, n. mkulano, mwungano,
kiungo; (of roads) njia panda,
Juncture, n. jambo | kuu, lenyi ha-
tari, la hofu), wakati. At this
juncture, Palepale, ndipo, marra

n. (mwezi wa sila wa mwaka
kizungu |.

Jungle, n. kichaka, msilu, magugu.

Junior, a. -dogo |kwa umri, kwa
cheo), -a chini, -a nyuma.

Junk, n. (chombo cha kisina).

Jupiter, n. (Muungu mkuu wa Wa-
rumi zamani; (planet) sayari moja
iliyo kubwa, (Ar.) mshtarit}.

Jurisconsult, n. mwana sheria,
mdai, mwenyi kujua sheria.

Jurisdiction, n. hukumu, mamlaka.

Jurisprudence, n. maarifa ya she-
ria.

Jurist, n. = Jurisconsult.

Juror, n. [miu wa Jury).

Jury, n. daraza (la watu wateule
thenashara ao zayidi lenyt kusikia
maneno ya watu na ya kathi na
baadaye kutoa hukumu ya kukata
jambo lenyewe).

Juryman, n. mfu wa Jury.

Just, a. -a haki, sawa.

adv. (exactly) barabara, baraba,
sawasawa, halisi, vivi hivt; (only)
tu, shidda.

Justice, n. kaki, moyo sawa, usawa,

208

KEEP

unyofu ; (vengeance) kisasi; (judge)
kathi. Lord Chief Justice, katii
mkuu. Justice of the Peace, kati
mdogo, kathi wa mji [wa mtaa fu-
Ilani.

Justifiable, a. -a haki, -enyi sifa za
haki,

Justification, n. sababu, Roja, sa-
babu njema; (kupasha ao ku-
pata sifa za haki mbele ya Mu-
ungu), hesabu ya haki, kuwekwa

?.

Justify, v. thubutisha, patia sifa,
sifu; (acquit, declare guiltless)
hesabia haki, achilia, weka (mtu)
haki. He was justified in killing
him, alimua kwa haki (ilivyo haki).
Justify oneself (one's conduct),
Jiweka wema |haki).

Justness, n. kuwa haki, haki.

Jut (out), v. fokeza, fanya mdomo,
benuka.

Jute, n. kifani cha kihindi, kitani
cha gunia.

Juvenile, a. -a wafoto, -a kitoto.

Juxtaposition, n. hali ya kuwa ka-
ribu, kupakana, ujirani, ulinga-
nifu, mpambano.

K.

Kangaroo, n. (mnyama wa Aus-
tralia).

Keel, n. mkuku.

Keen, a. hodari, -epest, -a bidii;
(sharp) -enyi makali, -kalt, -a ku-
penya ndani.

Keep, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Kept) /inda,
tunza, weka, kalisha, shindtisha,
shika ; (continue) fulisa, kaa, sht-
nda, dumu; (of livestock) fuga,
lisha, chunga; (not spoil) sé osa, sz
haribika. It will keep, hazharsdt-
ki, ttakaa vema, haiosit. Keep a
holiday, fanya siku kuu. Keep at
home, #a’wa, kaa ndani. Keep
back, swia, nyima, ficha. Keep
company, suspumsana, fanyana
uchumba, Keep counsel, ficha
shauri, nyamaa. Keep down,

KEEP

zuia, tuliza, punguza. Keep
house, -wa na nyumba, pata nyu-
mba, oa. Keep in view, angalia,
kumbuka. Keep in with, patana
na. Keep off, kinga, epua, zuia;
(go away) ondoka. Keep on, fulzza,
shinda, endelea, shika. Keep one’s
bed, ugua, lala. Keep order,
lengenesa,simamia., Keepaschool,
Sanya darasa ya watoto, fundisha.
Keep a shop, -wa na duka, fanya
uchuruzi. Keep a drinking-shop,
weka pombe. Keep to, shika,
linda. Keep under, #iisha, onea,
zuta. Keep up, dumisha, ende-
-deza, fuliza, He keeps up,
hajambo, mzima, hashindwi.
Keep watch, ngoja kwa zamu,
kesha. Keep watch over, chu-
ngulia, peleleza.
Keep, n. riziki, chakula, malisho;
(stronghold) #gome, gereza.
Keeper, n. mlinzi, mchunga VT wa- |.
Keeping, n. funza, lindo, hamaya.
In keeping, sawa, -linganifu.
Keepseke, n. kikumbuko, tunu, za-
wadi.
Keg, n. kipipa |0:-|.
Kelp, n. majani ya pwani, mwani.
Kennel, n. fundu la mbwa; (pack
of hounds) (yyamti ya mbwa za ku-
winda).
Kept, p. t. za pf. t. ya Keep.
Kerchief, n. kifambaa, leso, anka-
chef.
Kernel, n. kisa cha koko, kisa (vi-],
kiini; (stone) kokwa, koko | ma- |).
Kettle, n. kanderinya, birika.
Kettle-drum, n. ngoma ya madini.
Key, n. ufunguo | funguo|; (expla-
nation) nahau, tafsiri, mafafa-
nusi; (in music) (jamii ya sauti
nane zenyi ulinganifu zenyewe kwa
zenyewe ; kipande cha kupigwa na
vidole katika kinanda); (important
post) mlango; (decisive point) meno
la nguvu, jambo kubwa, kitu cha
kushindia ; (in machinery) kipande
cha kukaza, kifungo.
Key-note, n. [sauts moja yenyi kuo-
nyesha Key katika kuimba |.

209

KITCHEN

Kick, n. Zeke [ma-|, ukwata.
v. piga teke; (resist) fanya
ukaidi, hafifu.
Kid, n. mwana mbuzi; (leather)
ngozi ya mwana mbuzi,
Kidnap, v. iba | watu).
Kidney, n. nso, figo | ma-), buki.
Kill, v. wa, fisha, chinja; (destroy,
“bring to an end) karibu, vunja,
komesha.
Kiln, n. (for lime) Zanuu; (for
pottery) soko, chocho.
Kilt, n. (kivazi cha Scotland, kama
shuka\, .
Kin, n. = Kindred, koo, &c.
Kind, n. namna, ginsi, aina, hali,
Zabia. Pay in kind, Zipa vitu
(se fetha). A kind of dog, kama
mbwa. A kind of a—, -nyanga-
lika. Of a (given) kind, £:i-. Of
the European kind, kizungu. All
kinds of, jamii ya, namna zole za.
a. (disposition), -ea, -pole,-enyt
huruma; (in act) -fathili, -karimu,
~paje.
Kindle, v. washa; (excite) amsha,
chochea.
Kindness, n. wema, upole ; (service)
fathili; (generosity) upaji; (sym-
pathy) kuruma, moyo, kele.
Kindred, n. ndugu, jamaa, utani,
ufungu, ukoo.
—— a. sawa, kama sawa, -a namna
moja, -a maana tle ile, ndugu.
Kine, n. ng'ombe | wengi|.
King, n. mfalme | wa-), jumbe | ma-),
sultant | ma- |.
Kingdom, n. ufalme, milki, inchi
[ya mfalme mmoja).
Kingfisher, n. mdiria (mi- |.
Kingly, a. -a kifaume, -a fahari
kuu, bora sana.
Kinsfolk, n. = Kindred.
Kinship, n. udugu, utani, ufungu,
ukoo.
Kinsman, n. mtani [wa-|, ndugu,
jamaa.
Kiss, n. na v. busu.
Kit, n. | jamii ya vyombo ao vifaa ya
asikari ao msafiri, Sc., masarifu |.
Kitchen, n. jikoni, mekont.

P

KITCHEN-GARDEN 210 LABORATORY
Kitchen-garden, n. shamba la| Knock ata door, bisha, piga hodi.
mboga. Knock up, chosha, shinda.

Kitchen-range, n. jiko la chuma,
Jiko la kizungu.

Kite, n. Ziara, shada; (whirring)
buratangi; (bird) mwewe,

Kitten, n. paka mtoto, mwana paka.

Knack, n. welekefu, uzoefu, wepesi.

Knapsack, n. mkoba | mi-, wa kuchu-
kua masarifu safarini), bahasha,
mfuko |(mi-).

Knave, n. mjanja, ayari.

Knavish, a. -a Knave.

Knead, v. kanda (unga, &c.}.

Knee, n. goti (ma- |,

Kneel, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Knelt) piga
magoti,

Knell, n. shindo la kengele (iktpt-
gwa moja moja kama kwa maziko |.
Death-knell, onyo la mautz.

Knelt, p. t. #a pf. t. ya Kneel.

Knew, p. t. ya Know.

Knickerbockers, n. soruali fupi,
sorualt za magoti.

Knife, n. (pl. Knives) kisu (vt-];
(large) jisu | ma-), jambia, shembea,
kotama. Pocket-knife, kisu cha
kukunja, kijembe. War to the
knife, vita ya kufawo kupona.

Knight, n. (mwenyi cheo cha kuttwa
Jina Sir); asikari mpanda frasi
[Aaswa wa kushindania mema tu),
mshujaa.

Knight-errant, n. [Knight mwenyi
kuzunguka mahali mahali, akifa-
nya kasi njema za huruma burre|).

Knighthood, n. cheo cha Knight.

Knightly, a. -a kumstahtli Knight,
-@ Knight, -a heshima, -a cheo bora,

Knit, v. (p. t. za pf. t, Knit, Knit-
ted) suka, sokota, fuma; (join
closely) unga, unganisha. Knit
the brow, kunjamana uso, kunja
vipaji.

Knitting,n. kasi ya kusokota, msokoto.

Knives, n. (pl. ya Knife).

Knob, n. nundu, kinundu, fundo.

Knobby, a. -a kinundu, -a kinundu-
nundu, -enyt mafundo.

Knob-kerry, n. rungu [ma-).

Knock, v. gonga, bisha, piga, gota. |

Knock, n. pigo (ma-], shindo | ma- |.

Knocker, n. (kipande cha kubishta
mlangoni).

Knock-kneed, a. Be knock-kneed,
-wa na vigosho.

Knoll, n. kilima, kisugulu (vi-).

Knot, n. fundo [ma-]; (in stalks, &c.)
pingili (ma-),kipingiti(vi- |; (difh-
culty) fumbo, matata; (group)
kundi, jamii; (tie) kifungo ;
(measure) [Mile moja na zaidi
kidogo|.

Knotty, a. -enyi mafundo; (diffi-
cult) -a@ matata, -gumu kujua,
(kuwa na hakika, kufahamu |.

Knout, n. mjeledi | mi-, wa ngozi na
chuma).

Know, v. (p.t. Knew, pf.t. Known)
jua, fahamu, tambua, pata hakika
ya. That's the Sultan, you know,
Sultani huyo ati.

Knowing, a. -evevu, -juvt, -janja.

Knowingness, n. “juvt, ujanja,
werevu. .

Knowledge, n. (learning) elimu,
hekima; (information, notice) maa-
rifa, habari, baina.

Knuckle, n. | kiungo cha mkono penyi
vidole) konde, konzi.” Rap with the
knuckles, figa konde.

— (down, or under), YV, jitoa,
shindwa.

Koran, n. Alkorani, msahafu wa
Waislamu, msahafu.

Kraal, n. mji (mi-, wa wafu weusi
pande za Kepi).

L.

Label, n. (kibarua cha kubandika,
kipande chenyi andiko), anwani.

— v. tia | fungia| Label.

Labial, a. -8 midomo, -a kufanyika
kwa midomo.

Laboratory, n. | nyumba ya kasi ya
Chemistry, chumba cha kufanyi-

“zia vitu kama dawa, baruti, ma-

rashi, &c. ).

LABORIOUS

Laborious, a. -a kazi, -a taabu, -a
kuchosha, -a juhudi, -a bidii,

Labour, n. kazi, taabu, utumwa ;
(exertion) juhudi, bidii; (affairs of
working class) mambo ya watu wa
kasi; (the werking classes) watu
wa kazt; (childbirth) fungu wa
kusaa. Bein labour, zaa. Labour
and capital, maskini na matajtre.

v. fanya kazi, toa bidii, jita-
hidi; (of ship) fuawa na mawimbi,
janya ramma. The labouring
classes, wafu wa kazi, maskini.

Laboured, a. -a juhudi, -a kufanyi-
wa kazi, -a shidda.

Labourer, n. kibarua lo), mtu wa
kazi, mtumwa al; (agricultural)
mkulima (wa-

Labyrinth, oe (mahali pa vipengee
vingi, pa kupotelea njia, penyi ma-
tata, mzingile mwambiji ; (puzzle)
matata mengi, matatanisho).

Labyrinthine, a. -2 Labyrinth.

Lac, n. /akki [elfu mia); kama Gum,

Lace, n. (ofshoe) kifani, kigwe, uka-

; (fabric) (nguo nyembamba ya
myuii silizosukwasukwa vizuri),
nguo ya kimia.

—— v. funga kwa Lace.

Lacerate, v. papura, papua, rarua.

Laceration, n. kupapura, mpapuro.

Lachrymose, a. -@ machozi, -a hu-
sunt,

Lack, n. ukosefu, upungufu, uhitaji,
shidda.

v. kosa, pungukiwa, hitaji, taka,
-W Si -E€NnJyi.

Lackadaisical, a. -a kujipurukusha,
hafifu, -pumboafu.

Lackey, n. mtumisht, mkimbiza pu-
nda.

Laconio, a, -a kukata maneno, -a
maneno machache na merevu.

Lacquer, n
angafu).

Lad, n. kijana [vi-, mwanamume),
mtwana, mtoto | wa-|.

Ladder, n. ngazi, madaraja ya ku-
pandia.

ade, v. (pf. t. Laden) pakia, lia
shehena, shehenesa, chukusa mzigo,

rangi ya kupaka | ngumu,

211

LAMENT

Laden, a. -enyi shehena, -enyi mizi-
£0, -liojaa, -enyi -ingi.

Lading, n. shehena, mizigo, ma-
pakizi. Bill of lading, cheti,
bili, hesabu, worotha. ;

Ladle, n. upawa | pawa).

—— (out), v. oa kwa upawa, pakua.

Lady, n. 5252 (mar), mwanamke 'wa
kiungwana; | jina la heshima kwa
mabibi wa cheo). Our Lady, [22-
kira Maryamu Mbarikiwa, mama
yake Isa Masiya). Lady of the
house (addressed as), mwana, bibi
mkubwa. The ladies (generally),
akina bibs,

Lady-chapel, n. (kikanisa kilichoti-
wa jina la Bikira Maryamu |.

Lady Day, n. [stku ya asharini na
tano ya. mwezi March|.

Ladylike, a. kama bibi, -a kiungwa-
na, wa adabu, -a dibaji,

Lady-love, n. mshumba | mwana-

mke \.

Ladyship, n. | sina la kumwambia
bibi wa cheo). Your Ladyship,
bibi wangu.

Lag, v. kawia; chelewa, vunja mive-
ndo, kaa nyuma, siri.

Laggard, n. mvivu, mzembe, mlegevu,
msiri.

Lagoon, n. wangwa [ny-].

Laid, p. t. za pf. t. ya Lay.

Lain, pf. t. ya Lie.

Lair, n. kundu, malalo( ya nyama ya
mwitu |.

Laity, n. (watu wote Wamasihiya
wasio mapadre |.

Lake, n. ziwa la maji [ma-]; (colour)
rangi nyekundu.

Lamb, n. mwana kondoo, kikondoo.

Lambent, a. -4 kumetameta, -a
kuteleza.

Lame, a. -a kuchechemea, chopi,
kiguu; (unsatisfactory) si -zuri,

-stofaa; (crippled by lameness)
kiwete. Be (walk) lame, chechea,
chechemea.

Lameness, n. mwendo wa chopt, Sc.

Lament, v. Ka, lilia, ombolesa, piga
maombolezo, kaa matanga.

—— n. vi/io, maombolezo.

LAMENTABLE 212

Lamentable, a. -a husunt, -a kusi-
kitisha, -a msiba.

Lamentation, n. 7/0, maombolezo.

Lamoo, n. Amu.

Lamp, n. /aa;
Sanusi.

Lampblack, n. masizi ya laa.

Lampoon, n. mashairi ya kusingizia.

Lamp-post, n. nguzo ya | kuchukua)
Zaa.

Lamp-stand, n. mwanga |mi- |, ki-
nara.

Lance,n. mkuki (mi- |), mfumo (mi-).

—v. choma kwa mkuki; (with
pai changa, kata, tumbua | jipu,
&c. |.

(lantern) kandili,

Lancer, n. asikari mwenyi frasi na
mkuki.

Lancet, n. kisu kidogo (cha mganga,
kikali sana|.

Land, n. incht, arthi; (estate) sha-
mba [ma-]; (shore) inchi kavu;
(soil) udongo. By land, By over-
land route, kwa njia ya inchi kavu.

a. -a inchi kavu.

v. shusha, (neut.) shuka pwani;
(cause to reach) fikisa, kefa.

Land-breesze, n. | “pepo utokao inchi
kavu).

Landed, a. -enyi shamba. Landed
property, shamba, mashamba.

Landholder, n. mwenyi shamba.

Landing, n. kushuka pwani.

Landing-place, Landing, n. diko
[ma-], Jiko [ma-], pa kushukia.

Landlady, n. mwenyeji wa nyumba
mwanamke).

Landlocked, a. -liozungukwa na
inchi,

Landlord, n. mwenyeji, MwEenyi
kupangisha |shamba ao nyumba,
mwanaume |.

Landmark, n. (kitu cha kuonya
mahali ao kuongoza njiani, alama
ya njia), mpaka, alama ya mpaka.

Landscape, n. sura ya inchi, sanamu
ya inchi.

Landslip, n. matelezt ya znchi,
maboromoko (maanguko) ya inchi.

Landsman,n. st baharia, mkaa inchi
kavu.

LARGE

Land-tax, n. kodi ya shamba, [ya
uwanja wa kujengea, &c. |.

Landward, adv. wani, upande wa
pwani.

Lane, n. njia ndogo, mchochoro (mi- |.

Language, n. /ugha§ maneno. The
language of Zanzibar, kiunguja.
Bad language, matukano, matust.

Languid, a, (of disposition) -/epetevre,
-legevu ;(from fatigue, weary )-chove.
Be (become) languid, zyong’onyea.

Languish, v. fifa, funguka, thoofika,
taka kufa.

Languor, n. utepetefu, ulegevu.

Lank, a. -embamba, -gofu.

Lankness, n. wembamba, ugofu.

Lantern, n. fanusi, kandili.

Lap, n. paja, pajani; (in racing)
fungu, sehemu. Take in the lap,
pakata, tia pajani.

—~—v.lamba; (in fold) funga, kunja,
funika. Lap over, pita, pitana,
Lapidary, n. | fundi wa kukata na
kukatua mawe na kuchora masuri,

fundi wa vito).

Lappet, n. ktshungi |vi-|.

Lapse, v. fotoka, rudia thambi;
(fail, pass away) punguka, tanguka,

pita, potea, -fa.

— n. kupila; (moral) kurudia
thambi, kosa. By lapse of time,
kwa siku kuwa nyingi.

Larboard, n. upande wa shoto [wa
merikebuni |.

Larceny, n. 2222.

Larch, n. (mli kama mvinje |.

Lard, n. ufo wa nyama, mafuta ya
nyama.

Larder, n. ghala | ya kuwekea vya-
kula, nyama, &c.).

Large, a. (in size, importance)
-kubwa, -kuu; (in quantity) -énge ;
(thick) -nene; (long) -refu; (broad)
pana; (well-grown) -4usa; (liberal,
comprehensive) -ema, -a huruma,
-a kukumbuka mengi, -a kusha-
rikisha watu, -karimu, Of large
heart, -ema, -enyihuruma,-karimu.
Of large views, -eny: akili njema,
hodari, just. At large, Awa ma-
neno mengi, vikubwa; Set at large,

LARGE-HEARTED

Sungua, fungulia,acha, Beatlarge,
funguliwa, tembea po pote, -wa
huru, -enyi nafasi, Bea gentleman
at large, szkalia, -wa mngwanda.
People at large, wafu wengi.

Large-hearted; a.-enyt moyo mwema
(wa upole, ukarimu, 8c. ).

Largeness, n. ukubwa, Sc. (Taz.
Large).

Largess,n. bakshisht, takarimu, pesa.

Lark, n. (ndege ndogo arukaye juu

juu akiimba sana).

Larva, n. (mdudu kama funza, bus);
(of bee) jana | ma-|).

Larynx, n. hoo, shingo.

Lascar, n. |bakaria wa kihindi).

Lascivious, a. -fsadt, -potofu, -enys
ng oa, -baya, -zinifu, -shaufu.

Tasciviousness, n. kuwa Lascivi-
ous, miatongozs, uzinifu.

Lash, n. figo [ma-]; (of whip)
kamba ya mjeledi.

Lashing, n. pigo, kupiga; (cord)
kamba ya kufungia.

Laas, n. kijana mwanamke, kitwana,
kijakazi.

Lassitude, n. uchovu, ulegevu, ku-
choka.

Lasso, n. (Zanzi la kukamatia nyama
kwa kuwafungasia pembeni, shi-
ngoni, Sic.|.

Last, v. endelea, ishi, dumu, kaa.
It lasts, yakaa, haiozi, hatchakas,
ina ausht.

n. [chuma kama fuawe ya
kufanyisia viatu).

—— a, -a mwisho -a kwisha | kwa
kwenda juu, chini, mbali, &c.);
(nearest) -a karibu, huyu (Ati, hiki,
&c.]. A last farewell, kwaga bu-
viant. Atlast, mwtsho,kwa shidda,
kwa kuchelewa ; (of surprise) kwa
ajabu, kumbe. Last night, usiku
wa leo, usiku huu uliopita. Last
time, marra hiyo. At the last,
mwisho, hatima, To the last,
hatta mwisho. Breathe his last,
kata roho, fariki, -fa. The last
man to steal, st mtu wa kuiba
hatta kidogo, wizi mbali, haibi
kamwe. Last week, juma hii iliyo-

213

LATTERLY

pita. Last year, mwaka wa jana.
Of the last importance, -a maana
sana, -a@ thamani nyingi, -kubwa
mno.

Lasting, a. -a ausht, “enyi kudumu
(Taz. Last, v.).

Lastly, adv. mwisho, hatima.

Latch, n. kia, komeo, kikomeo.

—— v. funga kwa komeo | kwa kia),

Late, a. (near the end, last) -a
nyuma, -a mwisho; (just past,
recent) -a@ mbele, -a karibu na
mwisho, -pya; (in past time) -/zo-
pita, -liokwisha, -liotoka kuwa;
(deceased ) marehemu ; (in the day)
-a jioni, -a usiku. Be late, kawia,
chelewa, ja nyuma, ja kinyume,
kosa saa (wakati). Of late (lately),
siku hizi, karibu, juzi, juzijuzi,
St zamani, sasa hivi. It is getting
late, usiku ukuu.

Lateen (sail), n. (Tanga kama la
chombo).

Lately, adv. 41:03 karibu, juzijuzi,

Latenesa, n. kuja nyuma, kuchelewa,
kukosa saa.

Latent, a. -4 siri, -a ndani, -sioone-
kana, -a kustirika.

Lateral, a. -a upande, -a kwenda
upande, -a mbavuni, -a kando.

Latest, a. mwisho, -a karibu, -a sasa
hivi. ‘The latest fashion, mtindo
wa kisasa.

Lath, n. uwasa, wasa (nyasa |.

Lathe, n. kerezo, kwerezo.

Lather, n. pofu; (sweat) jasho,

Latin, a. -a kirumi, -rumi.

Latitude, n. (space, liberty, choice)
nafasi, ruhusa, kuachiwa, ihtiari ;
(in geogr.) (urefu wa kwenda toka
Equator haita mahali fullani ka-
skazini ao kusini).

Latitudinarian, a. [-exyz mawazo
yake na mashauri yake, st ya ku-
fuata wangineo, si ya kiasi ao
kawaida; (in religion) sz -a@ ku-
shika imani Katoltko halisi |.

Latrine, n. choo.

Latter, a. -a pili, -a nyuma, -lt0-

fuata.
Latterly, adv. baadaye, siku hizi.

LATTIOE

Lattice, n. | fifo ao vibau vya kukt-
ngamana, kimia, kama wavu wa
mli ao chuma, kazi ya kimia).

Laud, v. sifu, himidi,

Laudable, a. -a kusifiwa, -a kusta-
hilt sifa.

Laudanum, n. afyuni, kasumba.

Laudatory, a. -a kusifu, -a kuloa
sifa,

Lauds, n. sala za alfajiri.

Laugh, n. cheko [ma-), kicheko [vs-).

v. cheka ; (be mirthful) chekelea,
cheza, furahi, Laugh at, cheka,
thihakt, thardu, tweza.

Laughable, a. -a kuchekwa, -a kuche-
kesha, -cheshichesht.

Laughing-stock, n. mfu wa kuche-
kwa (wa kuththakiwa), thihaka,
twezo; (dupe) darathuls.

Laughter, n. cheko, macheko.

Launch, v. (throw) piga, tupa; (set
afloat) shusha, shua baharini;
(make begin) foa, anzisha; (make
a beginning) jitoa, ingia.

m— n. kushua (merikebu mpya);
(mashua kubwa ya merikebu, ma-
shua ya moshi).

Laundress, n. dobi | mwanamke |).

Laundry, n. kiwanja cha dobi, pa
kufulia nguo, josho.

Laureate, a. Poet-laureate, | jina
la heshima) mtunga mashairi wa
mfalme.

Laurel, n. (mti wa Ulaya, na majani
yake). Laurels, heshima, fahari.
Lava, n. (mawe yatokayo kwa mlima
wa moto, mawe yaliyoyeyuka |.
Lavatory, n. josho, chumba cha ku-

nawa.

Lave, v. oska; (touch, reach) fikia.

Lavender, n. (maua ya kunukia
sana, na rangi yake |.

Laver, n. birika.

Lavish, v. toa -ingi mno, toa kwa
ukarimu, potesa | malt).

2. -1Ngt mno, -enyi upotevu wa
malt, -paji mno.

Law, n. sheria, hukumu, amri;
(custom, rule) desturi, kawaida,
kanuni; (Jewish) toratt ; (natural)

214

LAY

katiba, maumbile; (necessary pro-
cess) /azima, sharti. Go to law,
lela, shtakt, enda sheriani, enda
kwa kathi, enda korti. Reign of
law, yote kwa desturi na taratibu.

Law-abiding, a. -/i: sheria, -sikifu
wa sherta.

Law-court, n. kwa kathi, korti, ba-
yaza ya kathi.

Lawful, a. halali, -ema, -a haki.

Lawgiver, n. mtoa sheria.

Lawless, a. -fotofu, -thalimu, -a
Jeuri, -baya.

Lawn, n. bustani | ya majani mazuri
meroro; (linen) bafla nzuri nye-
mbamba,

Lawsuit, n. uda wa, da’wa, maneno
[mbele ya kath |, mashtaka.

Lawyer, n. mwana sheria, mwals-
mu wa sheria, mdai, mwombezi,
mnenezi.

Lax, a. (slack, mild) -/egevu, -pole ;
(lawless) -fotofu, -baya; (feeble)
St -a nguvu, thatfu.

Laxative, a. -a kuharisha, -a kule-
gerd.

Laxness, Laxity, n. wlegevu, uthat-
Ju, upotofu.

Lay, v. (p. t. sa pf. t. Laid) weka,
tia, lasa; (spread) tanda; (cause
to be still) #w/isa; (eggs) faga;
(a wager) pinga, weka (sharti); (a
table, food) andika. Lay about,
piga pande zole. Lay by (up, in),
weka akiba, weka. Lay down, toa,
acha; (assert with authority) fu-
ndisha, amuru, toa, Lay hands
on, Lay hold of, kamata, shika,
pelekea mikono. Lay heads to-
gether, fanya shauri pamoja. Lay
on, piga piga ; (apply) paka, bandi-
ka. Lay (a charge) against, Lay
to (one's charge), pakiza, pakilia,
wekea, tilia. Lay open, funua,
eleza; (by cutting) fumbua. Lay
out, sengeneza; (spend) toa gha-
rana,tumia, Lay siege to, sungu-
shia mji jeshi vitani, fanyia ma-
singiwa. Lay wait for, ofea. Lay
waste, karibu, teka, kumba.

utaratibu wa ulimwengu, tabia,| -——n. wimbo, utenzi. Lay (lie) of

LAY

the land, swra ya inchi, hali ya
mambo,

Lay, a. [-a mtu Mmasihiya asiye
padre); (unprofessional) -jinga, si
-a mwalimu.

p.t. ya Lie.

Layer, n. safu, daraja, kunjo(ma-],
tabaka. In layers, kwa kupangana
juu kwa juu, kwa kupangilika,
kwa kutabikiana, maalikano.

Layman,n.( Mmasihiya asiyepadre|).

Lazaretto, Lazar-house, n. nyumba
ya wenyi ukoma.

Lasiness, n. uvivu, uzembe, ulegevu.

Lazy, a. -vivu, -zembe, -legevu.

Lea, n. shamba la majani, konde
[ma-].

Lead, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Led) ongoza,
peleka, fikisha; (induce) ongoza,
vula; (precede) tangulia; (direct,
superintend ) sawala, simamia, -wa
na ukuu; (proceed) enda | katika);
(begin) ansa (mchezo); (in music)
toa kongwe, imbisha, Lead a life,
enenda, ishi, fanya. It leads to,
tnalekea, mwisho wake ni; (of road)
yaenda (makali). Lead astray,
poteza, kosesha.

n. kuongoza, welekezo, &c.;

(direction) ukuu, uwezo, amri;

(precedence) kutangulia, kucheza

kwanza; (amount of lead) kadiri

ya kutangulia; (in singing) kongwe.

Take the lead, Zangulia, Givea

lead (in singing), toa kongwe, bwa-

ga). a

n. /isast; (for sounding) dz/a:.
Lead-pencil, kalamu [istyo wino,
ya mate), pensil.

Leader, n. kiongozi | vi-), mkuugenzi,
mkuu, wa kwanza, mtangulizi,
msimamizi,

Leading, n. maongozi, usimamizi, |

ukuu. Be in leading-strings, -wa
mjinga, -wa kama mtoto.
——.a.-kubwa,-a kwanza, -tangulizi.
Leaf, n. (pl. Leaves) jani [ma-] ;
(of a book) ukarasa [karasa]; (of
cocoa-nut) £utz [wa-]; (of banana)
gomba [ma-|; (thin piece) | kifu
chembamba kipana), bamba,

215

LEARNING

Leafless, a. pastpo majani, -tupu.
Leaflet, n. att ndogo, jusuu.
Leafy, a. -enyi [-a] majani mengi.
League, n. mapatano, shartt, usha-
rika,chama; (measure) | kipimo cha
urefu, kama Miles tatu). Be in
league, -washayri moja sharikiana.

v. patanisha, unganisha.

Leak, v. wuja. Leak out, Zoka, fu-
mbulika |siri). Spring a leak,
anza kuvuja, fumuka.

——n. kuvuja, mvujo; (hole) ufa
[my-], tundu; (escape of water)
maji yakivuja.

Leakage, n. kuvuja. |

Leaky, a. -enyi kuvuja; (of boat,
Bic.) -bovu.

Lean, a. -a kukonda, -embamba,
gofu, sé -enyt shahamu, st mafuta ;
(scanty) -chache, haba. Become
lean, konda.

v. nama, -enda upande; (cause

to rest) ‘egemeza, Leanon, against,

egemea, tegemea, jeegama na | kati-
ka\,gandamia. Lean to, towards,
lekea, taka zayidi, inamia.

n. (of meat) mnofu.

Leaning, n. kuinama, matnamtist
&c. (Zaz. Lean); (inclination)
kuelekea, maelekeo, kutaka, kuka-
bili.

Leanness, n. kukonda, wembamba.

Lean-to, n. kipenu |vt-|.

Leap, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Leapt,
Leaped) ruka, chupa, jttapa.

—— n. mruko, ruko | ma- |), chupo.

Leapfrog, n. (mchezo wa kuruka-
ruka |.

Leap-year, n. (mwaka wa kuzidi
siku mmoja, killa mwaka wa 'nne).

Learn, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Learnt,
Learned) jifunza, fundishwa,
soca; (be intormed) arifiwa, pata
habari, ambiwa.

Learned, a. -enyt elimu, -just. A
learned man, mwalimu, hakimu,
mtaalamu {wae |.

Learner, n. mwanafunzi | wa-|.

Learning, n. elimu, hekima, maa-
rifa. A man of leaming, mwana
wa chuoni, mwalimu, mtaalamu.

LEARNT

Learnt, p. t. za pf. t. ya Learn.

Lease, n. sharti ya kupangisha
(nyumba, duka, shamba |, mkataba
wa kukodisha, hati ya kuajirisha.
Let on lease, pangisha, kodisha,
ajtrisha. ‘Take on lease, panga,
ajiri.

—— v. (hire) panga, ajiri; (let)
pangisha, ajirisha.

Leasehold, a. -a kupanga,
kuajiri.

Leash, n. tanzi [la kuzuia mbwa za
kuwinda), kamba.

Least, a. na adv. -dogo kuliko yote,
-lio -dogo, -dogo sana, Least. in
the least, kidogo tu, hatta kidogo.
At least, /akini, bassi, wayo yote,
kwa vyovyote; (guite certainly)
pasipo shaka, haikosi.

Leather, n. ngozi | iliyotengenezwa,
st mbichi).

Leathern, Leathery, a. -2 ngozi,
kama ngozi.

Leave, n. ruksa, ruhusa. By your
leave, kunratht,simillah, jihathari,
pole. Take leave, aga; (presume)
thubutu.

v.(p.t. na pf. t. Left) acha, achia;
(depart) Zoka, ondoka ; (bequeath)
vithisha; (as remainder) saza, ba-
kiza. Leave off, acha, isha, koma.
Leave out, pitia, ruka, si lia. Be
left, achwa, baki, salia. There is
some left, shinda liko bado.

Leaven, n. chachu; (principles)
mafundisho, mathehebu, elimu.

v. chacha; (affect) geuza,
changanyika na; (spoil) Karibu,
ghoshi.

Leaves, pl. ya Leaf.

Leavings, n. mabaki, masalio, ma-
sazo, makombo.

Lectern, n. [mesa ya kusomea kani-
sant).

Lection, n. somo [ma-}.
Lectionary, n. [ uéaratibu ao kawat-
da ya kusoma Bible kanisani |.

Lecture, n. mafundisho, hotuba.

Lecturer, n. mwalimu, mkufunzi,
mtoa hotuba.

Lectureship, n. kazi ya Lecturer.

-a

216

LEGIBILITY

Led, p. t. na pf. t. ya Lead.

Ledge, n. ushi [my-], mdomo [ms-],
ukingo | ki: eo (shelf) ubau, kibau.
A ledge of rock, mwamba (mit-).

Ledger, n. daftari kubwa.

Lee, Leeward, Lee-shore, Lee-
side, n. upande wa chini [ustolekea
pepo), upande wa demani.

Leech, n. (mdudu afyonsaye damu |,
mruba [mt-]; (doctor) tabibu.

Leek, n. kitunguu kidogo.

Leer, v. /asama kitongotongo.

n. jicho upande, kijicho.

Lees, n. (of wine) sira, masira,
kishinda.

Leeward, adv. (7as. Lee), kwa
demani.

Leeway, n. (mwendo wa chombo
kikichukuliwa Leeward |.

Left, p. t. na pf. t. ya Leave.

——, Left-hand, n. 2a a. -a kushoto,
-a kuke, upande wa kushoto,

Left-handedness, n. shoto,

Leg, n. mguu (mi-|; (of a bed)
tendegu|ma-]. Be on his legs, sz-
mama tlli kutoa maneno; (recover
oneself) okoka, -wa -sima.

Legacy, n. uriths; (religious) wakifu.
Leave a legacy to, rsthisha, achia ;
(for religious purposes) wakifia.

Legacy-hunter, n. [msipendehkeza
kwa ajili ya kupata urithi |.

Legal, a. halali, sahihi, -a haki, -a
sheria, Make (declare) legal,
halalisha.

Legality, n. uhalali, usahihi, haki.

Legalise, v. halalisha, sahihisha.

Legate, n. mjumbe | wa- |), barosi.

Legation, n. ujumbe, ubarost.

Legend, n. kadithi | isiyo na hakika),
ngano, hikaya, kisa cha uwongo;
(inscription) mwandiko, tarthz.

Legendary, a. -a Atkaya, hadith,
st -enyt hakika.

Legerdemain, n. miujiza, misungu,
kiinimacho.

Legging, n. (funiko la mguu kwa
goli na chini, la kipingili cha
mguu).

Legibility, n. kusomeka, uzuri | wa
kuandika), ufasihi.

LEGIBLE

Legible, a. -a kusomeka, thahtrt,
zuri.

Legion, n. jeshi la asikari | kirumi);
(abundance) wingi.

Legionary, n. (mfu wa Legion,
asikari wa kirum: |.

Legislate, v. fanya sheria, toa sheria.

Legislation, n. kufanya sheria.

Legislative, a. -a kufanya sheria,

Legislator, n. mfanya sheria.

Legislature, n. (jami: ya watu
wenyi kufanya sheria), serkali.

Legitimacy, n. uhalalt, usahihi,
hake.

Legitimate, a. halali,sahthi, -a haki.

Leguminous, a. -enyt kunde, kama
kunde.

Leisure, n. faragha, nafasi, wakati.

Leisurely, adv. Zaratibu, pole pole.

Lemon, n. #mau (ma-).

Lemonade, n. maji ya ndimu.

Lemur, n. komba wa Bukini.

Lend, v. (p. t. ma pf. t. Lent)
azima, kopesha, karitht; (supply)
toa, -pa. Lend a hand, sayidia.
Lend an ear, sikiliza.

Lender, n. mkopeshaji ; (of money)
mla riba.

Length, n. urefu, kadiri ya urefu.
At length, mwisho, baadaye; (fully)
kwa wingi, kwa maneno mengi.
Measure one's length on the ground,
anguka fulifuli. At full length,
-ole pia, kamili, Go to great
lengths, jastria, jaribia yote; (use
efforts) fanya wingi, jitahidi.
Keep at arm's length, sukumia
mbali, kataa urafiki, tenga.

Lengthen, v. nyosha, ongezea urefu,
fanya -refu, eneza.

Lengthwise, adv. kwa urefu.

Lengthy, a. -refu, -refu mno, -a
kuchosha.

Leniency, n. upole, huruma.

Lenient, a. -pole, -a huruma, si -kali.

Lenity, n.— Leniency.

Lens, n. £100 [cha kuwashia moto,
cha durabini, &c.),.

Lent, n. | siku arobaini za kufunga
kimasihiya, Karesima).

— p. t. na pf. t. ya Lend.

217

LETTER

Lenten, a. -2 Lent, n.

Lentil, n. unde.

Leonine, a. kama simba.

Leopard, n. chui,

Leper, n. mwenyi ukoma.

Leprosy, n. ukoma, balanga, jetha-
mu, matana.

Leprous, a. -enyt ukoma, -a ukoma.

Lesion, n. donda, jeraha |ma-). .

Less, a. na adv. dunt, -dogo zayidi,
-dogo, kidogo, kinge. Lessthan,du-
ni ya, -dogo kuliko. Less by, kassa.
-less, (in comp.) Pasipo, st -enyi,

Lessee, n. mwenyi kupanga| kuajiri |.

Lessen, v. punguza, fanya -dogo;
(neut.) zunguka.

Lesser, a. -dogo zayidi, -ito -dogo.

Lesson, n. somo, fundisho |ma-]};
(reproof) maonyo, shutumu, lau-
mu; (portion of Bible) [sehemu ya
Bible ya kusomeka makanisani,
sura|.

Lest, conj. zszwe, -sz- (with subj.),
kwa hofu -si-, kwa maana -st-,
alli -si-. Lest he die, aszfe.

Let, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Let) acha, ru-
husu, toa ruhusa; (for hire) pa-
ngisha, ajirisha, kodisha, Let me
die (imperat.), #z/e. Let him be
beaten (imperat.), apigwe. Let be,
Let alone, acha. Let blood, toza
damu. Let down, énamisha, shu-
sha, tua. Let drive, Let fly, piga
kwa nguvu. Let fall, angusha;
(a remark) mena. He let it fall,
tlimponyoka. Let in, fungulia
mlango, karibisha, ingiza. Let go
(loose), fungulia, acha, puliza.
Let off (trap, &c.), fegua, piga.
Let out, fungulia, funua, feleti, .
toa nje; (expand) panua, eneza,
kunjua, legeza ; (on hire) pangtsha.
(House) to let, (nyumba) -a ku-
panga. Let alone (not to mention,
not only), /icha ya.

n. £izuio.

Lethargic, a. -enyz Lethargy, -ze-
mbe.

Lethargy, n. usingizi mistlo, kuzi-
mia, uztto.

Letter,n. waraka (ny-), barua, hati;

LETTERED

(of alphabet) #arufu; (written
words) maneno yenyewe, maneno
halisi. 1 acted according to the
spirit rather than the letter "of his
instructions, nalifanya aliovyotaka
st alivyoandika, nalifikiliza shauri
lake kuliko maneno yake. To the
letter, kabisa, halisi, pia. Letters,
elimu, maarifa, vitabu, vyuo. A
man of letters, mwana vyuoni,
mtaalamu | wa-|.

Lettered, a. -enyi elimu, -enyi ma-
fest mazuri, -laalamu.

Letter-press, n. maneno yaliyopigwa
chapa, maandiko, maneno.

Letter-weight, n. kinyikizo.

Lettuce, n. (mboga ya kizungu|.

Levant, n. (inchi za mashariki za
Mediterranean Sea |.

Levee, n. baraza. Hold a levee,
barizi.

Level, a. sawa | kama bahari, kama
juu ya maji |, sawa sawa, pana.
v. sawazisha, fanya sawa;
(knock down) angusha, bomoa;

(aim) Zekesa.

-—— n. (position) halt [ya juu, ya
chini), cheo, daraja Wa Lkipa-
nde chaku pimia usawa). Ona
level, sawa. On different levels,
moja chini moja juu, mbalimbali.

Leveller, n. mharibifu, mpotevu.

Lever,n. (of iron) mlaimbo (mi-);
(of wood) mti [mz-].

Leverage, n. (nguvu ao matumizi
ya mtaimbo ao nyenzo|.

Leveret, n. kisungura, mtoto wa
sungura.

Leviathan, n. (mnyama mkubwa
wa maji), mamba ; (kitu cho chote
kikubwa mno).

Levite, n. Mlawi | Wa-).

Levitical, a. -a Walawi, -a kilawi.

Leviticus, n. (A:tabu cha tatu cha
Musa katika Bible].

Levity, n. purukushani, uhafifu,
kuchezacheza, roho hafifu.

Levy, n. mchango, chango (la asi-
kari, kodi, &c.|; (muster) kundi
la asikari.

—— v. changa, tora.

218

LIBIDINOUS

Lewd, a. -fisadi, -asherati, -zinifu.
Lexicographer, n. (mbuni kamusi |.
Lexicon, n. kamusz.

Liability, n. supasiwa, kuwiwa ;
(tendency) kuelekea; (debt) dent.
Liable, a, -enyi hupastwa, -a kupa-
swa, -enyt kustahilt (kupatwa,
kushikwa. kulekea); (of debts)

-enyt kuwiwa.

Liar, n. mwongo [wa-], msandiki,
mnafiki.

Libation, n. sadaka | ya kumimina|.

Libel, n. katt ya masingizio, ma-
singizio, mashtaka ya burre [ya
uwongo |.

—— v, singizia vibaya [burre}.

Libeller, n. wfoa Libel.

Libellous, a. -a kusingizia.

Liberal, a.(generous) -karimu, -pajt,
ema; (abundant) sugi, -tele, “he.
bwa ; (in ideas) -enyi ufu mwema,
Sathilé, -a nia bora, bora; (in
politics) [-@ kufuata vijana kuliko
wazee|. <A liberal education, ma-
lest ya kiungwana, malezi bora.
Liberal ideas (moyo wa kuku-
mbuka vingi na kufalia wengt |; (in
politics) moyo wa kufuata Liberal
Party. Liberal Party, n. (wasushi
wa sheria, watakao kugeuza na
kutengeneza sheria nyingi), mahi-
rimu, vijana | kuliko wazee|.

Liberalism, n. zia na mashauri ya
Liberal Party.

Liberality, n. ukarimu, upaji, we-
ma, ufathili, nia bora za kufalia
wengi.

Liberalize, v, angaza, ongoza, tenge-
neza,

Liberate, v. fungua, achilia, toa
ulumwmant, toa nje.

Liberator, n. mwenyi kuweka huru,
mwokozi, mkombozi.

Libertine, n. mfisadi, mwasherati,
mzinifu (wa- |.

Libertinism, n. ufisadi, &c.

Liberty, n. whuru, ungwana; (per-
mission, choice) ruhusa, nafasi,
thitart, kuachiwa, hutosuiwa, ku-
funguliwa,

Libidinous, a. «= Lewd.

LIBRARIAN

Librarian, n. miinst wa vitabu,
msimamizi wa Library.

Library, n. (books) jamii ya vitabu;
(room) nyumba ya kuwekea vitabu,
chumba cha kusomea.

Lice, pl. yz Louse.

Licence, n. (written) cheti, hats;
(outrage) jeuri, upotofu; (permis-
sion) ruhusa,

Licentious, a. -asherat:, SC.

Licentiousness, n. washkerati, ufi-
sadi, uzinifu.

Lichen, n. (tama pofu ao kutu juu
ya miti na miamba).

Lick, v. ramba.

Lid, n. kifuniko, kipande cha juu;
(of box) «bau wa juu ; (of earthen-
ware pot, &c.) mkungu [mi-, wa

— kufunikia), kibia |vi-).

Lie, n. uwongo, wongo. Give the lie

to, kanya, kanisha, onya uwongo, |

shtakia uwongo.

Singtista.

v. oa uwongo, sema Uwongo.

v. (p. t. Lay, pf. t. Lain) /ala,
Jinyosha; (be placed, rest) kaa,
-wako, wekwa. Lie on, with, at
the door of, -wa juu ya. As far
as in me lies, kadiri niwezavyo.
Lie over, kaa, baki, wekwa. Lie
hard, heavy on, /emea. Lie in wait
for, ofea, vizia, donea, Lie across
each other, pandana, kingamana.
Lie at the mercy of, Lie under, -wa
chins ya.

Liege, a. na n. -enyi amri, bwana.

Lieu, n. In lieu of, makali pa,
badala ya.

Lieutenant, n. akida mdogo; (re-
presentative) wakili [ma-].

Life, n. (pl. Lives) uzima, uhayi,
maisha; (existence) kuwa na uzt-
ma, kuishi, kuwa, kuwako; (vital

- force) roho, damu; (person) mtu
mzima ; (living creatures) vtumbe;
(vigour) nguvu, bidii, wepesi; (way
of living) maisha, mwendo, mwe-
nendo ; (human affairs) ulimwengu,
mambo; (history) kabari ya mai-
sha,habari, hadithi,kisa; (darling)

Tell a lie about,

kipenzi. To the life, As large as.

219

LIGHT

life, sawa sawa, kama -livyo halisi.
Seek the life of, zaka kuua. Have
the life of, wa. Life-blood, roho,
damu. Life-interest, Life-annuity,
[ fayida ya kitambo, ya muda wa
massha).

Life-boat, n. (mashua ya salamu, ili-
yotengenezwa makusudi kuponya
watu hatarini, hatwest kuzama
kabisa).

Life-guard, n.asikari[wakumngojea
mfalme mwenyewe),.

Lifeless, a. -/u. -enyi kuzimia;
(feeble, dull) pasipo nguvu, -legevu,
baridi.

Lifelike, a. kama kitu chenyewe,
sawa sawa, kama -livyo halisi.

Lifelong, a. -a maisha pia, mpaka
kufa.

Lift, v. inya, pandisha, pasa, paliza,

kweka, nyanyua, kweza; (improve)

ongoza, tengeneza, tukusa; (rise)

panda, inuka. j

n. msaada ; (hoisting machine)
(mtambo wa kupandishia vitu na
watu kwa orofa za juu nyumbani),
mduara.

Ligament, n. mshipa | mi-), kamba,

Ligature, n. 422, kamba, kitambaa.

Light, n. nuru, weupe, mwanga,
anga; (daylight) mchana ; (bright-
ness) wangafu, mng'ao; (window)
mwangaza |mi-), dirisha |ma-);
(enlightenment) maarifa, akili;
(ppblicity) #bayani, kuwa wasi;
(famous person) mfu wa sifa,
mashuhuri; (point of view), £tnsi
ya kufahamu. Throw light on,
mulikia; (explain) elesa. Bring
to light, funua, onyesha, bainisha.
According to my lights, #zonavyo
mims. By the light of grammar,
kwa kukumbuka sarufi. Light of
nature, akili, In this light, in that
light, Azv2, vile.

a. (in weight) -cpest, rahisi;

(gay, pleasing) -a furaha, -a ku-

pendeza; (worthless) -nyonge, -ba-

ya, hafifu; (slight) -dogo, kidogo,

-chache; (gentle)-a polepole,-anana,

laini; (loose, crumbly) -¢2/tetz/x ;

LIGHT

(in colour) -exfe ; (troops) (-enyi
stlaha nyepest|. Light coin, sa-
rafu mbaya hafifu.

Light, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Lighted,
Lit) (kindle) washa, (neut.) waka ;
(make light) angaza, mulikia ;
(help with light) seleka kwa
taa, mulikia njiani. Light on
(upon), ‘ita, jia; (meet with)
pata, kuta, angukia; (discover)
vumbua. Make light of, sharan,
tweza, si -angalia. Throw light
on (a subject), eleza, fafanisha.,
Bring to light, funua, vumbua.

Light-armed, a. [-enyi selaha
chache si nzito).

Lighten, v. rakisisha, punguza, fa-
nya -epest; (give light) angaza,
ng aliza, mulikia; (relieve) fariji;
(emit lightning) toa umeme.

Lighter, n. mashua | kubwa, ya kazi |;
(of lamps) mwenyi kuwasha
(aa).

Light-fingered, a. -a kuiba, kijivi,

Light-headed, a. -4 kurukwa na
akili, -enyi kichaa, -a akili chache,

Light-hearted, a. -kunjufu, -a fu-
raha, -a kucheza.

Lighthouse, n. (mnara wenyi taa
ya kuashiria njia|.

Light-infantry, n. (asikari wa
kwenda mbio, wenyi selaha si
nzito).

Lightly, adv. (easily) upesi, rahisi;
(hastily) pasipo kufikiri, kwa ha-
raka; (slightly) kidogo, upesi,
burre; (gracefully) kwa madaha.

Lightness, n. kuwa Light, wepesi,
urahisi; (worthlessness) uhafifu.

Lightning, n. umeme.

Lightning-conductor, n. | kipande
cha kukingia umeme).

Lights, n. (knowledge) maarifa,
akili; (of animals) yavuyavu, He
lives up to his lights, afanya vema
kadiri ajuavyo, mwema kwa kadiri
yake.

Like, v. penda, taka, chagua, ona
-tamu. As you like, upendavyo,
hiari yako. Do as one likes, fum:a
roho.

220

LIMITATION

Like, n. kifani (vi-), mfano |mi-),
mwenzi ; (desire) mapenzi.

a. sawa, -a kufanana, -a mfano

mmoja, mamoja. As like as not,

naona, labuda. (In comp.) -like,
kama. Childlike, kama mtoto,

Be like, fanana [na], -wa mfano

mmoja, twazana, twaana, lingana,

-wa sawa.

conj. sawa na, mfano wa, kama,
mihili ya.

Likelihood, n. kuwa Likely.

Likely, a. It is likely, There is
a likelihood of it, Most likely,
naona itakuwa, nathani, inakabil?
kuwa, yalekea, yataka kuwa, la-
buda, haikosi. A likely man,
mzuri, wa kupendeza.

Liken, v. fananisha, linganisha.

Likeness, n. mfano [mt-], kifani
[vt-], sanamu, sura, mithili, mli-
ngano. Have a likeness, -wa mfano
mmoja, fanana. They have a great
likeness, wamefanana sana.

Likewise, adv. na tena, katidiika.

Liking, n. mapenzi, kutaka, mataka,
upendeleo, tamaa. ‘ake a liking
to, iza habbant, elekea.

Lily, n. (wa zuri la kizungu). Blue
water-lily, yungi yungi.

Limb, n. sehemu ya mwili, kiungo,
mkono, mguu; (of a tree) Zawi
[ma-]. There is pain in all my
limbs, maungo yote yantuma,

Limber, n. (nussu ya gari la mzi-
nga |.

Limbo, n. ahera ; (prison) gereza.

Lime, n. chokaa; (fruit) dimu,ndimus
(tree) mdimu (mi-); = Linden.

Lime-kiln, n. fanuu la chokaa.

Limestone, n. mawe ya chokaa,

Limit, n. (boundary) mpaka [mi-];
(restriction) 4#2u%0; (extent) kadi-
rt, kiast, eneo; (utmost extent) upeo,
kipeo, mwisho.

v. suta, funga, katiza, wekea
mpaka, kata ruhusa. Limit to,
gombeza yote illa. Be limited to
(in scope, meaning), kuzika na.

Limitation, n. kusuta, hisuto,
mpaka (mt-), sheria, sharti,

LIMITED

Limited, a. -a kadiri, -pungufu ;
(small) -dogo, -embamba, -chache.
Limitless, a. gasipo kiasi, billa
kadiri, kupila kadiri yote.

Limn, v. andika sanamu, iga kwa
kalamu.

Limp, a. Zekefeke, laini ; (relaxed)
Jegevu.

v. chechema, sila.

Limpid, a. safi, -eupe.

Linden, n. (mti wa Ulaya}.

Line, n. mstari (mi-), mfuo (mi-],
safu; (cord) kamba, kitani; (for
fishing) mshipi, ugwe; (of verse)
shairi |ma- |; (course)njia, mwendo;
(kind) ginsi, namna; (direction)
maelekeo, upande; (of shooting)
shebaha; (occupation, conduct)
kazi, mwenendo, shughuli ; (suc-
cession, procession, file) mwanda-
mo, mafuatano; (line of descent,
race) ukoo, ufungu, jamaa; (mili-

' tary) jeshi la asikari ; (fortifica-
tion) boma, kituo cha asikari;
(camp) kituo, kambi; (of battle)
kupanga vita; (railway) njia ya
magari ya moshi; (of ships, &c.)
(merikebu za kampani, jamii ya
meli, nyingi; (mathemat. mstari
(wenyi urefu, si upana wala
unene |; (as a measure) [Sehemu ya
thenashara ya Inch]; = Hqua-
tor; (telegraphic) simu. Draw
a line, piga mstari; (make a
limit) piga mpaka, fanya mwisho
(Atkomo|. Hard lines, jambo zi"
to, uthalimu. Out of line, s¢ sawa,
st taratibu, mshathar?. Fall into
line, jepanga. Place in line, Panga,
vatibisha. Line-of-battle ship,
manowari kubwa. There is no
hard and fast line in these matters,

. mambo haya yanapitana.

v. (of clothes) Zabiki, tia tabaka;

(form line in) jangana kwa,

jipanga katika ; (till inside) jaza

ndani. Line with, panga ndani

ya.

Lineage, n. ufungu, jamaa ; (pedi-
gree) nasaba, ukoo.

Lineal, Linear, a. 9 mstari, -a

221

LIQUOR

mistari; (by descent, family) kwa
ufungu, kwa kuzaliwa.

Lineament, n. sura, uso.

Lined, a. -enyi Lining. A lined
cloth, dztana ya nguo.

Linen, n. £z/ani, nguo ya kilani.

Linen-draper, n. mwuza nguo.

Liner, n. (ship) mei.

Linger, v. 4awta, kaa, sita, tanga,
siri.

Lingual, a. -a ulimi.

Linguist, n. mwenyi kujua lugha
nyingi.

Linguistic, a. -a Zuoha.

Liniment, n. dawa ya kupaka.

Lining, n. tabaka, nguo ya kuliwa
ndani [kama kaba ya kanzu),
bitana.

Link, n. pete; (joining) kiungo.

p v. unga, fungasa, fungamani-
sha.

Linnet, n. (ndege ya Ulaya|.

Linseed, n. | mbegu za kitani).

Lint, n. (nguo ya pamba nyororo ya
kubandikia dawa).

Lintel, n. kizingiti [cha juu ya mla-
ngo|.

Lion, n. simba ndume, simba; (re-
markable object) jambo la kuaja-
bisha walu,mtu wa ajabu, maajabu.

Lioness, n. simba jike.

Lionize, v. [tembeza mahali na taza-
misha vitu vilivyomo).

Lip, n. mdomo |mi-|); (edge) uki-

ngo.

Lip-ring, n. ndonya.

Liquefaction, n. kuyeyuka, kugeuka
maji.

Liquefy, v. yeyusha, geuza maji.

Liqueur, n. | divaz ya sukalt, ya ku-
kolewa, ya nguvu |.

Liquid, a. -a maji, kama maji;
(smooth) Zaimz, -0roro; (clear)
-angafu, -eupe.

n. maji, (kifu kisichoshikikana|.

Liquidate, v. /ipa deni kwa urari,
fanya hesabu safi.

Liquidation, n. kulipa deni, 8tc.

Liquor, n. maji; (beverage) ki-
nywaji ; (intoxicating) kileo, Be
in liquor, /ewa.

LIQUORICH

Liquorice, n, ses.

Lisp, v. sema kitembe.

—, Lisping, n. kitembe.

List, n. hesaby, fahirisi; (invoice, Sc.)
worotha, ortha, daftari, Enter the
lists, enda kupigana, shindana.

Listen, v. sikia, sikilisa.

Listener, n. msikiaji, msikizi (wa-|.

Listless, a. -fepetevu, -legevu, -ztto.

Lit, p. t. ma pf. t. ya Light.

Litany, n. [sala za kuomba kani-
Sant, sa padre na watu wakiiti-
kana).

Literal, a. haswa, halisi, -a maneno
yenyewe, -4a maana tliyo wast.
Literal translation, (afasiri wa
maneno yole moja moja|.

Literally, adv. kwa nsi ya
Literal; #alfisi, kweli. He did
literally nothing, Aakutenda hatta
neno.

Literary, a. (-enyi kujua vitabu na
maarifa yaliyomo,-a waana vyuoni,
-enyi habari ya vitabu na kusoma,
-a mambo ya elimu).

Literate, a. -enyt elimu, -taalamu,

—— n. (mwenyi elimu kadiri ao ya
kutosha |.

Literature, n. (vilabu, jamii ya vi-
tabu na maandiko; (profession)
kasi ya kusoma na kuandika vi-
tabu; (classical) vitabu vya maa-
ndiko mazuri na ufasaha|.

'Ditharge, n. (fovu la fetha, mavi
ya fetha).

Lithe, a. -¢fesz.

Lithograph, v. fanya Lithography.

—n. tlhofanyika kwa Lithogra-

phy.
Lithographer, n. fundi wa Litho-
graphy.
Lithographic, a. -4 Lithography.
Lithography, n. (asi ya kupiga
chapa kwa kutuma jiwe).
Litigant, n. mda'wa | wa-|.
Litigate,v. Zefana, shtakiana, gomba-
na, enda shertant, enda kwa kalhi.
Litigation, n. da wa, hukumu.
Litigious, a.-a kupenda Litigation,
-shindant, -gomvi, -teta na watu.
Litter, n. machela ; (for cattle) ma-

222

LIVING

jani | ya kulalia nyama), malalo ;
(mess) Zakatfaka ; (young of an ani-
mal) watoto [wa nyama|.

Litter, v. chafua, tia takataka; (pro-
duce young) saa [wanyama].

Little, a. -dogo, -chache, kidogo, ha-
ba; (insignificant) -nyonge, hafifu,
thaifu, kt-. A little, kidopo, punde.
A little more, dado kidogo, punde
zaidi. Littleby little, £:dogo kidogo,
punde kwa punde. Take up little
by little, chofa. Little one, mtoto.
A little boy, £#ofo. A little thing,
kidude |vi-). Make little of,
tharan, twesa, punguza.

Littleness, n. udogo; (meanness)
unyonge, Sc. (Tas. Little),

Littoral, a. -4 want.

Liturgical, a. -a Liturgy.

Liturgy, n. | kawaida ya sala na iba-
da ya dini, taratibu ya Usharika
Mtakatifu |.

Live, v. -wa na usima, -wa hayi ;
(exist, remain) -wa, 2shi, kaa,
dumu; (get maintenance) pata rt-
siki, pata nafuu. Live on, -la,
ponea, liskwa. What does it live
on? hula ning? What does he
live by? kazi yake nini? Live
-down, shinda kwa saburi, vumilia.

a, -28ma, hayt; (burning) -a moto.
Live coals, makaa ya moto.

Livelihood, n. nafuu, riziki, uchu-
mti.

Lively, a. -cpest, -a kuchekesha, -a
kucheza. .

Liver, n. ini [ma-].

Livery, n. (nguo sa urembo, mava-
lio ya mtumishi nyumbani).

Livery-stable, n. | banda la frasi wa
kupanga|.

Lives, pl. ya Life. (7az. Live, v.)

Live-stock, n. nyama (zilizo mali,
ng'ombe, mbust, kondoo, frast).

Livid, a. -a rangi ya lisasi, -eupe
kidogo, -eust.

Living, n. nafuu, risiki, uchumi;
[east yenyi uchumi ya padre ma-

1 fullant, pa kukaa padre).
hayi, -stma; (working,

energetic, moving) -eny: Nguvu, -a

LIZARD

228

LOGIC

bidii, -a moto, -tendajs, -enyi mwe- | Lock, Lock up, v. funga kwa Lock ;

ndo. Living rock, mawe ya aséls.

Lizard, n. (common, climbing) mu-
si [wa-]; (burrowing) guruguru
{[ma-|; (large, water) kenge [ma-].

Lo, int. Zazama! kumbe! lo-o! Lo
and behold! fahamu ! tahamaki!

Load, v. (a ship) pakia, shehenisha,
tia shehena; (a man) chukuza,
twekea ; (gun) shindilia, shamiri;
(heap up) Za -tngt, lemeza. He
loaded him with favours, a/i-
mtendea fathili nyingi. Load
with reproaches, ‘wkana sana,

n. msigo [mt-], mtamba (mi-];
(abundance) wingi. A load of
sorrows, Auzuni nyingi. It is a
heavy load, zxalemea, nzito sana.

Loaf, n. (pl. Loaves) mkate [m#-].

v. jtkalta, jizungumza, kaakaa.

Loafer, n. [stu awezaye kasi astlake
kufanya), -vivu, -baya, -tembes?.

Loam, n. | udongo mzito na mchanga
pamoja).

Loan, n. maazimo, karatha, ukopi,
mkopo. Give on loan, opesha.
Get on loan, koga.

Loathe, v. chukia kabisa.

Loathing, n. machukio makuu.

Loathsome, a. -a kuchukiza sana.

Loaves, pl. ya Loaf.

Lobby, n. sébule.

Lobe, n. (kipande ao sehemu ya
pafu, sed ; (of ear) ndewe,

Lobster, n. kamba | ya bahari).

Local, a. [-2 mahali fullant tu, si
pote), -a palepale, -a mahali pamoja.

Locality, n. mahalt, inchi, upande ;
(neighbourhood) ujirani.

Localise, v. weka mahali, tumta
kwa mahali fullani.

Locate, v. weka mahal, amria ma-
hali.

Loch, n. siwa /a maji [Scotland].

Lock, n. (of box) kifas: [ve-] ; (pad-
lock) kufuli; (wooden) komeo;
(of a gun) mtambo [mé-]; (of hair)
shungi, kishungi; (of canal) mi-
lango. A deadlock, mwisho, ki-

komo, pasipopitika, kusimama;

(great difficulty) matata makuu,

(close up) kasa, weka ndani;
(fasten together) shikamanisha.
Locker, n. (kitu chenyi kufungwa
kwa Lock |, kasha.

oe n. [Atbweta kidogo cha tu-
nu).

Lock-jaw, n. pepo punda (7).

Locksmith, n. [| fundi wa kufanyiza
Lock }.

Look-up, n. kifungo, gereza.

Locomotion, n. mwendo.

Locomotive, a. -a kuendesha.

— n. gari la moshi | liendalo kwa
inchi kavu).

Looust, n. nsige.

Lode, n. (si wa madini ndani ya
mawe |.

Lodestar, n. = Pole-star.

Lodestone, n. asmaku (Ar.), chuma
cha magnetist (Tas. Magnet).

Lodge, v. (rest, remain) ‘va, lala,
kaa, shinda; (have hired lodgings)
kaa nyumbani kwa kupanga;
(place) weka, tia; (stick) aswa,
kwama.

— n. kibanda, nyumba ndogo;
(club-house) nyumba ya chama.
Lodgement, n. mahali pa kukaa;
(military) makali pa nguvu, boma,

kituo

Lodger, n. mkaa nyumbani kwa ku-
panga, mpanga chumba.
Lodging, n. nyumba ya kupanga ;
(place to sleep) mahali pa kulala,
malalo.
Lodging-house, n. (nyumba ya ku-
fangishta makao|. Lodging-house
eeper, mwenyeji wa Lodging-
house.

Loft, n. (drofa ya juu kabisa).
Lofty, a. -a juu, -refu, -a kiburi, -a
fahari; (noble) dora, -ema sana.
Log, n. gogo [ma-|; (of ship) datéz.
Log-book, n.kifabu cha batli | chenyi

habari zote za safari ya jahazi,
mwendo, mdjira, Sc.), tarihi.
Log-cabin, n. kibanda cha magogo.
Loggerheads (Be at), v. gombana,
telana.

| Logic, n. (emu ya kuwaza kwa

LOGICAL 2

akili halisi, elimu ya kujua elimu
yenyewe ni nini, njia gani ya
kuipata halisi).

Logioal, a. (-a Logic, -enyt hoja ao
maneno ya akili, -enyt kuonya
hakika ).

Logician,n. | mfu hodari kwa Logic,
mtu wa akili safi, mwenyi kuthu-
butisha maneno yake |.

Log-line, n. kamba ya batli.

Logomachy, n. vita ya maneno,
magombano,

Logwood, n. (mli wenyi maji me-
kundu, kama mkandaa).

Loin, n. kiuno [vi-], paja [ma-|.

Loin-cloth, n. nguo, shuka, doti.

Loiter, v. sifa, tanga, jikalia, fanya
uzembe, usirika,

Loiterer, n. mtu wa kusita, -siri.

Loll, v. jikalia, tandawaa, lala,
jizungumza ; (let hang) tokeza ka-
nwani | ulimi).

Lone, Lonely, Lonesome, a. -4
kukaa peke yake (yao, &c.), -a
pekee, -a ukiwa, pasipo watu.

Loneliness, n. kuwa peke yake (yao,
&c.), ukiwa, kujiona -kiwa. '

Lovg, a. (in space) -refu, -enyi
urefu, -a kunyosha; (in time) -a
wakali mwingi, -a siku |saa|
nyingi; (slow) si -epest, -a pole-
pole, -a kuchosha; (enduring) -a
kukaa, -a kudumu, -a ausht. In
the long run, mwisho. The long
and short of it, jambo lenyewe,
asili ya maneno, maana halisi.
Long ago, zamani sana. Long
(before, after, &c.), siku nyingi,
muda msima (| mbele ya, baada ya,
Scc.). Long measure, kupima urefu.
A long time, siku nyingi. Be(stay)
a long time, kaa sana, kawia.

— v. wa na tamaa (uchu, shauko)|),
tamani sana, ashiiki, chunuka.

adv. wakali mwingi, tangu za-
mani. | have long known it,
nimeijua langu zamani. Long for-
gotten, -/Ziosahauliwa siku nyingi.

Longer, a. -refu zaidi, zaidi. No
longer, not any longer, sz zayidi, st

“Zena, si langu sasa. He no longer

9

a

4 LOOK

loves me, ameacha kunipenda, ha-
nitaki tena,

Longevity, n. uzee, maisha mengi,
kukaa sana.

Longing, n. tamaa, uchu, ha’wa.

Longitude, n. (urefu wa kwenda
mahali fullani kwa mashariki ao
kwa magaribi tokea Meridian ya
London).

Long-lived, a. -enyi maisha mengi,
-a aushi,

Long-sighted, a. [-eyz kuona vema
mbali, st karibu |.

Long-suffering, a. -vumiltvu, -pole.

—— nn. uvumilivu, saburi.

Look, v. tazama, lekeza | tupa| jicho,
angalia, ona; (appear) onekana,
-wa kama, -fanana na; (face)
lekea, lekeana na, kabili; (show
by the face) -wa na uso wa, onya
kwa uso. Look asif, -wa kama,
elekea, kabili. It looks as if it
would rain, yafaka kunya mvua.
Look alive, amka, fanya hima.
Look at, fasama, angalia; (con-
sider) fikiri, fahamu. Look after,
angulta, tunza ; (investigate) tafuta
habari ya, He has much to look
after, yuna maangazi mengi. Look
for, tafuta, tefua, pelelesa, chungu-
lia; (expect) tazamta, tumainia.
Look down on, ¢tharau, twesza.
Look forward to, fazamia kwa
furaha. Look like, fanana na,
-wa mfano wa, -wa kama, kabili.
It looks like rain, zmakabili mvua.
Look out, fafuta; (attend) -wa
macho, jthathart, angalia. Look
out! simillah! zthathart! jipo-
nye! Look on, thani, thania,
hesabu; (be spectator) simama
karibu, huthurta. Look to, anga-
lia, tunza; (hope in) Zarajia,
tumainta. Look through, penyesha
Jicho; (examine) chungulia, tafu-
tsa. Look up, fazama juu, inua
macho; (learn) jifunza, tafuta
habari ya; (visit) suru, amkia.
His affairs are looking up, Aajamdbo
mambo yake. Look up to, heshimse,
ondokea. Look about, or round,

LOOE 225

LOST

tupa jicho huko na huko, tazama | Loquacity, n. kuwa Loquacious ; -

pote, -wa macho, -fanya bidii.

usemi, mapayo.

Look, n. nathari, tazamo (ma-); | Lord, n. (jina la heshima) mtu

(appearance) sura, umbo, halt,
uso. Things have a bad look,
mambo haya kama st mazuri.
Good looks, uso mzuri. Look of
envy, kijicho.

Looker-on, n. mwenyi kuwako
[4ustmama karibu, kuhuthuria).

Looking-glass, n. #200 [vt-, cha
kujitazamia).

Look-out, n. mlinzi [wa-], mpele-
lezi (wa-); (prospect) mambo ya
mbele, yatakayokuwa. It is your
look-out, shughuli yako, juu yako.
Keep a good look-out, kaa macho,
Jthathari sana.

Loom, n. kitanda cha mfumi,
mtandt.

—— v. onekana kama -kubwa | kama
-a hofu |.

Loop, n. Aifansi [vi-]; (of rope)
kishwara [vi-].

Loophole, n. skubaka [ma-], ki-
tundu cha penyesea bunduki ; (way
of escape) mlango, pa kukimbia,
njia ya kuokoka, buddi.

Loose, a. (unfastened) -/ofunguka,
-a kufumuka, -legevu, -lioachwa,
-lioachiwa; (not tight) st -a ku-
kaza; (of fabrics) si -nene, -emba-

mba; (friable) zifulifu ; (irregular, |.

inexact) st kalisi, si -ema, st -a

hawaida, st -a taratibu; (profligate)

-potofu, -baya.

, Loosen, v. fungua, fungulia,
felets, fumua, bandua, legeza, acha,

. achia. Let loose =Loose. Break
loose, jifungua, jitoa, sipotesa.
Play fast and loose, fanya vyo-
Vyote, jipoteza,

Looseness, n. ulegefu, upotofu, &c.

Loot, v. zeka.

—— n. mateka, nyara.

Lop, v. pogoa, punguza | kata, fyeka)
malawi, chenga.

Lopsided, a.-a kwenda upande, si
sawa, mshathali.

Loquacious, a. -piga domo, -enyi
maneno mengi, -semaji, -limi.

a, bwana, seyidt; (God)
Muungu, Bwana. Lord's day, ju-
ma -a pili, siku ya Bwana, Lord's
Supper, chakula cha Bwana, Usha-
rika Mtakatifu. Lord Bishop,
askofu. House of Lords, (baraza ya
wakuu wa cheo na maaskofu kati-
ka Ingereza; (place) chumba cha
kubarizia wakuu|.

Lordly, a. -a heshima, -a fahari;
(arrogant) -a kupiga ubwana, -a
kiburi. j

Lordship, n. (safi, milki ya Lord).
Your Lordship, dwana wangu, se-
yidt wangu.

Lore, n. emu, maarifa.

Lose, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Lost) potewa
na, twaliwa, poteza, angamiza,
kosa kupata, kosa kusikia; (suffer
loss) pata hasara, punguka; (be
defeated) siindwa. 1 have lost:
a knife, kisu kimenipotea. Lose
ground, anza kushindwa | kurudi-
shwa, kupitiwa |. Lose heart, /egea,
kata tamaa. Lose one's heart to,
shikwa na upendo wa |shauko ya),
penda sana. Lose one's senses,
rukwa na akili, zimia roho. Lose
one’s head, shkikwa na fathaa [na
bumbuazt |. Lose strength,vza, legea,
haribika. Lose a battle, shindwa
vilani.

Losing, a. -a hasara, -a kushindwa.

Loss, n. hasara, shari, msiba, ma-
angamisi, kupotea, kipunguo. Loss
of life, mautt, haribu. Without
any loss of life, pastpokufa mtu.
Be at a loss, sifa, -wa na ma-
shaka,

Lost, a, (p.t.ya Lose). Belost, fofea,
angamia, tsha. 1 am lost, mama
wee! ole wangu! nimepotea! All
is lost, zmekwzisha, bassi tena. Be
lost in astonishment (surprise,
amazement), siikwa na mshangao.
Belostin thought (meditation, &c.),
-wa na mawazo mengi, -wa katika
Jikara. Be lost in the (world’s)

Q

LOT

226

LUBBER

crowd, zemaulimwengunt,zizimia, | Lovingkindness, n. wema, huruma,

Lost to shame, pasipo haya,
-pujufu.
Lot, n. kura; (portion) sehemu,

katiba, ajali; (collection, heap)
fungu, jamii; (quantity) wingi.
Ina lot, shelabela, jamii, jumla.
Cast lots, piga kura. A lot of
(lots of) people, wafu wengi.

Loth, a. Be loth, sz Zaka, kataa, st
kubali, st rithta.

Lotion, n. dawa ya kuoshea, ya
kutia nje.

Lottery, n. mchezo wa bakati ; (risk)
bahati, hatari.

Lotus, n. (wa wa Misri na pangine).

Loud, a. -enyt sauli kuu, -a make-
lele, -a kishindo, -a nguvu. A
loud report, skindo kubwa. Speak
loud, sema sana, nena kikelele,

Loudness, n. kuwa Loud.

Lounge, v. tembea, zunguka, jikalia,
cheza, tandawaa, tanga.

n. matembezi, mahali pa ku-
ongea ; (couch) kitanda.

Lounging, a. -a kutangatanga, -a
kuzunguka burre, -tembesi,

Louse, n. (pl. Lice) chawa, tawa.

Lout, n. mjinga [wa-}.

Lovable, a. -a kupendwa, -a ku-
pendeza.

Love, n. upendo, pendo, upendano,
mapenst, shauko, habba; (desire)
tamaa, uchu; (courtship) uchu-
mba; (sympathy) huruma, wema;
(beloved) kipensi, Be in love, -wa
na mchumba,taka kuoa mwanamke.
Fall in love, shikwa na upendo,
pata mchumba. Make love to,
pendelesa, bembeleza. A labour of
love, kasi burvre | pasipo fayida, kwa
ajili ya kupenda tu).

— v. penda, taka, tamani, penda-
na, -wa na mahabba na, ashiki,
chunuka na.

Lovely, a. -srt sana, -a kupend-
esa.

Lover, n. mchumba | wa-, mwana-
Ume).

Loving, 8. -2 kupenda, -enyt moyo
wa kupenda sana,

upendo, fathilt, mapenzi.

Low, a. -a chini; (short) -fupi; (of
price, number, &c.) -aogv; (of
sound) -nene;, (of condition, &c.)
nyonge, -baya, -a kadiri; (defi-
cient) kidogo; (cheap) rahisi. Low
life, mazsha manyonge, watu wa-
dogo. Low principles, tabia mbaya.
Low Church, [Wamasthiya wa
Kanisa la kiingereza wastotukuza
sana Kanisa na kawaida - zake
(Zaz. High Church)}. Of the
lowest kind, -a kwisha.

adv. chini; (cheaply) rahktse; (of

sound) kwa sauti ndogo, pole.

—— v. lia [kama ng'ombe.

Lower, a. -a chini zayidi, -a chini,
&c. (Zaz, Low, a.). The lower
classes, wafu wadogo, walio watu
tu.

—— v. shusha, inamisha; (bucket,
&c.) tumbukiza; (sail) tua; (less-
en) punguza; (abase) ¢helz, tusha ;
(cheapen) rahzstsha; (sky) tanda,
fanya mawingu; (face) kunja-
mana, toa ukali.

Lowing, n. /to [la ng'ombe),

Lowland, n. incht ya chini [pana
na sawa\, donde. The Lowlands,
Holland na Belgium.

Lowliness, n. kuwa Lowly, #nyo-
nge, BC.

Lowly, a. -myonge, -nyenyehkevu,

Low-pressure, D. nA a. St nguvie
nyingi, si bidii sana.

Low-spirited, a. -4 Ausunt, -a
kushika tama, -a kukata tamaa,
-a roho nsilo.

Low-water, Low-tide, n. maji ya
kupwa.

Loyal, a.-a kupenda mfalme ; (docile,
devoted) -/::, amini, -a kudumia,
-a kushika kwa moyo.

Loyalist, n. mwenyi Loyalty.

Loyalty, n. kuwa Loyal.

Lozenge, n. (kidonge cha sukali na
Taj cha kufyonza), perementi
(ma-).

Lubber,.n. mjinga | wa-|.

LUBRICATE 2

Lubricate, v. ta mafuta, tia utelesi,
lainisha kwa mafuta.

Lucid, a. -angafu, -cupe; (clear,
easy) thahirs, -a kuelea, rahisé, -a
akili, -a kung'aa.

ILamcidity,n.wangafu,weupe, mng ao;
kuwa Lucid; (in style) nakau,
maz a0.

Lucifer,n.syata ya assubui; (match)
kiberili.

Luck, n. bahati, nasibu; (fate)
Muungu; (good luck) keri, meema,
jaha, ndege njema. Good luck to
you, kwa hert, bashive here. He is
in luck, amependelewa, ameneeme-
ka, Bad luck, shart, ndege mbaya.

Luckless, a. maskini,

Lucky, a. -a bahati, -a bahati njema,
-a heri. A lucky find, dafina.

Lucrative, a. -a fayida nyingi.

Lucre, n. fayida mbaya.

Lucubration, n. kazi ya kusoma
usiku, kukesha.

Ludicrous, a. -a kuchekesha, -a
mzaha.

Lug, v. kokota, vuta, burura.

Luggage, n. vyombo, mizigo, taka-
taka.

Lugger, n. (chombo cha kizungu |.

Lugubrious, a. -4 husuni, -zilo.

Lukewarm, a. -4 uvuguvugu, -a
meto kidogo, si moto st baridi. A
lukewarm friendship, #rafiki lakini
S$? sauna.

Lukewarmness, n. uvuguvugi.

Lull, v. tudisa, ta usingizi, tumbuiza.

—— n. kikomo cha kitambo, muda
wa kutulia.

Lullaby, n. ufumbutso.

Lumbago, n. maumivu ya UtUnons,
baridi mapajani.

Lumbar, a. -a vtuno.

Lumber, n. fakataka; (timber) miti,
mbau, magogo.

Lumbering, a. -a kwenda kwa shi-
dda twa sababu zitto), -a kujtko--
kota.

Luminary, n. mwanga [me-]; (per-
son) mfu mas.

Luminous, a.
thakirs, wasi, 7.

7 LUZURIANT

Lump, n. kibumba | vi-), bonge [ma-},
fungu |ma- |, fumba | ma-J; (small)
kitonge |vi-), vumbu [ma-|; (of
meat) chinyango, kinofu; (mass)
jamii, jumla. Ina lump, shelabela,
kwa jumla, kititi, jamii. A lamp
sum, fetha nyingi | jamii |.

—— (together), v. iza pamoja, cha-
nganya, jumiima.

Lumpy, a. -enys Lumps;
nun

Lunacy, n. kichaa, soda, wazimu.

Lunar, a. -a mwezi.

Lunatic, n. mwenyi kichaa | wa-
stmt).

Lunch, Luncheon, n. chakula cha
aththuuri, chakula cha mchana.
Lung, n. pafu [ma-], pumu; (of

animal) yavuyava | ma- |.

Lunge, n. figo [la kuchoma | la upa-
nga.

Lurch, n. (ofa ship) kulala upande ;
(difficulty) mabaka, hatar?. Leave
in the lurch, acha pasipo msaada,
nyima msaaada.

v. (of a ship) dala upande, fanya
mramma.

Luraher, n. (mbwa wa kuwinda |.

Lure, v. vuta, tega, shawishi.

——n. (bait) chambo; (trap) mtego
[wa-]; (attraction) kishaushi,

Lurid, a. -eupe, -a hutia hofu.

Lurk, v. jificha, otea.

Luscious, a. -lamu sana.

Lust, n. ta'wa, ng'oa, tamaa mbaya,
uzinifu.

Lustful, a. -4 ust.

Lustration, n. #fakaso.

Lustre, n. mwanga, Nuru, Weupe;
(glory, honour) sifa, heshima, Ja
hart

kinundu-

Lustrous, a
Lusty, a.
dari.

. -@ kung'aa.
-2 nguvu, -a bidii, ho-

Lute, n. 2¢2¢.

Lutheran, a. -a Luther, -a kufuata
‘mafundisho ya Luther.

imxuriance, 0. kuwa Luzuriant,
wingi.

Luxuriant, a, -2 Auota sana, -ingi,
tele, zuri.

Q 2

LUXURIATE

Luxuriate, v. jinyosha, jikalia, jisht-
bisha, jipendesa, jikinatsha, deka,

Luxurious, a. -@ Luxury. Live
luxuriously, deka.

Luxury, n. anasa, vifu vingi, halt ya
ukwasi, ulajiri, wingi wa malt;
(rarity) zunu, | kitu kilicho kichache
na ghali).

Lymph, n. maji | ya mwilini).

‘Lynch, v. (hukumu pasipo sheria,
athibu pasipo hukumu ya kawat-
da), lipiza kisasi, tendea jeuri.

Lynx, n. (nyama kama paka ya
mwitu, mwenyi kuona sana |,

Lynz-eyed, a. -emy: kuona sana,
enyi kuchungulia, -chungulizi.

Lyre, n. kinubi.

Lyric, a. [mashatrt madogo ya fura-
ha ao huzuni).

M,

Ma’am, n. = Madan, 6262.
ma’am, (kuitika) lebeka, bibi.

Macadamise, v. | fanyiza njiayama-
kokoto, laini na sawa, fusia mako-
koto ya nazi njiani|.

Macaw, n. (kasuku mkubwa wa
Amerika).

Maccaroni, n. (unga wa ngano ulio-
fanyizwa kama mfano wa chango|,
Tambi.

Mace, n. (spice) Zashasi; (club) ru-
ngu rma),

Macerate, v. legesa | kwa kulowesha
na maji).

Machiavelian, a. -nafiki, -janja.

Machination, n. shauri | baya), hila.

Machine, n. (instrument) chomdo;
(mill) ene; (in general, for
sewing) cherkhana, karahana,
mashini; (as of clock or spring)
mtambo (mi- |; (mechanical force)
(nguvu pasipo akili, bidii pasipo
thitart ao kuchagua), mtumwa,
chombo.

Machinery, n. vyombo, vinu, Sc. ;
(arrangements) malengenezo, ma-
daraka.

Machinist, n. fundi wa Machine,

Mackerel, n, [samaki ya Ulaya].

Yes,

“228

MAGNET

Mackintosh, n. [johko la mpira, li-
stlochuja maji).

Mad, a. -eny: wazimu. Go mad,
shikwa na wasimu,rukwa na akili.

Madagascar, n. Suki, Bukini.

Madan, n. | jina la kumwambia bibi
mwenyewe kwa heshima ao bibi ali-
yeolewa ao mzee |), bibi; (lady of the
house) mwana, bibi mkubwa.

Madcap, n. mjinga, mchezaji.

Madden, v. ka wasimu,
akili, kasirisha.

Made, p.t. za pf. t. ya Make.

Mad-house, n. (nyumba ya kufungia
wenyi wazimu |.

Madness, n. wasimo, kupotewa na
akili, ujinga mkuu, pepo, shetani,
mahoka.

rusha

Madonna, n. | Bikira Maryamu ma-
maye Isa Masiya, ao sanamu yake |.

Madrigal, n. (wimbo mzuri mdogo.
uimbo wa watu wa'nne ao zayidi
pasipo ngoma).

Magadoza, n. Mkuchyo, Makdesh.

Magazine, n. bokhara, ghala, nyu-
mba ya kuwekea baruti; |chuo
chenyi habari ao hadithi, kitokea-
cho marra kwa marra, kama ga-
sett},

Maggot, n. funza [ma-], buu [ma-].

Magic, n. (white) uganga; (black)
uchawi; (conjuring) mwujiza,
mzungu |mt-)|), kiinimacho.

——, Magical, a. -2 Magic, ajabu,
-2 mwujiza. Magic lantern, (zaa
ya kuonya sanamu ukutant |.

Magisterial, a. -a serkali, -a nguvu,
kali.

Magistracy, n. (jamii ao kasi ya
Magistrates.

Magistrate, n. kalhi, hakimu, mwa-
muzi; (high official) mkubwa, mwe-
nyi hukumu, liwali, wasiri.

Magnanimity, n. stu mwema, moyo
mkuu, huruma, haki.

Magnanimous, a. -a Magnanimity.

Magnate, n. mkubwa, mkuu, sheki

ma- |).
Magnesia (Sulphate of), n. chumvi
ya habuli,
Magnet, n. (sindano la dira, chu-

MAGNETIC 229

ma cha kulekea kaskasim, kivu-
tacho chuma mwenzake, magnetist
(Ar.)]}.

Magnetic, a. -< Magnet, kama
Magnet, -a kuvuta.

Magnetism, n. nguvu ya Magnet.

Magnetise, v. Aa nguvu ya Magnet.

Magnificat, n. [utmbo wa Bikira
Maryamu Mtakatifu,‘ Moyo wangu
wamtukusa Bwana’).

Magnificence, n. utukufu, uzuri,
fahari, athama, -

Magnificent, a. -e72y? Magnificence.

Magnify, v. fukuza, athimisha,
ongeza, sifu, kuza.

Magniloquent, a. -a maneno makuu,
-a maneno ya fahari, -piga domo.

Magnitude, n. (size) ukubwa, cheo;
(greatness) ukubwa, ubora, ukuu.

Magpie, n. (ndege kama kunguru).

Mahogany, n. (mt: mwekundu wa
Amerika.

Mahomet, n. Muhammadi.

Mahommedan, a. -isaviu, -aslimu,
-a kiislamu.

Maid, Maiden, n. (house servant)
kijakazi cha nyumbani; (virgin)
mwana mwali, bikira; (young
woman) Ayana mwanamke.

“Maiden, a. -a Maid; (first, new) -a

kwanza, -sima, -pya, -bicht.

Maidenhood, n. wana [wa mwa-
namke); (virginity) ubikira.

Mail, n. [(armour) nguo ya pete za
chuma, kanzu ya chuma ya kuvaa
vitani; (letter bag) mfuko wenyi
nyarakazawatu; (letters) nyaraka,
barua; (means of conveying letters,
messengers) matalisht, (ships) meri-
kebu, mali, (train) magari ya
mothti).

v. peleka kwa Mail (letter).

Main, v. karibu nusu,vunja,umbua,
kasiri.

Maimed, a. kilema, kiwele.

Main, n. bakari kuu. With might
and main, kwa bidii nyingi. In
the main, zayidi, kwa vingi, illa
kidogo tu.

a. -kubwa, -kuu, -a kwanza, -a

maana. Main road, njia kuu.

MAKE

By main force, kwa nguvu tupu,
kwa nguvu, hwa jeuri.

Mainland, n. 2mchi kuu,
(opposite Zanzibar) mrima.

Mainspring, n. (mtambo wa kue-
ndesha saa, wa kupigesha bunduki,
&c.]; (chief cause) mwanzo, sababu
halisi,

Mainstay, n.
nguzo, tegemeo.

Maintain, v. (keep, hold) shika,
kaa katika; (preserve) dumisha,
hifathi, shindisha, kaza ; (support)
lisha, -pa riziki, gharamia, tege-
meza, chukua ; (assert) sema, thu-
butisha.

Maintenance, n. fegemezo, uthabiti,
msaada, kutetea; (means of living)
ya kuponea, nafuu, risiki,chakula,
masarufu.

Maize, n. (plant and fruit) muhindi
(mi-|); (grain) mahindi; (cob)

gunzi |ma- |); (parched) dzs¢.

Majestic, a. -cnyi Majesty.

Majesty, n. enzt, est, utukufu, atha-
ma, fahari..

Major, a. -kubwa, -ingi, zayidi ya
nusu,

n. [akida wa asikari |.

Major-domo, n. msimamizi [wa ju-
mba ku).

Majority, n. wangi, zayidi ya nusu ;
(full age) (amri wa miaka asharini
na moja|.

Make, v. (p.t. za pf.t. Made) fanya,
janyiza; (create) umba, huluku;
(get) pata; (compel) Zazimisha;
(become) -wa, pata kuwa; (con-
struct) fanyiza, tengeneza ; (a ship)
unda; (a house) jenga; (a drawing)
andika, chora, piga; (astory) funga,
buni; (be, form) -wa, -wamo;
(understand) fahamu, ona; (cause
to be) -eza, -z2a, -esha, -tsha, -sha,
-2a, e.g.: make thin, hondesha ;
make great, kuza; make sick, Za-
ptsha. Make a bed, tandika nguo
kitandani. Make account of,
heshimu, tukuza. Make away with,
tupa, poteza, ua, haribu. Make
believe, Make as if, jifanya. Make

bara,

(support) msaada,

MAKE

at, endea. Make bold, thudutu.
Make choice of, chagua. Make
for, shika njia kwenda. Make free
with, tumia upendaryo ka pasipo
ruhusa, poteza, Make good, ru-
disha, lipa, tengeneza, thubutisha.
Make light of (little of), Ziarau.
Make head, pata nguvu, endelea.
Make money, pata fetha, sitajirisha.
Make merry, furahi. Make much
of, (honour) heshimu, thant -ku-
bwa; (understand) fahamu wema.
Make out, fahamu; (prove) thu-
butisha. Make off, ondoka, kimbia,

. puruka. Make over, zoa, -pa,
ptsha, lipa. Make sail, zweka,
ondoka. Make sure, pata hakika,
hakikisha. Make up, fanya, fa-
mytza, tengeneza ; (complete) ma-
liza; (compose) funga; (flatter)
Jipendehesa; (pay) 47a. Make up
one’s mind, kasa shauri, nia,
azimu. Make up a quarrel, pata-
na, tulia. Make up for, Zipa sa-
wa, -wa sawa, komboa.

Make, n. #mbo, sura, namna.

Maker, n. muumba, mfanya, fundi

[ma-}.

Makeshift, n. badala, | kitu kifaacho
kwa marra moja tu, si halisi, si
thabiti), hafifu.

Makeweight, n. (kifu kisicho ma-
ana, cha burre, cha juu, kidogo tu,

hafifu |.

Malachite, n. | jiwe lenyi rangi ya
majani).

Maladministration, n. maongozi

mabaya, makosa, kasi mbaya.

Malady, n. ugonjwa.

Malaria, n.(hewa mbaya ya kufanya
homa), homa.

Malcontent, a. -sto ratht, -a chuki;
(rebellious) -asi, -haid?.

Male, a. -ume, ndume, -a kiume.

—— 1. mume ey ndume; (man)
mwanaume | wa- |,

Malediction, n. /aana (ma-), tukano
ma-).

Malefactor, n. mfanya mabaya,

230

MAN

Malevolent, 2. -enyz: nia mbaya,
-baya, -korofi.

Malformation, n. kombo, kipunguo,
kilema, lema (ma-].

Malice, n. uovu, ukorofi.

Malicious, a. -a Malice.

Malign, a. -baya, -a nia mbaya;
(unpropitious) -a ndege mbaya.

v. semgista, shtakt uwongo.

Malignant, a. [Aaa Malign], -a
shetani, -zandtkt, Malignant ulcer,
donda ndugu. -

Malignity,n. #baya, ushetani,sumu.

Mallard, n. data ya mwitu | ma-|).

Malleability, n. kuwa Malleable,
ulaini.

Malleable, a. -a kufulika, -a kufu-
likana, |-a kutandazika sawa kwa
kupigiliwa nyundo), -enyi kulai-
mka.

Mallet, n. nyundo [ ya mtr}.

Malpractice, n. tendo baya, mwene-
ndo mbaya.

Malt, n. (shairi iliovundishwa kwa
kuliwa maji na moto, ukawa
chachu).

Maltreat, v. fendea mabaya | jeuri,
ukali, &c.], onea.

Maltreatment, n. kutenda [kute-
ndewa| mabaya, &c.

Maltster, n. mwuza Malt.

Malversation, n. matumizi mabaya,
kupoteza mali [amana), utha-
limu.

Mamma, n. mama.

Mammal, n. |mnyama mwenyi ku-
nyonyesha watoto kwa matiti).

ia, n. [ jams ya Mammals
sote}.

Mammon, n. malt, utajiri.

Mammoth, n. (Zembo wa kikale).

Man, n. (pl. Men), (male) mwa-
saume [wa-); (human being)
mwana Adamu, bin Adamu; (in-
dividual, person) mfu|wa- 1); (hero)
mtu wa kiume, ndume. oa
man, wte pia. Play the man,
lenda kiume. These soldiers are
real men, askari hao ni ndumebora.

mbaya | kama mwisi, muaji, Sc...) —— v. tia watu, pakia baharia,

Malevolence, n. nia mbaya, ukorofi.

wekea asikari,

MANACLE
Manacle, n. pingu ya mikono.

Manage, v. (direct, arrange) amuru, |

simamza, tengenesa, ongoza; (con-
trol) ¢awala, tisha; (influence)
vuta; (transact) fanya shughuli;
(be in charge of) funza; (effect)
fanya, pata, faulu. can manage
(do by myself), zajzwesea,

Manageable, a. -/owezckana, -a ka-
Girt; (tractable) -a Autti, -a kuo-
ngoka, -a kutumika.

Management, n. “s?mamisi, ma-
-angazt, maongozi, matengenezo,
matumizt; (skill) werevu, shauri
la akili.

Mandarin, n. [mtu mkubwa ka-
tika Sina]; (orange) chenza [ma-];
(smaller kind) kangaja | ma-].

Mandate, n. amri, agizo, hukumu.

Mandible, n. aya [taya|; (of
insects) mdomo | mi-|.

Mandrake,n. | kama bangi aoafyuni).

Mane, n.[ manyoya mengi ya shingoni
mwa nyama kama frasi na simba,
nyele za singa |.

Manful, a. hodari, -a kiunie.

Mange, n. [ugonjwa wa ngozi ya
nyama, kama upele |.

Manger, n. sanduku | ya kulilia cha-
kula zizini |.

Mangle, v. rarua, tatua, papura;
(spoil) #aribu ; (of clothes) /aini-
sha, guruia,

a aera ya kulainisha

Mango. n. (tree) mwembe (mi-|;
(fruit) embe, (large) embe dodo, dodo.

Mangouste, Mangoose, n. 7g'chiro.

Mangrove, n. mkandaa | mi- |), mkoko
(mi-).

Mangy, a. -€nyi Mange.

Manhood, n. kuwa mtu mzima, utu
ume, UUME, upevu; (manliness)
moyo mkuu, ukodari, moyo wa
kiume.

Mania, n. wazimo, shetani.

Maniac, n. mwenyi waztmo,

Maniacal, a. -a wazimu, kama wa-
zimu, -a shetant,

Manifest, a. thahiri, wazi, baini,
-bayana,

231

MANOR-HOUSE

Manifest, v. onyesha, toa, loa wazi,
thihtrisha.

Manifestation, n. onyesho, ufunuo,
kutoa wazi.

Manifesto, n, [hati ya kutangaza
habari |.

Manifold, a. -ngt, a namna nyt-
ngi, -a marra nyingi.

Manikin, n. kibetfi, kijetu, kibunju,
mbilikimo, kipande cha mtu; (doll)
mtoto.

Manipulate, v. Zengeneza kwa mi-
kono; (induce, manage) shurutisha,
ongoza kwa shauri, vula kwa
hila.

Manipulation, n. kutengeneza, 8c.
Mankind, n. watu, waana Adamu,
jamii ya binadamu, walimwengu.
Manliness, n. /abia ya kiume, uho-

dari, ushujaa, utu ume.

Manly, Manlike, a. -a kiume, ho-
dart, bora.

Manned, p.t. ya Man, v.

Manner, n. ginsi, nama, njia.
What manner of? gani? In a
manner, #ussu, kama, kidogo;
(badly) vibaya.

Manneriam, n. (ginsi ya peke yake,
ginsi ya miu fullani tu, desturi,
mtindo).

Manners, n. fabia, mambo, mwene-
ndo, halt, kikao, Good manners,
adabu, tasfida, madaha, heshima,
upole. Well-mannered, -a adabu,
-a heshima. Ill-mannered, St
adabu, himashaméa, kishenzi, -a
kuchukiza.

Manoeuvre, n. (clever management)
madaraka ya akili, maongozi me-
revu; (device) werevu, hila;
(warlike) (| kwenda asikari ao mano-
wari huko na huko vitani, matenge-
nezo ao madaraka ya vila, mchezo
wa vita |.

—— v. (peleka ao kwenda asikari
ao manowari huko na huko vitani,
tengeneza vila); (scheme) fanya
vingi kwa hila, "fanya wertvu.

Man-of-war, n. manowari.

Manor, n. | shamba la mtu mkubwa).

Manor-house, n. jumba la Manor.

MANORIAL

Manorial, a. -4 Manor.

Manse, n. nyumba ya padre [Scot-
land},

Mansion, n. jumba [ma-}.

Manslaughter, n. kuwa mtu, ma-
uaji,

Mantel, Mantelpiece, n. (udau wa
ukutani juu ya meko).

Mantis, n. vunja jungu.

Mantle, n. (vazi da waanake) wazi,
kitandiko.

— v. (of colour) emea, tokea,

Manual, a. -a mikono, -liofanyika
kwa mikono.

—— n. kifabu kidogo.

Manufactory, n. (nyumba ya kufa-
nyizia vitu |, nyumba ya kazi, uwa-
nja, banda (ma-), kiwanja, kinu,

Menufaoture, v. fanyiza, tendea

azi.

—— n. kasi | ya kufanyiza kitu),
kitu kifanyizwacho. Arts and manu-
factures, kazi za akili na kazi za
mikono.

Manufacturer, n. mwenyi Manu-
factory, mfanza vitu.

Manufacturing,a. A manufacturing
town (district, community, popula-
tion), mji (inchi, kabila, wate}
pafanyizwapo vitu, si pa kulima.

Manumission, n. kutoa | kutoka)
utumwani, weka huru.

Manumit, v. foa utumwani, pasha
uhuru, weka huru.

Manure, n. samadi, mboleo.

Manuscript, n. mwandiko [mi-],
karatasi yenyi mwandiko [wa
mkono, st wa chapa).

Many, a. -ingt, kathawakatha, ma-
rithawa.

Map, n. ramant | sanamu ya mahali,
ya inchi).

——, Map out, v. fanya ramani;
(tabulate) andika wast, onyesha
vizuri.

Mar, v. karibu, kasiri, vunja,
u

Marauder, n. adui, mtekajt, mnya-
ng'anyi (wa-].

Marauding, a. -4 kuleta vita, -a
kuja kuteka, -a kuharibu.

282

MARKETABLE

Marble, n. (mawe mazuri ya kung'aa
ya rangi, marmar; (playing) tufe
ndogo ya jiwe).

March, n. mwendo wa asikari,
mwendo, safari; (musical) (z-
mbo wa kusawasisha mwendo wa
asikari); (month) (mwezi wa tatu
wa mwaka kizungu |.

— v. enda taratibu [kama asika-
ri); (conduct) feleka, endesha ;
(start) ondoka, safiri.

Marchioness, n. Marguis wa kike,
mkewe Marguis.

Mare, n. frasi jike.

Margin, n. ukingo, kando, mbavu,
upande. In the margin (ofa book),
kwa upande.

Marginal, a. -a Margin.

Marine, a. -a bahari, -a baharini,
-a pwani, -a mambo ya bahari.

— n. asthari ya manowari ; (ship-
ping) (jamii ya merikebu zote za

haifa ullant |.

Mariner, n. dakaria [ma-], mwana
maji | wa-).

Marital, a.-a mume | kuliko mkewe |.

Maritime, a. -a bakari, -a pwant,
-enyt shughuli kwa bahari.

Mark, v. ¢#a alama, pigia chapa;
(be a mark) -wa alama ya; (put a
mark) fanya alama,andtka hesabu ;
(observe) angalia, tazama, Mark
out, pambanua, chagua. Mark
time, | asikari kukanyagisha miguu
pasipo kwendelea |.

—— n. alama, dalili, ishara ; (stamp)
chapa; (evidence) mathubutu ;
(target) shebaka ; (position, rank)
cheo; (number) Aesabu ; (coin)
robo ya kidachi; (tribal-mark)
nembo; (of skin, animals, &c.)
choa, doa, waa [ma-|. Beside the
mark, pasipo maana, pasipofaa.
Up to the mark, -stma, tayari,
hali njema. A man of mark, mtx
wa cheo, mashuhuri.

Market, n. soko [ma-], mahali pa
biashara, biashara; (demand for
goods) famaa,. Ready market,
tamaa tek.

Marketable, a. -4 kuuzanya.

MARKING-INK

Marking-ink, n. [wero ustochujuka
kabisa, wa kuandikia nguo).

Marksman, n. [miu hodari kupiga
shabaha|.

Marl, n. (udongo mzuri).

Marmalade, n
chungwa na sukali |.

Marmozet, n. (kima mdogo wa
A merika).

Marquee, n. hema kubwa.

Marquis, n. [ jina la daraja bora
sana kiingereza, la pili yake
Duke}.

Marriage, n. ndoa, mikaha; (cere-
mony) Aarust, uozt. Ask in mar-
riage, fosa. Give in marriage, oza.

Marriageable, a. -ztma, pevu. Be-
come marriageable, da/zhz.

Marrow, n. ubongo [ma-].

Marry, v. (perform the ceremony)
oza; (of male) oa; (of female)
olewa; (of parents) oza; (of the
parties) fanya harusi, oana. The
married state, hal ya kuwa na mke
mume).

Marseillaise, n. (wimbo wa taifa la
kifransa|).

Marsh, n. ziwa (ma- |, kisiwa, kina-

Marshal, v. andika taratibu, panga,
ongoza, simamia.

—— n. msimamizi, mwandikaji

mat Field-marshal, jemadari

Fa mkuu.

Marshy, a. -enyt maziwa mengi ya
maji, -a majimaji, -a matopetope,
kinamasi.

Mart, n. soko [ma-], mahali pa
biashara, mji wa biashara.

Martial, a. -a vifa, -a kupenda vita,
-a kiasikari, -a kiume.

Martin, n. (ndege kama mbayu-
wayt).

Martinet, n. mloa amri nyingi,
mkali, mpiga ubwana.

Martyr, n. mfa dini, |ajipasishaye
mauti ao athabu kwa ajili ya kui-
shuhudia imani), shahidi |ma-);
(victim) mfeswa burre.

Martyrdom, n. [mauti ao mateso ya
Martyr].

288

maandast ya ma- |

LI

MASTER

Martyrology, n. (kabari za mambo
ya Martyrs).

Marvel, n. ajabu [ma-], mwujiza
(mi- |, kioja, shani, msungu (mi-|.

v. ona ajabu, staajabu, shangaa,
toshewa.

Marvellous, a. -4 ajabu.

Masculine, a. -ume,
kiume.

Mash, v. seta, ponda, songa, boruga.

n. (a mash of grain) mseto;

(mess) fujo, kifujo.

Mask, n. (kifuniko
(women' s) barakoa;
mwigo, hila, maficho.

v. ficha, geuza, seliri.

Mason, n. mwashi | wa-).

Masonic, a. -4 Freemasons.

Masonry, n. wasii, kazi ya mawe
na chokaa.

Masquerade, n. [unyago, mchezo wa
vinyago).

Masguerader, n. (mcheza unyago|.

Mass, n. (quantity) wingi, jamit;
(lump, aggregate) fungu [ma-],
chungu; (mixture) changanyiko,
tungama ; (volume) ukubwa, uzifo,
cheo; (total guantity) jumla, yote
pamoja: ; (Eucharistic service) [4a-
waida ya Usharika Mtakatifu,
missa|, The masses, wate wengi,
makutano. In a mass, pamoja,
Jumla, kikundi, mshindo mmoja,
théruba moja; (promiscuously)
wivi hivi, shelabela. A mass of
iron, chuma tupu. The mass of,
The great mass of, sehemu kubwa
ya, wingi wa. A mass-meeting,
mkutano mkubwa.

—— v. kusanya,ungana,songanisha,
unga pamoja.

Massacre, v. chinja burre, ua vibaya,
Jisha, chinja.

n. mchinjo mbaya, machinjo,
uuaji wa burre.

Massive, Massy,
zito.

Mast, n. mlingote [mt-]; (nuts, &c.)
kokwa, njugu. izzen-mast, md:-
ngote wa kalme,

Master, n. bwana [ma-), bwana

ndume, -a

cha uso;
(disguise)

a. -kubwa, -nene,

MASTER

mkubwa ; (of house) bwana, mwe-
nyeji ; (of school) mwalimu ; (ofa
trade, art, &c.) fundi [ma-], msi-
mamist, warta, mstadt, mjuzi;
(of ship) sathotha. Master of
Arts, M.A., (mtu aliyepewa daraja
la heshima kalika University }.
Be one's own master, -wa Mweza
mwenyewe, jiweza.

Master, v. shinda, weza; (learn)
jifunza, hitimia, jua sana.

Masterful, a. -gumu, hodar:.. He
is very masterful, ubwana mwingi.

Masterly, a. -4 akili, hodari.

Masterpiece, n. kasi bora, kasi nzuri
halisi, kipeo.

Mastership, n. kasi ya mwalimu.

Mastery, n. #wezo, nguvu, Amri;
(complete knowledge) maarifa
mengi, ustadi, ujuzi.

Mastio, n. |kama sandarusi).

Masticate, v. ‘afuna.

Mastication, n. matafuno, kutafuna.

Mastiff, n. (mbwa mkubwa wa
nguvu na ukali|.

Mat, n. (sleeping, oblong) mkeka

ted (praying, oval) msala

[ w2é-} ; (floor) jamu: [ma-], busati;
(dish, round) kitanga [v2-}.

Matadore, n.! mchinja mafahali kwa
mchezo wa Bull-fight }.

Match, n. (lucifer) kiberiti (v7-];
(of matchlock gun) mrao; (equal)
mwenzi, sawa, mshindani; (con-
test) shindano, pigano, mchezo;
(marriage) maozt. Bea match for,
“WA sawa Na, wera.

— v. (make equal) fafa sawa,
fanya sawa, linganisha; (set to
fight) skendanisha, piganisha ; (be
like) -wa mfano mmoja, -wa mwe-
nai. This matches well, #inganifu
hiyo, ndiyo sawa, tnalinga.

Matohless, a. -si0 na kifani, -a
kupila yote.

Matchmaker, n. kijumbe [v2-].

Matchmaking, n. kazi ya kijumbe.

Mate, n. mwenzi ; (of ship) nakhotha
mdogo.

Material, a. (physical) -enyi asili ya

, kitu [cha kuoneka, cha kugusika,

234

MATTER

&c., 5st kama roho|,-lio kitu, -a kuo-
neka, -a kugustka ; (corporeal) -a
mwili, -a kiwiliwili ; (important)
-a maana, -kubwa, kanuni. It is
not material, #aithuru, mamoja.
The material element (side) of soul
(spirit), nyama ya roho.

Material, n. (substance) £7/u, nyama.
(Zaz. Materials).

Materialism, n. (kusema, Hakuna
roho, wala ulimwengu uswoneka
na akili setu, illa huu tu).

Materialist, n. mwenyi Material-
ism.

Materialistic, a. -¢ Materialism.

Materialize, v. (kueleza ao kuonya
yasiyoonekana kwayo yaliyooneka-
naj; (lower) geuza, haribu, umbua.

Materials, n. (kifu cha kufanyisia
vitu vingine), vitu, vyombo, vifaa ;
(for building) majengo ; (for car-
pentry) mafi, nebau ; (for clothes)
nguo, &c.; (for ship) maunsi.

Maternal, a. -a mama; (on mother’s
side) -@ kukent.

Maternity, n. kuwa mama.

Mathematies, n. [elimu ya hesabu.

Mathematical, a. -4 Mathematics,
-a ginsi ya hesabu ; (exact, certain)
halist, hakika.

Mathematician, n. mwalimu wa
hesabu.

Matins, Mattins, n. sala za assu-
bui

?.

Matricide, n. kumua mama; (person)
mua mana.

Matriculate, v. andika jina, ingiza
(katika University ao chama ao
sharika); (neut.) andikwa jina.

Matriculation, n. kwandika jina, Sc.

Matrimonial, a. -a kwa, -a ndoa.

Matrimony, n. #doa, kuoa.

Matrix, n. tumbo (la kuzaa|; (stone)
mawe ya asili.

Matron,n. mwanamke | msima alsye-
olewa); (mistress) 6262 mkubwa.
Matronly, a. -a kumpasa Matron,

-@ adabu, -a busara,

Matted, a. -/iosukwa, -liosokoteka.

Matter, n. jambo [mambo], neno
[ma-], jawabu; (business) shu-

MATTER 235

ghuli, kazi ; (material) asili, kifu,
kifaa; (pus) usaka ; (the material
world) ulimwengu, "vitu; (as op-
posed to spirit) nyama, kifu. What
is the matter? kuna nini? No
matter, hatthuru, mamoja. <A
matter of course, desturi, kanuni.
A matter of fact, jambo la hakika,
hakika, kweli.

Matter, v. pasa, faa, -wa na maana.
It does not matter, hasthuru, ma-
moja.

Matter-of-fact, a. (practical) -a
busara, -a amali, -enyi kujua ma-
mbo; (dull, uninteresting) -2 vivi
hivi, -a ovyo, baridi, -kavu.

Matting, n. jameui [ma-], busati.

Mattock, n. jembe | ma-).

Mattress, n. godoro | ma- |.

Mature, a. -2imta, -pevu, -bivu;
(ready) Zayari, kamili, -liotenge-
nezwa.

—— v. wisha, pevusha, (neut.) zwa;
(get ready) maliza, kamilisha,
andaa.

Maturity, n. uzima, upevu, ubivu y
(perfection) ukamilifu. Come to
maturity, pevuka, komaa, iva.

Matutinal, a. -a assubut.

Maudlin, a. -pumbafu, thatfn.

Maul, v. fonda, gonga, piga, vunja.

Maundy Thursday, n. [Alhamis?
mbele ya Good Friday].

Mausoleum, n. kaburi | kubwa na
zuri).

Mauve, n. [rangi nyekundu kidogo |.

Maw, n. Zumbo (la nyama |; (bird’s)
koo, umio.

Mawkish, a. -a kuchukiza, -a kuki-
naisha, -a ovyo.

Maxillary, n. ufaya |taya|.

Mazim, n. neno la hekima, kanuni;
(proverb) methali, mfano, fumbo la
maneno.

Maximum, n. ma a. upeo, kipeo, -a
mwisho, kwa kuwa -kubwa, -ku-
bwa |-ingi) sana.

May, v. (p. t. Might) weza, -wa na
rukusa, wezekana. i may go, na-
weza [halalt yangu, thitari ya-
ngu) kwenda, labuda nitakwenda.

MEANING

(That) I may go, niende. May I
go? mende? May you be happy,
uwe heri. May be, labuda, sijui.

May, n. [mwest wa tano wa mwaka
kizungu; (tree) mli wenyi maua
meupe).

May Day, n. situ ya kwanza ya
May.

Mayor, n. #wali wa mji.

Mayoralty, n. u/iwalt, kazi ya li-
walt,

Maze, n. (labyrinth) msingrle mwa-
mbiji, mazunguko, mizingo; (per-
plexity) matata, mashaka, fathaa.

Mazy, a. -a Maze, kama Maze.

Me, pron. mzmz; (in comp.) -72.

Mead, n. mvinyo wa asali wa nyuki
na maji|; (held) = Meadow.

Meadow, n. shamba [ma-], konde
[ma-]}, majani.

Meagre, a. haba, -chache, kidogo.

Meal, n. chakula, mlo; (flour) unga.
A full meal, shzde.

Mealy, a. kama unga, -a kufikicha.

— n. (pl. Mealies) muhindi
[mee-}.

Mealy-mouthed, a. sz -nyofu, -ja-
nja, -sifu mno, -a kujipendekeza.
Mean, a. -nyonge, -baya, hafifu; ;
(middle) -a kati, -a kadiri
(average) wastani, The mean time,
wakati kwa saa, siku sawa sawa.
In the meantime, wakali wa kati,
kwa nafasi, marra hiyo, huko

nyuma.

—— n. kati, cheo cha kati; (average)
[cha siku" nyingi, cha desturi), ka-
diri,waslani. Means, njia, vyombo;
(wealth) male, utajiri. By all
means! haya! vema! inshallah ! By
no means, kasha, stuyo kabisa. By
any means, kwa vyo vyote. A man
of means, Zajiri [ma-]. Ways and
means, gharama.

— Vv. (p. t. va pf. t. Meant] -wa
na maana; (purpose) azimu, nia,
taka, kusudia. It means, yaani.

Meander, v. zunguka zunguka, fa-
nya mapindi |mizingo |.

Meaning, n. maana, Nguvu. The
meaning is, yaani.

MBEANNESS

Meanness, n. unyonge, ujanja;
(avarice) ubakhili, choyo.

Means,n. njia | ya kutenda ),vyombo,
mali (Taz. Mean, n.).

Meant, p. t. za pf. t. ya Mean.

Meanwhile, adv. kuko nyuma, wa-
kati ule ule, pale pale, nafasi
ikiwapo, sasa hivi.

Measles, n. churuwa.

Measure, n. kadri, kiasi, cheo, kipi-
mo; (rod or line) chenezo; (opera-
tions) kazi, matendo, mashauri,
madaraka ; (foot-rule) futi. Take
measures, anza, shika kazi, fanya
mashauri. Take a man's measure,
tazama, angalta,

—— v. (take measure) pima, kadiri,
hesabu, linga, enenza, angalia cheo
[tabza]; (be by measure) -wa na
kadiri (kipimo); (measure by
comparison) enensa. It measures
six feet, urefu [ukubwa] wake pima
moja.

Measured, a. -2 faratibu, -a sawa
sawa, -a kadiri,

Measureless, a. -a kupila kiasi,
-s10 na mwisho. ji

Measurement, n. mpimo, kupima,
kipimo, &c. Measure one's length
on the ground, anguka fulifuli
[chalichals]. Measure oneself with,
shindana na, jaribia nguvu ya.

Meat, n. nyama; (scrap of) kinofu,
kinyango; (toasted, on stick)
mshakiki | mi- |, subana; (with rice,
&c.) kitoweo. Lean of meat (not
fat), mnofu.

Mechanio, n. fundi | ma-|.

Mechanical, a. -a Me-

chanics; (unintelligent) (kama

kazi ya kitu ao chombo, st ya mtu}

st kwa akili, si kwa kusudi, st

kwa bidii; (unthinking, inferior)

aon, “baya, hafifu, pasipo ku-
”

Mechanical, a. kama Mechanio, a.
Mechanician, n. (mwalimu ao fundi
wa Mechanics ao wa Machine].
Mechanics, n. | maarifa ya kutumia
nguvu sa vyombo na vitu visivyo
na akili, kama sa kabari, mtaimbo,

236

MEDITATION

gurudumu, ayart, &c., elimu ya
kuendesha vikubwa ao kujongeza
visto).

Mechanism,n. | = Machinery, sgu-
vu ya vyombo na witu vya kutu-
mika kwa kasi, mitambo, magu-
rudumu, &c. |.

Medal, n. ishani, japani cha ma-
dint kama sarafu

Medallion, n. nishani (kubwa ao
yenyt sanamu ya mchoro).

Meddle, v. jitia, jidukiza, jiingiliza
(katika mambo ya watu burre),
uthi,

Meddler, n. pingamisi,dukizi (| ma- |.

Meddlesome, Meddling, a. -su-
mbufu, -a Meddler.

Mediaeval, a. (-a: zamani sa katt ya
A.D. 450 na 1450, -a hikale].

Mediaevalism, n. |Zabia ao desturi
za wakati Mediaeval |.

Medial, a. -a kati.

Mediate, v. (pacify) jitia kati, -wa
mjumbe, patantisha, selehisha; (in-
tercede) ombea, tetea, nenea; (effect)
pata | fanya | kwa Mediation.

Mediation, n. upataxisho, wombezi.

Mediator, n. (of enemies, rivals, £c.)
msuluhishi. ([wa-|, mselehisha
[wa-], mpatanishi [wa-]; (go-
between) Aijumbe |(vi-).

Mediatorial, a. -2 Mediator.

Medical, a. -a tabibu, -a uganga, -a
dawa, To be under medical or-
ders (treatment), alikwa. Medical
man, fabibu (ma-], mganga | wa- |.

Medicament, n. , mapozi.

Medicated, a. -enyi dawa, -liofiwa
dawa, -liofanyiswa kwa dawa.

Medicine, n. dawa; (art) uganga,
utabibu. Give medicine to, -fa
dawa, -nywesha dawa.

Medicinal, a. -a dawa, -a kuponya.

Mediocre, a. -a kadiri, si -ema,
hafifu, -baya kidogo.

Mediocrity, n. ukadiri, wema |usu-
11) wa kadiri, uhafifu.

Meditate, v. fikiri, -wa katika fika-
ya, -wa fikarani, jiwaza; (intend)
azimu, nia, taka,

Meditation, n. fikara, mawas0.

MEDITATIVE 237

Meditative, a. -a kufikiri, -a fikara
nyingi. j

Medium, n, (kifu kilicho kati ao cha
kutumika), njia, chombo; (go-
between) kijumbe.

—— a. -a kati, -a kadiri, wastani.

Medley, n. machanganyiko, macha-
fuko, kifujofujo.

Medullar, a. -2 ubongo

Meed, n. (reward) fuzo, zawadt;
(merit) wstahzlz.

Meek, a. -fole, -ema, -tit, -nyonge,
-vumilivu,

Meekneas, n. upole, &c.

Meerschaum, n. (udongo laini mwe-
upe wa kufanyizia viko vya tu-
mbako ; kiko cha Meerschaum }.

Meet, n. mkutano [wa wawindaji,
jamii ya watu wakisake}.

v. (p.t. za pf.t. Met) kufa, ku-

tana, kusanyika, kutantka; (for

hostilities) ;iana kwa vita, pigana;

(come to terms) ana. Go to

meet, /ak#. Meet with, pata, pa-

twa na [hasara, &c.]. Meet the

eye (ear, &c.), fktliwa na jicho,

tazamwa [stkiwa, &c. |.

a. -surt, -a kadiri, -a kufaa, -a
kustahili, wajibu.

Meeting, n. mkutano [mi], kusa-
nyiko, jamii ya watu.

Meeting-house, n. nyumba ya ku-
salia.

Melancholic, Melancholy, a. -enyi
Melancholy.

Melancholy, n. kusuni, hamu, uzito,
uchungu.

Mélée, n. mapigano.

Moellifiuous, a. (maneno) laini kama
maji, -tamu kama asali.

Mellow, a. -b1v, -ororo, laini, -zuri.

Melodious, a. -a sauti tamu, -a
sauti sa kulingana visurs.

Melodrama, n. [mcheso wa kustmu-
lia hadith? pamoja na kuimbato}.

Melodramatic, a. -¢ Melodrama;
(pretended, unreal) -a kujifanya,
janja, -Wongo.

Melody, n. [sauti tamu za kufua-
tana}; (music) mgoma, uimbo, ma-
Juatano ya sauti,

MENAGERIE

Melon, n. tikiti (ma-).

Melt, v. yeyusha, (neut.) yeyuka;
(be absorbed, fade) nywewa, fifa ;
(move to pity) Aa .Auruma;
(smooth) /aiméska, (neut.) latntka.

Member, n. (of body) sekemu, kiu-
ngo, mkono, mguu; (ofa whole) se-
hemu, kipande, nussu; (of a com-
pany, society, &c.) miu, mwana,
mshiriki. Member of Parliament,
M.P., (mtu wa baraza kuu la Wa-
ingereza |.

Membership, n. halts ya kuwa
Member, usharika, kuwa mtu wa
chama.

Membrane, n. gost ya kutanda
(tama ufupa kidogo |, utandu.

Memento, n. ukumbusho, kumbu-
kumbu

Memoir, n. (kitabu kidogo chenyi
habari ya maisha ya mlu mare-
hemu ao ya kasi ya waalimu);
tarihi, habari.

Memorable, a. -kubwa, -a sifa, -a
kukumbukwa, mashuhuri.

Memorandum, n. hati, taarifu,
ukumbusho, chet. .

Memorial, n. kumbukumbu, uku-
mbusho; (written) hati yenyi mala-
lamtko, maombi, haja.

Memorialist, n. mfoa Memorial
(written).

Memorialize, v. oa Memorial.

Memory, n. ufahamu, ukumbuko,
kukumbuka, akili, ufahamifu;
(past events) mambo yaliyokwisha
kuwa, yaliyopita. Repeat from
memory, sema kwa akili [kwa
moyo), kariri. Keep in memory,

Aa moyoni, kumbuka. Not in the
memory of man, Zangu zamani
sana, st siku sefu. Within living
memory, siku hest, siku sete.

Men, pi. ya Man.

Menace, v. ogofya, kamta, tia hofu,
tisha, taka kuja, taka kuumiza. —

—— n. ogofya (ma-], tisho [ma-]}
makamo.

Menagerie, n. (Zamasha, ndio jamii
ya nyama sa mwitu satembeswa

katika vitundu mahali mahali).

MEND
Mend, v. tengenesa, fanyiza; (get

better) pona, pata hajambo; (in
character) Zulta, ongoka.
Mendacious, a. -wongo, -janja.
Mendacity, n. wanja, wswongo,
udanganyifu.
Mendicant, n. maskini, fakiri,
mwombaji.

Mendicity, n. kali ya Mendicant.

Menial, n. #mfumishi.

a. -a mtumishi, -nyonge, -baya.

Menstruate, v. -wa na hetht, ingia
mwezini, ingia damuni.

Menstruation, Menses, n. eth,
mwezi, damu.

Mensuration, n. mpimo, maarifa
ya kupima.

Mental, a. -a akili, -a moyoni.

Mention, n. kumbukumbu, kutaja,
kunena, habari, taarifu.

—v. faja, nena, semea. Not to
mention, cha ya, sembuse.

Mentor, n. mshauri, mwongozi.

Mephitic, a. -4 uvundu, -a kunuka.

Mercantile, a. -a biashara,-a mambo
ya biashara, -a kufanya biashara.

Mercenary, a. -@ mshahara, -a ku-
taka fayida, -a tamaa, -a biashara.
For mercenary ends, kwa kutafuta
fayida.

n.| asikari mgeni wa mshahara).

Mercer, n. mwuza nguo | za hariri,
za pamba, sa manyoya, &c. |.

Merchandise, n. btthaa, biashara,
mati.

Merchant,n. mfanyi biashara | wa-|),
tajiri [ma-].

Merchantman, n. merikebu ya kazi
ya btthaa), kamali.

Merciful, a. -a rehema, -a huruma,
pole, -ema.

Merciless, a. -kali, -korofi, pasipo
rehema, billa huruma.

Mercurial, a. -tukutu,-cheshi, - geuzi,
hafifu.

Mercury, n. sebakh ; (planet) (sayari
‘moja karibu na jua).

Mercy, n. rehema, huruma, upole,
wema; (pardon) masamaha, kua-
chila. Beg for mercy, /a/ama,
lalamika. Mercy! mercy! bassi /

288

MESS

bassi! Be at the mercy of, ¢##shwa

Na, -wa chini ya. Sisters of Mercy,

(waanake wata'wa wa chama ta-

katifu |.

Mercy-seat, n. | kiseliri cha sandu-
ku takatifu ya Wayahudi, ma-
hali aketipo Muungu Mwamuzi).

Mere, a. -fupu, tu, halisi.

—— n. ziwa la maji.

Merely, adv. f4.

Meretricious, a. -a ubembe, -a kuji-
Jahirisha, -a umalidadi, -a kuta-
manisha, -a kudanganya.

Merge, v. chovya, zamisha, tosa;
(neut.) nywewa, geuka.

Meridian, n. (noon) athkthuuri, jua
kitwant; (highest point, best state)
upeo, kipeo, usitawi; [mstart wa
toka kaskazini hatia kusini). First
Meridian, Meridian of Greenwich,
start wa kaskazini na kusini
upilao penyi Greenwich karibu na
London).

Merino, n. [wguo ya sufi) merino,
Aaneli.

Merit, n. uswahili, labia nzuri, sifa
njema,uzuri,ajara ; (good service)
Jathth, matendo mema, kazi njema.

—— v. stahili, stahikt. He merits
it, mi haki yake, yamstahils.

Meritorious, a. -a kustahili, -a sifa
njema.

Merman, Mermaid, n. kizuka (cha
bakari, nussu mtu nussu samaki,
ilivyobunika na watu wa zaman: |).

Merriment, n. furaha, macheko,
ukunjufu.

Merry, a. -chekeshaji, -a furaha.

Merry-thought, n. | mfupa wa kuku,
ubambo (%)}.

Mesh, n./tcho[ macho |/a wavu, wave.

Mesmeric, a. -4 Mesmerism.

Mesmerism, n. [#umtia mtu kama
usingizi wa kufanya vyovyote asi-
Jue afanyayo).

Mesmerize, v. fanya Mesmerism.

Meas, n. takataka; (complication,

difficulty) matata, uthia, fujo, ki-

fujo; (meal) chakula, mlo, posho;

(meal in common) [amit ya

watu wanaokula pamoja |, chakula

MESS

cha bia, kikoa. Here's a pretty
mess, matata hayo barabara.

Mess, v. -da bia, -la kikoa; (make
a mess of) chafua, boruga.

Message, n. maneno, habari, taa-
rifu, agizo; (written) waraka,
barua, cheti.

Messenger, n. mjumbe (wa-), tume.

Messiah, n. Masiya, Masiha, Kristu.

Messianie, a. -4 Masiya, -enyi
habari ya Masiya.

Messamate,n.mwensi (wa-| wa kula
pamoja, mwenzi wa bia (kikoa |.

Met, p.t. na pf. t. ya Meet.

Metal, n. madini,

Metallic, a. -a madini, kama ma-
dini.

Metalliferous, a. (rocks, &c.) -enyz
madini ndani yake.

Metallurgy, n. | kasi na maarifa ya
kufanyiza madini).

Metamorphic, a. (rocks, &c.) [-doge-
uzwa asili yao kwa moto na kusht-
ndiliwa|.

Metamorphose, v. gusa, badili.

Metamorphosis, n. ubadili, kugeuka.

Metaphor, n. mfano wa maneno,
methali.

Metaphorical, a. -enyi Metaphor,
-enyt fumbo, -a mfano.

Metaphysical, a. -2a Metaphysics.

Metaphysician, n. mwalimu wa
Metaphysics.

Metaphysios, n. (elimu ya asili ya
vitu vyote, vilivyo halisi, si kwa
kuoneka, elimu ya chimbuko na
asili ya elimu zote |.

Mete, v. pima, hesabu.

Metempsychosis, n. | kuhama roho
mwili kwa mwili, mwili ukifa
voho kuuhamia mwingine).

Meteor, n. (nyota ya ghdfala yenyi
mwendo), kimwondo (vt-].

Meteorio. a. -4 Meteor.

Meteorolite, n. jzwe litokalo Meteor.

Meteorology, n. (maarifa ya hewa
na anga na mambo yake |.

Meter, n. (chombo cha -kupimia |.

Methinks, v. nathan.

Method, n. (system, order) staratibu,
madaraka, kawaida, desturi; (way,

239

MIOTURITION

plan) shauri, njia. He acts by
method, atenda kwa akili, afuata
shauri.

Methodio, 2. -<nyi Method.

Methodism, n. mathehebu za Me-
thodist.

Methodist, n. (mfuasi wa John
Wesley Mwingereza ).

Methodistical, a. -a Methodist,
kama Methodist.

Methodize, v. shika Method, fuata
shauri, tengeneza kwa akili.

Methought, v. salithani,

Metre, n. (kawaida linganifu ya
sauti sa maneno katika mashairi
na nyimbo; ginsi ya uimbo, ao
utenst; (as a measure) kipimo cha
kifransa, kama wart moja (inches
393).

Metric, Metrical, a. -¢ Metre.

Metronome, n. (kipande cha husa-
wasisha saute katika kuimba ao
kupiga ngoma, kinanda, &c.}.

Metropolis, n. (mji mkuu wainchi).

Metropolitan, a. -2 Metropolis;
askofu wa Metropolis [mwenyi
heshima kuliko wangine |.

Mettle, n. (disposition) moyo, tabia;
(energy, spirit) wepesi, bidi, moyo
mkuu. Put on his mettle, amsha,
tia bidit, kasirisha, chomesha.

Mew, v. (fasten up) funga, funga
pid ; (of sound) Za (kama pa-
ka).

Mews, n. masisi ya frasi, banda.

Miasma, n. hewa mbaya | ya kuleta
ugonjwa |.

Mica, n. (| szwe la kumetameta), mavi
ya nyota.

Mice, pl. ya Mouse.

Michaelmas, n. | siku kuu ya Mikael,
malaika mkuu (Sept. 29))J.

Microcosm, n. (ulimwengu mdogo,
mfano wa ulimwengu, mtu}.

Micrometer, n. [durabint ya ku-
pimia vidogo|.

Microscope, n. (durabimi ya kuta-
zamta vidopo |.

Microscopic, a. -a Mieroscope ;
-dogo mno.

Micturition, n. kukojoa.

MID

Mid, a. -a kati. Midday, aththuurt,
zua kitwant, saa a sita ya mchana.
Middle, n. za a. katt, -a kati,
wastani ; (of body) mwili wa katt,
tumbo. Middle finger, kidole cha
kati [cha chokaa). Middle ages,
(wakati wa A.D. 450-A. D. 1450].
Middle-aged, a. [-enyi umri wa
katt ya miaka 30-50 |, -sinta.
Middleman, n. mjumbe | wa-), wa-
kili (ma-), mchurust | wa-), dalals.
Middlemost, a. -a kati kabisa, -a
kafinakati.
Middling, a. -a katikati; (moderate)
-a kadiri, kadiri, wastani.
Midge, n. usubi, mbu ndogo.
Midland, a. -a kati ya inchi, -a
barra, -a inchi za juu (sa nyuma|.
Midnight, n. usiku wa manane,
katt ya usiku, saa a sita ya usiku.
Midriff, n. pasta (la tumboni).
Midshipman, n. (akida mwana-
funzi katika manowari, afsa
mdo,

go).

Midst,n. In the midst, kati, beina.

Midsummer, n. musimi, siku za
jua kati.

Midwife,n. msalisha [wa-), mkunga
[wa-]}.

Midwifery, n. uzalishi, ukunga.

Mion, n. sura, Umbo, uso.

Might, n. sweso, nguvu, enzi;
(energy) nguvu, bidii,

p. t. ya May.

Mightiness, n. uweso, ukuu, nguvu.

Mighty, a. -eny: Might.

Mignonette, n. | wa dogo la kunukia
sana).

Migrate, v. kama, enda mahali
pangine.

Migration, n. kuhama.

Migratory, a. (-a kuhama na kurudi
killa mwaka, -a kuhama mahali
mahali, -a kupotea).

Milch, a. -enyi kuloa maziwa, -a
kukama

“Mild, a. -pole, laini, -tamu, thaifu,
kidogo. A mild attack of fever,
koma kidogo. A mild medicine,
dawa si kali.

Mildew, n. kawa.

240

MILLIONAIRE

Mildness, n. ufole, ulaini.

Mile, n. | matiti, mwendo wa robo saa,
wari 1760, kama hatua cifu
mbili).

Milestone, n. (majiwe kando la njia,
ya kuonya urefu wake}.

Militant, a. -a kupigana, -a vitani,
-a kutaka vita. Church militant,
(| Wamasthiya waliopo hapa duni-
ant ndio vitani, hawajapata raha
ndio peponi (church triumphant) }.

Military, a. -@ asikari, -a vita, -a
kupigana.

Militate, v. fanya vita; (differ) -wa
mbali, -wa upande mwingine, -wa
St sawa, si patana.

Militia, n. | yzamis ya asikari wenyi
kukaa kwao, na kuilinda inchi
yao).

Milk, n. masiwa; (curdled) masiwa

mabivu. Buttermilk, mfindi. Con-
densed milk, masiwa ya kopo.

— v. kama; (get profit from)
Sayidia, teka.

Milkman, n. mkamishi (wa-). Be
a milkman, kamisha ngombe.

Milksop, n. mjinga, hafifu, mzusu,
barathuls.

Milky, a. kama maszsiwa. Milky
way, | nyota zile ndogo nyingi sana
pamoja, kama wingu jeupe kali ya
mbingu usiku|.

Mill, n. kinu (vi-), banda la vinu;

(= Manufactory). Flour mill,
kinu cha kusagia ng'ano. Sugar
mill, kinu cha kuponda miwa.

Steam mill, Anu cha moshi. Oil
mill, kinu cha kushindikia, shindi-
kizo.

Millennium, n. muda wa mtaka elfu;
(siku za raha, Isa Masiya ataka-
-pomilihi katika dunia).

Miller, n. msimamis: wa Mill.

Millet, n. mtama. Millet stalks,
bua [ma-}.

Milliner, n. mshona nguo [sa wa-
anake |.

Million, n. elfu marra elfu, lakki
kumi, 1,000,000.

Millionaire, n. mwenyi mals nyingi
mno, tajiri mkuu.

MILLIPEDE

Millipede, n. jongoo.

Millrace, n. | mkondo wa maji uende-
shao kazi ya Mill}.

Millstone, n. swe la kusagia.

Millwright, n. fundi wa kutengeneza
Mill.

Milt, n. (mbegu ya samaki |).

Mime, n. (mchezo kama unyago,
mehest \. |

Mimic, v. zga, thihaki.

——, Mimetic, a. -a kuiga.

Mimicry, n. mwigo, thihaka.

Minaret, n. mnara [mt-,wa moskiti |.

Mince, v. kafa vipande vidogo; (of
speech) foa kidogo kidogo, nena
kitembe | st wazi |; (of gait) kwenda
kwa hatua ndogo, piga madaha.

n. (mince-meat) (nyama iliyo-
katwa vidogovidogo |.

Mind, n. moyo, akili, nia, roho.
Bear (keep) in mind, kumbuka.
Have a mind, Have a great mind,
taka, nia, lekea. Make up one's
mind, asimu, kusudia, jifunga,
kaza shauri. Call to mind, faha-
mu, kumbuka. Bring to mind,
Putin mind, kumbusha, fahamisha.
It is to my mind, énanipendeza.

v. (observe, watch) angalia,
kumbuka, tunza; (attend to) shika,
Jitia katika, angalia ; (obey) sikia,
#::; (take to heart) weka moyoni,
onea uchungu |huzuni). Never
mind, hkatthuru, mamoja, kunra-
thi. Mind you do it, #sikose ku-
fanya; (inletters) al/a alla. Mind!
Mind yourself! 7#kathari! I donot
mind, mamoja kwangu.

Mindful, a. -angalifu, -fahamifu.
Mine, a. -angu, -angu mimi.
n. (pit) shimo, chimbo (ma-, la
kufukulia mawe, madini, makaa,
&c.; (explosive) shimo la kupe-
myezea baruti chini ya kitu, kusudi
kukivunja; (submarine) pipa la
baruti baharini chini, la kuvunja
merikebu zikipita); (great store)
akiba kubwa, wingi.

v. fanya Mine, fukua chini.

241

MINOR

Mineral, n. jiwe, mawe; | kitu kisicho
mmea wala mnyama|.

a. -@ mawe, |-a vitu vitokavyo
katika mawe).

Mineralogy, n. e/imu ya Minerals
[ya mawe mojamoja).

Mingle, v. changanya, unga, unga-
nisha, tia pamoja; (neut.) changa-
nyika, kutanika.

Mingling, n. mchanganyo, mkutano.

Miniature, n. sanamu ndogo ya ra-
ngi, taswira ndogo, mfano mdogo.
In miniature, sawa sawa lakini
-dogo, kwa vidogo.

Minin, n. (kipimo kidogo cha dawa,
tone moja; (in music) kipimo ki-
dogo cha sauti).

Minimize,v. funguzia sifa, rahisisha,
tweza, ona si kitu, tharau.

Minimun, n. na a. -a mwisho | kwa
kuwa -dogo|, -dogo sana, kadiri
ndogo, -a kwisha.

Mining, n. | kazi ya kufanyiza Mine
ao ya ndani yake|.

Minion, n. kipenzi ; (flatterer) msifu,
mjipendekeza vibaya.

Minister, n. (of state) waziri [ma-},

barozi |(ma-), mjumbe wa serkali,
mtu mkubwa wa serkali ; (of reli-
gion) padre |ma-), kasisi [ma-];
(preacher) katibu [ma-]; (of a
mosque) mwalimu | wa-|, imamu;
(servant) mtumishi | wa-), mjumbe,
mhudumu, mngoje.

v. ngojea, tumikia, -wa -tumi-
shi ; (supply) zoa, letea.

Ministerial, a. -a Minister; (help-
ing) -a kufaa, -a kusayidia.

Ministration, n. utumshi, msaada.

Ministry, n. (kazi ya Minister;
jamii ya mawaziri wa mfalme,
serkali; jamii ya mapadre wa
kanisa, kasi ya mapadre, Uhudumu
Mtakatifu wa kanisa, wangoje wa
dini); (service, means) matumishz,
njia, ungoje, huduma.

Minnow,n. Lamaki maogo wa mito).

Minor, a. (lesser) -dogo, hafifu, -a
chini.

Miner, n. (kibarua atendaye kazi) — n. [astyepata umri wa miaka

katika Mine}, mchimbaji | wa- |.

asharini na mmoja |, mtoto.
R

MINORITY 242

Minority, n. ali ya Minor; (smaller
number) wachache, walio wacha-
che. Ina minority, -chache, -enyt
wafuasi wachache.

Minster, n. kanisa kubwa.

Minstrel, n. mwimbaji, mtunga ma-
shairi, mpige kinubi | zeze, ngoma,
&c

Minstrelsy, n. kazi ya Minstrel,
nyimbo, mashairi.

Mint, n. (nyumba ya kufanyiza fetha,
kupiga chapa sarafu); (abundance)
wingi, neema; (plant) zana.

Minuet, n. [mgoma moja ya kizungu
zamant |.

Minus, prep. (without) sassa, kdsoro,
pasipo. Minus sign, (alama ya
kutoa ao kuondoa, ndio hit —\.

Minute, a. -dogo sana, -embamba
sana, -dogo-dogo; (exact) halisi,
barabara; (trifling) kafifu; (exact-
ing, precise) -a kutaka usahihi
(halisi, usawa, utaratibu, &c.}.

n. (sehemu ya settini ya saa moja)
dakika; (short time) kitambo,
kipindi, muda mdogo ; (note) uku-
mbusho wa mambo, tariht, taarifu,
cheli. Minute-gun, (mzinga uki-
pigwa kimojamoja wa kuashiria
msiba na kutaka shime). Minute-
hand, (mkono mrefu wa saa). In
a minute, karibu, sasa hivi, marra.
Wait a minute, ngoja kidogo, bado
kwanza.

Minutiae, n. mambo madogo.

Minx, n. (mtoto wa kike asiye na
adabu), mjuvi, mtukutu |mwa-
namke).

Miracle, n. | jambo geni lisilo na
kifani, wala kwa kawaida ya
viumbe vyote, lisilo la ulimwengu
huu), mwujiza ( mi-), ajabu | ma-|.

Miraculous, a. -4 Miracle, ajabu
sana.

Mirage, n. (madanganyo ya macho,
vilu vikionekana ginsi Visivyo).

Mire, n. /ope, matope, takataka.

Mirror, n.kioo | cha kujitasamia uso),

Mirth, n. macheko, furaha, michezo.

Mirthful, a. -a macheko, &c.

Miry, a. -a matope mengi.

| MISCONCEIVE

Misadventure, n. msiba [mi-], ja-
mbo baya, hasara, shari. By mis-
adventure, kwa bahali (mbaya),
kwa nasibu. y

Misanthrope, n. (mwenyi kuchu-
kia waanadamu wenziwe, mkaa
pweke |.

Misanthropic, a. -4 Misanthrope.

Misanthropy, n. kali ya Misan-
thrope.

Misapplication, n: kutumia vibaya,
&c,

Misapply, v. Zumia vibaya, kosea,
poteza, tupa.

Misapprehend, v. kosa kufahamu
vema, kosea maana.

Misapprehension, n. kukosea maa-
na, Sec.

Misappropriate, v. (waa si kwa haki,
tumia vibaya, iba.

Misappropriation, n. kukwaa isivyo
haki, &c.

Misbecome, Vv. si faa (stahili, &c.].

Misbehave, v. kosa adabu, kosa.

Misbehaviour, n. matendo mabaya,
makosa, ubaya. j

Miscalculate, v. #esabu wibaya,
kosea hesabu, si angalia vema.

Miscalculation, n. kutesabu vibaya,
Gcc.

Miscall, v. faja vibaya, kosea jina.

Miscarriage, n. kuharibu mimba;
(failure) kosa, ukosefu, msiba.

Miscarry, v. fokea vibaya, haribika,
koseka, kosa kupata, si fika; (of
birth) karibu mimba. The letter
miscarried, barua haikufika.

Miscellaneous, a. -0 -of¢, -a vyovyote,
-a mambo mengi; (inferior) -a ovyo,
-a vivi hivi, -atakataka. Makea
miscellaneous heap or collection of,
panganya.

Miscellany, n. kitabu cha mambo
mengi, machanganytko, takataka.

Mischance, n. msiba, ndege mbaya.

Mischief, n. mathara, ukarabu,
utundu; (loss) hasara, shari.

Mischievous, a. -harabu, -tundu,
-potevu, -baya, -tirirs.

Misconceive, v. kosa kufahamu
vema, —

MISCONCEPTION

Misconception, n. kosa (Za akili),
kutofahamu vema.

Misconduct, n. kufenda mabaya,
makosa, ubaya.

v. tengeneza |simamia) vibaya.
Misconduct oneself, Zenda mabaya.

Misconstruotion, n. kukosea maana.

Misconstrue, v. kosa kuelewa vema,
kosea maana,

Miscreant, n. mfu mbaya kabisa, baa.

Misdate, v. kosea tarthi.

Misdeed, n. Zendo baya (ma-), kosa
[ma-}.

Misdemeanour, n. kosa | ma-|.
Misdirect, v. poleza shauri, ongoza
[ peleka\ vibaya, zulisha, zuzua.
Misdirection, n. shauri baya, kua-

rifiwa vibaya, mazulio.

Miser, n. bakhili, mtu wa choyo,
[awekaye mali asizitumie |.

Miserable, a. masikini, -enyi hu-
suni; (in bad condition) -enyi
hals mbaya, -nyonge, hafifu.

Miserly, a. -4 Miser.

Misery, n. shidda, mashaka, taabu,
umasikini, kuzuni kuu, hali mbaya
sana.

Misfit, n. (wazi lililokoseka cheo,
lisilofanyika sawa, lisilofaa |.

Misfortune, n. msiba (mi-), taabu;
(loss) Aasara, shari.

Misgiving, n. mashaka, waswast,
tashwesht, kusita.

Misgovern, v. tawala vibaya.

Misgovernment, n. sufawala vi-
baya.

Misguided, a. -kosefu wa njia (wa
shauri, wa maana),.

Mishap, n. = Misfortune.

Misinform, v. arifu vibdava, simulia
uwongo. I was misinformed, siku-
ambiwa vema.

.Misjudge, v. kosa kusikia (kuthania,
kuhukumia | vema, kosea.

Mislay, v. (p.t. #a pf. t. Mislaid)
weka pasipofaa, potewa na.

Mislead, v. (p. t. za pf.t. Misled) =
Misdirect.

Mismanage, V. ongoza vibaya, haribu
madaraka ao taratibu, chafua.

Misname, v. = Miscall.

248

MISSIVE

Misnomer, n. jina lisilofaa | kosefu,
baya |.

Misogynist, n. (mwenyi kuchukia
waanake wote |.

Misplace, v. = Mislay.

Misprinut, n. kosa [la kupiga chapa .
kitabuni). ; Piga EP
Mispronounce, v. kosea tamko
[saute ya neno), st tam'ka vema.
Mispronunciation, n. kufam'ka vi-

baya.

Misquotation, n. wkosefu wa
Quotation ( 7as. Misquote’.

Misquote, v. (kosa kutumia halisi
ushahidi wa, geuza maneno ya).

Misrepresent, v. kosa kueleza vema,
geuza habari ya, singtzta,

Misrepresentation, n. maarifa
(kabari) ya uwongo, masingizio.

Misrule, n. = Misgovernment ;
(disorder) wthia, fitina.

Miss, n.( jina la kumnena na kumw-
ambia kijana mwanamke asiyeo-
lewa), bibi; (failure to hit) kosa
la shebaha, kukosa kupata, kuepea.

— v. kosa shebaha, kosa kupiga
tupata), epea; (pass over) ruka,
pitta; (feel loss of) jutia, onea
majuto, kumbuka kwa uchungu,
sikitikia, lilia; (want) taka, hitaji.

Missal, n. | kitabu cha sala sa Usha-
rika Mtakatifu).

Misshapen, a.
umbuka.

Missile, n. (kifu cha kutupa kama
mshale, mkuki, mawe, &c. |.

Missing, a. -szofo. It is missing,
[exayotakwa| haiko.

Mission, n. (kufuma (kutumwa)
kwa kazt fullane| ujumbe, utume,
upelekwa ; (errand) kazi, maagizo;
amii ya Missionaries }.

Missionary, n. [miu mwenyi kazi
ya kuieneza anjili kwao wastoijua
ao waswiangalia vema), mpelekwa
[wa-], mjumbe | wa- |.

Missis, n. (neno la kumnena mwa-
namke aliyeolewa, pamoja na jina
lake, huandikwa Mra. (fullani) |,
bibi,

-enyt makombo, -lio-

| Missive, n. waraka, barua, taarifu.

R2

“MISSPELL 244

Misspeli, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Misspelt)
(kosa kuendeleza vema harufu).
Misspend,v.(p.t.na pf.t.Misspent)
poteza, tumia vibaya, fuja.
Misstate, v. kosa kunena | kueleza)

. vema.

Misstatement, n. maarifa ya uwo-
ngo, habari za uwongo, si kweli.

Mist, n. ukungu, umande.

Mistake, n. kosa [ma-], si kusudi,
kosa tu.

—— v. (p. t. Mistook, pf. t. Mis-
taken) kosea, thanta uwongo | kwa
kukosea kweli), ona ndivyo lakini
kweli sivyo, st fahamu vema. 1
mistook him for athief,nalimthania
yu mwizi kumbe sivyo. 1 mistook
your meaning, sikufahamu vyema
maneno yako.

Mister, n. (sina la kumnena mta
kwa heshima pamoja na jina lake

- huandikwa Mr. ( fullanz)\, bwana.

Mistranslate, v. fasiri vibaya, kosea
maana.

Mistress, n. (of house) 5262, mwana,
mwenyeji; (of heart) mchumba ;

. (concubine) kinyumba, suria[ ma-),
hawaa; (ruler) mkuu, mtawala.

Mistrust, n. kutoamini, kutotegemea,
kuonea mashaka, kuthania ma-
baya, shuku.

—— v. -wa na Mistrust.

Mistrustful, a. -enyi Mistrust,
-shuku.

Misty, a. -a ukungu, -a umande;
(obscure) si wazi, st thahtre.

Misunderstand, v. kosa kufahamu,
kosa kuelewa maana.

Misunderstanding, n. kukosea ma-
ana, kutosikia vema, kosa.

Misuse, v. tumza vibaya (si kama
ipasavyo).

n. matumizi mabaya.

Mite, n. | kidudu kidogo sana}; (coin)
robo pesa.

Mitigate, v. punguza, tuliza, nya-
mazisha.

Mitigation, n. kipunguo, kupungu-
za, &e. (Taz. Mitigate).

Mitre, n. kofia ya kiaskofu.

Miz, v. changanya, (neut.) changa-

MODEST

nyika, changamana na; (stir) bo-
Muga.

Mixture, n. mchanganyo, mchanga-
nytko; (medical) dawa | ya ku-
nywa|.

Mizzen-mast, n. mlingote wa kalmi
[wa nyuma).

Mnemonies, n. [elimu ya kujifaha-
misha upesi mambo, tarthi, &c.}.

Moan, v. ugua, lia.

— n. kilio [vi-].

Moat, n.[shimo refu lenyi maji nje ya
boma), handaki yenyi maji, mto.
Mob, n. watu, wafu wengi, wate
wenyi makelele, ghastya ya watu,

makutano mabaya.

— v. fanyia jeuri.

Mobile, a. -cpesi kugeuka | kujongea
huko na huko), -enyi mwendo.

Mobility, n. wepesi wa kugeuka,
mwendo.

Mobilise, v. kusanya (astkari ao ba-
haria, tayari kwenda vitani).

Mock, v. tga, thihaki, cheka;
(triumph over) simanga.

a. -a kuiga, -a mzaha.

Mockery, n. mwigo, thihaka, usi-
manga.

Mode, n. ginsi, namna, njia, desturi,
kawaida, kanuni.

Model, n. mfano, kifani, kielezo,
chelezo; (perfect example) kipeo,
kitu kikamilifu, kitu kizuri sana,
namna ya Uzuri.

— v. [ fanyiza ao tengeneza kwa
kufuasa namna ao kwa kuiga
mwingine), fanya mfano.

Moderate, v. zuza, tuliza, simamia,
punguza, tia kiasi, simua.

a. -pole, -a kiasi, -a kadiri,
wastant..

Moderation, n. kiasi, kadri, utara-
tibu, upole.

Modern, a. -a siku hizi, -a kisasa,
-a zamani zetu, -pya, -geni.

Modernism, n. (mamna ya sasa,
kipya si kikale), kizushi, kisasa. '

Modernise, v. fanyiza kwa desturi
sa siku hizi, geuza vipya.

Modest, a. -enyi haya, -enyi adabu,
-enyt kiasi, -dogo.

MODESTY

Modesty, n. kaya, adabu..

Modicum, n. kidogo, nussu.

Modification, n. ugeuzi [ma-], uba-
dili (ma-], matengenezo.

Modify, v. geuza, badilisha, tenge-
meza, vuta.

Modulate, v. geuza sauti.

Modulation, n. geuzi wa sadi.

Modulator, n. kanuni ya kugeuzia
sauli.

Mohair, n. | manyoya ya mbuzi ma-
zuri sana|.

Mohammedan, a: -islamu, -a ktis-
lamu.

Mohammedanism, n.
Waisfamw, Islamu.

Moiety, n. nussu, kidogo.

Moist, a. -@ maji, chepechepe, -a
kulowa, -enyt rutuba. A moist
atmosphere, umande mwingi.

Moisten, v. a maji kidogo, lowesha,
rutubisha,

Moisture, n. maji, rutuba.

Molar, a. {sino la nyuma, la kuta-

| funia chakula), chego | ma-).

Molasses, n. | machujo ya asalt],

Mole, n. (spot) A:waa (cheusi;
(animal) nyama mdogo wa kufu-
kua chini; (breakwater) boma
la mawe majini la kuzuia mawi-
mbi). ;

Molecular, a. -4 Molecule. |

Molecule, n. kipande kidogo mao,
chembe.

Molest, v. sumbua, uthi, chokoza.

Molestation, n. usumbuo [ma-],
uthia.

Mollify, v. tuliza, punguza, rithisha,
bembeleza.

Mollusc, n.( pl. Mollusca) (univalve)
konokono | ma-\; (bivalve) kombe
[ ma-}.

Molten, a. -a kuyeyusha, -lHoyeyuka,

Mombasa, n. Mvita, Mombasa.

Moment, n. dakika, kitambo kidogo,
kope la juu na chini; (velocity)
mwendo, nguvu ya kwenda; (im-
portance) maana, ukuu, thamani.,

Momentary, a. -4 marra moja.

Momentous, a. -2 maana sana,

> kubwa, -kuu, -enyi habari kubwa.

dini. ya

245

" MONOLITH.

Momentum, n. nguvu ya kwenda;
mwendo.

Monad, n. kama Molecule.

Monarch, n. mfalme [wa-], sultani
[wa-]|, mjumbe Taa)

Monarchical, a. -a mfalme, -a kuta-
wala mtu mmoja.

Monarchy, n. ufawalawa mtu mmo-
ja, ufalme. Limited monarchy,
[4ucawala mfalme kwa shauri la
wakubwa, ao la watu wake |.

Monastery, n. nyumba ya Monks.

Monastic, a. -@ Monks.

Monasticism, a. maisha na desturi
za Monks,

Monday, n. juma a tatu,

Monetary, a. -2 mambo ya fetha. _

Money, n. fetha, pesa, sarafu;
(wealth) utajiri, mali.

Money-broker, Money-changer,
n. mbadili fetha, mvunja fetha.

Moneyed, a. -enyi mali, -tajirt.

Money-lender, n. mda riba, mtoa
riba. j

Money-lending, n. kula riba, kutoa
riba.

Mongrel, a. (mnyama) wa mbegu
mbili, -baya, -ltoharibika.

Monition, n. onyo [ma-], shauri
aza). j

Monitor, n. mshauri; (in schools)
msimamizi.

Monitorial, a. -4 Monitor.

Monk, n. [mtu ajitengaye na mambo
ya dunia apate kuzidi kujifunga
kwa mambo ya dint, akikaa nyt-
mbani (Monastery) pamoja na
wangine chini ya mkuu (Abbot) |),
mta wa (wa-], sufi.

Monkery, n. [halt ao desturi ya
Monks), —

Monkey, n. (kinds of) kima, mbega,
tumbili; (large) nyani [ma-]. -
Monkish, a. -2 Monk. ji
Monogamy, n. (salt ao desturi ya

kuwa na mke mmoja tu).

Monogram, n. (chapa lenyi harufu
zimechanganyika pamoja |.

Monograph, n. | kitabu chenyi ha-
bari cha kitu kimoja tu|,

Monolith, n. (nguzo ya jiwe moja).

MONOLOGUE

Monologue, n. [maneno ya mtu
mmoja akisema peke yake |.

Monomania, n. | kupotewa akili juu
yaneno moja lu, wazimo wa nussu |.

Monopolize, v. miliki -ote, jipatia
-ote, jitumilia -ole | pasiposhariki
mwingine).

Monopoly, n. (in general) kumiliki
-ote, jipatia -ole, jitumilia -ote;
(commercial) (ruhusa ao ngu-
vu ao haki ya kuuza na kununua
bithaa fullani ao kufanya uchumi
fullani, pasipo kusharikisha wa-
ngine), peke yake | yao, &c.| hufa-
yidia, fayida ya mtu peke yake.
Get a monopoly of ivory, kumba
biashara yote ya pembe,

Monosyllabio, a. -@ Monosyllable.

Monosyllable, n. (neno la sauti
(vowel) moja].

Monotheism, n. (kwamini Muungu
Mmoja tu).

Monotone, n. [sauté moja tsiyobadi-
lika), uvumi.

Monotonous, a. -siohadili, -a sawa
sawa, -a kuchosha, -sumbufu.

Monotony, n. 4uwa Monotonous,
baridi, uchoshi.

Monsoon, n. (north) mausimi, kaska-
zt; (south) 4usz, demani.

Monster, n. |mnyama mkubwa mno
ajabu, kitu kikubwa ajabu |; (por-
tent) kitisho, kioja; (unnatural
object) si kama viumbe vyote;
(brutal person) mkali, mkorofi. A
monster of cruelty, namna peke yake
ya ukorofi, mkorofi mtupu peke yake.

Monstrosity, n. (kifu cha kutia
ajabu, hofu, machukio, kwa kuwa
kibaya na kigeni |, kioja.

Monstrous, a. -kubwa mno ajabu ;
(terrifying, &c.) -a kuogofya, -a
kuchukiza, -baya mno. A mon-
strous lion, Jande la simba.

Month, n. (muda wa] mwezi [mi-}.
What is the day of the month?
mwest ngapi? It is the fifth day
of the month, feo mwezi wa tano.

Monthly, a. -¢ Month, -a killa
Month. Monthly pay, msha-
hara.

246

MORAL

Monthly, n. (kitabu cha kupigwa
chapa killa mwezi |, gaseti ya mwezi.

Monument, n. kaburi; (memorial)
laguzo, mnara, &c., kwa ukumbu-
sho), ukumbusho, kumbukumbu,

Monumental, a. juu ya Monu-
ment, -a ukumbusho, -a sifa za
daima.

Mood, n. amna, ginsi; (temper)
moyo, nia, tabia,

Moody, a. -enyi moyo mzito (wa
huzuni, wa uchungu, wa chuki),
-epesi kuona hasira, -a kukata ta-
maa.

Moon,n.mwezi [mt-]. Full moon,
mwezi mkubwa | mduara, mpevu|.
New moon, mwezi mwandama.
Young moon, mwezi mchanga.

Moonbeam, n. kitanga cha mwezi.

Moon-blindness, n. kiwt.

Moonlight, Moonshine, n. mbaa-
mwezi, balamwezi.

Moonstruck, a. -emyt wazimu.

Moor, v. funganisha, tia nanga.

——, Moorland, n. nyika [ma-],
jangwa [ma-}, wangwa.

Mooring, n. kutia nanga, kufunga,
kufunganisha; (place) mahali pa
kutiananga, &c., bandari; (anchor)
nanga; (cable) amart, kamba.

Moose, n. [kama paa mkubwa sana
wa Amerika |.

Moot, v. [tolea watu neno la kubi-
shaniwa), bishania, gombania,
fanyia maneno.

Mop, n. ufagio | fagio) mrefu.

— v, sugua | futa) kwa Mop.

Mope, v. siika unyamavu, jitenga,
kaa pekee, -wa na moyo mzito.

Mopy, Mopish, Moping, a. -jz/enga,
pasipo moyo, -nyamavu, -silo wa
moyo, -kaa pekee.

Moraine, n. | fungu la mawe pato-
keapo Glacier].

Moral, a. -tnyi adili, -ema, -suri;
(pure, chaste) safi, -takatifu ;
(having moral sense, freewill)
enyi thttart, -enyi akili | ya ku-
chagua mema na mabaya); (teach-
ing morality) -enyi mafundisho
mazuri, -@ kuongoa, Make a

MORAL 247

MORTUARY

moral effort, jibidisha, jitahidi.) Morganatic marriage, n. (kwa

Use moral force (pressure), 42-
disha, shurutisha. Moral agent,
mwenyi nguvu ao akili ya kupa-
mbanua mema na mabaya|,
mwenyi thitart, Moral certainty,
[ama hakika lakini si haswa,
hakika ya kumrithisha mwenyi
akili). Moral insanity, (kwwa
kama mwenyi wazimu kwa habari
ya wema na ubaya, kulhania
mabaya ndio mema na mema ma-
baya |. Moral law, kanuni ya mema
na mabaya, amri juu ya mema na
mabaya, Be a matter of moral
obligation, asa, funga, bidi, -wa
kawaida. Moral philosophy, emu
ya Morals. Moral sense, akili ya
kuona wema na ubaya, akili ya
kibinadamu, thamiri.

Moral, n. fundisho, maana.

Morale, n. faba, moyo.

Morality, n. wema, adili, uzuri,
fathila ; (chastity) kuwa safi, usufi;
(moral science) maarifa ya wema
na ubaya; (character) Zabia, sifa.

Moralist, n. mfundishi wa Moral-
ity, mtu wa adili.

Moralize, v, ongea juu ya Wema
na ubaya; (make moral) ongoza,
adilisha, fundisha mema.

Morally, adv. kwa adili, vema;
(sufficiently, nearly) ginsi ya ku-
tosha, kama, karibu.

Morals,n.= Morality. Their morals
are low, wabaya hao, sifa zao si
njema, waasherati, wazinifu.

Morass, n. (mahali penyi maji na
matope yaliochangamana), ziwa
[ma-} baya, kinamasi.

Morbid, a. -enyi hali mbaya, si -zi-
-ma, -gonjwa | ya mwili, ya roho),
-baya, -bovu.

More, a. zayidi, tena, bado, kupita,
kuzidi, juu. A little more, punde.
More than, kuliko, zayidi ya, licha
ya. Be no more, -/a, -isha. Do
more and more, zidi kufanya.
More or less, kwa kadiri. Grow
(get, be) more and more, siaz kuwa.

Moreover, adv. kena, na.

mke asiye sawa cheo wala mwenyi
kurilhi mali sa mumewe}.

Mormon, n. (mfuasi wa ‘Joseph
Smith’ na kitabu chake|.

Morn, Morning, n. assubui, ussu-
but, subuhi; (early) affajiri, ma-
pambazuko, kucha, macho ya jua.

Morocco, n. (country) Magaribé;
(leather) ngozi [ya mbuzi) bora
sana,

Morose, a. -kalt, -pumu, -a roho
mbaya.

Moroseness, n. kuwa Morose.

Morphia, n. dawa ya afyuni.

Morris-dance, n. ngoma ya vinyago.

Morrow, n. kesho, assubui,

Morsel, n. kidogo, kikombo, kipande.

Mortal, a, (causing death) -a kufisha,
-a mauti; (liable to death) -enyz
kufa, -a kibinadamu. Mortal con-
flict, pigano la kufa ao kupona.
A mortal foe, adui haita mwisho.

— n. mwanadamu, binadamu.

Mortality, n. (death) mauti, ufu,
kifo, kufa wengi; (mortal state),
utu, hali | maisha) ya binadamu,
There was great mortality, wengi
waliokufa, mauli mengi, haribu
kubwa.

Mortar, n. (for building) chokaa;
(for pounding) kimu |ve-]; (gun)
kombora. .

Mortgage, n. rahani, amana; (docu-
ment) hati ya kuweka rahani,
wasili.

Mortification, n. kwoza ; (vexation,
&c.) uchungu, haya, huzuni; (re-
straint) ?22sha, Sc. ( Zaz. Mortify).

Mortify, v. oza; (vex, shame) /za
uchun (taya, huzuni, aibu,
ghairi |; (restrain, subdue) ‘sha,
katiza, suta, fungisha, Mortity
oneself, jirudi, jitesa, jitisha.

Mortifying, a. -a kutia uchungu, -a
huzuni, -a aibu, -a ghairi.

Mortise, n. |Zundu la kutia Tenon
(ulimi wa ubau)).

—v. unga kwa Mortise.

Mortuary, n. | chumba cha kuwekea
mayili za wafu |.

MOSAIO

248

MOURN

Mosaic, n. [sanamu ya rangi iliyo- | Motor, Motor Car, n. (gari lice

fanyizwa kwa vijiwe vyenyt rangi
mbalimbali).

Moslem, n. na a. Mwislamu, -tsla-
mu, -a Islamu.

Mosque, n. msikili, moskili, mesjid.

Mosquito, n. mbu, imbu. Mosquito
curtain, chandalua (cha kilanda).

Moss, n. (majani madogo madogo na
laini penyi maji).

Moss-trooper, n. Aaramia.

Mossy, a. -enyi Moss.

Most, a. -4ngi kupila yote, -ingi sana,
-imgt. For the most part, sama
Mostly.

—— adv. sana, kupita yote, kuliko
yote.

Mostly, adv. marra nyingi, desturi,
kwa wingi, -ingt.

Mote, n. kifu kidogo sana, uvumbi,
kitakaltaka.

Moth, n. 200ndo.

Mother, n. mama, mzazi [wa-);
(term of respectful reference)
mwana. Mother-country, z#mchi ya
kuzaliwa, kwao (kwetu, kwenu).
Mother-tongue, /Zugha ya kwao.
Mother-in-law, mkwe | wa- |. Step-
mother, mama wa kambo.

Motherhood, n. | halt ya | kuwa ma-
ma, kuwa na watoto.

Motherless, n. asipo mama, hana
mama.

Motherly, a. kama mama, -pole,
-ema,

Mother-of-pearl, n. (ubamba wa
kombe la lulu).

Motion, n. mwendo, kwenda, nguvu
ya kwenda; (mental) mia, wazo
(ma-), tamaa; (proposal) shauri,
onyo |ma-|, haja; (in medicine)
manyesi.

—— v. ashiria, pungia mkono, onya
kwa mkono.

Motive, n. (purpose) za, kusudi,
shauri; (reason) hoja, sababu,
mwanzo; (object) mwisho, niaa-

na.

Motley, Mottled, a. -4 rangi nyingi
mbalimbali, madoadoa, maraka-
raka.

ndalo kwa nguvu yake tu, haliko-
koteki |).

Motto, n. (neno lenyi maana kubwa,
maneno machache yenyi maonyo
mengi |), methali, fumbo la maneno.

Mould, n. ukungu, kawa; (for cast-
ing) kalibu ; (earth) udongo; (pat-
tern) ktolezo, namna ; (character)
tabia, moyo, chapa.

v. (in clay, &c.) finyanga, fanyi-
sa kwa udongo; (in metal) fanya
kwa madini tliyoyeyuka, subu kwa
kalibu; (form, give shape to)
tengeneza, fanyiza kwa akili.

Moulder, v. oza, chakaa, haribika na
kutu (utandu).

Moulding,n. (in masonry)asii | ny-J;
(of wood) nakshi, mchoro (mi-).
Mouldy, a. -enyz ukungu, -a kawa,

-a kuchakaa.

Moult, v. jegeua manyoya, pukutika
manyoya.

Mound, n. (earth) kisugulu, kilima
bag chungu (| ma- |; (stone) boma

ma-|.

Mount, v. panda, kwea, inuka, fika
juu, rekebu ; (put in position, com-
plete) weka vema, tengeneza, ma-
liza. Mount(a horse), panda frasi.
Mount guard, -wa miinzt, fanya
zamu (asikari |.

— n. mlima, kilima; (horse) frasi;
(card) karfa.

Mountain, n. milima (mi-), jabali
[ma-].

Mountaineer, n. mkaa milimani,
miu wa milima,

Mountainous, a. -enyi milima mi-
ngi.

Mountebank, n. ayart, mjanja.

Mounted, a. (on back) juu ya

nyama, juu ya frasi; (on card, &c.)

juu ya karta juu ya ubau, Sc.
Mounted troops, asikari wapanda
Jrasi.

Mounting, n. kupamba, mapambo,
uzuri; (going up) kupanda, Sc.
(7az. Mount, v.).

Mourn, v. /ia, huzunika, sikitika ;
(formal) kaa matanga, omboleza,

MOURNFUL 249

kaa msiba. Mourn with (join in
mourning), kani.

Mournful, a. -a husunt, -zito,

Mourning, n. kulia, huzuni; (for-
mal) matanga, maombolezo, msiba;
(dress) nguo za kuugulia, Be in
mouming, kaa matanga. Go out
of mouming, ondoa matanga.

Mouse, n. (pl. Mice) fanya mdogo.

Moustache, n. muomo [mi-], ndevu
za mdomo, sharabu.

Mouth, n. kinwa|(vi-|,kanwa|ma-|;
( entrance) mlango, pa kuingia, pa
kutokea.

—— v. (sema kwa sauti kubwa mno;
(chew) Zafunatafuna|.

Mouthful, n. (of liguid) funda;
(solid) mego.

Mouthpiece, n. mdomo [mt-], tundu
la kupulizia.

Movable, a. -enyi mwendo, -a kwe-
nda (kuendeshwa, kuchukulika,
kujongeka\; (varying) -@ kubad:-
lika, -a kucheza.

Movables, n. malt, vifaa, mapambo
[ya nyumba|.

Move, v. endesha, endeza, sogeza,
jongersa, tikisa, sukuma, sukumiza ;
badilisha mahali, hamisha, ondoa,
peleka, chukua; (influence) ongoza,
shawishi, vuta; (excite) kasirisha,
huzunisha, amsha moyo; (advise)
nena shauri; (go) enda, sogea,
tikisika, jongeka, cheza, jimudu,
Jichukua; (changeresidence) kama.
He cannot move himself, kawezi
kujimudu. Appliancesfor moving,
nyenzo.

n. mwendo ; (turn) zamu | katika
mchezo); (action) Zendo, jambo
katika vita, shughuli, kazi). He
is always on the move, kana kituo,
mhamishi huyu.

Movement, n. mwendo, mazunguko,
mabadili, tetemo, mshindo; (work-
ing) ast; (agitation) fitina, uthia,

Moving, a. -a kuendesha, -a kusu-
kuma, -enyi mwendo, -a kwenda;
(affecting) -a kutia huzuni | huru-
ma, hasira, nguvu |) moyoni.

Mow, v. (pf. t. Mown) kafa mazant.

MULE

Mower, n. mkata majani.

Mozambique, n. Msumbiji.

Much, a. -2mgt, lele, sana, neema,
marithawa. Be too much for,
kulia, shinda, Make much of,
pendelea; (exaggerate) ongeza mno,
zidisha. How much is it? (of
price) kem ? wausaje ? kiasi gant?
It is too much (costly), ghali hiz,
pesa nyingi. Much too dear, ghali
sana mno. Much more, zaidt
sana,

Mucilage, n. [Lama ute wa yayt],
maji ya kunata, kinamasi.

Muck, n. fakataka, kifusi, matakato,
lope.

Mucous membrane, n. ngozi ya
ndani | ya kinwa, pua, pafu,tumeo,
&c. ].

Mucus, n. (maji ya Mucous mem-
brane, sama Mucilage |.

Mud, n. fope, matope, kinamasi.

Muddle, v. chafua, tia fujo, tia ki-
fujo, fanya matata, changanya,
haribu. Muddle (make a mess
of) work, boronga boronga, fanya
kazi ya borongo-borongo.

n. fujo, machafuko, matata,
uthia, borongo-borongo.

Muddy, a. -a matope, -a topelope,
-enyi matope men

Muff, n. | kifu cha hufunikia mskono
ist pate Waridi); ; (tool) barathuli,
mjinga, Mzuzu.

Muffin, n. (tama hitumbua).

Muffle, v. kunjakunja katika nguo,
tia kitambaa kitwani, funika uso.

Muffler, n. | kifambaa ao nguo ya ku-
funika).

Mug, n. kopo, kikombe, mdumu.

Muggy, a. |(-a mvua na mawingu
pasipo baridi. Muggy weather,
kumetanda\.

Mulatto, n. [miu wa mbegu mbili,
nussu Mweusi nussu mweupe |.

Mulberry, n. (tree) mforsadi | mi- |);
(fruit) forsadi.

Mulct, v. toza fetha [ya kulipia
kosa), toza ukombozi, lipiza hongo,
ibia.

Mule, n. nyumbu, baghala.

MULETHER

Muleteer, n. mchunga (wa-] nyu-
mbu, baghalawala.

Mulish, a. -kaidi, -tundu,

Mull, v. pika (mvinyo, &c., kwa
sukali|).

Mullet, n. (samaki nzuri na tamu).

Mullion, n. | nguzo ya katt ya diri-
shu).

Multifarious, a. -a namna nyingi,
ingi mbalimbali.

Multiform, a. -4 namna nyingi.

Multiple, n. [Aesabu iliyo marra
fullani ya hesabu ngine|; (mani-
fold) -a vitu vingi.

Multiplex, a. -a sehemu nyingi, -a
marra nyingi.

Multiplicand, n. | tesabu ya kuzidi-
shwa).

Multiplication, n. (arithm.) Zidru-
ba, kuzidisha.

Multiplicity, n. wingi.

Multiplier, n. | jesabu ya kuzidisha).

Multiply, v. sidisha; (neut.) saz,
ongezeka.

Multitude, n. makutano, kundi
[ma-], jeshi [ma-], wingi, tele.

Multitudinous, a, -sg7, tele,

Mun, a. kimya.

Mumble, v. guna, nung’untka, ta-
mika si vema |kwa kufumba mi-
domo); (chew) mumunya.

Mummer, n. kinyago,
unyago.

Mummy, n. mumyant.

Mumps, n. (ugonjwa wa kuvimba
shingoni), matubwitubwi.

Munch, v. Zafuna.

Mundane, a. -a ulimwengu huu, -a
mambo yapitayo, -a duniani.

Mungoose, n. mchiro |wa-), ng'chi-
0.

Municipal, a. -4 Municipality.

Municipality, n. (mji wenyi liwali
wake na barasa ya wakubwa|.

Munificence, n. ukarimu, upaji.

Munificent, a. -karimu, -paji.

Munition, n. vifaa vya vita.

Mural, a. -a ukutani.

Murder, v. ua, chinja, fisha; (spoil)
haribu, vunja.

——n. uwaji (ma-].

mcheza

250

MUST

Murderer, n. muuaji (wa-].

Murderous, a. -a kuua, -a kuua
wengi, -a kiuaji, -kalt, -baya sana.

Murky, a. -a giza, -eusi.

Murmur, v. vuma (lia kama maji,
kama watu wengi wakiongeana] ;
(complain, grumble) guna, nu-
ng'unika, zomea.

—n. mlio, uvumi wa Murmur,
kivumt.

Murrain, n. (ugonjwa wa ng'ombe,
mbuzi, kondoo|.

Muscle, n. (large) chafu, tafu [ma-];
(small) mshipa [mé-]; (sinew) uka-
no [kano],

Muscular, a. -enyi nguvu ya mwili,
-enyt maungo, hodari, thabiti, -shu-

Muse, v. fikiri, kumbuka moyoni,
waza.

n. (kama malaika waliohadithi-
wa na Wayonani kulia mawazo
mazuri moyoni na kusitawisha
akili kwa kazi nsurt |.

Museum, n. | samt? ya vioja ao vitu
vyovyote vya ajabu ao vya tunu ao
vyenyi maarifa na maana ; (build-
ing) nyumba yenyi jami; hiyo),
hazina ya tunu.

Mushroom, n. kiyoga (vi-].

Music, n. ngoma, sauti | ya kinanda,
kinubi, zeze, Sc. |, sauté tamu, mlio
mzuri.

Musical, a.-a Musio. Musical box,
santurs.

Musician, n. fund: wa Music.

Musk, n. mesh.

Musket, n. bunduki ya mrao.

Musketeer, n. asikari wa Mus-
ket.

Musketry, n. mishindo ya Musket,
bunduki-bundukt ; (as an art) maa-
rifa ya kupiga bunduki.

Muslin, n. shashs.

Mussel, n. (shell-fish) ome [ma-],
kijogoo |vi-|.

Mussulman, n. Mwislamu | Wa-),
Muslimu (| Wa-|.

Must, v. (Aakuna buddi, shari, la-
zimu, yapasa). You must go, shka-
vti kwenda. I must, sina budds.

MUST

He must be honest, yampasa kuwa
amini.

Must, n. | maji ya zabibu).

Mustard, n. haradal::

Muster, v. kusanya, kutanisha, cha-
mga; (neut.) kusanyika, &c.
Muster courage, jipa moyo, thu-
butu.

n. mchango, makutano.
muster, fosha, kubalika.
Musty, a. -daya, -bovu, -lioharibika.

Mutability, n. kuwa Mutable.

Mutable, a. -a kubadilibadil:, -geust.

Mutation, n. mabadil:.

Mute, a. kimya, pasipo sauti, bubu.

Mutilate, v. sata, vunja, haribu,
hasiri ; (castrate) hasi.

Mutilation, n. mkato, mvunjo, &c.,
kuhasi.

Mutineer, n. mwasi (wa-].

Mutinous, a. -a kuasi, -a kufitini,

Mutiny, n. maasi, fitina. -

—- v. ast, kalifu.

Mutter, v. vuma, zomea, guna, nu-
ng untka.

Muttering, n. uvumi, kuguna, &c. ;
(of thunder) ngurumo.

Mutton, n. nyama ya kondoo.

Mutual, a. -a wao kwa wao, -a wote
wawili, -a wenyewe; (in verbs)
-ana. Mutual affection, mapenda-
no. Mutual agreement, mapatano.
Mutual help, ujima, kusayidiana.

Muzzle, n. [kita cha khumfungisha
nyama kanwa,kifungo cha midomo,
pele, mfuko, buyu, ukanda, &c.);
(snout) mdomo | mi-, wa nyama |.

v. zia Mussle; (silence) nya-
mazisha, fungisha, katiza.

My, a. -angu, -angu mimt.

Myriad, n. kikwi |vi-), wingi.

Myrmidons, n. | asikari wakali wa
nguvu).

Myrrh, n. manemane,

Myrtle, n. (mti mdogo kama mkara-
Juu).

Myself, pron. mimi mwenyewe, nafsi
yangu; (in comp.) -7#-. 1 dress
myself, zajzvika.

Mysterious, a. -a siri, -a fumbo,
St wazi, -@ matata, -a uchawi,

Pass

251

NAPHTHA

Mysterious utterances, kilinge cha
maneno, fumbo la maneno.

Mystery, n. sirt kubwa, siri, fumbo,
matata,

Mystic, Mystical, a. = Mysterious,

Mysticism, n. elimu ya siri | ya ku-
onya maana ya siri, ya kufundisha
yote ni kama siri |. j

Mystify, v. tatanisha, tatiza, chafua
akili, zultsha, susua.

Myth, n. ngano, hadithi; (fiction)
UWONGO.

Mythic, Mythical, a. -4 Myth,
kama Myth, st hakika, si kweli.

Mythology, n. maarifa ya Myth,

N.

Nabob, n. Zajiri wa Hindi, tajiri
[ma-].
Nadir, n. [palipo chini ya miguu
haswa (Zaz. Zenith)].
Nag, n. frasi, frasi mdogo.
Nail, n. (finger) ukucha [kucha];
(iron) msomari |mi-)j; (as a
measure) (kipimo chenyi urefu
wa kidole\. .

Nailer, n. fundi (ma-] wa kufanyiza
misomart, mfua mtsomart,

Naive, a. -nyofu, -sio na hila, kama
kitoto, -jinga.

Naivet6, n. unyofu, kweli, ujinga
wa mambo.

Naked, a. ufupu, ucht; (bare, plain)
-tupu, wazi, halisi,

Nakedness, n. #fupu, uchi, &c.

Name, n. jina (ma-|; (fame) sifa, he-
shima. What is your name? jina
lako nant? In the Name of God,
bismillah. Call names, teukana.
In name, kwa jina tu, st kweli. In
the name of, kwa ajili ya, mahali
pa, kwa amri ya.

Namely, adv. ndio, hivi, yaani.

Namesake, n. (mwenyi jina lilo hilo,
mwenyi jina sawa)|.

Nap, n. usingizi kidogo; (of cloth,
&c.) manyoya.

Nape, n. wkhost, kikosi.

Naphtha, n. (mafuta kama Ameri-
kani mepesi kuwaka |).

NAPKIN — 252

Napkin, n. kitambaa (vt-).
Narcotic, n. kileo [vi-, dawa ya
kutia usingizi hatta na kufisha).

Nard, n. | mafuta ya marashi).

Narrate, v. simulia, hubiri, toa ha-
bari, nena; (tell to) ambia.

Narrative, n. maneno, hadithi, kisa,
habari; (anecdote) hekaya.

Narrow, a. -embamba, -a kufinya,
-leofinyana, -a shidda, -dogo; (nig-
gardly) -a choyo; (in mind) -a akili
chache, -a kushika lake, -baya;
(careful, close) -a bidti, -chache
wa mayuzt.

Narrowly, adv. (with difficulty)
shidda; (with care) kwa bidi:.

Narwhal,n.[amanyamgumi mdogo).

Nasal, a. (-enyi sauti kama ya N},
-a pua, -a puani.

Nascent, a. -a kuota, -akuanza, -a
kuchanuka.

Nasty, a. -a2 kuchukiza, -a taka,
-chafu.

Natal, a. -a kuzaliwa.

—— n. (inchi kwa Kept].

Nation, n. /ai/a | ma-|).

National, a. -a faifa lote, -a watu
wote (wa inchi fullanz).

Nationalism, n. (Zabia, ao upendo,
ao mazoezi, ya tatfa fullanz).

Nationality, n. kuwa taifa, kuwa
mtu wa laifa, tabia ya taifa, taifa.
What is his nationality? mtu gani
huyu?

Nationalize, v. angisa katika taifa,
fanya taifa, fanya mali ya taifa
Lya serkali),

Native, n. mfu wa asili, mtu mweusi,
mshenzi |wa-|); (born in a place)
msalia[wa-] ; (product) kizao |vi-J.

_a. (inborn, natural, original)
-aasili; (of native country) -a kwetu

kwenu, kwao|, Native country,
enchi ya asili, kwetu, (kwenu,
kwao|.

Nativity, n. uzaliwa, siku ya ku-
zaliwa.

Natural, a. -a asili, Sc. (Tas. Na-
ture); -ake [-ao, Sc.) kalisi;
(inevitable) asipo buddi, sharti,
kanuni; (customary) kawaida,

NAUGHTINESS

desturi, kama siku zote ; (proper,
fitting) wajibu, ipasavyo, -zurt, -a
kufaa. Natural child, mwana
haramu, Natural shape, form,
constitution, &c., ast, hali ya
asili, umbo |ma-), maumbile.
Natural history, (kabari za vitu
vyote, haswa ya vitu vizima).
Natural law, kanuni, leawaida za
vitu vya ulimwengu, katiba.
Natural philosophy, elimu ya vitu
vya ulimwengu. Natural science,
maarifa ya vitu vyote. Natural se-
lection, maendeleo ya vitu vizima
(mabovu huisha, mazuri huishi).
Naturaltheology orreligion, (emu
ya ushuhuda wa viumbe kadiri
vimshuhudiavyo Muumba wao),
Natural result (conseguence, effect),
tstyo na buddi kutokea, tokeo la
farathi, lazima, kazi halisi.

Naturalism, n. (e/?mu yao wasemao,
“ viumbe viko, Muumba hakuna'|,

Naturalist, n. mwalimu wa Natural
History.

Naturalise, v. ingiza katika kabila ;
zoeza [tabia ya inchi ngine). He
is naturalized, amegeuka mtu wa
inchi, amekuwa mwenyeji, yu
kama wafu wa asili.

Naturally, adv, kwa Nature;
(easily) rahisi, sikuzote, kwa de-
sturi ; (necessarily) sharti, hakuna
buddi,

Nature, n. astlt, hali, maumbile,
katiba ; (natural appearance, shape)
umbo, hali; (kind) génsi, namna;
(world) ulimwengu, viumbe vyote,
jamii ya vitu; (habit) desturi,
kawaida, mazoezi; (mortal) moyo,
talia, Calls of nature, Aaja.
Laws of nature, utaratibu wa
ulimwengu, jambo la asili, ka-
watda ya vitu vyote, kanuni.
Nature worship, kuabudu viumbe
[ kifu kilichoumbwa ). Good nature,
upole, wema, utu mwema. Ul
nature, ukali, ubaya, ufu mbaya.

Naught, n. sz kifu, st neno, Set at
naught, tharau, aibisha, thilisha.

Naughtiness, n. ubaya, &c.

NAUGHTY

Waughty, a. -daya, -tubutu, -kaidi.

Nausea, n. kutapika, kuchafuka
moyo.

Nauseate, v. ti2 Nausea, chukiza
sana. .

Nauseous, a. -a kulia Nausea, -a
kutapisha.

Nautical, a. -a baharia, -a mambo
ya merikebu, -a kusafiri baharini.

Naval, a. -4 manowari, -a mambo
ya manowari.

Nave, n. (sehemu kubwa ya kanisa
katikali wasalipo watu|.

Navel, n. kitovu (vi-|.

Navigable, a.-a kuendeka na vyo-
mbo, -a kufaa kwenda merikebunt,

Navigate, v. pita merikebunt,ongoza
(elekeza) chombo baharini.

Navigation, n. kwenda baharini,
safari ya baharini ; (as a science)
(maarifa ya kuongoza vyombo ba-
harint, ya mambo ya merikebu),

Navigator, n. mwenyi kujua Navi-
gation, kiongozi wa chombo, na-
khotha; (pilot) rubani,

Navvy, n. kibarua [haswa kwa kasi
kubwa sa kuchimba|.

Navy, n. | jamii ya manowari zote za
taifa fullani), manowari.

Nay, adv. szo, la, a-a.

Woeap, a. maji ya kupwa sana, maji

mafu | ya mbande|.

Near, a. karibu ; (like) kama sawa ;
(miserly) -a choyo, bahili; (critical)
-a shidda. He lives near (is a
near neighbour), jirani huyu. A

_ hear friend, rafiki sana, msiri. A
near road, #jza ya kukata. Near
side, upande wa kushoto. A near
escape, shidda kuokoka.

N early, adv. karibu, kama.

Nearness, n. uwa Near.

Nearsighted, a. [-szoona vema illa
karibu) macho thatfu.

Neat, a. -a taratibu, -zuri; (person)
mbeja [wa-]. Make neat, safidt,
tengeneza.

Neatly, adv. vizuri, kwa akili.

Neatness, n. kuwa Neat.

Nebula, n. (jamii ya nyota nyin
kama wingu, kiwingu cha usiku).

258

NEEDS

Nebulous, a, -2 Nebula ; (indistinct)
st wazi, st hakika.

Necessaries, n. ristht, vifaa, nafuu,
(for a journey) masarufu.

Necessarily, adv, kwa
sharti, kanuni,

Necessary, a. /azima, Jarathi, ka-
MUNI, Juzu, -2 Juzu.

Necessitarian, n. (asemaye, ‘ Yote
kwa ajali, hakuna ihtiari ”).

Necessitate, v. fanya lazima ya,
lazimisha, juzu. It necessitates
war, kaina buddi italeta vita.

Necessitous, a. -a masikini, -a fu-
kara,

Necessity, n. farath?, lazima, juzu;
(need, want) ukwasefu, ukata, uhi-
taji, haja.

Neck, n. (kifu kirefu chembamba
kama shingo), shingo (ma-), rast,
mlango. Neck and crop, fia, &
sa, Neck and neck, sawa sawa.
Neck or nothing, kwa vyo yote,
kwa hatari ya maisha, kufa ao
kuishi mamoja.

Neckcloth, n. kitambaa cha shi-
ngoni, ulepe wa shingo.

Necklace, n. mkufu |mi-).

Necktie, n. ufepe wa shingoni.

Necromancy, n. uchawi.

Necropolis, n. makaburi,

Necrosis, n. kuoza.

Nectar, n. (kinywaji kitamu sa-
na).

Nectarine, n. [/unda la kizungu).

Need, n. uhitaji, hitaji | ma-), haja,
umasikini, ukata, matakwa; (lack)
ukosefu, upungufu ; (danger) ha-
tari, mashaka.

v. kilaji, taka, -wa pasipo.

Needful, a. -/otakwa, -liohttajika,
-a kufaa sana; (indispensable)
kanuni, sharts,

Needle, n.sindano; (packing) shazia;
(magnetic) dira.

Needless, a. -stotakwa, -a burre.

Needlewoman, n. mshont [mwa-
namke |).

,| Needlework, n. kazi ya kushona,

. ushont.

Needs, adv. sharti, hakuna buddi,

lazima,

NEEDY

Needy, a. masikini, -a fukara,
-kwasefu, -hitajt.

Ne’er, = Never.

Nefarious, a. -daya sana.

Negation, n. kukana, kikano; (op-
posite) mbalimbali kabisa,

Negative, n. kukana, kikano, kusema
‘sto, da.’ He replied inthenegative,
akajibu, La,

—— a.-a -kukana, -a kutoa, -sto kifu.
It had a negative result, hatkufaa
neno, hakuna kitu bassi,

Neglect, v. (not attend to) st funza,
st angalia, acha; (slight) tupa,
tharau, hizi ; (do carelessly) fanya
kwa uzembe (kwa uvivu), ghafa-
lisha.

— n, kuacha, kutofanya kwa bidii,
uzembe, utharau, ukosefu, kukosea ;
(state of being neglected) halt ya
kuachwa, kutupwa, kutharaultwa.

Neglectful, a. -vivu, -sembe,
-angalifu, si -enyt kutunza, -sa-
haulifu,

Negligence, n. kutoangalia, ukosefu,
ulegevu, uvivu, usahaulifu.

Negligent, a. = Neglectful.

Negotiable, a. -4 kufaa kwa biasha-
ya, -a kupatikana, -a kutumtkana,

Negotiate, v. (fanya ao fanyana
Negotiation], Zengeneza, pata,
fanyiza.

Negotiation, n. maneno, shughuli,
biashara, mapatano.

Negress, n. mfu mweusi [mwana-
mke).

Negro, n. mtu mweusi | mwanaume |.

Negroid, a. -4 wafu weusi, kama
watt weusi.

Negus, n. (kama shebets).

Neigh, v. fa | frast].

——n. mlio wa frast.

Neighbour, n. jirani [ma-].

Neighbourhood, n. ujirani, inchi
ya kando kando. In the neighbour-
hood of, upande wa, karibu
ya, kiungani kwa. Neighbouring
estates, mashamba ya kupakana.

Neighbourly, a. -ema, -fathilz.

Neither, adv. wala. Neither...
nor, wala... wala,

254

st

NEUTRALITY

Neither, a. st... ole, wala hii wala
htt, st... hatta -moja.

Nemesis, n, kisast.

Neology, n. usushi, elimu ngeni.

Neophyte, n. mwongofu (wa-],
mjinga.

Nephew, n. mtoto |mwanamume |)
wa ndugu.

Nephritis, n. ugonjwa wa mafigo.

Nepotism, n. kuwapendelea jamaa.

Nerve, n. msiipa (mi-), usi uyusij;
(courage) moyo mgumu, macho
makavu, uthabitt, nguvu. Strain
every nerve, jzahid? sana.

Nervous, a. -cpest kustuka, -a hara-
kaharaka; (courageous) ¢habits,
-a nguvu; (of the nerves) -a m#-
shipa, -a bongo; (excitable, timid)
thatfu, -oga.

Nest, n. kota [vs-], tundu (ma-).
He has feathered his nest, ame-
tengenesa ulimwengu wake,

Nestle, v. sengeneka, tulia.

Nestling, n. kinda [ma-], kidege
[wz-]; (chicken) kifaranga [vi-].

Net, n. mshipi (mi-|, wavu (ny-]3
(casting) kimia [ve-]; (seine) ja-
"ifa juya |ma-). Mosquito net,
chandalua.

v. (make net) fanyiza wavu, 8c. ;

(catch) vua, nasa, tega; (gain) pata,

faidi,

a. net gain (profit), fayida halisi,

fayida tupu.

Nether, a. -a chini.

Nethermost, a, -a chini kabisa.

Netting, Network, n. | kama wavu,
nguo ya kimia, kama kilifu).

Nettle, n. kiwavi [vi-].

—— v. kastrisha, chokoza, chomesha,.

Neuralgia, n, maumivu ya mshipa,
mshipa.

Neuter, a. wala -a kiume wala -a
kike; [kama Neutral].

Neutral, a. wala -a upande hus
wala -a upande huu, katikati ;
wala hivi wala hivi, -stopendelea,
peke yake | yao, &c.]. lam neutral,
mimi simo.

Neutrality,n, kuwa Neutral, kali ya
Neutral.

NEUTRALIZES

Neutralize, v. ‘angua, batiliska,
komesha.

Never, adv. st... stkusole, st...
auskt, Never more, si tena kabisa.
Never so, sana, zayidi sana, kabisa.

Nevertheless, conj. wallakint, /a-
kini. .

New, a. pya ; (strange, novel) -genz;
(different) -mgine; (fresh) -dichi;
(unaccustomed) -jinga, st -20efts,
-suzu; (late, modern) -a karbu,
-a siku ht2t, -a kisasa. New moon,
mwezi nwandama, mwest mchanga,
New Testament, (Maandiko Mata-
katifu ya kimasthiya ya Agano
Jipya, (Maanjili, Matendo ya
Mitume, Nyaraka, na kitabu cha
Ufunuo)|. New World, Amerika.
A new fashion (new of its kind),
limbuko, mtindo. New-fangled,
-a kizushi, -a kigeni. A new
comer, mgeni, mzusu, mpjinga.

Wewfoundland (dog), n. | jibwa
mwenyi manyoya mengi marefu),

Newness, n. kuwa New, upya,
ugeni, ubichi.

News, n. kabari ; (written) taartfu ;
(story) Aekaya. Piece of news,

kizushi, kisuli. News of a death,
tanzia.
Newsboy, Newsman, News-

monger, n. mwusa Newspaper.

Newspaper, n. gazett, tariht, kara-
fast yenyi habari.

Newsroom, n. chumba cha kusomea
Newspaper.

News-vendor, n. mwuza News-
paper.

Newt, n. (nyama wa ziwani, nussu
mjusi nussu chura |).

Next, a. -a pili, -a karibu, -a ku-
Juata, -naokuja.

—— adv. fena, baadaye, halafu.

prep. karibu ya, -a pili ya.

Nib, n. ncha ya kalamu, chembe,
kijembe.

Nibble, v. fafuna kidogo, mega
kidogo.

Nice, a. -ema, -suri, -a kupendeza,
-a furaha; (to taste) -tamx,
zuri; (exact) kalisi;

255

(precise,

NIPPLE
dainty) -a kuchagua, -teusi;
(minute) -dogo sana. It is nice

(nicely done, made, &c.), smetenge-

ea.

Nicety, n. uzuri, uhalisi, usahihi,
bidit ya kuchagua, kupambanua
kwa akili. To a nicety, haswa
halisi. Niceties, mambo madogo
madogo; (of style) ufasaha.

Niche, n. pembe, kidaka (vs-}.

Niok, n. pengo (| ma-), kitengo. The
nick of time, sawa sawa, bahati
njema, wakali wa heri, papo kwa

Papo. _

Nickel, n. (madini nyeupe kama
fetha),

Nicknacks, n. fakataka.

Nickname, n. jina la kupanga, jina
la fumbo |msibo, simo 7).

Nicotine, n. (sumu ya tumbako|.

Nidification, n. kufanya tundu
(ndege).

Niece, n. mflolo (mwanamke) wa
ndugu.

Niggard, n. mtu wa choyo, bahili.

Nigh, adv. karibu, kama.

Night, n. siku; (darkness) giza.
All night, usiku kucha. Last
night, usiku wa leo. To-night,
usiku huu [ujao). A night and
a day, kuchwa kucha,

Nightfall, n. magaribi, mshuko wa
esha, kuchwa.

Nightingale, n. (ndege mdogo ai-
mbaye usiku vizuri sana Ulaya).
Nightly, a. -a usiku, -a killa usiku.

Nightmare, n. jianamisi,

Nimble, a. -efest, hodari, -elekefu.:

Nimbus, n. wingu la mvua; (halo)
usungo.

Nine, n. sa a. kenda, tissta.

Nineteen, n. za a. kumi na kenda,
tissatashara.

Ninety, n. na a, tessaint.

Ninth, a. -a tissia, -a kenda.

Nip, v. myakua; (destroy) songa,
kata, haribu.

—— n, msongo, mkato, pigo.

‘Nipple, n. (of breast) chuchu ya

ziwa, titt (ma-]; (of gun) tifa
loi).

NIRVANA 256

Nirvana, n. (raka ya milele kwa
dint ya Buddha|.

Nit, n. | yayi la chawa ao kungunz |.

Nitre, n. shura.

Nitrogen, n. (kitu kama hewa kili-
cho chingi katika hewa yenyewe).

No, adv. sto, /a, hakuna, hapana.

a.sz, There is no food, hapana
chakula. No one, si hatta mtu.
No doubt, hapana shaka.

Nobility, n. (rank) usharifu, daraja
bora, cheo kikubwa ; (character) we-
ma, ubora; (class) wafu wakubwa,
watu wa cheo, wafu wenyi jina.

Noble, a. bora, -kuu, sharifu.

Nobleman, n. mfu mkubwa, mwenyi
Jina, sheki | ma-).

Nobly, a. vema, vizuri,

Nobody, n. st mtu. Nobody isthere,
hapana mtu. Nobody knows,
hajui hatta mtu, hakuna ajuaye.

Nocturnal, a. -4 usiku.

Nod, v. inama kitwa ; (doze) sinzia.

—— n. kuinama kitwa. .

Noddle, n. kichwa.

Node, n. fundo (ma-).

Nodule, n. kinundu, kijiwe, kipu-
mba.

Noggin, n. (kikombe, kopo ndogo}.

Noise, n. sauti, mlio, kishindo,
uvumi; (uproar) makelele, uthza.

Noiseless, a. pasipo Noise, -a ki-
mya.

Noisome, a. -a kuchukiza, -a kuthu-
vu, -baya sana.

Noisy, a. -exyi Noise nyingi, -a
makelele.

Nomad, Nomadic, a. -siokaa ma-
hali, -sto na makao, -a kupotea -a
kuzunguka, -a kuhamahama, -ha-
mishi,

Nomenclature, n. majina.

Nominal, a. -a jina, kwa jina tu,
kwa maneno tu, si kweli, si halisi,
UWONGO.

Nominally, adv. kwa jina, kwa ma-
neno tu, si kweli.

Nominate, v. (name) z/a, taja, andi-
ka; (appoint) amuru, chagua, weka.

Nomination, n. suzta, &c. (Zaz.
Nominate).

NORTH

Nominee, n. -liottwa, -lioandikwa,
&c. (Zaz. Nominate).

Non-, [mwanzont pa neno, maana
yake kama Not, Un-, In-, | sz.

Nonage, n. “foto, kama utoto.

Nonagenarian, n. [mtu aliyepata
miaka tissaint umri wake).

Nonchalance, n. macho makavu,
upurukushant.

Non - commissioned officer, n.
[mstmamizt wa asikari ao baharia
astycamriwa na mfalme mwenye-
we |, afsa mdogo.

Non-conductor, n. | kifu kisichopi-
sha kitu kingine, kizuizo |.

Nonconformist, n.| Mmasihiya asi-
yekubali kawaida na amri zingine-
zingine za Kanisa|.

Non-content, n. | asiyekubali shauri
kwa jambo fullani|.

Nondescript, a. ajabu, -gent, -a
ovyo, -a namna nyingi, -a takataka.

None, a. si hatta -moja, hapana
mtu, hapana kitu.

Nonentity, n. sz kifu; (insignificant
object) kinyonge, hafifu.

Nones, n. [sala sa saa kenda|.

Non-existence, n. kutokuwa kabisa.

Non-existent, a. It is simply non-
existent, kapana kitu hicho kabisa,
st kitu.

Nonplus, n. mashaka, fathaa.

v. suzua, zulisha.

Nonsense, n. upuzi, puo, maneno,
mawe. ‘Talk nonsense, puszka,
payuka, piga domo.

Nonsensical, a. -a@ upusi, -a kuche-

sha.

Nonsuit, n. kutolewa sheriani, ku-
katiziwa maneno.

Nook, n. pembe, kipembe.

Noon, Noonday, Noontide, n.
aththuuri, jua kitwani.

Noose, n. tansi [ma-], kitanzi.

Nor, conj. wala. Neither... nor, st
... wala, wala... wala.

Normal, a. -a kawaida, -a sikuzote,
-a desturi, kadiri.

North, n. taskasini, kibula. North
winds, kaskazi, shemali. Thenorth,
upande wa kaskazini, inchs za

NORTH 257

kaskazini. Steer to the north
(northwards), shika mdjtra ya
jaa.

North, a. -4 kaskazini.

North-east, n. na a. [kati ya ka-
skazi na matlat).

Northerly, Northern, a. -a kaskazi-
ni.

Northernmost, a. -a kaskazini ka-
bisa.

Northward, adv. upande wa kaskazi.

North-west, n. na a. (kati ya ka-
skazi na magaribi |.

North-western,North-westerly,a.
-a North-west.

Norwegian, a. -4 Norway (inchi
moja ya Ulaya).

Nose, n. pua | pua, ma-); (pro-
jecting part) mdomo, mkono |mi-).
Nose-ring, azama. Speak through
the nose, semea puani, sema kwa
puani, sema king'ong'o.

Nosegay, n. fungu | shada | la maua.

Nosology, n. elimu ya marathi,

Nostril, n. tundu ya pua, mwanzi
wa pua.

Nostrum, n. dawa ya siri, dawa ya
hila,

Not, adv. sz; (in verbs) sz-, ha-, &c.
Not so, stvyo, hakuna, la. Not at
all, Not a bit, si hatta kidogo.
Not to say, Not only not, Ucha ya.
Not a man spoke, hakunena hatta
mtu.

Notability,n. kujulikana sana; (per-
son) mfu mkubwa, mtu wa kuta-
mbulikana.

Notable, a. -a2 kujulika sana, -enyi
Jina, -kubwa, ajabu, -suri, mashu-
hurt, -enyi sifa.

Notary, n. karani| ma- |, mwandishi,

Notation, n. mwandiko.

Notch, n. pengo.

—— v. fanya pengo, katia.

Note,n. (letter) barua, hati, waraka;
(mark) ¢shara, alama ; (fame) sifa,
Jina; (memorandum) ukumbusho,

maneno ya kukumbusha, muhta-
sari, fahamu (ma-); (musical)
sauti | mojamoja |); (written) nukia,
chapa. Note of hand, hate, awala.

NOUN

A man of note, mtu mkubwa
[mashuhurt]. Take note! /a-
hamu !

Note, v. (observe) angalia, fahamu ;
(make a note of) kumbuka,
andika.

Noted, a. -enyi sifa, -a kujulikana,
-kubwa, -zuri.

Noteworthy, a. -2 kukumbukwa.

Nothing, n. st kifu. A mere no-
thing, duni. For nothing, durre,
bilashi, pasipo fayida, billa hesabu.
Good for nothing, -szofaa neno, -ovu
kabisa. Make nothing of, st -weza
kufahamu (kutumia), si -elewa,
shindwa na. To say nothing of,
sembuse, licha ya.

Notice, n. kabari, maarifa, taarifu ;
(waming) onyo (ma-), ishara;
(document) até; (attention) he-
shima, upendeleo.

v. (observe) angalia, stkia, ona;
(mention) Zaja, mena; (favour) he-
shimu, pendelea, tendea mazuri.

Noticeable, a. -2@ maana, -2uri, -a
kukumbukwa.

Notiflcation, n. Zaarifu, habari;
(written) hati, cheti.

Notify, v. julisha, arifu, toa habari,
tangaza.

Notion, n. wazo [ma-]), nia, fikara.
I have not a notion, sifahamu hatta
kidogo, sijui mwenyewe.

Notional, a. -4 mawazo, -a akili;
(fanciful) #afifu, si halisi.

Notoriety, n. ubayani, ubaint, sifa
mbaya, Itis a matter of notoriety,
imebainika sana.

Notorious, a. -bayani, -enyi sifa
mbaya, -leojulika kuwa -baya.

Notwithstanding, adv. prep. na
conj. wallakini, tllakini, lakini;
ijapo, ingawa. Notwithstanding
advice, he went, ajapo ameonywa,
alikwenda.

Nought, n. st kifu, si neno; (arithm.)
sifuru. Come to nought, batilika,
tanguka, angamia. Bringto nought,
batzlisha, tangua, angamiza.

Noun, n. (jina la kitu kwa kisa-.
rufi).

s

NOURISH

Nourish, v. lisha, chunga, lea, ote-
sha; (increase) ongeza, zidisha ; (a
design, &c.) shika moyoni, azimu,
kusudia.

Nourishment, n. kulisha, kuotesha;
(food) makuli, chakula.

Novel, a. -pya, -gent,-2usht, A novel
occurrence, kisushi, shani, kioja,
ajabu

— on, &ttabu chenyi hadithi
(iliyobunika, si kweli).

Novelist, n. mwandishi wa Novels.

Novelty, n. pya, ugeni; (new
thing) kifu kipya, kizushi, shani.

November, n. (mwesi wa edashara
wa mwaka kizungu|,

Novice, n. mwongofu | wa-), mwana-
funzi wa dini ; (beginner) mwana-
funzi, mjinga.

Noviciate,n. | kali ya kuwa Novice].

Now, adv. sasa, sasa hivi, marra
hiyo, marra moja. Now and then,
pana siku, pangine. Now then,
come along! haya, twende zetu!

Nowadays, adv. siku heist, siku
zetu.

Noway, adv. sz... kwa njia yo yote,
sivyo kabisa,
Nowhero, adv, sz... mahali po pote.

Nowise, adv. sz. .
yote, si vyovyote.
Noxious, a. -4 kuthuru, -a kuchu-

kisa, -baya.
Nossle, n. pua, mkono, mdomo.
Nuoleus, n. kati, kiini, chanzo, asili.
Nude, a. ufupu, uchi,
Nudge, n. kumba, piga kikumbo, tia
mdukuo.

. kwa ginsi yo

Nudity, n. ufupu, uchi.

Nugatory, a. -stofaa, -a burre.

Nugget, n. kipande, kibumba [cha
madini).

Nuisance, n. wsthia, usumbuo,
machukizo.

Null and void (Be), v. bafilika,
tanguka, -fa.

Nullify, v. batilisha, tangua, vunja.
Nullity, ns 58 kitu, si neno.

Numb, a. -enyt ore -2tl0, -legevu.
—— Vv. 4a YA anya) ganst.
Number, n. hesabu, kiwango, idadi;

'258

‘NYMPH

(many) wingi, wafu wengi, kundi;
(poetic) mashairi ; (arithm.) hesa-
bu, tarakimu. Numbers of books,
vitabu vingi. A number of people,
watu wengi. A book in numbers,
kitabu kwa sehemu | kwa mafungu).
In great numbers, -2mgt, tele. They
are without number (numberless),
hayana idadi.

Numberless, a, -2mgi, -ingt sana,
kupita hesabu, pasipo idadi.

Numbness, n. ganzi, uzilo.

Numeral, a. harufu ya hesabu, ta-
vakimu.

Numeration, n. hesabu, kuhesabu.

Numeric, Numerical, a. -a hesabu,
kwa wingi.

Numerous, a. -ingi.

Numismatics, n. c/imu ya sarafu na
nishani.

Nun, n. [Monk wa kike).

Nuncio, n. mjumbe | wa-, wa askofu
wa Rumi).

Nunnery, n. nyumba ya Nuns.

Nuptial, a. -a harusi.

Nuptials, n. harust.

Nurse, n. mlezi (wa-]; (dry) yaya ;
(of sick) mwuguzi [wa-].

. (sick) ugusza, tunza [mgo-
njwa; ; (child) Za,

Nursery, n. Chumba cha vitoto,

Nursling, n. mofo mcha

Nurture, n. malezi; (food) chakula.

Nut, n. kokwa [ma-], njugu. Cocoa-
nut,masi, Ground-nut, njugu nyasa.

Nutation, n. mapinduzi, maina-
mizi.

Nut-cracker, n. | kifu cha kuvunjia
kokwa, Sc. }.

Nutmeg, n. kungumanga; (spice)
basbass.

Nutrient, a. -a kulisha, -a kuotesha.

Nutriment, n. chakula, makuli.

Nutrition, n. kulisha, kuotesha.

Nutritious, Nutritive, a. -a kuli-
sha, -a kuotesha.

Nutshell, n. (cocoa-nut) #ifuu. In
a nutshell, rakist kufahamu, kwa
vichache. (Tas. Shell)

Nymph, n. mwanawali
(fairy) zimwi (ma- |).

MZUri ;

Oo

0.

O, int. (7a2. Oh).

Oak, n. [mti wa Ulaya, kama msaji
lakini mgumu sana).

Oakum, n. | tamba ya kitani iliyofu-
muka), kaifati.

Oar, n. kasia [ma-}.

Oarsman, n. mpiga kasia, baharia,

259

OBLONG

Objection, n. katazo | ma- |), kindano
(ma- |), dakizo | ma- |), teto | ma-).
Objectionable, a. -stopendeza, -a ku-

chukiza, -baya.

Objective, a. [-a vit si -a mawazo,
-a kuwa st -a kuoneka, -a kweli
halisi si -a huthaniwa), hakika,
wazi, -tupu, halisi.

Objectivity, n. kuwa Objective.

Objectless, a. fasifo shauri, -a bu-
rre, -bumbafu.

Oasis, n. (mahali pazuri penyi miti | Objargate, v. tukana; shutumu.

na maji katt ya jangwa kuu), ki-
bara.

Oaten, a. -a Oats.

Oath, n. uafo [nyapo], kiapo [vi-],
yamini; (curse) Jaana [ma-}.
Take an oath on the Koran, apa
Koran, -la yamini. Put on oath,
apisha, afya. Upon your oath!
utaapa! Exchange oaths, apiana.

Oatmeal, n. unga wa Oats.

Oats, n. (xafaka kama shayiri |.

Obduracy, n. ushupafu, Sc.

Obdaurate, a. - upa , eum“, -~kals.

Obedience, n. ta a, uttz, usikizi.

Obedient, a. -/22, -stkist, makini,

Obeisance, n. kuinama kitwa, ku-
sujudu, kushika miguu.

Obelisk, n. nguso, mnara.

Obese, a. -nene, -enyi tumbo, -a
kitumbo.

Obesity, n. fumbo, unene, mnofu.

Obey, v. 7:2, stkia, tumikia.

Obituary, n. (habari ya kufariki
watu, hesabu ya majina ya waft,
lariht ya marehemu, tanzia).

Object, n. (kitu kinachooncka ma-
choi ae moyoni |, kitu (vi-], neno
[ma-], jambo | mambo); (aim, pur-
pose) msa, wazo [ma-|; (matter
for pity, ridicule, &c.), maskint,
kitu gant, shauri, $; (gram-
mat.) (neno la kuonyesha ‘ Nini’
ao ‘Nani’ tlsyotendewa tendo la
Verb]. My object is, nafaka,
ndiyo nitakayo. An object-lesson,
[eufundisha habari ya vite kwa

onyesha vitu vyenyewe |.

— v. kataa, bisha, teta, st kubali,

Objurgations, n. mashutumu, ma-
tukano.

Oblate, a. (-enyi kubenuka ao kuto-
keza kidogo mbavunt |.

Oblation, n. kutoa, toleo [ma-],
sadaka, thabihu, kafara | ma-).

Obligation, n. shartz; lazima, kanu-
ni; (contract) mapatano; (debt)
dent; (duty) jambo lipasalo | la ku-
bidi). Moral obligation, amri ya
Muungu, kawaida, wema wa asili.
Positive obligation, amri ya mtu,
neno la binadamu, jambo la sharti.
Put under an obligation, #:df, pa-
stsha, fathili, funga. Be under an
obligation, paswa, fungwa, wi-

wa,

Obligatory, a. farathi, lasima,
sharti, just. ;

Oblige, v. /asimisha;, juzu, shurutt-
sha ; (do service to) fathtlt, tendea
mema. 1am (morally) obliged to
do this, memo hili lajuzu nami
Uanijusia, nimejuziwa }.

Obliging, a. -fathili, -ema, -karimu,
tayari kusayidia.

Oblique, a. -a kwenda upande,
mshathari, -@ kukingama; (in-
direct, bad) -potof/u, -baya, -a ku-
kosa.

Obligueness, Obliguity, n. kuwa
Obligue.

Obliterate, v. futa, futia mbali,
ondoa kabisa, haribu.

Oblivion, n.. usahaulifu, kutoku-
mbuka, kusahauliwa. Be buried
in oblivion, sakauliwa kabisa.

Oblivious, a. -sahaulifu.

si vithia; (resist) shindana, suia. | Oblong, a. -refu kuliko -pana, | kama

OBLOQUY
. mrabba lakini -refu kwa upande

mmoja).
Obloguy, n. matukano, masingizio ;
(shame) aibu, fetheha.
Obnoxious, a.-akuchukiza ; (liable)
-liopasiwa.
Obscene, a. -chafu.
Obscenity, n. uchafu.
Obscuration, n. kufia (kuliwa)

giza.

Obscure, a. (dark) -@ giza ; (hidden,
indistinct) -a strt, -a mbali, -a ku-
jificha ; (puzzling) sz thahiri, -gu-
mu, -a mashaka, -a fumbo: (base,
insignificant) -zyonge, hafifu.

— v. tia giza, fanya fumbo, ficha,
seltri ; (disguise) geuza.

Obscurity, n. 2:24; (indistinctness)
fumbo, matata; (baseness) unyo-

me.

Obsequies, n. maziko.

Obseguious, a. -enyi kuttt mno, -a
kujipendekeza, -a kujifanya mtu-
mwa, -stahtfu,

Observable, a. -a kukumbukwa, -a
kuangalika, -2 maana.

Observance, n. kuangalia, kuku-
mbuka,kushika; (practice) desturi,
kawaida.

Observant, Observing, a. -anga-
lifu, -epesi, -elekevu.

Observation, n. kuangalia, (neut.)
kuangaliwa; (remark) neno, ma-
neno; (things observed) mambo
yaliyoangaliwa. Make an observa-
tion, /oa neno, nena, sema; (with
telescope, &c.) piga durabini. By
personal observation, Awa a-
zama mwenyewe, kwa macho.

Observatory, n. | mahali pa kuanga-
lia ua, mwezi, nyota, &c., banda
la kuwekea durabini na vipande
vya kupimia |).

Observe, v. angalia, ona ; (say) nena,
sema; (obey) Zii, sikia; (keep re-
ligiously, solemnly) athiméisha, tu-
kuza. Obs. ( = Observe) angulia,

Observer, n, mwangulizi,mwangazi,
mpelelezi.

Obsolete, a. -a kikale, -siofumika

-asiku hist, -siofaa, -liokufa.

-

260

OCCUPANT

Ofer” n. kisuizo |vi-), mgogoro

mtt-).

Obstetrician, n. mganga mzalishi.
Obstetrics, n. maarifa ya uzalishz,
ukunga.
Obstinacy, n. ukaidi, ushupafu, Src.
Obstinate, a. -kaidi, -shupavu,

-shindani, -bisht, -gumu.

Obstreperous, a. -kaidi, -tundu,
-tukutu, -potofu, -a makelele.

Obstruct, v. sua, pinga, pingamiza,
kataza, shindana, simamia. .

Obstruction, n. kusuta; (obstacle)
kizuto, katazo, mgogoro, kinga.

Obstructive, a. -a kuzuia, &c.,
-pingamist.

Obstructiveness, n. xupingamtsi,
ukaidi. Pin

Obtain, v. pata, pewa ; (hold place,
be accepted) -wako, kubalika, enea,
tumika, -wa desturi.

Obtainable (Be), v. #atikana.

Obtrude, v. jiingiliza, jitia kati,

Sumania,

Obtrusion, n. kujiingiliza, Sc.

Obtrusive, a. -/thulé; (open, glar-
ing) wast, baini.

Obtuse, a. -zt/o wa akili, -puntbafes ;
(of angles) | pembe kubwa kuliko ya
mrabba).

Obviate, v. ondoa, katiza, toa.

Obvious, a. wast, thahire.

Occasion, n. (circumstance) jambo,
tukio, kali; (opportunity) wakati,
nafasi, faragha ; (reason) sababu,
hoja, uhitaji, uthuru. Take occa-
sion to, pata | tumia) nafasi ya.

—— v. fanya, leta, toa. Be occa-
sioned by, tokana na, -wa kasi ya.

Occasional, a. marra kwa marra,
pangine, st siku zote, -a wakati
wake, -a bahati, -a nasibu.

Occasionally, adv. pana siku, pa-
ngine, S&C.

Occidental, a, -2 magaribi.

Occult, a. -a siri, -a fumbo.

Occultation, n. kustirika [nyota].

Occupancy, n. kutwaa, kushika,
kumiliki, kukalia.

Occupant, n. mwenyi Oocupancy,

| . mkazi, mwenyeji.

' OCCUPATION 261

Occupation, n. skhughult, kasi, uchu-
mt; (taking possession) £u/waa
kumiliki, ) j

Occupy, v. kwaa, shika, miliki ; (re-
guire) Zaka; (use, give work to)
shughulisha, tumia.

Occur, v. -wa, tukia, tokea; (enter
the mind) ingia moyoni.

Occurrence, n. tukio [ ma- |, jambo.

Ocean, n. bakari kuu.

Oceanic, a. -a bakari kuu, -a kupita
baharini.

Octagon,n. hari chenyt pandenane).

Octave, n. (siku kuu na siku saba
baadaye, siku ya nane yake; (in
music) sauli nane za Scale, saufti
ya nane).

October, n. (mwezi wa kumi wa
mwaka kizungu |.

Octogenarian, n. (mfu aliyepata
miaka themanini umri wake).

Ocular, a. -a macho, kwa macho,
kwa kuona. :

Odd, a. -moja pasipo mwenzi wake,
-moja peke yake ; (number) witir?,
st kamili; (remnant) -£obaki;
(worthless)-aouyo, khafifu ; (strange)
-gent, st desturi, -a mtindo, ajabu ;
,Yidiculous) -a mzaha, -a kucheke-
sha. Odds and ends, takataka,
ovyo. Odds, tofauti, ziada, maszt-
ada. It makesnoodds, What's the
odds? hatthuru, mamoja. Give
odds to, tanguliza, fathilt, pende-
lea. Be at odds, gombana, bishana.

Oddfellows, n. (chama ya kusayi-
diana),

Oddity, n. kigeni |vi-), ajabu, mza-
ha, ubishi, kioja |vi-), kizuli.

Ode, n. mashatri, utenzi.

Odious, a. -a kuchukiza.

Odium, n. machukto.

Odorous, Odoriferous, a.-a kuntu-
kia, -a manukato, -tamu.

Odour, n. manukato, herufu njema,
marashi.

O’er, = Over.

Of, prep. -a, kwa, katika; (about)
juuya,habari ya, The city of Con-
stantinople, mji Stambuli, Rum.
Of himself (itself, &c.), peke yake,

OFFENSIVE

Awa akili sake, kwa nguvu zake.
Of old, zamani. Of late, siku hist.
Whatof? je? habari gani ya? Of
consequence, -kubwa, -a maana.
Off, prep. katika, kwa, -ni, mbali ya,
juu ya. Off duty, pasipo kazi.
Off side, st upande wake. Off hand,
marra moja, kwa kupurukusha,
kwa haraka. Off his head, waszz-
nu, -enyt kichaa. Off the coast,
karibu na pwani, kuelekea pwani.
—— adv. mbali, si juu. Be well off,
-wa na mali, -wa tajiri, Be badly

off, -wa masikini. Be worse
(better) off, -wa hat mbaya
(mjema) zayidi. Off and on,

pangine, marra kwa marra, si siku
zole, kwa wakali wake, Be off,
ondoka, safirt; (come to an end)
kwisha, achwa. Go off, enda zangu
[sako, sake, &c.), toka, ondoka ; (of
2 gun, trap, &c.) fyatuka. Get off,
funga safari, kwenda; (escape)
okoka, kimbia; (a horse) shuka juu
[ ya]. Take off, (remove) chukua,
(of clothes) wwa, (imitate) tga.
Off with you! ondoka! toka!

—— a. -a upande wa kuume, upa-
nde wa mbali. Off day, siku ya
kuachiwa kazi.

Offal, n. mafumbo ya nyama, taka-
taka,

Offence, n. #chungu, chuki, hasira ;
(fault, crime) kosa, thambi, jambo
baya, Give offence, chukiza. Take
offence,chukizwa,futuka. Weapons
of offence, selaha za kuthure,
selaha,

Offend, v. chukiza, tia uchungu, ka-
strisha; (hurt, annoy) umiza, cho-
koza, sumbua; (do wrong) fanya
mabaya, fanya thambi, kosa.

Offender,n. mtenda mabaya, mwenyi
haliya, mkosaji, mwenyi thambi.

Offensive, a. -4 kuchukiza, -a ku-
taka vila, -a kukasirisha, -baya
sana. Take the offensive, anzisha
vita, leta vita, Offensive and de-
fensive alliance, (mapatano ya kwe-
nda vitani pamoja na kusaytdiana
wakiendewa, urafiki halisi).

OFFER

Offer, v. Zoa, tolea ; (make proposal)
toa (tolea) maneno; (express
willingness) Zaka, jitoa, jitolea,
-wa tayari; (in sacrifice) thabihu,
toa sadaka; (propose as price) zia
bet, nunua ; (present) e/ekesa, kabili-
sha ; (neut.) -wa, tokea, tukia, one-
kana, Offer marriage, posa.

n. neno, maneno, shauri, ahadi,
kutaka ; (bid) bei. Make an offer,
tia bet, nunua.

Offering,n. kutoa, &c.( Taz.Offer,v.);
(gift) sadaka; (sacrifice) shabibu,
kafara; (giving up). kutoa.

Offertory, n. [sadaka zilizotolewa
kantsanz |.

Office, n. ast, utume; (form of
prayers) chuo cha sala, hitsma,
(for the sick) duruda; (room for
work) .chumba cha kazi, afis; (ser-
vice) fathil:, msaada. Office of,

“u-. Office of Sultan, usultani.

Officer, n. mkuu [wa-), akida | ma-),
mtu wa serkali, msimamizi | wa-|,
afsa |ma-|.

Official, n. mfu wa serkali, asikari,
afsa [ma-].

a. -a serkali, -a nguvu,-a mwe-
nyi amri; (formal, regular) -a
kawaida, taratibu.

Officiate, v. Yanya kazi.

Officious, a. -£nyi Officiousness.

Officiousness, n. kuwa -sumbufu,
ufithuls, ujuvi, uthia,

Offing, n. mbali baharini, upeo wa
macho.

Offscourings, n. matakata, takataka.

Offshoot, n. kifawi, kichipuko, mtoto,
kitu kitokacho.

Offspring, n. mzao [wa-], mtoto
[wa-}.

Oft, Often, Oftentimes, adv. marra
kwa marra, marra nyingi.

Ogle, v. fasama upande [kttongo],
Tongoza.

Ogre, n. jini baya, zimwi (ma- |).

Oh, int. ce! 0-0! mama wee!

Oil, n. mafuta; (rock) mafuta ya
laa; (castor) mafuta ya mbarika;
(semsem) mafuta ya uta; (olive)
mafuta ya zeituni, .

262

OMNIPRESENCE

Oil, v. #ia mafuta, paka mafuta.

Oil-cake, n. shudu (ma-).

Oil-cloth, n. (nguo iliyotiwa rangi
ya mafuta |.

Oiliness, n. (kuwa na Oil ao kama
Oil] ulaini, utelezi, mafuta.

Oilman, n. mwaza mafula.

Oil-painting, n. (sanamu iliyoandi-
kwa kwa rangi ya mafuta).

Oily, a. -a mafuta, laini.

Ointment, n. mafuta, marhamu.

Old, Olden, a. (person) -see, -ko-
ngwe; (thing) -a kwanza, -a
zamari; (antique) -a kikale ; (worn
out) -kukuu. How old is he?
umri wake apataje? Be old (worn
out), chakaa. Grow old, konga.

Old-age, n. uszee, ukongwe.

Old person, n. msee [wa-]; (very
old) kikongwe | vi- |); (woman) £7-
zee (vi-).

Oleaginous, a. = Oily.

Olfactory, a. -4 kunusa.

Oligarchical, a. = -a Oligarchy.

Oligarchy, n. (wengi kutawaliwa na
wachache, wachache wenyi utawala,
hukumu ya wakubwa ao waszee |.

Olive, n. (tree) mseifuni; (fruit) zei-
tuni.

Omega, n. [harufu ya mwisho ya
alfabeti kiyonani; (end) mwisho}.

Omelette, n. kimanda, maandasi
ya mayayi.

Omen, n. fali, ndege; (sign) ishara,
dalili, alama, onyo.

Ominous, a. -a ndege mbaya, -a ku-
onya, -a kuogofya.

Omissible, a. [-stofakwa kwani hai-
thuru)|, -a kutolekana, -a ku-
achika,

Omission, n. kwacha, kupitia, ku-
kosa fanya; (error) kosa.

Omit, v. acha, ruka, pitia, kosea.

Omnibus, n. gari [la kuchukua
watu wengi kwa pesa, lenyi ma-
gurudumu manne |,

Omnipotence, n. kuwesa yote, ensi
kuu, wenyezi.

Omnipotent, a. -enyezs.

Omnipresence, n. kuenea pote, eneo,
kuwako kotekote.

OMNIPRESENT 263

Omunipresent, a. -4 kuenea pote.

Omuniscience, n. kujua yote, hekima
kuu.

Omniscient, a. -a kujua yote.

Omnivorous, a. -4 kula vyovyote,
-la vyote.

On, prep. na adv. (upon, in addition
to, about) juu; (forward) mbele;
(at, in, by, &c.) kwa, katika, -nt.
Be on, fanyika, -wako. Go on
(forward), endelea mbele; (continue
at work) fulisa; (continue at rest)
shinda, kaa, On and on, moja kwa
moja, kwa kufuléza. On board,
chomboni. Be on sale, tembezwa,

- sszanya. Onshore, pwani. Beon
fire, teketea moto. On the road,
njiani. On and off, pangine. On
your oath, waapa.

Once, adv. marra moja tu; (one
day) stku moja, hapo kale, zamani.
Once and again, marra kwa marra.
Once on a time, Aafo ale. Once
in a way, pangine, st marra nyingi.
At once (immediately), wufesi,
marra, marra moja; (all together)
pamoja, jantts.

One, a. na n. -moja, most, kitu ki-
moja, mtu mmoja. It is a good
one, mzurz hiyo. Be at one, pata-
na. On the one hand, on the
other, kwanza, ya pili (tena).
One... another, huyu... huyu,
hit...hzt, One eats what one gets,
killa mtu hula apatavyo. One an-
other, wao kwa wao, -enyewe kwa
enyewe; (in comp.) -ana, e.g. beat
one another, Pigana, love one an-
other, fendana. Many aone, weny?.
One by one, -moja -moja.

One-eyed, a. -enyt chongo.

Oneness, n. #moja.

Onerous, a. -st/0, -a kulemea, -a ku-
kulia.

Oneself, n. mwenyewe; (in comp.)
-ji-. Please oneself, szpendeza.
One-sided, a. -a pogo, -a kwenda
upande, mshathali, kwa kujiinika ;
(unfair) si -a khaki, si sawa, si
Vizuri,

Onion, n. kitunguu |vi-).

OPENING

Only, a. -fupu, tu; (alone) peke ya-
ke, -a pekee.

—— adv. fu, hivi tu, bassi.

Onomatopoeia, n. (meno leny?t ku-
onya maana yake kwa sauli yake|.

Onset, Onslaught, n. siambulio,
kuendea, kurukia, mwendo wa
ghdfala, vita ya ghdfala.

Ontologioal, a. -2 Ontology.

Ontology, n. [elimu ya asili ya vitu,
kama Metaphysics].

Onward, Onwards, a, na adv. mbe-
le, kwenda mbele, kwa kuendelea.

Onyx, n. | kito cha rangi).

Oolite, n. (| jiwe /a chokaa).

Oose, v. vuja, tona.

n. mvujo, tonesho; (mud) ma-
tope, kinamasi.

Oosy, a. -@ Ooze.

Opacity, n. kuwa Opaque.

Opal, n. | jiwe la kung'aa).

Opaque, a. -stopenya nuru, -stoona.

Open, 2. wazi; (place) wazi, -eupe ;
(free) -a watu wote, wasi ; (flower)
-Jiochanuka; (loose) -a kulegea,
-a kufunguliwa, -a kufunuka;
(unreserved) -kunjufu,-nyofu. An
open question, | jambo listlokwisha,
neno listlokatika bado (lenyi ma-
shaka, la kubishaniwa)|, An open
secret, (yambo la siri lakini lime-
julika na watu wengi). Open air,
hewa ya nje, nje. Open place,
kiwanja, wanda; (waste) uga.
Open weather, jua, siku sa jua.

— v. fungua, fumbua, feleti,
funua; (begin) anza, maliki;
(spread out) exea; (flowers) cha-
mua; (make known) bainisha;
(inaugurate) sindua; (a door)
shindua; (a bundle) futua; (fire
of guns, Sc.) ansa kupiga.

Open-handed, a. -karimu, -paji,
ema, -tapanya.

Orgn hearted, a, -kunjufu, -nyo-

“.

Opening, n. mwanzo, mlango, ki-
penyo, pa kutokea, pa kupitia, pa
kupenyea, tundu, ufa; (oppor-
tunity) chimbuko, nafasi.

——- aa. -a kwanza.

OPENLY =: 264

Openly, adv. wazi.

Opera, n. | kucheza na kuimba pa-
moja, haswa mchezo wa kusimulia
hadithi mbele ya watu wengi kwa
mashairi na kuimba, tamasha na
kuimbato |.

Operate, v. Zenda kazi, toa nguvu.

Operatic, a. -4 Opera.

Operation, n. kazi, khutenda, nguvu,
(medical) kazi ya mganga.

Operative, a. -a nguvu, -a kutenda
kazi.

n. kibarua, mtu wa kazi.

Operator, n. mtenda kazi ; (medical)
mganga.

Ophthalmia, n. weli wa macho.

Opiate, n. dawa ya kutia usingizi.

Opine, v. thant, ona, shuku.

Opinion, n. shaurt, nia, hukumu,
wosia; (estimation) sifa. Be of
opinion, tani, ona, A matter of
opinion, jambo lisilo hakika, st
yakini, jambo la mashaka. Golden
opinion, sefa bora.

Opinionated, Opinionative, a.
(mtu) ashtkaye shauri lake, asiye-
sikia maneno ya watu, -shupafu,
-gumu, -bisht,

Opium, n. afyuni; (mixture) kasu-
mba.

Opossum, n. | mnyama wa Amerika,
kama komba).

Opponent, n. mshindani [wa-],
adui, mlesi, mzuta, mkinzani;
(in litigation) mdawa (wa-}.

Opportune, a. -4 bahali njema, -a
kuja sawasawa, -a kufaa, tayari.

Opportunity, n. nafasi, wakali,
chimbuko, faragha, saa [stku] ya
kufaa.

Opposable, a. -a kuzuilikana.

Oppose, v. sua, shindana na, kataa,
kinga, simamia mbele; (place
before) weka mbele, lekeza, leke-
zana; (match) pambanisha. Be
opposed (opposite, different), -wa
mbalimbali, achana, lekeana, kabi-
liana.

Opposer, n. = Opponent.

Opposite, a. (facing) -a kulekea, -a
kulekeana, mbele, -a kukabili;

——..

ORACLE
(wholly different) mbalimbali Ra-
bisa.

Opposition, n. kulekeana, kukabi-
liana; (resistance) ushindani, ku-
zuia, kupinga njia; (entire dif-
ference) kali mbalimbali, tofauti.
The Opposition, (wafu wasio wa
serkali, washindanao na serkali |.

Oppress, v. onea, thulumu, tendea
mazito, songa, lemea.

Oppression, n. (injustice) ##halimu,
masito, thulumu; (trouble) Aalz
ya taabu, mateso; (in breathing)
kisongo cha roho, uzito.

Oppressive, a. -4 kulemea, -zilo, -a
kusonga, -a taabu, -kalt, -thels-
mu.

Oppressor, n. mthalimu[wa-], mjeu-
rt, bwana mkali na mkorofi.

Opprobrious, a. -4 Opprobrium.

Opprobrium, n. aibu, fetheha, haya;
(reproach) shufumu, matukano.

Optical, a. -2 macho. It is an
optical delusion, macho yana-

danganya. Optical instrument,
adurabini.

Optician, n. |(mwuza miwani dura-
bini, 8c. |}.

Optics, n. (maarifa ya nuru, ya
kuona kwa macho).

Optimism, n. (kusema “killa kitu
kilivyo, ndivyo vizuri ; ulimwengu
mzuri, hauna mfano; habari zote
ni njema'), matumaini matupu,
kufurahia yo yote.

Optimist, n. mwenyi kushika Op-
timism.

Option, n. kuchagua, uchaguzi,
thitart. Local option, killa mji
upendavyo. There is no option,
hakuna buddi, kanuni, shuruti.

Optional, a. killa mtu (miu ful-
lani) apendavyo, halali, ruhusa.
It is optional for you, juu yako,
thiiari | hiyari | yako, upendavyo.

Opulence, n. ukwasi, utajiri, mali.

Opulent, a. -enyz Opulence,

Or, conj. 20, ama; (otherwise) kama
SEVYO..

Oracle, n. miu wa hekima, nabii,
hakimu, mwaguzt; (wise saying)

ORACULAR 265

neno la Muungu, maneno ya hekt-
ma; (prophetic utterance) maaguzi,
Wosia. -

Oracular, a. -a Oracle, -a kekima;
(mysterious) -a fumbo, si thahtri,
-a mashaka.

Oral, a. -a kunena, -a maneno, -a
kinwa, -stoandtkwa.

Orange, n. chungwa [ma-]}; (bitter)
danzi (ma-]; (mandarin) chenza
{ma-]; (smaller) kangaja. Orange
tree, mchungwa [mi-|, Sc.

a. -a rangi ya manjano.

Orangery, n. [skhamba la Orange

trees, kibanda cha kuotesha
Oranges].

Orang-outang, n. (nyani mkubwa
kama mtu).

Oration, n. maneno, hotuba.

Orator, n. semi, mneni, Msemaji,
MWEeNnyi Vizuri,

Oratorical, a. -4 maneno, -a mneni,
-a maneno mazuri, -a kujisifu.

Oratorio, n. kuimbato kutakatifu,
utenzi wa kuimba.

Oratory, n. #semaji, maneno. ma-
zuri ; (cell) (| kijumba cha kusalia).

Orb, n. (globe) mduara; (star)
sayari, nyota. Orb of day, jua.

Orbed, a. -a mviringo.

Orbit, n. msunguko, mwendo wa
lasita ya) kuzunguka.

Orchard, n. shamba (la miti yenyi
matunda|.

Orchestra, n. | yamii ya ngoma na-
mna zole, vinanda, vinubi, mazeze,
Alimbi, &c.; jamii ya wafu
wachezao ngoma hizo; mahali pa
kupigia mdundo ngoma, &c.), wa-
piga ngoma, matarumpeta, mdundo.

Orchestral, a. -4 Orchestra.

Orchilla, n. (plant) malele, (Ar.)
shena,

Ordain, v. amuru, agiza ; (of clergy)
Sanya kasisi, tia mikono.

Ordeal, n. kiapo [vz-]; (severe trial)
majaribu, hatari, mateso.

Order, n. amri, agizo [ma-]; (cus-
tom, rule) kanuni, kawaida, de-
shuri; (regularity) taratibu, uzuri;
(cheque) awala, hundi, hats;

ORGAN

(rank) cheo, daraja; (society)
chama; (class, kind) aina, ginsi ;
(decoration) #zshant. The lower
orders, wafu wadogo, walio watu
tu, maskini. Orders, Holy Orders,
ukasisi, upadre, |madaraja, hudu-
ma takatifu). Be in orders, -wa
padre, Take orders, fanyika
padre. My watch is out of order,
saa yangu haiendi (tmeharibika).
Be in good order, Zengenezwa
vizuri. I made it to his order,
aliagiza ntkatfanya. By order, kwa
amri, In order, taratibu. In
order to (that), makusudi, lili.
Keep order, simamia, -wa mlinzi.
Put in order, panga, tunga, tenge-
neza, safidi, ratibisha.

Order, v. (appoint) amuru, agiza ;
(arrange) tengeneza, andika tara-
tibu, ratibisha.

Orderliness, ufaratibu, ulii, amani.

Orderly, a. -ataratibu, -zuri; (quiet)
makini, -a amant.

—— n. asikari mtumishi.

Ordinal, a. sala za Ordination.
Ordinal numbers, (#esabu za ku-
onya utaratibu wa kufuatana, ndio,
first, second, &c., kizungu|.

Ordinance, n. amri, agizo [ma-],
sheria, j

Ordinarily, adv. marra nyingi, kwa
desturi.

Ordinary, a. (usual) -a siku zote,
desturi; (common) vizi hivi, ovyo,
hafifu, -nyonge. An ordinary
person, miu tu.

n. mwenyi hukumu, askofu.
In ordinary, marra nyingi, desturi.

Ordination, n. | kufanya padre kwa
kuliwa mikono na askofu).

Ordnance,n. mizinga. Heavy ord-
nance, mizinga mikubwa.

Ordure, n. mavi, samadi, taka.

Ore, n. [mawe yenyi madini).

Organ, n. (chombo chakufanyia kazi,
njia ya kutenda, kitu cha kazi,
haswa sehemu ya kitu kizima ao
ya kiwiliwili yenyi kazi yake;
(musical) kinanda, kama santuri
kubwa|.

ORGAN-GRINDER 266

Organ-grinder, n. mpiga santuri.

Organic, a. -a kifu kisima, -enyi
kutengenezwa, -a Organ.

Organism, n. (kifu kizima chenyt
kazi yake, matengenezo yake, ki-
wiliwili).

Organist, n. mpiga kinanda.

Organization, n. matengenezo, uta-
rattbu, madaraka, sharia,

Organize, v. Zengeneza
andika, ian

Orgy, n. | karamu ya ulafi na ulevi
na uasharati, ngoma mbaya |.

Oriel, n. (dirisha la kutokeza nje),
roshant.

Orient, a. mashariki, macho ya jua.

Oriental, a. -a mashariki, -a pande
za Asta.

Orientalist, n. | mwalimu wa mambo
ya inchi za mashariki, za Asia).
Orientation, n. kukabilisha vema,

kuelekeza, kuweka sawa.

Orifice, n. fundu, kitundu, mlango,
shimo, kipenyo, ufa.

Oriflamme, n. bendera.

Origin, n. asili, mwanzo, chimbuko;
(cause) sababu, maana.

Original, a. -a asili, -a kwanza;
(peculiar) -a peke yake, -a mtindo,
-enyewe halisi; (inventive) -enyt
akili ya kubuni ao kutunga; (ex-

.traordinary) ajabu, -gent, -pya.

— n. namna, kiolezo, ya kwanza.

Originality, n. (kuwa na akili za
kubuni ao kutunga); (singularity)
ajabu, upya.

Originally, adv. kwanza, kwa asili.

Originate, v. anzisha, zaa, umba,
Janya, tunga ; (neut.) anza, tokana.

Origination, n. mwanzo, kuanza,
kuanzisha.

Oriole, n. (ndege ya rangi ya ma-
njano |.

Orion, n. | fungu moja la nyota, le-
nyi) mpini wa kata.

Orison, n. sala.

Ormolu, n. [shaba kama thaha-

amuru,

Ornament, n. pambo | ma-), kipambo
(2:-), urembo.
—— v. pamba, tia usurt,

OSTRICH:

Ornamental, a. -a kupamba, -a ure-
mbo, uzuri.

Ornate, a. -a mapambo, -a urembo,
zuri.

Ornithology, n. maarifa ya ndege.

Orphan, n. yatima, mwana mkiwa

wa-|).

Orphanage, n. nyumba ya | kukari-
bisha na kulea | yatima.

Orphanhood, n. kuwa yatima.

Orrery, n. | kifu cha kuonyesha mwe-
ndo wa duuia, mwezi, sayari,
&c.].

Orthodox, a.[-a kushika halisi ima-
nt, -a kulingana na dini, -a tmani
ao desturi halisi), halisi, bara-
bara.

Orthodoxy, n. kuwa Orthodox,
imani halisi.

Orthography, n. kuendelesa maneno
vema, kuandika sahihi.

Oscillate, v. ning inta, yumbayumba,
wayawaya, pembea; (shift) geuka,
enda huko na huko; (waver) sila,
ona mashaka.

Oscillation, n. kuning'inia, Sc.

Osculation, n. kubusu.

Osier, n. (ufito wa kufanyisia viti,
mesa, Sc. }.

Osprey, n. [ zai wa bahari, wa kula
samaki).

Osseous, a. kama mfupa, kifupa.

Ossification, n. kufanyika mfupa.

Ossify, v. fanya (fanyika) mfu-

Ostensible, a. (avowed) #hakiri,
wazi, -a kubainika,-a nje ; (unreal)
st -a kweli, si hadisi.

Ostentation, n. majivuno, makuu,
Jahari, urembo.

Ostentatious, a. -4 Ostentation.

Ostentatiously, adv. kwa Ostenta-
tion.

Osteology, n. (elimu ya mifupa ya
wafu na nyama|.

Ostler, n. frasi wala, mchunga frasi,
saisi.

Oatracism, n. kwondosha, 8c.
Ostracise, v. (kuondosha mjini kwa
shauri la watu waliomo), fukuza.

Ostrich, n. buni.

OTHER 267.

Other, a. -ngine, -a pili, mbali
mbali, zayidi, Bring others, /eta
Zena, ongeza. The others, wale
wangine, wile vingine, mabaki,
yaliyosalia.

Otherwise, adv. vingine, kwa vi-
ngine, kwa sababu ngine ; (if not,
or else) kama sivyo, ao.

Otter, n. |nyama ya kukaa mtoni,
hula samaki).

Otto of roses, n. ha! waridi, mara-
shi.

Ottoman, n. sa a. Turuki [ma-],
-a Maturuki.

Ought, v. paswa. I ought, sapa-
swa, imempasa, imenibidi, ni juu
yangu, ni kazi yangu, astahili
yangu, vizuri, njema, yaniwa-
Jibu.

Ounce, n. wakia; (animal) (nyama
ya Asia, kama chui).

Our, Ours, a. -etu.

Ourselves, pron. sis? wenyewe.

Oust, v. ondosha, toa nje, fukuza.

Out, adv. nje [kama kutoka, kupita,
kuwa wazi, kwisha, kukamilika |.
Out and out, kabisa, pia. Out and
out barbarians, washenst wa kwi-
sha, Be out, -wa nye, tembea ; (be
mistaken) kosa; (finished) kwisha.
Go out, Joka, enda nje; (as candle)
zimika. Have it out with, #zgana
na, shindana na, kosana na. Out
of, Pasipo. Heis out of cash, hana
pesa. Iam out of it, simo; (have
none of it) zmenttindikia, nimeisht-
wai Out of character, -stopatana,
-stolingana, sisawa., Out of date,-a
kikale kabisa, -stotumtka siku hizi,
Out of hand, ghdfala, marra, thd-
ruba moja; (ungovernable) -s20-
zuilika. Out of joint, -Ziofeguka,
-liostushwa, Out of mind, -stoku-
mbukwa, -a kupita akili, pasipo
kiasi. Be out of one's mind, -wa
wazimu, rukwa na akili. Out of
doors, nje, njiani, -a kutembelea.
Be out of one’s time, tshiwa
majira ya kazi, Out of order
(course), si taratibu, Out of place,
-Stofaa, si mahali pake. Be out

OUTLINE

of pocket, pata khasara, ghara-
ma nyingi. Out of print, (book)
-stopatikana, Out of the question,
-stowezekana. Out of reach, -szo-
patikana. Out of season, s?-a wa-
kati wake. Out of sorts, -gonjwa,
st rathi, -kali, -enyt uchungu.
Out of temper, -4ali, -enyi hasira.
Out of use, -stotumika. Out of
the way, -geni, ajabu; (remote)
mbali, ukiwa. Out with it! sema!
toa! Out of the way! similla !
Jthathari |

Outbalance, v. pita, shinda, std.

Outbid, v. shinda | kwa bet, kwa ku-
nunua).

Outbreak, n. filina, maasi, vita;
(of temper, &c.) mshindo, kipindi,
hasira ya ghafala.

Outcast, n. maskini wa Muungu,
Jekara, -liotupwa. He is an out-
cast, hana mbele hana nyuma.

Outcome, n. mwisho, tokeo.

Outcry, n. makelele, kilio.

Outdo, v. (p. t. Outdid, pf. t. Out-
done) pita, shinda;. (deceive)
halamkia, punja.

Outer, a. -a nje.

Outermost, a. -a nje kabisa.

Outfit, n. masarufu, mapamébo, vifaa,
vyombo, nguo.

Outfitter, n. mwaza Outfit.

Outflank, v. zunguka upande.

Outgoings, n. gharama.

Outgrow, v. (p. t. Outgrew, pf. t.
Outgrown) -wa -kubwa, -kulia,
pitia.

Outhouse, n. kipenu, kibanda.

Outing, n.j kwenda kutembea, ku-
Bunga hewa, kushinda pahali.

Outlandish, a. -a kigent, ajabu.

Outlast, v. pita kwa aushi, ishi za-
yidi, dumu.

Outlaw, n. haramia, mtoro | wa-|.

— v. harimisha, torosha, fukuza,
Sanya haramu.

Outlay, n. gharama.

Outlet, n. pakutokea, mlango, tu-
ndu.

Outline, n. | mslari wa kuzunguka,
sanamu ya mislari mitupu);

OUTLIVE

(sketch) kabari kidogo, maneno ma-
chache, chelezo, ishara, dokezo| ma- |.

Outlive, v. ishi | dumu) kuliko.

Outlook, n. kufazama mbele, mambo
ya mbele; (view) sura ya uli-

' mwengu.

Outlying, a. -a mbali, -a nje, peke
yake.

Outmarch, v. fangulia mbele ya.

Outmatch, v. shinda, pita.

Outmost, a. -a nje kabisa.

Outnumber, v. -wa -ingt kuliko,
pita, zidi.

Out-patient, n. | mgonjwa mwenyi
" kupewa dawa nje ao kwake, asi-
karibishwe ndani ya Hospital].
Outpost, n. asikari mpelelezi, mianzi

wa mbele.

Output, n. mapato | ya makaa, ma-
dini, &c.].

Outrage, n. jambo ovu kabisa, kosa
kubwa, neno kuu la uhalifu, taksi-
rt, mansa.

-— v. tendea maovu kabisa, hatifu;
(a woman) dikiri, zinisha kwa jeuri.

Outrageous, a. -4 Outrage, -baya
kabisa, -a jeuri.

Outrider, n. mfuasi | mpanda frost

Outrigger, n. (of canoe) Zengo [ma-].

Outright, adv. za, kabisa. He killed
him outright, alimwulia mbali,

Outrun, v. (p. t. Outran, pf. t.
Outrun) shinda kwa mbio, tangu-
lia mbele ya.

Outset, n. mwanzo.

Outshine, v. (p.t. 2a pf.t. Outshone)
shinda, pita.

Outside, adv. nje.

—— n, upande wa nje, sura; (limit)
upeo, mpaka. At the outside, wa/a
sa zaidi, ndio mwisho.

Outskirt, n. (of town) kiunga [v2-],
mpakani.

Outspread (Be), v. tawanyika, tapa-
kaa, enea, nyoka, tandikwa.

Outstanding, a. (remaining) -a ku-
baki, -Hopo; (debt) -stolipwa.

Outetrip, v. shinda, pita, zidi.

Out-talk, v. ambanya, shinda kwa

maneno.

Outvote, v. shinda kwa Votes.

268

OVERCAST

Outward, a. -a nje; (apparent,
visible) -a kuonekana, -a sura;
(unreal) st -a kweli, si -a moyo, -a
unafiki.

Outward-bound, a. -4 kutoka kwao,
-a kwenda baharini Vugenini,

pangine |.

Outwardly, adv. kwa nje; (not
truly) sz kwa kweli.

Outwards, adv. [Awenda] nje.

Outweigh, v. pita kwa usilo | kwa
nguvu ), -wa -kubwa |-zilo|).

Outwit, v. shinda kwa akili, punja,
danganya.

Outwork, n. boma la mbele.

Oval, a. -enyi sura ya yayi, mvi-
ringo wa yayi.

Ovary, n. |kama mfuko wa mbegu
ao mayayi tumboni).

Ovation, n. shangwe, makelele ya
salaam, vigelegele vingi.

Oven, n. fanuu, kalibu; (cooking)
Joko [ma-].

Over, adv. juu, zayidi, kupita, nje.
All over, kofekote, pote pra. It is
all over, tmekwisha. Over again,
tena, marra ya pilt, Over and
over, marra kwa marra, marra
nyingi. Over and above, zayidi,
juu, baki, sazo, kuzidi. Be over,
salia, baki; (be ended) kwisha.
Give over, kwisha, koma, tulia,
nyamaa,

—— a.-a nje, -a kuzidi, mno, -a juu.

Overact, v. 214:, fanya vingi mno.

Overalls, n. soruali kubwa.

Overawe, v. tisha, ogofisha, stusha,
fathaisha.

Overbalance, v. fifa. Overbalance
oneself, taka kuanguka.

Overbear, v. shinda, titsha, fanyia
nguvu; (by talking) pambanya,
pambanisha.

Overbearing, a. -a jeuri, -thalimu,
-kali, -gumu, He is not over-

bearing, ana sharti, hapigi '
ubwana.

Overboard, adv. | kuanguka, kuza-
ma, kutupwa | baharini.

Overcast (Be), v. fanda. The sky is
overcast, Aumetanda, mawingu.

OVERCHARGE

269

OVERTASK

Overcharge, V. taka hei kubwa, uza | Overlook, v. (superintend) angalia,

ghali ; (overload) za -ingi mno.

Overcoat, n. | joho nene kubwa |.

Overcome, v. (p. t. Overcame, pf. t.
Overcome) shinda, pita, trisha,
piga, weza, zuia. ;

Overdo, v. (p. t. Overdid, pf. t.
Overdone) faxya mno; (in cook-
ing) Pika mno; (weary) chosha,

' sumbua.

Overdone, a. -/zopikwa mno; (worn
out) -enyi kushindwa na kazi,

> -enyt kuchoka sana.

Overdose, n. (dawa nyingi mno}.

Overdraw, v. (an account) -jipasha
dent, ingia dent.

Overdue, a. -a kuchelewa, -a kuja
kinyume, -stowadia,

Overestimate, v. sifu mno, thani
-kubwa |-ingi, -a thamani mno).

Overflow, v. furika, toka nje, enta,
tawanytha, gharikisha; (over-
whelm) ¢z¢ska; (be over-abundant)
-wa -inge,

v—— n. mafuriko, gharika; (super-
fluity) masazo, wingi; (outlet) pa-
kutokea maji.

Overflowing, a. -4 kufurika ; (abun-
dant) -ingi sana, -enyt Wingi.

n. mafuriko; wingi, masazo,

' Overgrow, v. (grow over) funika
na majani (miti); (outgrow) kua
mno, pila kiasi ya.

Overgrown, a. -/iofunikwa na ma-
jani ao mili; (rank) -kusa mno.
Overhang, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Over-
hung), (project) sokeza, fanya mdo-
mo; (cover) -wa juu ya, funika,

tanda.

Overhaul, v. angalia, chungulia, ta-
zamta.

Overhead, adv. juu juu, kitwani.

Overhear, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Over-
heard) sikia kwa siri, dukiza,

Overjoyed (Be), v. furahi mno.

Overland, a. kwainchi kavu, Over-
land route, njia ya inchi kavu.

Overlap, v. pitana, pishana.

Overlay, v. (p.t. za pf.t. Overlaid)
tia yuu, funika, tanda; (lie on)
lala juu ya.

stmamta, tazamtia; (let pass) pitia,
achilia, samehe, sahau.

Overlooker, n. msimamizi [wa-],
mwangalizi | wa-|.

Overmatch, v. -wa na nguvu za ku-
pita, shinda, weza.

Overmatched, -Hoshindwa | kwa sa-
babu -dogo ao -chache).

Overmuch, a. -:ngi mno.

Overplus, n. baki, masazo.

Overpower, v. shinda, tiisha, piga.

Overrate, v.— Overestimate.

Overreach, v. danganya, punja, ka-
ramkia.

Override, v. Zangua, vunja; (a
horse) endesha mno.

Overrule, v, amuru vingine, geuza,
tangua.

Overrun, v. pila, pita mbele, pitia;
(invade, attack) eta vita | hasara)
katika, ingia kwa nguvu; (cover)
funika, enea katika, funikiza.

Oversee, v. simamia, angaza.

Overseer, n. msimamizi | wa- |).

Overset, v. pindua, pindukiza, angu-
sha.

Overshadow, v. tia kivuli juu.

Overshoot, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Over-
shot) fifa, pitia, kosa kupiga
repeated, An overshot wheel, | gu-
rudumu la kuendeshwa na maji
yakipita juu yake|.

Oversight, n. (superintendence) 4s:-
mamizi, maanguzi, uangalizi ;
(error, neglect) kosa, kupitiwa,
usahaulifu. a

Oversleep, v. sinzia sana, pita saa
ya kuan ka assubut,

Overspread, v. (p.t. za pf. t. Over-
spread), fawanyika (enea) kati-
ka, funika. .

Overstate, v. ongeza mno.

Overstep, v. pitia, kosea.

Overt, a. baini, wazsi,. mbele: ya
macho, thahiri. aha
Overtake, v. (p. t. Overtook, pf. t.
Overtaken) fatia, fikia; (catch)

pata, kamata.

Overtask, Overtax, v. Zaz. Over-
work. ct

OVERTHROW

Overthrow, v. pindua, pindukiza,
angusha; (rain, destroy) angamiza,

shinda, vunja.
i—— n. maangamizi, uharibifu.
Overtime, adv. Work overtime,

Ufanya kazi ya kuzidi saa yake|.
Overtook, p. t. ya Overtake.
Overtop, v. (rise above) inuka juu

ya, nyanyuka; (excel) shinda, pita,

Overture, n. [maneno ya kutaka
urafiki ao imani ao mapatano),
haja, shauri; (musical) mwanzo
[wa ngoma ao kuimba).

Overturn, v. pindua, pindukiza,
angusha, angamiza.

Overvalue, v. = Overestimate.

Overweening, a. -4 kujivuna, -enyt
makuu, -ingi mno.

Overweight, a. wingi, kuwa -ingi
mno.

Overwhelm, v. fanyia nguvu nyingi,
shinda, vunja, angamiza, haribu
pia; (overrun) ingia kwa nguvu,
funika, gharikisha; (cover) funi-
kiza pia,

Overwork, v. [amria kazi kubwa
mno, kasi ya kupita kadiri), le-
meza, kondesha, chosha.

—n. kasi kubwa (nyingi) mno,
kasi ya kupita kadiri.

Overworked, Overwrought, a.
-liochoka mno, -lioshindwa na kasi
(husunt), -liokulewa.

Oviparous, a. -4 kuzaa mayayt.

Owe, Vv. wiwa, -wa na deni; (owe
to) -pashwa na, -wa na (kitu)
kwa sababu ya, -wa haki ya. |
owe him ten dollars, mawiwa naye
reale kumi. He owes me ten
dollars, mamwia reale kumi. I
owe my wealth to my father, mali
zangu nalipashwa (nalipatiwa| na
baba. 1 owe respect to my father,
imenipasa kumheshimu baba,

Owing, a. deni, haki. Money is
owing by me, nawiwa fetha na
mtu. Owing to (caused by), kwa
sababu ya. It is all owing to
you, yote juu yako, kwa sababu
yako, kosa lako.

Owl, n. bunds.

270

PACKAGE

Own, v. miliki, -wa na [mak};
(confess) ungama, kiri,

—— a. -enyewe, halisi, My own,
-angumimt. Your own,-ako wewe,
&c., Sc.

Owner, n. mwenyewe [w-)], mwenyeji
we.

Ox, n. (pl. Oxen), ng'ombe ndume,
maksai.

Oxidation, n. | kuchanganyika na
Oxygen, kuliwa na hewa|.

Oxygen, n. (kifu kama hewa kilicho
chingi katika hewa yenyewe na
maji na mawe pia |.

Oyster, n. chaza, kombe ya pwani.

P.

Pabulum, n. chakula.

Pace, n. (foot) katua, wayo [ny-];
(movement) mwendo; (speed) we-
pest. Keep pace with, enda sawa
sawa na.

—— v. kwenda | kwa miguu taratibu);
(measure) #sma kwa hatua.

Pachyderm, n. (nyama mwenyi
mgozi mene sana kama tembo ao
kifaro).

Pacific, a. -4 amani, -tulivu, -pole,
-@ kutaka amani. Pacific Ocean,
(Bakari iliyo katt ya Amerika na
Asia na Australia).

Pacification, n. kufanya amani,
amani, mapatano.

Pacify, v. fanya amam, tuliza, pa-
tantsha, selehisha.

Pack, v. funga pamoja, funga, fanya
mzigo, tengeneza mizigo, funga
safars; (fill full) jaza, La -ingi;
(arrange artfully) Zengeneza kwa
hua (Awa ujanja). Pack off, Send
packing, safirisha haraka, fukuza,
ondosha.

—— n. mzigo | mi-), mtumba |mi- |);
(of cards) fungu sima |la karta
sa mcheso), jozt; (of dogs) kundi
Ua mbwa wa kuwinda ao wa mwi-
fu, ao la watu wabaya).

Package, n. eto [ma-], kipeto (vi-),
robota, kasha | ma-), sanduku.

PACKER 271

Packer,n.m/funga misigo, nsimamist.
Packet, h. Package ndogo, kizigo ;
(bundle) chopa, kichopa, furushi,
vobota, kifurushi, bumba; (of letters,
&c.) chungu, kipeto; (steamship)
1 ya moshi, meli.
Packhorse, n. frasi wa kazi.

Packing, n. kufunga mizigo; (stuff-

ing) kitambaa cha kusibia, kizibo,
kisongo.
Packman, n. [mtembeza bithaa kwa
mzigo), mchurusi | wa- |.
Packsaddle, n. seruji | ya kazi, ya

misigo |.
Packthread, n. si (mnene sana),
Pact, n. maafikano, mapatano,
sharti,

Pad, n. (of grass) kafa ; (for riding)
khorjt (Ar.); (small cushion) mto
mdogo, kitakta ; (paw) mguu | mi-,
wa nyama).

—~ v, fia Pad, bandika. .

Padding, n. = Pad, n.; (kifu cha
kujalisia tu, si cha maana sana]
maneno hafifu, upuzi.

Paddle, n. kafi [ma-]. _

— v. pigapiga maji, piga kafi.

Paddle-wheel, n. gurudumu (la
mbavuni ao nyuma, la kwendesha
merikebu ya mosht |.

Paddook, n. shamba dogo ([ltstlo-
limwa, la kuchungia nyama),

uwanda.

Padlock, n. kufuli.

Paean, n. vipelegele vya shangwe.

Paedobaptism, n. [Baptism ya
watoto wadogo |.

Pagan, a. -shensi, -kafiri, -a ki
shenzi.

Paganiam, n. ushensi, ukafiri.

Paganise, v. fanya -shenst, kufuri-
sha, haribia desturi njema za dint.

Page, n. ukarasa, upande mmoja wa
ukarasa; (boy attendant) moto,
mtumishi, bot.

Pageant, n. ‘amasha, mambo ma-
zuri [ya urembo).

Pageantry, n. suri,
urembo.

Pagoda, n. hekalu (la kihindi ao
kisina lenyi sanamu |.

mapambo,

PALE

Paid, p. t. na pf. t. ya Pay.

Pail, n. ndoo.

Pailful, n. kadiri ya ndoo moja, ndoo.

Pain, n. maumivu, uchungu, ku-
uma; (mental) Ausunt, hamu,
stkittko. Take pains, Be at pains,
jitahidi, fanya juhudi, toa bidii,
angalia.

— v. umiza ; (grieve) huzunisha,
sumbua; (neut.) uma, umia.

Painful, a. -enyi kuumisza, &c. It
is painful, sxauma.

Painless, a. -stoumisa.
Painstaking, a. -enyi kujitahidi, -a
bidii ya kazi, -angalifu, hodari.

Paint, n. rangi | ya kupaka).

a rangi, lia rangt, piga
sanamu ya rangi; (describe) eleza
habari, fafanisha.

Painter, n. mpaka rangi, fundi;
(mooring rope) kamba [la kufu-
ngasa mashua).

Painting, n. kupaka rangi; (picture)
sanamu ya rangi, taswira.

Pair, n. (two of a kind) | vifu viwili
vilivyo sawa ao vya kulingana,
kitu na kitu mwenzake | jozi, jura ;
(married) mume na mkewe. <A
pair of scissors, makasi. A pair
of stairs, madaraja, ngazi. A pair
of spectacles, mzwani.

——v. -wa wawiliwawili [mbili-
mbili, &c.), fanya (weka, linga-
nisha, (neut.) lingana) viwili-vi-
welt; (of birds) Zafula mwenzi.

Palace, n. jumba | ma-|, nyumba ya
mfalme | ya mkubwa).

Palaeontology, n. |e# mu ya viumbe
vya kale sana na mabaki yao).

Palaeosoio, a. [-a zamani za kale
sana |.

Palanquin, n. machela.

Palatable, a. -/amu, -a kupendeza.

Palatal, a. -a Palate.

Palate, n. haaka, kaa la kinwa;
(taste) slime. .

Palatial, a. -2 Palace, -kubwa, surt.

Palaver, v. maneno, mashauri, ma-
ongezi, baraza. Hold a palaver,

8,

Pale,n. (stake) 4igusol vi-},sfito[ fito),

—— VY,

PALE

mts { mz-]; (boundary) mpaka| mi-|;
(enclosure) wa | nyua), uwa

Pale, a. -eupe, -a rangi kidogo

Palette, n. (sahani ao kibau 5 cha ku-
fanyizia rangi).

Palfrey, n. frasi mdogo.

Palimpsest, n. (mwandiko wa za-
mani uliofutwa kidogo, ukaandi-
kiwa marra ya pili juu|.

Paling, n. nguzo, kiguso ; (enclosure)
zizi, kizizi, ua wa fito, uwanja.

Palisade, n. ya [wa nguzo, wa fito
kubwa), boma |la miti iliyosimiki-
shwa na kuchongoka|, nguzo.

Pall, n. | kitambaa cha kufunikia je-
neza mazikoni |, subaya; (vestment)
[btamébaa cha kuvaa maaskofu wa-

kuu).

—— v. chosha, kinaisha, chukiza ;
(neut.) funguka, haribika.

Pallet, n. godoro (ma-|).

Palliate, v. | sefiri ao rahisisha hati-
ya, takia rathi ya kosa, toa uthu-
ru kwa jambo baya |, tetea, ombea;

' (lessen) punguza, tuliza.

Palliation, n. kuseliri, kisefiri, &c.,
kitulizo,

Palliative, a. -a kuseliri, &c., -a
kutuliza.

Pinel a, -eupe uso (kwa ugonjwa,
&

Pallor, n. weupe wa uso [kwa ugo-
njwa, 8c. }.

Palm, n. (of hand) kitanga | kiganja |
cha mkono |vi-); (tree) | killa mti

. wenyi namna kama) mnazi | mi-),
mvumo, &c.; (date-tree) mtende;
(palm-oil tree) mchikichi; (trophy)
alama ya kushi; , fuso; ; (sail-
maker’s) dopa Pe too

—v. Palmo (ro ching), pokesa
[Attu] Awa hila.

Palmary, a. -4uu, bora, -a kwanza.

Palmer, n. haji (ma-, aliyekwenda
Yerusalemi kwa tbada}.

PalmSunday, n. jumaa pili mbele ya
Haster, | juma a pili ya Mitende).

Palm-wine, n. femdbo; (spirit) sa-
rambo,

Palmy, a. -enyi minazi, -a mitende;
(flourishing) -a kusitawi, -2urs.

272

PANIC

Palpable, a. -a kugustka, -a kuone-
ka; (clear) baini, thahi®®,

Palpitate, v. pigapipa, puma, papa,
tutuma.

Palpitation, n. (of heart) kikerehere
cha moyo; (fear) tetemeko, hofu,
kupapa rohoni,

Palsy, n. upooza,

Palter, v. fanya ujanja, piga domo,
toa maneno ya hila.

Paltry, a. kafifu, -nyonge, thatfu,
-do,

gO.

Pampas, n. [manyika ya Amerika
ya kusint).

Pamper, v. shibisha, lisha vyakula
vitamu; (favour) "pendelea ; ; (in-
dulge) /isha, ongeza vibaya, ki-
naisha.

Pamphlet, n. susuu, chuo kidogo.

Pamphleteer, n. mwandishi wa
Pamphlets.

Pan, n. chungu [ma-], kijungu,
kango (ma-}.

Panacea, n. (dawa ya kuponya ma-
ratht zote, na maumivu yote |.

Pancake, n. [maandast kama | kitu-
mbua |(vi-). ;

a | Pandemonium, n. (mahali pa ma-
shetani wote; (uproar) makelele
mengi mno, uthia mbaya sana,
maongezi ya watu wabaya |.

Pander, v. (sayidia kwa mambo ya
ng oa, tongoza waanake|. Pander
to, ongeza vibaya.

—— n. kawadi.

Pane, n. (of glass) kioo, kipande cha
kioo, ubamba wa kioo.

Panegyrio, n. maneno ya kusifu,
hotuba ya sifa, sifa.

Panegyrist, n. ##foa Panegyric.

Panegyrise, v. ‘oa Panegyric.

Panel, n. kibau, kiwambo (?); (jury)
watu waliokwitwa kufanya huku-
mu, barasa (Tas. Jury) |.

Pang, n. umivu kali la marvra
moja, mchomo, kipindi cha hamu,
juhudi. Death pangs, jwhudt

ya kufa. Birth pangs, #fungu wa
kuzaa

im n. woga mkuu, hofu ya ghd-
ala.

PANIC-STRICKEN

Panic-stricken, a. -Hoshihwa na
woga mkuu.

Panniers, n. shot, shogi | ma-|.

Panoply, n. {mavalio yote ya vita,
mavao ya chuma na selaha |.

Panorama, n. (sanamu kubwa na
ndefu ya kupitishwa kidogo kidogo
mbele ya macho; (view) sura ya
ulimwengu, sura ya inchi yote).

Pansy, n. [ud /a kizungu).

Pant, v. tweta, kokota roho, shusha
pumuzi.

Pantaloon, n. mcheshi, mfanya ubi-
shi mwingi; (trousers) soruali.

Pantheism, n. | kusema “ Ulimwengu
wote ndio haswa Muungu' |.

Pantheon, n. | jamii ya miungu yole
ya kabila fulilani |).

Panther, n. (nyama kama chut).

Pantomime, n. (mchezo wa vinyago |.

Pantry, n. ghala [ya kuwekea cha-
kula na vyombo vya kulia).

Pap, n. #babwa.

Papa, n. |neno la kitoto | baba.

Papacy, n. |kazi na ufawala wa
askofu mkuu wa Rumi, Kanisa
la kirumi na mathehebu zake\.

Papal, a. -4 askofu mkuu wa Rumi,

Papaw, n. (tree) mpapai [mi-];
(fruit) papai [ma-].

Paper, n. karatast ; (document) ati,
cheti, kol; (newspaper) gasttt, ta-
rihi; (chegues, &c.) hati za fetha,

v. bandika karatasi ukutani,
pamba kwa karatasi nzuri.

Paper-hangings, n. mapambo ya
karatasi | ya kubandika ukutani).

Paper-money, n. hawala, hati ya
Setha.

Papist, n. (mfuasi wa askofu mkuu
wa Rumi, Mmasthiya wa Kanisa
la kirumi (neno la kuchukiza) |.

Papyrus, n. (unyasi wa kimisri,
uliotumika sana zamani kwa ku-
fanyisa karatasi |, ndago (9).

Par, n. sawa, #rari. On a par
with, sawa na, -a kulingana na,
Parable, n. mfano wa maneno, me-

thali, hadithi yenyi mafundisho,
Jumbo |ma-|.
Parabola, n. (mwendo wa kitu kitu-

273

PARAMOUR

pwacho, st sawa, kama mviringo
njia yake|.

Parabolic, a.-a Parable; -2 Para-
bola.

Parachute, n.
mkubwa wa
Balloon}.

Paraclete, n. = Holy Ghost.

Parade, n. (mahali pa kutembelea |
njia kuu; (military) mchezo wa
asikari, kwotas; (show, pomp)
fahari, majivuno, mwangwajt.
Make a parade of, = Parade, v

v. tembeza, jivunia; (military)
panga | asikari |.

Paradigms, n. (namna za mabadili
ya Verb kwa kisarufi).

Paradise, n. peponi, ferdausi; (bliss)
furaha kuu, jaha. Gate of Para-
dise, kilango cha jaha.

Paradox, n. |neno la kushtusha, kama
ndivyo sivyo, kweli: iliyo kama
#wongo| fumbo la maneno, kitenda-
wili.

Paradoxical, a. -a Paradox.

Paraffin, n. mafuta Amertkano.

Paragon, n. kipeo, kisichopitikana,
uzuri haswa, namna ya peke yake,
kamili.

Paragraph, n. kipande (cha mwa-
ndiko, kitabu |), fungu la maneno.
Parallaz, n. (Tofauti ya kitu kione-

kanavyo mahali pawili, kama hapa

kama mwavuli
ushukia katika

na pangine).

Parallel, a. kandokando, -a kupa-
mbana sawasawa, -a kuambaana,
-a kwenda sawasawa pastpokutana ;
(similar, corresponding) -a kuli-
ngana, sawa, MWENZi.

Parallelism, n. alz
Parallel.

Parallelogram, n. [ama mrabba,
lakini ndefu upande mmoja).

Paralyse,v. poosesha ; (disable) /egesa,
Sisha, komesha.

Paralysis, n. kipooza.

Paralytio, a. -enyt kupooza.

Paramount, a. -a kupita yote,
-kubwa sand, -a maana, -a nguvu.

Paramorr, n. suria |ma-), kinyumba
[ve-], hawaa.

ya kuwa

T

PARAPET

274

PART

Parapet, n. wkingo [wa ukuta ao| Parley, n. fanya maneno, semana,

boma), kikuta.

Paraphernalia, n. vyombo, vifaa,
mapambo,mavalio, urembo, fahari.

mia Wi n. fafanusi, fasiri, elezo
ma-).

; v. eleza, fafanua.

Parasite, n. |-enyi kujilisha -kwa
mwingine, -enyt kujipendekeza,
mfuasi; (animal) minea ao mdudu
mwenyi kushikamana na mwi-
ngine, kimelea |.

Parasitic, a. -a Parasite.

Parasol, n. mwavuli mdogo [wa
kukinga jua\,

Parcel, n. kifurushi, kibumba, ba-
hasha, kipeto.

Parch, v. kausha, shindtsha kwa
ktu.

Parchment, n. karatasi ya ngozi,
(ngozi iliyotumika kwa kuandikia|.

Pardon, n. masamaha, urathi, gho-

fira, usamehe, hisa.

v. samehe, achilia, rithia. Par-
don me, kunrathi, wwe rathi, toba,
pole.

Pardonable, a. -a Ausamcheka.

Pare, v. (fruit) ambua, toa maganda;
(nails, &c.) kata; (lessen) punguza.

Parent, n. mzaa, mzazi, mzee | wa-],
baba, mama.

Parentage, N, 42422, wasee.

Parental, a. -@ Parent, -ema, -a
huruma, -pole.

Parenthesis, n. [maneno yalotiwa
baadaye, yaliyoingizwa kattkati;
alama ya kulia maneno, hivi (...)).

Parenthetic, a. -4 Parenthesis.

Pariah, n. (outcast) maskini, fakiri,
-enyi kutupwa; (dog) mbwa koko.

Paring, n. (of nail) kikuchia ; (small
bits) sahataka, masafi, matakato.

Parish, n. mtaa (mz-},
lenyt "padre yake), wilaya.

Parishioner,n. | mkaa katika Parish
fullani).

Parity, n. usawa, urari, ulinganifu.

Park, n. shamba | zuri la kutembelea |,
hbustani kubwa, uga wenyi mets mi-

- kubwa; (military) jamzi ya mizinga.

Parlance, n. “semi, maneno, MSEMO.

Jimbo (ma-,

semezana,

Parliament, n. baraza ya watu wa-
kubwa | waliokwitwa kufanya ma-
neno kwa mambo ya serkali |, mku-
tano mkuu Ingereza.

Parliamentary, a. -a baraza kuu,
-@ Parliament, -a kustahili Par-
liament.

Parlour, n. baraza, sébule, skumbi.

Parochial, a. -2 Parish, -a mfaa,
-a mambo ya mtaa, -a jimbo; (un-
important) -dogo, hafifu, -nyonge.

Parody, n. mwigo (wa maneno, ma-
shairi, 8&c.].

Parole, n. akadt.

Paroquet, n. kasuku mdogo.

Paroxysm, n. shkindo, kishindo, ki-
pindi, ukali, hali ya ghdfala.

Paroxysmal, -4 Parozysm, -a ghd-
fala, -a kishindo.

Parricidal, a. -a Parricide.

Parricide, n. mwua baba, mauaji
ya baba.

Parrot, n. kasuku.

Parry, v. kinga, bekua, zuta ; (avoid)
epuka, epa.

Parse, n. (toa habari za kisarufi za
neno fullani|.

Parsee, n. Parsi | Ma-), Farsi | Ma- |.

Parsimonious, a. -2 Parsimony,
-kabiths, -kavu, Sc.

Parsimony, n. wkabithi, ukavu, choyo
cha fetha, ubahili, ugumu, kukata
gharama.

Parsing, n. (| kupambanua kwa sarufi.

Tas. Parse |.
Parsley, Parsnip, n. (mboga sa ki-

zungu |.

Parson, n. | kasisi mwenyi kuchunga
watu wa mtaa fullani), padre
[ wea- }.

Parsonage, n. nyumba yake Parson.
Part, n. sehemu, kipande | vi-), nussu,
fungu | ma-), mkato [ms-]; (duty,
work) 4azz; (district, side) 2 e.
He took your part, alikuwa upande
wako. For my own part I think it
good, mimi nafsi yangu naiona
njema. For the most part, sayidi.
A man of parts, mfu mwenyi

PART

kulewa vema [wa akili, hodart)..
In good part, kwa upole. In bad

art, kwa ukali. Part of speech,
Faina ya neno kwa sarufi). Act
a part, jifanya mtu mwingine,
jigeua, fanya hila, cheza.

Part, v. tenga, gawa, achisha, kata,
farakisha; (neut.) tengana, tengwa,
Jarikiana, achana. Part company
with, achana na, tokana na. Part
with, acha, toa, tupa.

Partake (of), v. (p. t. Partook, pf. t.
Partaken), skariki, onja, gawiwa,
kwaa, twaa nussu; (resemble) -wa
kama, -wamo.

Partaker, n. mshiriki [wa-].

Partaking, n. usharika.

Partial, a. (incomplete) -@ sehemu,
Aa nussu, -a upande; (biassed) -a
kupendelea; (having a liking for)-a
kuona-tamu,-a kutaka,-a kuelekea.

Partiality, n. kutaka, shauko; (spe-
cial) upendeleo.

Partially, adv. Awa schemu, nussu;
(with bias) kwa kupendelea, sé sawa.

Participate, v. = Partake.

Participation, n. = Partaking.

Participle, n. (amna ya Verb #ii-
yotumika kama Adjective}.

Particle, n. | kipande kilicho kidogo
mno), kitu kadogo, chembe, kitaka-
taka, kivumbi.

Particular, a. (individual) -moja
-moja, -a miu mmoja, -a kitu ki-
moja, peke yake; (important) -a
maana, -kubwa, -ingt, -a peke yake;
(precise) alist, -a mambo yote
pia; (careful) -angalifu, -chaguzi.
In particular, sayidi, khaswa.
A particular point, jambo moja,
jambo fullani.

—— n. yambo moja. Particulars, ma-
mbo moja moja, habari zote | hatta za
mambo madogo sana}.

Particularity, n. ufkahiri, uhalisi,
kupambanua.

Particularize, v. nena -moja -moja,
eleza halisi, pambanua.

Particularly, adv. zayidi, haswa,
halisi, juu yote.

Parting, n. kuachana, kuondokana

275

PASS

(Zaz. Part, v.), magawanyiko,
mtengano, kulengwa; (farewell)
kuagana. A final parting, Auta-
kana buriani. Parting of roads,
panda la njia, maelehkano.

Parting, a.-a kutenga, -a kuagana,
-& mwisho.

Partisan, n. (mfu wa kushika sana
shauri lake, mtu wa kupendelea),
mfuasi [wa-), mshindani,

Partisanship, n. urafiki, upendeleo.
Blind partisanship, ushindani
mtupu, wazimu wa kushindania.

Partition, n. kugawanyika, mgawo;
(wall) kufa, kiwambaza, cha kati;
(of wood) mbas za hati, kiseliri.

Partly, adv. nussu, kwa sehemu,
kidogo.

Partner, n. mshiriki [wa-], mwenzi
(wenzi), rafiki (ma-).

Partnership, n. usharika, bia; (firm)
kampani.

Partook, p. t. ya Partake.

Partridge, n. (ndege ya Ulaya kama
kanga mdogo), kewale.

Parturition, n. uzazi, kuzaa,

Party, n. (company) jeshi (ma-),
kundi | ma- |, watu wengt; (faction)
amii ya wafu wenyi shauri
moja) upande, mathchebu, shauri,
aria, wafuasi ; (entertainment) 42-
kao, karamu; (partner) mshiriki
[wa-]; (person) mfu. He was a
party to their proceedings, a/zsha-
vikiana nao, alikuwa hali moja
nao. His party, wafuasi wake,
wenzi wake. Give a party, fanya
karamu, alika wageni.

—— a. -a Party (= Faction), -a
kupendelea, -a kupendeza marafiki
fu. Party feeling, fifina, mate-
ngano, ushindani.

Parvenu, n. mpasi [wa-), mgeni
[wa-], kizushi.

Paschal, a. -2 Pasaka, -a Baster.

Pasha, n. Zuruki mkubwa, liwali
[ma-].

Pass, v. (go) pita, enda, endelea;
iene without touching) ambaa ;
change) geuka, badilika ; (happen)

(approve)

T3

fanyika, -wa, tukia;

PASS

kubali, sahihisha, amuru, ithini-
sha; (be approved) kubalika, pata
ruhusa, pewa daraja; (exceed) pita,

. pita kadiri; (of money) tumisha,
(neut.) enda, tumika; (neglect)
ambaa, si -angalia; (cause to go,
hand, give) /eta, pitisha, peleka,
pisha; (end) éska, koma, toweka,
-fa; (evacuate) -tya. Pass a law
(resolution, motion, &c.), fanya
sheria [amri, agizo, onyo), sahi-
hisha, ilhinisha. The law passed,
sheria ikafanyika. Bring to pass,
fanya, fanyiza, timiliza. Come to
pass, wa, janyika, tukia, Pass off,
(neut.) isha, dudia ; (rid oneself of)
toa kwa hila. Pass for, thaniwa
kuwa, jitendekeza. Pass on to,
sukumiza [kwa],(neut.) pitia, enda
kwa, -ja katika, Pass into, geuka,
geuka kuwa. Pass sentence, 44-
kumu,amua. Pass muster,kubalika,
tosha, faa. Pass over, pita, acha;
(cross water) waka, abiri. Pass
time, shinda, ongea. Pass by, Let
pass, pita, pisha, pishia mbali;
(without touching, avoid) ambaa.

Pass, n. njia, mlango |mi-, katika
milima); (gap) mwanya [mi-];
(passport) afieli [vy-]; (difficulty)
matata, mashaka ; (leave) ruhusa.

Passable, a. -a kuendeka,-a kupatika ;
(moderately good) -a kadiri, wa-
slani, hivi,

Passage, n. kupita; (way) njia, pito,
kipito; (journey) safari ; (crossing)
kuabiri, uvuko; (in house) cho-
choro, ujia [nytjia]; (narrow)
kipenyo; (alley) kichochoro [vi-];
(ford) kivuko; (in a book) makali,
maneno, fungu la maneno; (tran-
sition) kugeuka. Bird of passage,
ndege wa kuhama, mhamisht.

Passenger, n. mjaji |wa-), mpitajt
(wa-), abiria | ma-), msafiri | wa-),
mgeni | wa-|.

Passer-by,n. mfifaji, mgeni, msafiri.

Passing, a. -a kupita, -stokaa, -a
marra moja. Passing bell, | kengele
ikipigwa kufani|.

— n. kupita, kupitana; (death)

276

PASTRY

kufariki, kufa. In passing, kwa
kupitia, kwa haraka, kwa vichache.

Passion, n. bidii ya moyo, juhudi ya
roho, harara; (anger) kasira ;
(desire) ng'oa, tamaa mbaya, shau-
ko; (suffering) mateso, maumivu.
Passion week, [ uma ya tano ao
ya sifa katika Lent.

Passionate, a. -a Passion, -epfesz
kwa hasira, -kali, harara.

Passive, a. [-a kutendewa si ku-
lenda); (submissive) -fudivu, -vu-
milivu ; (inactive) -stolenda neno,
-a kukaa tu. Passive resistance,
kuhimili,uvumilivu. Passive voice,
[namna ya Verb yenyi habari ya

utendwa, si kutenda).

Passivity, n. kuwa Passive.

Pass-key, n. (ufunguo wa kufungu-
lia vingi|.

Passover, n. Zasaka.

Passport, n. cheti (vy-), ruhusa.

Pass-word, n. neno la stri, fumbo.

Past, p. t. ya Pass.

a.-a kwanza,-a zamani, -liopita.

Past Tense, | namina ya Verb yenyi

habari ya wakati uhopita |.

adv. kupita, mbele.

—— prep. kupita, zayidi ya, mbele
ya. Heis past cure, hawest kupona.

—— n. zamani, mambo ya zamani,
mambo yaliyopita.

Paste, n. “72, unga na maji.

v. ta Paste, bandikisha.

Pastern, n. mguu wa frasi [kwa
chini).

Pastime, n. mchezo (mi- |), maongezi,
mazungumzo, maburudisho |

Pastor, n. padre | ma-), kasisi (ma-),
mchunga roho.

Pastoral, a. -a Pastor; (of a shep-
herd) -a kuchunga kondoo ; (rural)
-a mashamba, Pastoral theology,
(elimu ya kasi ya padre, maarifa
ya uchungaji wa roho). ;

—— n. (waraka wa askofu kwa ma-
padre |.

Pastorate, n. upadre, kazi ya padre,
jamii ya mapadri.

Pastry, n. maandasi; (cake of) ki-
nyunya.

PASTURE 27

Pasture, Pasturage, n. machunga,
malisha.

Pasty, n. [kama kitumbua chenyi

nyama |.

Pat, v. piga kofi (konzi); (pat gently,
stroke) papasa.

n. kofi (ma-], konzi | ma-|.
Patch, n. kiraka er gango [ma-},
kipande [wt-]; (of wood) kasho.
patch of ground, kiwanda, mahali

padogo, shamba dogo, konde.

v. t#a Patch, tengeneza, cho-
melea. Patch up, fanyiza, tenge-
neza.

Patchwork, n. (nguo iliyoshonwa
vipande vipande, nguo ya viraka
wingi |; (inferior make) kazi mbovu.

Pate, n. kichwa,

Paten, n. | kisahani kilichotumika
kwa Bucharist }.

Patent, a. (open) wazi, baini; (pa-
tented) -sto halal: kuz,

n, [Aatt ya ugombesa kitu
kisiigwe, kitu walichogombezewa
kuiga watu wangine, &c. |.

Patentee, n. -enyz kupewa Patent.

Paternal, a, -2 kuumeni; (fatherly)
-a baba, kama baba, -pole.

Paternity, n. kuwa baba, uzazi,
baba.

Paternoster, n. (sala ya Bwana Isa
Masiya, “Baba yetu, &c.).

Path, n. njia.

Pathetio, a. -4 kulia huruma |hu-
zuni, Sc.|.

Pathless, a. -stoendcka, -siopitika ;
(forest) -nene sana.

Pathology, n. utabibu, elimu ya ma-
rath,

Pathos, n. huruma, huzuni, maana.

Pathway, n. njia.

Patience, n. saburi, uvumilivu,
utulifu

Patient, a. -stahimili, -vumilivu,
-enyt saburi. Be patient with,
vumilia, limbika, chukuana na,

—— n. mgonjwa [wa-], mwels | wa-
welt |,

Patois, n. (/ugha ya kimashaméa,
maneno ya kugotagota, ya kwao\,

Patriarch, n. [msee mkuu mwenyi

7 PAUPERIZE

heshima); (ancestor) babu; (chief
bishop) askofu mkuu.

Patriarchal, a.-a Patriarch.

Patriarchate, n. [4azt ya, ao jimbo
la, Patriarch ].

Patrician, n. sieki [ma-), sharifu.

Patrimony, n. urithi.

Patriot, n. [ mtu wa kujitoanafsi kwa
ajili ya kabila lake ao mji wake),
mpenda kwao, mfia nduguze.

Patriotic, a. -a Patriot.

Patriotism, n. [taba ao matendo ya
Patriot].

Patristic, a. [-a wazee na waalimu
wa kale wa kimasthiya).

Patrol, n. (asikari) mlinzi (wa-],
mngoje [wa-], mwenyi zamu.

v. shika kingojo (zamu) ya
asikari, ngojea, linda.

Patron, a. baba, bwana, mfathili.
Patron saint,| mtakatifu marehemu,
athaniwaye kuwa haswa mtunza
mtu fullani ao nyumba ao inchi),

Patronage, n. fathili, upendeleo,
tunza, msaada.

Patronize, v. sayidia, tunza, fathili,
pendelea; (buy of) nunulia, nu-
nua kwa; ; (depreciate) rahkzsisha,
Jiona | jifanya) mkuu kuliko.

Patten, n. kiatu [vt-, cha mti),
mtaawanda |mi-|.

Patter, v. figapiga [kama kishi-
ndo cha mvua ikidondoka); (talk:
foolishly) #ayuka.

—— n. vishindo ; (gossip) mapayo.

Pattern, n. (sample) namna; (of
work) kielezo |vi-), cheo; (figure)
sanamu, kazi; (perfection) kipeo,
kitu bora, namna ya wema.

Patty, nu. (maandasi yenyi nyama
ndant |.

Paucity, n. wchache, shidda, kuwa
haba.

Paunch, n. fumbo, kitumbo.

Pauper, n. maskini wa Muungu,
fukara hohe hahe, mkata; (as an
insult) kibapara |vi- |.

Pauperism, n. umasikini, ufakiri ’
ukafa.

Pauperise, v. fanya masikini, vulia
umasikini.

PAUSES

Pause, v. simama kidogo, koma; (be
silent) myamaa, kaa kimya.

—n. muda, kitambo, pindi; (in-
terval) kikomo, kituo; ; (silence)
kimya.

Pave, v.tia mawe chini,sakifu. Pave
the way for, fanya tayari kwa,
andaha.

Pavement, n.[mawe makubwa sawa
ya kutembelea), sakafu ya mawe,
Pavilion,n. tema kubwa, banda zuri.

Paw, n. mguu [mi-, wa ‘nyama).

—— v. parapara, kanyaga.

Pawn, v. weka (tia) rahani.

—— n. (chess) kifunda |vi-). Put in
pawn, weka rahani.

Pawnbroker, n, [akopeshaye fetha
kwa rahani, atwaaye rahani |.

Pay, n. ijara, ujira, mshahara, pesa,
haki.

— v. (p. t. na pf. t. Paid) dpa, toa
Setha, kabithi, rithisha; (reward)
jast, tusa, lipa; (punish) éa
athabu, patiliza; (be of profit)
jaa, -wa fayida. Pay attention
(regard, respect, &c.) to, angalia,
heshimu, jali. Pay out, Zifiza
kisasi. Pay one’s way, si -wa na
dent. Pay court to, jipendekeza
kwa. Paya visit, enda kutasama
[Ausalimu, kuzuru, kuamkia |).

Payable, a. -a kulipwa.

Paymaster, n. karani (wa kulipa
asikari ao baharia).

Payment, n. malipo.

Pea, n. dengu, mbaazi | ya kizungu).

Peace, n. amani, salamu, raha, utu-
dsuu. Keep the peace, si fanya
uthia, st sumbua watu, tulia.

Peaceable, a. -#ulivu, -enyi amani,
-a kutaka amani, taratibu, -pole.

Peacemaker, n. msuluhishi {wa-]},
mpatanishi [wa-].

Peace-offerings, n. thabihku, urathi,
kitulizo.

Peach, n. (kama mkungu na ma-
tunda yake kisungu).

Peacock, n. /ats?.

Peak, n. kilele (wi-], ncha ya juu.

Peaked, a. -@ kuchongoka, -enyi

e.

278

PEDESTAL

Peal, v. za [ama kengele ao ngu-
rumo \.

—— n. mlio (wa kengele |, jamii | ya
kengele nyingi |; (of thunder) radi,
nguUruUmo.

Pear,n.[tundalakizungu,kama pera).

Pearl, n. (ul.

are n. mkulima |wa-), kibarua

vi-

Peasantry, n. wakulima, vibarua.

Peat, n. [Lama misizi ya majani
tmelanganana pamoja chini).

Pebble, n. mbwe, kijiwe cha mviri-
ngo, kijiwe cha pwani, changarawi.

Pebbly, a. -cnyi Pebbles.

Peceadillo, n. kosa dogo.

Peok, n. (kipimo cha kizungu kama
pishi "nne|.

—— v. donoa, piga mdomo.

Pectoral, a. -a kifua, -a kidari.

Peculation, n. 4222 [wa kutbia seri-
kali).

Peculiar, a. -a peke yake, -sio na
mfano; (particular) -a bidii, hadisi,
zayidi; (strange) -gent, ajabu.
My own peculiar property, mals

yangu mimi mwenyewe. Peculiar
to, kaswa -a. It is a custom
peculiar to the Hindus, #2 desturi
ya Wahindi kaswa peke yao, st
wangine, An animal peculiar to
Australia, nyama wa Australia fu
bass, wa mtindo wa Australia.

Peculiarity, n. (difference) Zofauti,
halt (mtinde, tabia | ya peke yake ;
(strangeness) upya, ugeni.

Peculiarly, adv. (especially) saysdz,
haswa, halisi; (strangely) vigenz,
ajabu.

Pecuniary, a. -a fetha.

Pedagogue, n. mwalimu |ajeleaye
walimu wake, mpiga ubwana}.

Pedal,n. (kipandecha kinanda,kwere-
20, Src., cha kukanyagwa na miguu |.

Pedant, n. (ajiwunaye kwa elimu
yake), mjuvi.

Pedantic, a. -3 Pedant. Be pe-
dantic s uvisha.

Pedantry, n. (tabia ao kasi ya Pe~
dant], ujuvi.

Pedestal, n. (kipande cha chins ya

PEDESTRIAN 279

kitu kama kinara, nguzo, cha ku-
chukua.

Pedestrian, n. (aendaye kwa miguu|.

Pedestrianism, n. kwenda kwa mi-
guu.

Pedigree, n. 4#koo, nasaba, majina
ya wazee langu zamani, hesabu ya
vizazi.

Pedler, Pedlar, n. mchuruzi (wa-|,
mbazazi [wa- |.

Peel, n. (of fruit) ganda [ma-]; (of
a tree) gome [ma-].

v. ambua, papatua; (skin) chu-
na, bandua ; (neut.) ambuka, &c.
Peep, v. chungulia; (appear) cho-

moza, onekana,

n. kuchungulia; (of light)
mapambazuko, mwanzo. Peep-
hole, ufa wa kuchungulilia,

Peer, v. kama Peep.

—— 1. mwenzi, sawa, mfano; (titled
person) mtu wa jina, miu wa cheo
[wa daraja |.

Peerage, n. cheo kikubwa, jina, da-
raja ; (peers) | jamti ya wenyi cheo

ra).
Peerless, a. -s10 na kifani.
Peevish, a. -tundu, -tukutu.

Peg, n. chango [wy-], kisongo [vi-],
kiwango, kiwi; (plug) ngurust,
kizibo, kijiti, msomari ; (of musi-
cal instrument) est. Wooden
Pegs, mtsomari ya mti, visit.

Pelf, n. mal, mapato.

Pelican, n. (ndege mwenyi mdomo
mkubwa sana |.

Pelisse, n. [vazt la mwanamke, ka-
ma kisibau |.

Pellet, n. kidonge | vi. |.

Pell-mell, adv. bi faeriye, haraka-
haraka, kwa ta

Pellucid, a. -angafu, -eupe.

Pelt, v. tupia, pigia.

Pemmican, n. [mkate wa nyama

kavu).
Pen, v. andika | kwa kalamu); (shut
up) funga.
n. kalamu | ya wino); (nib)
ncha ya kalamu, kijembe; (enclo-
sure) 2222 | ma-), ua (nyua), kisi-
mba, tundu.

PENITENTIARY

Penal, a. -4 athabu, -enyi athabu,-a
walu waliopasiwa athabu. Penal
servitude, | kasi ya athabu gereza-
nt], minyororo, kufungwa.

Penalty, n, athabu, malipo, ki-
Sast.

Penance, n. athabu ya kutubisha,
kitubio.

Pence, pl. ya Penny.

Pencil, n. kalamu | ya mate, si ya
wino|.

Pendant, n. (kitu kitundikwacho);
(ear-drop) kipuli, pete ya sikio.

Pendent, a. -a kuning'inia, -a ku-
angtka.

Pending, a. ~stokwisha bado, -nao-
kuja.

prep. wakali wa.

Pendulous, a. -a kuning'inia, -a ku-
wayawaya.

Pendulum, n. (kitu chenyi kuni-
nginia sawa sawa, mizani ya
saa, &C. |.

Penetrable, a. -a kuingilika; (in-
telligible) -a@ kutambulikana.

Penetrate, v. ingia, penya, choma,
pita kati ya; (to further side)
tumbusa; (affect deeply) ingia
moyoni, stusha roho ; (comprehend)
Jahamu kwa akili, elewa maana.

Penetrating, Penetrative, a. -a
kupenya ndani; (severe) -kali;
(clever) -a akili nyingi.

Penetration, n. kupenya, kuingilia ;
(power of piercing) nguvu ya ku-
penya, ukali ; (understanding) aki-
li, busara.

Penguin, n. (ndege mnene wa maji
asiyeweza kuruka juu|.

Penholder, n. salamu.

Peninsula, n. (inchi iliyo kama ki-
Siwa, karibu kuzungukwa na maji,
kisiwa kwa nussu),

Peninsular, a. -2 Peninsula.

Penitence, n. foba, majuto.

Penitent, a. -enyi kutubu, -a toba.

Penitential, a. -z Penitence.

Penitentiary, n. -a@ Penitence;
(reformatory) gereza ; (refuge) nyu-
mba ya kukimbilia (watu watubiao
thambi zao), pa kutubia.

#

PENENIFE

Penknife, n. kisu kidogo [cha ku-
kunja|, "kiwembe [wé-].

Penmanship, n. mwandiko (wa ka-
lamu).

Pennant, n. (bendera ndefu nye
mbamba ya manowari |.

Penniless, a. -stye na pesa moja,
fukara hohe hahe.

Pennon, n. = Pennant.

Penny, n. (pl. Pence, Pennies)
(sarafu ya shaba kii ereza, tha-
mani yake pesa 'nne). Pennies,
[Penny nyingi moja moja). Pence,
Ujumla ya Penny nyingi, ao tha-
mani yake|.

Penny-a-liner, n. (mwandishi wa
ovyo).

Pennyweight, n. (kipimo chenyt
uthanit wa 24 Grains, sehemu ya
asharini ya reale moja ya Sham).

Pennyworth, n. | kifu cha pesa 'nne
thamani yake |.

Pension, n. | ajira pasipo kazi kwa
ajili ya kasi stlizopita zamani);
(maintenance) posho.

Pensionary, 2. -<£nyi kupewa Pen-
sion, -4 Pension.

Pensioner, n. mwenyi kulipwa
Pension.
Pensive, a. -enyt mawazo, -a kuwa-

sawasa, -a huzuni, -sito,

Pent, pt. sa pf. t. ya Pen.

Pentagon, n. (kifu chenyi pande
tano).

Pentameter, n. (ushairi wenyi ma-
fungu matano).

Pentateuch, n. (vilabu vitano vya
kwanza vya Bible, vitabu vya
Musa).

Pentecost, n. (siku kuu ya kimasz-
hiya, siku ya hamsini baada ya
tify stku kuu ya Roho Mtaka
be,

roe n. kipenu (ve-], kibanda

vi-

Penultimate, a. (-4a mwisho illa
moja).

Penurious, a. -enyt Penury.

Penury, n. umasikini, ufukara.

Peony, n. (wa kubwa jekundu sana
kama damu).

280

PERDITION

People, n. watu; (nation) jamii ya
watu, taifa (ma-J; (populace)
makutano, watu wanyonge, watu
wa ovyo. People say, husema,
huvuma. Other people's, -a watu.
People like us, wa kima sisi,
Abdallah's people, wa kina Abd- -
allah.

v. zaza watu.

Pepper, n. pslipili manga; (red)
pilipili hoho.

——_ V. nyunyisia, piga piga.

Pepper-corn, n. chembe ya pilt-
pili.

Peppery, a. -kali, -a harara.

Pepsine, n. (dawa moja ya kutuliza
tumbo).

Peradventure, adv. labuda, hu-
enda, kwa nasibu.

Perambulate, v. tembea katika, pita
hats ya.

Perambulator, n. (| gar: dogo la ku-
tembelezea watoto\.

Per annum, adv. kila mwaka. Per
cent., Awa killa mia, Six per cent.,
mia kwa sita. Per se, peke yake
[ yao, &c.].

Perceivable,
lika.

Perceive, v. ona, fahamu, sikia.

Percentage, n. fayida, chumo.

Perceptible, a. = Perceivable.

Perception, n. kuona, akili sa ku-
ona, ufahamifu.

Perceptive, a. -enys Perception.

Perch, n. kituo, kitulio, kiota;
(measure) | kipimo cha urefu, pima
tatu kassa vobo|; (fish) (samaki ya
milo mwenyi miiba).

v. kua, tulia | ndege|.

Perchance. adv. /abuda, huenda,
kwa nasibu.

Percolate, v. chuja, vuja, penya.

Percolation, n. kuchuja.

Percolator, n. (strainer) kung'ulo
Uma-), kumunto, cha kuchujia.

Peroussion, n. kugonga, mgongo,
mshindo.

Percussion-cap, n. fataki.

Perdition, n. uharibifu, maanga-
mist, kupotelea mbali, jehannum.

a. -a kuoneka, -a kuju-

PEREGRINATE

Peregrinate, v. tembea tembea katika
inchi ngeni, safiri, hamahama.

Peregrination, n. safari, matembezi.

Peremptorily, adv. wikali, kwa
nguvu.

Peremptory, a. -4 sharti, -a lazima,
-kalt, -a ubwana, -a tamma.

Perennial, a. -4 siku zote, -a da-
yima.

Perfect, a. kamili, -kamilifu, -timi-
lifu, -zima.

Perfectible, a.-a kukamilikana.

Perfection, Perfectness, n. kuwa
kamili, ukamilifu, utimilivu, ust-
tawi, upeo.

Perfectly, adv. pia, kabisa, halisi,
kamili,

Perfidious, a. si -aminifu, -janja,
-baya, -wongo.

Perfidy, n. kuvunja ahadi, ujanja,
ubaya, uwongo. j

Perforate, v. toboa, fumbua, zua, pe-
kecha.

Perforation, n. Zundu [ma-], ki-
tundu (vi-).

Perforator, n. kipande cha kutobolea.

Perforce, adv. sharlii, lazima, ha-
kuna buddi.

Perform, v. fanya, fanyiza, tenda,
maliza, tekeleza, ttmiliza ; (repre-
sent, act) cheza, -wamo mchezoni.

Performance, n. kufanya, &c. (Taz.
Perform) ; (deed) kifendo, kazi;
(acting) mchezo; (achievement)
tendo bora, tendo kuu. Give a
performance, zoa mchezo.

Performer, n. mtu wa kutenda;
(actor) [mtu wa ngomani, mtu wa
kucheza wazi mbele ya watu,
mtu wa kufanya tamasha).

Perfume, n. manukato, mrasht, ma-
rashi; (smell) utamu, manuka.

- Perfumer, n. mwuza marashi.

Perfumery, n. namna za marashi.

Perfunctory, a. -4 uzembe, pasipo
bidii, -a purukushani, -a haraka.

Perhaps, adv. /aéuda, huenda, kwa
nasibu.

. Peril, n. #tafari, mashaka. You will

go at your peril, jus yako kwenda,

ukienda utaona, hatari kwenda.

281

PERMIT

Pat in peril, pomza, hatirisha, tid
hatarimt.

Perilous, a. -eny2 hatari.

Perineum, n. uwinda.

Period, n. muda mkamilifu ; (time)
kipindi, wakali, muhulla, majira,
(in rhetoric) = Sentence, ( fungu
la maneno mengi pamoja). Flow-
ing periods, wsem: mwingi, USEMI
kama maji, Of the period, -@ za-
mani hizi.

Periodic, Periodical, a. -enyi mu-
hulla zake, -enyi vipindi vyake,
enyi kuja wakali wake sawa
sawa, -4 mudamuda.

Periodical, n. | kitabu cha habari ao
hadithi kitolewacho kipya marra
kwa marra kwa siku yake, kama
gazeti |.

Periodicity, n.
Periodic |.

Periphrasis,n. fumbo la maneno, ma-
neno ya kuzunguka, maneno mengi.

Perish, v. -fa, potea, haribika, anga-
mta; (decay) chakaa, fifa; (dis-
appear) Zoweka, enda zake | zao,
&c. |, kwisha.

(kali ya kuwa

.Perishable, a. -a kupotea, -a kuha-

ribika, si -enyi aushi.
Peritoneum, n. kitambi cha tumbo.
Periwinkle, n. (konokono ndogo za
pwani; (flower) ua dogo).
Perjure (oneself), v. apa uwongo,
vunja uapo ao ahadi, fanya suri,
Perjurer, Perjured person, n,
mwapa uwongo, mfanya zuri. j
Perjury, n. zuri, azur, kuapa uwo-
ngo.
Perk, v. simikisha, inua.

Permanence, n. aushi, udumu,
uthabiti.

Permanent, a. -enyi kuishi, -a da-
yima.

Permeate, v. chuja, nywewa .na,
pita kati ya.

Permissible, a. halali, -a kufaa, -a
kukubalika.

Permission, n. ruksa, ruhusa,

Permissive, a. -a kutoa ruhusa.

Permit, v. acha, ruhusu, -pa ruhusa,
jalia, halalisha.

PERMIT

Permit, n. ruhusa, chets.

Permutation, n. kubadilika, maba-
dili.

Pernicious, a. -enyi mathara, -baya,
-poteve, -a shari.

Peroration,n. | mwisho wa hotuba ao
maneno \.

Perpendicular, 2. -a kiwimawima,
(sawa na timazt, -a kwenda juu ao
chini sawasawa |.

Perpetrate, v. Zenda, fanya | neno
kuu ao baya|.

Perpetration, n. kutenda, kufanya.

Perpetrator, n. mienda, mfanya.

Perpetual, a. -a dayima, -a siku
zote, -a marra kwa marra. Per-
petual motion, Aujrendaenda tu.

Perpetuate, v. dumisha, katisha,
endeleza.

Perpetuation, n. kudumisha, kukaa.

Perpetuity, n. umilele, aushi, ufu-
lizo. In perpetuity, pasipo mwisho.

Perplex, v. tatiza, tatantsha, fatha-
isha, kang’ anya.

Perplexity, n. matata, mashaka, fa-
thaa.

Perquisite, n. ada.

Perseocute, v. sumbua, thulumu,
onea, chokosa, tesa, fukuza.

Persecution, n. uthalimu, fukuszo
[ma-], teso [ma-].

Persecutor, n. mthalimu, mchokozi,
mtest.

Perseverance, n. udumu, uthabt(i,
uvumilivu, uendelest.

Persevere, v. dumu, jikaza, shika
kazi, st shindwa.

Persevering, a. -enyi Persever-
ance,

Persia, n. Ajjemi.

Persian Gulf, n. bakari 12’ als.

Persist, v. dumu, fulisa, endelea,
shinda, kakamia.

Persistence, Persistency, n. ku-
dumu, ushupafu, ukakamisi.

Persistent, a. -2 kukaa, thabiti,
-shupafu, -kakamizt.

Person, n. mix | wa-|; (appearance)
sura, umbo; (individuality) nafs.
In person, nafsi yake, -enyewe. In
the person of, katika.

282

PERTINENT

Personable, 2. -enyi sura n2uri,
~2Urs.
Personage, n. mtu mkubwa, mtu
wa fahari | ajifanyaye mkubwa |.
Personal, a. -4 mfu, -a Mwenyewe,
-angu |-ako, -ake, Sc. | mwenyewe;
(individual) -a peke yake; (of a
person) -a sura, -a umbo; (critical,
offensive) -a kushitaki, -a kuchukiza,
-a kutukana. Make personal re-
marks on, sengenya, sula, singtzia.

Personality, n. nafsi [ya mtu];
(offensive criticism) masuto, ma-
SENQILIO.

Personally, adv. -enyewe, nafsi yaki
[ yao, &c.], peke yangu | yako, dcc. |.

Personalty, n. vyombo, fetha, vifaa,
mapambo.

Personate, v. jifanya, jigeuza, iga.
Personify, v. fanya mtu, wekea
utu; (embody) -wa nafsi yake.
Perspective, n. | kuandika vitu kwa

ginst vionekanavyo kwa macho,
wala sivyo vilivyo kwa kwels|.
Perspicacious, a. -enyi akili sa ku-
Jahamu.
Perspicacity, n. ufahanifu, akili.
Perspicuity, n. uththirifu, uwazi.
Perspicuous, a. thahkiri, batini, wast,
rahisi,
Perspiration, n. hart, jasho.
Perspire, v. toka jasho | hari).
Persuade, v. shawishi, vuta, ongoza,
shurutisha, sadikisha.
Persuasion, n. ushawishi, ushaushi,
mvuto; (opinion) #2a, moyo; (form
of religion) mathhabu, dini.
Persuasive, a. -enyt ushawishi
(Zaz. Persuasion).
Pert, a. -juvi, -fithuli, safthi, si
adabu

Pertain, v. -wa mali | ya), wa
katika, pasa, rejea.

Pertinacious, a. (resolute) shadst:,
-gumu, -shupavu ; (obstinate) -ka-
idi, -tundu.

Pertinacity, n. uthabiti, &c.; uha-
idi, Sc.

Pertinence, Pertinency, n. kufaa,
kuwa na maana, ulinganifu.

Pertinent, a.-4 kufaa, -a kupasa, &c.

PERTNESS

Pertness, n. ufthuls, ujuvi.

Perturb, v. fathaisha, harakisha,
sumbua, tia mashaka.

Perturbation, n. fathaa, haraka.

Peruke, n. (| kofia ya nyele).

Perusal, n. kusoma.

Peruse, v. soma sana, tazamia,

Pervade, v. exea kotehote katika,
penya pote pa.

Pervasive, a. -a kuenea kotekote, 8c.

Perverse, a. -potoe, -tundu, -kaidi,

Perversion, n. kupotosha, kugeuka
vibaya (Taz. Pervert).

Perversity, n. upotoe, &c. (Taz,
Perverse).

Pervert, v. ongoza vibaya, potosha,
geuzavibaya,haributabia[dini | ya,

—— n. (mwongofu aliyekufure).

Pervious, a. -a kupitika, -a ku-
endeka.

Pessimism, n. | kusema, "Mambo yote
ya ulimwengu yalivyo, ndivyo vi-
baya kabisa, ulimwengu ni mambo
te’; moyo wa kukata tamaa|.

Pessimist, n. (asiikaye Pessimism |.

Pest, n. (disease) fauns; (nuisance)
mtu mbaya, kitu kibaya na kisu-
mbuacho, baa | ma-|).

Pester, v. sumbua, utht, chokosa.

Pestilence, n. faunt, wadbba.

Pestilent, Pestilential, a. -a ku-
thuru, -a kuharibu afya, -baya,
haribifu, -a shart.

Pestle, n. mchi [mi-], mti [wa ku-
twangia|\, miwango.

Pet; n. chuki ya ghdfala, moyo juu,
mfundo; (favourite) kipenzi. He
is in a pet, amekasirika,

lea, bembelesa.

Petal, n. (sehemu ya ua yenyi rangi |.

Petition, n. kaja, maombi, dua.

—— v. tolea haja, omba, sthi, la-
lama.

Petitioner, n. mwenyi haja, nrwo-
mbaji.

Petrel, n. (ndege wa bakari).

Petrifaction, n. kugeuka jiwe, ku-
fanyika jiwe.

Petrify, v. geuza | kuwa |) jiwe, fanya
jiwe; (astonish) shangaza, tia
bumbuazi.

aan VY,

283

PHIAL

Petroleum, n. mafuta Amertkano.

Petticoat, n. (nguo ya mwanamke,
ya kumshuka miguunt).

Pettifogger, n. (asishughulishaye
kwa mambo manyonge na mabaya|,
ayari.

Pettish, a. -tukutu, -a chukichuki.

Petty, a. -dogo, hafifu, thatfu.

Petulance, n. utukufu, Sc, (Taz.
Petulant).

Petulant, a. -fukufu, -a chuki, -cpesi
kwa hasira.

Pew, n. kibaraza (cha kukaa watu
ndani ya kanisa), ubau, kiti.

Pewit, n. (ndege ya Ulaya kama
njiwa).

Pewter, n. (madini iliyofanyika kwa
kuchanganya lisasi na bati ao
Zinc].

Phaeton, n. (gari la kuchukua wa-
tu, lenyi magurudumu manne).
Phalanx, n. (kikosi cha asikari wa-

liosongwa pamoja).
Phantasm, Phantom, n. kivuli,
tokeo | ma-), kizuka.
Phantasmagoria, n. (sanamu ya ku-
chesachera ; matokeo ya uwongo|.
Pharisaic, a. -nafiki.
Pharisaism, n. unafiki.
Pharisee, n. [ Farisayo | ma-), kama
Farisayo), mnafiki (wa-).
Pharmaceutic, a. -¢ Pharmacy.
Pharmacopoeia, n. (kitabu chenyt
habari ya ginsi yafanyizwavyo
madawa yote |.
Pharmacy, n. | maarifa ya kufanyiza
madawa; (shop) duka la mwuza
Pharos, n. (mara wenyi laa, kwanza
katika Iskanderia|.
Pharynz, n. umio, komio.
Phase, n. sura [ya kitu), mabadili
ya sura, namna, hali.
Pheasant, n. kuku wa mwitu.
Phenomenal, a. -@ Phenomenon,
-a ajabu sana, -a peke yake.
Phenomenon, n. (fact) kifu ey.
jambo [mambo\, meno ([ma-];
(curiosity) ‘¢skio [ma-], tokeo
Uma- |, ajabu, kizushi.

Phial, n. ktupa (vi-], kichupa.

PHILANTHROPIC

Philanthropic, a. -4 Philanthropy.

Philanthropist, n. mwenys Phil-
anthropy.

Philanthropy, n. kupendana na
watu wote, upendano, huruma.
Philatelist, n. |astikaye Philately |.
Philately, n. | kutafuta na kuweka
‘postage stamps,’ wa kuziandika

jamit |.

Philharmonic,a.-a kupenda Music.

Philippic, n. (maneno ya kushtaki

. nakutukana |, mashutumu, masuto,

Philological, a. -a Philology.

Philologist, n. mwalimu wa Philo-
logy.

Philology, n. (elimu ya lugha na
maneno |.

Philosopher, n. mwalimu wa Philo-
sophy.

Philosophical, a. -a Philosophy;
(calm) -tulivu, -stoshangalia neno,
-stoshiuka,

Philosophize, v. jifunza Philo-
sophy, jifanya Philosopher.

Philosophy, n. (elimu ya elimu zole,
ya asili ya mambo yote na vitu
vyote, ya kujua sababu na maana);
(wisdom) hekima, busara; (calm-
ness) uthabiti, utulivu.

Philter, n. (dawa ya kumtia ‘mtu
shauku).

Phlegm, n. delgkhamu, mate, maka-
masi; (dullness) baridi, usilo.

Phlegmatic, a. -/ulivu, baridi, -zito,
-stoshtuka,

Phoenix, n. (ndege altyehadithiwa
kufa na kufufuka palepale).

Phonetio, a. -@ mambo ya sauti, -a
sauli, -a ginsi ya kutamka.

Phonetics, n, (maarifa ya sauti na
tam'ko|)|.

Phonograph, n. (chombo cha ku-
andika yatam' kwayo na kuyatamka
yaleyale |

Phonology, n. (elimu ya kulam'ka

kwa sauti).
Phosphorescent, 2. -4 kumceha-
meta, -a kung'aa peke yake.

Phosphorus, n. (kitu kama nia
chenyi kung'aa gizani, na chepesi
kuwaka). '

284

PIANO

Photograph, n. (sanamu iliyopigwa
kwa kutumia nguvu ya mwanga,
st kwa kalamu), foto.

v. piga Photograph.

Photographer, n. mpiga Photo-
graph.

Photographic, a. -4 Photograph.

Photography, n. maarifa ya kupiga
Photograph.

Phrase, n. (fungu ([ma-] la maneno
machache), maneno, neno.

Phraseology, n. ginsi ya kufumia
MANENO, USEMI, Maneno.

Phrenological, a. -2 Phrenology.

Phrenologist, n. mwalimu wa
Phrenology.

Phrenology, n. (maarifa ya kuta-
mbua moyo kwa kutasama kichwa).

Phthisis, n. ukohozi, kifua.

Physic, n. dawa.

v. #ywesha dawa.

Physical, a. (natural) -a asili, -a vitu
vyote, -a viumbe; (visible) -a vyote
vionekanavyo; (material) -a kuo-

neka kwa macho; (not mental) sz

kwa akili ; (corporeal) -a mwiti;

(not moral) sé -a mayo; (of objects)

-@ vitu; (not of ideas) si -a@ ma-

wazo; (external) -a nje, st -a asili

ya ndani. <A physical necessity,
lazima halisi, hakuna buddi kabisa,

It is a physical impossibility,

hatwesekani kwa ote. He is

physically unfit, Aawess mwili
wake

Physician, n. Zabibu [ma-], mta-
bibu (wa-], mganga (wa-), daktari.
Physicist, n. mwalimu wa Physics.
Physics, n. (maarifa ya viumbe
vyote, ya yote yaonekanayo|).
Physiognomy, n. Sura, uso.
Physiography, n. (elimu ya hali na
tabia ya dunia kwa nje).
Physiology, n. (elimu ya mambo ya
vitu vyenyi usima),
Physique, n. mbo, sura, mwili.
Fine physigue, umbo msuri, ma-
un.

120.
Pianist, n. mchesa Piano.
Piano, Pianoforte, n. kinanda |ki-
kubwa chenyt nyusi ndani).

PIAZZA

Piasza, n. uwanda (wa kutembelea
mjini).

Pice, n. pesa, mapesa.

Pick, v. donoa, pekua; (choose)
chagua; (flowers, fruit) chuma;
(a hole) chokora. Pick off, piga
[mtu] bunduki, Pick up, okota,
zoa; (bit by bit) chota, dondoa,
kumbika; (get by chance) kuta,
kusanya, tafuta; (recover health)
pata nguvu [afya), -wa hajambo,

—Jipa nguvu, jimudu. Pick in bits,
nyakua, Pick the teeth, chokora
{sugua]| meno. Pick a fowl, nyonya,
Jutua. Pick a quarrel, vumbilia
vita (ugomvi), taka vita. Pick a
lock, fungua Pasipo ufunguo | kwa
msumari ao kulabu). Pick holes
in, Pick to pieces, (accuse) s:mgisia,
chongea, Pick a pocket, (shia mtu
njiani kwa siri),

n. (kama jembe lililochongoka ),
sululu, mchokoo; (best part) uteule,
-lto bora, kipeo.

Pickaxe, n. (jembe kubwa Hhililo-
chongoka), sululu.

Picked, a. -teule, bora.

Picket, n. kingojo cha asikari;
asikari walinzi; (peg) msomari[wa
mti), kijiti,

— v. wekea walinzi mbele.

Pickle, n. achali; (scrape) matata.

Pickpocket, n. mwizi (wezi, wa
kuibia watu kwa siri njiani|.

Picnic, n. kwenda kula shambani,
matembezi.

Pictorial, a. -4 sanamu,

Picture, n. sanamu, sura, taswira,
picha ; (likeness) mfano, methali.
——v. waza moyoni, eleza kwa maneno.
Picturesque, a. kama sanamu nzuri,
enyi sura nzuri, -a kupendeza ma-

cho.

Pie, n. robo pesa; (pastry) maandasi.

Piebald, a. -4 rangirangi, -a ma-

Piece, n. kipande ep fungu (ma-),
nussu, mkato |mi- |), sehemu; (of
cloth) kiraka, kitambaa; (whole
length) jwra; (gun) bunduki;
(coin) sarafu; (in music) wimbo;

285

PILE

(in art generally) kasi. In pieces,
vipande vipande, ‘Take to pieces,
vunja, kongoa. A piece of news
(of work, of impudence, &c.),
habari |kazi, ufithult, &c.). All
of a piece, yote sawasawa.

Piece, v. tengeneza, unganisha, cho-
melea.

Piecemeal, adv. kidogo kidogo, vi-
pande.

Piecework, n. | kazi ya kupata pesa
kwa kadiri ya kazi yenyewe, si ya
wakati wake, si kwa pesa za kufwa).

Pied, a. -a rangi mbalimbali, -a ma-
doadoa.

Pier, n. [Joma la mawe hkitokeza
bakarin:|; (pillar) msinji (ms-},
nguzo.

Pierce, v. foboa, zua, choma, penya,
fumbua; (affect deeply) penya,
ingia moyoni, umiza, choma.

Piercing, a. -a kupenya, -kali, -a
nguvu, -a kuchoma.

Pier- glass, n. [4:00 kikubwa cha ku-
angika ukutani).

Piety, n. uta wa, uchaji wa Muungu,
usufi, dint.

Pig, n. nguruwe, nguuwe; (piece of
unwrought metal) mkuo (mi-).
Pigeon, n. #jiwa. Pigeon English,
kiugha ya nussu kiingereza nussu

isina).

Pigeon-hole, n. fundu la njiwa;
(recess) (Zundu la kashani la ku-
wekea barua, hati, karatasi, &c.},
kishubaka |(vi- |).

Piggery, Pigsty, n. 2:2t la nguruwe.

Piggish, a. kama nguruwe, -chafu,
takataka,

Pig-headed, a. -kaidi, -tundu.

Pigment, n. rangi.

Pigmy, n. kibett, mtu mfupi sana,
mbilikimo.

Pigtail, n. (nyele ndefu za singa ki-
shogoni, shungi la kisina|).

Pike,n. mkuki | mfupi mnene); (fish)
(samaki wa mito mkali ).

Pilchard, n. (samaki wa bahari).

Pile, n. fungu (ma-), chungu [ma-];
(building) jumba [ma-]; (post)
nguso, mhimili (mi-); (funeral)

PILE

kuni [za kuchoma mayiti|; (of
wood) biwi [ #za-]}.

Pile, v. fanya chungu, pandtkisa,
kusanya, andikanya, panganya;
(of earth, concrete, &c.) palza,
fusia.

Piles, n. dawasir.

Pilfer, v. tha vidogo.

Pilgrim, n. mwenda haji, mhaji,
msafiri.

Pilgrimage, n. kwenda patakatifu ;
(tedious journey) safart ya taabu;
(to Mecca) haji.

Pill, n. kidonge (vt-) cha dawa.

Pillage, n. kuteka, mateka, nyara.

— v. teka. ,

Pillar, n. nguzo, mhimili (mi-).

Pillion, n. | tama korji).

Pillory, n. mkatale |wa kumfunga
mtu kitwa na mikono |.

Pillow, n. mto [mi-]; (large) takia
{ma-]; (of wood) msamelo. Pillow
end of bed, mchago.

Pillow-case, n. mfuko [mi-] wa
mio.

Pilot, n. rubani, kiongozi, mshiki
msukani.

—— v. ongoza, peleka, lekesa.

Pimple, n. kiwe (vi-), kipele (vi-|.

Pin, n. kisomari |vi- |, kupingo [ve-],
kiwi (v#-}.

—— v. funga, kasa. Pin one’s faith
on, amini, jelea, tegemea.

Pinafore, n. (nguo ya mtoto ya ku-
vaa mbele |.

Pincers, n. koleo |ma- |, mbano | mi-).

Pinch, v. finya, nyakua, bana;
(distress) onea, tia mazito, sumbua ;
(confine, starve) nyima, songa.
A pinched look, uso wa kufi-
nyana.

n. finyo [ma-]; (small quantity)
kidogo, kikofi; (difficulty) skidda,
mashaka, hatart. Ata pinch, ka-
tika mashaka, hatarini.

Pin-cushion, n. (kifu cha kuwekea
Pins].

Pine, n. msunobari (mi- |.

— v. fifa, chakaa, taka kufa, thoo-

fika. Pine for, Zamani sana, -wa
na shauko ya, chunuka,

286

PIROURTTE

Pine-apple, n. (plant) mnanasi
[wet-]; (fruit) nanast [ma-].

Pinion, n. ubawa [ma-]; (fetter)
Pingu ya mikono; | kigurudumu).

nga mikono.

Pink, a. -ehundu.

— n. [ua jekundu |); (perfection)
upe,

Pin-moneoy,n. | mali ya mke wa mtu,
mahari yake aliyowekewa |.

Pinnace, n. mashua | kubwa ya meri-
kebu|.

Pinnacle, n. kinara [vi-]}, kilele
la:-), kipeo [vs-].

Pint, n. | kipimo cha kizungu, kama
kibaba |.

Pioneer, n. mtangulist | wa-), mpe-
nyezi, mpelelezi tory. mtu wea

ansa, mtu wa mbele.
—— v. fangulia.
Pious, a. -(a’wa, -dint, -cha Mu-

—— Y,

ungu.

Pip, Pippin, n. kokwa dogo {ma-].

Pipe, v. piga filimbi [somart }.

—, Piping, n. mwansi [mi-],
mrija [mt-|, bomba; (musical)
somart, filimbi; (tobacco) kiko
[w-]; (for water) mfereji [ms-],
mchirizi [mt-]; (spout) Lopo, mli-
samu. Pipe bowl, dort. Pipe
stem, mwanst.

Pipe-clay, n. chaki,

Piper, n. mpiga filimbi [somari |.

Piping, a. -enyi sauti nyembamba
[kama ya makinda ya ndege);
= Pipe, n.

Pipkin, n. kijungu kidogo.

Piquant, a. -chungu, -kalz; (attrac-
tive) -a Autamanisha.

Pique, n. chuki, uchungu, kiburi,
mfundo.

—— v. chukisa, tia uchungu. Pique
oneself on, jivunia, jisifu kwa.

Piracy, n. eharamia | baharini |, kasi
ya Pirate.

Pirate, n. haramia [wa bahari);
(apigaye chapa vitabu isivyo ha-
lals}.

Piratical, a. -a Pirate.
Pirouette, n. msunguko | katika ku-

chesa ngoma).

PISCATORIAL

Piscatorial, Piscatory, a. -2 wvuvi.

Piscina, n. | birika ndogo kanisani ya
kuoshea vyomba |,

Pistil, n. (kitu kilicho katikati ya
ua chenyi mbegu).

Pistol, n. dastola.

Piston, n. | kifu cha Steam-engine,
kama mchi wa kinu).

Pit, n. shimo (ma-), tundu (ma-],
chimbo (ma-}; (mine) [fa kuchi-
mbulia makaa chini ya inchi);
(hell) akera; (ina theatre) (uwanja
wa katt ya Theatre]; (cock-pit)
| pa kushindantshia majogoo, &c. |.
Coal-pit, chimbo la makaa.

Pitch, n. (tar) Jamz; (throw) mfupo;
(in cricket) | peupe pa kuchezea);
(degree) kadiri | ya kuwa juu ao
chini); (musical) kadiri ya sauti
(mene ao nyembamba); (slope)
mshuko, anguko, telem'ko,

v. (throw) Zupa; (fix) kasa,
tengeneza ; (settle) tua, tulia; (of
ship, &c.) fanya mramma, tupwa
huko na huko; (music) kadirisha
sauli | kuwa nene ao nyembamba |.
Pitch tent, simikisha (tanda) he-
ma, piga hema. Pitch camp, zua,
fanya kituo (kambi). Pitch on,
kuta, angukia, patia, pata, Pitch
into, figa, endea kwa nguvu.
Come to a pitch, :va, endelea sana.
Pitch and toss, (kuchezea mapesa).
Pitched battle, vita kubwa, mapi-
gano makuu, vita barabba,

Pitcher, n. miungt |(mi-), gudulia
(ma-), kuzi.

Pitchfork, n. (| fimbo ya panda ya
tengenestea majani yalzyokatika),
kijiti cha panda.

Pitching, n. msukosuko, mramma.

Pitchpipe, n. | tifu cha kukadirishia
sautt |.

Pitchy, a. -eus?, -a isa.

Piteous, a. -a huzuni, -a kutia hu-

vuma.
Pitfall, n. shimo (la kutegea nyama |.
Pith, n. oyo wa mli; (of cocoa-nut)
shaha; (essence) asili, maana,
nguvu.
-Pithy, a. -enyi maana, -a Nguvu, -a

287

PLAID

akili ; (soft) -orvre, kama moyo wa
wets.

Pitiable, a. -eny: halt mbaya ya ku.
hurumiwa, -baya, -a maskini,

Pitiful, a. = Pitiable; (kind) -enyi
huruma.

Pitiless, a, -sto na huruma, -kali,
korofi.

Pitman,n. (mfanya kazi katika Pit).

Pittance, n. posho ndogo, sehemu
ndogo, chakula | pesa) haba.

Pity,n. huruma; (sad event) | jambo
la kuhurumia, la kujutika, la
kusikitikia) msiba (mi-). What a
pity, It is a great pity, msiba kweli
huo, jambo la kujutika sana.

Pivot, n. msomari wa kati | ya mvi-
vringo, ao ya kitu kisungukacho,
kama ya pia); (turning-point,
base, essence) asili, chimbuko, moyo.

Placability, n. upole, &c. (Taz.
Placable).

Placable, a. -fole, -tulivu, -a amani,
-a kusamehe.

Placard, n. (hati ya kubandika uku-
lani, yenyi kutangaza habari
wazi), hafi, mwandiko.

—— v. fangaza habari kwa Placard,

Place, n. makali, pahali; (open
area) uwanja, uwanda; (town)
mji; (country) inchi; (position,
rank) cheo, daraja, hali; (space)
nafasi; (in book) maneno, pane-
nwapo, mahali. Take place, -wa,
tukia, fanyika. Take the place of,
-wa mahali pa, -wabadala ya. Give
place to, ondokea, fanyia nafasi,
kubali. In place, pafaapo, makali
pake. Out of place, pasipofaa,

— v. weka, tia.

Placenta, n. kondo la nyuma.

Placid, a. -fulivu, -pole, -anana.

Placidity, n. ufulivu, 8c.

Plague, n. faumzt; (nuisance) kifu
kibaya cha kusumbua, leso | ma-];
(person) daa [ma-].

—— v. sumbua, utht, chokosa.

Plaice, n. [samaki ya bakari pana
na sawa)|.

Plaid, n. yew pana nene, kama
Blanket |. .

PLAIN

Plain, a. (clear) Ztahiri, wazi;
(flat) sawa; (unadorned) pasipo
uzuri [madaha, fahari, elimu,
akili, adabu); (straightforward)
“nyofu, -a kweli; (common) vivi
hivi, ovyo, -a kufuta, -dufu;
(simple) -tupu, peke yake.

—— n. snchi sawa na pana, uwanda,
wangwa.

Plain-dealing, n. unyofu, amini.

Plainness,n. (wwa Plain, a, |, utha-
hiri, unyofu, udufu, &c.

Plain-spoken, a. -nyofu, pasipo thts-
la

Plaint, n. maombolezo, vilio ; (griev-
ance) mashtaka.

Plaintiff, n. mshiaki |wa-), mwenyi
kudai, mdai ([wa-).

Plaintive, a. -a kuzuni, -a kulia.

Plait, v. suka, sokota.

n. kunjo (ma-|, kikunjo, upindo ;
(braid) £29we [vz-]. Plaits of hair,
masongamano ya nyele, masongo.

Plan, n. shauri (ma-|, mradi, nia,
kusudi; (method) njia; (sketch,
outline) sanamu, tarakibu,ramant.
Make (draw) a plan of a house,
toa nyumba.

— v. fanya shauri ya, azimu, nta ;
(design) rakibisha, andika, toa.

Plane, a. sawa (kwa upana|.

n. randa; (figure) | sanamu iliyo
sawa kwa upana); (tree) (mti).

—— v. piga randa.

Planet, n. (nyota kubwa yenyi
mw wa kuzunguka jua), sa-
yari (Ar.).

Planetary, a. -a sayari.

Plank, n. ubao (mbao).

Plant, v. panda, panda mbegu kats-
ka; (fix) weka, kaza, simamisha ;
(instil, teach) fundisha.

——n. mbegu, mche | mt-), chipukizi,
mmea |mi-); (instruments, £c.)
vyombo vya kufanyia kazi ,samani,
vite.

Plantain, n. (fruit) #disi; (plant)
mgomba [mi- |.

Plantation, n. shamba | ma-|).

Planter, n. mwenyeji wa shamba,
mpansi | wa-|.

288

PLAY

Planting, n. mpando.

Plash, n. shindo la maji.

Plaster, n. Jehokaa na maji), chokaa
nyeupe, chokaa, udongo ; (medical)
dawa ya kubandika, kibandiko.

v. paka, kandika; (in medicine)
bandika.

Plasterer, n. mwashi | wa-|.

Plastic, a. -a kufinyanga; (soft)
-ororo, -a kugeuka Uyo vyote,
(docile) -a kukubali mafundisho.

Plasticity, n. kuwa Plastic.

Plate, n. (for food) sahani, kisahani
loi-J), kombe; (sheet of metal)bamba
ma-); (silver vessels) vyombo vya
Jetha (thahabu); (picture) sanamu
ya kitabuni, choro | ma- |.

Plateau, n. (inchi iliyoinuka, sawa
na pana}. .

Plated, a. [-a kutiwa fetha ao tha-
habu nje, st fetha tupu).

Platform, n. jukwaa | ma-), mbau ;
(for sentry, open) 4/:ngo, (covered)
dungu (maj. (for grain, &c.)
uchala,utaa; (design, programme)
nza, mawazo, mashauri, imani.

Platinum, n. (madini nzito nyeupe
ya thamani).

Platitude, n. maneno baridi, -a
ujinga, -a ovyo.

Platonic, a. Platonic affection, [4z-
Penda kwa akili, si kwa ng’oa ao
tamaa, mahabba baridi |.

Platter, n. sakani, kombe (ma-],
hero.

Plaudit, n. makelele ya salama [ya
kusifu), masifu.

Plausibility, n. mapendezi, kuwa
Plausible,

Plausible, a. -4 kuji
kuvuta, -enyi mas.
kweli, kama -ema.

Play, v. cheza ; (music) Piga; (act)
jifanya; (be active) enda, tenda
kasi. Play into the hands of, -wa
shauri moja na, sayidia, patia
Jayida. Play (one) false, danganya.
Play truant, Zoroka. Play upon,
geuza, fanyia werevu. Play the
tool with, pusska na.

— n. mcheso (mi-); (jest) msa-

keza, -a
hi, kama

a

PLAYED OUT

ha [mi-];
(drama) [ mchexo kama vinyago);
(of words) mageuzi, fumbo; (room)
nafasi, ruhusa. His faculties
are in full play, nguvu zake stna-
mwenda. Keep in play, shughu-
lisha, shindisha, kawilesha. Bring
into play, Zendeza kasi yake,
tumtsha. Come into play, anza,
tenda kazi, tumika.

Played out (Be), v. choka, legea,
shindwa

Playful, a. -cheshi, -a kucheza, -a
mzaha, -chekefu.

Playground, n. vwanda, uga; (en-
closed) wa, kitalu.

Playing-cards, n. karata.

Plaything, n. (kifu cha kuchezea
mtoto), kipusi (vi-), takataka.

Plea, n. maombi, maneno, sababu,
hoja, uthuru, udaka.

Plead, v. (ask) omba, sthi; (urge)
toa maneno, teta. Plead guilty,
kirt kosa, ungama. Plead for,
ombea, tetea.

Pleader, n. mdai (wa-), mwana
sheria, mwombezi.

Pleading, n. maneno [ya mbele ya
kathi, ya hukumuni); (asking)
maombi, maombezi.

Pleasant, Pleasing, a. -a kupendeza,
-surt, -tamu. <A pleasant person
(to talk to), mtu wa kuambiltka,

Pleasantry, n. msala, masungumeo
malamu, upendezi.

Please, v. pendeza, rithisha | fura-
hisha, pata ukubali, tulilia ; (like,
choose) penda, taka, chagua. Be
pleased, pendezwa; (think right)
penda, ona njema, taka. Please
oneself (do as one likes), ‘umia
roko. Justas you please, upendavyo,
Atari yako. \t pleased him, aliona
njema, ilimkalia tamu. Please, if
you please, tafathal:, kunrathi,
uwe rathi.

Pleasurable, a. -4 kupendeza.
Pleasure, n . furaha, anasa, mchezo;
(pleasing thing) # zi [ma-].
Plebeian, a. -shenszi, -nyonge, pasipo

cheo, pasipo adabu,

289

(movement) mwendo ;| Pledge, n. (token) rakani, arabuni,

PLOUGH

amana, kabalhi ; (promise) ahadi,
thamana, sharti, daraka.

— v. weka rahani ,Junga kwa ahar
di, ahidi. Pledge word, honour,
&c., jifunga kwa uapo, weka sharti,
diriki, ahidi.

Pleiades, n. kilimza.

Plenary, a. kamili, -ote, -zima, -ingi.

Plenipotentiary, n. mjumbe (wa-|
wa mfalme (mwenyi uwezo kama
mfalme kwa kazi fullani |, mjumbe
mkuu.

Plenitude, n. ukamilifu wingi.
Plenteous, Plentiful, a. -2m92, ma-
rithawa, tele, furifure, farafara.
Plenty, n. wingi, marithawa. Plenty

of food, chakula tele.

Pleonasm, n. maneno mengi, ma-
neno burre.

Pleonastic, a. -2 Pleonasm.

Plethora, n. damu nyingt; (over-

abundance) wingi kwa mno.

Pleurisy, n. (ugonjwa wa mbavunti|.

Pliability, n. kuwa Pliable, kupi-
ndikana, kugeuka.

Pliable, Pliant, a. -a kugeuka, -a
kupindika; (docile) -a kurudtka, -a
kusikia maneno; (yielding) Zaini,
-0rore.

Pliers, n. £zkoleo.

Plight, n. halt, mambo.

—— v. (toa kama ahadi ao rahant’,
ahidi.

Plod, v. (enda, ao fanya kazi, pole-
pole na kwa shidda\, shika kusoma,
fuliza kazi, dumia kazi.

Plodder, n. mdumia kazi ; (student)
mtaalt.

Plodding, a.
endelezi,

Plot, n. shauri, shauri baya, hila,
mtego; (of ground) shamba, konde,
kiwanja; (of story) kadithi, asili
ya hadithi.

—— v. fanya shauri baya | ya hila,
ya siri).

Plotter, n. mfanya hila [shaurt ya
Siri).

Plough, n. (| jembe kubwa la kuko-
kotwa na ng'ombe).

-2 kudumia kazi,

U

PLOUGH

Plough, v: /ima kwa Plough.

Ploughman, n. mlimajt.

Ploughshare, n. chuma cha Plough.

Plover, n. (ndege kama njiwa).

Pluck, n. finyo, kunyakua; (courage,
spirit) uthabiti, ushupafu, moyo
mgumu, macho 'makavu, ushujaa,
moyo wa kiume.

—— v. nyakua, finya; (maize, &c.)
goboa, konyoa; (fruit, flowers, &c.)
chuma; (rob) komba; (in examina-
tions) kataa: (hairs, fowl' s feathers,
Sc.) nyonyoa, futua. Pluck up,

ng'oa. Pluck up courage, piga
moyo konde.
Plucky, 2 a. -enyt moyo wa kiume,

-shujaa, -a kiume.

Plug, n. zibo (ma-), nguruszi, ki-
zibo, hasho | ma-).

v. ziba, funga.

Plum, n. (kama sambarau).

Plumage, n. manyoya [ ya ndege).

Plumb, v. pima kwa Plumb.

——, Plumb-line, n. timasi, chu-
bwi.

Plumbago, n. | tama chaki nyeusi |.

Plumber, n. | fundi wa vitu vya li-
sast, mfanyisa kasi ya lisast |.

Plume,n. nyoya (ma- |, bawa [ma-] ;
(tuft) (Pambo la nyele ao mangoya
kitwani |, shungt, shada la manyoya.

Plume oneself, jivuna,

Plummet, n. “mast, chubwi.

Plump, a. -enyi mafuta tele, -nene;
(of an animal) -20no.

v. anguka, jitupa, jilumbukiza.
Plump for, chagua ( fullani] peke
yake | kwa Vote}.

Plumper, n. [Vote ya kuchagua mtu
mmoja peke yake).

Plumpness, n. mafuta, unene, uno-
no, kuviringana.

Plunder, n. mateka, nyara.

— v. teka.

Plunderer, n. mfekaji.

Plunge, v. kupa ghdfala, tumbukisza,
chovya; (force into) éngisa, tia
katika ; (neut.) sttupa, ruka, randa,
enda kwa nguvu (kwa haraka);
(thrust oneself ifinto) Jiingisa; (dive)
zama.

—— Y,

290

POET

Plunge, n. mtupo | mwendo| wa ghd-
fala, mruko, mshindo; (dive) ku-
sama,

Plunging, a. -a kujitupa, -a ku-
vuka, -a kuranda

Plural, a. zayidi ya -moja, -tngi.

n. (plurality) wingi.

Pluralist, n. (| padre mwenyi msha-
hara wa kazi mahali pawili ao
zayidi).

Plurality, n. wingi.

Plus, prep. Pamoja na, zaidi ya.
Plus sign, (alama ya kujumlisha,
ndio hii + |.

Plush, n. (nguo yenyi malaika ao
manyoya, kama Velvet|.

Plutocracy, n. [matajiri kutawala,
hukumu kwa matajiri |.

Plutocrat, n. ajiri wa nguvu.

Plutonic, a. -a ahera, -a chini sana,
-@ moto.

Pluvial, a. -a mvua, -a kazi ya mvua.

Ply, v. (a trade) shika, fulisa, tenda,
Janya marra kwa marra; (pass to
and fro) enda na kurudi. "Ply with
(drink, questions), fanyia | elea)
marra kwa marraf vileo, haja, &c. }.

Pneumatic, a. -a hewa, -a nguvu ya
hewa.

Pneumatics, n. (elimu ya hewa na
mambo yake |.

Pneumonia, n. ugonjwa wa pafu,
kifua.

Poach, v. [winda katika mashamba
ya watu isivyo halali, iba mawi-
ndo); (eggs, &c.) kanga.

Poacher, n. mwizi [wa kuwinda).

Pocket, n. mfuko (mi-). Be out of
pocket, toa gharama.

— v. tia mfukoni, futika; (steal)
iba; (endure) vumilia.

Pocket-book,n. kilabu cha kufutika.

Pocket-handkerchief, n. /eso Haku
futia kamasi), kitambaa,ankachi,

Pocket- money, n.| pesa kidogo sa
futika).

Pod, n. ganda [ma-), mifuko [msz-],
tumba; (of a bean), kunde ukunde.

Poem, n. "mashairi; (religious) ssfenss.

Poet, n. mtunga mashairi [wa-},
mshairi (wa-}.

POETIC 291

Poetic, Poetical, a. -a. Poet, -a
Poetry.

Poetry, Poesy, n. mashairi; (of style)
uzuri ao fasaha halisi ya kuththi-
risha mawazo). Write poetry,éunga
[dtent] mashatri. A line of poetry,
shairi.

Poignancy, n. uchungu, ukali.

Poignant, a. -kali, -enyi kutia uchu-

ngu.

Point, n. ncha; (ofinstrument) ncha,
chembe (vy-)|), chuma; (of rocks)
kilele [vi-|; (dot) kidea, kiwaa,
kipako, nukta; (place) mahali pa-
dogo, mahalihalisé: (time) dakika,
wakali halisi ; (matter) jambo mo-
ja, jambo, neno, kitu; (meaning)
maana, kusudi, asile; (degree) da-
raja, cheo. At all points, pande
zole, kabisa, hafast. To the point,
In point, -enyi maana, -a akili, -a
kufaa; -a kupasa. At the point of
death, #ufami. On the point of,
katika, karibu na. 1 was on the
point of saying, salttaka kusema
pale pale. On the point of de-
parture, katika kuondoka. Point of
view, ginsi. ya kuangalia, shauri.
Make a point of, shika sana, kaza
bidii, soca sana, fanya siku zote.
Make a point, endelea, jipatia sifa
(daraja, fayida, kushinda, &c. ].
Carry a point, shinda, pata, Bring
to a-point, kala maneno, jumlisha,
Come. to the point, zsha, maliza,
kata neno. Strain (stretch) a point,
kubali kwa shidda ; ruka mpaka,
fanya isiyo haswa halali, vuta
hukumu. A point, A strong point,
jambo kubwa, sababu njema, sifa
asurt, Points of the compass,
Cardinal points, njia za pepo. Points
- (in a railway), njia panda, Good
(bad) points, sabia nzuri (mbaya).
Point (of a dog), kuonya ndege.

—— v. (make pointed) chonga; (iron)
tambusa; (direct) elekesa, kabilisha,
nyosha, onyesha; (punctuate) ta
nukia; (finish off masonry) fomea;
(direct finger to) onya kwa kidole,

POLECAT

Point to, onyesha ; (suggest) elekea,
kabili.

Point-blank, adv. sawa sawa, pale
pale, wazi wazi.

Pointed, a. -/tochongoka, -embamba
mwisho [schani), -kalt; (forcible)
-enyt maana, -a akili; (sarcastic)
-a kutia uchungu, -kalt,

Pointer, n. (mbwa wa kuwinda,
mwepesi kuonya ndege ao nyama).

Pointing, n. kuchonga ( Taz. Point,
v.), kuonya; (punctuation) kutia
nukta, nukta; (in masonry) kufo-
mea, mtomo.

Pointless, a. fastfo Point; (stupid)
hafifu, -pumbafu, -a ovyo, It is
pointless (dull speech), waina
kiungo;

Pointsman, n. (mlinzi wa njia pa-
nda ya Railway).

Poise, v. weka sawasawa | kama.
kwa mizani), tuliza sawasawa;
(place so as to swing) pembeza,
yongesha; (consider) fikiri moyoni;
(weigh) pima. Be poised, Zulia,
simama; (be in suspense) -wa nq
shaka, sitasita.

Poison, n. sumu; (for fish) stupa.

Vv. 2a sumu, ‘sumésha.

Poisonous, a. -a sumu, -a kufisha,
-haribifu, -baya sana.

Poke, v. sukuma, piga kikumbo, ku-
mba; (fire) chochea; (feel with
fingers) tomasa, bonyeza.

—— n. msukumo, kikumbo.

Poker, n. kichocheo.

Polar, a. -a kaskazini na kusini, -a
inché za baridi, -a Pole.

Pole, n.. mti (mi-), ufito | fito); (long
thin) kombamoyo | ma-}; (for carry-
ing) mptko- [ms-]; (for punting)
upondo | pondo); (rafter) boriti ;
(post) mguso, mhimili ([mz-];
(hooked) 4zopoo, konso; (in astro-
nomy) (acha ya haskasini na ncha
ya kusini, pembe za incht);
(measure) | pema tatu kassa robo,
ware. tano U nussu|; (of Poland)
mtu wa Poland. Pole-star, 2o/a
ya kaskazini.

Jekeza kidole; (ofa dog) onya ndege, | Polecat, n. (nyama kama fungo|.

U 3

POLEMIC:

Polemic, Polemical, a. -a vita, -a
kushindana, -a kubishana.

Police, n. | jamii ya asikari wa mji
wenyi kazi kushindisha watu kwa

amani na kutii sheria sa serkali
na mfalme), asikari, polisi.

Policeman, n. asikari wa Police.

Policy, n. mashauri, maongozi | ya

mambo ya serkali, ya wakubwa, ya-
pasayo wote); ( prudence) busara ;
(cunning) «anja, hila; (bond)
hati ya Insurance. That is his
true policy, ndio shauri la kumfaa,
ndio heri | fayida).

Polish, n. (rangi ya kung'arisha);
(brightness) mwanga, ulaini;
(manners) malezi mazuri, adabu.

— v. ng'arisha, katua ; (educate)
adibisha,ongoza. Polishing powder
(board), unga (ubau) wakukatulia.

Polished, a. -/tokatuka, -angafu;
(well-mannered) -a adabu, -a ma-
'daha .

Polite, a. -2 adabu, -a heshima.

Politeness, n. adabu, heshima.

Politic, a. -a kufaa, -a busara; (of
the state) -aserkali ( Taz. Politics).

Political, a. -2 Politics, Political
party, (wate wenyi shauri moja
kwa mambo ya serkali). Political
affairs, mamboyaincht, = Politics.

Politician, n. miu wa Politics,
mwenyi shughuli kwa Politics,

Politics, n. mambo ya serkali, ma-
mbo ya utawala, matengenezo ya
mji na kabila lote.

Polity, n. utawala, kumiliki, mate-
ngenezo ya serkali, madaraka ya
mji, ginsi ya utawala, kawaida ya
mamlaka.

Polka, n. (ngoma ya kizungu |.

Poll, n. kifwa,kishogo; (census) kesa-
bu ya watu mmoja mmoja; (in
voting) kufoa Votes mmoja mmoja.

——. toa Vote, pokea Votes za watu
mmoja mmoja ; (prune) pogoa, ka-
ta ncha za malawi.

Pollen, n. [kama uvumbi ao unga
ulio juu ya maua).

Poll-tax, n. kodi |ya kulipwa na
wafu wole mmoja mmoja).

292.

POOH-POOH

Pollute, v..¢ia taka, najisi, chafua.

Pollution, n. fakataka, uchafu,
unajisi, jenaba. :

Poltroon, n. mwoga, thaifu.

Polygamist, n. mwenyi wake wengi.

Polygamy, n. kuwa na wake wengi
pamoja.

Polyglot, n. -a dugha nyingi.

Pony gon, n. [Attu chenyt pembe nyi-

ngi

Polygonal, a. -4 namna ya Polygon.

Polype, n. (mdudu wa maji, mwenyi
mikono mingi).

Polysyllabic, a. -4 Polysyllable.

Polysyllable, n. [eno lenyt Syl-
lables nyingi |.

Polytheism, n. (dini ya kuabudu
miungu mingi).

Polytheistio, a. -4 Polytheism.

Pomade, n. mafuta [ya kupaka ki-
kwani).

Pomegranate, n. (tree) mkamma-
manga (mi-); (fruit) kammama-
nga | ma-).

Pomeloe, n. furungu [ma-].

Pommel, n. [pembe ya seruji kisu-
mu IA .

—— v. pigapiga, piga makonde mengi.

Pomp, n. fahari, uzuri, urembo,
makuu.

Pomposity, n. mangwaji, Majivuno,
makuu.

Pompous, a. -enyi Pomposity.

Pond, n. ziwa [ma-], kisiwa [v8-],
shimo la maji [ma-]; (on beach)
kidimbwi (v:-}.

Ponder, v kiri, waza.

Ponderous, a, sito sana, -kubwa na
-2tto, -stto; (dull) dared, -sifo.

Poniard, n. kisu ; (curved) jambia.

Pontiff, n.= Pope; askofu mkuu.

Pontifical, a. -a Pope, -a askofu.

Pontificate, n. | kazi na utawala wa
Pope|.

Pontoon, n. chelezo (vy-), mashua
ya kasi.

Pony, n. frasi mdogo.

Poodle, n. (mbwa mdogo mwenyi
manyoya mengi kama kondoo).

Pooh, int. chat! kéfule!

Paoh-pooh, v. tharau, pisha, cheka.

ee ee eee -

POOL >

Pool, n.= Pond, kisiwa, kidimbwi;
(in games) | pesa jamii za hushinda-
niwa); (in business) (jamii ya
watu wakichanga pesa zao|.

Poop, n. sieirs, sttaha.

Poor, a. masikini, fukara, -kata,
-kwasefu; (destitute) hoke hahe;
(feeble, worthless) hafifu, thasfu,
-baya, -chache,-nyonge,-stopende2a.
Be (become) poor, /ukarika, ko-
mbeka mali, panguszka mals,

Poor-house, n. (nyumba ya kukaa
masikini |.

Poor-laws, n. |amri juu ya kulisha
maskani,

Poorly, adv. (7az. Poor), kidogo,
vibaya. Be (feel) poorly, -wa ka-
Wezi, ugua.

Poor-rate, n. (fod? ya kulisha ma-
stkini).

Poor-spirited, a. -oga, thatfu.

Pop, n. kishindo,

— v. fanya kishindo, tokea ghd fala,
enda mbio, ruka. Pop upon, gu-
ndulia, zukia. Pop the question,
posa. Pop up, zuka.

Pope, n. (askofu mkuu wa Rumi
na wa kanisa lote la kirumi).

Popedom, n. [4azs na utawala wa
Pope].

Popery, n. dini ya kanisa la kirumi
(neno la kutharau).

Popish, a. -2 Popery.

Poplar, n. [mts mrefu mwembamba
wa Ulaya).

Poppy, n. [ua jekundu lenyi kutia
usingizi).

Populace, n. watu | wa mji jamii |.

Popular, a. -a wafu wengi ; (liked by
all) -a kupendeza wafu; (inferior)
St -zuri Sana, -a@ vivi hivi, -a
kuchaga, rahisi, hafifu. The popu-
lar party, wafu wengi, watu wa-
dogo, makutano.

Popularity, n. kuwa Popular;
(pleasing all) kupendeza watu;
(good will of all) sifa sa wafu.

Popularise, v. (spread) enesa kwa
waiu wengi; (cheapen) fanya ra-
kisi ; (simplify) fanya ginsi ya kue-
lea watu,

293

PORTER

Popularly, adv. wa watu wengi,
mahals pengi, wapendavyo wengi
(Zaz. Popular).

Populate, v. saza watu.

Population,n. wafu | wa inchi fulla-
ni, wa mji fullani |, wenyeji.

Populous, a. -a kujaa watu, -enyi
watu wengi.

Porcelain, n. (udongo mzuri mweupe
wa kufinyanga, udongo wa Sina),
-a udongo kizungu, -a kauli,

Porch, n. ukumbi,

Porcine, a. -a nguruwe.

Porcupine, n. nungu.

Pore, n. kitundu kidogo; (of skin)
kinweleo (vs-), matokeo ya hari.
——v. Pore over, kazia macho, soma

kwa bidii.

Pork, n. nyama ya nguruwe.

Porker, n. nguruwe mdogo.

Porosity, n. | jali ya kuwa na Pores
nyingi, kupapa maji, kuwa tundu-
tundu|,

Porous, a. -enyi Pores nyingi,
tundutundu, Be porous, papa maji.

Porphyry, n. | jiwe gumu la rangi},

Porpoise, n. $omboo.

Porridge, n. 272, uguli.

Porringer, n. sahani, kombe (ma-].

Port, n. (harbour) bandari; (port-
hole) skubaka [ma-]; (wine) [mvi-
nyo mweusi wa kireno|; (of ship)
upande wa kushoto; (demeanour)
halt, mwenendo, sura, umbo.

Port,v. (arms) kingamisha | bunduki);
(helm) /ekeza | chombo | kwa kuume.

Portable, a. -a kuchukulika, -epesi.

Portage, n. kuchukua, pesa za uchu-
kuzi.

Portal, n. mlango mkubwa [mi-],
lango |ma- |.

Portcullis, n. (mlango wa kuinuka
na kushuka).

Porte, n. serkali ya Sultant Rum.
Portend, v. onya mbele, bashiri,
kadili. .
Portent, n. [tshara ya mambo ma-

baya yatakayokuwa |), kitisho, kioja.

Portentous, a. -a kutisha, -a kuho-

Jisha, -kubwa mno, -baya sana,

Porter, n. (town) Aamals (mar),

PORTERAGE

mchukuzi [wa-]; (caravan) mpa-
gasi| wa-|; (house) mngoje mlango
(wa- |; (black beer) [pombe nyeusi
ya kizungu). ;

Porterage, n. ujira wa mahamali,

uchukuzi.

Portfolio, n. [jalada ya kutia kara-
fasi); (state office) uwaziri.

Port-hole, n. shubaka | ma-).

Portico, n. | baraza yenyi mafao na
nguzo, ya kutembelea).

Portion, n. sehemu, fungu |ma-|),
nussu, mkato (mi-); (dowry) ma-
hart; (inheritance) urzthz.

Portliness, n. unene [wa mtu).

Portly, a. -nene, -kubwa.

Portmanteau, n. [sanduku kama
mfuko wa ngozi |.

Portrait, n. sanamu ya miu [ya
kuandika), taswira, mfano (mi-|.

Portraiture, n. kuandika sanamu;
(description) kweleza kwa maneno.

Portray, v. andika sanamu ya;
(describe) e/eza, simulia, fafanua,

‘Pose, n. kikao, sura, hali.

v. tta matata, fathatsha, zuia,
shinda ; (pretend to be) jifanya,

Zivuna kuwa.

Poser, n. mashaka, kifungo.

Position, n. (place) mahali, pahali ;
(condition) kali, kikao ; (opinion)
nia, neno [ma-|; (rank) cheo,
daraja, kiwango. Bein a position
to, weza.

Positive, a. (real, actual) -a kaktka ;
(absolute) -a@ asili, -stobadilika ;
(definite) waziwazi, baini, thahtri;
(certain) pasi~o shaka, yakini;
(specially enacted) (Awa amri ya
watu, st kwa asili ao amri ya
Muungu); (implying exact know-
ledge) -a ujuzi, -a kujua hakika;
(dogmatic) -shupafu, -a kukatiza

_ maneno. Be positive, jwa sana
pasipo shaka.

Positively, adv. kwa kweli, pasipo
shaka, pasipo tofauti.

Positivism,n. (kusema, " Tustangalie
neno illa yenyi kujulikana vema
na sisi waana Adamu, ndio uli-
mwengu huu na mambo yake").

294

POSTER |

Positivist,n. (mwenyi kushika Posi-
tivism ].

Possess, v. -wa na, miliki, shika;
(bewitch) pagaa. Possess oneself
(of), pata, jipatia. Be possessed,
pagawa, -wa na wasimo | pepo),
-wanashetans; (of property)-wana.

Possession, n. kumiliki; (property)
malt, milki; (by spirit) kupagawa,
shetani. Give (put in) possession,
milikisha, tawaza ; (inform) arifu,
julisha, pasha habari. Take pos-
session, kamata, twaa, shika.

Possessor, n. mwenyewe [w-],

' mwenyeji | w-), bwana.

Posset, n. (maziwa na mvinyo wa
moto |.

Possibility, n. kuwa Possible;
(power) uwezo, nguvu, nafasi;
(chance) bakati, hatari. There is
a pessibility, yawezekana, labuda.

Possible, a. yamkini, -liowesckana.
It is possible, yawesekana, labuda,

Shidda, huenda. As soon as
possible, upesi iwesavyo, kwa
haraka sana.

Post, n. (of wood) mti [ms-]; (prop)
mhimik (mi-), tuka, nguso, kiguso ;
(place) mahal, kituo; (station)
kilindo, palipoamriwa; (messen-
ger) mjumbe [wa-], tume; (Postal
Service, &c.), (madaraka ya kupe-
Jekeana barua killa mahali, serkali
yake, nyumba yake, 8:c.); (swift
messenger) falisht [ma-].

v. (fix up notice) weka makali
wast, langaza; (assign place to)
weka, amria mahali; (inform)
arifu, julisha; (of letters) weka
barua katika Post Office; (go
quickly) enda haraka; (enter in
accounts) andika katika daftari.

Postage, n. pesa [sa kupelekesha
barua). Postage stamp, chapa |/a
kupelekesha barua|.

Postal, a. -4 Post Office.

Post-date, v. zia tarthi ya baadaye
[styo iliyo kweli).

Poster, n. (karatasi kubwa ya ku-
tangasa habari, ya kubandika uku.
tani; mtu abandikaye Poster).

aa aahidi

‘POSTERIOR 295

Posterior, a. -a nyuma, -a baadaye.

——n. Zako | ma-|.

Posterity, n. wazao, watolo, watu
wa baadaye.

Postern, n. (mlango mdogo wa
nyuma).

Post-haste, n. taraka nyingi.

Posthumous, a. [-/:ozaliwa baada
ya kufa baba); -a baada ya kufa
mwenyewe.

Postilion, n. (mpanda frasi wa
gari).

Postman, n. mpeleka barua, talisht
[a-].

Postmark, n. chapa la Post Office.

Postmaster, n. mkuu wa Post
Office.

Post-mortem, n. baada ya kufa.
Post-mortem examination, [4fa-
zamia mayili sababu gani ame-
kufa|.

Post Office, n. (nyumba ya serkali
yenyi kazi ya kupeleka barua killa
mahali, na kazi yake), postofis.

Post-paid, a. | barua iltokwisha lipi-
wa Postage |.

Postpone, v. weka, ahirisha, sema
“kesho, kesho’; (place after) weka
nyuma (chini); (delay) kawi-
lisha.

Postponement, n. kuweka, &c.
(Zaz. Postpone).

Postscript, n. maneno yaliyotiwa
baadaye | mwishoni mwa barua),
Nyongeza.

Post-town, n. mji wenyi Post
Office.

Postulate, v. taka, hifaji ; (assume)
jitwalia, [tumia Postulate ao
kama Postulate }.

[meno listlothubutika ha-
list, limekubalika lakini kwa
mapatano), neno la kuruhusu,
ruksa.

Posture, n. kikao, mkao; (condition)
hati.

Posy, n. shada | fungu | la maua.

Pot, n. (metal) kopo [ma-], kikopo
vi-|; (drinking) mkebe (mi-);
ya cooking, metal) sufuria | ma- |);
(earthen) chungu (vy-], nyungu,

—— fi.

POUNDER

mkungu (mi-); (large) jungu

- [ma-]; (small) kijungu(vi-j; (for
tea) buli | ma-|; (for coffee) mdila
[mes-], mdelz; (jug) mdumu|(mi-);
(small brass, for milk) ka/asia.

Potable, a. -a kunyweka.

Potash, n. (nitrate) shura; (car-
bonate) magadi.

Potation, n. kunywa ; (drink) kiny-
waji.

Potato, n. kiazi cha kizungu |vi- |);
(sweet, native) krasi [v-].

Potato-bed, n. futa |ma-|.

Potency, n. nguvu.

Potent, a. -a nguvu. .

Potentate, n. mfu mwenyi Nguvu,
mkubwa.

Potential, a. -liowezekhana, -loweza
kuwa, -lioko lakini st wast.

Potentially, adv. kwa kuwezekana,
sz kwa kuwa, kwa siri.

Pother, n. uthia, machafuko, fujo.

Pot-herb, n. mboga.

Pot-hook, n. | kulabu,choro kama S|.

Potion, n. kinywaji [vi-], dawa ya
kunywa.

Potsherd, n. gui (ma-), kigai |vi-|,
kigerenyenza.

Pottage, n. 27%.

Potter, n. mfnyangi, mfinyanzi
(wa-]. Potter’s kiln, soko.

Pottery, n. (articles) vyombo vya
udongo; (place) makali pa huf-
nyanga. ;

Pouch, n. mfuko [mi-}, kifuko |vi- |.

— v. tia mfukoni, futika.

Poulterer, n. mwusa kuku.

Poultice, n. dawa ya kubandika,
maandast ya dawa, kibandiko,
pottsé.

—— v. bandika dawa, tia Poultice.

Poultry, n. (jamii ya kuku, ma-
bata, &c.}.

Pounce, v. ruka ghdfala.

—— n. mruko wa ghdfala.

Pound, n. (weight) vat/:; (money)
(tamani ya rupia kama hamsta-
shara; (enclosure) 2:3: la kuwekea
nyama waliopotea |).

—— v. twanga, ponda, pigapiga.

Pounder, n. mchs (mi-); (in weight)

POUR

-a uthani wa ratli fullani. A six-
pounder, | mzinga wenyi lisast ya
ratili sita uthani wake}.

Pour, v. mimina, mwaga; (emit
freely) toa -ingi, toa kwa nguvu,
toatoa; (neut.) Zoka -ingi [kwa
nguvu), pita upesi.

Pourtray, v. = Portray.

Pout, v. toa midomo | kwa chuki ao
uchungu).

Poverty, n. umasikini, ufukara,
ukata, ukwasefu, uthitki; (lack,
deficiency) uchache, ukosefu, uhi-
taji. ,

Powder, n. unga, uvumbi; (gun-
powder) baruti.

v. (pulverize) saga, ponda, chua;
(put powder on) 4#a Powder.

Powdered, a. -/iotiwa Powder;
(made into powder) -/tosagwa.

Powdery, a. kama Powder.

Power, n. uweso, nguvu, mamlaka,
enzt; (anauthority) mwenyi nguvu,
mkubwa ([wa-): (great nation)
tatfa kubwa. The powers, ma-
taifa makubwa,wakubwa. Mental
(intellectual) power, akili.

Powerful, a. -enyi Power, hodari,
-a Nguvu, BC.

Powerless, a. pasipo Power, thatft,
billa nguvu, &c. Be (become)
powerless, fooza.

Pox, n. maraths ya upele, sekeneko.

Practicability, n. kuwezekana, ku-
sanytka.

Practicable, a. -a kufanyika, -lto-
wezekana, -a kutendeka; (usable)
-a kutumika [kuendeka, &c.|, -a
kufaa,

Practical, a. (useful) -a kufaa, -a
kutumika; (sensible) -a busara,
-a akili, -a amali; (for work) -a
kutenda kazi, kwa kazi.

Practice, n. (habit) mazoezo,desluri;
(occupation) kazi, uchumi ; (doing)
kutenda, kufanya marra kwa
marra; (study) mlfaala. Learnby
practice, z0ta, zoclea. He might
learn by practice, anazoezeka.

Practise, v. Zenda | fanya) marra
kwa marra; (engage in, exercise)

296

PREACHER

shika, fuata, fuliza, fanya kazi;
(exercise oneself in) jisoesa, jifunza,
Jitendekeza.

Practised, a. -20¢/u, -clekefu, -stadi.

Practitioner, n. (doctor) Zabibu;
(lawyer) mwana sheria.

Pragmatic, a. -tendaji mno, -a shu-
ghuli nyingi, -pingamisi.

Prairie, n. (inchi sawa pana yenyi
majani si miti|, nyika | ma- |.

Praise, n. sifa, hamdi, himidt.

v. sifu, himidi.

Praiseworthiness, n. kustahili sifa,
ustahili, wema.

Praiseworthy, a. -a kustahili sifa,
-ema.

Prance, v. cheza cheza kama frasi,
randa, ruka.

Prank, n. mchezo, mzaha, hila,
kitimbi.

Prate, v. sema upuzi, toa maneno
mengi, piga domo, payuka.

Prater, n. mpuzi (Tas. Prate).

Prating, a. -payukaji, -payt wa
maneno. :

Pratigue, n. ruhusa.

Prattle, n. maneno ya kitoto, viji-
neno, manenomaneno, Upusi.

v. toa Prattle.

Prattler, n. moa Prattle.

Prawn, n. uduvi (duvi, nduvi|),
kamba ndogo. Dred prawns,
kamba kavu.

Pray, v. omba, salt; (request) sikz,

taka, Pray to, omba, salia, tolea
dua, lalamia. Pray for, ombea,
salia; (beg) omba, taka, sth,

Pray, why? kwa mini ati? kwa
nini bassi? Pray do! kaya! Pray,
what is the news? nzambie, naku-
sthi, habari gani ?

Prayer, n. (formal) zdada, sala,
(special petition) dua; (request)
haja, maombi.

Prayerful, a. -enyi kuomba, -a ku-
salt,

Preach, v. Autubu, toa hotuba,
hubiri anjili,

Preacher, n. mwenyi kuhutubu,
mhubiri anjili, mwenesa habari
ya dini, hatibu.

PREACHING

Preaching, n. hotuba, mahubiri.
Preamble, n. mwanzo wa maneno,
maneno ya kwanza, matangulssi.
Prebendary, n. (kasisi msharikt
kasi katika kanisa kubwa (cathe-

dral) /ngereza|.

Precarious, a. -a@ shidda, -a hatari,
-a mashaka, st salamu, st thabiti.
Precaution, n. athari, kujilinda
mbele, uangalifu. Take precau-

tions, jthathare.

Precautionary, a. -@ Precaution.

Precede, v. fangulia, tangulia mbele
ya, enda mbele.

Precedence, Precedency, n. #fa-
ngulizi, heshima ya ziada, kuzidi
cheo, kuwekato, kukaa mbele.

Precedent, n. | yambo la zamani lenyi
mfano wa jambo la siku hizi),
mfano |mi-), mithali. ‘There are
precedents, zmekuwa hivi zamani.
There is no precedent, amo jipya,
halina mfano zamani, halijawa
hivi bado kabisa.

Preceding, a. -4 kwanza, -a mbele,
-liotangulia.

Precentor, n. [mwenyi kutmbiza
kanisani, mtoa kongwe, mwalimu
wa waimbaji).

Precept, n. fundisho | ma-), agizo
[ma-|, onyo |(ma-), amri.

Preceptive, a. -2 Precept, -a kuonya.

Preceptor, n. mtoa Precept, mku-
funzi | wa-|.

Precinct, n. (bound) mpaka [ms-];
(enclosed space) wa, kitalu; (dis-
trict) wilaya, jimbo.

Precious, a. (valuable) -a thamani,
-a tunu, ghali ; (beloved) -penss.
Precipice, n. doromoko |ma-), ma-
hali palipochongoka | pa kwenda
chini ao juu sawa sawa), genge

[ma-].

Precipitate, v. (hasten) himiza, tia
haraka; (throw down )angusha kwa
ghdfala, tumbukiza; (let fall) shu-
sha chini, tuamisha.

— a. -a haraka, -pesi-pesi, -a
harara.

—n. faka za chini, uvumbi.

Precipitately, adv. kwa haraka.

297

PREDICATE

Precipitation, Precipitance, n.
haraka nyingi, harara; (settle-
ment) kuluama, kutoa chini,

Precipitous, a. -enyi Precipice.

Précis, n. muhtasari, ukumbusho wa
maneno.

Precise, a. (accurate) sawasawa,
kalisi ; (definite, clear) wazi, tha-
kiri; (careful) -a taratibu, -anga-
lifts.

Precision, Preciseness, n. #sawa,
uwazi, utaratibu,

Preclude, v. suza, pinga, komesha.

Preclusion, n. kuzuia, Sc.

Preclusive, a. -a kuzuia, Sc.

Precocious, a. -enyt kuiva upesi, -
enyi kupevuka upesi akili, -enyi
akili za miu mzima.

Precocity, Precociousness,n. kuwa
Precocious.

Preconceive, v. waza mbele.

Preconception, n. wazo la mbele.

Preconcert, v. fanya shauri mbele.

Precursor, n. mfangulizi [wa-],
mjumbe | wa- |.

Precursory, a.-a kutangulia.

Predatory, a. -a kuleka; (fierce)
-kali ; (of animals) -a mwitu.

Predecease, v. -/a mbele.

Predecessor, n. miangulis: [wa-},
wa mbele, wa kwanza.

Predestinarian, n. [asemaye, ‘ killa
mtu tangu milele ameamriwa halt
yake ya baadaye, peponi ao jehan-
num pasipo ihtiari' |.

Predestination, n. (amri ya Muu-
ngu juu ya killa mtu hali yake ya
baadaye |.

Predestine, Predestinate, v. azi-
mu hali mbele, wekea (amuria]
hali ya baadaye | peponi ao jehan-
nunt|.

Predetermine, v.
amuru mbele.

Predial, a. -a mashamba.

Predicable (of), a. [-wesao kusemwa
Juu ya).

Predicament, n. mashaka, shidda,
hatari.

Predicate, v. [toa habari fullani juu
ya kitu fullani), To predicate

azimu mbele,

PREDICATE

whiteness of snow, kusema thuluj?
ni nyeupe.

Predicate, n. (in grammar) [meno
lenyi kabari ya kitu fullani).

Predict, v. doa habari mbele, tabiri,
bashiri, agua,

Prediction, n. ubashiri, uaguzi,

Predictive, a. -a kubashiri, -a kua-
gua,

Predilection, n. Aupenda sana, upe-
ndtleo, shauko.

Predispose, v. vuta kwanza, lekeza,
kabilisha, ongoza.

Predisposition,n.kulekea, maelekeo.

Predominance, n. kuwa na nguvu,
kuzidi, kushinda.

Predominant, a. -enyi kuzidi, -ku-
bwa, -ingt, -enyt nguvu.

Predominate, v. pzta,-wa na nguvu,
wa -ingt, zidi, shinda.

Pre-eminence, n. kutangulia, kuwa

na sifa | fakhari) zayidi, cheo kiku-

bwa.

Pre-eminent, a. -enyt Pre-emi-
nence, -a kuzidi, -a kupita.

Pre-emption, n. [Aununua mbele ao
kwansa|.

Pre-engage, Vv. shughulisha kwanza,
shurutisha mbele, ajirisha mbele.
Pre-establish, v. /iubutfisha mbele.
Pre-exist, v. -wa mbele | kwanza,

awali).

Pre-existence, n. kuwa mbele, &c.

Pre-existent,a.-enyi kuwa mbele, &c.

Preface, n. (maneno ya kwanza ao ya
mbele kitabuni, matangulist, di-
bafi).

Prefatory, a. -a Preface.

Prefect, n. wali (| ma-), wali (ma-|.

Prefer, v. taka zayidi, chagua mbele.

Preferable, a. afathals, zayuli, heri,
ema zayidi, bora.

Preference, n. upendeleo, kuchagua
mbele, thttart, kutangulia, kula-
ngultsa.

Preferment, n. kuzidishiwa cheo,
kupata kasi bora, ubele, daraja.
Prefigure, v. onya mbele kwa mfano.
Prefiz, n. (in grammar) (sehemu ya
neno yenyi kutiwa mwanzoni, ndio

mbele ya Root).

298

PREMISE

Prefix, v. weka mbele, tia mbele.

Pregnanoy, n. mimba, usilo. Dur-
ing pregnancy, kati ya mimba.

Pregnant, a. -enyi mimba, silo;
(important) -kubwa, -a maana, -a
nguvu. Pregnant with, -enyi, -a
kujaa, -a kuleta. Be pregnant,
-wa na mimba, hamili. This is
a very pregnant word, neno hili
lachukua maana nyingi (mambo
kathawakatha |.

Prehensile, a. -enyi nguvu ya kuka-
mata, -a kukamatia ; -fahamifu.
Prehistoric, a. -4 zamami sa kale
sana |zisizo na habari ya ha-

kika|.

Prejudge, Prejudicate, v. | kafa ma-
neno mbclewa kusikia vema), huku-
mu kwa haraka, wa upesi mno.

Prejudice, n. [Auckukia ao kupende-
lea isivyo akili, kuonea mabaya ao
mema pasipo haki J; Ginjury) #asara,
thulumu, kuthuru.

—_—v. chukisa (endeleza) kwa vi-
baya; (damage) Huru, hasiri, pu-
nguza.

Prejudicial, n. -4 kuthuru, -a ku-
zuia, -a kuhasiri, -a shari.

Prelacy, n. uaskofu, jamii ya ma-
askofu.

Prelate, n. askofu [ma-).

Prelatic, Prelatical, a. -a askofu, -a
kiaskofu.

Preliminary, a.-a mwanzo, -a mbele,
-a kufanya tayari. Preliminary re-
marks, matangulizi.

Prelude, n. (mwanzo wa kuimba, ao
wa kupiga ngoma, maneno ya
mwanzo, dibaji |.

Premature, a. -a mbele ya wakati
wake, -a haraka, -epesi.

Prematurely, adv. upesi, mbele ya
wakati.

Premeditate, v. waza mbele, asimu
mbele.

Premier, n. wasiri (ma- |) mkuu.

— a. -4 kwansa, -kuu,

Premise, n. (asili ao chanso cha ma-
neno katika kujadiliana, hoja).

—— v. sema kwansa, patana mbele

(kwa neno fullani).

PREMISES 299

Premises; n. (nyumba na pa kuisu-
nguka, uwanja, kipenu, bustani,
&c.] kiwanja, nyumba; (in argu-
ment, premisses) matangultzi, ma-
tegemeo, hoja.

Premium, n. malipo ya mbele;
(honorarium) ada, sawadi; (ad-
vance in price) fayida. Be at a
premium, 21a: kuwa ya thamani,
zidi bet, -wa shidda, ghalstka.

Premonish, v. enya mbele, shauri,
rudi.

Premonition, n. maonyo, shauri.

Preoccupation, n. kutwaa [ku-
waliwa) mbele; (being busy) ku-
shughulika.

Preoccupy, v. shika kwanza, kamata
mbele; (engage before) shughulisha.

Preordain, v. amuru mbele, agiza
mbele.

Prepaid, a. -liokwisha lipiwa kodi.

—— p. t. na pf. t. ya Prepay.

Preparation, n. kutengeneza mbele,
fanya tayari, matengenezo, kuweka
tayari, kuandaa; (mixture) changa-

‘ nytko (ma-|,dawa. Make prepara-
tions for, andalia.

Preparative, Preparatory, a. -4
mbele, -a kwanza, -a kuwa tayari,
-a kuandaa, -a mbet.,

Prepare, v. fanya | weka) tayari,
andaa, 2atitt, tayari, (neut.) ji-
weka tayari, jiandaa; (make) fa-
nyiza; (cook) pika; (raw material)
chambua. Prepare for, andalia.

Prepay, v. (p. t. #a pf. t., Prepaid)
lipa mbele, lipia kodi mbele.

Prepense, a. -/okusudiwa mbele.

Preponderance, n. kuwa Pre-
ponderant.

Preponderant, a. -a kuzidi, -kubwa,
-ingt.

Preponderate, V. 2idi, -wa na nguvu
(wingi) zayidi.

Preposition, n. (in grammar) (neno
la kutiwa mbele ya Noun, /tstlote-
ngeka nalo|.

Prepossess, v. = Preoccupy ; (at-
tract) pasha shauko, tamantsha.
Prepossessing, a. -surt, -a kuvuta,

-a kutamanisha.

PRESENT

Prepossession, n. = Prejudice ;
(favourable) shauko, upendeleo.

Preposterous, a. 52 desturi, si tara-
tibu, -a kigeni, -baya,-stofaa, Pre-
posterous assertions, maneno ma-
kuu, upuzi mtupu.

Prereguisite,n. kanuni, sharti. It is
a prerequisite, sharii Ati kwanza.

Prerogative, n. (kaki ao mamlaka

.ao.milké ya :mlu mmoja peke yake,
ao ya watu wenyi daraja ao kazi
moja), haki ya desturi, haki ya
asili, sharti, ubele. Be the pre-
rogative of, kusu.

Presage, v. onya mbele, agua, bashiri
mambo yatakayokuja.

—— n. dalili, onyo [la mambo yata-
kayokuja|.

Presbyter, n. mzee wa kanisa, ka-
sisi, padre | ma-|.

Presbyterian, a. (-enyi kusema,
“makasisi watosha, pasiwe ma-
askofu, katika kanisa'|.

Presbytery, n. | samiz ya wazee wa
kanisa, jamii ya makasisi).

Prescience, n. kuona mbele (mambo
yatakayokuwa), busara.

Prescient, a. -enyz Prescience.

Prescribe, \v. amuru, agiza.

Prescription, n. amri ya dakta-
vi, dawa iliyoamriwa; (if forbid-
ding something) mwiko [mt-];
(usage) desturi, kuzota, matumizi
ya zamani.

Prescriptive, a.-a desturi langu sa-
mani.

Presenoe, n. kuwapo, kuwa karibu,
eneo, pao mbele, machoni; (appear-
ance) sura, umbo. In the presence
of, mbele ya, machoni pa, panapo.
Presence of mind, welekevu wa
akili, akili, busara, macho.

Presence-chamber,n.darasa, shule.

Present, n. (7as. Gift) zawadi, bak-
shishi, tuzo, tunu, majazo, kipaji,
karama, wapo; (customary) ada,
“fito, kilemba; (reward) tuso;
(gratuity) bakshishi; (from God)
thawabu, upaji, baraka; (of con-
gratulation) #akuso [ma-|; (time)
wakati uliopo, wakati wa sasa, siku

PRESENT

hizi. Give away as a present, Make
a piesent of, toa burre, tunukia.

Present, a. (place) karibu, mbele,
-liopo, kapa, pale; (time) -a sasa,
siku hizi, -a wakati kuu ; (at hand)
-a marra moja, layari. Be present,
wapo. He is present, yufo hapa,
yupo. At present, For the present,
sasa, wakati kuu.

— v. (give) -pa, toa, karimta, tu-
nukia, jalia; (put forward) zoa
mbele, weka mbele | wazt |, onyesha;
(arms) /ekeza, shika mbele. Present
by way of congratulation, #ukusa.

Presentable, a. -a kupalika, -a
kupeka; (pleasing) -a kupendeza,
-surt, -a kufaa.

Presentation, Presentment, n. £4-
pa, kutoa, kuweka mbele.

Presentiment, n. moyo wa kuona
mbele; (of fear) hofu; (of hope)
taraja.

Presently, adv. alafu, baadaye,
bado kidogo.

Presentment, n. kupa, kutoa, &c.
(Zaz. Present, v.); (appearance)
sura, mfano.

Preservation, n. kulinda, kuhifathi,
wokovu, kupona, uzima, salama
Preservative, a. -a kulinda, -a kw

ponya.

Preserve, v. linda, hifathi, okoa, po-
nya; (keep) weka, shika; (season)
kolea, unga, | tia sukali chumvi, &c.,
kitu kistoze |.

——n. maandast ya matunda; (for
game, &c.) | makali pa kuwekea na
kulinda salama nyama, ndege,
samaki, vyovyote vya ku na
kuwinda). wa kufuga

Preside, v. -wa mkuu, tawala.

Presidency, n. (kazi, nyumba, wi-
laya, ya President).

President, n. mkuu, msimamizi.

Presidential, a.-a President.

Presignify, v. onya mbele, bashiri.

Press, v. songa, songanisha, sukuma,
shindika, shindilia, kaza; (with
hand, fingers) kamua, finya, bo-
nyesha; (as in vice) dana; (urge)

- ombasana, stht, bidisha,shurutisha,

300

PRESUPPOSE

harakisha, sukumiza, nyenya;
(impend) -wa karibu, lemea, taka
haraka ; (force) tumtsha kwa ngu-
vu; (with argument) oz, shu-
rutisha, chagiza.

Press, n. sitnikizo, kinu; (throng)
masongano, ghastya ya watu, wa-
tu waktsongana, (hurry) haraka,
shidda, taabu ; (machine) mtambo;
(for printing) (mtambo wa kupiga
chapa vitabu); (printing) (kazi ya
kupiga chapa na kuloa vitabu);
(news-writers) |yamzi3 ya watu we-
nyi kazi ya kutangasa habari ya
mambo ya killa siku, walengenezaji
wa Newspapers |.

Press-gang, n. (asikari wenyi ku-
kamatia watu kwa amii na kazi
ya serkali).

Pressing, n. kusonga, kuomba, &c.
( Zaz. Press, v.).

—— a. -a haraka, -a kulemea, -a
nguvu, -a shuruti.

Pressure, n. shinikizo, msongo, uztto,
mshurutisho; (trouble) shkzdda,
taabu, shughuli nyingi. Use moral

ressure, didisha, shurutisha, vula.
e did it under pressure, alifanya
kwa nguvu.

Prestige, n. sifa | kwa ajili ya ma-
tendo ya zamani, ya mambo yali-
yopita ), heshima, fahari, jina.

Presumable, a. -£0 yamkini, -leo-
wezekana.

Presume, v. (dare) Ziubutu, fanya

ipo rukusa (pasipo haki);
(suppose) ¢hania mbele, thania pa-
sipo kujua, ona, waza.

Presuming, a. -fithuli, -juvi, -a
kiburi.

Presumption, n. kiburi, ufithuls,
majivuno; (likelihood) sababu,
hoja; (probability) (kitu kilicho
yamkini ao cha kuwesekana, kisi-
cho hakika|.

Presumptive, 2. -a kulaszamiwa, -a
kusadikiwa, -a kutarajiwa.

Bresumptuous, a. -a kiburi, -a ku-
jasiri mno, -kuu.

Presuppose, v. (zkania mbele ya
kujua, kubali pasipo mathubuts |;

PRESUPPOSITION 801

(imply) -wa kwa sababu ya (kitu
fullani kilichotangulia).

Presupposition, n. | yambo ao neno
listlothubutika, lathaniwa tu ku-
wa ndivyo, la ruhusa si la haki-
ka}; (reason) sababu, mwanzo,
asili,

Pretence, n. (falsehood) wongo,
hila, ujanja; (pretext) maneno,
uthuru, sababu, kisingizo.

Pretend, v. jifanya, sema kwa uwo-
ngo, fanya hila, jisingizia. Pretend
to, taka, tamant, jidaia.

Pretender, n. mdai [wa-|, mwenyi

dai.

Pretension, n. kutaka makuu, kuji-
dat kiburi; (pretext) maneno ya
hila, wuthuru, kisingtzo; (fiction)
uwongo; (claim) madatz.

Pretentious, a. -a fahari, -a kuji-
vuna, -kuu.

Preterite, n. = Past Tense.

Pretermission, n. kupitia, &c.

Pretermit, v. acha, ruka, pitia, pisha.

Preternatural, a. [-sto kawaida ya |:

vitu vyote, -sio desturi), mwujiza,
“gent, -a ajabu, -a kutisha.
Pretext, n. uthuru, sababu, maneno,
hoja.
Prottily, adv. vizuri.
Prettiness, n. sura nzuri, uzsere.
Pretty, a. -2urz (kwa kutazama),
nakawa, -enyi sura nzuri, -a ku-
pendeza.
adv. kadiri,sana kidogo. Pretty
hot, moto mwingi kidogo, jua kali.
I am pretty well, sijambo kidogo.
Prevail, v. (predominate) shénda,
weza, -wa ma nguvu; (spread)
. enea, -wa -ingt, -wa pote, -wa -ku-
bwa, -wa stku zote. Prevail upon,
shawishi, vuta, shinda,shurutisha.
Prevailing, a. -a kushinda, &c.
The prevailing wind, «pepo uliopo
[ulio mwingi, ulio wa siku zole).
The prevailing sentiment, wafu
wengi waonguyo. The prevailing
fashions, méindo wa sasa.
Prevalence, n. maeneo; (predomin-
ance) kushinda, &c., kuchaga.
Prevalent, a. -2 kuenea, -wa pote

PRIESTLY |

[-ngi, -kubwa, wakati wote}.
Fever is prevalent, oma imechaga.
| Prevaricate, v. sema uwongo, toa
maneno ya ujanja, badilisha ma-
neno.
| Prevarication, n. #wongo, ujanja.
Prevaricator, n. mwongo, mjanja,
haoleni, mtu wa maneno mawili. -
Prevent, v. zuza, pinga, komesha.
Prevention, n. kusuiza, zuio.
Preventive, a. -a kuzuia, -a kuli-
nda, -a hathars.
Previous, a, -4 kwanza, -a mbele, -a
zamani. Previous to, mbele ya.
Prey, n. mawindo, mateka, nyara.
Beast of prey, nyama mbuaji,
nyama mkali. Be the prey of,
shikwa na, patika na, shindwa
na.

——v. Prey on, -/a, leka, haribu;
(harass) Jemea, husunisha.

Price, n. kima, thamani, kiasi, bet:

(reward) tjara, thawabu ; (return)

fayida, uchumi. At the price of,

kwa ajili ya, kwa kutoa. At any

price, kwa vyovyote.

v. tia kima, kadirisha.

Priceless, a. -a thamani nyingi,
bora sana, -stonunulika kwa fetha.

Prick, v. choma, washa. Prick the
ear, fega |simika | sikio.

Prickle, n. mwiba [mi-].

Prickly, a. -enyi mitba. Prickly

heat, vipele vya karara. Prickly
pear, | gugu lenyi maua na miiba
mingi sana|.

Pride, n. kiburi, majivuno; (dis-
play) fahari, makuu ; (subject of
boast) | kitu cha kujivunia, kitu
cha kusifiwa sana) tunu, moyo,
kipenzi; (best sort) kipeo. Pride
of youth, kujijetea ujana.

——v. Pride oneself on, jelea, jiki-
naisha kwa, jivunia, jigamba kwa.

Priest, n. (heathen) kahimi [ma-];
(Jewish) 2ohanz; (Christian) kasisi
| wa-], padre, padiri | ma-).

Priestcraft, n. | ujanja wa makahine
ao makasisi). '

Priesthood, n. ukohani, ukasisi, 8c.

Priestly, a. -a Priest. |

PRIDSTRIDDEN

Priestridden, a. [-a kuonewa na
Priest |.

Prig, n. ajtvunaye kwa elimu, mjuzi.
Be a prig, Be priggish, jijuvisha.

Priggish, a. -a Prig.

Prim, a. faratibu, -suri, kiasi. She
is prim, hataké upuzi, yu baridi.
Primacy, n. [fast na heshima ya

askofu mkuu).

Prima-donna, n. mwimbaji mkuu
(wa kike).

Primal, a. -2 kwanza.

Primary,.a. -a asili, -a kwanza;
(important) -kubwa, -a maana, -a
Nguvu:

Primate, n. askofu mkuu.

Prime, n. mwanzo, uzuni, usttawt,
usima, ukamilifu, upeo; (morning
prayers) sala ya alfajiri.

—— a. -a kwanza, -suri sana, bora.

v. tia baruti | kifani mwa bu-
nduki |; (teach) somesha mafundi-
sho ya kwanza, erevusha, julisha
mambo.

Prime-minister, n. waziri (ma-|)
mkuu.

Primer, n. masomo ya kwanza, ki-
tabu cha kwanza chuoni, mlango.
Primeval, a. -@ samani za kwa-

nzsa,-a kale.

Priming, n. barufi ya kifani; (of
engine) (amaji yakichanganyika na
mvuke ndani ya Steam-engine].

Primitive, a. -2 zamani za kwanza,
-a kikale.

Primness, n. usurt, utaratibu;
(affectedness) kaya, kiburi, baridi.

Primogeniture, n. kuzaliwa wa
kwanza, kurithi mtoto aliyezaliwa
kwanza.

Primordial, a, -2 kwanza.

Primrose, n. [wa dogo la kondeni
Ulaya, rangi ya manjano}.

Prince, n. mfalme, seyidt, sultant;
(king’s son) bin sultans, mtoto
mwanaume wa mfalme.

Princedom, n. [halz-aa heshima ya
Prince].

Princely, a. -a Prince, -a kustahili
Prince.

Princess, n. lint: mfalme.

802

PRIVACY

Principal, n. mkuu, msimamesi,
bwana mkubwa; (money) ras tl
malt, akiba, asili ya malt.

a. kubwa, -kuu, -a. maana, -a
kwanza, -a nguvus

Principality, n. inch: ya Prince.

Principally, adv. zaidi.

Principle, n. sambo la asili, neno
la awali, chanzo [vy], chimbuko
[ma-]; (rational rule) mafundisho,
mathehebu, kawaida; (character)
labia, moyo, nta ; (good character)
tabia nzuri, utu. mwema; (reason)
sababu, High principle, moyo
mzuri, fabia nzuri. He acts on
principle, ashika kawaida, afuasa
mafundisho, hatendi ovyo,
haraka. These are his principles,
haya ndiyo mawazo (mashauri,
mapenzi) yake.

Print, v. piga chapa, toa kitabu;
(mark) ¢2a kama alama; (impress)
ingiza moyoni, tia moyoni.

—n. (mark) chaga; (picture) sa-
namu; (calico) ngua ya rangi-
rangi; (printed words) maneno
yaliyopigwa chapa ; (of foot) wayo
(my-]; (finger, hand, &c.) [adama
ya)\ kidole, mkono, &c.

Printed, a. -a chapa, -liopigwa
chapa:

Printer, n. mpiga chapa | vilabu, &c. |.

Printing, a. kupiga shapa (vitabu,
Sc. j.

Prior, n. (mkuu wa nyumba ya
Monks}.

—— a.-a kwanza, -a mbele.

Priority, n. kuwa mbele, ukuu.

Priory, n. myumba ya Prior.

Prism, n. [4100 cha kuonyesha rangi
sa nuru mbalimbali, cha kugeuzia
nuru nyeupe iwe rangi nyings
mbalimbals|.

Prismatic, a. (colours) (rangi za
nuru xiltzooncka kwa Prism], -a
rangi mbalimbali.

Prison, n. kifungo, geresa, minyo-
rove.

Prisoner, n. mfungwa (wa-].

Pristine, 2, -a samani sa kale.

Privacy, n. faragha, pasipo watu,

PRIVATE

kujitenga, mahali pa siri, upweke,
siri, kuficha, maficho.

Private, a. -a Privacy, -4 mwe-
nyewe peke yake; (retired, secluded )
-a faragha, -a upweke; (unem-

- ployed) Pasipo kazi, pasipo nguvu,
peke yake; (unofficial) s¢ wa serkali.
Private life, nyumbani. Private
property, mali ya mwenyewe, malt
ya watu. Private means, utajiri,
mali. This is my private opinion,
naona mimi, A private person,
miu tu |si mkubwa, si wa serkali).
Privates, pa siri, mbeleni, A pri-
vate (soldier), asikari. Private
prayer, sala ya siri, sala ya mtu
peke yake. In private, faraghani,
peke yake, kwa siri,

Privateer,n. | merikebu yenyi ruhusa
kufanya vita pekeyake |.

Privation, n. upungufu, ukosefu,
kutwaliwa ; (poverty, want) ukwa-
sefu, mahilaja, shidda, taabu.

Privative, a. -4 kunyima, .a ku-
twalia, -a kukana.

Privilege, n. (special) kaki, mape-
ndeleo, ruhusa, fayida, heshima,
uwezo [wa mtu mmoja peke yake);
(general) skavt#. Be the privilege
of, Ausu.

Privily, adv. kwa siri, kwa ma-
Jicho.

Privity, n. siri, maarifa ya siri,
kuwa shauri moja kwa siri.

Privy, a. -a mtu mmoja peke yake;
(secret) -a sir; (retired) -a fara-
gha. Be privy to, jwa kwa sirt,
sharthi siri. Privy council, baraza
ya mfalme mwenyewe | mawaziri,
madiwani, wasiri wake), Pri
councillor, mfu wa Privy council.
Privy purse, malt ya mfalme.
Privy seal, muhuri ya mfalme,

n. (kijumba chenyi choo).

Prise, n. (spoil) mateka ; (reward in
competition) ¢us0, fuza, zawadi;
{precious thing) fun, kitu cha
thamani, azisi, dafina.

—— v. fenda sana, pendelea, tunza
sana, thant kuwa ya thamani
nyingi, chunuka.

303

PROCESS

Prise-fighter, n. mshindani wa
konde.

Prise-money,n./ehaya Prize, f420.

Probability, ni; hak ya kuwa
Probable. In all probability,
naona haina budii.

Probable, a. [-a kutazamiwa lakini
st hakika, -a kutarijiwa, -a kuko-
Jiwa, -takaokuwa), yamkini. It is
probable, /aduda, naona (Taz.
Probably). The probable result
will be, mwisho naona ndio huu.

Probably, adv. /abuda, huenda, na-
thant, zayidi, inshallah, haikosi.

Probate, n. [mathubutu ya wosia ao
kurithi |.

Probation, n. majaribu.

Probational, a. -4 kujaribu | kuja
ribiwa).

Probationer, n. | mfu anaycjaribiwa
kama atafaa kwa kazi fullans),
mwanafunzi [wa-).

Probe, v. gusa| kwa sindans|, pima ;
(examine) 40j2,chungulia,lazamia,

Probity, n. waminifu, unyofu, adili,
WEMA, moyo MWEUPE.

Problem, n. swali [ma-], ulizo
[ma-|; (difficult matter) mashaka,
Jumbo, neno gumu ; (riddle) kife-
ndawili,

Problematic, a. -a shaka, si hakika,
ajaba.

Proboscis, n. mdomo [mt-]; (of
elephant) mkono | mi-).

Procedure, n. (formal) ufaratiba,
kawaida; (action) ginst ya kutenda,
kasi; (progress) maendeleo, mwe
nendo.

Proceed, v. (advance) endelea mbele,
enda, shika njia; (come out) foka;
(act) fanya tena (zayidi). He pro-
ceeded to say, Zena akasema, Pro-
ceed against, shtakt, dat, peleka
sheriant,

Proceeding, n.sambo[mambo\, tendo
[ma-]. Take proceedings, kwenda
sheriani. | kwa kaths].

Proceeds, n. pato |ma-), fayida,
uchumi.

Process, n. (method) njia, ginsi;
(series) mafualano ya mambo;

PROCESSION

(operation) Autenda, kufanya, ku-
fanyika, kazi yenyewe. In process
of time, baada ya siku, hatima.
Legal process, da’wa, mashtaka,
hukumu.

Procession, n. mafuatano, mwendo
wa taratibu, andamo (ma-]|, watu
wakiandamana.

Processional, a. -4 Procession.

Proclaim, v. ‘angasa, piga mbiu ya,
eneza, toa waz, bainisha.

Proclamation, n. mbiu, amri wazi,
utangazo, kunena wazi, ishtihari.

Proclivity, n. maelekeo; (aptitude)
uclekevu. He has a proclivity to
steal, huyu apenda uizi, tabia yake
kuiba.

Procrastinate, v.sema “ kesho, kesho,
weka, kawia, legea, chelewa.
Procrastination, n. usirt, kukawia.
Procreate, v. saa.
Procumbent, a. -a kulala fulifuls.
Procurable, a. -a kupatikana.
Procure, v. pata, patia, fanya, fanyi-
8a, tengenesa, -wa sababu ya.
Procurer, n. wakili [ma-]; = Pan-
Prod, v. choma, chokora, piga
Prodigal, a. -pote{u wa malt, -ponda
malt, fujajt, -bathirifu.
Prodigality, n. upotefu wa mali,
kutapanya mali, ufujaji, uba-

thirtfu.
Prodigious, a. -kubwa -ingi mno
ajabu, ajabu sana.

Prodigy, n. mwujiza [mi-), ajabu
(ma-), kioja (vi- |).

Produce, v. zoa, saa; (make) fanya,
fanyiza; (cause) -wa sababu ya;
(lengthen) ongeza urefu; (compose)
buni, tunga.

—— n. zao | ma-), mavuno, matunda;
(profit) mapato, fayida, chumo.
Producer,n. mfanyizaji, mlenda kazi.
Producible, a. -a kuweza letwa, -a

Janyiztwa, -liopatikana.

Product, n. = Produce, n.; (of art)
kazi [ya fundi); (in arithm.)
Jumla | katika Multiplication |).

Production, n. kuloa, kufanyiza;

304

PROFLIGACY

(lengthening) kuongeza urefu;
(product) kazi, mazao.

Productive, a. -a kuzaa, -a kutoa,
-enyt kutoa -ingt, -zazi, hodari
kwa kutoa | kufanyiza, kusaa).

Proem, n. mwanzo wa maneno, di-
baji.

Profanation, n. (kuharibu ao ku-
twesa ao kutumia vibaya kitu ki-
takatifu |, unajisi, ukufuru.

Profane, v. kufurisha, lia unajisi
(kitu kitakatifu), tia uchafu,
haribu kwa taka, tumia vibaya.

—— a. -najisi, -baya, -a kumchukisa
Muungu.

Profaneness, Profanity,n.ukufuru,
unajisi, ubaya |wa kumchukiza
Muungu).

Profess, v. (declare) zoa habari wazi
ya, tangaza; (own, acknowledge)
shuhudia, ungama, kiri; (claim
for oneself) jifanya, jipa sifa ya,
Jisifu | jidai) kuwa na, jilaji funds
wa

Professed, a. wasi, baini ,-a kujulika.
Profession, n. kunena wazi, unga-
mo, ushuhuda; (promise) ahadi;
(occupation) fast, uchumi, shu-
ghuli; (class) | jamii ya watu we-
nyi kazi moja), ufundi.
Professional, a. -a fundi wa kazi,
-a kazi ya fundi, -a mwalimu.
Professor, n. mwalimu | wa- |, fundi
[ma-], ajifanyaye fundi.
Professorial, a. -4 Professor.
Proffer, v. toa, -pa, taka kutoa.
Proficience, Proficiency, n. ustad:,
welekevu, kuwa hodari ; (progress)
maendeleo.
Proficient, a. hodart, -enyi maarifa,
-stads, -elekevu, bingwa.
Profile, n. (sura ya mtu ao kitu kwa
upande, si kwa mbele yake).
Profit, n. fayida, uchumi, chumo,
mapato, kufaliwa, mafaa.
Profitable, a, -a kufaa, -a kuleta

faytda.

Profitless, a,-sioleta faytda, -a burre,
-stofaa, -tupu.

Profligacy, n. [halt ao tabia ya
Profligate], upotofu, Sc.

PROFLIGATE 805

Profligate, a. -potofu, -fisadt, -fasiki,
-asherati, -sinifu.

Profound, a, (deep) -a kwenda chini
sana; (significant) -a maana sana ;
(clever) -a akili nyingi; (great,
much) -kubwa, -ingi; (enigmatic)
-a siri, -a fumbo.

Profoundly, adv. sana, kwa ndani,
kwa bidii, kwa akili.

Profoundness, Profundity,n. kwe-
nda chini, &c. (Tas. Profound).

Profuse, a. -ingi sana, tele ; (liberal)
-karimu, -pajt, -enyt kutoa tele.

Profuseness, Profusion, n. wingi,
neema ; (liberality) ukarimu, upa-
ft.

Progenitor, n. mzazi Yen baba.

Progeny, n. mzao | wa- |, mtoto |wa-),
mwana | wa- |.

Prognathous, a. (-e2yi faya mbele).

Prognosis, n. (kusema mbele ugo-
njwa utakuwaje |.

Prognostic, n. zshara (dalili, ya
mambo yatakuwaje baadaye|, onyo
[ma]. mente

Prognosticate, v. Zabiri, bashiri,
onya mbele, agua.

Prognostication, n. kuonya mbele,
maaguzi.

Prognosticator, n. mwenyi kuonya
mbele, mwaguzi, mpiga bau | fa-
laki).

Programme, n. habari wazi | ya
jambo linalokusudiwa), hati ya
kutangaza habari, utaratibu.

Progress, n. maendeleo, mwendo, ku-
endelea mbele, ubele;
ksajari ya mfalme ao mtu mku-

a

v. endelea mbele, shika njia,
fanikiwa.

Progression, n. kuendelea mbele.

Progressive, a. -4 kuendelea mbele,
-a moja kwa moja, -a kidogo ki-
dogo.

Progressively, adv. kwa kuendelea,
kidogo kidogo, moja kwa moja.

Prohibit, v. tafasa, gombesa, zuta,

piga rufuka, rufuku,

Prohibition, n. makatazo, amri ya

kugombeza, rufuka,

(journey)

PROMISCUOUS

Prohibitive, Prohibitory, a. -a
kukataza, &c. (Zaz. Prohibit).
Project, n. shauri | ma- |), nia, kusudi

{ma-), azimu, mradi.

—— v. tupa mbele, (neut.) Zokeza,
Sanya mdomo; (design) azimu, ku-
sudia, fanya shauri ya, toa ;
(sketch) andika sanamu ya.

Projectile, a. -a kutupa mbele, -a
kurusha.

— n. kifu kilichotupwa |lisasi ya
bunduki, mshale, &c.)}. -

Projection, n. kutupa; (thing pro-
jecting) [Aztu kitokezacho, mdomo,
nundu,ushi (my-)); (design) kufa-
nya shauri; (drawing) sanamu.

Projector, n. mtoa shauri, miu wa
mashauri mengi.

Prolate, a. -/iopanuka, -liotanuka.

Prolegomena, n. | mafafanusi ao ma-
elezo ya mbele kitabuni |, matangu-
list,

Proletariat, n. wats wanyonge,
maskini, watt.

Prolific, a. -4 kuzaa sana, -zazi
sana; (active) -a kufanya mengi.
Prolix, a . -@ maneno mengi, -a ku-

chosha, baridi.

Prolocutor, n. mnenaji, MNENEA,
mkuu wa mkutano.

Prologue, n. maneno ya mbele, mwa-
nzo wa maneno, malangulizi.

Prolong, v. ongeza urefu, zidisha,
dumisha, fuliza.

Prolongation, n. kuzidisha urefu,
urefu wa kuzidi, mazidio, nyonge-
za.

Promenade, n. matembezi, mahali
pa kutembelea.

—— v. tembeatembea.,

Prominence, n. (kifu kelokezacho,
kama mdomo, bua, nundu |); (re-

nown) kujulikana, mashuhuri,
ukubwa, sifa.
Prominent, a, -2 kutokeza, -a kuju-

likana ( Tas. Prominence). Be
prominent, nyanyuka, onekana.
Prominently, adv. wasi, thahiri,
mbele ya wote.
Promiscuous, a. -/iotangamana,-sio
taratibu, vivi hivi, -a fujofujo, -a
x

PROMISCUOUSLY 806

shelabela, -ovyo. Make a promis-
cuous collection of, fanganya. ,

Promiscuously, adv, kifujo, -ote
pamoja, ovyo.

Promise, n. ahadi; (good prospect)
(kitu kittacho| tumaini, taraja,
kitu cha kutumainiwa. Keep a
promise, fikiliza ahadi. Break a
promise, vunja ahadi.

v. ahidi, toa ahadi; (give pro-
spect of) ta tumaini, lekea mema.

Promising, a. -a kutumainiwa, -a
kutaka mema, -a tabia njema, -a
kulekea mema.

Promissory, a. -a ahadi, -enyi
ahadi. Promissory note, tawala.

Promontory, 0. rast.

Promote, v. anzisha, endeleza, fa-
nytsa, sayidia, ongeza; (raise in

rank) -pa daraja, ongeza cheo, fa-
nya -kubwa.

Promoter, n. mfanyizaji, mwende-
leza, mletajt, mwongozaji.

Fromotion, n. kupata daraja (cheo),
kuzidishiwa heshima; (setting for-
ward) kuanzisha, &c. (7as. Pro-
mote).

Prompt, a. mepesi, -tendaji, hodari,
tayari.

v. ongoza, sukuma, -pa moyo, tia
bidii; (in reading, &c.) somesha.

Prompting, n. maongozi, shauri.

Promptness, Promptitude, n. we-
pesi, &c. (Tas. Prompt, a.).

Promulgate, v. oa wast, fangaza,
hubiri, eneza, bainisha.

Promulgation, n. kutoa wast, &c.

Prone, a. fulifuli, tumboni ; (prone
to) -a kutaka, -a kulekea, -a ku-
soelea, -20efu wa.

Proneness, n. kulekea, kupenda,
kusoea.

Prong, n. uma (ny-), kiuma, chembe.

Pronominal, a. -4 Pronoun.

Pronoun, n. (in grammar) (eno litue
mikalo mahali pa Noun |.

Pronounce, v. Za mka; (declare)
nena wast, langasa.

Pronounced, a. wast, thabitt, sana.

Pronouncing, a. (dictionary, Sc.)
La kuonya ginsi ya kutam'ka). |

PROPITIATE

Pronunciation, n. satam’ ko, usemi.

Proof, n. (evidence) ushahidi, ushu-
huda, mathubutu, neno la kuthu-
butisha, sababu, hakika; (trial)
jaribu [ma-); (strong spirit) lazi
nyo wa nguvu sana).

a. hodari, thabtti, -sioshindika,
imara ; (impenetrable) -siopenyeka.
Put to the proof, jaribia, haki-
kisha.

Prop, n. mhimsli (mi-), nguzo, te-
gemeo ima li (of ship, &c.) gadi
[ma-], shiku.

—— v. tegemesa, gadimu, shikiza,
letea msaada.

Propaganda, n. maenest | ya dini,
mathehebu, maarifa, Stc.|.

Propagandism, n. 62431 ya kueneza
(dini, mafundisho, Sc. ).

Propagandist, n. mfu wa Propa-
gandism.

Propagate, v. saa, zalisha ; (spread)
eneza, tangaza.

Propagation, n. kusaa, kusaliana ;
(spreading) Auenesa, maenest.

Propel, v. sogesa mbele, sukumia
mbele, endesa, jongesa.

Propelier, n. (of ship) (gurudumu
ya kuendesa merikebu ya moshi,

Pepeo|.

Propensity, n. maelekeo,
shauko, kutaka.

Proper, a. -a (hiyo fullani) peke
yake: (right) -a adabu, -ema, -surs,
wajibu ; (suitable) -a kufaa, -a ku-
sfahili; (in strict sense) halsss.

Property, n. mali, milki; (nature,
quality) asst, halt, tabia, nguvu.
A man of property, /aytrd (ma-|

Prophecy, n. “agust, ubashiri, una-
bii.

tamant,

Prophesy, v. toa unabii; (predict)
agua, bashiri, tabiri.

Prophet, n. nabii [ma-], mtume
(mi- |); (foreteller) mwagusi, mba-
shiri, mwonya mbele.

Prophetio, a. -a nabii, -a kubashiri.

Propinguity, n. kuwa karibu, ku-
pakana, ujirani.

Propitiate, v. /ulisa, rithisha, pata-
nisha.

Re

PROPITIATION

Propitiation, n. hutulisa,kurithisha,
kitulizo, kipatanisho.

Propitiatory, a. -@ kutuliza, &c.
(Zaz. Propitiate).

Propitious, a. -4 ndege njema, -a
neema, -a heri, -a kupendelea.

Proportion, n. kadiri, ukadiri, ku-
wiana, ulinganifu, uzuri.

—— v. fanya kadiri, linganisha.

Proportional, a. -a kadiri.
Proportionate, a. -a kadiri, -linga-
nifu, -a kufaa.

Proposal, Proposition, n. neno,
maneno, jambo, kisa, shauri, nia,
kusudi; (of marriage) kuulizia
ndoa, kupoza, mapozo,

Propose, v. toa, toa shauri, leta
maneno; (intend) kusudia, azimu,
taka; (advise) shauri, onya; (ask
in marriage) «lista ndoa, poza.

Propound, v. zoa, leta, nena.

Proprietary, a. (-a mtu fullani peke
yake|, -a mwenyewe.

Proprietor, n. mwenyeji, mwenyewe
(w-), bwana.

Proprietorship, n. kumiliki, wenyeji.
Propriety, n. adabu, utaratibu,
usuri; (suitability) ulinganifu.
Propulsion, n. kusukuma, kupeleka

mbele, msukumo.

Propulsive, a. -a kusukuma.

Prorogation, n. kuweka, &c. (Tas.
Prorogue).

Prorogue, v. katiza | maneno ya ba-
vasa kuu), ahirisha, weka.

Prosaic, a. -4 Prose, Prosy.

Proscribe, vy. gombeza, kataza, hart-
misha.

Proscription, n. makatazo, kuhari-
masha.

Prose, n. | usemi wa maongezi ao Wa
siku zole, kuliko usemi wa masha-
iri na utenzi); (dull discourse)
[maneno ya baridi ao kuchosha).
In plain prose, wast wast.

—— v. toa maneno baridi | ya ku-
choska}.

Prosecute, v. sitaki mbele ya kaths,
dai, peleka korti (| sherianz); (carry
on) fuliza, endesa, shika kasi ya,
dumia.

807

PROSY

Prosecution, n. £udat, da wa, mstaka
[mz-), shtaka [ma-]; (carrying on)
fulizo, kuendeza, hudumia.

Prosecutor, n. mshitaki wa], mdai.

Proselyte, n. mwongofu [wa-| wa
dini.

Proselytism, n. (b:dii mno ya kufa-
nya Proselytes |.

Proselytize, v. fanya Proselytism.

Prosody, n. | kanuni sa kutunga ma-
shairi |.

Prospect, n. kutasamia mbele, ma-
mbo ya mbele, mambo yajayo ;
(view) yaliyo mbele ya macho, sura
ya ulimwengu; (ground of hope)
sababu ya kutumaini, matumaini.
There is a prospect of war, s#aka-
bili vita.

— v. peleleza, chungulia.

Prospective, a. -a mbele,-a baadaye;
(looking forward) -@ &utazamia
mobele,

Prospectus, n. daftari, muhtasari.

Prosper, v. (neut.) Janikiwa, fana,
ongonewa, kunguka, sttawt, -wa na

heri; (make prosper) fanikisha,
sttawtsha. God prosper you,
Allah bilkheré, Muungu akubariki
Mwenyezi Mngu akuweke. My
affairs have prospered, mambo
yamenifanikia. |

Prosperity, n. mal, usitawi, uheri,
neema, mbaraka, kufanikiwa.

Prosperous, a. -enyt Prosperity.

Prostitute, n. ktakaba | ma- |).

—— v. fanya kahaba; (abuse) aibi-
sha, tumia vibaya (kwa aibu).

Prostitution, n. kahaba; (abuse)
matumizi mabaya | ya aibu).

Prostrate, 2. fulifuli, chini, -liolala
chini; (overcome, exhausted) -/e-
gevu, -chovu, -a kuzimia roho.

— v. angusha chini; (exhaust) shi-
nda kabisa, legeza nguvu ya. Pro-
strate oneself before, sujudu, sujudia.

Prostration, n. kusujudu ; (exhaus-
tion) ulegevu wa nguvu, kuvunjika
nguvu.

Prosy, a. -4 baridi, -a vivi hivi, -a

kuchosha. Itis prosy (dull), Aazna

kiungo.
Ka

PROTEAN

a. -@ mageuzi mengi, -a
kugeukageuka.

Protect, v. htfathi, tunza, linda,
ponya, funika.

Protection, n. hamaya, tunza, ult-
nzi; (something that protects)
kinga, ngao, kifuniko.

Protectionist, n. (asemaye, “ zuieni
biashara ya wangineo, mpate kusi-
tawisha yenu’ |,

Protective, a. -a kuhifathi.

Protector, n. mhifathi, mlinzi, baba.

Protectorate, n. kamayat al seri-

. kali. A British Protectorate, sch
tliyo chini ya hamayat al Ingeresza.

Protectorial, a. -a hamaya.

Protégé, n. mtoto [wa-], mtu [wa
kulindwa).

Protest, n. ushuhuda, kushuhudia ;
(objection) makatazo, udaku.

v. shuhudia, kataza, si kubali.

Protestant, n. |Mmasihiya asiye-
kubali mafundisho ya Kanisa la
kirumi kwa mambo mangine ya
dini).

Protestantism, n. ali ya Protes-
tant.

Protestation, n. maneno ya kushu-
hudia | ya kukataza|.

Protocol, n. Aol, hali yenyi mapa-
tano.

Protomartyr,n. Martyr wa kwanza.

Prototype, n. chanzo, cheo, kiolezo,
namna ya asili | ya awal: |,

Protract, v. ongeza wakali wa, fuli-
za, zidisha, kawilisha.

Protraction, a. kukawilisha, Sc.
(Zaz. Protract).

Protrude, v. toa nje, benua ; (neut.)
tokeza, toka nje, benuka, fanya
mdomo |nundu)|.

Protrusion, n. kuloa, kutoka, Sc.
(Zaz. Protrude).

Protuberance, n. kubenuka, kutoke-
za, uvimbi, nundu, mgongo.

Proud, a. -a kiburi, -a kujisifu, -a

. fahari.

Provable, a. -a Auwesa kuthubutika,

~ &c.

Prove, v. thubutisha, shuhudia, bat-
nisha, hakikisha; (turn out) tokea,

LI

308

PROVOCATION

tekelea, onekana, bainika; (try)
jaribu, jaribia, onja.

Provender, n. chakula (cha ng'ombe
ao frasi, &c., majani, manyasi,
matisha),

Proverb, n. methali, mfano wa
maneno.

Proverbial, a. -a Proverb ; (gener-
ally known) -a kujulika na wote,
-a kuvumika kote.

Provide, v. toa, andaa, weka tayari,
auni; (provide for) amuru mbele,
tazamta mbele, -wa tayari kwa,
wekea, akiba, andalia; (support)
-wa riziki za, -wa akiba ya, -wa
mali ya.

Provided (that), conj. kwa sharti
ya, kama, iwapo.

Providence, n. Muungu, maongozi
ya Muungu, amri ya Muungu,
majaliwa ; (foresight) busara, ma-
wazo ya mbele, kutasamia mbele;
(thrift) kuweka akiba, kukata
gharama.

Provident, a. -enyi busara, -a kuta-
samia mbele, -a kuweka akiba.

Providential, a. -4 Providence.

Province, n. (function) kasi, shu-
ghuli, sehemu; (territory) inch,
wilaya, jimbo(ma-); (class) sehemu
ya mambo, aina, jamii. It is not
my province, smo, 58 juu Yangu,
st kazi yangu. The provinces,
mashamba, miji midogo.

Provincial, a. -4 mashamba, -a miji
midogo; (countrified) -a kishenzi,
-a kishamba, -gent.

Provincialism, n. ushenzi, ugeni;
(in speech) usemi wa kimashamba.

Provision, n. madaraka, kufanya
tayari ; (clause, agreement) sharti,
maafikano.

—— v. wekea chakula.

Provisional, a.-a wakati kitambo,
-a marra moja, si -a dayima.

Provisions, n. vyakula, makuli,
riziki; (for journey, Sc.) masa-
rufi.

Proviso, n. sharti, maafikano.

Provocation, n. kukasirisha, jambo
la kukasirisha.

PROVOCATIVE

809

PUGNACITY

Provocative, Provocatory, a. -a| Public, a. -a wazi wast, baini, -a

kukasirisha; (causal) -a kutoza, -a
kufanya.
Provoke, v. kasirisha, ghairi, tia
uchungu; (cause) fanya, -wa sa-
babu ya, tosa, leta, Be provoked
(take offence), fufuka.

Provoking, a. -a kukasirisha, -ti-
rire,

Provost, n. mkuu [wa-]; (in Scot-
land) #wali (ma-).

Prow, n. gubeli, omo; (of small
vessel) kikomo.

Prowess, n. ushujaa, ujasirt, utha-
bili, ugumu.

Prowl, v. zunguka-sunguka | kama
simba usiku),

Proximate, a. -a karibu, -a pili
yake, -a palepale.

Proximity, n. kuwa karibu, kupa-
kana, ujirani.

Proxy, n. badala, wakili | ma-).

Prude, n. mwenyi Prudery.

Prudence, n. busara, fikara, hathari,
utaratibu, akili.

Prudery, n. kuwa na haya mno,
kujivunia haya, ubaridi,

Prudish, a. -enyi Prudery.

Prune, n. (Tunda kama zambarau|.

— v. kata | funguzia) malawi,
chenga, pogoa, fyeka.

Prurience, n. ng 0a, ufisadi, nyegi.

Prurient, a. -4 Prurience.

Pry, v. chungulia, peleleza, dadisi.

Psalm, n. saburi.

Psalmist, n. mfunga zaburi.

Psalmody, n. jam: ya zaburi,
kuimba zaburi,

Psalter, n. kifabu cha Zaburi za
Daudi.

'Psaltery, n. [sese Ja kiyahudi).

Pseudonym, n. jina la uwongo, jina
la kubunika.

Psychical, a. -a roho ya binadamu.

Psychological, a. -2 Psychology.

Psychologist, n. mwalimu wa
Psychology.

Psychology, n. (elimu ya mambo ya
roho ya binadamu),

Puberty, n. ubalihi, kuanza kuwa
mtu mzima, kukomaa, upevu.

wate wote; (official) -a serkali,
Public affairs, mambo ya tatfa,
mambo ya serikali, mambo yapa-
sayo wote, mambo makubwa.

Publican, n. mwenyi Public-house;
(tax-gatherer) mtoza ushuru.

Publication, n. kubainisha, kueneza
habari, kutoa wazi; (book) ki;
tabu, kutoa kitabu.

Public-house, n. nyumba ya wageni
[ya kukaribisha watu wo wote,
pauswapo mvinyo, pombe, Sc.).

Publicist, n. mwalimu wa sheria. —

Publicity, n. uwazt, ubayana, kuju-
likana.

Public-spirited, a. -karimu, -paji,
(-a kukumbuka watu wote, -a kue
Jathili watu kuliko nafsi yake|.

Publish, v. bainisha, tangaza, toa
wazt, eneza habari; (of books, &c.)
toa, piga chapa, tembeza.

Publisher, n. mweneza habari; (of
books) mtoa vitabu.

Pucker, v. kunja, finya.

Pudding, n. maandast, pudint.

Puddle, n. kiziwa cha maji, kidi-
mbwi [vi-).

Puddling, n. (fama kutia matiko).

Puerile, a. -tivirt, -a kitoto, -a ku-
chezacheza,

Puerility, n. utiriri, kuchezacheza.

Puerperal, a. -4 uzazi.

Puff, n. kishindo (cha pumuzi aa cha
pepo]; (overpraise) maneno ya
kusifu mno; (pastry) [maandas?].

— v. puliza kwa kishindo, toa [tia]
pumuzi kwakishindo; (pant) tweta,
kokota roho; (inflate) jaza (vimbi-
sha kwa) hewa; (praise unduly)
sifu mno, tembesa, angaza ; (make
sweli) furisha.

Puffy, a. -a kuvimba, -a kufura.

Pugilism, n. maarifa ya kupigana
konde.

Pugilist, n. mpigana konde.

Pugilistic, a. -a kupigana konde.

Pugnacious, a. -gonivi, -a kutaka
vita, -pigana/t, -kati.

Pugnacity, n. kulaka vita, ushi-
ndani.

PUISSANT

Puissant, a. -a enzi, -a nguvu kuu.

Pull, n. mvuto, nguvu ya kuvuta,
uwezo; (carrying on) mfulizo.

r— v. vula, kokota; (pluck) chuma.
Pull down, angusha, bomosha.
Pull up, simamisha, (neut.) si-
mama; (root up) #g’oa. Pull
through, Jona, okoka. Pull a face,
kunja uso, finya uso.

Pullet, n. kuku mdogo, mtoto wa
kuku, faranga | ma-}.

Pulley, n. kapi |ma-), ayari.

Pulmonary, a. -a kifua, -a pafu
(ma- |), -a pumu.

Pulp, n. (kitu kilicho chororo, kama
nyamaya lundabivu kama ubongo |.

Pulpit, n. mimbara.

Pulpy, a. kama Pulp.

Pulsate, v. pigupiga, puma, kutuma.

Pulsation, n. kupigapiga, kupuma.

Pulse, n. kupigapiga moyo, pigo la
mshipa wa damu; (grain) nafaka.
Feel the pulse, kanda mshipa.

Pulverize, v. (fanya kama unga)
Ponda, tua, saga.

Puma, n. (nyama wa Amerika,
kama simba |.

Pumice, n. | jiwe jepesi, litokalo
kafika Volcano}.

Pummel, v. #4 n. = Pommel.

Pump, n. bomba [ya kupandisha
maji juu). ,

v. vuta kwa bomba; (question)
hojihoji, dadisi.

Pumpkin, n. (plant) mboga (mi- |);
(fruit) boga (ma-).

Pun, n. (meno la ubishi lenyi maana
mbili), usum?.
—— v. | chezea maneno, sema maneno
yenyi maana mbili kwa ubishi).
Punch, n. (mvinyo wa moto uliotiwa
sukali, karafuu, 8c.|; (tool) [chu-
ma cha kuchomea ao kuzulia|; (pup-
pet) (mtoto wa bandia, kinyago).

—— v. piga konde.

Punotilio, n. #ufaratibu halisi, adabu,
ustahifu.

Punotilious, a. -eny# Punctilio.

Punctual, a. -eny: Punctuality,
sawa sawa | wakati |), barabara. Be
punctual, kumbuka saa, si chelewa.

810

PURENESS

Punctuality, n. kushika wakati
wake, kuja kwa wakali wake,
sawa sawa, barabara, -siochelewa.
Punctuality is indispensable, sharti
killa kazi kwa saa yake barabba.

Punctuate, v. 47a Punctuation.

Punctuation, n. (alama sa kulenga
maneno, na kuonya vikomo, kama
hisi (;,.%: )].

Puncture, v. choma (kwa sindano).

—— n. kitundu |vi-).

Pungenoy, n. uchungu, ukali.

Pungent, a. -chungu, -kalt.

Punish, v. athibu, rudi, lipa, atht-
bisha.

Punishable, a. -2 kustahili athabu,
-a kupasiwa hukumu, haramu.

Punishment, n. athabu, malipo,
marudio.

Punitive, a. -a kualhibu, -a athabu.

Punkah, n. pepeo[ma-|kubwa, panka.

Punster, n. mfanya Pun.

Punt, n. (mashua ya mbau iliyo
sawa chini, haina mkuku|. .

—— v. endesha | mashua) kwa pondo.

Puny, a. -dogo, thaifu sana, -Htovia.

Pup, n. toto wa mbwa.

——. v. saa | mbwa|.

Pupa, n. (nyumba ao tundu la mdu-
du) mdudu | wa-); (of bee) jana
[ma-}.

Pupil, n. mwanafunsi [wa-]; (of
eye) mboni ya jicho, kiini cha
Jicho, mwana wa jicho.

Puppet, n. mtofo wa bandia.

Puppy, n. = Pup, n.

Purblind, a. nussu kipofu, macho
thaifu.

Purchase, v. nunna, pata kwa fetha,
pata.

—— n. kununua, ununuzi; (thing
bought) (kifu kilichonunuliwa|),
nunusi (ma-|; (instrument) che-
mbuko la nguvu, chombo, egemeo,
msaada.

Purchaser, n. mnunuzi (wa-|.

Pure, a. safi, -eupe, fasihi, -takatifu ;
(unmixed) -#upu, tu, peke yake,
halisi.

Purely, adv. alts, haswa, tu.

Pureness, n. kawa Pure.

PURGATIVE

Purgative, n. dawa la kuharisha
ae kufungua choo, la kuendesha
¢

Purgatorial, a. -2 Purgatory.

Purgatory, n. (makali pa ahera pa
kutakasia thambi ndogo|.

Purge, v. fakasa, safisha; (clear)
ondolea taka [hattya]; (evacuate)
haresha.

Purification, n. wutakaso;
monially) weso, tohara.
Parificatory, a. -a kutakasa, -a

kutua.

Purify, v. takasa, safisha, chuja;
(ceremonially) exa; (correct) saki-
hisha.

Parist, n. fasihi [wa maneno, usemi,
adabu, &c. |.

Puritan, n. (watu walioshindana na
Kanisa la Ingereza samani za
Reformation, wakitafuta dini
iliyo safi zayidi; mtu ajivunaye
kuwa na dini safi).

Puritanical, a. -2 Puritan.

Puritanism, n. [mathehebu ya Puri-

(cere-

tan |.

Purity, n. wtakatifu, kuwa safi,
weupe; (ceremonial) fohara; (cor-
rectness) ufasihi, uhalisi, ubora.

Purlieu, n. kiunga |vi-).

Purloin, v. iwa, nyang'anya.

Purple, n. wekundu | kama zambarau
mbivu); (royal) wasi la kifaume;
(sovereignty) ufalme, enst.

Purport, n. maana.

Purpose, n. kusudi (ma-), kasidi,
nia,shauri,mradi. Servea purpose,
faa. On purpose, With the purpose,
makusudi. He coughed on purpose
(purposely), alijikohoza. o the
purpose, -enyi njia, -a kufaa, -a
maana. To small purpose, durre,
isivyofaa.

v. kusudia, asimu, taka.

Purposeless, a. pasipo shauri, -a
burre, -pumbafu, -batili.

Purposely, adv. makusudi.

Purr, n. (mvumi wa paka kwa
furaha yake).

—— v. foa Purr.

Purse, n. kifuko (cha kutilia fetha );

311

PUT

(money) mali; (treasury) kasina.
Make up a purse, changa fetha.
Purse-proud, a. | mjivunia malt).
Purser, n. karani wa fetha | katika
manoware |.
Pursuance, n. In pursuance of,
Pursuant to, kwa kufuata, kwa.
Pursue, v. (drive off) fukuza; (hunt)
saka, winda; (follow) fuata, ki-
mbilia ; (attend to, carry on) shika,
dumia,fuliza; (aim at) taka, tafuta,
tamani. ’

Pursuer, n, mfukusi, mkimbizi.

Pursuit, n. utafuta, kutaka;
(chase )ufukuso, ukimbizo; (occnpa-
tion) kazi, mchezo | mi-), shughuli,
mambo.

Pursuivant, n. mjumbe | wa-), mta-
ngulisi | wa-).

Pursy, a. -/upt na -nene.

Purulent, a. -enyz usaha.

Purvey, v. patza chakula, nunulia
chakula.

Purveyor, n. mtoa chakula.

‘Purview, D. £140.

Pus, n. saka.

Push, v. sukuma; (accelerate) Aim:-
za,endesha mbio; (annoy) sumbua,
sukumiza; (carry beyond bounds)
ongeza mno. Be pushed for, sidiwa,
sumbukia, shidda kupata, Push
against, kumba. Push aside, Piga
kikumbo, sukumia upande. Push
past, peta karibu, ambaa. Push
off, kumbisha. Push on, sogeza
(ongeza) kwa nguvu; (nent. ) enda
haraka, kasa mw Push
questions, 40/tho/t.

—— n. (in face) mdukuo; (with
arm) msukumo, kikumbo.

Pushing, a. -efesi, -pasi, hodari.

Pusillanimous, a. -oga, thaifu,
-nyonge, -enyt roho chache.

Puss, Pussy, n. [yina la) paka.

Pustule, n. kipele | vi-], upele | pele).

Put, v. (p.t. za pf. t. Put) zia, weka.
Put across, over, in front of, amba.
Put a stop to, sta, komesha. Put
about (ship), Azada. Be put about,
sumbuka, hangaika. Put away,
wekea mbali, weka akiba, chelesa,

PUT

ondosha; (a wife) achana na,
faltkt. Put back, rudisha, (neut.)
rudi, Put between the legs, fyasa;
(of loin-cloth) piga uwinda. Put
by, @; (as store) weka akiba.
Put down, shusha, tua; (lessen)
punguza; (stop) komesha, batilisha ;
(write down) andika; (pay) lipa.
Put forth (forward), toa, nyosha;
(carryon) endesha, Putin, zmgiza;
(in purse, pocket,&c.) /reézha ; (in the
ground, ashes, leaves, &c.) vumbika.
(come to shore) -ja pwani. Put
in line, or in order, panga, funga,
vatibisha. Put in mind of, £4-
mbusha, fakamisha, Put off,
(clothes, &c.) wwa, ondoa; (defer)
weka, akhirisha, cheleza; (mislead)
danganya; (leave shore) Zoka
pwani, tweka. Put off on, suku-
mista, kumbishta, Put on, (clothes,
Sc.) vaa, valia, vika; (arrow on
string, knife in belt, spectacles on
nose) fachika; (on lap, knees,
shoulder) pakata; (assign) amria;
(employ) tumia; (attribute) suku-
mia; (deceive) punja, danganya;
(set to) Za katzka; (on the fire)
teleka; (on a spit) Zunga kijilini.
Put on guard, fakathirisha, onya.
Put on trial, peleka hukumuni;
(prove) jartbu. Put out, toa, ondo-
sha; (extinguish) zima, stmisha ;
(dislocate) stusha, fegua; (extend)
nyosha, toa nje; (perplex) fathat-
sha; (offend) ta uchungu, kasi-
risha. Be put out, ona chuki,
Jutuka. Put over, vukisha,
abirisha; (defer) weka, akhirisha ;
(make master of) weka juu ya,
Sanya msimamizi wa. Putthrough,
penyesha; (carry out) maltiza,
fikiliza. Puttobed, /aza kitandani,
laza, tueska. Put to death, fisha,
ua. Put to (door), shindika. Be
put to, sidiwa, sumbuka, fathatka.
Put to flight, £:mbiza. Put to
rights, Zengenesa. Put to sea,
#weka. Put to the sword, chinja.
Put up, (lodge) zwa, panga; (for
sale) usa, tembeza; (set aside) weka;

312

QUADRANGULAR

(pack) funga; (erect) simamisha,
jenga; (game) stuska |kimbiza |
nyama. Put up with, vumilia,
stahimili, subiri. Put up to,
erevusha, onya, tia hathari ya,eleza,
fundisha. Put up for (apply for,
ask work for), andikia jina.

Putative, a. -Lothantwa lakini sivyo,
-A UWONGO.

Putrefaction, n. kwoza, uvundo,

Putrefy, v. oza; (act.) ozesha.

Putrid, a. -enyi kuoza, &c.

Putridity, n. kioza, uvundo.

Putty, n. (whiting) chaki.

Puzzle, v. zusua, tatantsha, fatha-
isha, shinda; (use puzzling lan-
guage) fumba maneno.

—— n. matata, kitendawili, fumbo.

Puzzling, a. -a matata.

Pygmy, n. kibeti [vi-], mbilikimo

wa- |.

peta, n. [ jengo la mawe, kama
mapaa manne ya nyumba yaltyo
sawa yote, (Ar.) haram); (pile)
chungu ya mawe, chungu.

Pyramidal, a. tama Pyramid.

Pyre, n.chungu ya kuni | ya kusikia
mtu).

Pyrotechnic, a. -4 Pyrotechny.

Pyrotechnics, Pyrotechny, n. | 4a-
2: ya kufanya fataki, viberiti, ma-
ngine ya molo|.

Python, n. chats.

Q

Qua, con]. kwa kuwa.

Quack, v. /ia [kama bata); (boast)
Jivuna.

—— n. mlio [wa bata]; (doctor)
(mtu ajifanyaye mganga asijue
dawa |; (impostor) ayart, mwongo.

Quackery, n. dawa ya uwongo-
uwongo, madanganya.

Quadrangle, n. | sanamu yenyi pa-
nde 'nne na pembe 'nne; (court)
behewa kati ya nyumba, uwanja
wenyi nyumba pande sole |.

Quadrangular, a. kama
rangle.

Quad-

QUADRANT

Quadrant, n. (chombo cha kupimia
kadiri ya kupanda jua ao nyota
angani |.

Quadrilateral, a. -enyi pande 'nne.

Quadrille, n. (ngoma ya Ulaya ya
kucheza watu wanane, wawili-
wawili |.

Quadroon, n. [mtu nussu mweupe
NUSU mweust |.

Quadrumanous, a. -enyi mikono
minne [kama nyant}.

Quadruped, n. | nyama yenyi miguu
minne).

Quadruple, v. zidisha marra "nne.

Quaff, v. nywa kwa mashindo,

gugumiza.

Guagga, n. (nyama kama punda
milia).

Quagmire, n. (makali penyi maji
na matope yametangamana chini,
siwa baya la kutopesa watu).

Quail, n. tomibo, tomboroko.

— v. betema kwa hofu, shindwa
na hofu, jikunyata kwa hofu.

Quaint, a. -geni, ajabu, -a mtindo,
-a peke yake, -a kuchesha.

Quaintness, n. kuwa Quaint.

Quake, v. Zelemeka, tapatapa.

—— n. letemo (ma-).

Quaker, n. [watu waliotengana na
Kanisa kama A.D. 1650, wakazs-
laja “ Marafiki, wakishika mathe-
hebu zao wenyewe |.

Quakerism, n. ([mathehebu ya
Quakers}.

Qualification, n. sifa, tabia, hali,
akili, ruhusa, uwezo; (change)
mageuzi, tofautt; (disparagement)
UPUNGUO, kupunguza sifa, kusahi-
hisha.

Qualify, v. wezesha, stahtlisha, tolea
ruksa | haki, sifa, uwezo); (alter)
ve pungusa; (neut.) pata

kuweza, kustahil:|. Be
wie , faa, weza, stahili, -wa
na akili, tumikana.

In qualified
terms, sé sana, kidogo.
Qualitative, a. -a kuonya Quality.
Quality, n. /abia, ginsi, jisi, Aina,
sifa, cheo, cheo bora, A person of
quality, mtu bora.

813

QUARTER-STAFF

Qualm, n. kuchafuka tumbo; (scru-
ple) uchungu, mashaka.

Quantity, n. kiasi, kadri, cheo,
wingi, ukubwa.

Quarantine, n. (kuzuiwa mahali
kwa sababu ya ugonjwa, watu
wasiambukizwe), kifungo, kufu
ngwa, kwarantine,

Quarrel, n. ugomvi, matelo, tofauti.

Quarrelsome, a. -g0mu:.

Quarrelsomeness, n, ugomvi.

Quarry, n. | fa kuvunja ao kuchimba
mawe|, chimbo [ma-]; (prey)
windo | ma-|).

Quarryman, n. mvunja | wa- |), mawe.

Quart, n. (kipimo cha Ingereza kama
vibaba viwili, kisaga|.

Quartan, a. -a killa siku ya "nne.

Quarter, n. volo, sehemu ya 'nne;
(sparing life) amani, kuachia
(kuachiwa) maisha; (of a town)
mtaa |mi- |; (direction) upande;
(weight) ralfi asharini na nane.
Three-guarters, kassa robo. Give
quarter, achia adui aishi, -pa ama-
ni, acha. Quarter dollar (half
rupee),robo. WOuarterrupee (eighth
of dollar), ¢hemunz. (Tas. Yuar-
ters.)

v. kata vipande vinne; (lodge)
kalisha, -pa kituo na chakula.

Quarter-day, n. siku ya robo mwa-
ka.

Quarter-deck, n. sielri, sitaha ya
nyuma.

Quarterly, a. -4 killa mwest wa
tatu, -a marra "nne killa mwaka.
Quarter-master, n. | msimamizi wa
asikari kwa mambo ya chakula,
nguo, vifaa, makao; (in ships) éa-

haria msimamizi, serangi).

Quartern, n. mkale mkubwa.

Quarters, n. (lodgings) makao, kituo.
Fore-quarters, Pande sa mbele (2a

nyama). Hind-quarters, pande za
nyuma. Head-quarters, makao ya
Jemadari.

Quarter-sessions, n. (baraza ya
makalthi killa mwezi wa tatu}.

Quarter-staff, n. gongo | ma- |, rungu
[ma-}.

QUARTETTE

Quartette, n. [watu wanne waki-
tmba pamoja, ao uimbo wao}.

Quarto, n. (msahafu mkubwa
kidogo|.

Quarts, n. (jiwe gumu jeupe la
kung aa\.

Quash, v. komesha, tangua.

Quasi, adv. kama.

Quaver, v. tetemeka, tikistka.

n. mitkiso; (ginsi moja ya
sauli katika Music}.

Quay, n. (soma la mawe pwant, ao
la kutokeza baharini, pa kushushia
shehena), diko |ma-|.

Queen, n. malkiya, mkewe mfalme,
Sultani wa kike.

Queenly, a. kama Queen, -a ki-
Jaume.

Queer, a. -geni, -a ajabu, -a peke
yake, -a ubishi, -a kuchekesha.

Quell, v. komesha, zuta, tuliza.

Quench, v. fuliza, zima, stmisha.

Querulous, a. -a kuguna, -a kunu-
ngunthka, -a kutokuwa ratht, -a
huzuni. .

Query, n. «/220, swali | ma-|J; (mark)
(alama ya kuulisa, hivi ?).

Quest, n. kutfafula, upelelezi.

Question, n. swali [ma-], ulizo
(ma-J; (subject of discussion) neno,
kisa. Beg the question, 25a, danga-
nya [kattka maneno|. Ask ques-
tions, “/tsa, uza, toa maswali.
Press with questions, hoj?, dadisi.
Call in question, fanyia maneno.
Be out of the question, ss weseka-
na, si yamkini. Be in question,
fanyiwa maneno. A_ burning
question, (neno lenyi haraka ao la
kubishaniwa, jambo litakalo kuka-
zika upest|. Beyond question, 4a-
kika, yakini, billa shaka.

—— v. ulisa, dadisi, hoji; (doubt)
onea mashaka, st sadiki sana. I
question whether, sijui kama, sitha-

ni,

Questionable, a. (doubtful) -enyi
mashaka, si hakika ; (not right) si
-ema, si halisi, st barabba.

Quibble, n. maneno ya kudanganya.

—— Vv. danganya kwa maneno.

814

QUINTESSENCE
ane iat a. udanganyifu (wa ma-

nenoj.

Quick, a. -epfest, -pest; (clever) ho-
dari, -elekevu, -enyi akili; (living)
hayt, -sima.

n. nyama ya ndani, mshipa ;
(inmost part) moyo, kiini. It
touched him to the quick, #ka-
mchoma moyoni.

Quicken, v. Aimisa;' (encourage)
amsha, tia moyo, tia nguvu; (give
life to) kwisha, fufua. He quick-
ened his steps, a/istdt kwenda
upesi, alikazsa mwendo.

Quicklime, n. (chokaa bichi isiyots-
wa maji |.

Quickly, adv. upesi, hima, haraka.

Quickness, n. wepesi, haraka.

Guicksand,n. (mchanga uliotanga-
mana na maji usioendeka, kwani
unavula chini, mchanga wa ku-
topesa|).

Guickset, a.
miba.

Quick-sighted, a. -cpest kuona,
enyi macho.

Quicksilver, n. zebaki (Ar.).

Quid, n. (chewed betel, &c.) ufembe.

Quiescence, Quietude, n. #fu/ivu,
amani, kimya.

Quiet, Quiescent, a. -fulifu, -pole,
-nyamavu, -a amani, kimya, ma-
kini.

Quietism, n. [ufulivu wa rohoni).

Quietly, adv. polepole, taratibu, kwa
Saburt, kimya.

Quietness, n. ufulivu, kimya, ma-
kini,

Guill, n. ubawa, ubawa wa kuandi-

ta.

Quilt, n. tandiko (la juu ya kitanda,
nguo nene maradufu ).

eal n. (tunda la Ulaya kama

ra).

Quinine,n.[dawalzhoma), kwinini.

Quinguennial, a. -4 killa mwaka
wa tano.

Guinsy, n. ugonjwa wa kooni, jipu
la kooni, kimio.

Quintessence, n. [mafuta yaliyo-
safika kwa kupika sana); (purest

-& michongoma, -a

QUIRE
form) asili khaswa, nguvu hdlisi,

ipeo.

Quire, n. fungu la karatasi | karasa
asharini na 'nne).

Quirk, n. hila, madanganya.

Quit, v. (leave) acha, toka katika,
hama, ondoka katika; (acquit)
achilia; (pay) lipa.

a. -lioachtihwa, -Hookoka. Be
quit of, ondolewa, okoka katika.
Be quits, rithiana, patana, pana
sawa.

Quite, adv. kabisa,kamwe, halisi, pia.
Quite as bad, -baya sawasawa.
Quite so, ndivyo hivyo, ce wallah.

Quittance, n. mafipo, kisasi.

Quiver, v. Zelemeka, tikistka, tapa-
tapa.

—— n. tetemo [ma-]; (for arrows,
&c.) podo.

Quixotic, a. -@ wazimo, -pumbafu,
-a kupotewa akili, -kuu,

Quoit, n. pete ya chuma | ya mchezo).

Quorum, n. kanuni, jamii | hesabu |
ya kanuni.

Quota, n. sehemu.

Quotation, n. (maneno fullant ya
kitabuni, ao yaliyonenwa na mtu
mwingine zamani) mateusi, ma-
dondoo, thtibast (Ar.); (price)
kima, bet.

Quote, v. [40a ao ingiza ao chagua ao
tumia maneno ya mtu mwingine,
ao ya kitabuni), dondoa, tumia
maneno ya.

Quoth (he, she, 1), v. asema,alisema,
(asema, &c. ].

Quotidian, a. -a killa siku.

Quotient, n. (in arithm.) [esadz
ya kuonyesha marra ngapi katika
mkasama (Division) J.

R.

Rabbi, n. (mwalimu wa kiyahudi).

Rabbinical, a. -2 Rabbi.

Rabbit, n. sungura, kisungura, ki-
tungule, kititi.

Rabble, n. |walu wengi wakifanya
makelele ao jeuri ao uthia|), ma-
kutano, watu wa ovyo, ghasia.

315

RAFFLE

Rabid, a. -eny? wasimo.

Race, n. shindano [ma-] la mbio;
(swift movement) mwendo mpesi ;
(swift current) mkondo wa mlo;
(lineage) ujamaa, udugu, mbegu ;
(division of mankind) Zaifa [ma-].

— v. shindana mbio, kwenda mbio.

Race-course, n. vwanja wa kushi-
ndania mbio.

Race-horse, Racer, n. frasi wa ku-
shindana mbio.

Racing, n. mashindano ya mbio.

Rack, v. nyosha kwa nguvu; (tor-
ture) stusha maungo, athibisha vi-
baya, umiza mno; (vex greatly)
utht, onea, sumbua. Rack one’s
brains, fikiri sana, tafuta shauri.

n. (kitu cha kuathibisha watu
vibaya kwa kustusha viungo;
chuma chenyt meno; (frame) mbau
senyt vipande vya kuandikia vitu
ukutani). Go to rack and ruin,
angamia kabisa, enda potelea, hari-
bika sana. Be onthe rack, uthzka
mno, shikwa na mashaka.

Racket, n. |ubau wa kuchezea tufe) ;
(disturbance) makelele, ghasia.

Rack-rent, n. kodi.

Racoon, n. (nyama kama komba
mkubwa).

Racy, a. -tamu, bora halisi.

Radiance, n. mwanga, mwangaza,
weupe, uzuri, nuru, wangafu.

Radiant, a. -angafu, -a kungara,-a
furaha, -enyt kianga cha uso.

Radiate, v. toa | Tapanya, eneza, toka |
nwu |moto) pande zote.

Radiation, n. kuloa nuru, &c. (Taz.
Radiate).

Radical, a. -a awali, -a asili, -a kati-
ba; (=Demooratic) ; (thorough,
complete) halisi, kabisa, haswa.

n.— Democrat.

Radicalism, n. (mashauri ya Demo-
crate |.

Radish, n. (mboga kama figili).

Radius,n.| #ussu ya Diameter, nussu
ya mstari upitao kati ya duara
(circle)}.

Raffle, v. piga [pigia) kura kwa
Setha.

RAFT

Raft, n. shapa [ma-], chelezo (cha
mba zinefunganishwa pamoja |.
Rafter, n. boriti; (for thatch) £0-

mbamoyo (ma-]; (thin) pao [ma-).

Rag,n. kitambaa [vi-]; (torn clothes)
nguo mbovu.

Ragamuffin, n.
hafifu, maskini).

Rage, n. hasira kali, ghathabu.

— v. kasirika, ghathabika; (be in
violent motion) chafuka.

Ragged, a. -liotatuka, -bayabaya,
bovu.

Raging, a. -a kukasirika, -a kucha-
Suka.

Ragout, n. [maandasi ya nyama,
yaltyokolewa sana).

Raid, n. vita, kuleta vita, shambulio

ma-\.

—— v. letea vita, leka.

Rail, n. mii [mt-, wa juu ya nguzo|,
papi, kipande, ufito | fito); (iron)
[chuma cha njia ya gari la moshi);
(railway train) gari la moshi;
(bird) (ndege ya maji).

v. sungusha ua wa mifi; (use
bad language) #ukana, toa ma-
Lust.

Railing, n. wa wa mili (wa chuma);
(bad language) matukano, matust.

Raillery, n. thihaka, kucheka.

Railroad, Railway, n. [ta ya
magari ya moshi) relwe.

Raiment, n. nguo, mavazi.

Rain, n. mvua; (showers) manyunyo;
(wet season) masika. Lesser rains,
mvua ya mwaka.

v. nya; (issue abundantly) zoa
(toka) wingi wa.

Rainbow, n. upindi wa mvua.

Rain-cloud, n. gktubari [ma-).

Rain-gauge, n. | chombo cha kupimia
mvua |.

Rainy, a. -a mvua nyingi.

Baise, v. inya, pansa, paaza, tweka,
nyanyua, pandisha, kwesa; (col-
lect) kusanya, changa; (grow)
otesha, salisha; (produce, make)
fanya, fanyiza; (increase) ongeza ;
(strengthen) ¢hubutisha; (excite
amsha, harakisha; (bring to life)

[mtu mnyonge,

816

RANCOBROUS

huisha, fufua; (of money) pata; (in
price) Awesa, pandisha; (make
stand) simamisha; (dignify) Zuku-
za; (of voice) palisa; (remove)
ondoa, ondokesha. Raise a siege,
vunja masingiwa, acha vita.

Raisin, n. zabibu kavu.

Rajab, n. jumbe [ma-, wa kihi-

tj.

Rake, n. | jembe lenyi meno la kuko-
kolea taka); (slope) sznamisi ;
(debauchee) mfisadi, mwasherati.

v. fumia Rake | jembe la meno);
(collect) kusanya ; (view) angalta ;
(slope) zzama, enda mshathal:;
(fire on) pigia mizinga | merikebu
mbele na nyuma, si mbavuni).
Rake up, chocheleza, vumbilia,
paliliza.

Rakish, a. -fenda asheratt, -sinifu.

Rally, v. (restore order, &c.) rudi-
sha, tengeneza, ondolea hofu, tia
moyo; (regain order, &c.) jirudia,
pata moyo, rudishiwa ;
(make fun of) folea ubishi, cheka.

Ram, n. kondoo mume; (of war-ship)
mdomo wa manowari; (hydraulic)
(mtambo wa nguvu sana, shinikizo
la kusukumia mastto).
— v. (a charge) shindtlia, shindt-
ka; (a ship) ponda mbavu.

Ramble, n. matembezi, masunguko.

—— v. tembea, zunguka; (be crazy)
potewa na akili, payuka.

Rambling, a. (crazy) -a kupayuka,
-a kichaa; (irrelevant) -sio maana,
-puzsi. ;

Ramification, n. maeneo; (part,
branch) sehemu.

Ramify, v. (spread) enea; (branch
out) gawanytka.

Rammer, n. mti wa kushindilia,
mchi (mi-).

Rampant, a. kupita kiasi; (ragin
-kalt mno, -a ghathabu nyingi. 8)

Rampart, n. boma | ma-|.

Ramrod, n. mdeki | mi- |.

Ran, p. t. ya Run.

Rancid, a. -liochachuka, -kals.

Rancidity, n. ukali, kuchachuka,

Rancorous, a. -4 Rancouwr.

RANCOUR

Rancour, n. ukali, uchungu, ma-
chukio.

Random, a. -4 bahati, -a nasibu,

. ovyo, shelabela, twesavyo, vyo vyote.

At random, kwa bahati, &c.

Rang, p.t. ya Ring.

Range, n. (line) safu ; (series) jamii ;
(fireplace) meko ya chuma ; (reach,
extent) eneo, kadiri; (walk) mate-
mbezi ; (space) nafasi; (compass)
miupo (wa lisast ya mzinga, bu-
nduki, &c.|; (distance) urefu [wa
kufikia kitu ao mahali). Range of
mountains, mzlima, milima mengi.

v. sunguka, tembea, potea;
(arrange) fanga, andika, tengene-
sa; (pass over) pifza; (extend)
enea, wa na eneo (cheo, kadiri,
hesabu |.

Ranger, n. | msimamizi wa shamba
la serkali |.

Rank, n. daraja, cheo, usheha ; (row)
safu; (high rank) cheo kikubwa,
daraja bora. The ranks, Rank and
file; asikari, He has risen from
the ranks, alikuwa mdogo sasa

mkubwa.

v. weka; (arrange) Zengeneza,
panga; (be placed) wekwa, hesa-

bwa, -wa na sifa (cheo, hesabu |.

— a. -kuza, -kubwa mno, -ingi
mno, -a kupita kiasi; (strong-
smelling) -a kunuka. A rank
idler, mvivu kabisa. A rank liar,
mwongo sana.

Rankle, v. choma moyo, tia uchungu,
waka.

Ransack, v. Zeka; (search) tafuta
killa mahali.

Ransom, n. ukombozi (| ma- ), fidia.

—— v. komboa, fidi.

Rant, n. makelele, domo, maneno,
upuzi.

—— v. figa domo, toa maneno me-
ngi, toa makelele ya upuzi.

Ranter, n. mpiga domo, &c. (Tas.
Rant, v.).

Rap, v. bisha, gonga, piga.

—— n. pigo, shindo |ma-|. Not
worth a rap, hazfaé neno.

Rapacious, a. -a kuleka, -a kula,

317

BRASH

-a kutamani, -a jeuri, -a tamaa,
~-kalt.

Rapacity, Rapaciousneas, n. kuwa
Rapacious, /amaa ya mali, jeuri.

Rape, n. jeuri, kufanyia mwanamke
Jeuri, kubikiri.

Rapid, a. -cfesi, -a kwenda upesi, -a
haraka, -a mbio.

—— n. | maji ya kwenda kaskas, ma-
telem'ko |maboromoko) ya maji,
mkondo wa nguvu|.

Rapidity, n. wepesi, haraka.

Rapidly, adv. upesi, hima, mbio.

Rapier, n. upanga | mwembamba).

Rapine, n. kufeka, jeuri.

Rapper, n. (chuma cha kubishia
mlango).

Rapt, a. -Jiochukuliwa na furaha,
-a furaha nyingi, -a fikara nyingi,
-a kushindwa moyo.

Raptorial, a. (ndege| -enyi kuka-
mata na kula nyama.

Rapture, n. furaha nyingi | kama ya
kuingia peponi |, hali ya heri.

Rapturous, a. -2 Rapture.

Rare, a. (precious) -a tunu, ajabu;
(scarce) -a shidda, -chache; (very
excellent) dora, -sio na kifani. Be
(become) rare (e.g. of a visitant),
ghalika. It is a rare specimen,
shidda, shidda kupatikana, tunu.

Rarefaction, n. [hewa)}. kuwa haba,
kuwa nyembamba.

Rarify, v. (fanya haba, pungusia
uzito ao wingi wa hewa, Sc.).

Rarity, n. funu, hedaya, asisi, aja-
bu; (scarceness) kuwa haba, ucha-
che. It is a great rarity, shtdda
sana kupatikana, imeghalika sa-
na,

Rascal, n. [mtu mwenyi labia mbaya
kabisa), mragai |wa-), mshari
[wa-], baa [ma-].

Rascality, n. ubaya, uragas.

Rascally, a. -daya, -ovu.

Rash, n. vipele.

——a. -a kujthatirisha burre, jastre,
enyi moyo mgumu; (precipitate)
-a harara, -epesi; (dangerous) -a
hatari sana; (foolish) -jinga, -a
ujinga.

RASHER

Rasher, n. (kipande cha nyama ya
nguruwe |.
Rashly, adv. Awa kutokumbuka ha-
tart, kwa ujinga, billa kufikiri,
Rashness, n. ujastrt, kuingia hata-
vrint burre, harara.

Rasorial, a. (ndege | -enyt kupekua,
kama kuku,

Rasp, n. tupa [la kulainisha mtz),
kungu.

——Y. paruza; (vex) lia uchungu,
kasirisha.

Raspberry, n. (Tunda dogo la Ulaya).

Rat, n. fanya ; (large, Zanzibar) d2-
ku

Ratable, a. -a kutoa kodi.

Rate, n. mwendo; (tax) kodi, ushuru;
(price) kima, thamani; (degree)
kadiri, kiast, kanuni; (of ships)
namna, aina. At any rate, haku-
na buddt, iwayo yote, hakika, kwa
killa hali, sharti.

— v. karipia, kemea; (fix value of)
kadirisha, amria kiasi [kadirs,
kodi|.

Ratepayer, n. mtoa kodi.

Rather, adv. (moderately) 4zdogo, st
sana; (preferably) zayidi, afathals.
I should rather go, napenda kwe-
nda, afathali niende. 1 had rather
not, sipendi mwenyewe.

Ratification, n. (approval) ukubaii,
thins, usahihi; (confirmation) ka-
kika, kuthubutisha.

Ratify, v. tia tthint, sahihisha, tia
hakika, thubutisha.

Rating, n. kadiri ya kodi | ya ijara|.

Ratio, n. kadiri, ginsi ya kuwiana.

Ratiocination, n. kuloa hoja (| saba-
bu), kuhakiki kwa akili, kutumia
akili.

Ration, n. posho [ma-], chakula cha
killa siku, pauni. Give rations to,
Put on rations, poska.

Rationale, n. macleso, sababu, hoja,
shauri.

Rationalism, n. | kusema, “kufuata
akili sa binadamu, wala si tmani
ya Muungu, ndio salamu|.'

Rationalist, n. ashikaye Rational-

sm.

318

RAW.

Rationalistic, a. -¢ Rationalism.

Rationality, n. kuwa na akili, kult-
ngana na akili, akili.

Rationalize, v. (eleza kwa ginsi ya
akili za binadamu).

Ratlin, n. | kamba ndogo ya ngazi za
kupandia mlingote merikebuni).
Ratten, v. (nyang'anyia fundi uyo-

mbo vyake |.

Rattening,n. |kumnyanganyia fundi
vyombo|.

Rattle, v. alika-alika, lia (liza) ka-
ma kayamba; (of talk) sema hima-
hima, kimbiliza maneno; (of
motion) enda mbiombio.

n. vipande vya kualikia, ka-
yamba, kigoma, chapuo cha mtoto.
Rattlesnake, n. (nyoka ya sumu

kwa Amerika).

Ravage, v. fecha, haribu, kumba.

Ravager, n. mharabu, mwenyi ku-
teka. .

Ravages, n. mathara, uharibifu,
hatari, hasara. .

Rave, v. fanya (nena) kama mwe-
nyi wazimu, fanya kishetani, paya-
paya, payuka, -wa na pepo.

Ravel, v. (undo) fumua, tatanua,
(entangle) satantsha.

Raven, n. (ndege wa Ulaya kama
kunguru kubwa\.

[ fanya kama nyama wa mwi-
tu), toa ukali Tudafi, uharabu |).
Ravenous, a. -enyi njaa kuu, -a

kula yo yote, -laji.

Ravine, n. bonde | ma-), shimo (ma-1,
genge[ma-\, ,

a. -enyi wastmo. Raving
madness, shetani, mahoka, pepo.
Ravish, v. chukua (mwanamke | kwa
nguut,tendea jeuri, bikirs; (charm)
shinda moyo (akili) kwa furaha

kuu, shangaza mno.

Ravishment, n. kuchukua kwa ngu-
vu ; furaha kuu ya kushinda moyo.

Raw, a. -bichi ; (bare) -tupu, wasi;
(weather) baridi ; (inexperienc d)
-finga, -2uau. Raw material, | vet
vyenyi hali ya asili visivyofanyiswa
na fundi bado), Raw recruit, ast-
kari mjinga.

—— Y.

RAW-BONED

Raw-boned, a. (animal) gofu Za
nyama, mafupa wast.

Rawness, n. kuwa, Raw, ubichi,
ujinga, UZUSU.

Ray, n. mwanga, mwangasa, ki-
anga, (kama kishale cha nuru];
(point) ncha, pembe.

Raze, v. angusha, bomosha, haribu
kabisa.

Razor, n. wembe (ny-|.

Rasgor-strop, n. kinoo cha wembe.

Reach, v. fika, fikia, pata, patia,
enea hatta; (extend) nyosha mko-
no, toa mkono; (hand, pass) Zoa
efa) kwa kunyosha mkono; (at-
tain) fata; (make effort) jiza-
hidi. Reach up, nyanyua mkono,
inua, chuchumia.

— n. kunyosha mkono; (extent)
enco; (capacity) #wezo,nguvu, aki-
/t; (open space) makali wazi,

peupe.

React, v. | tendewa na tendea nguvu),
rudisha hali, geuzana, rejeana.

Reaction, n. uvejeo, kurudia hali ya
kwanza; (mutual) Augeuzana.

Reactionary, a. -a Reaction, [-a
kutaka rudia hali ya kwansa;
(revolutionary) -a kufaka maasi).

Read, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Read) soma,
soma wazi, soma kilabu, taalz ; (un-
derstand) fahamu, tambua ; (be in
writing) onekana | kwa kusomwa ao
katika kitabu). it will read well,
ikiandikwa itapendeza,

—— a. -enyi elimu, -enyi kusoma.
Well read, Widely read, Deeply
read, -/tosoma sana, mwana Vyuo.

Readable, a. -/amu kwa husoma, -a
kupendeza, -a kusomeka.

Reader, n. (mwenyi kusoma vitabu
msomaji |wa-), mwenyi kasi ya
kusoma kanisani; (lesson-book)
kilabu cha kujifunzia kusoma).

Readily, adv. marra moja upesi,
rahisi.

Readiness, n. wepesi, welekevu ;
(preparedness) kuwa tayari. Be in
readiness, -wa fayari.

Reading, n. kusoma vitabu ; (style
of) ginsi ya kusoma; (in public)

319

REALTY

kusoma wazi mbele ya watu ; (text)
maneno yenyewe ya kilabuni.

Reading, a. -4 kusoma sana, -a ku-
taalt.

Reading-book, n. kitabu cha kuji-
Junsia kusoma.

Reading-room, n. chumba cha kuso-
mea, chumba cha vitabu.

Readjust, v. tengenezsa tena, linga-
nisha marra ya pili.

Readmit, v. karibisha tena, ingiza
marra ya pili.

Ready, a. fayari ; (quick) -fest, -lekc-
vu; (easy) rahisi ; (athand)£arzdu.
Ready money, fetha mkononi,
taslimu, nakudi, Ready market,
tamaa tele. Make ready, andaa,
satiti, weka tayari.

Ready-made, a. [(-Hokwisha fanyi-
zwa layart), tayari.

Reagent, n. | kifu chenyi kugeuza ao
kujaribia kitu mwenzake |.

Real, a. -4 hakika, -a kweli, halisi,
sahihi, -a asili, -liopo. Real
property, (mali ststzochukulika,
Be manana yamawe,
&c. ].

Realism, n, (kusema, ‘Hatta vistvyo-
onekana, yawazikana tu (haki, we-
kundu, raha, &c.) ni vitu, ni vye-
nyi hakika, st mawazo tu ;' ao ku-
sema, “Vitu tuvionavyo, ndivyo
hakika vilivyo navyo”).

Realist, n. asiikaye Realism.

Realistic, a. -2 Realism.

Reality, n. aktka, &c. ( Tas. Real).

Realizable, a. -a kumalisikana, -a
kupatikana, -a kufanyikana, -a
kusadikiwa, &c. (Tas. Realise).

Realisation, n. Lumalizsa, &c. ( Taz.
Realize).

Realise, v. (execute) maliza, limiliza,
fkiliza; (get) pata; (produce) fa-
nya, fanyisa; (grasp) -ona kuwa
kweli, sadiki, amins, fahamu mo-
yont; (property) uza kwa fetha.

Really, adv. kweli, hakika, haswa,
kabisa,

Realm, n. milki, ufalme, inchi;
(matters) mambo; (class) aina.

Realty,n. | mali isiyochukulika, nyu-

REAM

mba ya mawe, shamba, &c., st ka-
ma fetha, nguo, pambo la nyumba).

Ream, n. | fungu la karatasi, karasa
480

Bdanimato, v. kuisha, fufua; (ral-
ly) amsha, tia moyonanguou. .

Reap, v. vuna, chuma; (obtain)
pata, pewa.

Reaper, n. mvunaji [wa-], mvuni.

Reappear, v. onckana tena, tokea
marra ya pili; (on further side)
tumbusa,

Reappearance, n. matokeo ya pili,
kurudi, kuonekana tena.

Reappoint, v. = Appoint marra ya
pili (tena).

Reappointment,n. = Appointment
ya marra ya pili.

Rear, n. upande wa nyuma,kinyume.
Bring up the rear, fuatana wa
mwasho,

—— a. -a nyuma, -a mwisho. Rear
guard, asikari wa nyuma, walinzi
wa nyuma.

—— v. simamisha, simikisha, inua,
pandisha; (build, construct) jenga,
fanyiza ; ‘(bring up a child) Za;
(animals) fuga, lisha, chunga;
(plants) panda, otesha; (of horse)
simama |kwa miguu miwilt ya
nyuma).

Rearing,n. kusimama,kusimamisha,
Sc. (7as. Rear, v.); (training)
malezi; (of animals) mfugo, kuchu-
nga, kulisha.

Rearrange, v. gtusa taratibu, tu-
ngua, pangilia.

Rearrangement, n. magtusi, mada-
raka mapya.

Rearward, adv. kwa nyuma, ki-

nyume.

Reason, n. (intellect) 24:/7; (ground,
motive) sababu; (sense) maana ;
(truth) kweli; (fairness) haki;
(right) adi/:; (reasoning) kutumia
akili,hoja. By reason of, kwa sababu
. ya, kwa ajili ya, kwa maana ya.

—— v. (argue) hojtana, jadiliana,
toa sababu (hoja); (use intellect)
tumia akili, fikiri, waza. Reason
with, os.

820

RECAPITULATE

Reasonable, a. -a akili, -suri, -pole,
-a haki, -a kweli.
Reasoner, n. mtoa hoja, mleta saba-

Reasoning, n. (argument) hoja, ku-
hojtana, majadiliano; (intellectual
process) kutumia akili, kufikiri,
fikara, mawazo.

Reassemble, v. kusanya [kutans-
sha) marra ya pili; (neut.) kutans-
ka |kusanyika | tena.

Reassert, v. sema marra ya pili.
Reassure, v. rudishia moyo, ondolea
mashaka, tumaintsha, -pa moyo.
Robaptism, n. Baptism marra ya

pili.

Renaptise, v. Baptize marra ya
pili.

Rebatement, n. ufunguo, kukata.

Rebel, v. asi, katifu:

n. mwasi | wa- |).

Rebellion, n. maasi,

Rebellious, a. -asz, -kaidi, halifu.

Rebind, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Rebound)
tia jelada marra ya pili, jelidt
tena.

Rebound, v. rudi nyuma, rudishwa
nyuma, ruka tena.

Rebuff, v. jibta vikali, vunjia ma-
neno, suilia maneno, kataa.

—— n. jibu kali, kanyo, kikanyo.
Give a rebuff to, vunja sso.

Rebuild, v. (p. t. #a pf. t. Rebuilt)
jenga tena, fanyiza marra ya pili.

Rebuke, v. laumu, onya; (check)
suia, nyamasisha,

— n. laumu, onyo, neno kali, ma-
gombest.

Rebut, v. sana, kanya, kataa, onya
UWONGO, 3 neno.

Recaloitrant, a. -kaidi.

Recall, v, z/a tena, rudisha, amuru
kurudi ; ; (an order) tangua [amt
ya kwanza|; trenreen unsay) gess-
sa, rudisha; (remember) fahamu,
kumbuka, fufua, kumbusha.

Recant, v. jtkania maneno ya kwa-
naa, geuza (rudisha |) maneno, tubu.

Recantation, n. kujikania maneno
ya kwanza, toba.

Reoapitulate, v. sumulia marra ya

RECAPITULATION 821

RECKON

pili, eleza kwa maneno machache, | Recess, n. mahali pa ndani, pembe,

jumlisha.

Recapitulation, n. kujumlisha ha-
bari, muhtasari.

Recapture, v. ‘waa marra ya pili,
kamata tena.

—— nn. kutwaa | kutwaliwa) marra
ya pili, Sc.

Recast, v.(p. t. na pf. t. Recast),
(metal, &c.) mimina katika katibu
marra ya pili, subu tena; (alter)
Janyiza wingine; (an account)
hesabu tena.

Recede, v. enda nyuma, rudi; (of
water) -#wa. Recede from, acha,
ondokea,

Receipt, n. kupokea, kulelewa ; (for
money) att, stakabalhi, wasili;
(income) mapato, uchumi, wasili ;
(prescription) kat: ya tabibu, hati
ya dawa; (for cookery) zaarifu,
habari. —

rt.
— v. sahthisha | hati ya fetha).
Receive, v. pokea, letewa, karibisha,
kubali; (get) pata, pewa, liwa;
(feel) ona; (contain) weka.
Receiver, n. (mwenyi kupokea, &c. ;
chombo cha kuwekea vitu).
Recension, n. kusahihisha kitabu ;
kitabu kilichosahihishwa.
Recent, a. -pya, -a siku hisi, -a
karibu.
Recently, adv. siku hist, karibu, si
zamani, juzi , JUSIJUSI.
Receptacle, n. (chombo, chumba,
mahali, &c., pa kuwekea vitu,
kama mfuko, kikapo, kasha, cho-
mbo, chumba, ghala, &c.}.
Reception, n. kupokea, kukaribisha,
kukubali, kuletewa ; (of guests, &c.)
baraza, karamu, mkutano, kuka-
ribisha, kusalimu; (acceptance) )
ukubali. Holda reception, darész.
He had a warm reception, alipo-
kewa kwa furaha, alishangiliwa.
Receptive, a. -a kupokea, -a kuweka,
-@ kufahamu; (of the mind)
-sthist, epesi, -fahamifu, -a kutaka
maarifa.
Beceptivity, n. kuwa Receptive,
usikizi, wepesi, ufahamifu,

Reckon, v. #esabu, ¢

tundu; (ina wall) skubaka | ma-),
kidaka [vi-|; (holiday) siku za
kucheza, wakati wa kulikizwa,
kuachiwa kazi; (withdrawal) kuru-
di nyuma, kujitenga, kupunguka ;
(of tides) kupwa.

Recherché, a. -24ri sana,-a mlindo,
-teule, haba.

Recipe, n. (cheti cha dawa, taarifu
ya kufanyiza dawa ao kupika

vyakula ).
Recipient, n. mwenyi kupokea
(kulelewa, kupewa).

Reciprocal, a. -a kubadili ,-a kulipa,
-a kupana, -a kurudisha, -a wao
kwa wao, -a -enyewe kwa -enyewe ;
(in comp.) -ana. Reciprocal
affection, upendano. Reciprocal
action, Autfendana sawa sawa,

Reciprocally, adv. kwa ginsi ya
kutendana ( Tas. Reciprocal). .

Reciprocate, v. pana, tendana, onea-
na, badili ; (return) lipa, rudisha.

Reciprocation, n. kubadili, &c.

Reciprocity, n. Autendana sawa
sawa, usharika,

Recital, n. kunena, kusoma, kusi-
mulia; (narrative) habart, kisa;
[mtu mmoja kusoma kuimba, .ao
kupiga ngoma, illi kufurahisha
wenzake).

Recitation, n. kusema, kusoma, Scc.
(7as. Recite).

Recitative, n. (maneno ya ginsi ya
Recitation|).

Becite, v. sema, nena, soma; (repeat
by heart) kumbuka, sema kimoyo
[Awa moyo); (narrate) simulia,
nena, toa habari ya; (publicly)
soma mbele ya watu.

Reck, v. angalia, Jthathars, ogopa.

Reckless, a. jahilt, -jasiri, -a kuji-
hatirisha burre, -kavu wa macho,
billa hathari, -potofu. A reckless
fellow, min wa kujtendea.

Recklessly, adv. b:/la hathars, kwa
mjinga, burre, Ovyo.

Recklessness, n. kuwa Reckless,
upotofu, upumbafu ujahili.

rs (class)

Y

RECKONING

-tia, weka. Reckon on, amini,

sadiki, tegemea ; (expect) sasamtia.

Reckoning, n. hesabu, idadi, ma-

lipo; (of ship) [Aesabu ya mwendo,

mdjira|. Be out of reckoning,
é

potea.

Reclaim, v. rudisha; (tame) fuga;
(civilize) ongoza, adilisha, geuza
kuwa -ema |-ngwana), staara-
bisha; (cultivate) fanya mashamba,

yeka

fyeka.

Reolaimable, a. -a kurudika, -a
kuongoka.

Reclamation, n. kurudisha, Sc.
(Zaz. Reclaim).

Recline, v. inama, lala; (lean on)
egemea; (lie at ease) /andawaa,

Jinyosha.
Recluse, n. mfa'wa, mtu wa pekee,
ajttengaye na ulimwengu.
Recognition, n. kulambua, ufa-

hamu; (acknowledgement) mwa-
ngamo; (gratitude) ushukuru.

Recognizable, a. -a kutambulikana.

Recognisance, n. sama Recogni-

' tion; (engagement) sharts, ahadi.

Recognise, v. tambua, fahamu, jua,
baini; (acknowledge) ungama,
kiri, kubali ; (show gratitude for)
shukuria, lipa.

Recoil, v., rudi nyuma; (shrink
from) epuka, kimbia, shtuka.

—— n. kurudi nyuma, mshtuko.

Recollect, v. kumbuka. fahamu ;
(oneself) jirudia; (collect again)
kusanya lena | marra ya pili |.

Recollected, a. -a fikara, -tulivu,
-2 kiasi.

Recollection, n. ukumbuko, ufa-
hamu; (thing recollected) jambo
lililokumbukwa, jambo lililopita.
Within my recollection, katika
zamani sangu | maisha yangu |.

Recommence, v. ansa tena, anzisha
marra ya pili.

‘Recommencement, n. mtwanso wa

| pili, kuanza tena.

Recommend, v. sifu, pendekesa ;
(commit) weka.

Recommendable, a. -a sifa njema,
“CMB, GMI.

322

RECOVERABLE

Recommendation, n. sifa njema,
kupendekeza ; (charge) maagtzo.
Recommendatory, a. -a kusifu, -a

kupendekeza.

Recompense, v. /ipa, jazt, tusa, -pa
zawadi.

—— n. malipo, ijara, tuso, jase,
thawabu, zawadi, }, wokozi,
ukombozi (Tas. Reward).

Reconcilable, a, -a kupatana, sa-
wa.

Reconcile, v. patanisha, selehisha,
rithisha, tuliza, tengenesa, ondoa
tofauti, fanya sawa, sawasisha.

Reconciliation, n. kuse/chisha,
kufanya amani, kufanya sawa;
(harmony, concord) mapatano,
urathi, urafiki, amani.

Recondite, a. -a siri, -a fumbo,
-gumu, -siotambulikana.

Reconnaissance, n. upelelezi.

Reconnoitre, v. feleleza, chungulia,
kwenda kutazama inchi ya adui.

Reconsider, v. fikiri tena, rudia,
singatta.

Reconsideration, n. kufikiri | kuji-
kirika) marra ya pili, usingatifu,
kurudia.

Reconstruct, v. jenga tena, fanyisa
marra ya pili, geuza.

Reconstruction,n. kujenga tena, &e.

Record, n. kabari | silisoandikwa)|,
tarths; (memorial) kumbukumbu ;
(best of its kind) kipeo. Beat
(break, cut) the record, shinda
ote pia, pitilia mbali.

andika habari ya, andika,

Recorder, n. mwandishi, katibu.

Recount, v. sumulia, eleza, hubiri;
(count again) #esabu marra ya pili.

Recoup, v. /ipa.

Recourse, n. Have recourse to,
kimbilia, taka msaada wa, tumia,
Jaribia, rejea.

Recover, v. jipatia tena, jirudishia,
pata tena |tliyopotea |) ; (get well)
pona, pata nafuu; (get one’s due)
pata (iliyo haki, kama deni);
(cover again) funika tena.

Recoverable, a. -a kurudika
kupatikana tena.

——— YF,

»

RECOVERY

Recovery, n. kujipatia tena ; (cure)
kupona.

Recreant, a. kafiri (mar), -wongo,
-0ga, -nyonge.

Recreate, v. umba tena, fanyiza
marra ya pili,

Recreation, n. mchezo, maburudisho,
mazungumzo, maongezi, furaha,
tafaruji.

Recreative, a. -4 mchezo, -a kutia
afya, -a kuburudisha.

Recriminate, v. gomba, gombana,
lipa, rudisha maneno makali.

Recrimination, n. kugomba, &c,
(Zaz, Recriminate).

Recriminative, a. -a kugomba, &c.

Recruit, v. (changa asikari wapya |;
(repair) ta (rudisha) nguvu;
(rest) pumzika, pala afya, pata
nguvu, punga hewa.

—— n. asikari mjinga.

Recruiting, n. [Autafuta watu kuwa
asikari, kuchanga asikari).

Rectangle, n. (sanamu yenyi pande
"ane na pembe zote za madai.

Rectangular, a. kama Rectangle,
enyi pembe zake za mraba.

Rectification, n. kufengeneza.

Rectified, a. -/tosafika sana, liotenge-
nezwa.

Reotify, v. tengeneza, sahihisha.

Rectilineal, a. [-enyi mistari yote ya
kunyoka sawasawa|.

Rectitude, n. adili, wema, utu
mwema, haki, unyofu, amini.

Rector, n. | kasisi wa Parish, kama
imamu |,

Rectorial, a. -a Rector.

Rectory, n. nyumba ya Rector.

Recumbent, a. -a kulala, -liolala.

Recuperative, a. -a kutia afya, -a
kuponya.

Recur, v. -wa |-ja, fanyika) marra
ya pili |marra kwa marra); (have
recourse to) rejea kwa, kimbilia ;
(come to mind) rudia moyoni.

Recurrence, n. kuwa marra ya pili
(marra kwa marra).

Recurrent, a: -eny: Recurrence,

. avipinds, -a kurudiruds,

Recusant, a. -kaidi, -asi.

323

REDUCE
Red, a. -ekhundu. (Dull) red dye,
hina. Red Sea, Bahari ya Sham.

Red-tape, (causeless delay) mzasuizo
ya burre,

—— n, rangi nyekundu, wekundu.

Redan, n. ngome.

Redbreast, n. (ndege mdogo Ulaya).

Redden, v. zia wekundu; (blush)
geuka [sso] kwa haya.

Reddish, a. -ckundu kidogo.

Redeem, v. komboa, fidi, lipia;
(perform) fikiliza (ahadi); (re-
cover) jipatia tena, fanyiza.

Redeemer, n. mkombozi, fidia.

Redeliver, v. okoa marra ya pili,
salimisha tena, toa tena.

Redelivery, n. wokovu wa pili, Sc.

Redemption, n. ukombozi, fidia.

BRedemptive, a. -a kukomboa.

Red-handed,.a. katika jambo lenye-
we, palepale.

Red-hot, a. -enyt moto sana [hata
kuwa -ckundu |.

Redintegration, n. kufanyizwa, kur.
pona, kupata uzima.

Rediscover, v. vumbua marra ya
pili.

Rediscovery, n. kuvumbua |kuvu-
mbulika | marra ya pili.

Red-letter day, n. siku kuu.

Redness, n. wekundu.

Redolenco, n. kunukia, arufu nzuri,

Redolent, a. -a kunukia.

Redouble, v. ongeza, zidisha.

Redoubt, n. ngome ndogo.

Redoubtable, a. hodart, mashuhuri,
sherifu, -enyi jina.

Redound, v. rudi; (issue, result) -fa,
toka, tokea. It redounds to his
credit, zxamletea heshima.

Redress, v. eugeneza, lipia haki, okoa,

—— n. msaada, malipo ya haki, wo-
kovu, kisasi,

Red-tape, n. amri nyingi, mMmazuio
ya burre, matengenezo ya burre,
utaratibu kwa mno.

Red-tapism, n, kuwa na Red-tape,

Red-tapist, n. apendaye Red-tape.

Reduce, v. (lessen) punyusa, shusha,
kata; (subdue) piga, trisha, vunja;
(change) geuza hali (kwa kuponda,

Ya

REDUCED

kusaga, kushindtka, &c.|; (in
arithm.) geuza hesabu; (arrange)
andika, panga, gawanya. The
matter reduces itself to this, Jambo
lenyewe limekuwa hivi, basst mwi-
sho ni hivi.

Reduced, a. -nyonge, maskini.

Reducible, a. -2 kupunguzwa, &c.

Reduction, n. kupunguka [hupu-
nguza|, &c. (Taz. Reduce).

Redundance, n. kuwa nyingi MNO,
wingi, kuzidi.

Redundant, a. -a kuzidi, -ingi mno.

Reduplication, n. kufia (kutiwa)
marra mbili | marudufu).

Re-echo, v. rudisha sauti, lialta, toa
wangwi.

Reed, n. unyasi (nyasi); (pipe) fls-
mbi.

Reedy, a. -a nyasi nyingi.

Reef, n. miamba, vipwa, kisingili
jee] ; (in sail) (sehemu ya tanga).

ake in a reef, funguza tanga.

—— v. (of a sail) punguza, kunja,
tua kidogo.

Reek, v. suka, toa mvuke (moshi).

——n, mvuke, uvundu, moshi.

Reel, n. (kijiti cha kulilia ust);
(dance) (ngoma ya Scotland];
(stagger) <ulevyalevya, ulevi.
Wind on reel, tatiza kijifini.

—— v. levyalevya, sitasita, pepesuka.

Re-elect, v. chagua marra ya pili.

Re-election, n. kuchagua [kucha-
zuliwa) marra ya pili.

Re-embark, v. panda | pakia) cho-
mboni marra ya pili.

Re-enact, v. amuru marra ya pili.

Be-enactment, n. kuamuru | kua-
muriwa| marra ya pili.

Re-enter, v. ingia marra ya pili.

Re-entry, n. kuingia marra ya pili.

Re-establish, n. Establish mara
ya pili.

Re-establishment, n. kuwekwa | ku-
weka) marra ya pili.

Re-examination, n. kuangulia mar-
ya ya pili.

Re-examine, v. Bxamine marra ya

IA
Refection, n. chakula.

324

REFLEOTOR

Refectory, n. nyumba ya kula,

- pakulia,

Refer to, v. (send back) pelekea, re-
jezea; (assign) hesabia, wekea;
(have recourse to) rejea kwa, ki-
mbilia, tumia; (mention) ena,
taja; (have reference) kuzika na

(kwa). This word refers only to
persons, #eno hili lakustkha na
watu fu.

Referable to, a. -a kurejeza kwa,
-a kuelezwa kwa, kwa sababu ya.

Referee, n. mwamuzi | wa-|.

Reference, n. kumbukumbu, mare-
Jeo, maregeo; (mention) hadart;
(meaning) maana; (witness) sia-
hidi; (quotation) (maneno fullani
ya kitabuni). In reference to, kwa
habari ya, kwa mambo ya. What
is the reference? neno hili lime-
tokapt? kumbukumbu la nini?
laregea wapi?

Refine, v. fakasa, safisha, fanya safi ;
(civilize) adilisha, adihisha, fanya
-ngwana, ondolea ushensi, staara-
bisha.

Refinement, n. ustaarabu, ungwana,
adabu, madaha; (purification) 4-
wa safi, utakaso, uhalisi.

Refinery, n. (sugar) kinu [cha ku-
fanzsia sukari).

Refining, n. kufanya | kufanyika |
saft (Tas. Refine).

Refit, v. tengeneza tena, pamba marra
ya pile.

——n.matengenezo[ mapambo|mapya.

Reflect, v. rudisha [nuru, moto,
mfano, &c.|; (consider) fikiri, wa-
sa. Reflect upon, (disparage) shx-
tumu, umbua, singisia, sengenya.

Reflecting, a. -4 kurudisha (nuru,
moto, &c.]; (thoughtful) -a fikara
nyingi.

Refleotion, ti. (of light, &c.) kuru-
di, kurudisha; (thoughts) Zikara,
mawaso; (censure) masingisio,
mashutumu; (likeness) mfano, me-
thals.

Reflective, a. «4 Reflection.

Reflector, n. kioo (cha kurudisha
nuru, &c. |.

REFLEX

Reflex, a. -a kurudi, -a kurudika;
(introspective) -a kujiangalia nafsi;
(involuntary) |-/tofendeka na mwili
pasipo akili, -a kujienda|.

n. mfano [mi-|, methali; (re-
flection) #uru iliyorudika.

Reflexive, a. -a kupindika nyuma;
-a kukumbuka mambo | ya zamani).
Reflexive form (in grammar), [Verb
lenyi -ji- ndani yake|.

Refluent, a. -2 kupwa, -a kurudi.

Reflux, n. kupwa, kurudi.

Reform, v. lengeneza, fanyisa, ongo-
za, geuza kuwa -ema, rudi, ondolea

. makosa, adilisha.

—— n. matengeneo, &c.

Reformation, n. Autengeneza, S&C.
(Tas. Reform). The Reforma-
tion, (matengenezo ya Kanisa, A.D.

- 1530-1680.

Reformatory, n. | nyumba ya kuadi-
bisha na kuongoza watoto wabaya|.

Reformed, a. -/otengenezwa, -/so-
ongoka, -lokuwa -ema.

Reformer, n. miengenezaji [wa-],
mwongozi, mkufunzi.

Refract, v. ecuzia njia, pinda, vunja,

Refraction, n. | kugeuzwa njia, ku-
pinda, kupindika |.

Refractive, a. -a Refraction.

Refractoriness, n. «#hazds, SC.

Refractory, a. -koidt, -shupavu,
-potos, -bisht; (hard) -gumu.

Refrain,v. 2a; (neut.) /7suta, epuka.

—— n. (nussu ya uimbo yenyi ku-
imbwa marra kwa marra), kittiko,
kipokeo.

Refrangibility, n. kupindikana.

Refrangible, a. -#ofpindikana, -lio-
geukana,

Refresh, v. burudisha, fariji, amsha,
ba moyo, -pa nguvu.

Refreshing, a.--a baridi, -a kubu-
rudisha, Sc.

Refreshment, n. kuburudika, kilu
cha kuburudisha, chakula, &c.

Refrigerate, v. 4a baridi.

Refrigerator, n. (chombo cha kufa-
nyia baridi).

Refrigeratory, Refrigerant, a. -a
kulia baridi.

325

REGENT

Refuge, n. kimbilio, mahali pa sa-
lamu, pakukimbilia.

Refugee, n. mkimbizi, mioro (wa- |.

Refulgence, n. kung'aa, mwangaza.

Refulgent, a. -a kung'aa.

Refund, v. /#fa, rudisha.

Refusal, n. makatazo, kanyo; (right
to purchase) ruhusa ya kununua.
Have the refusal of, weza kununua
kwanza, weza kutwaa ao kukataa.

Refuse, v. kafaa; (withhold) kaza-
lia, nyima, kania, hini,

n. fakataka, matakato,

a. -baya, hafifu, -siofaa neno.

Refutation, n. kuonya uwongo, jibu.

Refute, v. onya Uwongo wa, vunja,
pindua, jibia. .

Regain, v. pata tena, fikia marra ya
pili. -

Regal, a. -a kifaume. |

Regale, v. karibisha vizuri, lisha,
furahisha, pendeza. .

Regalia, n. (mapambo ya mfalme,
kilemba, fimbo, Sc. ).

Regard, v. (attend to) angalia;
(honour) keshimu, jali; (concern)
pasa; (consider) kumbuka, thani,
ona. Regard as, tia katika, ona
sawana.

—— n, (notice) kuangalia, sifa; (es-
teem) keshima; (allection) pendo,
mahabba. Kind regards, salamu
sana. Give my regards to, #nisa-
limie. As regards, In (with) re-

_ gard to, Awa khabari ya, kwa
mambo ya, juu ya, min tarafu

ya.

Regardless (of), a. -sipofikiri, -sipo-
kumbuka, pasipo kuangalia, pasipo
hathari (ya).

Regatta, n. mashindano | ya vyombo
vidogo na mashua).

Regeney, n. ufawala wa Regent.

Regenerate, v. (recreate)| zaa marra
ya pili ndio rohoni, tia uzima
mpya); (reform) ongoza, rudi.

Regeneration, n. uzazi ua pili;
(teform) wongofu, kuongoza.

Regenerative, a.-4 Regeneration.

Regent, n. [mtawala wa muda ki-
tambo, badala ya mfalme).

REGICIDAL

Regicidal, a. -a Regicide, -a kutaka
kumua mfalme.

Regicide, n. (person) mwuaji wa
mfalme; (act) mauaji ya mfalme.

Régime, n. utaratibu, desturi, ka-
waida, kanuni, sheria.

Regimen, n. sama Régime.

Regiment, n. kundi la asikari, ki-
kosi.

Regimental,a.-4 Regiment. Regi-
mentals, mavao ya asikari. :

Region, n. inchi, upande; (sphere,
subject) mambo, habari.

Register, v. andika katika kitabu.

——n. fariki, kitabu, hesabu, daftari.

Registrar, n. [(mwandssht wa ma-
mbo).

Registration, n. [Auandika kita-
buni).

‘Registry, n. nyumba ya Registrar;

= Register, Registration.

Regnant, a. -enyi kutawala.

Regress, Regression, n. kurudi,
kuendelea nyuma.

Regressive, a. -4 Regress.

Regret, n. majuto, toba.

— v. juta, jutia, tubia, ona
(ingiwa, shikwa na) majuto ya.

Regretful, a. -a kufuta.

Regrettable, a. -2 kujutika.

Regular, a. -2 kawaida, taratibu,
sawasawa; (moral) -a ast, -a
adili. <A regular thief, mwizi
halisi.

—— n. asikari wa jeshi; = Monk.

Regularity, n. kawaida, kiasi, uta-

_ vatibu,

Regulate, v. stmamia, amuru, te-
ngenesa, tawala, ratibu.

Regulation, n. kusimamia, &c.;
(order) amri, madaraka, sharti
(ma-), maagizo.
Regulative, a. -a kusimamia,-a kua-
muru, -a kutawala, -a kuongoza.
Regulator, n. (mfu, kitu) -enyi
kuweza, -enyi nguvu ya kuzuia
{ya kufawala|.

Rehearsal, n. ukariri, &c. (Taz.
Rehearse).

Rehearse, v. (repeat) nena marra
ya pilt, kariri ; (recount) sumulia,

326

RELATE

nena, soma; (practise) jifunza ta,
yari, stsomesha.

Reign, n. enst, est, mamlaka, uta-
wala; (period of rule) wakali wa
kumiliki; (dominance) swweso,
nguvu.

— v. miliki, tawala;
shinda, enea pote.

Reimburse, v. ipa, rudisha.

Reimbursement, n. malipo, kulipa.

Rein, n. hatamu, ugwe, kigwe|vi- |;
(kidneys) mafiga. Give the reins
to, jitoa kwa, sé suia.

— v. suta kwa katamu, suta.

Reindeer, n. [Deer mkubwa katika
inchi baridi kaskazini).

Reinforce, v. /efa msaada, peleka
shime; (strengthen) #ia nguvu, ja
kusayidia.

Reinforcement, n. msaada, shime +
(military) asikari. waliowekwa
akiba

(prevail)

Reinstate, v. rudishia hali ya
kwanza.

Reinstatement, n. kurudishia [ku-
rudishiwa | kali ya kwanza.

Reinvest, v. Invest marra ya pili.

Reinvigorate, v. fia nguvu tena,
rudisha afya, -pa moyo tena.

Reissue, v. toa (toka) marra ya
pili,

Reiterate, v. sema marra ya pili,
nena marra kwa marra | marra
nyingi).

Reiteration, n. kusema marra ya
pili, &e.

Reject, v. kataa, kana, tupia mbali.

Rejection, n. kukataa, kanyo, kuka-
taltka.

Rejoice, v. furahisha; (neut.) furahs,
shangilia.

Rejoicing, n. furaha, shangwe.

Rejoin, v. Join marra ya pili;
(reply) jibu, itika.

Rejoinder, n. jibu [ma-].

Rekindle, v. washa marra ya pils.

Relapse, v. rudia hali mbaya | thai-
Ju, kama kwansa|.

n. kurudia hali mbaya, kuugua

Tena, rudiwa ugonjwa.
Relate, v. toa habari, simulia, hadi-

RELATED

tht, hubiri; (refer to) kuwa na
habari, rejea, fungamana na;
(have bearing on) wia, wiana na.

Related (Be), v. wza, wiana; (con-
nected) -wa mamoja [hali moja,
ginsi moja), lingana, fungumana ;

(by birth) -wa ndugu | jamaa| ya;
(narrated) kubiriwa, hadithiwa,
smuliwa.

Relation, n. (of kinship) ndugu,
jamaa, ufungu; (general) ginsz ya
kuwia | kuwiana), hali | ya watu
ao vitu, vyenyewe kwa vyenyewe),
kuwia, kuwiana ; (reference) ure-
jeo; (condition, position) kazi.
In relation to, kuliko.

Relationship, n. (kinship) ufungu,
ukoo, udugu; (general) = Rela-
tion.

Relative, n. ndugu, jamaa, ufungu.
Relative pronoun, [meno Jlenyt
kurejea Noun kama -o, -lo, -z0,
8.4.

a. (having reference to) -eny2
habari | ya kitu kingine), -a ku-
wtana | na kitu kingine); (notabso-
lute) -a kadiri (wala si halisi),
enyi masharti.

Relativity, n. (kuwa kadiri, kuwa
kadiri ya binadamu, si kamili).
Relax, v. (weaken) /egeza, thoofsha,
punguza ; (relieve) pumzisha, bu-
rudisha; (of bowels) endesha choo,
fungua. Relax (rest) the limbs,

achantsha viungo, jinyosha,

Relaxation, n. kulegea, ulegefu, &c.;
(diversion) pumsziko, mchezo, bu-
rudisho.

Relay, n. [watu, frasi, vyombo, &c.,
vimewekwa tayart kupokezana kazi
kwa zamu). Do by relays, poke-
zana kazi. Arrange relays, amuru
zamu zamu, weka akiba. Relays of
horses, frasi na frasi.

v. Lay marra ya pili. j

Release, v. fungua, feleti, acha, weka
huru, ondoa.

——n. kufungua, kufunguliwa, &c.,
mafungulia.

Relegate, v. feleka, weka, ondoa,

Relegation, n. kupeleka, Sc.

327

REMAIN

Relent, v. ‘udu, juta, ona huruma,
Stkitika.

Relentless, a. pasi~o huruma, -kali,
-gumu, -kakamizt,

Relevancy,n. kufaa, kupasa, maands

Relevant, a. -a kufaa, -a kupasa.

Reliable, a. amint, -aminifu; -a ku-
sadikiwa, -a kutegemea, thabiti.

Reliance, v. amini, tumaini, kulea
gemea, kujelea.

Relic, n. mabaki, masalia, kumba
kumbu, makumbusho | ya mambo ya
zamani ao ya watakatifu wa kale|.

Reliot, n. mjane | wa- |).

Relief, n. msaada, shime, ondoleo la
huzuni |-a hali mbaya), faraja;

(taking turns) kubadili zamu, kupo-
kezanya kazi, badala ; (projection)
kutokeza.

Relieve, v. pumzisha, fariji, ondolea
huzuni | maumivu, taabu, &c.],
pungusa, tulisa; (assist) sayidia,
achia, pokelea kazi ; (enhance, add
effect to) pendekeza, pamba, onye-
Sha vizuri.

Relievo, n. [sanamu ya kutokeza).

Religion, n. dini, ibada, imani,
mambo ya Muungu, uta wa, dua.

Religious, a. -a dini, &c., -ta'wa
(Zaz. Religion).

Relinquish, v. acha, fungua, tupa,
weka; (go from) toka kafika, ondoka
na.

Relinguishment, n. kuacha, 8c.

Religuary,n. (sanduku ya kuwekea
Relics].

Relish, n. (taste) /ueththa, utamu;
seasoning) kifoweo; (pleasure)
uraha, kupendezwa sana, kupe-
nda sana. Give a relish to, fe-
ndekeza ; (food) kolea.

v. penda sana, pendezwa na.

Reluctance, n. kutotaka, kutokubali,
shidda, chuki, nguvu.

Reluctant, a. -enyz Reluctance.
He was reluctant to go, alikwenda
kwa shidda, hakutaka kwenda.

Rely on, v. amini, sadiki, tumainia,
tegemea, jetea, tumainia.

Remain, v. (be left) baki, salia;
(continue) shinda, ishi, dumu, kaa.

REMAINDER

Remainder, Remains,n. baki ate
msazo,masazo, mabakia, salta{ma-|;
(in any vessel, &c.) shinda (ma-],
kishinda. Remains,(corpse) mayzts.

Remand, v. rudisha, amuru kurudi.

Remark, v. (notice) angalia, ona;
(say) sema, nena.

—— 1. meno, maneno.

Remarkable, a. -a sifa, -a maana,
-aajabu, -pent,-kubwa,mashuhuri,

. 2 kuangaliwa,

n. kwa (kuolewa)
marra ya pili | tena|.

Remedial, a. -a kuponya.

Remedy, n. (medical) dawa, ma-
poza; (practical) shauri ya kutu-
liza, matengenezo, kuponya. Re-
medies for hunger, maponea ngaa.

— V. Zengeniza, ponya, poza,
ponyesha.

Remember, v. kumbuka, fahamu ;
(salute) -fa salamu. Please re-
member me to him, w#fafathali
umpe salamu yangu. unisalimte.

Remembrance, n. ukumbuko, ufa-
hamu; (memento) ukumbusho,
kumbukumbu.

Remembrancer, n. ukumbusho, ku-
mbukumbu.

Remind, v. kumbusha, fahamisha.

Reminder, n. ukumbusho.

Reminiscence, n. kukumbuka, ku-
Jahamu; (thing remembered)
jambo liltlokumbukwa, jambo la
samani|. Personal reminiscences,
kisa.

Remiss, a. -/egevu, -vivu, -swanga-
hia, -sembe.

Remission, n. (of sin) maghofra,
maondoleo, msamaha; (abatement)
upungufu,kunyamaza,kurahisisha.

Remit, v. samehe, achilia; (send
payment) elekea, lipa; (lessen)
punguza, legeza; (pay) rudisha,
salimisha, toa.

Remittal, n. kusamahe, &c. (Taz.
Remit).

Remittance, n. fetha, malipo, kupe-
leka fetha.

Remittent, a. -2 kusidi na kupu-
nguka, -a vipindi.

828

RENDERING

Remnant, n, 7as. Remainder.

Remodel, v. geuza umbo, geuza,
Janyisa tena, tengeneza.

Remonstrance, n. onyo |ma-|, hoja,
maneno ya kusuta, magombezi,
udaku

Remonstrate, v. onya, zuia kwa
maneno, gombesa, shauri vingine,
tarithia.

Remorse, n. majuto, huruma. Deep,
bitter remorse, majuto makuu.

Remorseful, a. -a kujuta.

Remorseless, a. pasipo kujuta, pa-
sipo huruma, -kali, -koroft.

Remorselessness. n. ukali mwingi.

Remote, a. -a mbali, -a zamani;
(original) -a asili; (insignificant)
kidogo.

Remould, v. kama Remodel

Remount, v. Mount marra ya pili.

Removable, a. -a kuondoka, -a ku-
chukulika.

Removal, n. kuondoa, kuchukua, ku-
toa; (migration) Auhama, kuondoka.

Remove, v. ondoa, ondosha, tenga,
weka mbali, farikisha; (migrate)
hama, ondoka.

—— n. kuhama; (promotion) kupa-
ta daraja (chuons|.

Remunerate, Vv. jasi, kusa, -pa ujira,
-pa zawadi.

Remuneration, n. /as0, /us0, ujira,
zawadi ( Tas. Recompense).

Remunerative, a. -a kula fayida,
-a kufayidia, -enyt uchumi.

Renaissance, n. |siku za kufufuka
elimu na maarifa, kama A.D. 1450—
1550, katika Ulaya).

Renal, a, -a mafiga.

Rename, v. fia jina marra ya pili,
geuza jina.

Renascent, a. -a kutokea marra ya
pili, -a kuchipuka tena.

Rencontre, Rencounter, n. mku-
tano; (fight) mapigano.

Rend, v. (p. t. sa pf. t. Rent) /atua,
pasua, rarua, vunja.

Render, v. toa, lipa, rudisha; (make)
fanya, geuza kuwa; (translate,
explain) fastri, onyesha, elesa.

Rendering, n. (translation) ufasiri,

RENDEZVOUS

. tafsivt; (representation) mafafa-
nust, elezo, onyesho.

Rendesvous, n. mahali pa kukuta-
nika, mahali palipoamriwa.

Renegade, n. mtoro (wa- |, mkimbizi
[wa-]}; (in religion) kafiri | ma-).

Renew, v. fanya -pya, tengeneza,
Sanyisa, fanya marra ya pili, Ha
nguvu, -pa Moy

Renewal, n. "kufanya (kufanyika |
tena, kufanyizwa marra ya pili.

Rennet, n. | kitu cha kugandamiza
masiwa).

Renounce, v. (refuse) kataa, kana;
(give up) acha, jinyima, ondokea.

Renouncement, n. kukataa, &c.

Renovate, v. fanyiza kama kwanza,
tengeneza, kuburudisha, tia afya.

Renovation, n. kufanyika tena,
kuburudika.

Renovator, n. | mfu ao kitu cha ku-
Sanya -pya, cha kuburudisha).

Renown, n. sifa, utukufu, jina,
fakhari.

Renowned, a. -enyi sifa, -tukufu,
mashuhuri.

Rent, n. kodi ya nyumba, upangaji ;
(t ) mraruo, mtatuo, mpasuo;
(fissure) ufa [ny-], kundu, shimo
[ma-]; (rupture) mvunjo, mte-
ngano.

—— v. (hold on rent) panga |nyu-
mba, &c.|; (grant on rent)
pangisha, kodisha.

—- p.t. wa pf. t. ya Rend.

Rent-roll, Rental, n. [Aesabu ao ju-
mia ya Rents, daftari ya Rents}.

Renunciation, n. makatao, kanyo;
(relinquishment) kujinyima, kua-

Renta, p. t. na pf. t. ya Repay.

Repair, v. (mend) /fanyisa tena,
tengeneza ; nake amends) lipa,
rudisha; (go) enda

— n. Matengenezo ; ; (state) Kazi.
In good repair, ima. In bad
repair, -

Repairer, n. mfengenezaji.

Reparation, n. malipo, matengenezo.

Repartee, n. jibu ( ma-).

Repast, n. chakula, karamu, kula.

829

“REPLETE

Repay, v. (p. t. #a pf. t. Repaid)

bipa, rudisha; (reward) jasi, kuza.

Repayment, n. malipo, malipizi.

Repeal, n. tangua, batilisha.

Repeat, v. (do again) fanya tena,
lenda marra ya pilt; (say again)
sema lena, kariri; (speak) sema,
soma, kariri; (say by heart) sema
kwa akili | moyo).

Repeatedly, adv. marra kwa marra,
marra nyingi, papo kwa papo.

Repeater, n. [(watch) saa ndogo
yenyi kulia; (gun) bunduki ya
kupiga marra kwa marra, ya
viast Vingi).

Repel, v. rudisha nyuma, fukuza, ©
zuia, sukuma mbali, kataa;
(displease) chukisa.

Repellent, a. -a kukatasa,-a kuchu-
kiza.

Repent, v. fubu, juta; (reform)
tulia, ongoka.

Repentance, n. toba, majuto; (re-
form) kuongoka, kutulia.

Repentant, a. -2 foba, -a kutubu.

Repercussion, n. | kurudi ao kurudi-
sha nuru ao sauti|, kupigapiga,
kulialia.

Repercussive, a. -2 Repercussion.

Repertory, n. hasina, kusanyiko,
jamii,

Repetition, n. kufanya | kufanyika,
kusema, kusoma, &c.| marra ya
pili (marra kwa marra, marra
nyings |: (saying by heart) kusema
kwa ls, kusema yaliyosomeka
kwanza, ukariri (Taz. Repeat).

Repine, v. -wa na uchungu |mfu-
ndo) rohoni, nung'unika, stkitska,
guna.

Replace, v. rudishia hali | makali),
rudisha |kitu fullant mahali pa
kingine); (take place of) ingia
mahali pa, -wa badala ya.

Replacement, n. kurudisha hali,
&c., kuingia mahali pa -ngine.
(Zaz. Replace).

Replenish, v. jasa tena.

Replenishment, n. kujaa [hujaza]
lena.

| Replete, a. -/ojaa, -enyi .. . tele.

RESIGN

_ gaso [ma-], salia [ma-]; (in a
vessel) shinda, kishinda.

Resign, v. toa, weka, acha, jiusulu.

Resignation, n. kujsiuzulu,kutoa, ku-
acha; (submission, acquiescence)
kushukuru Muungu, uvumilivu,
utulivu, kukata tamaa.

Resigned, a. -fulivu, -a kushukuru,
-a kukata tamaa, -vumilivu. He
is guite resigned, amekubali, ame-
shukuru, ameona ratht,

Resilience, n. | kuruka tena, kurudi
nyuma|..

Resilient, a. -eny:i Resilience.

Resin, n. (kama sandarusi nyeku-
ndu), ulimbo.

Resinous, a. kama Besin.

Resist, v. shindana na, simamia,
pingia njia, suta, kaidi, ass.

Resistance, n. ushindani, ukaidi,

nguvu ya kuzuia, ugumu, ubishi.

Resistleas, a. -siozuikana.

Resolute, a. thabiti, -shupavu, -gu-
mu, hodari, -a nguvu.

Resolution, n. kusudi, shauri, nia,
mradi, azimu ; (firmness) uthabiti,
ushupavu, moyo mgumu ; (decree)
hukumu, amrt; (breaking up)
mvunjo, mgawo. Make resolution
(esp. good, religious), #zta. Cause
(urge, teach) to form good resolu-
tions, #2222.

Resolve, v. asimu, waza, kusudia,
nia, kaza shauri, nuta.

n. azimu, &c. (= Resolu-
tion).

Resonance, n. kulialia, mlio.

Resonant, a. -4 Resonance.

Resort, v. enda marra kwa marra.
Resort to, kimbilia, rejea kwa,
tumia.

— n. (haunt) matembezi, makali
pa kutembelea; (help, resource)
msaada, tegemeo, kukimbilia farra-
thi.

Resound, v. Jalia, lia tena, vuma.

Resource, n. njia, nguvu, shauri,
mali. Resources, makimbilio,
msaada, machumo, mali, njia ya
kupata mali. A man of resource
(of many resources), mwelekevu,

832

RESPOND

mtu wa mashauri mengi. What
resource have we? Zufanyeje ?

Respect, n. heshima, kujali,ustahifu;
(reference, regard) mambo, habari,
kuangalia. Respects, salamu.
Send (pay) respects, sa4imu. In
respect of, Awa mambo ya, kwa
habari ya. In this respect, kwa
haya, hivi. In all respects, kwa
yote. In whatever respect, kwa vyo
vyote. With all respect to him,
awe rathi sama, anisamehe. Have
respect to, angalia, pendelea,
hurumia.

—- v. fali, heshimu, pendelea ;
(take into consideration), angalia,
kumbuka. ‘Treat with respect, he-
shimu, stahz.

Respectability, n. kwa Respect-
able.

Respectable, a. -a heshima, -zuri,
-stahski; (moderate) -a kadiri, -a
kutosha, si -nyonge.

Respecter, n. mwenyt kuangalia,
&c. (Zaz. Respect, v.).

Respectful, a. -stahifu, -a heshima,
-aadabu. Treat respectfully, Treat
with respect, wekea heshima.

Respecting, prep. sus ya, kwa ha-
bart ya, kwa mambo ya, kwa.

Respective, a. -a [ kifu ao miu fulla-
ni] peke yake, -moja -moja ; (rela-
tive) -a kadiri, si halisi. They
returned to their respective houses,
wakarudi killa mtu nyumbani
kwake. Their respective merits,
sifa zao mmoja mmoja.

Respiration, n. kupumua, kutana-
Susi.

Respire, v. vula pumusi, tanafusi,
pumua, pumustka.

Respite, n. kuachiwa, kuahirika;
(rest) nafasi, pumziko, raha, amani.

v. achia kitambo, pumsisha, -pa
nafasi.

Resplendence,n. mwangasa, fakhari.

Resplendent, a. -eny: Resplen-
dence.

Respond, v. jibu, itika; (resemble)
fanana; (accord, attract) “ngana,
vutana, pendana,

RESPONDENT 388

Respondent, n.(in alaw-suit) msiaki-
-wa, mwenyi kuletwa hukumuni.

a. -a kulingana, -a kujibia.

Response, n. jibu, kulingana.

Responsibility, n. kazt, shughuli,
wasimamizi. Undertake responsi-
bility of, Make oneself responsible
for, diriki, tadiriki.

Responsible, a a. -enyi kutiwa kazi,
enyi kuagizwa (kuaminishwa |
shughuli, -enyi kusimamia, -enyi

'kutadariki; (trustworthy) amini,
ema; (onerous) -kubwa. Be re-
. sponsible for, pastwa, agtstwa.
He is responsible, #t juu yake, ni
daraka yake. A responsible office,
kasi kubwa. You are responsible,
juu yako, kast yako. Make one-
self responsible, diriki, tadarzkt.

Responsive, a. -a kulingana, -a ku-
vutana, -a kupendana.

Rest, n. raha, pumziko, eestnegtss ;

(resting-place, pause) kikomo, ki- |

240; (prop) kifegemeo, mhimili

mi-), nguzo; (remainder) baki
ma-), salia [ma- -], sazo [ma-},
shinda [ma-], mwisho; (in music)
kimya. The rest, All the rest, The
rest of them, wangine wote, wenzio
wote, zingine zole [-ngine -ote}.
For the rest, mwisho.

—— V, pumsika, lala, starehe, tulia,
kaa; (acquiesce) -wa rath ; (stop)
isha; (be supported) fegemea, ege-
mea; (cause to rest) pumzisha,
sterchesha, tegemeza. Itrests with
him, ni jus yake, tkhtiari yake.

Restaurant, n. duka | ma-) la kulia,
mkahawani.

Resting-place, n. Bumzikio [ma-],
kituo |vi- |), kipumziko.

Restitution, n. Pouliba, malipo, uko-
mbozi.

Restive, a. -szofulia, -a kuchesa-
cheza.

Restless, a. -fukufu, -siotulia. Be
restless, gaagua. Pass a restless
‘night, gaagua kucha,

Restlessness, n. fathaa, utukufu,
haraka.

Restoration, n. matengenezo, kute-

' Retaliative, a

RETALIATIVE

ngeneza, kurudisha, kuponya, ke-
lipa (Zaz. Restore).
Restorative, a. -2 Restoration, -a
kutia nguvu (afya, usima).
Restore, v. (return) rudisha; (repay)
lipa; (repair) tengeneza; (cure)

ya. ,

Restrain, v. zuia, shika, funga.

Restraint, n. kusuta, kisuto, zuio
[ma-], amri; (self-control) kuji-
susa, kiasi; ‘(confinement) kufu-
ngwa, kusutwa.

Restrict, v. zuia, tia amri (sharti).

Restriction, n. kisuio (vi-), amri,
sharti |ma-|.

Restrictive, a. -2 kuzuta.

Result, n. mwisho, tokeo, jambo,
mambo ya baadaye, "yafuatayo. Be
the result of, -wa kwa sababu ya.
The result was, kwa sababu hit,
basst mwisho. Results of war,
mambo yatukiayo kwa sababu ya
vita, matokeo ya vila.

——v. tokea, tukia, -wa. Result
from, -wa kwa sababu ya, fuata.
Result in, Zokea. Idleness results
in loss, uwiwu watokea hasara.

Resultant, a. -a mwisho, -liotokea.

Resultiess, a. -a burre, -siofaa.

Resumable, a. -4 kutwalska tena,
-a kuondoleka.

Resume, v. ‘waa tena, ansa tena,
shika tena, endelea.

Résumé,n. muhtasart, habari chache.

Resumption, n. kufwaa tena, Sc.
( Zaz. Resume).

Resurrection, n. ufufuo, ufufuko;
(general) kiyama.

Resuscitate, v. kuisha » fufua, rudi-
sha, toa tema, rejeza usimani.

Resuscitation, n. kuhuisha, &e.

Retail, n. (sale) rejareja.

—— v. usa rejareja, toa kidogo kidogo.

Retail-dealer, n. mchuruzt (wa-J.
mwuza dukani, mbazazi.

Retain, v. shika, weka ; (hire) ajiri.
Retainer, n. mfuasi Twa-), mtu-
mishi [wa-]. |
Retaliate, v. /ipisa kisasi, lipa.
Retaliation, n. kisasi, Rasast, maligo.

kisasi,

RETARD

Retard, v. kawilisha, chelesa, ahiri-
sha, zuia, vunja mwendo wa, ust-
risha.

Retardation, n. kukawia, kukawi-
lisha, &c. (Taz. Retard). .

Retoh, v. kokomoka.

Retention, v. kusuta, kufunga, ku-
weka.

Retentive, a. -a kushika; (able to
remember) -4 kufahamu. He has
a retentive memory, Auyu anaku-
mbuka sana, afahamu mengi.

Reticence, n. unyamafu, ustirifu.

Reticent, a. -nyamafu, -a kimya.

Reticular, Reticulated, a, ama
wavu, kama kimia.

Reticule, n. kibakasha | vi-|.

Retina, n. [Lama kioo cha kutazamia
kilicho ndani ya jicho).

Retinue, n. wafuasi, watumisht,
jami: ya watu wanaoandamana.
Retire, v. rudi, endelea nyuma, ji-
tenga, ondoka, kaa faraghani;

(from office) ondoka, jiuzulu.

Retired, a. -a faragha ; (from busi-
ness) -/totoka kazini.

Retirement, n. kurudi nyuma;
(guiet, privacy) faragha, ukiwa,
raha,pasipoghasia | kazi,shughuli |.

Retiring, a. -nyenyekevu, -nyonge,
-nyamafu, -enyt haya.

Retort, v. jibu vikali, itika kwa

nguvu, rudisha maneno, fyoa.

n. jibu kali, jibu la nguvu;
(vessel) (chombo cha kioo ao madini
cha kupikia dawa, Sc.).

Retouch, v. tengeneza, sahihisha.

Retrace, v. fuasa nyuma, rudia;
(with pen, &c.) andika marra ya
pili. He retraced his steps, alirudi

nyuma.

Retract, v. kanya (geuza) maneno
ya kwanza, tangua.

Retractation, n. kukanya, ufanguo.

Retractile, a. -a kurudika ndani,
-a kufumbata.

Retraction, n. kuvuta nyuma, kuru-
dika ndani; =Retractation.

Retreat, n. kurudinyuma, kukimbia,
marejeo ; (refuge) kimbilio [ma-],
mahali pa raka | pa salamu).

884

REVELATION

Retreat, v. rudi nyuma, kimbia.

Retrench, v. punguza | katia | ghara-
ma, punguza.

Retrenchment, n. kupunguza, upu-
nguo, kukalia gharama.

Retribution, n. malipo, kisasi, upa-
tilazo. |

Retributive, a. -a kulipa, -a kuli-
piza kisasi, -a kupalilisa.

Retrievable, a. -a kupatika tena, -a
kutengeneka (Taz. Retrieve).

Retrieve, v. pata tena, rudisha, ko-
mboa, geuza.

Retriever, n. (mbwa hodari kwa ku-
winda|.

Retrograde, a. -a kurudi nyuma,
-a kuwa -baya zayidi, -a kuhari-
bika.

Retrogression, n. kurudi nyuma,
kuharibika.

Retrogressive, a. -@ Retrogres-
sion.

Retrospect, Retrospection, n. ku-
tasamia yaliyopita, kukumbuka
mambo ya zamani.

Retrospective, a. -2 Retrospect.

Return, v. rudi, rejea, endelea nyu-
ma, rudia hali ya kwanza ; (reply)
Jibu, itika ; (repay) rudisha, lipa ;
(give account of) foa hesabu ya.

—— Nn. maregeo, marejeo, kurudi;
(payment) kulipa, malipo, kisasi ;

account) hesabu, daftari, habari;

(profit) chumo, fayida, mapato. In
return, kwa kulipa, mahali pake,
kwa badala.

Reunion, n. mkutano, kuunganika
tena, kupatana.

Reunite, v. kufanisha, unganisha,
patanisha, selehisha; (neut.) kufa-
nika, Sc.

Reveal, vy. funua, fumbua, thihi-
risha

Réveillé, n. (mgoma ya kuamsha asi-
kari assubut |,

Revel, n. fanya karamu (kwa ulevi
na ulafi|; (delight) jifurahisha.
— v. karamu ya furaha nyingi,

karamu ya ulevi na ulafi.
Revelation, n. kufunua, ufunuo
(ma-), ufumbulio.

BEVELRY

Revelry, n. (furaha kubwa kara-
munt, ulevi na ulafi |

Revenge, v. /waa [/ipisa) kisasi
tha. Revenge oneself on, jilipiza
kisasi.

n. majilipo, kisasi.

Revengeful, a. -a kutaka kisasi, -a
kisasi, -kali mno.

Revenue, n. mapalo ; (public) mali
ya serkali.

Reverberate, v. lialia, vumavunia,
nguruma; (reflect) rudisha sauti
(moto, nuru).

Reverberation, n. mlio, UVUMI,
ngurumo, kurudisha sauti, Sc.

Revere, v. jali, heshimu, -cha.

Reverence, n. unyenyekeo, heshima,
kicho, uchaji.

Reverend, a. -a kupewa heshima,
jenab hashimu ; (as title) padre.
Reverent, Reverential, a.-a kutoa

heshima, -nyenyekevu.

Reverie, n. Lama ndoto, fikara tupu,
mawazo. Ina reverie, dilla faka-
mu ya moyo, fikarans, kwa ndoto.

Reversal, n. kupindua, ugeuzi, la-
nguo, kushindwa

Reverse, v. pindua, geusa pia,
tangua, rudisha nyuma.

——n. (other side) upande wa nyu-
ma (wa chini, wa pili); (opposite,
contrary) #40 mbali, mbalimbali,
tliolekea kabisa ; (defeat) kupigwa,
kushindwa ; (disaster) mapinduzi,
maangamizi, msiba.

— a. -a pili, -a nyuma; (quite
different) -4o mbali, mbali kabisa.

Reversible, a. -a kupindukana, -a
kutumika kuwili.

Reversion, n. | kurudi ao kurudiwa
urithi baadaye, mali ya kurithiwa
baadaye).

Reversionary, a. -4 Reversion.

Revert, v. rudi, rejea.

Review, v. angalia marra ya pili,
tazamia, kagua, chungulia ; (criti-
cize in writing) andika hukumu
Juu ya |kasi ya mtu mwingine);
(inspect troops) kagua.

—— n. kuangalia, &c.: (of troops)
kutasamia jeshi la asikari, mkaguo,

835

REVOLUTIONIZE

kwotas ; (periodical) | kitabu chenyt
habart ya vitabu vingine na mambo
pia), gaidi; ; (critique) Aukumu,
usahthes

Reviewal, n. kuangulia, Sc. (Taz.
Review, v.)

Reviewer, n. (mwandikaji wa Re-
view], mkaguzi, msahihishi.

Revile, v. kukana, shutumu.

Reviling, n. matayo, masuto, mashu-
tumu, matukano.

Revindicate, v. [Vindicate marra

ya pili).

Revisal, n. kusahihisha, &c. (Taz.
Revise).

Revise, v. sahkthisha, tengeneza,
fanya safi | fasihi); (alter) senge-
neza, geusa.

Revisit, v. amkia tena, rudia marra
ya pili.

Revival, n. ufufuo, kuhuisha (Taz.
Revive).

Revive, v. fufua, huisha, amsha
(anzisha, rudisha, eneza) marra

ya pili; (neut.) fufuka, huska,
Rovivity, v. kuisha, rudishia nguvu

(uzima).

Revocable, a, -a kugeuka, -a kuta-
nguka.

Revocation, n. kugeuza maneno,
utanguo.

Revoke, v. geuza (maneno ya

kwanza), tangua amri.

Revolt, v. (rebel) asi; (disgust)
chubiza mno; (abhor) Ziwa ma-
chukio.

n. maasi.

Revolting, a. -a kuchukiza mno, -ba-
ya kabisa.

Revolution, n. (rebellion) maasi;
(radical change) mageuzi makuu,
mapinduzi; (circular motion) zmzu-
nguko (ms-).

Revolutionary, a. -a kutasi serkali,
-a fitina; -a kufanya Revolu-
tion.

Revolutionist, n. aakaye Revolu-
tion.

‘Revolutionise, v. geusa sana, pi-

nduapindua.

”v
,

REVOLVE

Revolve,v. zunguka, pinduka geuka;
(consider) waza moyoni, fikirifikiri.

Revolver, n. bastola | ya midomo mi-
ngi, ya mashindo menge|).

Revulsion, n. mageust ya moyo;
(disgust) machukio.

Reward, v. -fa zawadi, tusa, toa
bakshishi, -pa pesa, lipa, jazi.

—— n. zawadi, thawabu; (for thing
lost) kiokosti; (for work) ijara,
ujira; (in competition) Zazo;
(present) zawadi, bakshishi (Taz.
Present, n.). May God reward
you, Muungu akujazt heri, Muu-
ngu akuweke.

Reynard, n. | jina la mbweha katika
hadithi |.

Bhapsodical, a. kama Rhapsody.

Rhapsodist, n. mwandikaji wa
Bhapsody.

Rhapsody, n. [maneno yahyobunika
pasipo akili wala kufungamana,
kama mapayo, kama kuota ; (poeti-
cal) fungu la utenst |.

Rhetoric, n. elimu ya usemaji, use-
maji ; (eloquence) ufasaha wa ku-
sema ; (bombast) kusema kwa kuji-
vunal kwa fahari ),kupiga domo;(in-
accurate statement) #wongo, ch

Rhetorical, n. -a usemaji; (not seri-
ous) -2 kufanya usurt, -sto kweli.

Rhetorician, n. msemaji, mwalimu
wa kufundisha usemaji.

Rheum, n. be/ghamu (Ar.).

BRheumatic, a. -4 Rheumatism.

Bheumatism, n. uwelt wa viungo,
baridi yabis.

Rheumy, a. -a belghamu.

Bhinoceros, n. kifaro [vi-].

Rhomb, Rhombus, n. (sanamu
yenyi Pande ' nne sawa, na pembe
sake si mrabba|.

Rhomboid, n. (tama Rhombus, /a-
kini pande stlisolekeana tu sawa).

Rhyme, n. (mashairi yenyi sauti
'mwishoni sawa, sauti sa mwisho
sawa), kina; (poetry) mashairi.
Write rhyming verses, fanya kina
cha mashairi, tia vina.

—— v. wa sauti sawa mwishoni,
-wa na kina.

886

RIDDLE

Rhymer, n. mwandikaji wa Rhyme.

Bhyming, a. -enyi Rhyme, -a
kina.

Rhythm, n. #linganifu wa sauti,
mfuatano mzuri wa sauti, usoni
(Ar.).

Rib, n. ubavu (mbavu); (of ship)
taruma | [ma-]; (of cocoa-nut leaf)
1c

Ribald, a. -a kutukana.

Ribaldry, n. matukano, matusu.

Ribbon, Riband, Ribband, n. utepe
Utepe), ugwe.

Rice, n. (growing) mpunga ; om
mchele; ; (cooked) wali; (ground
unga; (burnt in cooking) mbao ;
(gruel) wji. (A dish of) rice and
fish, wali kwa samaki.

Rich, a. (man) #ajiri |ma-|, -enyi
mali,-kwasi; (country) -esyé mals ;
(soil) -a kuzaa sana; (abundant )
-ingt, tele ; (colour, &c.) -ingt,-surs ;
(taste, Sec.) “Zamu sana. Rich in
metals, -enyt madini tele. Get rich,
tajirika, nafisika.

Riches, n. mali, utajiri, ukwasi ;
(abundance) wingi.

Richness, n. wingi, neema, mbaraka ;
(value) thamans ; (productiveness)
usaaji,neema;(colour, dress) sssrt,
urembo ; (taste) lamu.

Rick, n. (chungu ya majani ma-
ok "Chungu za

Rickets, n. [uthai/u wa watoto).
Bisoshet,. n. Lewenda rukaruka
tgapiga chins, kama lisast
heeds | #kifika mbali ”
Rid, v. (p. t. sa pf. t. Rid) okoa, pona,
toa. Rid of anxiety, toa mashakani.
He is rid of his trouble, ametoka
na taabu. Rid of, ondolea, twalia,
Sungulia. Be rid "of, okoka katiha,
ondokewa. Get rid of, pata ku-
okoka katika, jiondolea,
Riddance, n. £wokoa, kuo ka, &c.
Ridden, pf. t. ya Ride.
Riddle, n. kitendawik [vi-], fumbo
[mas (sieve) kayamba kubwa,
uto. Make a riddle, zega.
——~ v. sema kwa fumbo; (pierce)
cthomachoma, suasua.

RIDE

887

RING

Ride, v. (p. t. Rode, pf. t. Ridden) | Right, n. (justice) kaki; (morality)

chukuliwa [na gari ao frasi |); (of
ship) clea baharini. lt is riding at
anchor, tmefia nanga.

—— n. (kupanda frasi, matembezi
kwa frasi, mahali pa kutembea
kwa frasi|.

Rider, n. mfanda frasi; (added
clause) (maneno ya siada, maneno
ao sharti iliyotiwa juu ao baadaye,
nyongeza |.

Ridge, n. mgongo (mi- |; (of furrow)

: mfuo (mi-|; (in gardening) tata
[ma-]}; (of roof) ufiko, mwamba,
juu( yanyumba); (of hills) mgongo,
vilele,

Ridicule, v. cheka, fanyizia msaha,
thihaki,

—— n. mzaha, thihaka.

Ridiculous, a. -a kuchekwa, -a ku-
chekesha, -a mzaha, -teshteshi.

Riding, a. -a kupandtka | frasi), -a
kutumika kwa frasi.

n. kupanda frasi, mwendo kwa

ast.

Rife (Be), v. -wa -ingt, chaga, enea,
vumika.

Rifle, v. eka, nyang’anya, kumba.

bunduki | ya nguvu, yenyi
mifuo ndani).

RBifleman,n. (asikari mwenyi Bifle }.

Rift,n. ufa | ny-), shimo| ma-], bonde.

Rig, v. famba (chombo), tengenesa.

—— n. pambo | la chombo).

Rigging, n. pambo | matanga, kamba,
&c., ya chombo).

Right, a. (side) -2 upande wa kuume,

_ -@ mkono wa kulia; (good) -a4
haki, -a adili, -ema, -2uri, (exact)
sawa halisi, barabara; (fitting,
true) -a kweli, -a kufaa, -a heri,
wdjibu. A right angle, pembe ya
mrabba. All right, njema, vema.
Be (turn out) right, e/ekea, ongokea.

v. tengeneza, simamisha, weka

.. sawa |(visuri); (get justice for)
patia haki ; (be upright) simama
sawa:

—— adv. vema, njema; (exactly)
sawa, haswa; (very) sana. Right
reverend, -a heshima sana.

adili; (goodness) wema; (truth)
kweli; (correctness) usawa, uha-
list; (side) upande wa kuume,
mkono wa kulia. Put to rights,
Tengeneza. On the right, kuumeni,
kwa mkono wa kuume. A man's
rights, (mtu astahiliyo kupewa ao
kupata). The rights of man, ( ya-
mstahiliyo kupata killa mwana-
damu).
Righteous, a. pasipo thambi, pasipo
katiya, -a haki, -ema,-suri,-aadtis.
Righteousness, n. wema halisi,
kutokuwa na thambi, utakatifu,
haki.
Rightful, a. -a haki, -a adili, -ema.
Rigid, a. -stopindikana, -siokunjika,
-gumu, yabts, thabiti; (severe)
-kalt. Berigid, kazana, pindamana.
Rigidity, n. kuwa Rigid, kutopind:-
kana, ugumu, uthabiti.
Rigmarole, n. mapayo, upuzi.
Rigor, n. (shivering) Zetemeko | ma-),
mtetemo | mi- |.
Rigorous, a. -kali, -gumu; (precise,
exact) kalisi.
Rigour, n. ukali, ugumu.
Rill, n. kijito kidogo, mchirizi | mi-).
Rim, n. ukingo | kingo), kando, mzi-
ngo. '
Rime, n. = Frost.
Rind, n. ganda [ma-]; (hard) gome
[ ma-]; (of squeezed fruit, &c.) kaka.
Ring, v. (p. t. Rang, pf. t. Rung)
(sound) Za; (make sound) figa
(kengele); (make a noise) -wa na
makelele, vuma sana (habari).
n. pele Dpete, mapele); (circle)
mviringo, duara; (for races, &c.)
uwanja (wa kuchezea mashi-
ndano); (spectators) jamii ya
watu wakihuthuria; (sound) mlio
| wa madini, kengele, &c.|; (society)
(sharika la watu wenyi shauri moja,
zayidi wapiganao masharti ya fetha
kwa mashindano); (ferrule) s2oleo
(ma-), pete; (on sword-sheath)
ukoa (koa); ° bells) jamii | ya
kengele nyingi|. Nose-ring, asama.
Lip-ring, ndonya, Ear-ring, pete
z

RING-DOVE

a sikio. Make a ring, Bend
into a ring, pela. pelana, petema-
nisha,viringanisha; (gather round)
zunguka, kutanika, huthuria.

Ring-dove, n. kwa.

Ringer, n. mpiga kengele.

Ringing, a. -a sauti kubwa, -a kusi-

kika, -a makelele, -a mshindo.

Ringleader, n. mfangulisi, mkuu

(wa jambo ao shauri baya, wa
watu wataya|.

Ringlet, n. songo la nyele, msokoto.

Ringworm, n. choa.

Rink, n. patel yenyi utelest, ya
kuchezea

Rinse, v. osha kwa maji, chovya-

“chovya; (the mouth) piga funda,
sukutua,

Riot, n. fitina, makelele, uthia, jeuri,
ulevi,

—— v. fanya fitina, &c. Run riot,
potoka, fanya vyo vyote, fuja
mali.

Rioter, n. mfanya fitina, &c.

Rioting, n. = Riot, n.

Riotous, a. -a Riot, n.

Rip, v. pasua, rarua, kata, tatua,
tumbua.

Ripe, a. -bivu, -pevu; (ready) ¢a-
yart; (complete) kamili, -temelivu,
Of ripe years, -s¢ma.

Ripen, v. :visha, pevusha, komasa,
(neut.) iwa, pevuka, komaa; (per-
fect) sttawisha, kamilisha; (pre-
pare) fanya tayari.

Ripeness, n. ubivu; (perfection)
ukamilifu, usitawi.

Ripple, n. viwimbi.

anya viwimbi, ha kama
viwimoi,

Rippling, a. -4 viwimdi, -a mito [-a
mfano) wa viwimbi,

——— YY,

Rise, v. (p. t. Rose, pf. t. Risen) |.

enda juu, inuka, panda, kwea;
(above others) nyanyuka; (stand
up) simama, ondoka ; (appear) fo-
kea; (increase) ongezeka, zidi;
(advance) pala cheo| ubele, utajiri);
(rebel) fanya fitina (maasi);
(cease sitting) vunjika (baraza,
' &c.), isha; (originate) Zoka, -wa

888

RIVER

na asili (na mwanzo|, anza; (as
dough) umka; (sun, &c.) chomoza,
panda; (from death) fufuka. Rise -
in price, kwea, panda, ghalika.
Risein importance, ongeseka nguvu.

Rise, n. Aupanda; (raised ground)
mahali pa kupanda, kilima;
(degree of elevation) kadiri ya
kupanda ; (increase) maongezo, ku-
zidi; (advance) maendeleo; (origin)
asili, mwanzo; (flow of tide) k4-
jaa; (of sun) kuchomoza, macho.
Give rise to, toa, fanyiza, anziska.

Risen, pf. t. ya Rise.

Risibility, n. kuwa Risible.

Risible, a. -a kucheka, -a kuchekesha.

Rising, n. fitina, kuasi; (ascent)
kupanda, mpando.

—— a. -a kupanda; (progressing) -a
kuendelea, hodari, -past. The
rising generation, vijana wa siku
Afisi. Rising ground, Ailima,
kiduta (vi-).

Risk, n. hatari, mashaka; (chance)
bahati. At the owner's risk, juu
yake mwenyeji. Insure against
risk, fanya bima, lipa jukum. Run
a risk, #mgia hatarini, jihatirisha,
jasiri,

— v. hatirisha, bahatisha. | will
risk it, Aasara kwangu, jus yangu.

Risky, a. -a hatari, -a mashaka.

Rite, n. kanuni [kawaida) ya dini,
tendo la ibada.

Ritual, a. kawaida za dini, urembo
wa ibada, utaratibu wa sala, nguzo
za sala, .

Ritualiam, n. (kapenda na kutumia
Ritual}.

Ritualist, n. [asktkaye Ritualism].

Ritualistic, a. -a Ritualism.

Rival, n. mshindani | wa-|. It hasno
rival, haina kifani, haina mwenzi.

—— a. -shindant, -a kushindana.

—— v. shindana na, taka kupita,
jaribu kuwa sawa na, -wa a
sawa na.

Rivalry, n. ushindant.

Rive, v. pasua.

River, n. mio [mt-], mto mkubwa;
(abundance) wingi.

RIVET ~

Rivet, n. [msomari wa kugongomewa
ncha zote mbili |.

v. kaza kwa Rivet, kaza. Rivet

the gaze on, fazamisha sana,
kazia macho.

Rivulet, n. kiyito [vi-]. .

Roach, n. (samaki ya mito Ulaya).

Road, Roadway, n. sta. On the

. toad, kafika safari, njiani. Out
of the road! semillah ! jthathari !

Roads, Roadstead, n. bandari, ma-
elezi, pa kutia nanga.

Roam, v. zunguka, potea, tembea.

Roan, a. (rangi ya frasi, nussu
nyekundu nussu nyeupe|; (leather)
[gost ya-kondoo, iliyotiwa dawa na
range |.

Roar, v. sguruma, lia sana [kama
simba, mzinga, théruba,mawimds |,
vuma. Roar at, vumia,

—-, Roaring, n. ngurumo, UVUMI,
shindo kubwa, mlto( wa simba, &c. }.

Roast, v. choma | kwa mato), oka.

— n. |chakula kilichokwisha cho-
mwa |.

Rob, v..tbia, nyang'anya, poka.
Robber, n. mnyang'anyi [wa-},
murat (wezi), mwivi, haramia.

Robbery, n. utsz, unyang'anji.

Robe, n. vest [ma-] la heshima, vazi
bora.

—. v. yaa (vika | Robe.

Robin, m | ndege mdogo wa Ulaya).

Robust, a. -enyi maungo, -a nguvu,
hodari, -nene.

Robustness, n, umene, maungo, ulha-

ttt.

Rochet, n. [vast moja la askofu).

Rock, v. (swing) pembea, pembesa,
ning’ inia, ning iniza ; (shake) tihi-
sa, ttkistka; (of a ship) sukasuka,
fanya mramma; (stagger) Jevya,
taka anguka.

—— n. mwamba | ms-], jabali [ma-];
(small) £¢jaméba(vi-]. Sunkenrock,
kipwa [vi-]. .

Rockery, n. = Rock-work.

Boon” n. (fataki kubwa ya kuruka

: jun). .

Rock-salt,n. (chumvi ya mawe, chu-
mvi itokayo chini),

$39

ROLLING

Rock-work, n.[ mawechunguchungu
ya kupandikia maua).

Rocky, a. -@ mawe mengi, -enyt mt-
amba; (stern, hard) -gumu, -kali.

Rod, n. wufifo [ fito); (punishment)
athabu, pige| ma. 1; (authority) ku-
kumu, mamlaka; (oppression) thu-
lumu; (for fishing) ufito, mwanzi
[wa kuvulia samakt |); (measuring)
chenzo; (measure) = Pole, Perch.

Rode, p. t. ya Ride.

Rodent, a. [myama] -enyi kutafuna.

Rodomontade,n.majivuno, maneno
makuu, upuzi.

Roe, n. mayayi ya samaki, ng ofu (2).

Roebuok, n. | nyama kama paa|.

Rogation, Rogation days, n. | siku
2@ kuombea, siku. tatu mbele ya-
Ascension Day }.

Rogue, n. ayari; ragat, mjanja,
mbaya, mshart,

Roguery, n. wanja, hila, uragai;
(fun) ubishi, ucheshi.

Roguish, a. -4 Roguery.

Roll, v. fingirisha, (neut.) fingirika; .
(fold) Aunja; (impel) sukuma;
(spread) enea, eneza; toa -ingt | kwa
nguvu); (move by rollers, &c.)
jongeza kwa magurudumu (kwa
nyenzo\; (revolve) zungusha, zu-
nguka; (move swiftly) pita upesi
[Awa nguvu|; (smooth) Zaimisha
[Awa gogo, 8rc.|; (make by rolling)
Janyiza kwa magurudumu; (pro-
long sound) fuliza sauti (kama
ngurumo); (of ship) sukasuka,
Sanya mramma.

—— n. kufingirisha, kufingirika,
&c. (Zaz. Roll, v.); (of cloth, &c.)
Jura; (of paper, &c.) gombo, hati;
(register) #esabu, tarihi; (bread)
mkate; (sound) mdundo [wa ngo-
maj), uvumi; (of tobacco, Sc.)
bumba; (of ship) mramma.

Roller, n. wenzo (ny-], gogo (ma-);
(wave) wimbi ([ma- ubwa;
(wheel) gurudumu [ma-]; (ban-
dage) kitambaa cha kuganga.

Rolling, n. kufingirisha, kufingiri-
ka, mzunguko, mzingo ;. (folding)

. mkunjo ;.(circular motion) mwendo

Z2

ROLLING

wa gurudumu ; (of ship) mramma,
msukosuko, mtumbotumbo,

Rolling, a. -a kujfingirika, &c.; (fire)
-a fululizo ; (stock) -2 kutumika.
He is a rolling stone, mhamtshiz
huyu, hana kituo. Rolling prairies
(country), nyika pana kubwa | kama
bahari na mawimbi yake

Roman, a. -a kirumi, -rumt.

Roman Catholio, n. na a. Mmasthi-
ya wa Kanisa la kirumi, -a Ka-
nisa la kirumi.

Romance, n. (kisa chenyi habari za
mambo mengi ya ajabu, hadithi
zilizobunika za kupiga chuku |; (fic-
tion) wwongo, uzushi, | kujitungia
mambo ya ajabu na kufurahisha),

-—— aa | -am mifumo wa lugha ya Waru-
mi wa kale), Romance languages,
yu ugha ya mataifa ya Ulaya kwa

Sint |.

Romanesque, a. = Romance.

Romanism, n. [tmant na kawaida
sa Kanisa la kirumi).

Romanist, n. = Roman Catholic.

Romanize, v. | fuatisha desturi na
mathehebu za Kanisa la kirumi,
geuza kuwa -a Kanisa la kirumi).

Romantio, a. -a ajabu, -a kigeni, -a
kupita kiasi, -sto akili, -a burre,
-a Romance.

Romish, a. -a Kanisa la kirumi.

Romp, n. mchezo | mi-).

v. chesa, rukaruka, randa.

Bood, n. (sanamu ya Isa Masiya
amekazwa msalabani |).

Roof, n. (thatched, side) faa [ma-},
(end) hipaa |vi-], kisusi |vi-|;
(stone) dart, sakafu ya juu; (in
an excavation, cave) jus, upande
wa jury.

Roofing, n. kulia Roof, (vitu vya
kufanyisia Roof, miti, makuti,
mabati, matofali).

Roofess, a. pastpo Roof.

Rook, n. (ndege kama kunguru |.

Rookery, n. (| jamii ya matundu ya
Rook; (bad houses) jamit ya
nyumba mbaya na mbovu).

Room, n. chumba [vy-]; (upper)
| refs (front) sébule,, ukumbi;

840

ROTATORY

(store) ghala; (space) nafasi, chi”
mbuko. Intheroom of, makali pa,
katika kazi ya [mtu mwingine).
Make room for, ondokea, pisha,
ambaza.

Roominess, n. nafasi tele, uwazi.

Roomy,a.-enyi nafasi,-kubwa, wazi.

Roost, n. kifuo cha ndege, kijiti cha
kutulilia, kiota.

Vv. jikalia, tula.

Root, n. shina [ma-|; (small) mszsz
(mi- J; (origin) asi/:, awali, mwa-
30 ; (cause) sababu ; (in grammar)
neno la asili, harufu za asili; (in
arithm.) 7az. Square Root.

panda, kaza chini, penyeza
chini; (establish) weka imara,
kaza, ingiza ndani. Be rooted,
pandika, kazwa, fansiwa shina.
Root up, ng'oa, toa.

Rootlet, n. mzisi (mi- ).

Rope, n. kamba, ugwe; (large) jigwe
[ma-]; (small) kigwe (vi-).

Rope-walk, n. |mahali pa kufanyi-
sia kamba).

Rosary, n. fashihi.

Rose, n. waridi. Rose-water, ma-
rashi mawdridi, maji wdridi.
Otto of roses, hal waridi,

p. t. ya Rise.

Rose-apple, n. (fruit) darabi [ma-],
pera la kizungu.

Roseate, a. -a rangi ya waridi,
-chundu, (hopeful) -a furaha, -a
kutumaini.

Rosette, n. fundo la utepe, shada.

Rose-wood, n. (mti mwekundu na
mweusi).

Rosin, n. = Resin, ( kama sandarusi
nyekundu).

Rosiness, n. wekundu,

Rostrum, n. (kama mimbara)|.

Rosy, a. -a rangi ya waridi, -ckundu.

Rot, v. osesha, vundisha; (neut.) osa,
vunda.

n. kioza.

Rotary, a. -4 kuzunguka.

Rotats, v. zunguka, zungusha.

Rotation, n. msingo, Mzunguko ;
(turn) samu, taratibu.

Rotatory, a. -a kuzunguka.

—— Y,

BOTH

Rote, n.
mbuka kwa akili, jisomesha kwa
moyo | kwa ufahamu).

Rotten, a. -ovu, -bovu, -liooza.

Rotund, a. -a mviringo; (plump,
fat) -/eonenepa, -nene.

Rouble, n. (reale ya kirussi |.

Roué, n. mwasherati, mfisadi.

Rouge, n. (dawa nyekundu ya kupa-
ka usoni, kama manjano}\.

Rough, a. -gumu, -a kuparusa, si
-ororo, si laini, st sawa, si halisi;
(uncivil) s£ adabu, si heshima;
(bitter) s¢ -tamu; (harsh) sz--Zole ;
(imperfect) s¢ kamili, st. -curi;
(barbarous) -shenzi. Rough idea
(sketch), dokezo | ma-). Rough sea,

ahari iliyochafuka. Rough tem-
per, kali, ushupavu, ugomvi.
Rough tone, sauti kali. Rough
weather, pepo na baridi, tufanu.
Rough workman, mparuzi. Kough
and ready, -a kufaa kwa. marra
moja, -a kutosha kwa matumisi-ya
ghdfala, tayari, -elekevu. A rough
diamond, mzuri ndani | moyo) ku-
liko nje (umbo), mzuri wa moyo st
450.

n, mfithuli, mjeuri, mshart.

——v. Rough it, | yaumilia hali mba-
ya na taabu, jivumilisha).

Rough-cast, n. [chokaa na makekoto
ya mchanga, ya kutomelea).

Roughen, v. fanya | fanyika)

Bough; (of sea) chafua; (of

temper) kasiris.
Rough-hewn, a. st latins, vivi, hivi.
Roughness, n. kuwa Rough, ugu-
mu, maparuso, Sc.

Rough-rider, n. mfuga frasi.
Rough-shod, a. Ride rough-shod
over, tharau, tia uchungu burre,
Round, a. -a kiviringo, -a duara;
(complete, large) -zima, -kubwa,
ingi ; (open, plain) wazi, thahiri ;
(well-finished) /aini, -tamu, -zuri.
All the year round, mwaka wote
langu mwanzo hatta mwisho.
Round number, (| #esabu iliyo kari-
bu, si sawa halisi). Round game,
(mchezo wa watu wengi pamoja|.

341
Learn (get) by rote, 4-| Round dance, | ngoma ya kusungu-

ROUT

ka wawili wawili|. Round hand,
(mwandiko wa arufu kubwa nene).

Round, n. mviringo, duara, pele,
mzingo; (in music) (wimbo wa
ku sana sauli |; (series) ufara-
tibu, kuandamana, mafuatano;
(ofladder) kipaya, kipande, daraja;
(of soldiers) emgojo, zamu. A
round of applause, vwzgelegele,
makelele ya salamu. A round of
ammunition, 42ast cha bunduki [cha
msinga|. Go the round of, maliza.
The whole round of, -ofe, namna
sole. A round of gaieties, michezo
mingi.

—— v. viringanisha, petana, pete-
manisha ; (complete) maliza, kwi-
sha; (correct) sahihisha | maneno);
(go round) zunguka [rast, pembe,
Sc. |, faulu.

—— prep. na adv. kuzunguka, pande
sole [sa], msingo [wa], pote, kwa
killa mtu. Go round, zunguka,
anda killa mahali; (be given to all)
enea, tosha. Turn round, 24-
ngusha, pindua ; (neut.) zunguka,
geuka, pinduka. Bring round,
(revive) kuisha, fufua; (reform)
fuliza, ongoza. Stand round,
zunguka, huthuria. Come (get)
round, jipendekeza kwa, shawishi,
shinda, danganya. An all-round
man, mfu wa kufaa kwa yote,
hodari sana, mwekevu wa kazi,
mjua kazi zole.

Roundabout, a. -a kuzunguka, -a
burre.

Rounded, a. (composition) sakzhz,
fasihi.

Roundly, adv. sana, wazi.

Roundness, n. mviringo, kitumbo,
kivimba.

Round-robin, n. [hati yenyi haja,
ya watu wengi waliotia majina),
Rouse, v. amsha, stusha, chomesha,
sukuma, harakisha ; (cause) fanya,

leta.

Bout, n. kufukuswa, mafukuzo, ma-
kimbizi, kushindwa ; (crowd) gha-
siya ya watu.

ROUT
Rout, v. piga, shinda, kimbiza, fue
kuza.

Route, n. njia. En route, njiani.

Routine, n. ufaralibu,' kawaida ya
killa siku, desturi.

Rove, v. sunguka mahali mahali,
potea.

Rover, n. mfu wa kuzunguka pote,
mtembezi, mhamishi.

Roving, a. -a Rover, -hamishi.

Row, n. (line) safe, mstari; (of fish,
&c., on string) mtanda di (of
plants, 8c.) mpando (mi- |; (noise)
uthia, makelele, matata. Be in
rows, pangana. Put in a row,
panga, weka sawasawa, pangisha.
Go for a row, tembea mashuani.

— v. figa makasia, peleka kwa
makasia, Vuta.

Rowdy, a. ~jeurt, -fithuls.

Rowel, n. | miiba ya Spur, n. }.

Rower, n. mfpiga kasia.

Rowing, n. mvuto, kupiga makasia.

Rowlock, n. ki/ete |ve-].

Royal, a. -a kifaume, -a mfalme, -a

fahari.

Royalism, n. kupenda utawala wa
mfalme).

Royalist, n. [ashthaye Royalism].

Royalty, n. ufa!me, hali ya mfalme,
kifaume; (person) mfalme, wa-

falme; (tax) kodi ya mfalme.

Rub,yv. sugua; (wipe) pangusa, futa;
(polish) katua; (scrape) paruza;
(bruise) chubwa, chuna; (grate)
tua ; (to pieces) fikicha ; (of medi-
cine) chua, paka. Rub up, ‘enge-
neza, amsha ; (irritate) kastrisha,
chomesha. Rub out (of writing,
&cc.), zimiliza, futa.

— 0. 2uio, shidda, upingamizi,

_ mashaka.

Rubber, n. [mtu ao kitu cha kusugua,
&c.]; (india-rubber) mpira; (in
cards) | mchezo wa karata |, mvumo.

Rubbish, n. kifusi, lakataka; (in
heaps) dw: (| ma-|); (nonsense) ya-
siyofaa, upuzi, ovyo, mawe. Rub-
bish! mawe

Rubbish-heap, n. jaa; (small) wi
[ma-].

342

RULE

Rubble, n. makokoto, mawe ya kutos
melea, kifusi.

Rubicund, a. -ckundu [uso].

Rubric, n. (amri ya utaratibu wa

sala |.

Ruby, n. (kito chekundu, johari y
thamant |. .

Rudder, n. msukani, shikio.

Ruddy, a. -ehundu.

Rude, a. -juvt, si adabu, '-shenzi,
jeuri, -fithuli.

Budeness, n. ujuvt, jeuri, ufithuls,
ushenzi, usafihi.

Rudiment, n. (beginning) mwanzo,
asili, maarifa ya kwanza; (germ)
uchipuko, mbegu, chanzo.

Rudimental, Rudimentary, n. -a
Rudiment. ;

Rue, v. jutia, sikilikia. .

Rueful, a. -a huzuni, -sikilifu, -a
majuto.

Buff, n. [éstambaa cha kuvaa shi-
ngont |.

Ruffian, n. mjeuri er mfithuli
twa-|, mbaya (| wa-|.

Bufflanism, n. jeuri (Taz. Ruffian).

Ruffianly, a. -4 Ruffian.

Ruffle, v. (crease) Aunjakunja; (dis-
turb) chafua, hasirisha.

Rug, n. (sulia ndogo nene, blanket:
nene).

Rugged, a. -a kuparuza, -a mawe, SI
sawa, .st laint; (rude) -shenszs,
“kali, st laini.

Ruin, n.. maangamist, upotevu, uku-
mbo, utilifu; (in business) 22/252 ;
(of buildings, Sc.) mavunjtko, maa-
nguko, magofu, mahame. A rained
house, gofu la nyumba, uhame.

v. angamiza, potesa, haribu,
vunja, filisi, lilifsha. Be ruined,
angamia; (in business) filisika,
silifika.

Ruinous, a. -4 Ruin, -a Ruins.

Rule, n. (regulation) amri, kanuni,
kawaida, desturi ; (dominion) séa-
wala, mamlaka, ensi, hukumu ;
(carpenter's) cheneso, futi. Asa
rule, marya nyingi, desturt, si si-
kuzolte.

— v. tawala, hukumu; (control)

: RULER

ongosa, shurutisha; (order) amu-
ru; (draw line) piga mstari | mi-).
Raled paper, karatasi ya mifuo.

Ruler, n. mtawala |wa-), mfalme
(wa-), mkuu | wa-|, walt [ma-];
(carpenter's) cheneso, futi.

Ruling, a. -a kutawala, -a nguvu,
-a kuenea, -lio -ingt.

—— n. utawala, amri.

Ram, n. (mvinyo ufanyizwao wa
miwa |.

a. gent, ajabu, -a kuchesha.

Rumble, v. nguruma, vuma, tu-
tuma.

Rumbling, n. ngurumo, uvumi, tu-
tumo, tetemo.

Ruminant, a. -enyi kucheua.

Ruminate, v. cheua, tafuna kama
ng'ombe; (consider) fikirifikiri,
waza.

Rumination, n. kucheua ; (thought)
fikara, mawazo.

Rummage,v. (Zafutia kwa kuchafua,
fanya fujo ao uthia katika kuta-
futa), dadisi | pelelesa, chungulia |
ndani ya, tafuta sana.

Rummage-sale, n. mnada.

Rumour, n. kabari, maneno ya watu,
kivumo, uvumi. There is a ru-

mour, kusema, huvuma, yavumika. |"

v. emeza, vumisha.

Rump, n. Zako |/a nyama|, ncha | ya
uli wa mgongo).

Rumple, v. kunja vibaya, chafua.

Run, v. (p. t. Ran, pf. t. Run) enda
mbio, kimbia, pita upesi, pita,
enda ; (melt) yeyuka; (discharge)
chuza, toa, toka, toka uzaha ; (cause
to go) endesha, pitisha, ingiza,
sukuma; (trace) andika, piga (sa-
namu, mstart, &c.|. Kun after,
fuata mbio; (seek) tafuta, taka,
penda. Run against, gonga, gonga-
na na. Runaway, foroka, kimbia,
enda zake | zao, &c.}. Run down,
telem'ka ; (be exhausted) potewa na
nguvu, koma; (depreciate) xenea,
singizia ; (collide with) gonga, vu-
nja; (pass, defeat) patia, pitza (Awa
shindano|. Run into, zngia, ji-
ingiza; (collide with) Zambana,

843.

RUNNING

gongana na; (introduce) ingiza,
penyesa. Run into debt, jipasha
deni. Run mad, -wa na wazimo.
Run on, endelea; (exaggerate)
piga domo, toa maneno mengi;
(reflect on) kumbuka, waza. Run
over, (examine lightly) Zasamia
upesi; (overflow) furika, toka;
(trample on) kanyaga chini. Run
out, (extend) foa, nyosha; (com-
plete) maliza ; (come to an end)
isha. Run riot, peta kiasi, fanya
upotovu. Run risk, pata hatari,
pthatirisha. Run short, funguka,
ss tosha, Run through, (money,
&c.) foteza; (examine lightly)
angalia kwa haraka. Run up,
zidi, ongeza, ongezeka ; (a build-
ivg) fanyiza upesi. Run up to,
kimbilia, patia. Run a business,
jitia kazini. Run aground, fekeza,
pweleza; (neut.) kwama, pwelewa,
panda, Run with (blood, &c.),

- Zoka (damu, &c.]) tele, chusa, -wa
na -ingt, churuszika.

n. kwenda mbio, mwendo wa
mbio; (course) mwendo, njia;
(continuance) mfululizo, maende-
leo; (journey) safari ; (popularity)
ukubali, kupendeza, kutumika; (de-
mand on a bank) kufaka deni, ku-
taka fetha; (for grazing) machunga,
malisha; (in games) (hesabu ya
most, pili, tatu, &c.|. In the long
run, mwisho, hatima. Thecommon
run, wafu wengi, walio watu tu,
vitu vingi, kama vitu vyote.

Runaway, n. (slave) mtoro [wa-];
(in fight) mkimbizi | wa-).

Runes, n. |karufu na maandiko ya
Norway ya kale}.

Rung, pf. t. ya Ring.

n. (of ladder) kipande [cha
ngazi |, daraja.

Runner,n. mwenda mbio, mshindani
wa mbio; (messenger) mjumbe,
tarishi | ma- |; (surface root) kifa-
wi [cha mmea utambaao chint |.

Running, a. -a@ kwenda mbio;
(successive) moja kwa moja; (ac-
companyipg) -4 kufuatana; (dis-

RUNNING

charging) -a kutoka uzaha.
ning fire, | kupiga bunduki, kupiga
bunduki aomizinga kwa ufululizo).
Running fight, vifa ya watu wa-
kifukuzana. Six days running,
siku sita moja kwa moja.

Running, n. kwenda mbio, ku-
kimbia, Sc.

Rupee, n. rupia.

Rupture, n. kuvunja, kuvunjika,
mvunjo; (discord) kuvunja ura-
Jiki, ugomvi, vita; (of bowel, &c.)
Tas. Hernia.

v. vunja.

Rural,a.-a shambani | kuliko mjini),
-a mashamba.

Ruralize, v. shinda shamba (si
mjini |.

Ruse, n. ila, ujanja, kitimbi, shauri
Jerevu.

Rush, v. enda mbio, enda kassi, pita
kwa nguvu, kimbia, enda haraka,
puruka; (take suddenly) zwaa
ghdfala; (enter suddenly on) jttia
kwa haraka. .

—— n. mwendo wa nguvu; (of
water) mkondo; (sudden abun-
dance) wingi wa ghdfala; (reed)
nyasi | ma- |).

Rusk, n. kama Biscuit.

Russet, a. (rangi nussu nyekundu,
nussu Nyeusi |.

Rust, n. kutu.

—— v. pata |ingia|) kutu, liwa, oza,

Rustic, a. -a mashamba, -a kukaa
Shambant,-shenzt, -baya,-sioadabu,
58 2Urt.

n. mkulima (| wa-), mkaa sha-
mbani, mjinga.

Rusticate, v. shinda shamba ; (dis-
miss) ondosha, hamisha.

Rustication, n. kuondosha, kuondo-
shwa.

Rusticity, n. ujinga, ushenzi, ugeni,
ukosefu wa

Rustle, v. piga mtakaso, vuma | kama
majani kwa upepo|, gugurusha.

Rustling, n. mfakaso,

Rusty, a. nyt kutu, -a kuchakaa.

But, n. shimo (njiani, palipopita
magart), mfuo |mi-). Pape?

844
Run- | Ruthless, a. pasipo huruma, -kait,
koro,

SACRIFICE

Rye, n. tama ngano |j.

8.

Sabbatarian, n. (mwenyi kualhimi-
sha juma a mosi, si juma a pili ;
aathimishaye mno juma a pili kwa
kujinyima mengi).

Sabbath, n. (siku ya kustarehe ki-
yahudi, siku ya saba ndio juma a
most; (Sunday) juma a pili).

Sabbatio, a. -4 Sabbath.

Sable, a. -e4st.

—— n. [myama ndogo yenyi manyoya
meusi |.

Sabre, n. kifara [vi-].

—— v. kata (chinja | kwa kitara.

Sac, n. kifuko.

Saccharine, a. -a sukalt, kama su-
kali.

Sacerdotal, a. -a kasisi.

Sacerdotalism, n. (Tabia ya ukasisi,
utawala wa makasisi).

Sachel, n. mkoba | mi-), mfuko | mi-).

Sack, n. mfuko |(mi-), gunia (ma- |);
(plunder) kuteka, ukumbo.

— v. teha, kumba, haribu; (dis-
miss) ondosha.

“| Sackbut, n. | kama sere, kama panda),

Sackcloth, Sacking, n. gunia, Nguo

ya gunia.
Sacrament, n. (siri ya dini ya
kimasihiya, sakramenti, siri;

(Eucharist) Usharika Mtakatifu).
Sacramental, a. -4 Sacrament.
Sacramentary, n. (kitabu chenyi

habari ya utaratibu na sala za

Sacrament |.

Sacred, a. wakfu ,-liowekwa wakfu,-a
Muungu, -a dint, -a heshima sana,
-a kuathimishwa, -takatifu, -kuu.

Sacredness, n. kuwa wakfu, 8c.

Bacrifice, n. #tabihu, kafara, toleo;
(victim) mathabuha; (offering) sa-
daka; (incurring loss) toa | kua-
cha, kutupa, kufisha kitu | makusu-
di; (selt-imposed loss) | kifu £2/3-
chotolewa, &c., makusudi; (cheap
bargain) kifu kilichouzwa rahisi,
kuuza rahisi),

SACRIFICE 345

Sacrifice, v. oa thahthu, kafara, &c.;
(incur loss of) zoa | acha, tupa, fisha
kitu) makusudi, jinyima; (sell
cheap) usa rahisi.

Sacrificial, a. -4 Sacrifice, n.

Sacrilege, n. | jambo la kumchukiza
Muungu, kukufurisha matakalifu,
kutumia vibaya iliyo wakfu).

Sacrilegious, a. -a Sacrilege, -baya
sana.

Sacristan, n. (mngoje wa kanisa
mwenyi kutunza vyombo vitaka-
tifu, Src.).

Sad, a. -a huzuni, -sito, -a kutia
huzuni, -a msiba.

Sadden, v. husunisha, sikilisha, tia
uchungu.

Saddening, a. -a kutia huzuni.

Saddle, n. [4:42 cha juu ya frasi),
(Ar.) serujz; (donkey's) khorji,
landtko.

v. tandika, tia matandiko.

Saddler, n. mwusa matandiko ya
Srast, &c.

Saddlery, n. matandiko ya frasi.

Sadness, n. husunt, uzilo.

Safe, a. salama, salamu salimint,
pasipo hatari, -sima; (certain)
yakini, hakika, -sio mashaka;
(trustworthy) amini, -a salama;
(sound) ¢haditi. He is a safe
guide (judge, speculator), ame-
Sunguliwa heri.

— n. kasha la chuma (la kuwekea
Jetha, &c.), kasha la nguvu sana.
Safe-conduct, n. cheti [cha husa-

Sirisha salamu), ruksa kupita.

Safeguard, n. (protection) Aamaya;
(security)( kifucha kufanya salamu,
cha kulinda katika hatari), kinga.

Safeness, n. hali ya kuwa salamu,
pasipo hataré; (trustworthiness,
soundness) amint, uthabiti, uzima.

Safety, n. salamu, salama (Tas.
Safeness).

Safety-lamp, n. (Zaa ya kutumika
katika Mine}.

Safety-valve, n. [Ai/ango cha mvuke
katika Steam-engine, ésip~ate ku-
pasuka |.

Saffron, n. zafarani.

SALESMAN

Saga, n. | tadithi za kale sa Norway).

Sagacious, a, -a busara, -a akili,
hodari.

Sagacity, n. busara ,akili, utambuzi.

Sage, a. -a kekima sana.

n. mwenyi hekima nyingi;
(vegetable) [mboga ya kukolea
chakula).

Sageness, n. kekima nyingi.

Sago, n. (mti kama mtende ; moyo
wa mli huo, kama uwanga, sego).

Said, p. t. ka pf. t. ya Say.

Sail, n. tanga (ma-). Make (set)
sail, weka. Strike sail, zwa.

v. (move by sails) enda ([ende-
sha) kwa tanga; (make a voyage)
safiri merikebuni, pita baharini;
(start on voyage) ‘weka, funga sa-
Jari chomboni; (move smoothly)
enda upesi (sawasawa, kama kwa
mabawa ao kwa tanga).

Bail-cloth, n. £itali.

Sailing, n. kwenda kwa tanga, 8c.
(Zaz. Bail, v.).

—-a.-a kwenda kwa tanga, &c. A
sailing vessel ,merikebu ya matanga.

Sailor,n. daharia, mwanamaji(wa-).

Saint, n. | mtakatifu | wa- | aliyeingia
peponi), walii, mta wa | wa-),sufi;
(good man) mfu mwema sana.

Sainted, a. -‘akati/u; (deceased)
marehemu.

Saintlike, a. kama Saint.

Saintliness, n. utakatifu, uta wa.

Saintly, a. -¢ Saint, kama Saint.

Sake, n. For the sake of, kwa ajili
(maana, huja, hesabu) ya. For
my sake, unipendavyo.

Salaam, n. salamu.

—— Vv. salimu.

Salad, n. [majani ya kulika mabichi |.

Salamander, n. (fama chura, yenyi
kuhadithiwa haifi kwa moto).

Salary, n. mshahara, ijara, ujira.

Sale, n. (auction) mnaaa; (selling)
kuusanya, biashara, kutembeza bia-
shara, ubazazi. Be on sale, uza-
nya, tembezwa. It is not for sale,
hatuzi.

Saleable, a. -4 kuuzanya.

Salesman,n.dalali, mwusaji,mnadi.

BALIC LAW

Balic Law, n. (amri ya kusema,
“Mwananike asiwe mfaime'|.

Salient, a. -a kufokesa ; (important)
Aa maana, -kubwa, -a kuangaliwa.

Saline, a. -a chumvi,

Saliva, n. mate.

Salivary, a. -a mate.

Salivate, v. fanya mate mengi.

Salivation, n. kufoka mate mengi.

Sallow, a.-eupe | kama kwa ugonjwa).

Sally, v. /oka nje ya boma, tokea;
(go a walk) fembea.

— n. tokeo la ghdfala (la jeshi
vitani); (witticism) mzaha, ubishi.

Sallyport, n. kilango | bomani).

Salmon, n. (samaki msuri mtamu).

Saloon, n. (scébule kubwa, chumba
kirefu kizuri; (in ship) chumba
cha kulia merikebuni; (public)
chumba cha kuchezea ngoma, na
kunywea pombe, 8c. |.

Salt, n. chumvi; (an old sailor)
mwana bahari. Salts, Epsom salts,
chumvi khaluli. Smelling-salts,
(dawa ya.kunusa).

a.-@ chumvi, -a maji ya bahari.

—— v. kia chumvi, kolea kwa chumvi.

. Saltatory, a. -a kurukaruka, -a ku-
cheza ngomani.

Salt-cellar, n. (4idau chenyi chumvi
mezani).

Saltness, n. ulfamu wa chumvi,
chumvi.

Salt-pan, n. [shimo lenyi chumvi |,

Saltpetre, n. siura.

Salubrious, a. -4 usima, -a afya
njema, -a kutia afya, -a kuburu-
disha, -ema.

Salubrity, n. afya njema, uzima;
uzuri (wa kutia afya), hali njema
(kwa afya).

Salutary, a. -cma, -a kufaa, -zuri.

Salutation, n. salamu, maamkizi.

Salute, n. sa/amu; (by firing) mzz¢-
nga | bunduki) ya salamu.

——v. salimu,amkia, ambia ‘Jambo,’
sema ‘shikamu’; (by firing) piga
bunduki, piga mizinga ya salamu.

Salvation, n. wokovu, suudi,njema.

Salve, n. dawa ya kupaka.

Salver, n, sinia (ma- |, kombe (ma-).

346

SANDY

Salvo, n. (kupiga mizinga ya sala-
mu ao ya furaha), mizinga mingi.

Same, a. -moja, sawa, yule yule | ile
ile, &cc.]. All the same, mamoja,
haithuru; (nevertheless) /akini.

Sameness, n. umoja, sawa, mfano
mmoja, yale yale, vile vile; (mo-
notony) kuchosha, baridi, udufu.

Sample, n. namna, mfano, -moja
katika -ingi.

Sompler. n. kiolezo | cha kazi ya usho-
ni).

Sanatorium,n. (nyumba ya kuwekea
ao kuwaburudisha wagonjwa|.

Sanatory, a. -a2 kulia afya, -a ku-
tunza uzima.

Sanctification, n. utakaso, utfakati-
Ju, kutakasika.

Sanctify, v. fakasa, fanya -takatifu.

Sanctimonious, a. -4 kujifanya mtu
wa dini na mtakatifu, -nafiki.

Sanction, n. tthini, usahihi, uku-
bali, urathi.

v. ta ilhini, sahthtsha, kubali,
rethia.

Sanctity, n. utakatifu, usufit, uta’-
wa.

Sanctuary, n. mahali patakatifu,
mahali pa ibada, moskiti, kanisa
[ma-], hekalu [ma-]; (in a church)
| palipo mathbahu kanisani); (re-

uge) kimbilio [ma-].

Sand, n. mchanga; (fine) ufukwe;
(sandy shore) ufuko.

Sandal, n. kiatu [vi-], kiatu cha
ngozi.

Sandal-wood, n. sandali.

Sandfly, n. usubi.
Sandglass, n. (chupa lenyi mchanga
ndani, la kuonyesha saa ngapi).
SBandpaper,n. (| karatasi yenyi mcha-
nga ya kulainisha mbau|, msasa.
Sanapipers n. [wdege ndogo ya pwa-
nt).

Sandstone, n. vine la mchanga
uliogandamana |.

Sandwich, n. | vipande vya mkale na
nyama kalikati|.

Sandy, a. -a mchanga, -enyi mchanga
mwingi, -@ rangi ya mchanga ;
(of soil) Zifutifu,

ge aie

eet One

SANE 847

Bane, a. -enyi akili zake (zao, &c.),
-enyi afya. ;

Saneness, n. kuwa Sane.

Sang, p. t. ya Sing.

Sanguinary, a. -kali, -a kufisha
watu wengi, -a damu.

Sanguine, a. -tumaini,-a kutazamia
mema tu, -a bidii,

Sanitary, a. -a kufia afya, -a mambo
ya afya, kwa ajili ya afya.

Sanitation, n. kufia afya, maarifa
ya mambo ya afya, kufanya mengi
kwa ajili ya afya.

Sanity, n. kuwa na akili nzima,
akili, busara.

Sank, p. t. ya Sink.

Sanskrit, a. [/ugha ya Wahindi wa
kale).

Sap, n. maji | ya mili, majani, Stc.),
utomvu; (in war) shimo | jandaki,
ya kupenyezea watu hatta boma la
adui|. .

v. fukua mashimo (handaki)
chini ya, ondoa misinji ya ; (weak-
en) thoofisha, ondoa nguvu.

Sapience, n. busara, akili, ujuzi.

Sapient, a. -a Sapience.

Sapling, n. mti (mt-) mdogo, mti
mchanga.

Saponaceous, a. -4 sabuni, kama
sabuni; (flattering) -a kujipende-
keza. .

Sapphire, n. | jyokari ya thamani,
sana, yenyi rangi ya samawali |.
Saracen, n. Mwislamu [wa-] wa

kale.

Sarcasm, n. [eno la kuchokoza ao la
kuchoma moyo|, uchokozi, neno
chungu, jibu kali, ubishi, mafusi.

Sarcastic, a. -4 Sarcasm, -kafi.

Sarcophagus, n. [ime la kuwekewa
mayitt ndani, kama sanduku ku-
bwa ya jiwe).

Sardine, n. (samaki ndogo lamu
sana |.

Sardonic, a. Sardonic smile (or
laughter), (kucheka kwa uchungu,
st kwa furaha).

Sardonyx, n. (kilo kama Onyx].

Sash, n. mshipi (mi-|), mahazamu,
masombo, ukumbuu; (of win-

SATUBNALIA

dow) (dirisha la kuinuka -na
kushuka).

Sat, p. t. na pf. t. ya Sit.

Satan, n. Shetant, Iblis.

Satanic, a. -a shetani, -a kishetani.

Satchel, n. mkoba [mi-], mfuko
(mi-), bahasha.

Sate, Satiate, v. shibisha, kinaisha,
vimbisha.

Satellite, n. mfuasi [wa-] mnyonge,
mwandani [wa-}; (star) | nyota
mtoto).

Satiation, Satiety, n. kushiba, ku-
jivimbisha, shibe, ukinaifu, wingi.

Satin, n. ttalassi, kariri.

Satin-wood, n. (tt laint wa ku-
ng'aa kama italasst|,

Satire, n. (ridicule) Ziziaka, mzaha,
ubishi; (invective) ukali, masuto,
matuso, maneno ya kushutuniia
kwa ukali ; (humour) kuchekesha.

Satirical, a. -a Satire.

Satirise, v. fanyia Satire, thihahi,
cheka, sula.

Satisfaction, n. kurithisha, kurilhi-
ka; (contentment) urathi, raha
mstarehe ; (payment) malipo, mali-
pizi; (revenge) kisasi; (atonement)
kipatanisho ; (for murder) dia. It
gave him great satisfaction, . z/2-
mkalia tamu sana,

Satisfactory, a. -a kurithisha, -a
kutosha, -a kuthubutisha, &c.;
(sound, trustworthy) amini, -enys
sifa njema, -suri.

Satisfied, a. rathz; (with food) -enyi
kushiba. Feel quite satisfied, ki-
nat.

Satisfy,v. rilhisha, tuliza, tia urathi,
ondolea mashaka, sterthisha, tosha ;
(with food) skzs¢sha ; (with money)

zpa.
Satrap, n. [wali wa kiajjemi wa
kale}.

Saturate, v. nywesha maji mengi, lo-
wesha kabisa, jaltza, nywesha sana.

Saturation, n. [ali ya kunyweshwa
maji mengi, &c. (Tas. Saturate) |.

Saturday, n. Juma a mest.

Saturn, n. (sayari moja) zohals (Ar.).

Saturnalia, n. | siku kuu kama siku

SATURNINE

‘ya mwaka, siku ya kufanya yo yote,
kucheza, kulewa, jeuri, Sc. |).

Saturnine, a. -zzf0, -kali, -korofi.

Satyr, n. (zimwi la mwitu, jini).

Sauce, n. mchusi; (impudence)
ujuvi, ubishi, ufithuls,

Saucepan, n. (metal) sufuria | ndogo,
ya mkono\; (earthen) chungu [vy-}.

Saucer, n. sakani ndogo, kisahani.

Saucily, adv. kwa ubishi, 8c. ( Taz.
Saucy).

Sauciness, n. ubisht, ujuvi, Sc.

Saucy, a. -juvi, -bishi, -cheshi,
fthuls.

Saunter, v. ‘embea, zunguka, enda
polepole, tanga.

— n. matembesi, kujienda.

Sausage, n. [waandast ya nyama
tliyokolewa, zaidi nguruwe).

Savage, a.-kali, -uaji, nduli; (rude)
-shenzt; (desolate) pasipo watu,
ukiwa.

n. mshenzi [wa- |.

Savageness, Savagery, n. ukali,
ushenzi; (desolation) ukiwa.

Savannah, n. poli (ma-), pululu
(ma-|, nyika | ma-].

Save, v. okoa, ponya; (reform) rudt-
Sha, tuliza; (economize) kadsthz,
weka akiba, weka; (relieve) achilia,
punguzia kazi. Save trouble,
expense, &c., punguza kazi | ghara-
ma, Stc.), sayidta, faa.

Saving, Save, prep. tila, isipokuwa,
Japo, ghairi ya.

n. kukata gharama, kujiwekea

akiba, ukabithi.

a. -a kuokoa, &c. (Tas. Save).

Savings, n. akiba ya malt, mapato.

Savings Bank, n. [Bank ya duwe-
kea mali).

Saviour, n. mwokozi [wa-].

Savour, n. /uthiha, utamu.

Savoury, a. -famu, -a kunukia, -a
kutamanisha, -liokolewa.

Saw, n. msumeno ; (maxim) neno la
Jumbo, mithali.

v. pasua kwa msumeno.

—— p. t. ya See.

Sawdust, n. (unga wa mbau, unga
wa mits).

848

SCAMPER

Saw-fish, n. (samaki mwenyi mdomo
kama msumeno), papa upanga.

Saw-mill, n. (kinu cha kupasulia
mbau, magogo, Sc.|.

Sawn, pf. t. ya Saw.

Saw-pit, n. (shimo la kupasulia
mba |.

Sawyer, n. mpasua mbau.

Saxon, n. (Mwingereza wa kale}.

Say, v. (p.t.#a pf. t. Said) sema,
nena. Say to, ambia. They say,
It is said, kusema. Soto say, kama
vile. Say, (perhaps) kwenda, labu-
da, kama. ‘That is to say, maana
yake, yaani. I don't say, Not to
say, /tcha, sembuse. Come along,
I say, njoo saa, twende wee.

Saying, n. neno [ma-], neno la fu-
mbo, methali.

Scab, n. kigaga (zi-).

Scabbard, n. ala (Inyala), uo [nyuo].

Scabby, a. -enyz Scab.

Scaffold, Scaffolding, n. (building)
Jukwaa | ma- |, dungu |ma-), maje-
ngo. Die on the scaffold, kuka-
twa kitwa | kusongwa, wazi mbele
ya watu).

Scald, v. unguza, choma, washa
(wa maji ya moto). Scalding

ot, -@ moto sana.

Scale, n. (measuring instrument) | £2-
pande cha kupimia cheo ao kadiri);
(measure, degree) cheo, kadiri;
(music) jami: ya sauti nane); (of

sh) gamba [ma-]; (of metal,
mineral) mavi. Scales, misani;
(dish) Astanga (vi-). On a large
scale, Awa vikubwa. On a small
scale, kwa vidogo.

v. panda, kwea hatta juu ya;
(remove scales) faa magamba.

Scalene, a. (triangle) -enys pande
sole tatu si sawa.

Scallop, n. (kombe ya pwant).

Scalp, n. [gost ya kikwani yenyi
nyele,kishungi na ngosi yake |, utosi.

— v. [hata shungi na ngozi yake).

Soalpel, n.kisu [cha kasi ya mganga |.

Soaly, a. -enys magamba.

Scamper, v. enda mbio mbio, kimbia
kwa tadi (chap-chap), puruka.

SCAN

Scan, v. angalia, chungulia, tazamia;
(of verses) (angalia mashairi kama
yanakwenda vema na sawasawa,
mashairi kwenda vema sawasawe |.

Scandal, n. [eno baya la kuchukiza |,.

laksiri, neno la aibu, masingizio,
maongezi mabaya, kikwazo,

Scandalize, v. chukiza, kosesha,
kwaza.

Scandalous, a. -4 Scandal.

Scansores, a. (ndege za kupanda
mitt kwa miguu|.

Scant, Scanty, a. -chache, haba,
kidogo. -

Scantiness, n. uchache, ukosefu.

Scapegoat, n. (mbuzi mwenyi kuwe-
kewa thambi za watu kiyahudi,
kitu kilichotiwa hatiyani mahali
pa ao badala ya watu wabaya, cha
kusukumiziwa makosa).

Scapegrace, n. -baya, -potofu, -baa

ma- |).

Scapular, n. kombe la mkono.

Scar, n. kovu (ma-].

Scarce, a. haba, -chache, shidda,
ghali,

Scarcely, adv. shidda, si sana, kidogo.

Scarceness, Scarcity, n. siidda,
uchache, njaa.

Scare, v. slusha, ogofya, tisha; (drive
away) fukuza.

—— n. hofu, fathaa,

Scarecrow, n. kitisho, kinyago.

Scarf, n. (for waist) deuli, mahaza-
mu; (for shoulders) shkadz.

Scarify, v. chanja, piga mtat, pa-
pura, toja.

Soarlet, n. (rangi nyekundu kama
bendera ao damu |, wekundu.

a. -chundu.
Scatheless, a. pasifo hasara [ma-
thara\,
Scatter, v. fawanya, tapanya;

(sprinkle) mwaga, nyunyiza, ra-

sha; (disperse) za huko na

huko; (bring to nothing) datilisha,

haribu. Be scattered (dotted

about) here and there, fapakaa.
Scavenger, n. [mtu mwenyi kufagia

njia na kuondoa taka zote na ki-
fusi].

$49

SCHOLAR

Scene, n. [sehemu ya mchezo katika
Theatre; matengeneo ya mchezo
kama vinyago, mambo ya mchezo);
(things seen) mambo yenyewe,
mambo yaliyooneka, vitu, hakika ya
vitu; (place) mahali | palipofa-
nyika mambo |; (view) sura ya inchi;
(striking sight) jambo la kutaza-
misha, tamasha; (disturbance) ma-
mbo ya ugomvi (hasira, huzuni),
(mambo ya kutia kishindo ao fa-
haa). Be behind the scenes, jua
siri.

Scenery, n. fabia ya inchi, sura ya
smchi; (theatrical) [matengeneo ya
mchezo wa Theatre |.

Scenic, a. -a Scene.

Scent, n. marashi, manuka, nukato
[ma-], harufu; (faculty of smell)
akili ya kunusa, nguvu ya kusikia
harufu; (track) njia, nyayo, dalili.
Scent-bottle, mrashi. Be on the
scent, fuata nyayo | kwa kunusa),
pata dalili.

— v. tia manukato katika, tia
marashi; (as a dog) nukiza, nusa.

Sceptic, n. mfu wa Scepticism.

Sceptical, a. -2 Sceptic.

Sceptically, adv. kama Sceptic.

Scepticism, n. | kushika na kuonya
mashaka, kusema “Sijui kama
Muungu yuko, sijui kama mambo
ya imani ni hakika”), mashaka.

Sceptre, n. fimbo ya mfalme, dalili
ya enzi; (sovereignty) enzi.

Schedule, n. hati, daftari, hesabu,
taarifu.

Scheme, n. shauri | ma- |), kusudi,nia.

— v. fanya shauri, waza, kusudia.

Schemer, n. mtoa mashauri mengi,
mtu wa hila.

Scheming, a. -4 mashauri mengi,
-erevu, -a hila.

Schism, n. (mtengano wa watu
wenyi imani moja |.

Schismatic, a. -4 kushika Bohism..

Schist, n. (jiwe gumu la kung'aa
lenyi kupasuka upesi |.

Scholar, n. (learner) mwana | wa-|
chuont, mwanafunczt ;(learned man)
mwalimu (wa-), mtaalamu (wa-],

SCHOLARLY

mtu wa kulewa vema; (miu mwe-
nyi Scholarship (endowment) }.

Scholarly, a. -4 ¢elimu, -a akili,
-surt, halisi,

Scholarship, n. (learning) elimu;
(endowment of learner) (malipizi
ya mwana chuoni, fetha anayopewa
apale kudumia mafundisho).

Scholastic, a. -2 Scholar, School-
men; (leamed) -a elimu nyingi;
(abstruse) -a fumbo, -gumu kust-
hi

a.
Scholiast, n. [ mwandikaji wa Bcho-
um}.

Scholium, n.[ma/afanusi ya maneno
ya vitabu vya kale}.

School, n. (nyumba mnamosomesha
watoto na kufundishwa), madrasa,
chuoni, chuo; (schoolboys) jamtt
ya waanafunzi, waana chuoni;
(sect, opinions) mathehebu, mafu-
ndisho; (followers) wafuasi; (of
fish) kundi [ma-)], wingi. He has
learnt in the school of experience,

' amejua mambo ya ulimwengu.

— v. fundisha, ongoza, rudi.
Schoolman, n. (mwalimu wa kale,
A.D. 1000-1500, kafika Ulaya|.
Schoolmaster,n. (mkuu wa School],

mwalimu | wa-).

Schooner, n. | jahkazt ya milingote
miwili |.

Sciatica, n. (ugonjwa wa mshipa wa
upaja mbele ukiuma)|.

Science, n. (true knowledge) simu,
maarifa, ujuzi wa hakika, elimu
ya kweli ; (physics) elimu ya ult-
mwengu na viumbe vyote; maarifa
ya jamii ya vitu fullani; (men of
science) wafu wa elimu. The
science of Geology, maarifa ya

. mawe. Science tells us, waalimu
wa akili husema.

Scientific, a. -a Science, -j43t.

Scimitar, n. kifara [v:-].

Scintillate, v. melamela.

Scintillation, n. kumetameta, kime-
tameta.

Sciolism, n. ujuvi, elimu kidogo.

Sciolist, n. mjuvi | wa-|.

Scion, n. mtoto (wa- |), mwana | wa-).,

850

SCOURGE

Scissors, n. Pair of scissors, makasi.

Scoff, v. Zhihaki, bishia, cheka.

— n. neno la thihaka Ja kutharau).

Scoffer, n. miu wa thtkaka, mtu wa
tharau,

Scold, v. ktaripia, kemea, shutumu.

—— n. [mwanamke mkorofi mwenyi
kukaripia, &c. }.

Sconce, n. (kipande cha kukasia me- —
shmaa ukutani, mwango).

Scoop, n. (metal) kombe, ukombo,
bambo; (ladle) kata [ma-], upawa
(Zawa); (spoon) mwiko ( mi-).

v. (hollow out) komba ; (by dig-
ging) fukua ; (of water) kumba.
Scope, n. (range, room) eneo, upco,
nafasi, mahal; (power) nguvu,

akili; (purpose) shauri, kusudi.

Scorbutic, a. -a Scurvy.

Scorch, v. unguza, choma, umiza
Bara) kwa moto.

Score, n. (account) #esabu ; dae Y

asharint, korja; (line) mfuo | mi-
landiko la, harufu sa, Music).
On the score of, kwa sababu ya.
Scores, wingi.

——v. pata hesabu, pata fayida;
(cut into) kata, chora. Score off,
shinda, fayidia.

Scorer, n. mwandikaji wa hesabu,
(za mchezoni).

Scoria, n. mavi ya chuma, takataka
2a madini, mawe yaliyoyeyuka.

Scorn, n. tharau, ththaka, kiburi.

v. tharau, tweea, cheka.

Scorner, n. mwenyi kutharau, mfu
wa kiburi.

Scornful, a. -a kutharau. Scormful
abuse, matusi.

Scorpion, n. "nge.

Scet, Scotchman, n. (mfu wa Scot-
land}.

Scot-free, a. pasi~o hasara, salamu
salimini, pasipo kulipa.

Scoundrel, n. mis mbaya kabisa,
vagat, baa.

Scour, v. sugua sana, safisha kwa
kusugua, parusa; (pass quickly
over) pua mito.

Scourge, n. mjeledi |mi- |) wa ngost ;
(punishment) athabu, malipo, hi-

SCOURGE
lague) pigo [ma-], msiba

mi-j.

Scourge, v. figa, rudi, palfiliza,
athibisha.

Scout, n. mpelelezi |wa-), mdukisi
[wa-]; (servant) mtumishi [wa-].

v. peleleza incht; (disdain, re-
ject) cheka, tharau, kataa kabisa.

Scowl, v. kunja uso, tazama vikali.

——n. uso wa kukunjamana, uso
mkali.

Sorag, n. | kipande kibaya |).

Soraggy, a. -baya, -embamba, -a
kukonda, -goftu, -chache.

Scramble, v. enda kwa miguu na
mikono, enda kwa shidda, tambaa;
(struggle) songana, shindana.

—— n. uchafuko, fujo, mwendo wa
shidda, mashindano.

Scrap, n. kipande kidogo ; (of food)
kombo | ma-|.

Sorape, v. para, paruza ; (outside)
puna, (of fish, vegetables) faa;
(inside) kwangua, komba, (of cocoa-
nut) kuna. Scrape along, Awarusa,
enda kwa shidda. Scrape past,
ambaa. Scrape together, kusanya
kwa shidda, pata kwa nguvu.
Scrape acquaintance, jifendekeza.

n. uparuzo, &c. (Taz. Scrape,
v.) 3 (difficulty) shidda, mashaka,
hatari,msiba|mi-). Beinascrape,
kwama.

Scraper, n. (mfu wa, kifu cha, ku-
paruza, &c. (Tas. Scrape, v.)},
kisu, ukombe, mbuzi, Sc,

Scrapings, n. matakato, makombo,

" vidogo, takataka.

Scrappy, a. vévi hivi, ovyo, -siole-
ngenea,

Scratch, n. mfai (mi-), choro [ma-],
mfuo (mi-)|; (in games) mstari | pa
kuanzia), mwanzo; (tattoo) kojo.
Come tothe scratch, ;weka tayari,
shika kazi, kaza shauri.

”.— a. -@ bahati, -a watu wo
wote, ovyo.

— v. kuna, kunyua, piga mtai, pa-
pura, pelekea makucha; (tattoo) toa,
chanja; (with tool, pen, &c.) chora ;
(in racing) toa katika mchezo; (like

Sasi; (
7 u

351

SCRIPTURAL

a horse, fowl, &c.) para. Scratch
out, futa. Scratch a hole, fukua.

Scrawl, v. andika vibaya, chora.

—— n. mwandiko mbaya, mchoro. -

Scream, n. £i/to cha nguvu; (for
help) kiowe (vi-); (for joy) kigele-
gele |vi-|.

—— v. piga Screan, Za.

Screech, n. na v. kama Scream.

Screech-owl, n. bundi.

Screen, n. kisetirt, kifuniko, kificho,
ukingo; (wall) £:wambasza; (shield)
ngao, kigao; (hanging) pasta;
(something stretched tight) Azwa-
mbo; (concealment) kificho, maficho;
(forsifting)| kama kayamba kubwa).

——v. selirt, funika, ficha; (protect)
lenda, okoa, tunza, hifathe.

Screw, n. parafujo; (of ship) [ Zaz.

Screw-propeller], pepeo, cherche,
mapanga; (miser) bakhili, mtoza
fetha nyingi, mgumu. A screw
loose, kipunguo, kosa; (mental)
kichaa. Put thescrew on,/azimisha,
kaza.

—— v. #ia Sorew, kaza kwa Screw ;
(squeeze) songa; (extort) Zosa
|/etha ao kazi kwa nguvu), lasi-
misha. Screw up courage, piga
moyo konde, kaza moyo.

Screw-driver, n. (kipande cha sere-
mala cha kuzungushia parafujo).

Screw-propeller, n. | gurudumu la
nyuma la kuendesha merikebu ya
mosht |, cherehe, pepeo, mapanga.

Screw-steamer, n. [merzkebu ya mo-
shi yenyi Screw-propeller}, melt.

Scribble, v. andika upesi, andika
vibaya, chora.

—— n. mwandiko wa haraka, mwa-
ndiko mbaya, mchoro.

Scribbler, n. mwandika ovyo, mwa-
ndishi hafifu, mchorachora.

Scribe, n. mwandishi (| wa-), karani
[ma-]), katibu.

Sorimmages, n. mapigano, macha-

fuko.
Sorip, n. hats, chetz; (wallet) kifuko,
mkoba. .
Scriptural,a.-4 Scripture, | -enyz ku-
patana na maneno ya Scripture},

. SCRIPTURE

Scripture, n. | maandiko matakatifu,
jamii ya vitabu vya kanuni vya
kimasihiya, maneno ya Bible).

Scrivener, n. mwandishi (wa-],
karani | ma-), katibu. |

Scrofula, n. | gonjwa wa kuvimba
shingoni na vifungoni|, halula,
marathi ya mti.

Scrofulous, a. -enyi Scrofula, -a
Sorofula.

Scroll, n. [hati ya kukunjika, hati
ndefu).

Scrub, n. msifu, koko, makoko, ma-
Suu.

—— Y, SULUA SANA.

Sorubby, 2. -enyi Scrub; (slight,
paltry) -nyonge, hafi{u,-dogo,-baya.

Scruple, n. shaka (ma-|, waswas,
shidda; (measure) (kipimo kidogo
cha uzito chenyt 20 Grains).

— v. si kubali, st penda, st rithia.
He scruples to go, Lataki kwenda,
aenda kwa shidda.

Scrupulous, a. -a kutaka hakika,
-a kufanya barabara, -a hathari,
halist; (exacting) -enyi mifundo
[Austta, hofu), -bishi, chaguzi.

Scrupulousness, Scrupulosity, n.
kuwa Scrupulous, uangalifu.

Scrutinize, v. chungulia, angalia
sana, tasamia.

Scrutiny, n. kuchungulia, Sc.

Soud, n. ukungu, umande, kiwingu.

-— v. chukuliwa upesi na pepo.

Scuffle, n. upomu:i, mapigano, ma-
shindano.

v. shindana, pigana.

Soull, n. kasia | ma-) dogo.

v. piga kasia.

Bouller, n. mpiga kasia.

Scullery, n. | pa kuoshea sahani na
vyombo vya kupikia|.

Sculptor, n. fundi wa kuchora [wa
nakshi|.

Sculpture, n. mchoro, kazi ya ku-
chora, nakshi, sanamu ya mchoro.

Scum, n. povu, fuo, takataka za juu
(ya maji, Sc. |) kufu, koga, gaga.

Soupper, n. | kitundu mbavuni mwa
merikebu na sitahani cha kuchuru-
eskia maji), kipenyo.

852

” SEAM

Sourf, n. viguga.

Scurrility, n. matukano, matusi.

Scurrilous, n. -akutukana,-a matust.

Sourvily, adv. vibaya.

Scurvy, n.[ugonjwa kama Scrofula |.

a. -myonge, -baya.

Scuttle, n. |Zundu mbavuni mwa
merikebu ao sttahanit la kupenya
watu|; (for coals) kopo (ndoo, ya
kuweka makaa).

—— v. kimbia, fanya haraka; (cause
to sink) [samisha chombo kwa
kutoboa chini). j

Scythe, n. mundu | mi-, mkubwa wa
kukatia majani).

Sea, n. bakari; (wave) wimbi (ma- |;
(abundance) wingi; (disturbances)
machafuko. At sea, baharini;
(perplezred)-enyi mashaka. Heavy
sea, mawimbi makubwa. Go to
sea, -wa baharia.

Sea-anemone, n. | manyama kama ua
likiota baharini).

Sea-board, Sea-coast, n. nchi kari-
bu ya bahari, upande wa pwani.
Sea-faring, a. -enyi kazi chomboni,
-a aa baharini, -a bahari.
Sea-faring men, waanamaji, maba-

haria.

Sea-girt, a. -ozungukwa na bahari.

Sea-green, a. -a rangi ya bahari.

Sea-horse, n. = Walrus.

Sea-kale, n. | mboga ya pwans |.

Sea-king, n. [Aaramia wa Norway
zamani).

Seal, n. muhuri (muhuri, mihuri),
chapa, alama; (sanction) usakzhz,
tthint, ruksa; (animal) | nyama wa
bahari yenyi ngosi ya manyoya
mazuri sana).

v. tea muhuri, &c. Seal up,
ziba, funga.

Sealer, n. | mtu, ao chombo, wa kuwi-
ndia Seal).

Sea-level,n.(sawanajuuyabahars|.

Sealing, n. kuwinda Seal |nyama|.

Sealing-wax, n. /akiri.

Sea-lion, n. (nyama wa bahari kama
Seal |.

Seam, n. mshono [mi-|; (tacked)
bandi; (strong) jongo; (hemmed)

‘SEAMAN

' upindo: (of coal, metal) (makaa,
madini katika mwamba |); (inships)
kiungo, ufa (kati ya mbau).

Seaman, n. baharia, mwana maji
(wa-)J.

Seamanship, n. maarifa ya kazi ya
jahazi.
Seamstress, n. mshoni | mwanamke).

Seamy, a. -baya, -kukuu.

Bear, v. choma, unguza, kausha, fa-
nya -kavu.

Search, v. Zafufa katika, pekua, pele-
leza, sapa. Search for, Zafuta, ta-
zamia.

n. kutafuta, upelelesi, 8c.

Searcher, n. mwenyi kutafuta, mpe-
lelezi, mpekuzi.

Searching, a. -a kujaribia zote, -a
kupenya ndani, -kalt.

Search-light, n. (Zaa kubwa ya ku-
ng'azsa usiku).

Search-warrant, n. ruksa ya serkali
(kutafuta ndani ya nyumba)l.

Sea-room,n. |kuwa mbali na pwani|.

Sea-serpent, n. joka kubwa la ba-
hari.

Seashore, n. #kingo wa bakari,
ufuko. On the seashore, Pwani.

Seasick, a. -enyi Sea-sickness.

Sea-sickness, n. ugonjwa (laabu)
ya bakari, kuchafuka tumbo (kuta-
pika) chomboni, kulewa bakari.

Seaside, n. upande wa pwani, ukingo
wa bahari. At the seaside, Jwanz.

Season, n. wakati, wakati wa mwa-
ka, majira, muhulla, The seasons,
pembe za mwaka.- It is in season,
ni wakali wake, yapatitkana. The
wet season, masika, siku sa mvua.
The cold season, kipupwe.

——-v. (food) koleka, unga, tia kitoweo,
tia kiungo; (fit for use) fengeneza,
tia dawa; (accustom) soesa.

Seasonable, a. -2 kufaa, kwa wakati
wake, sawasawa.

Seasoning, n. kukolea, Sc. (Taz.
Season, v.), kitoweo, ktungo.

Seat, n. (chair, stool, &c.) keti (2i-1;
(of earth, stone, &c.) baraza, kiba-
raza; (stone bench) ufunga ; (but-
tocks) matako; (on horseback)

853

SECRET

kupanda frasi; (residence) nyu-
mba, mahali, pa kukalia, kikao,
makazi. Take a seat, keti, kaa
kitako.

Seat, v. ketisha, kalisha, weka, -pa
kiti, wekea viti, Seat oneself, kaa
kitako, keli, starehe. 1 am seated,
nimekaa.

Seaward, a. -a upande wa bahari.

Seaweed,n. mwani, maua ya pwani.

Seaworthiness, n. kuwa Sea-
worthy.

Seaworthy, a. (of ship) -zima, -ema,
-a kwenda baharini.

Secede, v. jitenga, jitoa, farakana,
ondoka.

Seceder, n. mwenyi kujitenga, &c.

Secession, n. kujifenga.

Beclude, v. tenga, funga, farakisha.

Secluded, a. -a faragha, -a mbali, .
pasipo watu, -a uta wa.

Seclusion, n. faragha, hujitenga,
maficho, upweke, uta wa. Live in
seclusion (indoors), Za wa, jitenga.

Second, a. -a pili, -a baadaye, -a
mbele,-a chini. On second thoughts,
baadaye, kisha kufikiri. It is
second to none, haipitikani kabisa,
hakuna bora zaidi.

—— n. (supporter) rafiki, msayidia ;
(moment) dakika, nussu dakika.
| sehemu yasettini ya Minute moja |
In a second, ghdfala, marra moja.
Second hand, (mkono wa saa wenyi
kuonyesha Second |,

v. sayidia, tia moyo, sema ma-
moja na, taka mamoja na.

Secondary, a. -dogo, hafifu, -baya,
st bora; (succeeding) -a kufuata,
-a namna ya pili, -a baadaye.

Seconder, n. mwenyi kusayidia
(Zaz. Second, v.).

Second-hand, a. s5# -pya, -liokwisha
tumtka, -a kuuzwa marra ya pili.

Secondly, adv. ya pili, tena, baadaye.

Second-sight, n. utabirt, akili ya
kujua yatakayokuja, uaguzi.

Secrecy, n. siri, faragha, maficho,
kusetiri.

Secret, n. s2738, jambo la siri, fumbo.
In secret, kwa siri, faraghani.

Aa

SECRET

Secret, a. -a siri, -a faragha; (faith-
ful) -a kushika sirt, amini. —

Secretary, n. katibu, karani, mwa-
ndishi |wa-|. Secretary of State,
waziri | ma- |.

Secrete, v. fanya | fanytza] Seore-
tion; (hide) ficha, setire.

Secretion, n. | kifu cho chote (maji,
damu, mate, shahamu, belghama,
yo yote) kilichofanyizwa ndani ya
mwili wa mwenyi usima, nyama,
mdudu, mmea, &c.; kufanya ao
kufanyiza ndani ya mwili); (hid-
ing) kuficha, kusetiri.

Secretly, adv. kwa siri.

Secretory, a. -a kufanya Secretion.

Sect, n. mathehkebu, mathhabu, watu
wenyt shauri moja; (religious)
(jamii ya watu waltotengana na
Aanisa la kimasihiya |). |

Sectar'‘an, a. -a Sect.

Sectarianism,n.| kufuafanana Sect, |

kupendana na Sect |.

Sectary, n. [wf wa Sect).

Section, n. mkato (mi-), sehemu,
fungu | ma-), nussu; (of soldiers)
kikosi |cha asikari); (of book)
Jusuu, fungu (ma-), gombo |(ma-|).

Sectional, a. -a Section.

Sector, n. (of circle) (sehemu ya
duara kati ya Radius mbil).

Secular, a. (worldly) -@ ulimwengu
huu (sto -a dini); (lay) -a watu
tu [sto -a padre); (profane) ka-
ma walimwengu, -@ matumizi ya
siku zole; (periodical) -a@ miaka
mingi, -a wakali wake.

Secularism, n. [¢abta na desluri si-
lizo Secular, fabia ya ulimwengu |.

Secularity, n. | sali ya kuwa Secular |.

Secularisze, v. fanya Secular, senga
na mambo ya dint, twalia Kanisa
(mali, &c.).

Securable, a. (to be made safe) -a
kufanyika salama; (to be made
fast) -a kukastka; (to be pot) -a

. kupatikana.

Secure, a. (safe) salanu, pasipo hofu,
pasipo mashaka; (reliable) amini,
-aminifu; (certain, sure) -a kakika,
yakini, thabiti,

354

‘SEEDLING

Secure, v. weka salamu, tunza, linda;
(fasten) funga, kaza; (get) pata,
Jipatia, miliki.

Security, n. salama, raha, kustarehe;
(feeling safe) kuwa pasipo hofu
(mashaka Jj; (guarantee)amana,ra-
hani; (personal) mthamini [wa-];
(bond) kati, sharti.

Sedan-chair, n. (kama machela],

Sedate, a. -fulivu, -pole.

Sedative, a. -a kufuliza,

Sedentary, a. -4 kukaa kitako, -a
kukaakaa,

Sedge,n. manyasi | majani | ya mtoni.

Sedgy, a. -enyi Sedge nyingi.

Sediment, n. mashapo, takataka za
chini, matope ya mto, tamma.

Sedimentary, a. -4 Sediment.

Sedition, n. ftina, maasi.

Seditious, a. -a Sedition.

Seduce, v. fongoza; (corrupt) soteza,
vuta kwa mabaya, kosesha.

| Seducer, n. mdanganya, mpotess ;

(of women) mtongozi.

Seduction, n. kupoteza, ushaushi ;
utongozi.

Seductive, a..-a kudanganya, -a ku-
vuta, -a kupoteza.

Sedulity, n. kwwa Sedulous, diaz.
Sedulous, a. -fendaji wa kasi, -a
kushika kast, -angalifu, -a bidii.
See, v. (p. t. Saw, pf. t. Seen) ona,
tuzama; (understand) fahamu, fa-
mbua, elewa; (experience) -wamo ;
(visit) amkia, enda tazama; (ac-
company) shindtkiza, peleka. See
off, shtndtkiza. See to, See about,
See after, angalia, tengenesa. . See
throngh, See out, angalia, linda
hatta mwisho, elewa -ote. See (a
person) off (on a journey, &c.),
safirisha, (after a visit) shindzkesa.
Seeing that, kwa kuwa, kwa maana,

ikiwa.

——N. = Diocese.

Seed, n. mbegu, mbeyu; (origin)
asili, mwanzo; (offspring) msao,
mtoto [wa-|. Run to seed, Aari-
bika, chakaa.

— v. toa mbegu.

Seedling, n. mche [mss-].

SEBDSMAN

Seedsman, n. mwuza mbegu.

Seed-time, n. majira ya kupanda.

Seedy, n. -gonjwa, -kukuu, -a ku-
chakaa,

Sesing, n. kuona kwa macho, nguvu
ya kuona.

Seek, v. (p.t. na pf.t. Sought) Zafufa,
tazamia, omba.

Seam, v. onekana, -wa na mfano
wa, -wa kama, fanana na. It
seems so, #a0na, labuda, huenda.

Seeming, a. -4 uwongo, -a kujifanya,
si kweli, st halisi. |

Seemingly, adv. kama, kwa sura,
kwa kuonekana, kwa nje.

Seemliness, n. kuwa Seemly.

Seemly, a. -surt, -a adabu, -a ku-
statttlt, -a kufaa, wajibu.

Seen, pf. t. ya See.

Seer, n. mnajimu bwa-), mwaguzi
(wa-), mwenyi kutabiri, nabii.

See-saw, n. | kwenda na kurudi marra
nyingi; (game) mchezo wa watoto,
kama pembea).

Bosthe, v. Zokosa, chemsha; (neut.)
chemka, toa povu.

Segment, n. (sehemu ya duara, iki-
katwa na mstari |.

Segregate, v. Zenga, weka mbali,
farikisha.

Segregation, n. kulenga, &c.

Ssize, v. (grasp) amata, shika, twaa,
shikilia; (take by force) twaa kwa
nguvu,nyang anya, pokonya; (com-
prehend) fahamu, elewa.

Seisure, n. kukamata, kukamatwa,
&c. ; (attack of illness) kushikwa
na ugonjwa, kipindi.

Seldom, adv. shidda, marra chache.

Select, v. Zena, chagua.

——a. -a kuchagua, -teule, haba.

Selection, n. kuchagua, &c.; (por-
tion) muss, schema yavituvings |;
(choice bits) madondoo, mateuzt.

Self, n. (pl. Selves) moyo, nafsi,
mwenyewe; (in verbs) -ji-. He
killed himself, alijiwa. It goes by
itself, inajtenda.

Self-abnegation, n. Zaz. Self-de-
nial.

Self-acting, Self-adjusting, a. [-a

855

SELF-EXISTENT

kutenda kazi peke yake), -a kuji-
enda.

Self-assertion, Self-assurance,
Self-complacency, Self-conceit,
n. ukinaifu, ukavu, kujiona.

Self-confidence, n. 7as. Self-reli-
ance.

Self-conscious, a. -a kujifahamu
nafsi, -a kujtkumbuka, -enyi akili
ya kujijua |hali, tabia, nafsi) na
kujiongoza ; (shy) -enyi haya.

Self-consciousness, n. kuwa Self-
conscious; (shyness) kaya.

Self-contained, a. (independent)
-kinaifu; (reserved) -myamavu ;
(complete) -@ kujitosha, kamili,
-enyt yote ndani yake, -a kujito-
shelea.

Soelf-controlied, a. -faratibu, -vu-
milife, -tultvn.

Self-conviction, n. kujionya ku-
wa’ na kosa, kujifunga, kujihu-
kumua

Self-dedication, n. kwjitoa, kujiweka
-enyewe.

Self-defence, n. kujilinda nafsi,
kujipigania.

Self-denial, n. kujihinisha, kujinyi-
ma, kujiweza, kujikania, kujizuta ;
(temperance) kiasi.

Self-denying, a. -a Self-denial.

Self-destruction, n. kujifisha, ku-
Jipoteza.

Self-determining, a. -omyt thttart,
enyi nguvu | akili | ya kuchagua.
Self-devotion, n. kujitoa, kujifunga

kwa kazi.

Self-educated, a. -a kujifunza
-enyewe tu, -ltojielemisha pasipo
mwalimu, -a kujthitimisha,

Self-esteem, n. kiburi, kujisifu,
kujiona -ema.

Self-svident, a. waziwazi, baini,
thahért.

Self-examination, n. kujifazamia
moyo, kujihoji nafsi, kujttafutia
makosa mlani, kujishtaki rohoni."

Self-existence, n. (kat ya kuwa
Self-existent |.

Self-existent,-a. (of God) -sto na
mwanzo wala mwisho, -enyt kuwa

Aa?

SELF-GOVERNMENT

yuko peke yake halist, -a hakika;
(uncreated) -stoumbwa. si kiumbe.

Self-government, n. kujiweza nafsi,
kujitawala -enyewe.

Self-importance, n. kama Self-
assertion.

Self-indulgence, n. anasa, upotofu.

Self-interest, n.. kujipatia fayida,
kujipendeza nafsi, choyo.

Selfish, a. -a choyo, -a kujiangalia
nafsi wala si mwenziwe, -a kuji-
pendeza, -a kujipendelea nafsi, -a
kushika lake; (grasping) -past;
(miserly) bakhili.

Selfishness, n. choyo, kuwa Self-
ish,

Self-love, n. kujipenda nafsi; | kama
Selfishness |.

Self-made, a. -pasi, -lrojtpatia uta-
jiri. A self-made man, masikini
aliyejipasha utajiri.

Self-possessed, a. -4 kujiweza nafsi,
-a kiasi, -kavu wa macho, -taratibu.

Self-possession, n. kuwa Self-
possessed, macho makavu.

Self-reliance, n. hujijetea nafsi, ku-
totaka msaada, ukinaifu, ujasiri.

Self-respect, n. kujiheshimu nafsi
(kadiri ipaswavyo, pasipo kiburi),
kuchunga cheo.

Selfsame, a. -moja halisi, sawa
sawa, yule yule Tale tle, 8&c.).

Self-satisfaction, n. kujiona, maji-
sifu, ukinaifu.

Self-sown, a. (tree) kimekaa (vi- |.

Self-sufficioncy,n.kinaya. ukinaifu;
(pride) majivuno, kiburi.

Self-sufficient, a. -enyi Self-suffi-
ciency.

Self-will, n. ukaidi, &c.

Self-willed, a. -kaidt, -shupafu, -ast,
-potofu.

Sell, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Sold) uza, toa
kwa fetha; (neut.) uzanya, usika ;
(deceive) danganya. Sell up, f/t-
sisha. Sell out, uza malt yote.
Sell to, “sa.

Seltser, n. Last ya Ulaya, maji
ya pofupofu|).

Selvedge, n. upindr,

Selves, pl. ya Self.

856

SENSE

Semaphore, n. (mtt wenyi vipande,
kama mikono, vya kuashiria|.

Semblance, n. mfano, sura, umbo.

Semen, n. shahawa.

Semi-, zussu, kidogo.

Semibreve, n. zussu Breve.

Semicircle, n. nussu halisi ya duara.

Semicircular, a. kama Semicirole.

Seminal, a. -4 mbegu ; (original). -2
asili, -a mwanzo.

Seminary, n. = School, madrasa,
chuo, chuoni.

Semsem, n. vfufa; (oil) mafuta
ya uta.

Senate, n. (Barasa kuu ya wazee).

Senator, n. mfu wa Senate.

Senatorial, a. -4 Senator.

Send, v. (pn. t. za pf. t. Sent) feleka,
tuma, agiza; (cause to go) zoa,
tupa, rushay endesha, sukuma,
Jongesa; (grant) jalia ; (despatch
messenger) ‘uma mfu. Send for,
tta, tuma mtu kuita. He was
sent for, alikwenda kwitwa.

Sender, n. mwenyi kupeleka, Sc.

Seneschal,n. msimamizi wa nyumba
(zamani za kale).

Senile, a. -a m2tt, -a kizee.

Senility, n. uzee, ukongwe.

Senior, a. nan. -kubwa (kwa dara-
Ja, cheo, umri, &c.|, -a kwanza.
Seniority, n. kuwa Senior; (rank)

kadiri ya cheo, cheo.

Senna, n. sanamakt.

Sensation, n. (perception by sense)
kuona ; (excited feeling) Aushiuka,
kushtusha, fathaa, kishindo; (ex-
citing object) 4z¢7sho, kifuko, ajabu.

Sensational, a. -4 ustusha, -a
kutisha, -a ajabu.

Sensationalism, n. | kusema, ‘ Hatu-
pati kujua neno ila kwa kiwili-
wilt; asili ya maarifa yote ni nje
si ndani, ni katika vitu vyenyewe,
st katika moyo na akili ya mtu').

Sense, n. akili, busara ; (meaning)
maana ; (perception) kuona | kwa
macho, masikio, pua, ulimi, ku-
gusa); (opinion) shauri; (lower
nature) mwili. Have a sense o',
ona. The sense of smell, hearings

SENSELESS

357

SEPTEMBER

taste, &c., kusikia, kuonja, &c. | Sensualise, v. jaribu kwa anasa

A man of good sense, mtu wa
akili, hodari. Pleasures of sense,
anasa za mwili. In the sense of,
kwa maana, maana yake. In the
same sense, kwa maana tle ile,
maana sawa. it has a bad sense,
maana yake mbaya. Thesenses (five
senses), kuona kwa macho, kusikia,
kunusa, kuonja, kugusa ; | milango
ya maarifa|. Be out of one's
senses, Lose the senses, olewa
na akili, rushwa na akili, simta
roho, fathatka, Recover the senses,
Jirudia, pata akilétena. Common
sense, waonavyo watu wote, akili
ya watu wote, akili za kadiri ya
binadamu. It is a matter of
common sense, killa miu husema
Atut, inakubalika na wote. Moral
sense, kupambanua mema na ma-
baya.

Senseless, a. -jinga, -pumbafu, pa-
sipo akili. Le (become) senseless,
zimia roho.

Senseleasness, n. ukosefu wa akili,
upumbafu.

Sensibility, n. (sense) akz/#; (sen-
sitiveness) wepesi wa kuona, ku-
stuka upesi.

Sensible, a. (prudent) -enyi akili, -a
busara, -a maana; (palpable, per-
ceivable) [-a kuoneka na Senses }.

Be sensible of, ona, jua, tambua..

He is sensible, akili zake anazo;
(conscious) amejirudia.

Sensitive, a. -epest kuona | kustuka,
kubadilika, kugeuka, kuwa na
hasira ao chuki, Sc. |, -stovumilia
maumivu. The sensitive plant,
kifa uwongo.

Sensitiveness, n. (kat ya kuwa
Sensitive |.

Sensual, a. -a mwili, -a mambo ya
mwili, -a furaha za mwili, -a ta-
maaza mwili; (licentious) -a anasa,
-a ufisadi, -asherati, -a ng 0a.

Sensualism, n. = Sensationalism ;
= Sensuality.

Sensualist, n. mtu wa Sensualism.

Sensuality, n. kuwa Sensual.

za mwili, ongoza vibaya, geuza
kinyama.

Sensuous, a. = Sensual; -a Senses.

Sent, p. t. na pf. t. ya Send.

Sentence, n. (verdict) Aukumu,
maamuzi, neno la kathi ; (decision)
shauri, wosia; (maxim) mfano
wa maneno, mithali; (in grammar)
Ufungu la maneno lenyi kupasha
habari).

— v. (give, pronounce sentence
on) pastsha athabu, hukumu,
amua, kata hukumu. He has
been sentenced to death, amekatiwa
hukumu ya kuuawa.

Sententious, a. -enyi maneno ya
hekima, -a kujivuna | kwa kuwa na
maneno ya hekima), -a kujifanya
mwalimu.

Sentient, a. -exyz akili ya kuona |si
kama mmea, ao jiwe|.

Sentiment, n. #:a, shauri |ma-),
neno | ma-).

Sentimental, a. -exyi Sentimen-
tality, -ofa72.

Sentimentalist, n. mfu wa Senti-
mentality.

Sentimentality, Sentimentalism,
n. kuolaola, kujifungia mawazo
moyoni, kuchukuliwa na fikara,
wepesi wa kuvutwa na tamaa.

Sentinel, Sentry, n. astkarz, mngoje
(wa-) zamu, mlinzi, mvisia.

Sentry-box, n. kituo (kibanda) cha
Sentry.

Separable, a. -a kutengeka, -a kuba-
guka.

Separate, a. mbali, -lotengwa, peke
yake | yao, Sc. |, -moja -moja.

— v. tenga, gawa, weka mbali,
Jarikisha, bagua, changanua.

Separation, n. mfengano, kuachana,
mgawo, kufarakana, kuwa mbali,
kuwa peke yake | yao, &c.).

Separatism, n. (kulengana na
Kanisa la kimasihiya |.

Separatist, n. mfu wa Beparatism.

Sepoy, n. (asikari wa kihindi).

September, n. [mwest wa kenda
kisungu|).

SEPTENNIAL

358

SERVICE

Septennial, a. -a miaka saba, -a| Series, n. mafuatano, mwandamano,

killa mwaka wa saba.

Septic, a. -a kuozesha.

Septuagenarian, n. | mfu wa miaka
sabwini umri BABA

Septuagesima, n. (juma a pili
ya tatu mbele ya mwanzo wa
Lent].

Septuagint, n.[maandiko matakatifu
ya Wayahudi yamefasirika kwa
kiyonant, Agano la kale kwa kt-
yonani |.

Sepulchral, a. -a kaburi; (of sound)
-a kulia wazi, -a sault nene.

Sepulchre, n. kaburi |ma-|, ziara
(ma).

Sepulture, n. kuzika, maziko.

Sequel, n. mwisho, mambo ya baae

daye.

Sequence, n. mwandamano, ufua-
tano, utaratibu.

Sequester, v. Zwaa [mali ya mtu
kwa muda fullani), shika rahani,
weka; (separate) weka mbali, tenga.

Sequestered, a. -a faragha, -a
mbali, pasipo watu, ukiwa.

Sequestrate, v. = Sequester.

Sequestration, n. kufwaa [kulwa-
liwa) mali (Tas. Sequester).

Sequestrator, n. (afanyaye Beques-
tration |.

Seraglio, n. (nyumba ya waanake
wanapotengwa|\, harimu.

Seraph, n. | malaika |.

Soraphio, a. -4 Seraph.

Serenade, n. (kwimba nyimbo ao
kupiga ngoma usiku za kumsalimia
mchumba na kumwila, nyimbo ao
ngoma ya usiku|.

Serene, a. -expe, safi, -kunjufu,
tulivu.

Serenity, n. weupe, ukunjufu,
utulivu; (of weather) kweupe,
kutakata,

Serf, n. mtumwa | wa-|.

Serfdom, n. ufumwa.

Serge, n. (nguo kama Cloth}.

Sergeant, n. | mstmamisi wa asikari,
sajin |.

Serial, a. (-a Autokea marra kwa
marra kwa muda wake).

safu, ufululizo.

Serious, a. (grave) -stocheka, -stto, -a
kuonya; (important) -a@ maana,
enyi habari kubwa | nzito |, -kubwa.
A serious offence, kosa kubwa.

Seriously, adv. kwa kuonya; (very)
sana.

Seriousness, n. usilo, &c. (Taz.
Serious),

Sermon, n. hotuba, mahubiri ya
anjali, maneno ya kuonya.

Sermonize, v. onya onya, chosha kwa
maonyo, hubiri ovyo.

Serous, a. -a mtind:, kama mtindi,

Serpent, n. nyoka mkubwa.

Serpentine, a. -enyi mapindi, -a
huzingamana, -a kuzunguka, -a
kupindikapindika.

Serrated, a. -ltochongoka, kama
msumeno.

Serried, a. -a kusongana, -a kuso-
Ng WA.

Serum, n. mtindi.

Servant, n. mfumishi ([wa-],
mtumwa [wa-), hadimu |ma-);
(female) mjakazi [wa-]; (girl)
kijakazi [vi-}; (European’s house-
hold) 402 [ma-].

Serve, v. ‘umikia, hudumta, ngojea,
tendea kasi, -wa mtumishi; (be
of use) faa; (treat) tendea ; (give
out) foa. Serve out, foa; (have
revenge on) /Zipiza kisasi, Serve
up, pakua, andalia, andika. Serve
for, faa mahali pa. I will serve
you out, #z/akulipa. It serves you
right, astahili yako. He has
served his time, amemalisa kazi
yake, amewadi.

Server, n. mngoje, mngojezt.

Service, n. ufumwa, hudumu,
utumisht, kazi ; (use, employment)
matumizi, mafaa; (help) fathil:,
msaada, shime; (of china, &c.)
jamii [ya vyombo vya kuita);
(worship) sala ya dini, ibada, hi-
lima, fdisha; (= Army, aoNavy).
Divine Service, thada, dint. He is
on service, yuko katika kasi yake.
See service, tumika vitani.

SERVICEABLE

Serviceable (Be), a. faa, -wa -a
kufaa, tumika, -wa -zima.

Servile, a. -4 kitumwa, -nyonge,
-baya; (literal) -a kufuasa maneno
mno.

Servility, n. unyonge,
kitumwa, kushika miguu.

Servitor, nu. mtumishi | wa-), mfuasi

_ (wa-].

Servitude, n. utumwa.

Session, n. daraza, muda wa kuba-
rizt. Hold a session, darzzz.

Set, v. (p. t. za pt. t. Bet); (place)
weka, tia mahali, tia; (fix) kaza;
(cause) fanya; (settle, order)
amrisha, agiza; (razor, &c,) oa ;
(trap) Zega ; (sail) ¢weka; (in line)
panga; (with jewels, &c.) pamba ;
(of sun) -chwa, shuka ; (ot fluids)
gandantiza; (current) enda, pita;
(plants) panda, (neut.) toa mizizi,
anza kuota; (a fashion) anzisha,
sua; (atimepiece) kabilisha vema
mikono [ya saa}; (a broken bone,
Sc.) unga, ungisha. Set an ex-
ample to, /wasisha, Set about,
shika kazi ya, anza, maliki. Set
apart, weka mbali, tenga, bagua.
Set aside, weka, acha, kataa, tangua.
Set at naught, ¢hkarau, tweza,
ththaki, Set at ease, tultza, stere-
Akisha, teremesha. Set by, weka.
Set store by, Zumuka. Set down,
weka; (a load) tua, panga;
(humiliate) fweea, ¢hili; (put
down in writing) andika. Set
eyes on, /azama, tupia jicho. Set
forth, (explain) eleza, tangaza;
(neut.) shika njia, ondoka. Set
forward, endelea ; himiza, endesha.
Set in (rain), anza shika. Set
going, Set on foot, exdesha,anzisha,
Set on, (attack) shambulia, rukia ;
(urge to fight) piganesha, chome-
sha. Set off, pamba, tia urembo,
chukua ; (separate) tenga; (neut.)
ondoka, funga safari. Set on fire,
choma, tia moto, washa; (put on
the fire) Zeleka. Set out, andika,
rakibisha, weka vizuri; (neut.)
ondoka, shika mjia. Set right,

kufanya

359

SETTLEMENT
tengeneza, fanyiza. Set side by
side, ambazana, pambanisha,

weka kando kando. Set teeth on
edge, tia ganzi la meno. Set to,
fia katika; (neut.) shika kazi;
(hght) Jegana. Set to work, -fa haze ;
(neut.) sktka kazi. Set to music,
Janyizia [maneno| uimbo, linga-
nisha sauti [ya ngoma, kinanda,
&c. |. Set up, (upright) simamisha ;
(business: anza | ingia, shika ), kazi
[shughule]; (pretend) jifanya; vin
type) Panga vichapa, Set upon,
endea a nguvu, shambulia;
Set going, endesha. Set thinking,
Jikirisha, ha fikarani.

Set, a. (appointed) -#okazwa, -lzo0-
amriwa, -a lazimu; (firm, fixed)
thabiti, -gumu, -stogeuka, A set
speech, maneno ya utaratibu,

—— n. jamit; (ol a current) mvuto,
mkondo; (form) mamna, hali;
(friends, relatives, Sc.) jamaa,
utant. Make a set (dead set) at,
ended, jaribia sana.

Set-off, n. malipizi, sawa, kisasi.

Settee, n. kili kirefu, kitanda | vi-}.

Setter, n. (mbwa wa kuwinda).

Setting, n. kuweka, &c. (Tas. Set,
v.); (of sun) kuchwa, mshuko; (of
a jewel, &c.) kijalizo.

Settle, v. (fix) kaza, fanya imara,
weka thabite; (quiet) tuliza, stere-
hisha; (decide) Aukumu, kata
jambo [neno|, amua, maliza;
(make clear, show) onyesha, Lhihi-
risha, eleza, thubutisha; (adjust)
tengeneza, palanisha; (accounts)
fanya safi | barabara), lipa (dens) ;
(colonize) kalisha watu katika;
(reside) kaa; (rest) kua, tulia;
(sink down) Ziza, shuka; (get
clear) ¢wama; (resolve on) yakinza,
azimu, nia.

Settled, a. zmara, thabiti, -tulivu,
makini. Settled resentment, ma-
kamio, mfundo. A settled country,
(inchi inayokoa watu kwa amani,
inchi yenyi amani).

Settlement, n. kukaza, &c. (Tas.
Settle); (makazi ya watu waliyo-

SETTLER

hamia), mji mpya, kikao ; (inherit-
ance) uradhi, wosia, mali iliyori-
thtwa; (agreement) mapatano.

Settler, n. mhamia mahali, mgeni,
mjaji, mja na maji; (final step)
mwisho. That's a settler, dass,
imekwisha.

Seven, n. #a a. saba, sabaa.

Sevenfold, a. -4 marra saba.

Seventeen, a. na n. sabatashara,

Seventh, a. -a saba.

Seventy, a. za n. sabwint,

Sever, v. kala, tenga, vunja.

Several, a. -2mgine, -ingi kidogo, si
-ingt, baatht, kathawakatha; (some
people) wate; (separate) -moja
moja, killa -moja.

Severally, adv. mojamoja, killa mtu,

Severance, n. kukata, kulenga.

Severe, a. -kalt, zilo, -a nguvu.

Severity, n. ukali, Sc.

Sew, v. (pf. t. Sewed, Sewn) shona.

Sewage, n. fakataka, mavi,matakato.

Sewer, n. mshont [wa-]|; (drain)
mfereji (mi-, wa kuchurusisha taka
Mavi, KC. |,

Sewing, n. ushonz.

Sewn, pf. t. ya Sow.

Sox, n. | halt yakuwa kiume ao kike|.
Male sex, waanaume, watu wa
kiume. Female sex, waanake, wafu
wa kike.

Sexagenarian, n. (mfu wa miaka
seltini umri wake |.

Sexagesima, n. | suma a pili ya pili
mbele ya mwanzo wa Lent].

Sexennial, a. -2 mtaka sita, -a killa
mwaka wa stta.

Sext, n. (sala za aththuuri).

Sextant, n. (chombo ao kipande cha
kupimia urefu kwa pembe (angles) }.

Sexton, n. [mngoje wa mlango wa
kanisa, mtunza kanisa, mlinzi wa
kanisa, mtunza kanisa, mlinst wa
makaburi, mzishi |.

Bezual, a. -4 Sex, -a kiume kuliko
kike, -a kike kuliko kiume. Sexual
passion, #g’0a. Sexual organs,(male)
mboo|[mzt-),ume, (female kuma,uke,

Sexuality, n. kuwa na Box.

Shabbiness, n. ukukuu, unyonge, Sc.

860

SHALE

Shabby, a. -kukuu, -baya, -liocha-
kaa; (mean) -nyonge, -a choyo.

Shackles, n. pingu.

Shaddock, n. furungu [na- |.

Shade, v. tia kivuli, kinga jua; (pro-
tect) tunza, funika.

——, Shadow, n. uvult, kivuli
[ve-]; (darkness) geza; (variation)
tofauti ndogo; (protection) Aamaya,
wanzi; (likeness) mfano; (of a
lamp) chengeu, kisettrt. A shade
of difference, fofautt ndogo. Shade
of colour, rangi, ginst ya rangi.
Shade of meaning, maana, ktonyo.
Sun shade, mwavuli [mé-}.

Shadow, v. fa kivuli, tia giza;
(describe dimly) e/eza kidogo.

Shadowy, a. -a kivuli ; (vague) sz
yakini, si hakika, st halisi.

Shady, a. -a Shade, -enyi Shade ;
(mean) -nyonge, -baya.

Shaft, n. (kifu cho chote kilicho ki-
refu na chembamba, kama mwa-
#2i); (wooden part) fi, mii;
(of arrow) wano. (ma-|); (missile)
mshale (mi-|, mkuki | mi-|; (pit)
shimo (ma-], tundu | ma-); (chim-
ney) dohani; (of metal) ufito [wa
chuma, 8:c.).

Shaggy, a. -enyi nyele nyingi za
msokoto, -a manyoya ya msongo.
Shagreen, n. [gost iliyotenyenezwa

ya frasi, kondoo, &c.).

Shah, n. Sultani wa Ayjemt.

Shake,v.(p.t. Shook, pt.t Shaken)
tikisa, tetemesha, sukasuka; (neut.)
tikistka, tetemeka; (weaken) thoo-
jisha, pungusia nguvu, ondolea
uthabiti, tia mashaka. Shake
off (fruit), pvkusa. Shake hands,
pana mkono, shikana mikono,
amkiana. Shake out, futua,
kung uta, kupua.

n. kulikisika, Stc.,' mtikiso,
tetemo |ma-), tetemeko | ma. |), msu-
kosuko. Hand-shake, kifefemeshi.

Shako, n. | kofia ya asikari).

Shaky, a. -4 kulikisika, Sc.
Shake, v.); (weak) Zhaifu.

Shale, n. (mawe kama matope yalt-
yokauka sana),

( Zaz.

SHALL
Shall, v. (p. t. Should), (in verbs)

-ta-. I shall go, nitakwenda, na-
enda. You shall go, kuna buddi

kwenda,nenda. Shall 1 go? niende?
Shall you go? unakwenda? You
shall not go, kuendi, usiende. Ifyou
go, I shall, ukienda nitakwenda.

Shallow, a. (of water) -chache, haba,
kidogo; (foolish) -a akui chache,
-pumbafu.

Shallowness, n. uwa Shallow.

Shaly, a. -a Shale.

Sham, n. kujifanya, mwigo, mfano
mtupu; (hypocrisy) unafiki, uwo-
ngo.

a. -@ Sham. Sham fight, ku-

cheza vita.

v. jifanya, jigeusa. Shamming
dead, kufa uwongo. Sham sick-
ness, J1g0njweza.

Shambles, n. matindo, mahali pa
kuchinja nyama.

Shame, n. (disgrace) aibu, fetheha ;
(modesty) Aaya.

v. tia haya, atbisha, fethehesha.

Shamefaced, a. -enyi haya nyingi.

Shamefacedness, n. kuwa Shame-
faced.

Shameful, a. -a kulia haya, -a kua-
tbtsha, -a kufethehesha, -baya sana,

Shameless, a. -pujufu,-pofuwa haya,
pasipo haya. Lead a shameless
life, Act shamelessly, jipujua.

Shamelessness, n. kuwa Shame-

less. |

Shumpoo,v. kanda[ mwili,maungo |,
osha kitwa na nyele.

Shamrock, n. [va la Ireland xa
ishara yake}.

Shank, n. | kipande kirefu cha katt |;
(of leg) mguu|( toka goti kwa chini).

Shanty, n. kibanda, kipenu |(vi- |).

Shape, n. umbo, namna, sura, mfano.
Take shape, onekana, pata umbo.

v. (fashion) fanyiza, tengeneza ;
(direct) ongoza, elekeza.

Shapeless, a. pasipo uzuri, -a Vivi
hivi, -baya.

Shapslessness, n. kuwa Shapeless.

Shapeliness, n. uzuri [wa umbo|.

Shapely, a. -surz, -a namna.

361

SHE

Share, v. (divide) gawa, gawanya;
(partake of) shariki.

n. fungu | ma-), sehemu, nussu ;
(part ‘of capital) ( fungu la ras tl
mali ya Company]; (of plough)
[chuma cha jembe la kulima kwa
ng'ombe). Have shares in, -wa
mshiriki wa. Go shares in, sha-
riki, shartkiana.

Shareholder, n. (mshiriki mali ya
Company].

Sharer, n. mshiriki | wa-|.

Shark, n. fapa; (rogue, sharper)
ayart, mjanja [wa-|.

Sharp, a. -kalt, -enyi ncha, -liocho-
ngoka; (vigorous, clever) -enyiakili,
hodari, -erevu, bingwa, -a nguvu,
-€pest ; (in dealing) -erevu, -janja,
-danganyifu, kalam'st; (quick)
epesi kuona, -ekevu, hodari;
(bitter) -chungu, -kali; (shrill)
-embamba, (thin) -embamba, -lio-
konda, -liogeuka kwa njaa. A
sharp turn, kugeuka upesi, pindi
la marra moja. Sharp practice,
hila, ujanja, udanganyifu. Look
sharp! haya! upesi! hima!

— n. (in music) [sauti iliyokatwa
kidogo ; alama yake).

Sharpen, v. (edge) moa, tia makali;
(point) chonga, chongoa, fanya
-kalt; (arouse) amsha, tia bidii.

Sharper, n. ayart, mjanja [wa-],
kalam zi. '

Sharpness, n. ukali, uchungu, Sc.
(Zaz. Sharp, a.).

Sharp-shooter, n. mwenyi shebaha.

Sharp-sighted, a. -a kutazama mba-
li, -enyt macho ya nguvu, macho.

Sharp-witted, a. -a akili, -a busara.

Shatter, v. vunjavunja, pondaponda,
haribu kabisa, pasua.

Shave, v. (pf. t. Shaved, Shaven)
nyoa [kitwa}; (smooth) /ainiska
[mite kwa kisu); (pass close to)
pita karibu ya, ambaa.

Shaving, n. (of wood) takataka za
mbau, masafi ; (of hair) kunyoa,
unyozi.

Shawl, n. shali ; (waist) mahazamu.

She, pron. yeye | mwanamke), yule,

ro

SHEAF

huyo; (in verbs) a-. She-, -a kike,
Jike.

362

SHIFT

rupia na themunt; kipimo cha
kiyahudi kama nussu wakia|.

Sheaf, n. (pl. Sheaves), (of cut | Shelf, n. (pl. Shelves) kibau [v:-],

rice, &c.) mganda [mi-].

Shear, v. (pf. t. Sheared, Shorn)
kata, kata manyoya, nyoa.

Shearer, n. mkata (wa-| manyoya
ya kondoo.

Shears, n. (kama makasi makubwa;
jukwaa ya kuinulia mazito).

Sheath, n. ala [ny-], uo [ny-]}.

Sheathe, v. futika, weka.

Sheathing, n. | mabamba ya kubandt-
kisha nje|.

Sheave, n. (of pulley) korodani,
roda.

Sheaves, pl. ya Sheaf na Sheave.

Shed, v. (p.t. na pf.t. Shed), (emit)
toa, toka ; (drop) tonesha, mwaga,
-nya; (leaves, &c.) pukusa; (skin,
feathers) geuza.

n. banda (ma-), kibanda [vi-],

dungu |ma- |; (for cattle, &c.) 2224

(ma-).

Sheen, n. mwanga, mng'ao, nuru.

Sheep, n. (pl. Sheep) kondoo.

Sheep-fold, n. 2227 [ma-].

Sheepish, a. -a fathaa, -a haya.

Sheep-shearer, n. mkata [wa-]
manyoya ya kondoo.

Sheep-shearing, n. kukata manyoya
ya kondoo; | majira yake|.

Sheep-walk,n. machunga ya kondoo.

Sheer, a. -a kwenda juu [chinz],
sawasawa, -a kuchongoka; (plain,
bare) -/upu, tu.

v. geuka, enda upande.

Sheet, n. (calico) skuka; (of bed)
nguo ya kutandika kitandani; (of
sail) deman:i ; (paper) ukarasa | ka-
rasa|; (of a book) gombo (ma-|;
(of metal) bamba [ma-]; (of water)
eneo la maji, ziwa; (of rain) mvua
nyingi, tufane.

Sheet-anchor, n. wanga kubwa.

Sheeting, n. (nguo ya Sheet, nguo
pana), nguo, amerikani.

Sheet-lightning, n. (umeme wa
kung ariza sana).

Sheik, n. sheki [ma-).

Shekel, n. | sarafu ya kiyahudi kama

(hanging) szso [ma-] ; (sand-bank)
Sungu| ma- |; (rock) mwamba sawa.

Shell, v. zoa ganda (gome) la nje,
papatua, ambua; (beans, peas)
pua; (nuts, &c.) banja, menya ;
(cocua-nuts) fea ; (bombard) pigia
makombora.

—— n. (sea) konokono, kombe, kome,
kauli, &c., shelle (ma- |): (exterior)
nje, upande wa nje, kifuniko ; (ot
animals), nyumba, tundu; (of

‘trees, &c.) gome [ma-], ngozi; (ot
fruit, &c.) ganda (ma-]; (of egg)
ganda, kaka; (of cocoa-nut) kifua

vi-|; (empty) fuvu [ma-], bupuru
ba (case) wo [#y-]; (of build-
ing, &c.) mili, kiunzi; (bomb)
lisast ya kombora.

Shell-fisb,n. kombe, kauli, konokono.

Shell-proof, a. -stovunjika kwa ma-
kombora, -a nguvu sana.

Shelly, a. -z Shells.

Shelter, v. funika, setiri. ficha, linda,
karibisha nyumbani.

n. (refuge) kimbilio [ma-], ma-
halt pa salamu, kificho, kisetiri,
kifuniko, kinga; (protection) 4a-
maya, ulinzi. Take shelter (from
rain), jificha mvua.

Shelve, v. weka, ahirisha; (slope)
inama, telemka, shuka.

Shelves, pl. ya Shelf.

Shelving, a. -a kuinama.

Shepherd, n. mchunga (wa-), mlishi
(wa-), mlinzi |wa-).

Sherbet, n. sierebeti,

Sherd, n. gaz, kigai.

Sheriff, n. (mkuu, liwali wa inchi).

Sherry, n. |devat ya Hispanya |.

Shew, = Show. Shewn= Shown.

Shibboleth, n. [weno la kusaribia
miu gant, neno la fumbo).

Shield, n. ngao, kigao ; (protection)
hamaya, ulinss, kinga.

v. linda, funika. settri. Shield
from, kingia, susisa.

Shift, v. (move) geusa, sogesza upa-
nde, jongeza ; (change) geukageuka;

SHIFT

(provide) fanya shauri; (change
clothes) waa nguo ngine. Shift
sail, kisi langa. Make shift to,
jaribu, pata kwa shidda. Shift on
to some one else, sukumizia, ku-
mbishia. Shift for yourself, fanya
uwezavyo.

Shift, n. (device) Az/a, shauri (ma- |);
(change) mageuzi; (tum) zamu:
(dress) (nguo ya mwanamke kama
kansu). Makeshift, jaribia twesa-
vyo, fanya kwa shidda.

Shifting, a. -a kugeukageuka.

Shiftless, a. -sto na shauri, -jinga.

Shifty, a. -a mashauri mengi;
(changeable) -a kugeukageuka.

Shilling, n. (robo ya kiingereza),
anna kumi na mbili, robo na
themuni,.

Shilly-shally, a. -a ovyo, -a kustta-
sita,

; y. silasita, cheza,

Shimmer, v. ng aa kidogo, meremeta.

Shin, n. | kati ya goti na kifundo cha
chini ya mguu), kipingili cha
mguu, muundi wa mguu.

Shine, v. (p. t. #a pf..t. Shone)
ng'aa, toa nuru, angaza, mulika,
waa, zagaa ;(be eminent )awa na fa-
hari, tangulia, pata sifa, tukuka.

n. mwanga, nuru, weupe. —

Shingle, n. (of roofing) (kibau
chembumba cha kufunikia nyumba
Juu mahali pa makuti); (stones)
makokoto ya pwani, vijiwe, cha-
ngarawi.

Shingles, n. (ugonjwa wa vipele
kiunoni).

Shingly, a. -4 Shingle.

Shining, Shiny, a. -a kung'aa,
-eupe, -angafu; (famous) -a atha-
ma, -a sifa.

Ship, n. merikebu, marekabu, jahazi,
chombo |vy-) 3 (of war) merikebu
ya mizinga, manowari; (mer-
chantman) merikebu ya bithaa | ya
kazt|; (brig, schooner) barakinya ;
(full-rigged) merikebu ya milingoti
mitatu; (steamer) merikebu ya
moshi | ya dohari, meli).

—— y. (put on board) pakia, pakiza,

863

SHOAL

shehenisha; (receive on board)
pokea shehena, pokea mertkebuni ;
(of crew) ajiri | baharia, &c., kwa
kazi ya merikebu). Ship seas,
pakia mawimbi.

Ship-board, n. chomboni, merike-
buni.

Ship-broker, n. (mfanya biashara
ya merikebu na shehena zao|.

Ship-builder, n. fundi wa kuunda
merikebu, mwunzi | wa- |).

Ship-building, n. kuunda meri-
kebu.

Ship-chandler, n.( mwaza pambo na
vifaa vya merikebu |.

Ship-master, n. mwenyeji wa
merikebu, nakhotha, j

Shipment, n. mapakizi, kupakia ;
(cargo) shehena.

Ship-owner, n.
merikebu.

Shipper,n. (mwenyi kazi kusafirisha
vitu katika merikebu).

Shipping, n. merikebu [nyingr),
jami: za merikebu.

Shipshape, a. barabara, sawasawa,
Jaratibu,

Shipwreck, n. kuvunjika merikebu ;
(ruin) maangamizi.

—— v. angamiza, haribu, poteza.

Shipwright, n. fundi wa kuunda
merikebu, mwunzi | wa-).

Ship-yard, n. (mahali pa kuundia
merikebu), banda (ma-|.

Shire, n. ( fungu la inchi Ingereza ),
Jimbo | ma-), wilaya.

Shirk, v. jitoa katika (kasi), epuka,
Jiepusha na, kimbia, toroka.

Shirt, n. (vazi la kizungu, kama
kanzu fupi).

Shirting, n. nguo la Shirt, ameri-
kani, nguo.

Shiver, v. (tremble) fefemeka, tapa-
ta~a; (smash) wanja vipande
vipande, vunja kabisa.

—, Shivering, n. kiapo, tete-
meko.

Shoal, n. (bank) fungu [ma-]; (of
fish) samaki wengi pamoja, kundi
la samaki, Shoal water, maji
machache, maji haba.

mwenyeji Wa

SHOCK

864

SHORT-LIVED

Shock, n. shindo, kishindo, kustuka, | Shop-lifter, n. (mwizi wa vilu

kituko, kuzimia.

—— v. tia kishindo, chukiza, fathai-
sha, tia haya.

Shocking, a. -a kuchukiza, -a kutia
haya.

Shod,p.t. na pf.t. ya Shoe, v. Shod
with iron, (-#0ltwa chuma chini ao
nchani|.

Shoddy, n. [Cloth ya namna mbaya
hafifu).

Shoe, n. kiafu (vi-, cha kizungu);
(horse's) (chuma cha chini ya mguu
wa frasi), kikuku, nali (Ar.);
(kitu kama kiatu).

v. [ta frasi chuma miguuni).

Shoe-black, n. msugua viatu.

Shoe-horn, n. | kipande cha kuvalia
vialu).

Shoemaker, n. mshoni viatu (| wa-|.

Shone, p. t. #a pf. t. ya Shine, v.

Shook, p. t. ya Shake, v.

Shoot, n. (plant) chipukizi, uchipuka
[chipuka] ; (water) mchiliss [mz-],
mfereji |mi-); (njia ya kutelemshia
magogo, makaa, &c. |.

v. (p. t. wa pf. t. Shot) piga
bunduki |mzinga, upindi, Sc.|;
(hit) upa, piga, pata; (send out)

peleka kwa nguvu, rusha, sukuma
mbele, toa; (sprout) ofa, chipuka.
Shoot by (past), Pitia upesi, ruka,
enda mbio. Shoot up(grow), panda,
chipuka, kua. Shoot at, pigia,
tupia. Shoot the rapids, ¢elem’ka
mbio mtoni.

Shooting, n. kufupa, kupiga, &c.
(Zaz. Shoot,v.). Go out shooting,
kwenda kuwinda. Good shooting,
mawindo tele; (aim) shebaha sana.

a. -a kupiga bunduki, -a kuwi-
nda. Shooting pains, maumivu
ya kuchomachoma.

Shooting-star, n. kimwondo |vt-).

Shop, n. duka |ma-|), nyumba ya
bithaa. Set upashop, weka duka.
Close a shop, ondoa duka, Keep
a small shop, churuza.

v. enda dukani, zunguka kwa

maduka.

nunua vitu, enda madukani.

ukani).

Shop-lifting, n. kuiba dukani.

Shopman, n. mwenyi duka, mchu-
rust, mngoje dukani.

Shop-walker, n. karani wa dukani.

Shore, n. ukingo wa bahari | waziwa),
kikomo cha bahari; (beach) ufuko,
wangwa; (coast) upande wa ba-
hari, upande wa pwani; (prop)
gadi (ma-), shiku. On (to, at,
near, by) the shore, $wani. Go on
shore, (passenger) shuka pwani,
shuka; (ship) pwelewa, panda
mwambani, kwama.

v. legemesa; (a vessel) gadimu,
shikiza.

Shoreless, a. fasipo mpaka, -kubwa
mno.

Shorn, pf. t. ya Shear.

Short, a. -fupi; (small) -dogo; (def-
cient) -pungufu, haba; (abrupt) -a
maneno machache. Be short (in
growth, stature), za, undaa.
Short of, -pungufu -a; (except,
unless) pasipo, isipokuwa. A short
cut, njia ya kukata. A short
sound, sauti ndogo. A short time,
kitambo, kipindi, muda kidogo.
Make short work of, maliza upesi,
(kill) w/ia mbali. In short, jumla,
kwa neno moja. Stop short, kafisa,
pingamiza; (neut.) stmamaghdfala.
Be short of, Run short of, szd#wa,
pungukiwa, -wa na upunguo wa,
-wa na... -chache, tindikiwa.
Come short of, pungukia, si patia,
-wa st sawa na, tindikia. The
long and short of it, jambo lenyewe.
Short commons, chakula haba.

Shortcoming, n. whosefu, upungufu,
kosa.

Shorten, v. fupisha, punguza, kata,
katisa ; (neut.) funguka, &c.

Shorthand, n. [amna ya kuandika
upesi sana kwa harufu ndogo na
chache), mwandiko wa kukata.

Short-handed, a. bila wafu wa
kutosha, -enyi watu haba.

Go shopping, enda ku-| Bhort-lived, a. -siokaa sana, -a

maisha machache, -epest kufa.

SHORTLY

Shortly, adv. (soon) marra moja,
upesi, ghdfala, karibu; (sharply)
kwa kukata, vikali.

Shortness, n. kuwa Short, ufupi,
Sc.

Short-sighted, a. -swona vema,
thatfu wa macho; (foolish) -a akili
chache, -jinga.

Short-winded, a. -enyi pumu, -a
kukokota pumuzi, -a kutweta.

Shot, n. (small) malisaa; (large)
disas¢; (discharge) shindo (la bu-
nduki, &c.|, pigo [ma-|; (range)
mfiko wa lisasi ; (marksman) mtu
hodari kupiga shebaha; (target)
shebaha, Shot-belt, befi, Shot-
gun, bunduki ya kupiga malisaa.
Shot-proof, -stopenya malisaa. He
is a good shot, ana shebaha sana,

p. t. na pf. t. ya Shoot, v.

a. -@ rangirangi, -a kugeuka
rangi.

Should, v. I should love, ninge"
penda, imenipasa kupenda, ni-

Shoulder, n. bega | ma- |, (kitu kama
bega). Turn a cold shoulder to,

kataa urafiki, tharau, acha.

v. kweka,chukua begani; (thrust)
‘Songa, sogeza upande.

Shoulder-belt, n. ukanda wa be-

ni.

Shoulder-blade, n. kombe la mkono.

Shout, n. wzkelele (kelele), kelele
[mea-]; (for help) ktyowe; (for joy)
higelegele, shangwe.

v. piga kelele, guta, lia, pasa
sautt, toa sauti kuu.

Shove, v. sukuma, piga kikumbo,
kumba, songa, sogeza, jongeza.

—— n. kumbo, sukumo.

Shovel, n. | jembe la kizungu, kama
upawa mkubwa|.

Show,Shew,v (pf.t.Shown,Shewn)
onyesha, weka wazi, tia mbele ya
macho; (disclose) e/eza, funua, bai-
nisha; (inform) arifu; (prove,
make clear) Zashirisha, thubuti-
sha; (put out) Zoa; (for sale) Ze-
mbeza; (appear) onekana, tokea.
Show how to do a thing, fuasisha.

365

SHRINE

Show in, karibisha ndani, peleka
ndani. Show off, piga umalidadi,
Jifahirisha, tamba. Show up, cho-
ngea, kashifu. Show kindness
(hospitality, £c.) to, Zenda wema.
Heshowed meall possible kindness,
alinitenda killa jambo la wema.

Show, n. onyesho; (spectacle) sama-
sha; (fine appearance) urembo,
Jahari, uzuri, umalidad:, usheha;
(likeness) mfano ; (pretence) kuji-
fanya, unafiki, uwongo; (display
of goods) kutembeza, kufanya
mwangaza. Show-bill(-case,-room,
-man, -card), karatasi [sanduku,
chumba, mtu, karta\ ya kutazamt-
sha wafu bithaa. Show of hands,
mikono juu.

Showbread, n. (mikate iliyowekwa
killa juma hekaluni mwa Waya-
hud .

Shower, n. (rain) manyunyo; (abun-
dance) wingi, neema.

Showery, a. -4 manyunyo, -a kunya
mvua marra kwa marra.

Showiness, n. kuwa Showy.

Showing, n. wonyesho; (evidence)
maneno, ushahidi.

Shown, pf. t. ya Show, v.

Showy, a. -a urembo, -a fahari, -a
kupiga madaha, -a umalidadi.

Shrank, p. t. ya Shrink.

Shrapnel, n. [/ésasi ya mzinga yenyt
malisaa mengi ndani).

Shred, n. kidogo, kipande.
shreds, Zana.

Shrew,n. |, mwanamke mkali na mko-
rofi ; (mouse) fanya mdogo).

Shrewd, a. -erevu, -a busara,-a akili.

Shrewdness, n. werevu, akili.

Shrewish, a. -z Shrew.

Shriek, v. foa Shriek, Za.

——n. ilio cha nguvu [kwa hofu,
kuumizwa, furaha).

SJ; n. (kuungama na kughofiri-
wa),

Shrike, n. (ndege mdogo mkalt).

Shrill, a. -embamba (sauti).

Shrillness, n. wembamba | wa sauti |.

Shrimp, n. uduvi [vi-], kamba.

Shrine, n. mahali patakatifu, pa

Cut in

SHRINE 866

"kuwekea matakatifu, kikanisa, ka-
burt.

Shrink, v. (p. t. Shrank, pf. t.
Shrunk) jsitunyata, jikunja, ji-
tenga kwa hofu | kwa haya), Jiku-
nja, vrudi nyuma; (decrease)
punguka; (shrivel) Aunjamana.
Shrink from, kimbia, kataa, chuki-
wa na, epuka na, jitenga na.

Shrive, v. ghofiri.

Shrivel, v. finya, kunja, kausha,

- unguza; (neut.) kunjika, kauka.

Shrivelled, a. -a mafinyo, -a kuku-
njamana.

Shroud, n. sanda; (covering) ki-
funiko, vazi; (of ship) kamba ya
mlingoti, ayari.

Shrove Tuesday, n. | siku mbele ya
Lent}.

Shrub, n. kijiti [vi-1, gugu [ma-].

Shrubbery, n. jamti ya vijitt, ki-
chaka.

Shrubby, a. -ezy¢ Shrubs.

Shrug, v. (shoulders) zawa, kunja,
pandisha.

n, mkunjo wa bega.

Shrunk, p. t. #@ pf. t. ya Shrink.

Shudder, v. fefema, tetemeka, tapa.

—— n. mtetemo, tetemeko (ma-], ki-
tapo.

Shuffle, v. pisha huko na huko, peuza
geuza, changanya, chafua; (neut.)
geukageuka, fanya hila, danganya;
(drag the feet) kokota miguu, jiko-
kota,

— n. kupisha huko na huko, &c.

Shuffier, n. mjanja | wa. |, mdanga-
nyifu, si mnyofu.

Shun, v. epuka, jitenga na, kimbia;
(a blow) epa.

Shunt, v. sogesa, jongesa upande,
peleka njia ngine; (defer) weka,
Shut, v. (p.t. #a pf.t. Shut) funga,
fumba; (a door) shindika. Shut
in, funga; (surround) sunguka.
Shut off, Aatiza, suta. Shut out,
shindisha nje, toa nje; (preclude)
zuta, kataa, si patana na. Shut up,
Sunga; (silence) nyamazisha, shé-

Shut up! bass! makelele!
nyamaza |

SIDE

Shutter, n. ubau [mbau] wa dirisha.
Shuttle, v. (kipande cha kupisha
mshindio katika kufuma nguo).
Shuttlecock, n. [Ppande chenyi ma.

nyoya cha kuchezea),

Shy, n. -eny: haya, -a hathart, -oga.

v. (frasi | ruka upande; (throw)
Zupa. .

Shyness, n. kuwa Shy, haya.

Sibilant, a. [-2 kalta kama nyoka,
S-s-S].

Sibyl, n.[nabiz mke wa zamani, kisee
chenyt kutabiri }.

Sibylline, a. -a Sibyl.

Sick (Be), v. ugwa, -wa hawezi [ha-
wawest, &c.|, -wa -gonjwa; (dis-
gusted) chukzswa, choshwa; (vomit)
fapika. Feel sick, taka taptka, cha-

Juka tumbo. Be sick of, kimazka
na. Make sick, fapisha, chafusha
moyo.

a. -gonjwa, -weli, Sick at heart,
-enyi moyo wa huzuni kuu.

Sicken, v. ugua; (cause to vomit)
tapisha; (disgust) chukiza, kinai-
sha; (neut.) chuktewa.

Sickening, a. -a kutia ugonjwa, -a
kuchukiza, -a kukinaisha.

Sickle, n. mundu | mi-).

Sickly,a.-gonjwa,kama-a mgonjwa,
thatf{u, -a kufanya ugonjwa, -a ku-
Lonjwesa, -a kutapisha.

Sickness, n. #gonjwa [ma-], wweli,
marathi.

Side, n. upande | pande); (of river,
Sc.) kando, ukingo; (of body)
mbavu; (party, faction) watu wa
upande mmoja, jamit, wafuasi,
wenzi, mathehebu. Other side of,
upande wa pili wa; (of river,
creek, &c.) ngambo ya pili ya,
ngambo ya. Side by side, sawa
sawa, pamoja, kwa kupambana
tuambaana|,kandokando. Onthe
side of (same side as), kal: moja na,
shauri moja na. Be on one side
(awry, aslant, crooked), kwenda
mshathali, inama, fotoka. Lay on
side, ##ika, /asa. Put on one side
(set aside), weka, tenga.

——- v. chagua upande | wa-], fuata.

a

SIDE-ARMS

Side-arms, n. (sefaka za kuvaa mba-
vuni, upanga, bastola, &c.\.

Eide-board, n. [meza ya kuwekea
vyombo vya kulia).

Sidelong, a, -4 upande, -a kwenda
upande. A sidelong glance, kuta-
zama kilongotongo. |

Bide-piece, n. (of bedstead’ mfu-
mbali (mi-); (of door) mwimo
[we2-].

Sidereal, a. -a nyota. .

Side-saddle, n. (serujt ao korji ya
kupandika na mwanamke).

Sideways, adv. kwa upande. kwenda
pogo, kwenda upande, pogo, si sawa,
mshathali,

Siding, n. kuchagua upande; (in
railway) (njia ndogo ya gari la
moshi, ya upande |.

Sidle, v. exda upande, jipenyeza, ji-
pendekeza.

Siege, n. mazingiwa, kuzunguka
mji kwa vila.

Siesta, n. usingizi wa mchana,

Sieve, n. kayamba ; (basket used for
sifting) ungo [ma-, ny-], kung'uto.

Sift, v. (by shaking) chunga; (by
tossing) pe/a, pepeta, pepua; (select
carefully) chaguachagua; (examine)
hojihoji, tafutia, hakikia.

Sigh, v. ugua, vuma.

N. Uguo, UVUMI.

Sight, n. kuona, kutasama; (range
of) eneo la jicho, upeo; (spectacle)
tamasha, shani, kizushi, kitu ki-
gent; (opinion) macho, akili, nia;
(of gun, &c.) shebaha. In my
sight, mbele ya macho yangu. |
was in sight of, nal:wesa kuona.
Come in sight, onekana, tokea. Be
out of sight, soweka, si onekana,
enda mbali. Atsight, marra moja,
ghdfala. Catch sight of, ona.
Clear sight, wangafu wa macho.
Dim sight, giza ya macho.

Vv. ona,

Sightless, a. kitofu [vi-, wa macho).

Sight-s2eing, n. malembezi.

Sight-soer, n. mtembesi (wa- |), mwe-
nendezi | wa-).

Sign, n. da/ili, ishara, alama; (proof)

867

SILK-MERCER

ushahidi; (hint, indication) 470405
dokezo, konyezo la jicho (la mkono),
ukonyezo; (event) jambo kubwa;
(miracle) mwujiza [mt-]; (me-
morial) ukumbusho, kumbukumbu;
(sign-board) |uban wenyi sana-
mu); (likeness, emblem) mfano:
(astronom.) (sehemu ya thenashara
ya Zodiac].

Sign, v. tia sahihi, sahthisha, andika
jina chini, tia mkono; (make a
sign to) ashiria, homyezea, pungia,
mkono.

Signal, n. alama, ishara, dalili.

v. toa ishara, sema | amuru)

kwa ishara, ashiria.

a. -kuu, mashuhuri. A signal
victory, kushinda sana.

Signalize, v. (celebrate) Zakuza,
athimisha; (show) onyesha. ‘Sig-
nalize oneself, jipatia sifa.

Signature, n. sahihi, jina [ma-]},
mkono | mi-|.

Sign-board, n. [ubau wenyi sana-
mu dukani ya kuonyesha bithag

gant |.

Signet, n. pete, muhuri.

Significance, Signification, n,
maana.

Significant, a. -enyz maana, -a kuo-
nya.

Signify,v. onya, onyesha, kumbusha;
(mean) -wa na maana ya; (con-
cern, affect) pasa, thuru. It does
not signify, atthuru, mamoja,
haina maana, st kitu.

Sign-manual, n. = Signature.

Sign-post, n. (mli wenyi mkono ao

tshara ya kuonya njia|.

Silence, n. kimya, unyamavu, utu-
hvu. Silence! makelele! nya-
masa |

— v. nyamazisha, kataza, tuliza.

Silent, a. -syamavu, -a kimya
kimya, -stirifu.

Silica, n. jiwe la bunduki, gume-
gume (?).

Silk, n. kariri ; (vao la kaths).

Silken, a. -a kariri. .

Silk-mercer, n. mwuza vitu vya
hariri.

SILK-WORM

368

SINECURIST

Silk-worm, n. (mdudu mfanyiza| Simple, n. (dawa ya majani, mits,

hariri).

Silky, a. -a hariri, kama hariri.

Sill, n. (kipande cha chini); (of
door) kizingifi |vi- |.

Silliness, n. #pusi, ujinga, upu-
mbafu, ukosefu wa akili, puo.

Silly, a. -jinga, -puzi ; (crazy) -enyi
kichaa.

Silt, n. matope, mchanga, takataka
ya mito.

Silt up. v. [fo] jaa matope, fanya
mafungu, kauka.

Silvan, a. -a mwitunt, -a msitu.

Silver, n. fetha. sarafu za fetha.

v. tia fetha nje, funika kwa
fetha.

Silversmith, n. mfua | wa-) fetha.

Silvery, a. kama fetha, -eupe, -a
kung'aa.

Similar, a. sawa, kama sawa, mfano
mmoja, kama hii (tle, &c.1.

Simile, Similitude, n. mfano wa
maneno, methali, fumbo.

Simious, a. -2 nyani, -a kima, kama
nyani.

Simmer, v. chemka kidogo.

Simoniacal, a. -4 Simony.

Simony, n. | kufanya biashara ya
mambo matakatifu ya dini, ya
rohoni),

Simoon, n. (upepo mbaya wa moto
sana Arabuni |.

Simper, v. chekelea, cheka ovyo
(kijinga),

Simple, a, (single) -moja, -moja tu;
(indivisible) -szogawanytkana ; (un-
complicated) s¢ -enyz mambo mengi,
st -enyt matata. si -liotengeneswa
sana, vive hivi, rahisi kufanya,
-epesi kuelea ; (unadorned) -siopa-
mbwa,si urembo, vive hivi ;(sincere)
si -enyi hila, st -janja, amini,
-nyofu; (unaffected) -nyenyekevu,
nyonge, kama kitoto; (intelligible)
wazi, thahirt, -a kuelea ; (unwise)
-jinga, -a akili chache ; (unmixed)
-tupu, safi, -siochanganyika, pasipo
kitu kingine; (not luxurious) sz
-zuri, -$t -@ anasa; (common) -2@
watt wote, -ovyo, vive hive,

maua, mimea |.

Simpleness, n. [ali ya kuwa Sim-
ple, a.|, uzusu, ujinga.

Simpleton, n. mjinga | wa-|), mwenyi
akili chache, mzuzu.

Simplicity, n. (kuwa Simple, a. ]
urahisi, ujinga, umoja.

Simplification, n. kufanya Simple,
a., &c.

Simplify, v. (fanya Simple, a.]
fanya rahist, eleza, geuza.

Simply, adv. pasipo hila, pasipo
anasa (Zaz. Simple, a.); (only,
merely) £4, peke yake | yao, 8&c].

Simulate, v. jifanya, iga, fuasa ;
Jifanya kuwa na, jisingizia.

Simulation, n. kujifanya, &c., una-

i.

Simultaneity, n. kuwa Simul-
taneous.

Simultaneous, a. -a wakati ule ule,
-a dakika ile tle, palepale, pamoja,
sawa.

Simultaneously, adv. marra hiyo,
palepale, sawasawa.

Sin, n. thambi, hatiya, uhalifu, kosa
[ma-]|, uovu, ubaya.

—— v. fanya Bin, tenda thambi.

Since, adv. prep. ma conj. (from
then till now) Zangu siku ile [saa
tle, hapo) hatta sasa; (in past time)
zamani, kwa wakali uliopita ;
(from time of, after) Zangu, baada
ya, toka, tokea, baadaye ; (because)
kwa sababu, ya kuwa, ya kwamba,
ikiwa, He came three days since,
amckuja yapata siku tatu. It is
three days since he came, fangu
alipokuja ni siku tatu, tangu siku
fatu alipokuja. I have not seen
him since, szkumwona tena. Since
last year, fangu mwaka wa jana.
Ever since, tangu siku tle.

Sincere, a. -enyt moyo mweupe, Safi,
amini, -nyofu.

Sincerity, n. weupe,
amini, kuwa Sincere.

Sinecure, n. uchumi pasipo kasi,
fayida tupu, kujikalia.

Sinecurist, n. mwenyi Binecure.

uaminifu,

SINE QUA NON

Sine qua non, n. kanuni haswa.

Sinew, n. kano (kano, ma-), mshipa
(mz-].

Sinewy, a. -a Sinew, kama Sinew ;
(strong) -a nguvu, -enyi maungo,
hodari, -shupafu.

Sinful, a. -2 thambi ( Tas. Bin).

Sinfulness, n. halt ya thambi, kuwa
na thambi.

Sing, v. (p. t. Sang, pf. t. Sung)
imba, lia, simulia kwa utenzi | kwa
mashairi |.

Singe, v. unguza, choma.

Singer, n. mwimbaji |wa-); (pro-
fessional) malenga.

Singing, n. na a. kuimba. -a kuimba.

Singing-master, n. fundi | ma-) wa
kufundisha nyimbo, mwalimu wa
kuimba.

Single, a. -moja, -moja tu, peke yake
(yao, &c.], pasipo mwenzi; (un-
married man) -stooa, billa mke,
(woman) -stoolewa, billa mume,
jane; (sincere) -sto na hila, -eupe,
amini. Single combat, pigano la
watu wawsli, Walk in single file,

fuatana mmoja mmoja.

Single out, v. pambanua, chagua,
twaa -moja, bagua.

Single-handed, a. peke yake | yangu,
&c. }.

Single-hearted, Single-minded,
a. amini, -nyofu, -eupe, -enyt moyo
mweupe, -a nta moja tu.

Singleness, n. kuwa -moja, up-
weke, umoja; (sincerity) weupe,
amini.

Single-stiok, n. fimbo la kupigania,
gongo |ma-).

Singly, adv. -moja -moja, killa mtu
peke yake.

Singsong, n. uvumi, kuimba vt-
baya, kukokoteza sauti.

Singular, a. -a ajabu, -siona kifani,
-a peke yake, -geni,

—— n. (in grammar) (namna ya
umoja).

Singularity, n. ajabu, ugeni; (soli-
tariness) upweke, umoja.

Singularly, adv. 4adtsa, sana, haswa,
ajabu.

369

SISTER

Sinister, a. -daya, -0vu, -a kuogofya
-a ndege mbaya, -a shari.

Sink, v. (p. t. Sank, pf. t. Sunk)
samisha, tosa, didimisha, (neut.)
zama, tota, didimia, zizimia, shuka
chini; (in mud) Zopeza, (neut.)
topea; (of floor) “ta, bonyea;
(be overcome) /emewa, shindwa ;
(lessen) punguza, (neut.) punguka,
chakaa, legea: (penetrate) mywe-
wa, penya, ingia moyoni; (dig)
chimba, fukua; (put out of sight)
setirt, ficha, funika; (overwhelm)
angamiza, poteza; (reduce) shz-
sha, punguza, (neut.) shuka, &c.
Form a sinking fund, weka mali
ya kupunecuszia deni.

n. mfereji (birika, shimo) wa
aka.

Sinless, a. pasipo thambi kabisa,
billa hatiya.

Sinlessness, n. kuwa pasipo Lhambi.

Sinner, n. mwenyi | wenyi | thambi,
mfanya| wa- |ihambi, mkosaji; wa-).

Sinuosity, n. kuwa na mapindi,
mapindi, mizingo.

Sinuous, a. -enyi mapindi, -a mzingo
mzingo, -2 kusungukasunyuka.

Sip, v. onja, -nywa kidogo kudogo.

—— n. onjo (ma-]}.

Siphon, n. (kama Pipe tliyopindika,
ya kuvutia maji).

Sir, n. (in addressing) bwana; (asa
title) skekz ; (in contempt) mfwana.

Sire, n. seyidi, bwana; (of animals)
(nyama ndume msazi |,

Siren, n. (mwanamke mwenyi ku-
vuta kwa uzuri, kwa madaha,
kwa ujanja|. .

Sirloin, n. (nyama ya ng'ombe ya
kiunoni).

Sirocco, n. («pepo mbaya wa hari
sana pande za [talya).

Sirrah, n. (neno la kumtaja mtu kwa
ukali, kwa kumshutumu) mbaya
wee! ragai!

Sister, n. umbu (ma-), ndugu mke,
ndugu; (of same kind) sawa,
mwenzi, mfano; (in addressing)
dada; (by profession) | mwanamke
mtawa wa chama takatifu |. Sister-

Bb

SISTERHOOD

in-law, shemegt, wifi. Foster-sister,
ndugu kunyonya.

Sisterhood, n. kuwa Sister; (chama | Skeleton-key, n. (4

takatifu ya waanake wata wa).

Sisterlike, a. kama -a Sister.

Bit, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Sat) daa kitako,
keti, kaa: (perch) ‘ua, tulia; (have
seat, position) -wa na kili, -wa na
makali ; (hold meeting) barizi;
(for portrait) pigwa sanamu; (on
eggs) atamia; (suit) falta; (on
horseback) panda frasi. Sit up.
(in bed, &c.) ondoka; (at night)
kesha; (as nurse) ugusa usiku.
Sit up for, keshea, ngojea (mtu)
usiku. Cause (a fowl) to sit,
atamisha, wekea mayayi.

Site, n. mahali | palipochaguliwa,
pa kujengea, Src.); (ground) kt-
wanja.

Sitter, n. mwenyi kukaa kitako,
&c.

Sitting, n. kikao [vi-], kitako [ve-);
(session) baraza ; (time of business)
[muda wa kukalia kasi).

Situate, Situated, a. -Zowekwa,
-liosimama, -liopo mahali. It is
situated in Egypt, zko Misri.

Situation, n. (place) mahali; (state)
hali; (occupation) kazi. In this
situation (of affairs), mambo yakiwa
hivi,

Six, n. na a. sifa. At sixes and
sevens, fujofujo, machafuko.

Sixpence, n. [muss ya Shilling],
anna sila, pesa ashivrini na "nne.

Sixteen, n. na a. sttashara.

Sixth, a. -a sifa. Sixthly, ya sifa.

Sixtieth, a,-a settine.

Sixty, n. ma a. settini.

Size, n. ukubwa, kiasi, cheo, kadiri;
(glue) sherzs.

Skate, n. (chuma cha kutelezea juu
ya bara “|; (fish) Zaa.

— v. enda kwa Bkate.

Skein, n. fungu | fundo) la hariri

(uzi, &c.).

Skeleton, n. mifupa | yote jamii
ya mwili); (of house, &c.) miti,
majengo ; (o ship, Sc.) kiunsi;

370

SKIRT

A mere skeleton, gofu la miu,
mgofu, mifupa mitu

nguo wa ku-
fungua kufuli nyingi), king oe.
Sketch, n. choro | ma- |, sanamu | ya

kuandika kwa kalamu), chelezo,
taraktbu, habari kidogo, mado-
kezo.

— v. figa Sketch, rakibisha, eleza
kwa maneno machache, dokeza.

Sketchy, a. -a kabari chache, -a
kudokeza. kidogo kidogo, ovyo, vivi
hivi, hafifu.

Skew, a. -a mshethali, -a kwenda
upande, -a kukingama.

Skewer, n. kibanzi, kibano, mbano
(mi-), mshikiki [mi-]. Fix on
skewer, Zunga kijitini.

Skiff, n. (mashua ndogo nyembamba |.

Skill, n. akili, ustadi, welekefu.

Skilled, Skilful, a. -enys Skill. A
skilled workman, fundi [ma-},
warta, mstadi, bingwa.

Skim, v. engua: (pass close to)
ambaa, pitia upest; (hurry over)
soma kwa haraka, onja, angalia
kwa haraka.

Skim-milk, n. (maziwa yaliyoengu-
kiwa).

Skin, n. zgost; (of plants.fruit) ganda,
some: (on liquids) stando.

v. (peel) ambua. papua; (flay)

chuna; (get skin) fanya ngost, fu-

nika kwa Ngozi.
Skin-deep, a. -a juujuu, -a kupenya
kidogo tu.

Skinflint, n. bakhili, mwenyi choyo
sana,

Skinny, a. -a ngost fu, -embamiba,
-liokonda, -gofu.

Skip, v. vuka, pitia, acha.

Skipper, n. nakhotha.

Skipping-rope,n. (kamba ya mchezo
wa kurukaruka).

Skirmish, n. vita ndogo, mapigano
madogo, mwanso [mi-] wa vita,
Jaribu [ma-}, shindano | ma-).

v. pigana kidogo, jarthiana.

Skirmisher, n. afanyaye Skirmish,
mtinguliss | wa-|.

(outline) chelezo, habari kidogo. , Bkirt, n. (upande wa chini wa vasi',

SKIRT 3

upindo; (border) mpaka [mz-],
ukingo.

Skirt, v. -wa mpakani pa, pakana
na; (pass near) pitia nje, ambaa.

Skittish, a. -4 kuchezacheza.

Skittishness, n. kuchezacheza.

Skittles, n. (mchezo wa tufe na
vipande |.

Skulk, v. jificha, kimbia kwa haya
[Awa woga |, toroka, nyatanyata.
Skull, n. kitwa [ve-), fuvu la kitwa.
Skull-cap, n. (kofia ndogo ya kuga-

ndana na kitwa|.

Skunk, n. (nyama mdogo atoaye
uvundo mbaya sana).

Sky, n. uwingu (mbingu), anga,
hewa, juu. Clear sky, kweupe.
Cloudy sky, mawingu. j

Sky-blue,a. samawi, rangi ya sama-
wati.

Skylark, n. (ndege ndogo arukaye juu
sana angani |.

Skylarking, n. kuchezacheza.

Skylight, n. dirisha (ma-] la darini.

Sky-rocket, n. = Rocket.

Skyward, adv. juu sana.

Slab, n. ubamba (m- |) wa jiwe, bamba
{ma-], kibamba |ai-|.

Slack, a. (idle, lazy) -/egevu, -tepe-
teuu, -sembe, -vivu; (loose) -/to-
legea; (weak) thatfu; (slow) sz
epesi.

—— v. legesa. punguka, tuliza, (neut.)
punguka, legea. ,

Slacken, v. = Slack.

Slackness, n. ulegevu, Sc. (Zaz.
Slack, n.).

Slag, n. (mawe ya madini yaliyo-
kwisha chomwa kalibuni), mavi
ya chuma |madini, 8:c.), tomo la
chuma.

Slain, pf. t. ya Slay.

Slake, v. sia, tulisa, punguza; (of
lime, 8c.) #a maji.

Slam, v. shindtka kwa mshindo.

n. mshindo (mi-).

‘Slander, n. mastngisto, UZUZI.

—— V. singizia, amba, sema.

Slanderer, n. m2ust, msingisia,

Slanderous, a. -4 Slander.

1 SLAVE

kawaida, usemi
mba).

Slank, p. t. ya Slink.

Slant, v. enda upande, lekeza upande,
inama, inamisha.

n. kwenda upande, &c.; maina~
mizi (Taz. Slope, n.).-

——, Slanting, a. (sideways) -a
kwenda upande, -a upande, mshe-
thait; (down, up) -a kuinama, -d

upanda.

wa kimasha-

Slap, v. piga kofi, chapa.

——n. kofi [ma-].

Slash, v. /ema, katakata; (scarify)
toja.

n. tema, tojo.

State, n. (jiwe la mbamba; (for
writing on) jiwe /a kuandikia kama
kibau, kibau; (for roofing) jzwe la
kufunikia nyumba juu, kama to-
fal).

Slate-pencil, n. kafamu ya Slate.

Slating, n. (Slates, za juu ya nyu-
mba).

Slattern, n. mwanamke mkoo (asi-
yetengencka nguo ao nyumba),.

Slatternly, a. kama Slattern.

Slaty, a. Lama Slate.

Slaughter, n. (of animals) kuchinja,
machinjo ; (of men) mauaji, mauts
mengi, haribu kubwa.

—— v. chinja, ua -ingt, ua burre,

Slaughter-house; n. matindo.

Slaughterman, n. mchinja nyama.

Slaughterous, a. -a kiwaji, -a ku-
chinja.

Slave, n. mtumwa [wa-), hadimu
(ma-), mtwana [wa-]; (boy) ki-
fwana ; (girl) kijakazi (0:-); (wo-
man) mzsakazi | wa-J; (concubine)
suria |ma-); (raw) mjinga; (home-
born) mzalia [wa-]; (runaway)
mtoro [wa-]; (fellow) molz [wa-];
(household) £igo/: [vs-]; (taken in
war) teka |ma- |); (thoroughly do-
mesticated) #22; (highly trained)
mstaarabu; (weak, slavish) (mtu
thatfu, asiye na neno, hana kalima,
kama mtumwa). A slave to drink,
mlevi mtupu.

Slang, n. (maneno yasiyo fasihi ao) —— v. [-wa kama Slave; fanya

Bba

SLAVER

$72

SLIP

kasi nyingi burre, nyingi mno),| Sleight, n. werevu, hila, uhodari.

pisumbulia kazi.

Slaver, n. mwuza wafu; (vessel)
chombo cha kuchukulia watumwa;
(spittle) mate.

Slavery, n. utumwa, kazi ya lasimu.

Slave-stick, n. kongwa.

Slave-trade, n. diashara ya wa-
tumwa.

Slave-trader, n. mwusza wafu,
mfanyi biashara ya watumwa.

Slavish, a. -a kitumwa, -nyonge,
-baya.

Slay. v. (p. t. Slew, pf. t. Slain) ua,

isha, chinja.

Slayer, n. mwuaji (wa- |.

Sledge, n. (gari la kuteleza chini
kwa vyuma. si kwa gurudumu|.

—— v. enda kwa Sledge.

Sledge-hammer, n. (nyundo kubwa
na nzilo|.

Sleek, a. -enyi mafuta mengi, -lione-
nepa; (animals) -nono.

Sleekness, n. kuwa na mafuta
mengi ( Taz. Sleek).

Sleep, n. usingizi, z2ngizi, kulala.

lala usingizi, lala; (be unused) -fa,
st tumika, tulia. Be fit to sleep in,
lalika. Things to sleep on, ma-
lalo.

Sleeper, n. msinsia; (of railway)
(mti wa kuchukua Rails), kigogo.

Sleepiness, n. kuwa Sleepy, macho
mazito.

Sleeping-place, n. malalo. kilalo.
Sleeping-bag, fumba | ma-).

Sleepless, 2. -siofafa usingizi, pa-
sipo kusinzia.

Sleep-walker, n. [atembeaye kwa
usingizi).

Sleepy, a. -enyi usingizi, -2il0, -enyi

lemewa na usingizi.

Sleet, n. (mvua iliochangamana na
theluji, baridi sana).

Sleety, a. -a Sleet.

Sleeve, n. mkono [mt-| wa vast,
In one’s sleeve, kwa siri,

Sleeveless, a. -sto ma Sleeves, -a
kwapa.

Sleigh, n. = Sledge.

v. (p.t. na pf. t. Slept) sinsia,

Sleight of hand, kiinimacho, ma-
singa umbo, misungu.

Slender, a.-embamda ; (slight, small)
-dogo, -chache.

Slenderness, n. wembamba, &c.

Slept, p. t. xa pf. t. ya Sleep, v.

Slew, p. t. ya Slay.

Slice, n. kipande chembamba.

— v. kata vipande vyembamba

Slid, p. t. za pf. t. ya Slide.

Slide, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Slid) seleza,
ponyoka; (move easily) pita upesi
(rahisi) sana. Let things slide,
Jitoa, acha, si angalia.

——n. kuteleza; |makali pa hute-
lesa; kitu chenyt kutelesa; sana-
mu ya ktoo katika Magic lantern |.

Slider, n. [mtu ao kitu cha kuteleza).

Sliding-scale, n. | kanuni ya kodi ao
mshahara yenyi kubadilika).

Slight, v. ‘tharau, fyonya, twesa,
purukusha, pitia, hizi.

n. mfyonyo, mtweso, tharan,

chukizo.

a. -dogo, -embamba, kidogo,
hafifu, thaifu.

Slightly, adv. kidogo.

Slightness, n. udogo, &c.

Slily, adv. kwa werevu, kwa kila,
kwa kujificha, kwa siri.

Slim, a. -embamoba.

Slime, n. tope la kunata.

Slimy, a. -¢ Slime, sama Slime.

Sling, n. kombeo [ma-]|; (for arm)
(kitambaa cha kuchukua mkono;
(for hoisting, &c.) kamba na
vyango vya kutungikia), tanst, st-
lingi.

—— v.(p. t. na pf. t. Slang) peice
kombeo, tupa kwa kombeo; (hoist)

tungika kwa kamba.
Slink, v. (p. t. Slank, Slunk, pf. t.
Slunk) syatanyata, enda kwa

haya | kwa woga), jtkunja.

Slip, v. Zeleza, ponyoka, chopoka,
churupuka ; (pass by, into, out of,
Sc.) pitia, penya kwa siri, ingia
kwa nasibu | kwa hila, kwa kosa),
toka upesi; (err) kosa; (insert)
penyesha; (of dogs) za.

SLIP

Slip out (off, away), chopoa. Slip
the cable, fupa [acha] manga.
Slip on (slip off), yaa | vua) upesi.
Let slip, acha, angusha, fungulia.

Slip, n. uéelezt; (error) kosa [ma-];
(of tree) mche |mi- |); (small bit)
kipande chembamba; (leash)
kitanzi; (in ship-building) (#ahalé
pa kuundia chombo). Give the
slip to, kimbia, toroka,

Slipknot, n. kifanzi.

Slipper, n. kiatu [vs-] chepesi.

Slippered, a. -/zovaa Slippers.

Slipperiness, n. #lelezi.

Slippery, a. -enyt malelezi ; (cun-
ning) anja, -erevu.

Slipshod, a. -stotengenehka, si lara-
tibu, st halisi, -bayabaya.

Slit, v. (p. t. ma pf. t. Slat) pasua, ka-
fa; (sugar-cane, &c.) chana, tana.

—— n. ufa mdogo |ny-), miat (mi-),
mfuo |mi-).

Sloe, n. (tunda la Ulaya, kama

fuu).

Sloop, n. | chombo cha kizungu chenyi
mlingote mmoja, manowari ndogo |.

Slop, n. (maji yaliomwagika kwa
haraka). Slops, maji ya taka;
(marine) (mavazi, nguo, Visu,
sabuni zikiuzwa merikebuni, ta-
kataka|.

v. mwaga burre |kwa kulo-

angalia).

Slope, n. telem’ko, mainamizi, kuji-
tuka, kilima, kwenda chini; (ot
hill) mbavu.

v. fanyisa Slope, chongoa ;
(neut.) exama, jituka, enaa chini.

Sloping, a. -ezyz Slope, mshethalt.

Sloppy, a. -4 Slops, majimaji, che-
pechepe.

Slop-shop, n. duka la mavazi.

Slot, n. kuo [ma-], mfuo (mi-).

Sloth, n. uvivu, uzembe, ulegevu;
(animal) (myama ya Amerika ya
kupanda miti).

Slothful, a. -vivu, &c. (Zaz. Bloth).

Slouch, n. kuinama kitwa ; (of gait)
mwendo mailto, kujtkokota.

v. tnama ; jthokota.

Blough, n. siwa la matope mengi;

373

SMACK

(cast skin) gost kavu [ya kua-
mbuka), mavulio; (decaying mat-
ter) (myama mbovu iliyooza |.

Slough, v. (of ulcer, &c.) oza;
(change skin) ambuka, jigeua ngozi.

Sloven, n. moo.

Slovenliness, n. fujofujo, ukoo.

Slovenly, a. -400.

Slow, a. -a kwenda polepole, -a kuka-
wia, -zilo, -a nyuma, -a kuchelewa,
St -epest.

Slowly, adv. polepole, taratibu, &c.
(Zaz. Blow). Go slowly, szkokota.
Do slowly, 4okoteza.

Slowness, n. kwenda polepole, Sc.

Slug, n. (konokono kubwa); (shot)
[malisaa makubwa|. .

Sluggard, n. mvivu [wa-], mzito,
mlepelevu, msinzia, mzembe.

Sluggish, a. -vivu, zilo, -a kwenda
pole.

Sluice, n. mfereji [mi-], mlango
[me2-]| wa maji.

Slum, n. mtaa (mi-) mbaya (wa
watu wabaya, wanyonge, maskini),
makao ya maskini.

Slumber, v. sizzia, lala; (be in-
active) kaakaa, jrkalia.

n. usingizi ; kukaakaa.

Slung, p. t. za pf. t. ya Sling, v.

Slunk, pf. t. ya Slink.

Slur, n. aibu, fetheha.

v. (disprace) azdisha; (pass
hastily) paza upesi, setirt; (pio-
nounce indistinctly) soa sauti st
wast, tam ka kwa haraka si thahirt,
kokoleza maneno.

Slush, n. (maji na theluji yakila-
ngamanaj.

Slut, n. mkoo.

Sluttish, a. -ko0.

Sly, a. -janja, -erevu; (playful) -a
mzaha. On the sly, kwa siri, kwa
maficho.

Slyness, n. ujanja, Sc.

Smack,n. kofi [ma-]; (taste) utamu,
luththa ; (little bit) £idogo ; (small
boat) chombo kidogo.

v. piga kofi; (the lips) alisha

(midomo). Smackof,-wana utamu

wa, fanana kidogo na, onya kidogo.

SMALL

Small, a. -dogo, -embamba, hafifu,
thatfu, -fupi, kidogo. Small hours,
[ustku wa manane hatta assubut).
Small talk, maongezi tu, vijineno.

Smallness, n. wdogo, Sc.

Small-pox, n. ndui.

Smart, a. -malidadi, marint, -pambt,
enyi urembo; (quick) hodari,
-cpest, -a nguvu, -kalt, -a akili.
Smart young people, vijana ma-
ini.

—— v. washa; (suffer) #wa athabu,

lia

n. kuchoma, kuwasha, uchungu,
ukali.

Smartness, n. urembo, &c.; wepesi,
&c. (Zaz, Smart, a.).

Smash, v. vunja, ponda, seta; (rain)
angamiza.

n. mavunjiko, maangamizi.

Smatter (of), V. -wa na utamu wa,
Janana kidogo na, onya kidogo.

Smattering, n. (of knowledge) £:-
dogo, nussu. .

Smear, v. paka.

n.wal(ma-|j.

Smell, v. (p.t. za pf. t. Smelt) musa ;
(neut.) toa harufu; (sweet) nukia ;
(nasty) muka, nuka vtbaya, toa
uvundu.

n. harufu, manuka; (sweet)
manukato, kunukia; (bad) harufu
mbaya, uvundu.

Smeliing-bottle, n. mrashz (mi-).

Smelt, n. Jamali ya Ulaya, kama

Salmon

—— v. (choma moto mawe, yeyusha
mawe yenyi madini ), yeyusha.

Smile, v. cheka, chekelea. Smile on,
pendelea.

n.cheko | ma-), kicheko; (favour)
upendeleo.

Smirk, v. chekelea kijinga (ovyo].

n. cheko la kijinga.

Smite, v. (p.t. Smote, pf.t. Smitten)
piga, shinda, ua, choma,

Smith, n. mfua [wa-] madini, mhu-
nzi |wa-), fundi (ma-] wa madini.

Smithy, n. ya kufanya kasi Smith,
kiwanja cha Smith).

Smitten, pf. t. ya Smite.

374

SNAIL

Smock-frock, n. (kanzu fupi ya
mkulima |, gwanda.

Smoke, n. moshi (mi-), mvuke;

“(idle talk) mawe, upuzi; (with -
pipe) kuvuta tumbako.

v. toa moshi; (neut.) fuka, toka
moshi; (with pipe) vuta tumbako ;
(for disinfection, &c.) #a moshi
makusudt, safisha kwa moshi | kwa
kiberiti, uvumba, Sc.);. (drive
away by smoke) fukuza kwa moshi;

Smokeless, a. pastpo moshi.

Smoker, n. mvula tumbako,

Smokiness, n. kuwa Smoky.

Smoky, a. -a@ moshi, -enyi moshi
mwingi, kama moshi.

Smooth, a. /Zaini, sawa, -ororo;
(easy, gentle) rahisi, taratedu,
-pole; (flattering) -a kujipendekeza,
-a kupendeza.

—— v. fanya Smooth, fandaza, lat-
nisha, &c.; (make easy) rahkrsisha ;
(quiet) Zuliza, punguza.

Smoothing-iron, n. pasz.

Smooth-tongued, a. -a kusifu mno,
-a kudanganya, -a kusema uwongo.

Smote, p. t. ya Smite.

Smother, v.songa roho, songa, nyonga,
kaba; (cover wholly) funika pia ;
(hide) setsré, ficha.

Smoulder, v. [waka na toka moshi
st moto, kama kunt katika tanuu);
(be inactive) sinzia ; (ready to re-
vive) -wa tayari kuwaka | kuam'ka,
kupata nguvu tena).

Smugele,v. [ fanya Smuggling, usa
na nunua pasipo kuloa kodi fortha-
ni); peleka kwa siri.

Smuggler, n. mfanyi Smuggling,
mwiba ushuru, mwizi (west |.

Smuggling, n. (kukuza na kununua
pasipo kutoa kodi forthant, biashara
ya haramu), iba ushuru ; kupeleka
kwa siri.

Smut, n. masisi, uchafu.

Smutty, a. -4 Smut.

Snaffie, n. /zjamu ndogo.

Snag, n. (tawi fupi lililovunjika ;
(in river) mti [ms2-], gogo [ma-],
tawi (ma-].

Snail, n. koa [ma-], konokono [wa-].

SNAKE 3

Snake, n. nyoka ; (large) joka [ma-].

Snap, v. vunja [vunjitka| ghdfala;
(twigs, Sc.) konyoa; (click) alika ;
(bite at) myakua, taka kuuma
ghdfala. Snap one’s fingers at,
twesa, tharau, fyonya.

n. kuvunja ghdfala, &c., kupele-
kea meno. Sunap-shot, mpigo wa
ghdfala.

Snappish, a. -kafi.

Snare, n.skabuka, mtego(mzt-], tanzi;
(spring) mtambo (maj.

v. tega, kamalfa, nasa.

Snarl,n. | miiokama wa mbwa mkati |).

—— v. toa Snarl; toa maneno ma-
kali, gomba.

Snatch, v. nyakua, chopoa, pokonya,
nyang'anya ; (take guickly) kama-
tia, jipatia, upesi.

n. kunyakua, &c., mnyakuo.

Sneak, v. nyata, jikunja [Awa woga
ao haya kama mwivi) 3 (tell tales)
chongea.

n. mwoga, mchongezi, mnyonge,

Sneer, v. cheka, twesa, sema kwa

tharau.

n. meno la thihaka, neno la ku-
mkweza mtu, utusi | ma- |.

Sneeze, n. chafya, shamua.

v. piga chafya. Not to be
sneezed at, sz -baya, si -nyonge.
Sniff, v. [vuta hewa kwa pua, vula

makamast\; (smell) musa.

Snip, v. kata (kwa makasi).

Snipe, n. (ndege ndogo ya Ulaya |.

Snivel, v. toa makamasi | kwa kulia).

Snore, n. koroma | la usingizi |.

v. piga koroma | kwa usingizi |.

Snort, n. koroma (la nyama|.

—— v. piga koroma [nyama}.

Snout, n. pua |/a nyama|.

Snow, n. chelujt, | umande ulioganda-

' mana kwa baridi, mvua kama ma-

; chicha ya nazi).

v. -nya theluji.
Snowball, n. tufe ya theluji.
Snow-blindness, n kupofuka kwa

mwanga wa theluji).
Snow-drift,n.thelujt chunguchungu,
Snowdrop, n. (“a dogo jeupe zuri
sana},

5 SOBERNESS

Snow-flake, n. (kidogo cha thelujt,
kama nyoya, kama laika |.

Snow-plough,n.[garz la kuondoshea
theluji njiani).

Snow-shoe, n. |kiafu cha kutelezea.
Juu ya theluji).

Snowy, a. -4 Zheluji, kama theluji,
-cupe sana.

Snub, v. chokoza, sumbua, karipia,
kemea, nyamazisha kwa tharau.

Snub-nose, n. pwa fupi.

Snuff, n. tumbako ya kunusa.

—— v. vula hewa puani, nusanusa.

Snuff-box, n. Zabakelo, kijamanda

vi-|.

Sumo, v. = Sniff; sema kwa pua.

—— n. “semi wa puani | wa kipua|.

Snug, a. -2 kulengenea, -a kutenge-
leha -a kukaa vizuri, -a raha
mstarehe.

Bo,adv.na conj. (thus) 4zvi, vivi hive,
hkathditzka; (therefore; Awa hiyo,
hivyo, basst; (very) sana. So that,
So...that, So...as to, So as tu,
(of consequence) Aatia; (of pur-
pose) kwa ginsi, kusudi. So far as,
kadiri ya, hatta. Soandso, fullant.
So so, v3vi hivt, kidogo. Soto speak,
kama hivi, kunrathi nikisema
hivi.

Soak, v. fa maji, nywesha maji,

chovya, lowesha; (neut.) /owa,
lowana, loweka, owama. Soak up,
-nywa.

Soaked, a. (soaking wet) chepe chepe,
maji maji, -a kulowa.

Soap, n. sabuni. .

Soapy, a. -4 sabuni, kama sabuni;
(flattering) -a kujipendekeza.

Soar, v. ruka juu kwa mabawa, paa
angani.

Sob, n. kulia kwa kwikwi | kwa
kukwi), kitefutefu.

— v. ha kwa juhudi, sema kwa
kulia,

Sober, a. kiasi, -enyi akili, -a kuji-
weza, -tulivu,taratibu; (not drunk)
~stolewa, -si -levi.

—— v. #ia Boberness; ondoa ulevi.

Soberness, Sobriety, n. £wwa
Sober.

SOBRIQUET

Sobriquet, n. msibo, kistbo, jina la
kupangwa.

Sociability, n. [ali (tabia, moyo)
ya kuwa Sociable|.

Sociable, a. -a@ ulu mwema, -kunju-
J, -a hukaribisha watu, -a rafiki
wengi, -a kupenda maongezi ya wa-
lu, -a maongezi mengi, -a urafiki
sana.

Social, a. -4 wafu jamii, -a watu
wote, -a watu wao kwa. wao;
+ Bociable. Social science, [e/2-
mu ya mambo ya kukaa vema wengi
pamoja na kutendeana mazuri wafu
jamii). Social position, cheo, So-
cial interests (duties, concerns),
mambo yapasayo watu wote, wa-
nayopasana wafu.

Socialism, n. | kusema ‘ Hali hii ya
kukaa watu na kuwiana iliyopo
haifai; iengenezwe, watu wengi
wapate hali bora zayidi. |

Society, n. | wafu wengi wakikaa pa-
moja jamii ; kundi la watu wenyi
shauri moja ao hali moja; chama
ao shirika la watu\; (in general)
watu, waanadamu, watu wote;
(gentry) wangwana ; (intercourse)
kukaa pamoja, kuongea, kuonge-
ana, mazungumzo. Female society,
mazungumzo ya waanake. He is
tond of society, apenda kuongea
na watu,

Sock, n. (kama mfuko wa mguu chi-
nt}.

Socket, n. fundu, kitundu.

Sod, n. dumba [ma-, la udongo na
majani yake |.

Soda, n. magadi.

Soda-water, n. [wast ya kizungu,
ya pofupofu).

Sodden, a. chepechepe, majimaji ;
-lokunywa sana, -levi sana.

Sodomite, n. mwenyi Sodomy.

Sodomy, n. [thambi. ya wafu wa
Sodom], kufira, kufirana.

Sofa, n. kitanda [cha kupumzikia
mchana|.

Soft, a. -0roro, teketeke, -anana, lat-
nz; (pleasant) -a kupendeza, -lamy;
(gentle) -fole; (feeble) sthaifu;

376

SOLEMN

(foolish) -a@ akili chache, -jinga.
Feel soft, dopa. Soft water, maji
ya mvua. Soft mud, fope nye-
mbamba.

Soften, v. fanya Soft; (mitigate)
tuliza, punguza, fanya rahisi;
(palliate) ombea, tetea.

Softness, n. wororo, ulaint, &c. ( Taz.
Soft).

Soil, n. (earth) udongo; (heavy) udo-
ngo mzilo ; (light, sandy), ufange,
tifutifu; (as property, land) arthz
(Ar.) ; (country) :mchi. Owner of
the soil, mwenyeji wa shamba.

—— v. tia taka, chafua.

Soirée, n. [mkutano wa wafu waki-
sungumezana, baraza ya usiku).

Sojourn, v. kaa, shinda.

n. kukaa, muda wa kukaa,
kikao.

Sojourner, n. mgeni, msafiri, mpi-
tajt, st mkazi, mpila njia.

Solace, v. fariji, tuliza, -pa moyo,
tumbuiza, burudisha.

——n. faraja, tumbuiso.

Solar, a.-2 sua. The solar system,
ua pamoja na sayari zake zote
silizungukaso |.

Sold, p.t. na pf. t. ya Bell.

Solder, n. lehemu, lihamu, lisast.

— v. tia Solder, unganisha kwa
Solder, /ehemu.

Soldier, n. asikari, mwenyi maarifa
ya vila. -

Soldierlike, Soldierly, a.-a kusia-
hili asikari, kama asikari,

Soldiery, n. asikari jamii.

Sole, n. (of foot) wayo |ny-), chini
ya mguu; (of shoe, boot) ngozi
ya kiatu chini; (fish) (samaki
pana|.

—— a. peke yake | yao, Stc.), -moja tu,
pasipo mwenzi.

Solecism, n. | #semi mkosefu usio sa-
hih: ao safi, neno la kimashamba);
(error) kosa [ma-].

Solely, adv. pia, kabisa, fu

Solemn, a. -a aint, -a ibada ya Muu-
ngu, -a kumkumbuka Muungu,
-a kustahili dini; (orderly, rever-
ent) -fole, taratibu, -zilo, -a heshi-

SOLEMNITY

ma, -chaji,-a kita wa; (impressive)
-@ kutuliza moyo.

Solemnity, n. (ceremonial) kawaida
ya dini, ibada; (reverence) hesht-
ma, taratibu, uzilo, ukumbusho
wa Muungu, uchaji ; (impressive-
ness) ufulizo.

Solemnization, n. | kufanyika kwa
ginsi ya dini, kufanya tarati-

Solemnise, v. athimisha, tukuza,
fanya kwa heshima; (impress,awe)
kumbusha Muungu, tuliza.

Solemnness, n. Aali ya kuwa
Solemn.

Sol-fa, n. (namna ya kufundisha
kuimba).

Solicit, v. omba, taka, stht, toiea
haja; (attract. excite) vata, tama-
nisha, chomesha.

Solicitation, n. kuomba, maombi,
haja; (immoral) matongozt.

Solicitor, n. mwalimu wa sheria,
mwana sheria. _

Solicitous, a. -esyi kutaka, -a kujt-
sumbulia | neno), -angalifu.

Solicitude, n. kujisumbua, moyo wa
kutaka, mashaka, tamaa.

Solid, a. (firm) yabis, imara, tha-
biti, -a nguvu; (massiye, compact)
nene, si wazi ndani, -240, -Sima,
-gumtu, -kavu.

n. kitu kigumu |kikavu, ki-
shikikacho).

Solidarity, n. #moja, kuwa halt
moja, kushariktana wengi | hatta
kuwa kama mmoja).

Solidification, n. kufanyika Solid.

Solidify, v. fanya Solid ; (set hard)
gandamiza, gandamana, ganda,

Solidity, Solidness, n. kuwa Solid,
ugumu, Sc. kugandamana, kufu-
ngamana, kushikamana.

Soliloquize, v. jtsumgumza, nena
kwa peke yake.

Soliloguy, n. kusema na nafsi yake
(yako, &c.], kunena peke yake | ya-
ko, Sc. |.

Solitariness,n. upweke, ukiwa; (sin-
gleness) umoja.

Solitary, a. -a peke yake, -mija tu,

377

SOMETHING

mbali, pasipo watu, -a kukaa peke
yake, -kiwa.

Solitary, n. mkaa pekee, mkiwa.

Solitude,n. upekee,upweke; (privacy)
faragha ; (uninhabited place) uki-
wa; (abandoned place) makame.

Solo, n. (wimbo wa mtu mmoja peke
yake).

Soloist, n. (mwenyi kuimba peke
yake).

Solstice,n.( mwisho wajua kufika ku-
s2m1 ao kaskazini, kikomo cha jua).

Solstitial, a. -2 Solstice.

Solubility, n. kuyeyuka.

Soluble, a. -a kuyeyuka.

Solution, n. (breaking) kuvunja;
(dissolved substance) | kifu kilicho-
yeyuka na majt\; (explanation)
elezo, kufumbua.

Solvable, a. -a kufumbulika.

Solve,v.(explain) elesa, fumbua; (put
an end to) ondoa, komesha, shinda.

Solvency, n. kuweza lipa dent.

Solvent, n. -a kuyeyusha; (of debts)
-a kuweza lipa dent, -enyt malt.

Solver, n. (mwenyi kueleza ao kufu-
mbua).

Sombre, a. -4 giza, -eust, -stfo, -a
husuni.

Some, a. baathi ya, -ngine; (part)
nussu, kidogo ; (about) kama, kari-
bu; (a certain amount of) ka-
dirt, -ingi kidogo. 1 want some
water, nafaka maji. Some man,
Some one, mfu, miu mmoja, sijui
nani. Some one or other, mnya-
ngdlika| wa- |). Someday. pana siku,
kwa siku moja, mwakant, sijut lini.

Somebody, Some one, n. mfu, mtu
mmoja, mtu mkubwa.

Somehow, adv, Somehow orother,
kwa njia yo yote, kwa vyovyote,
zwezavyo, sijui kwaje.

Somersault, n. kifwangomba, kupst-
nduka.

Something, n. za adv. kifu, jambo,
neno, kitu kimoja, sijui nini; (a
little) yambo dogo, kidogo; (much)
jambo kubwa. Someth.ngofa ca-
lamity, kama msiba, msiba kidogo.
That is something, ndio hers,

SOMETIME

Sometime, adv. pana siku, siku
moja, kwa siku yake, twesapo, sijui
lini, tangu hapo.

Sometimes, adv. fana siku, pangine-
pangine, marra marra.

Somewhat, n. na adv. neno, kitu,
jambo; kidogo.

Somewhere, adv. fana mahali, #we-
sapo, po pote, sijui wapi.

Somnambulism, n. kutembea kwa
usingizi.

Somnambulist, n. atembeaye kwa
usingizi,

Somnolence, n. usingizi, kusinsia,
macho maztto.

Somnolent, a. -4 Somnolence.

Son, n. mwana [wa-], kijana [vi-],
mtoto mume. y son, mwanangu.
Son of, wa, wadi, bin. Son-in-law,
mkwe | wa-|,

Sonata, n. (namna ya Music, ya
kuliza kinanda, zeze, Stc.|.

Song, n. uimbo|ny-|); (dance) ufu-
mbuizo.

Songster, n. mwimbaji (ndege|.

Sonnet, n. [wlenst mfupi|.

Sonorous, a. -a kusia wazi, -a sauli
kubwa, -a kuvuma sana.

Sonorousness, n. kuvuma sana.

Sonship, n. kuwa mwana, uana.

Soon, adv, karibu, halafu, marra
moja, bado kidogo, upesi. As soon
as | can, upesi niwezavyo, marra
niwezapo. As soon, sawasawa,
zayidi, afathali, I would just as
soon die, sawasawa kufa, afathali
nife, mimi tayari kufa.

Sooner, adv. kwanza. upesi, mbele;
(better) zayidi, afalhali, bora.
would sooner go, nafaka kwenda,
afathali niende. No sooner was it
done than, marwa hiyo ilipofanyika.
Sooner or later, kakuna budai.

Soot, n. masizi, kaamoshi.

Sooth, n. kweli. In sooth, kweli.

Soothe, v. /ulisa, fariji, tumbuiza,
rithtsha, burudisha.

Soothing, a.-a kutuliza, &c. (Taz.
Soothe).

Soothsayer, n. kahini [ma-], mnajt-
mu | wa- |.

878

SORT

Sooty, a. -2 Soot, -eust sana.

Sop, n. | kitonge kilichochovyekamchu-
zani ; (douceur) kifulizo cha moyo).

Sophism,n. neno danganyifu neno la
kupendekeza uwongo, hoja ya ovyo.

Sophist, mtumia Sophism.

Sophistical, Sophistic,
Sophist.

Sophisticate, v. hartbu tabia, potoa,
ghoshi.

Sophistication, n. kuharidu tabia,
&c.

Sophistry, n. (kufumita Sophism],
maneno ya hila | madanganyifu |.

Soporific, a. -4 kulia usingizi.

Soppy, a. chepechepe.

Soprano, n. = Treble, sauti nye-
mbamba | katika kuimba).

Sorcerer, n. mchawi (wa- |.

Sorcery, n. #chawi.

Sordid, a. -nyonge, -baya, hafifu.

Sordidness, n. unyonge, &c.

Sore, n. kidonda |vi-), donda | ma-] ;
(scrofulous) #/2, myungunyungu ;
(small) kipele, kijeraha ; (venereal)
sekeneko.

— a. -a kuwasha, -a kuuma; (in
mind) -enyt uchungu.

adv. sana.

Sorely, adv. kwa ginsi ya kuumiza ;
(much) sana.

Sorrel, n. (majani machungu).

—— a. [-@ rangi nyekundu |.

Sorrow, n. husunz, sikiliko, hasara-
nit, hamu, usito ; (for loss) majonzi ;
(for offence) majuto, toba ; (great)

Jitimai, simanzi.

Sorrowful, a. -enyz Sorrow.

Sorry, a. -enyi Sorrow ; -enyz toba,

-a majuto; (poor, worthless) A4a-
Jifu, -nyonge, maskini. Be sorry
for, stkitikia, hurumia; (regret)
tubia, jutia. 1 am sorry for him,
nina kite naye.

Sort, n. ginsi, namna, aina; (rank,
position) cheo, daraja, halk, Of
a sort or kind, (like) £2-, -a ki-, e.g.
of a European sort, -a kisungu.
A sort of, -nyangditka. He is out
of sorts, hawesi kidogo.

—— v. (classify) tenga, pambanua,

a. Aa

SORTIE 3

ainisha, gawanya ; (arrange) ands-
ka, panga.

Sortie, n. | kufoka bomani na kupiga-

na nje).

Sot, n. mlevi [wa-].

Soteriology, n. (kabari ya kuo-
kozwa na Isa Masiya |.

Sottish, a. -devz.

Sought, p. t. za pf. t. ya Seek.

Soul, n, roho, moyo, nafsi ; (mind)
akili; (person) mtu (wa-). Dis-
embodied soul, A¢vult cha roho.

Soulless, a. -nyonge, -baya, -0ga.

Sound, a. (complete) -sima, kamili ;
(correct) halesz, sahihi; (true) -a
kweli, -a hakika; (firm) Zhabiti,
tmara; (trustworthy) amini, -nyo-
Ju; (strong) -a nguvu. He is a
man of sound judgement, yunaakili
njema, amefunguliwa htri. Sound
sleep, usimgize mztto. A sound
beating, kupiga sana. Sound in
health, -zéma. Safe and sound,
salamu salimini.

n. (voice, &c.) saufi, mlto; (cry)
lio [ma-], kilio [vt-]; (report)
mshindo; (roar) uvumi; (shout)
kelele [ma-)\; (drum) ngoma, mdu-
ndo; (strait) (m/ango mwembamba
wa maji).

v. toa Bound, fumia Sound,
lia, lisa, vuma; (ascertain depth)
tia bildi, pima maji kwa bildi;
(test, prove) jaribia moyo, hakikia
shaurt, hoji, dadisi, tasamia hali.
Sound a retreat, amuru | kwa pa-
nda) kurudi. Sound the praises
of, sifu wazi. Sound hollow, Za
wast. It sounds nice, amu kusikia,
yavuma. Sound like, -wa kama,
fanana na.

Sounding, n. (kuloa Sound, &c.
(Zaz; Sound, v.)]. Take sound-
ings, pima maji kwa bilde.

a. -a kulia, -a kuvuma, -enyi
fahari.

Soundly, adv. sana, kwa nguvu.

Soundness, n. kuwa Sound, a.

Soup, n. mchuzi.

Sour, a. -kali, -chungu, -a chachu. —

v. fanya (fanyika) Sour,

9 SPACIOUS

wees (spoil) karibu (labia,

. &c. |.

Source, n. asili, chimbuko, mwanzo,
awali; (of river) chemchemi.

Bourness, n. #kali, kuwa Sour, a.

Sour-sop, n. (tiuit) stafels, topetope.

Souse, v. chovyachovya, mwagia
maji tele, suza, lowesha.

South, n. kusini, suheli. South
wind, kusi. The South, upande wa
kusini, inchi za kusini.

—— a. -a kusini, -a upande wa
kusini.

adv. kwa kusini,

South-east, n. aktrab mailai (Ar.).

Southerly, Southern, Southward,
a. -a kusini, -a upande wa kusini.
Southern Cross, (nyota nne za
kusini kama mfano wa msalaba).

South-west, n. akrab magaribi
(Ar.).

Souvenir, n. ukumbusho, ukumbu-
kumbu ; (of lover) Aabéa.

Sovereign, n. mwenyi enzi (ezi),
mwenyi inchi| mji), mfalme| wa- |;
(coin) robo Ingerezi | ya thahabu,
thamani yake kama rupia hamsta-
shara).

a. -enyi Sovereignty, -a nguvu
kuu.

Sovereignty, n. ¢nzt, est, hukumu,
utawala, mamlaka.

Bow, n. nguruwe jike. ;

pf.t. Sowed, Sown) panda;
(spread abont) Zapanya, eneza.

Sower, n. mpanda | wa- |), mpanzi.

Sowing, n. mpando cnet majira ya
kupanda.

—— Y,

Sown, pf.t. ya Bow.

Spa, n. |mji penyi kisima kizuri
sana|.

Space, n. (room) mafasi, mahali
patupu, mahali ; (open) uwanda,
peupe; (of time) muda; (interval,
distance) urefu wa kati, mahali pa
kati,kitambo,nafasi; (opportunity)
njia, chimbuko, nafasi. Absolute
space, | nafasi tupu, mahali pasipo
kitu)

Spacious, a, -kubwa, -pana, -enyi
nafasi.

SPADE

Spade, n. zembe la kizungu.

Span, n. shibird [shtbri]. futurt; (pe-
riod) s#uda, kitambo; (ot bridge, &c.)
urefu,enco, upana; (arch) tao[ ma-|.

v. pila juu ya.

—— p.t. ya Spin.

Spangle, n. pufuki.

—v. pamba kwa pulukt, meremesha.

Spangled, a. -enyt vimeta, -enyi
nyota nyingi.

Spaniel, n. (mbwa wa kizungu).

Spanking, a. -4 kwenda upesi.

Spar, n. mti (mz-), boritz, komba-
moyo [ma-|; (mineral) | jiwe la
kung'aa laini).

— v. pigana konde kwa mchezo,
shindana.

Spare, v. doa haba, tumia -chache;
(let off, relieve) achilia, rehemta,
pendelea, pumzisha; (reserve) ji-
wekea akiba, jipatia, jitwalia, ji-
nyima; (keep back) shika, zuta.
Be enough and to spare, Zosha
hatta na kusaza.

a. (scanty) haba, -chache;
(moderate) kiasi ; (reserved) -a@ akz-
ba, -a kuweka, -sto na kazi, -a fara-
gha; (thin) -embamba, -a kukonda.

Sparing, a. kiasi, -a kupizuta, -a
kutoa -chache, -hiana, -kabithz.

Spark, n. cheche [ma-}, kimeta;
(small quantity) &zdogo.

Sparkle, n. kimeta, cheche.

v. metameta, meremeta, meme-
tuka.

Sparkling, a. -a kumetameta, &c.;
(bright) -angafu, -a kungaa;
(clever) -a akili, -zuri sana.

Sparring, n. pigano la konde.

Sparrow, n. (ndege mdogo wa Ula-
ya). Java sparrow, zawaridi.

Sparse, a. kaba, -chache, kidogo,
mbali mbali, huko na huko.

Sparseness, n. kuwa haba, &c.

Spasm, n. pindi | ma-|, kipindi |(vi-j,
mbindano; (fit) kifafa; (sudden
efiort) jaribu la marra moja, bidii
ya ghifala, mkazo.

Spasmodic, a. -4 Spasm, -a ghd-

Jala, -a kukaza.

Spat, p. t. ya Spit, v.

880

SPECIALISM

Spatter, v. ‘apanya, tupilia | tope,
&c.], nyunyiza.

Spatula, n. (kisu kipana cha kufa-
nyia dawa|.

Spavin, n. (ugonjwa wa frasi, ku-
vimba mguunt |.

Spawn, n. [mayayt ya samaki ao
vyura |); (progeny) mazao.

—— v. toa mayayt, zaa,

Speak, v. (p. t. Spoke, pf. t.
Spoken) nena; (say) sema; (con-
verse) ongea; (make known) /a-
ngaza, onyesha, thihirisha; (pro-
nounce) Zamika ; (make a speech)
toa maneno, hubiri wazi. Speak
about (at, for, against, &c.), nenea.
Speak against, amba, sema. Speak
Arabic, sema kiarabu, Speak
badly (languages), goteza maneno.
Speak distinctly, pambasua, sema
kiada. Speak out, sema sana.
Speak to, semana. Speak volumes,
shuhudia sana. Speak well for,
shuhudia mazuri. Speak with
energy, excitement, Zefa. Not to
speak, zyamaa. Nothing to speak
of, kama si kitu, kidogo kidogo.
Not to speak of (far from, only,
much more than), cha ya, sembuse.

Speaker, n. mnenaji, mwenyi kuse-
ma; (in Parliament) (mkuu wa
House of Commons).

Speaking, n. Aunena, &c. (Taz.
Speak). Evil speaking, matukano,
MAStNLILO.

——a. Speaking acquaintance, uraji-
ki kidogo. Be on speaking terms,
juana kidogo. A speaking likeness,
mfano halisi. A speaking trumpet,
panda ya kunenea,

Spear, n. (flat) mkuki ([mi-};
(rounded) fumo [ma-]; (light)
sagat |ma- |.

Spearman,n.asikari mwenyi mkuki.

Special, a. -a@ peke yake, -a namna,
-a mtindo, -a maana, -moja tu, -sto
na kifani, bora sana, -a kasi moja
haswa,

Specialism, n. (kujifunga kwa kasi
moja, kupata maarifa ya kitu ki-
moja).

SPECIALIST

Specialist, n. mtu wa Specialism.

Speciality, Specialty, n. kuwa
Special. This is his speciality,
nt chake huyo haswa peke yake,
ndio kazi yake moja tu,

Specially, adv. zayidi, sana. halisi,
makusudi (Taz Special). He
was specially appointed, aliwekwa
kasidi.

Specie, n. fetha, sarafu | ya shaba,
fetha, thahabu).

Species, n. aina, mamna, ginsi;
(in science) jami ya vitu vyenyi
namna moja. A species of cloth,
nguo, kama nguo.

Specific, a. -a namna yake, -a kuto-
fautisha, -a kuonyesha tofauti;
(precise, clear) thahzri, -a kusema
wazi, -a kuonya halisi. Specific
gravity, [wthant wa kitu fullani
kuliko maji |.

— n. (dawa halisi ya ugonjwa
mmoja ), dawa bora.

Specification, n. kwonya halisi;
(ati ao taarifu yenyi habari ha-
list ya mambo).

Specify, v. Zaja, pambanua, eleza,
aint.

Specimen, n. (sample) amna;
(part) kipande, sehemu, -moja | ka-
zeka vingi vilivyo sawa),

Specious, a. -a kujifanya, -a kuji-
pendekeza, -a uwongo, -zuri lakini
si kweli.

Speck, n. waa [ma-], doa [ma-].
Not a speck, szo hatta kidogo.

Speckle, n. doa [ma-]}.

Speckled, a. -a madoadoa.

Spectacle, n. (beautiful) samasha,
jambo la urembo, ajabu; (fearful)
kioja, kitisho; (wonderful) kisushi,
shani; (grotesque) kinyago.

Bpectacled, a. -ezyz Spectacles.

Spectacles, n. (a pair of) mi-
want. Put on spectacles, pachika
miwani.

Spectacular, a. -a kulazamisha, -a
ajabu, -a tamasha.

Spectator, n. mwenyi kuona | kuta-
sama, kuwapo, kuhuthuria); (eye-
witness) shahidi [ma-]. There

381

SPELL-BOUND

were many spectators, wengi walto-
huthuria.

Spectral, a. -a kivuli, kama kivuli.

Spectre, n. kivuli, kioja, kisuka,
pepo, shetani.

Spectroscope, n. [4100 cha kugeuza
nuru nyeupe iwe rangi nyingi).
Spectrum, n. |(rano: za upindi wa
mvua, nuru nyeupe ikigeuzwa

kwa kioo kuwa rangi nyingi |.

Speculate, v. dakatisha, &c. (Taz.
Speculation).

Speculation, n. (conjecture) £upisz,
kubahatisha ; (reflection) kufikiri-
fikiri, mawazo mengi; (risk in
trading) (kuhatarisha mali kwa
ajili ya fayida|, kopesha.

Speculative, a. -4 Speculation,
-a bahati; (fanciful) si amali, si
kweli.

Speculator,n. mtu wa Speculation.

Speculum, a. | kioo cha darubini ku-
bwa).

Sped, p. t. za pf. t. ya Speed, v.

Speech, n. maneno, kunena, unent ;
(mode of speaking) msemo, usemi ;
(language) /ugha, maneno. Have
the power of speech, wesa kunena.
Aspeech, maneno, milumbe. Make
a speech, foa maneno, hubiri wazi.

Speechify, v. toa maneno mengi,
piga domo.

Speechless, a. -stoweza kunena | kwa
haya, fathaa, hofu, &c.), bubu.

Speed, n. haraka, kwenda mbio,
mwendo mwepesi ; (rate of moving)
mwendo, kadiri ya kwenda.

v. (p. t. na pf. t. Sped) himiza,

safirisha wema, endesha \enda]|

upest (prosper) fanikiwa, faniki-
sha; (fare) -wa na hali, How
have you sped? kumekuwaje ?

Speedy, a. -4 haraka, -epesi, -a
kwenda |-a kuja) upesi.

Spell, n. (p. t. ma pf.t. Spelt) zamu,
kingojo, muda ; (incantation) #imbo
wa mganga, tego, Remove a spell,
tegua, sukumiza uganga.

—— v. endeleza, nena (andika) ha-
rufu za neno fullani.,

Spell-bound (Be), v. /ogwa, pagawa.

SPELLING

Spelling, n. kuendeleza | neno, haru-
fu moja moja).

Spelling-book, n. [chuo cha kufu-
ndisha Spelling}.

Spelt, p. t. na pf. t. ya Spell, v.

Spend, v. (p. t. za pf, t. Spent) Zoa,
tumia, fanya gharama ya, harijia ;

(waste) pofeza ; (time) pisha.

Spendthrift, n. mpotevu wa mali,
mponda mali, mtu wa gharama
nyingi.

Spent, a. -lochoka, -hotumiliwa
mbali, -liokwisha, -sto na nguvu.

—— p.t. na pf. t. ya Spend.

Spermaceti, n. [itu kama nia
ndani ya kitwa cha nyangumi).

Sperm-oil, n. (mafuta ya kitwanit
mwa nyangumi |. j

Sperm-whale, n. nyangumi [mwe-
nyt kitwa kikubwa sana).

Spew, v. ‘apika, toa kama kwa kuta-

_ pika.

Sphere, n. mviringo, duara; (globe)
mfano wa dunia; (environment,
range) eneo, ulimwengu: (pro-
vince, work, duty) makali, hali,
cheo, kazi, shughuli. Sphere of
influence, pa kufanyia hukumu, pa
kuweza, milki.

Spherical, a. -4 mviringo, mduara.
Spheroid, n. | tama Sphere na kari-

— bu sawa).

Spheroidal, a. -4 Spheroid.

Sphinz, n. (mfano wa nyama yenyi
kitwa cha mwanamke na kiwili-
wili cha simba).

Spice, n. | kifu kifamu cha kukolea
chakula, kiungo, cha kunukia);
(small bit) dogo.

——— v. #ia Spice, tia utamu, kolea,
unga,

Spicy, a. -a Spice.

Spider, n. duzhuz.
matando ya huibui.

Spike, n. msomari mkubwa, mwiba,
uma [ry-}.

v. (cannon) | karibu kwa kulia
msumari tunduni mwa fataki).

Spikenard, n. | mafuta ya kunukia
sana |.

Spiky, n. -enyi Spikes, kama Spike.

Spider’s web,

382

SPIRIT

Spill, v. (p. t. a pf. t. Spilled,
Spilt) mwaga, mimina; (over-
throw) poteza, angusha, angamiza.
It is no good crying over spilt milk,
maji yaliyomwagika Rhayazoeleki.

n. karatasi ya kuwashia taa;
(upset, overthrow) anguko (ma-),
maangamizi,

Spin, v. (p. t. Span, pf. t. Spun)
(twist) sokota; (turn quickly) sz-
ngusha (zunguka) upesi; (make
thread) fanyiza uzi. Spin out,
(story) ongesa mno, kokota, endele-
sa; (time) pisha kwa shidda, ende-
leza.

Spinach, n. | mboga kama majani za
mfigili, mayupwa|).

Spinal,a.-a Spine, Spinal column,
zs Spine.

Spindle, n. (in spinning) fia; (axle)
[mitt wa kati, chuma cha kati, ya
gurudumu),

Spine, n. uti wa maungo, mgongo;
(prickle) mwiba (mi-).

Spinning, n. kusokota, msokoto.

a. -a kusokotea, -a kuzunguka- .
zunguka, Spinning top, pra. -
Spinater, n. (mwanamke mzima asi-
Jeolewa), mwanamwali ([wa-],

mjane [wa-].

Spiny, a. -enyt miiba; (difficult) -a
mashaka.

Spiracle, n. (kitundu cha kuvulia
pumuzi mdudu).

Spiral, a. [-a kusunguka na kuende-
lea, kama mfano wa parafujo, ao
kundu la konokono).

Spire, n. (mnara mwembamba wenyi
kuchongoka juu).

Spirit, n. roho; (ghost) kivuli, pe-
po; (temper) halt ya moyo, tabia ;
(person of character) (mtu wa bi-
ait, mwenyi nguvu |; (energy) moyo
wa bidii, juhudi, nguvu ; (mean-
ing) maana, kusudi; (immaterial
eristence) usima pasipo mwili,
astlt ya usima; (intoxicating fluid)
mvinyo, kileo. Theworld of spirits,

ni. The Holy Spirit, Zoka
Mtakatifu. The spirit of the age,
ulimwengu, hali ya ulimwengu

SPIRITED

Good spirits, furaha, moyo mwepesi,
ukunjufu. Bad spirits, kusuni,
ustto. Ardent spirits, mvinyo wa
nguvu, kileo(vz-|. Rectified spirit,
mvinyo uliosafika | si wa kunywa).
Full of spirits, -enyt furaha sana,
-cpest. Out of spirits, -enyi
husunt, -zito. Even spirit is in
a sense material, 4atta roho ina
nyama yake.

Spirited, a. -exyt moyo mkuu | mwe-
pest, wa bidiz), -a nguvu, -a ute-
ndaji, -enyi njia, hodari. Mean-
spirited, -myonge, -0ga. High-
spirited, hodari, -a bidii.

Spiritless, a. pasipo furaha (bidii,
moyo mkuu), -nyonge, -zilo, -0ga,
baridi.

Spiritual, a. -enyi asili ya roho, -a
roho, -a mambo ya roho; (religi-
ous) -2 kuongoka na Roho Mtaka-
tifu, -takatifu; (ecclesiastical) -a
Kanisa, -a mambo matakatifu, -a
wangoje wa Kanisa. The spirit-
ual world, mambo ya peponi.

Spiritualism, n, | kusema “vitu vt-
levyo vyote nt roho, ao kwa roho";
kusema, “vivuli na pepo ziko, na
stst (waweza kusema na kujizungu-
mza nao’|.

Spirituality,n. | af? ya kuwaSpirit-
ual; (ecclesiastics) jamii ya wa-
ngojewa Kanisa ; mambo yawapa-
sayo wangoje wa Kanisa}.

Spiritualize, v. fanya Spiritual,
ongoza |takasa, eleza) kwa elimu
ya rohoni.

Spirituous, a. -a mvinyo, -a kule-
vya.

Spirt, n. tokeo la ghafula (la moto ao
maji), mruko, mshindo ; (in run-
ning) mkazo wa mbio.

—— v. toa | toka) ghdfala kwa ngu-
vu; (in running) kaza mbto.

Spit, n. (metal) wma (nyuma);
(wood) kibanzi [vs-], kibano [v1-],
mshtkikt (mst-], Toast on spit,
banika.

—— v. (p. t. Spat, pf. t. Spit) mia
mate; (put on spit) Zenyeza uma,
choma, tunga kijitini,

388

SPOIL '

Spite, n. chuki, ukorofi, ubaya, mfu-
ndo. He has a spite against me,
anichukia, anikamia.

— v. tolea chuki, &c., chokoza, stt-
mbua. In spite of, ingawa, ijapo-
kuwa; kwa kushindana na, kwa
kukataza, kwa kutharau, kwa
kutoangalia. He went in spite of
me (pain, danger), alikwenda nists
pokubali (asisutwe na maumivu,
asione hatari). In spite of you,
Japo hutaki mwenyewe.

Spiteful, a. -a Spite.

Bpittle, n. mate; (chewed tobacco,
&c., red) utembe.

Spittoon, n. | kijungu cha hutemelea
mate), tasa, kitasa.

Splash, n. kuruka [rape], mshinda
[wa maji yakirushwa|.

v. rusha |maji, matope, &c.],
kupia maji, rushta.

Splay, a. -a kwenda upande, -a kuta-
nuka, -a mshethals.

Bpleen, n, wengo; (anger) astra,
chuki,

Splendid, a. (shining) -a kung'aa
-angafu, -suri sana; (glorious)
bora, -tukufu, -a fahari.

Splendour, n. wangafu, fahari, ubo-
ya, &c.

Splenotio, a. -sumbufu,-korofi, -kali.

Splenic, a, -a wengo.

Splice, v. unganisha (kamba), fu-
ngamanisha, ganga Lain

——n. muungo | wa kamba |, myango.

Splint, n. gango, banzi [ma-].

Splinter, n. (of glass, &c.) kigere-
nyenza (vi-); (of wood) kibanzi
[ve-], utanu (tanu), kipande.

v. vunjavunja | mtt, ubau, &c.],
pasua vipande vidogo.

Split, v. (p.t. za pf. t. Split) fasua,
kwanua; (inform of) chongea,
chongea, shuhudia; (quarrel) ze-
ngana,gombana. Split cassava, &c.
(for cooking) exga.

——n. ufa |ny-j. It has a split,
imepasuka.

Spoil, n. (of war) mateka, nyara;
(ofa hunt) mawindo.

v. (p.t.sea pf.t. Spoiled, Spoilt)

SPOILER

teka, haribu, vunja, viza ; (go bad)
oza, haribika,

Spoiler, n. mnyanganyi, mickaji.

Spoke, n. (of wheel) (kipande cha
ndani ya gurudumu), taruma
(ma-).

—— p. t. ya Speak.

Spoken, pf. t. ya Speak.

Spokesman, n. mnenaji, mkuu.

Spoliation, n. kuteka, unyang'anyi.

Sponge, n. sifinji (Ar.).

——v. tia Sponge, safisha kwa
Sponge, pangusa; (filch) pata kwa
hila, tba.

Spongy, a. [kama joya la nazi);
-enyt vitundu vingi, -enyt kunywa
maji sana, -0r070.

Bponsor, n. mthamini | wa- |).

Spontaneity, n. kuwa Sponta-
neous.

Spontaneous, a. (voluntary) -a moyo,
kwa thtiart, kwa kutaka -enyewe,
si kwa lazima wala ushawishi;
(natural) -a asil, -a kuja peke yake,
-a nguvu yake -enyewe, st kwa
kutendeshwa kazi,

Spool, n. | kipande cha hutatia uzi).

Spoon, n. mwiko (mi-); (small) &2-
jiko [vt-]; (wooden) mkamshe
(mi-); (ladle) upawa | pawa),
Table-spoon, mwiko mkubwa; (as
measure) (kadiri ya Dessert-
spoons mbili, ya Tea-spoons
'nne; (half-ounce) mussu wakia).

Spoonful, n. (kadiri ya mwiko mmo-
Ja), kidogo.

Sport, n. mchezo, mzaha, furaha,
ubishi; (hunting) kuwinda, ku-
piga nyama | ndege, Sc. ), kusaka.

—— v. chesa, jifurahisha. Make
sport of, Shikaki, cheka, chezea,
chesesha.

Sporting, a. -a Sport.

n. kufanya Sport.

Sportive, a. -a kucheza.

Sportiveness, n. suchesachesa.

Sportsman, n. mwindaji | wa-|.

Sportsmanlike, a. -4 kumstahili (-a
kumfaa) mwindaji.

Sportsmanship, n. (maarifa ao akili
ya kuwinda).

384

SPRING

Spot, n. waa [ma-], kipaku (vi-|);
(dot) mukta; (position) makali pa-
dogo, mahali penyewe, palepale, pa-
pahapa; (blemish, disgrace) aibu.
On the spot, palepale, marra, ghd-
Jala, papo kwa papo.

v. tia Spot.

Spotless, a. asipo mawaa,-eupe, safi.

Spotted, a. madoadoa, marakaraka.

Spouse, n, (husband) mume; (wife)
mke.

Spout, n. (from roof) kopo [ma-] la
nyumba, mlizamu; (of jug, Sc.)
mdomo |mi-).

v. toa | toka | kwa nguvu | maji,
moto, &c.|,ruka,rusha; (ofspeech)
piga domo, nena makuu; (of whale)
toa moshi.

Sprain, v. stusha, tegua, tena. Itis
sprained, «meteguka mshipa.

n. kustuka, kuteguka.

Sprang, p. t. ya Spring, v.

Sprat, n. |samaki ndogo ya Ulaya).

Sprawl, v. jinyosha, tandawaa,
encaenea; (of writing) chora.

Spray, n. (twig) kilfawi [ve-] ; (foam)

pofu.

Spread, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Spread)
(extend, scatter) ‘awanya, eneza,
(neut.) dawanytka, enea; (unfold,
stretch) kunjua, nyosha, tanda,
Tandaza, tandika; (publish) emesa,
tangaza, vumisha, toa. Spread a
table, andika chakula, andaa.

n. eneo; (on table) maandiko ya
vyakula, vyakula vingi.

Spree, n. mchezo, kucheza.

Sprig, n. kitawi, kichipuko |vi-).

Sprightliness, n. kuwa Sprightly.

Sprightly, a. -efesi, -a kucheza.

Spring, v. (p. t. Sprang, pf. t.
Sprung), ruka, chupa, enda [ruds}
ghdfala, toka (tokea) upesi ; (rise,
proceed) onekana, ondoka, chipuka,
toka; (be elastic) nyumbuka, pinds-
ka, Spring upon, rakia. Spring
to one's feet, ondoka ghdfala, ss-
mamamarra. Spring a leak, ansa
kuvuja maji. Spring atrap, rattle,
spar, é&cc., alisha.

—— n. (metal) mtambo (ms-]; (of

SPRING-BOK

water) chemchemi, jicho la maji;
(leap) rako [ma-|; (season of
growth, in south latitudes) demant,
mwaka; (in northern) masika;
(source) asili, chanzo; (reason)
sababu; (moving power) nguvu.

Spring-bok, n. (nyama kama paa).

Spring-tide, n. mazi ya kujaa sana,
bamvua, maji makuu; (season)
majira ya demani [ya masika |
(Zaz. Spring, n.).

Springy, a. -a kuruka, -a kupinda-
mana; (elastic) -« kunyumbu-
ka.

Sprinkle, v. nyunyiza, tia kidogo,
lia huko na huko, rasha. Be
sprinkled about, Zapakaa.

n. manyunyo, marasharasha,

Sprinkling, n. (= Sprinkle, n.);
(a small amount) kidogo.

Sprite, n. kivuli, kisimwi, jini
[mea-}.

Sprout, n. uchipuko, kichepuko.

—— v. chipuka, tokeza mimea.

Spruce, a. -a urembo, -malidadt, -a
fahari. Spruce fir, [Lama msuno-
bari).

Sprung, pf. t. ya Spring, v.

Spue, v. fapika.

Spun, pf. t. ya Spin.

Spur, n. (of cock) kipt, kepia [ve-] ;
(of boot) kichokoo, mwiba, kisomare

cha kuchoma frasi mbavuni);

ipande kitokezacho; (of hills) ki/i-
ma, mbavuni; (incitement) (ifu
cha kuharakisha, kuamsha, kuvuta,
kutamanisha, kuchoma). On the
spur of the moment, marra moja,
ghdfala, pasipo kufikiri.

—— v. choma | frasi kwa Spur],
endesha upesi |kwa nguvu), su-
kuma mbele.

Spurious, a. -4 wwongo,-a kujifanya,
st halisi.

Spurn, v. sukumta mbali, piga teke ;
(reject) *harau, kataza kabisa.

Spurt, n. na v. (Zaz. Spirt).

Sputter, v. sematema; (in speaking)
babaika.

Spy, n. mpelelezi [wa-], mdadisi,
mdukisi, mjasusi.

885

SQUAT

Bpy,v. geleleza, dadisi, chungulia,
Jastsé.

Spy-glass, n. duradbini.

Squabble, n. gombana, bishana ma-
meno, telana,

v. ugomut, fitina, uthia.

Squad, n. kundi (dogo la asikari|.

Squadron, n. | kikosi cha asikari wa-
panda frasi; (naval) kundi la
manowari si nyingi).

Squalid, a. -koo, -chafu, -nyonge,
-baya.

Squall, n. (of wind) thadrudba, tufani
yaghdfala, upepowa mshindo; (cry)

ilto,

—— v. lia kwa nguvu [kama mboto
akipigwa).

Squally, a. -a Sagualls.

Squalor,n. #kov, &c. (Taz. Squalid).

Squander, v. potesa malt, tapanya
{ fuja| malt, toa -ingi burre.

Squanderer, n. mpotevu wa malt,
mvunja | mponda | mals.

Square, n. mrabba, mfano wa mra-
bba; (in town) (wanja mkubwa,
mahali peupe kati ya nyumba mji-
nz); (of soldiers) | kikosi cha asika-
"vi wamepangwa kwa mrabba |; (car-
penter's) (kipande cha kupimia
pembe ya mrabba). The square of
a, 6, &c., [ pel? marra mbili ndio
"ane, sita marra sila ndio thela-
thint na sita, &c.}. The square
root of four, Pili; (of thirty-six)
sila, 8c.

a. -a@ mrabba, -a mtrabba

minne, -enyi pembe ya mrabba;

(exact) sawasawa, barabara ; (just,

fair) -nyofu, -a haki.

v. fanya mrabba [ginsi ya
mrabba|; (in arithm.) [szdisha he-
sabu fullani kwa hesabu ileile,
kama sita marra sita ndio thela-
thint na sifa); (settle account, £c.)
lipa, kata neno; (make agree) sa-
wazisha, linganisha.

Squareness, n. kuwa mfano wa
mrabba, kuwa sawa.

Squash, v. fonda, seta, songa.

kusongana watu, msongesonge.

Squat, a. -fupi na -nene.

—_—— Nn.

Cc

SQUAT

Squat, v. kaa kitako, keli; (settle)
tua, hamia.

Squatter, n. (mtua mahali billa
ruhusa) mjaji (wa- |), mgeni (wa- |.

Squaw, n. (mwanamke mshenzi
Amerika).

Squeak, n. (mo, kama wa panya |.

—— v. foa Squeak.

Squeal, n. [mlso, kama wa paka ao
kilolo).

v. oa Squeal.

Squeamish, a. (fastidious) -a kucha-
guachagua,-kinatfu; (illtempered)
-a chuki; (sickened) -a kuchafuka
tumbo.

Squeamishness, n. kuwa Squeam-
ish.

Sgueeze, v. (compress with force)
shindilia, songa, kamua ; (press in
among) kwamisha, songantsha ;
(hold by squeezing) dana, songa, shi-
ka sana; (oppress) onea ; (pass with
pressure) pita kwa shidda, penye-
sha, pisha; (make pay) 4ptza, toza.

_ Squeeze out, kamua, minya.

—— n. kushindilia, msongo, &c.

Squib, n. | fataki ya karatasi yenyi
baruti, ya kuchezea; (lampoon)
mashairi ya kumthihaki mtu).

Squint, n. makeng'eza, kitongo,
upogo.

Vv. -wa na macho ya makeng esa,
tasama kitongotongo.

Squire, n. sheki[ma-], mwenyeji wa
shamba kubwa.

Squirrel, n. (nyama mdogo kama
komba).

Squirt, v. [40a ao rusha, maji, &c.
katika tundu dogo kwa nguvu|.
—— n. (maji yatokayo kwa nguvu
katika tundu dogo, kibomba la

kurusha maji hivyo).

Stab, v. choma |kwa kisu, upanga,
mkuki, Sc.); (slander) singisia,
sengenya.

Stability, n. uthabzti, imara, hodari,
nguvu, ugumu, ausht.

Stable, a. -eny: Stability.

——, Stabling, n. (for cattle) 3:27
[ma-]; (for horses) banda la
Srasi,

386

STAGNATION

Stack, n. chungu ya majani |borili,
fito, Sc. |.

— v. weka chunguchungu, pa-
nganya.

Staff, n. fimbo ; (heavy) gongo | ma-|,
mkongojo [mt-|; (of spear) mti
(mi- |); (retinue) wafuasi [wa mtu
mkubwa,wa jemadari mkuu, jamii
ya wadogo wake).

Stag, n. (nyama mkubwa kama paa,
paa ndume).

Stage, n. (platform) dungu [ma-]},
ulingo, jukwaa; (of house, &c.,
story) Zabaka (ma-), orofa; (in
theatre) mahal: pa kuchezea ki-
nyago (Tas. Drama), mahali pa
kufanya tamasha ; (part, division)
sehemu, fungu [ma-]; (end of jour-
ney) kikomo, kituo; (part of
journey) mwendo wa siku, mwendo;
(degree) daraja ; (condition) als ;
= Stage-coach. Stagesofa build-
ing, matabaka. Be (go) on the
stage, [sktka kazi ya mchezaji mgo-
ma, vinyago, &c., katika Theatre).

Stage-coach, n. gari kubwa [la ku-
chukua watu kwa mapesa).

Stage-player, n. mchesa kinyago
(7as. Stage).

Stager, n. mjuzi (wa mambo ya
dunia |, mwulimwengu.

Stagger, v. shangaza, tia bumbuazi,
Sathaisha; (neut.) pepa, evyalevya,
pepesuka, sttastta, shangaa; (from
age, &c.) kongoja.

—— n. kulewa, kupepa, uleoleo.

Staggering, a. -a kupepa, -a kulewa-
lewa. A staggering blow, state-
ment, &c., Pigo [neno] la nguvu
[la kushinda, la kufathaisha, Sc. |).

Staghound, n. (mbwa wa kuwindia
Stag].

Stagnant, a. (of water) -/iostmama,
fu, -bovu; (inactive) pasipo
mwendo, pasipo kasi, -fu. Trade is
stagnant, drashara haisiat, hakuna
Jamaa.

Stagnate, v. simama, 0sa, haribika
kwa kukaakaa.

Stagnation, n. (of blood, &c.)

vilio
(ma-), kuoza. .

STAID 887

Staid, a. taratibu, -fole,-a kiast, -stto.

Stain, n. waa (ma-|, kipaku, taka;
(disgrace) aibu, fetheha.

v. zia mawaa, &c., aibisha.

Stainless, a. pasipo mawaa, -tupe,

Stair, n. daraja | ma-). Stairs, Flight
of stairs, madaraja, ngazi. Up-
stairs, 744, darini, orofant. Down-
Stairs, chini.

Staircase, n = Stairs.

Stake, n. mti [me-|, nguzo, kiguzo
[w2-], mti wa kufungia watu kwa
athabu\; (martyrdom) (kufa kwa
ajili ya "imani ya dini); (wager)
rahani, sharts, fetha ya kuchezewa.
Be at stake, -wa hatarini, haltiri-
shwa. His life is at stake, #¢ kufa
aokupona. Goto the stake, enda
chomwa moto | kwa athabu).

v. (venture, risk) #ta hatarini,
bahatisha; (wager) pigana ma-
sharti ya, wekeana mashari: ;
(mark by stakes) weka vijiti | kuwa
alama|.

Stalactite, n. | maji yaliyoganda ku-
wa jiwe yakaangika Juu pangoni|.

Stalagmite, n. (maji yaliyodondoka
chini pangoni yakawa jiwe|.

Stale, a. -kukuu, -ovu; (trite, dull)
baridi, ovyo. .

Staleness, n. kuwa -kukuu, &c.

Stalk, n. (stem oftree) shina [ma-];
(of rice, &c.) wbua (bua), bua
[ma-|; (of fruit, flowers) kikonyo
[vé-]; (of gait) kwenda kwa ku-
panua miguu.

—— v. panua miguu, tagaa; (in
hunting) winda kwa kunyemelea,
nyatia.

Stalking-horse, n. (mask) kinyago;
(ruse) hela, mtego.

Stall, n. 2:2: (ma- |, banda (ma-);
(counter) meza| ya kuwekea bithaa|,
duka; (official seat) kiti cha enzi;
(mahali pazuri katika Theatre].
Stall-keeper, mchurust [wa-].

Stallion, n. frasi ndume mzima.

Stalwart, a. -enyi maungo, thabiti,
-8 NGUVU.

Stamina, n. uthabiti, nguvu.

. STAND

Stammer, v. gugumiza maneno, ba-
baika, gotesza maneno.

Stammering, m. kigugumizi.

Stamp, n. chapa, muhuri, alama;
(kipande cha kupigia chapa);
(kind) namna, tabia; (with foot)
kukanyaga, kuchapa miguu. Post-
age stamp, chapa ya barua, tikiti.

Stamp, v. (with feet) kanyaga, chapa
miguu ;(imprint) fa chapa; (crush)
ponda, seta; (mark clearly, make
clear) bainisha, thubutisha; (in-
doctrinate) fundisha sana. Stamp
out, komesha, batilisha, ng'oa
ote.

Stampede, n. makimbizi.

Stanch,.v. zuia (damu), viliza.

—— a. amini, thabiti, imara, -ema.

Stanchion, n. “guszo.

Stand, n. (standing) kusimama ; ;
(halt, place to stop) kituo, kikomo ;
(stage, platform) mahali pa kust-
mamia, jukwaa, dungu; (shop)
duka | ma-) meza; (holder of any
kind) | kitu cha kuwekea vitu, meza,
kinara, kinguzo, kiweko, kibau,
kilegemeo|; (resistance) ushindani.
Make a stand, shindana, shika vita.
Come to a stand, simamishwa,
koma. Be ata stand, hangaika,
shindwa.

— v.(p. t. apf. t. Stood) sima-
ma; (be situated) kaa, wekwa;
(stop) tua, koma, simama; (remain)
kaa, dumu, ishi; (succeed) shinda,
fanikiwa; (be in a condition) -wa
na halt ; (endure) vumilia, himili,
chukua, "kubali; ; (resist) zaza, s¢ma-
mta, shindana na; ; (erect) stma-
misha, stmtkisha, (neut.) stmtka ;
(of a ship) enda. Stand at, sima-
ma kwa, kaa kwa. Stand by,
-wape, huthuria; (join, assist)
shika, shindania, saytdia; (be
deferred) wekwa, aheri. Stand
corrected, ‘ubishwa, ungama kosa,
Sungwa, shindwa, Stand fast, kaa
imara, simama sana, Stand fire,
vumilia bunduki | mizinga, &c.],
si stushwa,. si shindwa. Stand for,
-wa mahali pa | badala ya, ishara

Cc3

STANDARD

yaj; (be candidate for) Zaka kucha-
guliwa na watu [khuwa mkubwa).
Stand in need of, #:tfaji, Stand in
good stead, faa. Stand off, 7#-
tenga, jthathari. Stand on cere-
mony, ongeza mno heshima, fanya
haya. Do not stand on ceremony,
jione hapa kama kwako. Stand
one's ground, simama, shinda.
Stand over, atiri, wekwa. Stand
out, Zokeza, fanya nundu (domo,
yasi |); (resist) sé shindwa, sz legea.
Stand to, shika, fikiliza, maliza ;
(agree with) Zafana na. Stand
trial, ¢hudutzka. Stand up, ondoka,
simama. Stand up for, shindania,
tetea, sayidia. Stand upon, sege-
mea.

Standard, n. (flag) bendera; (estab-
lished test, rule) kawaida, kanuni,
cheo cha kuwaida; (best quality,
highest pitch) kipeo, namna bora.

— a. bora, halisi, haswa, -a ka-
waida.

Standing, n.-a kusimama; (regular)
-@ kanuni; (permanent) -a siku-
zole; (of water) -fu, -tuhivu.
Standing army, asikari wa serkali,
mapwarids.

a. (duration) aushi, maisha,
kudumu ; (station) mahali pa kust-
mama; (rank, position) ceo; (inde-
pendence) nguvu, ukinaifu.

Stank, p. t. ya Stink, v.

Stanza, n. | fungu la mashairi ma-
wili, matatu, manne, &¢., jamii).

Staple, n. (ring) pete (ma- |, tumbuu;
(chief product) [dzthaa iliyo nyingi
mahali fullans|; (main subject)
jambo lililo kubwa; (raw cotton)
pamba mbichi ; (cotton fibre) msizi
wa pamba.

—— a. -kubwa, -ingt, -a sikusote,

Star, n. nyota; (decoration) nishani;
(remarkable person) mfu wa fahari.
Falling (shooting) star, ¢mwondo
[ve-].

v. fanya fahari, tazamisha
watu.

Starboard, n. (chomboni | upande wa
kuume.

388

STATE

Starob, n. kanji, dondo; (of arrow-
root) wanga, uwanga.

v. za Starch.

Starched, a. -/io¢swa Starch, gamu,
st -kunjufu.

Starchy, a. -a Starch, kama Starch.

Stare, v. kodoa, kaza macho, ngariza
macho.

n. kukodoa, kodoleo.

Starfish, n. (mdudu wa pwani mwe-
nyi ncha kama nyota|.

Stargazer, n. mnajimu | wa-), mpi-
za falaki.

Stark, a. (stiff) -cumu, -kavu, -sto-
kunjika; (downright) -fupu, tu.
Starling, n.| ndege mdogo wa Ulaya).
Starry, Starred, a. -a nyola, -enyi

nyota, kama nyota.

Start, v. stuka, loka mahali pake ;
(begin) anza, ondoka, ng'oa, shika
njia, safiri; (alarm, drive off) stze-
sha, amsha, kimbiza; (cause to
begin) anzisha,maliki ; (set moving)
endesha, jongeza, sogeza.

—— n. (fright) kustuka, kituko;
(shock) kipindi ; (beginning) mwa-
nzo, awali, feli Uma-), chimbuko;
(departure) kushika njia, kuondoka;
(in a race) mwanzo wa shindano.
Get a start of, sangulia, toka kwa-
nza. In fits and starts, By starts,
kwa vipindi, kwenda na kusimama.

Starter, n. (in a race) mshindanishi.

Startle, v. stusha, hofisha, ajabisha.

‘Startling, a. -a Lustusha, -a hofu, -a

ajabu.

Starvation, n. kuwa na njaa, njaa.

Starve, v. shindisha kwa njaa, -jisha
kwa njaa; (neut.) -wa na njaa, -fa
kwa njaa. .

Starveling, n. (mwenyi kukonda kwa
njaa|.

State, n. (condition) Aa/z; (rank)
cheo, daraja; (political society)
(jamii ya watu wenyi mfalme
mmoja, ao chini ya serkali mo p ;

government) serkali; (pom y -

vt, heshima, enst. Chair of state,
kitu cha ensi. Go in state, exda
kwa kifalme | kwa fahari).

| —— v. nena, sema, elesa,

STATED

Stated, a. -4 kanuni, -a kawaida,
taratibu, -loamriwa.

Stateliness, a. wszmeme, usurt, &C.
(Zaz. Stately).

Stately, a.-a heshima, -a kusimama
sana, -a fahari, -zuri, bora.

Statement, n. maneno, hadithi, ha-
bari, kisa, maneno; (written) Zaa-
rift.

State-paper, n. aii ya serkali.

State-prisoner, n. mfungwa wa se-
rkalt,

State-room, n. (chumba kikubwa,
bora, cha kubarizia, Sc. |).

Statesman, n. mwenyi maarifa wa
utawala; (official) mkubwa wa
serkali, mtu wa baraza ya mfabme,
waziri | ma-), diwani | ma- |).

Statesmanlike, a. -4 kumstahtli
Statesman, -a akili.

Statesmanship, n. akili ya States-
man, kazi ya Statesman.

Statios, n. (maarifa ya hali ya kusi-
mama vitu, elimu ya usimeme |.

Station, n. (post) 4imgojo, ngojo,
lindo; (resting place) kituo, kilalo,
makao; (work) kazi; (state) halt;
(rank) cheo; (on railways) | kituo
cha njiani cha gari la mosht\.

Stationary, a. -a kusimama, -a ku-
kaa mahali pamoja [hali moja),
-stoendelea, -siogeuka.

Stationer, n. mwuza Stationery.
Stationery, n. (karatasi, wino, ka-
lamu, vitu vyote vya kuandikia).
Statistical, a.-a@ Statistics.
Statistician, n. (mwalimu

Statistics |.

Statistics, n. (maarifa ya mambo
yote yapasayo watu fullani jamii
ao mmojamoja, yamehesabika na
kuandikwa taratibu |), hesabu halisi.

Statuary, n. [ jamiz ya Statues;
mianyiza ao mwusa Statues |.

Statue, n. sanamu ya kuchora, mfano
[wa mawe, udongo, madini, &c. |.

Statuesque, a. [sama sanamu ya
kuchora\.

Statuette, n. sanamu ndogo ya ku-
chora.

Stature, n. kimo, urefu.

wa

389

STEALTHY

Status, n. hali,cheo. In statu guo,
vivyo hivyo ilivyo, hali hiyohiyo.
Statutable, Statutory, a. -/zoamri-

wa, -a sheria, halali.

Statute, n. sheria, amri ya serkali,
mkataba | mi- |).

Staunch, 7az. Stanch, a. na v.

Stave, n. | kipande ao kibau cha pi-
pa); (stanza) | fungu la mashairi).

v. (p. t. Stove). Stave in,
bonyesha, vunja. Stave off, ahiri-
sha, zuia, kawilisha, kinga.

Stay, v. kaa, simama, shinda, kaa
nyumbani | kwa); (restrain) zuza,
simamisha, komesha ; (prop) tege-
meza.

n. muda wa kukaa; (prop) Ze-
gemeo, msaada; (in vessel) kamba
ya mlingoti; (in dress) Tnguo ya
waanake, ya kukaza mbavuni).

Stead, n. Instead of, makali pa.
Stand in good stead, faa.

Steadfast, a. thabiti, imara, amini.

Steadfastnoss, n. usimeme, uthabiti.

Steadiness, n. uthabits, usimeme ;
(morality) adi/s ; (regularity) wsa-
wa, utaratibu, uaminifu.

Steady, n. Ztabili, imara; (even)
taratibu, sawa, -siogeuka, -stoliki,
sika; (regular) -a kawaida; (moral)
-a adili, amini, -aminifu.

— v. weka imara, fanya thabiti,
tuliza.

Steak, n. (kipande cha nyama ya
ng'ombe).

Steal, v. (p. t. Stole, pf. t. Stolen)
tba, nyanganya, twaa kwa hila
[Awa siri, kwa werevu), rungula,
chukua pasipojulika; (go softly)
enda taratibu pasipo makelele, pita
kama mwivi, nyata, enda polepole,
pita; (take by degrees) Zwaa ki-
dogo kidogo. Steal upon, nyemelea,
nyalia. Steala marchon, danganya.

Stealer, n. mwizi | wezi |.

Stealing, n. 4222.

Stealth, n. kz/a, werevu.

Stealthy, a. -a hila, -a werevu;
(secret, unnoticed) -a@ sirz, -a kwe-
nda polepole, -a kunyemelea, -a
kunyatanyata,

STEAM

Steam, n. mvuke, moshi.

v. enda kwa nguvu ya mvuke,
enda kwa moshi, enda.

Steam-engine, n. (kinu cha kazi
chenyi kuendeshwa na mvuke),
mtambo, cherehana; (locomotive)
garila moshi. .

Steamer, Steamboat, .Steamship,
n. merikebu ya moshi, mashua ya
dohanz, melt.

Steam-factory, n. kinu cha moshi.

Eteamy, a. -a mvuke, -a moto, kama
mvuke,

Steed, n. frasi,

Steel, n. zua, feleji.

—— v. fanya -gumu.

Steelyard, n. mizani, kipande cha
kupimia.

Steep, a. -a kuinuka, -a..kusimama
sawa, -a kwenda juu (chini), -a
kuboromoka, -a kuchongoka.

—— n. boromoko, kilima (Taz.
Steep, a.).

—v.owamisha, lowesha, chovyacho-
vya, jaliza. Steepin, nywesha sana;
(teach fully) fundisha sana.

Steeple, n. mnara wa kanisa, mnara.

Steeplechase, n. | kushindana kwa
frasi kwenda mwitu na nyika
mwitu na nyika|.

Steepness, n. kuwa Steep, a.

Steer, v. (direct) /ekeza njia, ongoza,
andika; (as pilot) shika msukani,
shika shikio, pinga | chombo kwa
shikio|j.

n. ng'ombe mhast.

Steerage, n. (upande wa mbele ndani
ya mertbebul,

Steersman, n. mshiki shikio, mshiki
msukani, rubani.

Stellar, a. -a nyota.

Stem, n. (of tree) shina [ma-]; (of
rice, &c.) ubua [ma-]; (of fruit,
flowers) konyo([ ma-], ktkonyo(vi-]};
(of ship) Aanamu, kasama; (of
pipe) mwanzi [mi-], digals.

— v. shindana na, zuia.

Stench, n. wvundu, harufu mbaya,
kunuka.

Stencil, n. | bamba la kupigia chapa |.

v. piga chapa kwa Btencil,

390

STICK

Stenography, n. = Shorthand.

Stentorian, a. -a kusikika mbali,
-a nguvu sana, -a kelele.

Step, v. enda, enda polepole, chapa
nuguu; (for measurement) pima
kwa hatua. Step over, kiuka, kia,
chupa. Step out, kaza mwendo.

n. (pace, footstep) tatua; (small
interval) nafasi ndogo; (stair) da-
raja Lma-)J; (footprint) wayo [sy-]};
(gait) mwendo; (proceeding) tendo,
kitendo, jambo; (advance) krende-
feo. Take steps, fanya shauri,
jtweka tayari, anza. Take long
steps, fanua miguu. Step cut in
tree,.upanaio | pandio}.

Step-child, n. kambo. Step-father
(mother), baba [mama] wa kambo.

Steppe, n. ie ale pululu | ma-),
jangwa |ma-|. j

Stereoscope, n. (durabini ya kuta-
zamia sanamu |.

Stereotype, n. [banda la madini, la
kupigia chapa vitabu |).

——v. (fanya Btereotype ya} ; (fix)
Rasa, dumisha.

Sterile, a. -stosaa, tassa; (of soil)
kame; (lifeless) baridi.

Sterility, n. kuwa Sterile.

Sterling, a. -a fetha ya kiingereza;
(theroughly good) safi, halsst,
zuri.

Stern, a. -kalz; (behind) -a nyuma.

—— nn. shetri, text (?), upande wa
nyuma. Stern-post, dumea, fashini.

Sternmost, a. -2 nyuma,

Sternness, n. ukali.

Stertorous, a. -a kukoroma.

Stethoscope, n. (kipande cha kuju-
lia hali ya kifua ndani).

Stew, v. tokosa kwa maji kidogo.

—— n. nyama iliyotokoswa.

Steward, n. msimamizi | wa- |, wa-
kili [ma-], mwandishi mkuu.

Stewardess, n. (mtumishi mke meri-
kebuns |.

Stewardship, n. kasi ya Steward.

Stick, n. (thin) fimbo, ufito (| fito),
upao | pao), wasa | nyasa); (short,
thick) kibarango kw ; (long,
thick) gongo [ma-|; (walking)

STICK

bakora; (old man’s) mkongojo

| mez-]; (knobbed) rangu |ma-];

(slaveestick) kongwa ; (in general)

kipande, kitu kama Stick, kijiti,
kibanzi, kibano.

Stick, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Stuck),
(pierce) choma, penyesha ; (fasten)
kaza, tia; (decorate) famba; (make
stick) bandika, ambiza, gandamti-
za; (be sticky) mata; (adhere to)
shikamana na, gandamana na,
ganda, ambata; (remain) kaa;
(get fixed) kwama, sakama, kaza,
zutwa; (be in difficulties) -wa na
mashaka, kwama, situ sifa, Stick
at, onea shaka ao hofu, 2uiwa na.
Stick by, Stick to, shtLamana na,
-wa hali moja na, sayidia ganda-
mia, Stick (in ground), chomeka ;
(in belt, pocket, &c.) futika, pa-
chika. ‘The meat sticks in my
teeth, nyama yaht sakama menont.
Stick out, Zokeza, fanya domo, be-
nuka; (persevere) dumu, endelea.
Stick up, zauka, nmyanuka, simika,
simama. Stick up for, shindania.

Sticking-plaster, n. kibandiko [cha
dawa|.

Sticky, a. -a4 kunata, | kama ule wa
yayi, kama ulimbo).

Sviff, a. (hard, unyielding) -gumu,
-ene, -3ito; (constrained) -shupa-
fu, st -kunjufu, -gumu, baridi. Be
stiff, pindana, shupaa, kazana,
kauka, -wa si laini.

Stiffen, v. fanya Stiff.

Stiff-necked, a. -shupafu, kaidi,
-gumu.

Stiffness, n. kuwa Stiff, mkazo,
kukazana, ugumu.

Stifle, v. songa; (restrain, hide) zuza,
seliri; (cut short) katiza, zima,
zimisha, komesha.

Stigma, n. (disgrace) alama ya aibu,
aibu, "fetheha; sehemu ya ua);
(scar,mark)| waaao kovu mwilini).

Stigmatise, v. “27a alama ya aibu,
aibisha, tukana, shutumu, sula.

Stile, n. (ngazi ya kupila juu ya

| kitalu ao ua wa michongoma|.

Stiletto, n. (kisu cha kuchomea).

391

STINT

Still, a. -tulivu, -nyamavu, kimya,
anana. Still water, maji mafu.
Be still, sz¢ma, tulia, nyamaa.

adv. hatta sasa, bado, vilevile,
lakini, ingawa hivi; (besides)
tena, zayidi. He was still more
frightened, akazidi hofu.

—— n. (chombo cha kupikia tembo,
mvinyo, Stc.).

v. kuliza, nyamasisha, zizimi-

sha.

Stillborn, a. -ozaliwa -fu, -fu tangu
Uzazi.

Still-life, n. [wzumbe visivyo na ust-
ma ya kinyama, vituvifu, mimea,
&c.

Stillness, n. kimya, utulivu, raha;
(calm) shwari.

Stilted, a. -a kujivuna, -a fahari,
-a kiburi.

Stilts, n. [w2tt ao vipande vya kute-
mbelea juujuu).

Stimulant, a.-a kuamsha, &c. (Taz.
Stimulus).

——n. mvinyo, kileo, dawa ya buru-
disha | ya kutia nguvu'.

Stimulate, v. kimiza, harakisha, su-

kumiza, tamantsha, vuta, cho-
mesha.
Stimulus, n. Attu cha kuhimiza

(kuamsha, kuharakisha, kuvuta
moyo, kutamanisha, kutia nguvu),
kichomi, kichokoo.

Sting, n. wma [ny-, ma-); (pain,
smart) ukali, uchungu.

— v.(p. t. na pf. t. Stung) uma,
choma, piga uma.

Stinging, a. -enyi uma, -a kuuma,
-kalt,

Stingy, a. -a choyo, -a kunyima, ba-
khili,

Stink, n. uvundu, harufu mbaya,
kunuka.

—— v. (p. t. Stank, pf. t. Stunk)
nuka, shika uvundu.

Stink-pot, n. (kopo la vitu vyenyi
kusonga watu kwa uvundu wake,
chelezo cha uvundu|.

Stint, v. toa kidogo, nyima, kata,
zuia, hintsha.

n. kiasi, kizuio.

STIPEND

Stipend, n. mshakara, ijara, ujira,

Stipendiary, a. -a mshahara.

Stipulate, v. patana, fanya | weka |
masharti.

Stipulation, n. shartz, mapatano.

Stir, n. kusukasuka, makelele, uthia,
mambo, haraka.

v. (move) jomgesa; (neut.)
enda, jongea; (food, &c.) dboruga,
furuga, koroga; (excite) amsha,
suka, harakisha, chomesha. Stir
up, (fire) chochea, chocheleza;
(food) koroga ; (quarrel) vumbilia ;
(feelings) Aarakisha, wakisha, cho-
mesha; (mud, dust) Zifua. He
cannot stir a finger, hawezs hatta
kujimudu.

Stirring, a. -/endaji, -epest, hodari,
moto; (exciting) -a@ mambo mengi,
-a kuamsha, Sc. (Zaz, Stir, v.).
Stirring news, kabari kubwa.

Stirrup, n. (kikuku cha kupandia
rast |.

Stitch, v. skonashona.

n. (different kinds are, ziki,
mrera, viboko, vinara); (in the
side) kichomi.

Stoat, n.( nyama ndogo kama cheche |.

Stock, n. (root) skzza@; (origin) asz/:,
kizazi, jamaa ; (of a gun, &c.) mli,
Zako; (store) akiba, mali; (live)
ngombe, kondoo, mbuzi, &c.;
(capital) ras tf mali, mali ya asili;
(investment) (mali zliyokopeshwa
kwa matumizi ya serkali ao ya
shirika (Company)]; (quantity)
wingi,kandi. Stock phrases, mane-
no ya kutumika sana, maneno baridi.
Keep in stock, -wa na... tayari.
Make stock of, fayzas. Take stock,
hesabu, fanya daftari, kadirisha;
(watch) angalia, chungulia,

Stockade, n. boma |ma-),
(ayua|.

Stock-broker, n. | mfanya biashara
ya Stocks (funds).

Stock-exchange, n. | nyumba ya bia-
shara ya Stocks (funds) za kazi
yake |.

Stock-holder, n.
(investment).

ua

mwenji Btock

392

STONEWARE

Stocking, n. | kifuniko kirefu cha
mguu chini, Bock ndefu |.

Stock-jobbing, n. Oashara ya
Stocks (investment).

Stocks, n. mkatale |mi- |; (funds)
mali iliyokopeshwa, ras tl mali ya
serkali | ya shirika). It is on the
stocks, zzatendwa kazi, iko inate-
ngenezwa, lakini si tayari.

Stock-still, a. kimya kabisa, kama
Jiwe, kama kifu. Stand stock-still
(with wonder, &c.), funduaa.

Stoic, Stoical, a. -szoona furaha
wala huzuni, -sto na tamaa, kama
Jiwe. baridi. The Stoics, (| waalimu
wa kiyonani zamant |.

Stoicism, n. | mathehebu, tabia, hali,
ya kuwa Stoical|.

Stoke, v. chochea, chocheleza.

Stoker, n. mchochezi moto (wa-}.

Stole, p. t. ya Steal.

—— n. [tepe refu la kasisi).

Stolen, pt. t. ya Steal.

Stolid, a. -zi/o wa akili, -pumbafu.

Stolidity, n. upumbafu, usito wa
akili.

Stomach, n. fumbo | ma-|; (inclina-
tion) Zamaa ya kula, tamaa.

v. vumilia, chukua.

Stomacher, n. | shalt ya kuvaa mwa-
namke kifuani |.

Stomachic, n.-a fumbo, -a kutuliza
tumbo.

Stone, n. jiwe (mawe); (small) £o0-
koto |ma-|, mbwe; (very small)
changarawi; (of fruit) soke, ko-
kwa | ma-|; (precious) #0 [ws-],
johari; (weight) ratli kumi na
"ane; (hardness) ugumu, ukali.

—-. a. -@ jiwe, -4 mawe.

—— v. tupia mawe; (of fruit, &c.)
toa makokwa.

Stone-blind, a. kipofu kabisa.

Stone-cutter, n. mkala mawe.

Stone-fruit, n. matunda yenyi ma-
kokwa.

Stone-mason, n. mwashi [wa-}.

Stone's cast, Stone's throw, n.
mtupo wa jiwe.

Stoneware, n. -@ dongo mgumu
sana.

STONE-W ORK

Stone-work, n. uashi, mawe.

Stony, a. -2 mawe mengi; (hard,
severe) -gumu, -kalt.

Stood, p. t. xa pf. t. ya Stand.

Stool, n. kili kidogo, meza ndogo,
chano, kibau cha kukalia, daraja,
kibago (?); (excreta) choo, mati,
manyest, Go to stool, enda
chooni.

Stoop, v. inama, sutama,sikunyata;
(condescend )jishuska, jithili,

Stooping, n. kiinamizi, kebtongo.

Stop,v.sémamisha,komesha fungisha,
zuia, pingia njia, (neut.) simama;
(remain) kaa, shinda; (rest) fua, ko-
ma, nyamasa, isha; (close, ‘ob-
struct) saba, funga. Stop a tooth,
ziba tundu la jino. Stop short,
kata | katiza |) mwendo.

n. (end) kikomo, kinga, mwisho;
(obstacle) Azzuztz0, zuio; (in writ-
ing) nukta, kituo ; (in machinery,
&c.) | kipande cha kuzuia ao kuzt-
ba). Stop! bassi! tua! ngoja!
semama !

Stop-cock, n. dz/ula.

Stop-gap, n. badala.

Stoppage, n. kusimama, kustmamti-
shwa, kufungwa ; (obstruction) ki-
zuio, mgogoro, kinga.

Stopper, n. kizibo |vi-|.

Storage, n. kuweka akiba, kukusa-
nya vifaa; (room to store) nafasi
ya kuwekea vitu.

Store, n. atiba, kandi; (abundance)
wingi, tele; (supplies) wifaa;
(room) ghala. In store, Zayari.
Set store by, enda sana, thant ya
thamani, chunuka.

v. weka, kusanya ; (furnish, fill)
pamba, galiza.

Store-house, n. b0khari,

Store-room, n. gha/a.

Storied, a. -lohadithiwa wingi;
(having stories) -enys drofa, -a
matabaka

Stork, n. korongo.

Storm, n. Zidruba, tufane, mvua
kumwa ; (commotion) masukosuko,
uthia, mavumi, makelele, ghatha-
bu; (abundance) wingi. Take by

393

STRAIN

storm, ‘waa ghdfala, piga thdruba,
pigania sana, (waa kwa nguvu.

Storm, v. vuma sana; (show rage) toa
maneno makali, ghathabika; (in
war) = Take by storm.

Stormy, a. -a Storm, -a tufane ;
(angry) -a ghathabu.

Story, n. kadithi, kisa | vi- |), kabari,
ngano; (hction) kadithi tu, uwo-
ngo, maneno ;(ofhouse) érofa, dari,
tabaka [ma-).

Stout, a. -xene, -a nguvu, hodari.

——n. (| Pombe nyeusi ya kizungu |.

Stoutness, n. unene, nguvu, utha-
biti, maki; (of limb) maungo.

Stove, n. jiko [meko, la kizungu,
chombo chenyi moto cha kupikia |.

p. t. ya Stave, v

Stow, v. weka, pakia, tia vizuri.

Stowage, n. mapakizi, nafasi ya
kupakilia vitu.

Straddle, v. zagaa, panua miguu.

Straggle, v. ‘awanytka, ‘apakaa,
enea; (be behindhand, be lost)
chelewa, polea.

Straggler, n. aliyepotea, mpotefu wa
njia, mchelewa.

Straggling, a. -olawanytka -liota-
pakaa; (late) -hochelewa.

Straight, a. sawa, -a kunyoka, -a
kusimama ; (honest) -2yofu,amini,
halisi. Go straight on, endelea
moja kwa moja.

Straighten, v. nyosha, fanya sawa,
Tengeneza ; (put in difficulties) uz4i,
thitkisha. Straightened circum-
stances, ufitiki, ukwasefu.

Straightforward, a. -a kwenda sa-
wa; (honest) -yof, amini.

Straightness, n. kuwa Straight.

Straightway, adv. marra moja,
palepale, ghdfala hiyo.

Strain, v. vata kwa nguvu, nyosha,
kaza; (make effort) jitahidi, fanya
bidii, kakamuka; ' (over-exert,
spr ain) stusha, tegua, popotoa, le-
geza; (liquid) chuja; (meaning)
geuza. haribu; (principles, point)
kosea kidogo makusudi, vuta,

—— n. (exertion) juhudi, bidii, ku-
kakamuka; (stretching) kunyoshwa

STRAINED

894

STRETCH

sana, mkazo; (of music) #imbo, | Stratify, v. fanya Stratum.
sauté; (manner) ginsi, mfano;| Stratum, n.([mawe ya kuwekwa safe

(natural bent) katiba, tabia.

Strained, a. -a skidda, -a mashaka,
-a baridi.

Strainer,n. (wicker) dung’ uto[ma-],
kifumbu [vi-].

Strait, a.-excbancba, -a mkazo ; (rigid,
stern) -@ shidda, -kalz.

—, Straits, n. (of sea) kilango cha
bahari, mlango; (distress) shidda,
taabu. Be in straits, Be put to
straits, kwama, thitht. pata mashaka.

Straiten, v. songa, kaza, ongezea
taabu.

Strait-laced, a. -eumu, -shupafu.

Straitness, n. shidda, taabu.

Strait-waistcoat, n. (vazi nene zilo
la Smeets walevi, wenyi wazimo
&c. |.

Strand, n. ufuko, ukingo wa bahari;
(in rope) jino la kamba, ncha. A
rope of three strands, kamba ya
mene malatu,

pweleza, ingiza [ingia]
mwambani, kwama, kwamisha.

Strange, a. -geni, -sungu, ajabu,
-pya, -a@ uzushi; (belonging to
another) -a watu, -a mwenyewe.

Stranger, n. mgeni (wa-). Heisa
stranger to me, simjui huyu.
You are a stranger (rare visitor)
nowadays, umeghalika siku hizi.

Strangle, v. nyonga, songa kwa
kamba; (throttle) kaba, kaba roho;
(put a stopto) komesha, suta.

Strangulated, a. -/tosongwa.

‘Strangulation, n. msongo wa msht-
pt, msongo wa roho; (strangling)
kusonga kwa kamba, kunyonga.

Strap, n. ukanda | kanda|.

—— v. funga | piga | kwa Strap.

Strata, pl. ya Stratum.

Stratagem, n. Aila, werevu.

Strategic, a. -a Strategy.

Strategist, n. mwenyi maarifa ya
vita.

Strategy, n. maarifa ya vita, mate-
ngenco | madaraka | ya vita,

Stratification, n. kufanya Stratum,
ginst ya Stratum.

— Vv.

safu, ya kupangilika juu kwa juu,
ya tabaka, ya kutabikiana, ya ku-
laliana, ya kutandwa sawa sawa,
matandiko ya mawe ), tabaka (ma-|.

Straw, n. majani makavu | ya ngano,
ya shayiri |); (trifle) si kitu, robo
pesa. The last straw, (| kifu kidogo
kiletacho maangamizi makuu,
chenyt hasara kubwa|. It does not
matter a straw, Aatthuru hatta ki-
dogo.

Strawberry, n. (funda lamu la ki-
sungu |.

Stray, v. potea, sungukasunguka ;
(err) kosa.

—— a. -lropotea; (chance) -a bahati,
-a vivi hivt, -a nasibu.

Streak, n. mfuo (mi-|); (of light)
ktanga.

v. piga mifuo,

Streaky, a. -enyi mifuo.

Stream, v. fila (kama maji ao mwa-
nga|, pita tele. Go up stream,
kata maji. Go down stream, f/uata
maji,

——n. mto mdogo |mi- |), kijito [vi-];
(current) mkondo; (tendency) ma-
elekeo, mvuto.

Streamer, n. bendera (ndefu nye-
mbamba |.

Streamlet, n. kijito [v2-].

Street, n. nja ya mji.

Strength, n. nguvu, uwezo, sulubu,
uthabiti, ugumu. On the strength
of, kwa kutegemea, kwa sababu ya.

Strengthen, v. #a nguvu, fanya
imara, thubutisha; (encourage,
help) -fa moyo, sayidia, fariji.

Strenuous, a. -a bidii, -a nguvu, -a
kujitahidi.

Stress, n. (trouble) shzdda; (strain)
mkazo,: kusonga; (means, force)
maana, nguvu. Lay stress on, ona
-kubwa; (emphasize) kasia sauti.
Stress of weather, pepo nyingi,
Taabu ya bahari. ,

Stretch, v. nyosha, eneza, kunjua,
tanda, tanua, wamba, (neut.) #yo-
ka, tanuka, enea; (exaggerate)

STRETCHER

< ongeza mno, pita kiasi ya, vuta.
Stretch up to, chuchumia. Thing
stretched over, kiwambo.

Stretcher, n. kitanda (cha kuchu-
kulia wagonjwa), machela ; (in
boat) wango (ma-, mb-), taruma
[ma-]}.

Strew, v. (pf. t. Strewed, Strewn)
tawanya, tapanya, tupa huko na
kuko, mwaga, nyunyiza.

Stricken, a. -liosjeruht, -leotaabzhka,
-enyt kupigwa.

Strict, a. halisz, -a nguvu, -kals.

Strictness, n. uhaliss, ukali, nguvu.

Stricture, n. shutumu [ma-|, neno
[ma-]| kali, suto [ma-]; (medical)
kusongwa mshipa.

Stride, v. (p. t. Strode, pf. t.
Stridden) panua miguu, tagaa,
enda kwa mashindo, piga hatua
ndefu, chapua miguu.

n. katua kubwa, mwendo wa
nguvu. Advance by rapid strides,
endelea upesi.

Strife, n. shindano, ushindano; (war)
usta, pigano, kondo; (quarrel) ugo-
mut, kubishana.

Strike, v. (p.t. #a pf. t. Struck) piga,
chapa; (knock) gonga. bisha, gota;
(with knife, &c. )?iga,choma; (coin)
piga chapa ; (sail, Sc.) tua, shusha ;
(on rock) kwama, ingia mwamba-
nz; (leave work) acha kasi [ille
kuzidisha ijara); (affect) tagiamo-
yont, stusha, shangaza, choma, tia
kishindo. It strikes me, nathan,
nia imentingia moyoni. He was
struck by fever, alipatwa na homa.
Strike a balance, fanya urari wa
hesabu, lipana, kattana. Strike a
bargain, patana, pigana bet, fanya
ubazazi. Strike a camp, vunja
kituo, ondoka. Strike a light, wa-
sha laa, Strike a tent, 2g'0a (ondoa)
hema. Strike off, futa, hata, katia
mbali; (print) piga chapa; (di-
verge) enda zake |zao, &c.|. Strike
out, Zoa, futa; (invent) vumbua,
jitungia, jifanyizia. Strike up,
(music) ansa, anza kuimba (ku-
cheza). Strike on, kufa; (discover)

895

STROKE

vumbua. Strike on the ground,
tupa chini. Strike in, jztza ghd-
fala, jiingiza katika maneno.
Strike a sore place, Zonesha.

Strike, n. | kwacha kazi illi kusidisha
ijara, makatazo ya kazi).

Striking, a. -4 kustusha | kushanga-
za, kuslaajabisha, kushinda moyo,
&c.]. The effect was most striking,
mwisho wake ajabu sana.

String, n. kifani, usi, ugwe, kigwe;
(of fibre, &c.) upoke | pote]; (series)
wingi moja kwa moja, mwanda-
mano, mfuatano; (row) safu; (of
beads) shada ; (of fish) mfungo
[wz-}.

—-v.(p.t.aa pf. t. Strung) fungia
kitani, tunga,

String-course, n. #shi [xy-].

Stringed, a. -enyz Myuzi.

Stringency, n. nguvu, ukali, mkazo.

Stringent, a. -4 nguvu, &c.

Stringy, a. kama nyuzi, kama ki-
tani.

Strip, n. kipande | kirefu chembamba).
Strips of grass, or leaf, for making
mats, brushes, &c., (fine) myaa
[mt-], (coarse) mwaa [miwaa].
Plaited strips, (fine) ukili (kili),
(coarse) shupatu [ma-], (coloured)
nyiza. Strip of bark, fibre, &c.,
mpole | pote), ng ong'e.

— v. (clothes) vua, vuka; (skin)
chuna; (property) kumba, nyang’a-
nya, teka, fanya -tupu (kame);
(rind, &c.) ambua, babua ; (leaves,
&c.) ponoa, pagua; (thatch) ezua ;
(branches, &c.) Awanua.

Stripe, n. (line) stepe (tepe), ust
[ny-], mfuo(mi-),mwalamu|mi-),
mlia (mé-]; (blow) pigo [ma-].

Striped, a. -a miustart, -a lepe, -a
mélia.

Stripling,n. kijana, pande la mwana.

Strive,v.(p.t. Strove, pf.t. Striven)
jaribu, jaribia, jitahidi, fanya
bidii, shindana.

Strode, p. t. ya Stride, v.

Stroke, v. papasa.

—— n. figo | ma-]}; (disaster) msiba
[mé-], athabu; (sudden effort or

STROLL

effect) tendo la nguvu,tendo kubwa,
mshindo, théruba. Give a finishing
stroke to, maliza, kamilisha. At
a stroke, ¢hdruba moja.

Stroll, v. zungukazunguka, tembea-
lembea, tanga, jienda.

n. matembezt, kuzunguka, ku-
tanga.

Stroller, n. mpitaji, mtembezi.

Strong, a.-a nguvu, hodari, ndume,
-a bidii, lhabifi, sulubu, imara,
ZUMU,

Stronghold, n. #gome, boma [ma-],
gereza.

Strongly, adv. kwa nguvu, sana.

Strop, n. £inoo cha wembe.

Strophe, n. sehemu ya uimbo.

Strove, p. t. ya Strive.

Struck, p.t. za pf. t. ya Strike, v.

Structural, a. -4 Structure.

Structure, n. muundo, ujenzi, mate-
mgeneo ; (natural form) umbo, ernst
ya kufanyizwa, maumbile, asili.
A structure (building), jengo(ma- |);
(wooden) kiwazi [v#-].

Struggle, v. shindana, jitahidi, toa
bidii, jaribu, jaribia, fapatapa, ka-
kamuka.

n. bidii, mkazo, jaribu (ma-].
juhudi, kasi ngumu; (contest)
shindano, mapigano, vita.

Strung, p. t. xa pf. t. ya String, v.

Strut, v. Lamba, enda kwa kujivuna,
enda kwa umalidadi.

n. kutamba, &c.; (cross-piece)
taruma | ma-|.

Strychnia, n. [sumu ya mtonga ao
miupa |.

Stubble, n. [washina ya majani ao
ya mabua yaliyokatika|.

Stubborn, a. -tundu, -shupafu, -ka-
tat, -Umu.

Stubby, a. (hair) -fupi na -nene.

Stucco, n. chokaa ya kukandtka.

Stuck, p.t. na pf. t. ya Stick, v.

Stud, n. jamii ya frasi (waliochu-
ngwa kusudi kuzaliana|; (button)
msomart, kifungo, kinundu.

—— v. gamba kwa vinundu, tapakaa
katika.

Student, n. mwanafunzi, mwana

396

STUMP

chuont, miu wa kusoma, mtu wa
mtaala. .

Studied, a. (designed) -a bidii, -a
makusudi; (worked at) -ofanyiwa
kazi nyingi, -ltosomwa sana.

Studio, n. (kiwanda cha mfanyi
sanamu |.

Studious, a. -2 Study, n.

Studiousness, n. b2ati ya kusoma.

Study, n. (mental work) kujifunza,
kusoma kwa bidii, mtaala; (sub-
jects studied) kazi za chuoni, vita-
bu, masomo, kazi; (in art) kazi,
namna ya kazi, -kielezo; (room)
kijumba cha kusomea.

v. soma, soma sana, jifunga kwa
kusoma, fanyia bidii, taalz,

Stuff, n. vitu, vyombo, vifaa, vipa-
mbo vya nyumba; (cloth) nguo;
(nonsense) ‘akataka, upuzi, mawe,
ovyo; (substance) asili, kilu cha
asili, kifu.

v. sasa, jaliza ; (press) shindilia,
songeza ; (porge) shibisha, vimbi-
sha, kinaisha; (fill hole) ssa;
(cram with learning) fundisha ma-
mbo mengi mno.

Stuffing, n. |(waandasi ya kukolea
chakula; kitambaa cha kuzibia).
Stuffy, a. pastpopita hewa, -a jasho,

-a kusonga.

Stultification, n. kupumbaza.

Stultify, v. pumdbaza, -onya upumba-
fu wa; (disappoint) datlisha,
tangua, vunja.

Stumble, n. kwao [ma-]; (error)
kosa |(ma-|1.

v. jikwaa, kwaa. Stumble up-
on, kuta, pata kwa bahati, baha-
tisha.

Stumbling-block, n. kikwasi, jambo
la kukosesha, mtu wa kuchukiza,
mashaka.

Stump, n. (kipande cha mts kilicho-
baki), shina |ma-), konyo | ma-|,
shiku, kishiku ; (limb) guts, kigu-
tu; (of arm) kikono; (in cricket)
[mitt (mi-), kiguzo (vi-)|. Go on
the stump, suaguka na hubiri.

Draw stumps (in cricket), vunja

(mchezo), maliza.

STUMP

897

SUBLIMITY

Stump, v. (walk heavily) enda kwa ! Subdivision, n. sehemu ya sehemu,

kukanyaga, jtkokota 3 (in cricket,
put out) funga ; (tourin) zunguka
na hubiri katika.

Stumpy,a. Be stumpy, kundaa, via.

Stun, v. (bewilder) fathaisha, tia
bumbuazi, tisha, stusha; (with
noise) ziba masikio, tea kiziwi,
levya.

Stunk, pf. t. ya Stink, v.

Stunt, v. visa, fupisha, haribu. Be
stunted, vza, kumdaa, se kua vema.

Stupefaction, n. fatkaa, bumbuazi,
kupotewa akili.

Stupefy, v. za Stupefaction.

Stupendous, a. -kubwa |-ingi|) mao
ajabu.

Stupid, a. -pumbavu, -jinga, pasipo
akili. You stupid! Stupid fool!
mbuzi wee! ng'ombe! ngamia!

Stupidity, Stupidness, n. upumba-
fu, ujinga, akili chache,

Sturdily, adv. kwa nguvu, hodari.

Sturdiness, n. unene, nguvu.

Sturdy, a. -nene, -a nguvu, hodari.

Sturgeon, n. |samaki kubwa lenyt
magamba).

Stutter, v. gugumiza, gotesa mane-
no, babaika,

——, Stuttering, n. kigugumizi.

Sty, n. (in eye) chokea; (for pigs)
banda la nguruwe, zizi | ma-|.

Style, n. (kind) ginsi, namna ; (ap-
pearance) sura, umbo; (good kind)
ginsi bora, namna nzwrt; (mode
of writing) andiko; (temper) tabia,
desturi; (title) jina | ma-|. A good
(literary) style, dibaji, ufasaha. In
style, vizuri, kwa fahari.

— v. faja, ila.

Stylish, a. -su7z, bora.

Stylographic, a. (pen) [Aalamu ya
sindano na wino ndani |.

Styptio, a. -a kuviliza damu.

Suasion, n. kushawishi, ushausht,

Suave, a. /aini, -tamu, -a kujipende-
heza.

Subaltern, n. akida mdogo.

Subaqueous, a. -4 chini ya maji.

Subdivide, v. gawa tena | silio-
kwisha gawika |, zidi kugawa.

kikato | vi-1.

Subdue, v. ‘esha, piga, shinda;
(tame, quiet) fuga, lainisha, tuliza.

Sub-editor, n. [Editor mdogo].

Subjacent, a. -a chinz,

Subject, n. (kitu kinachonenwa ao
kutendewa kazt|; (matter) jambo,
kitu, neno, shughuli; (of king)

‘rayta ; (person) mtu.

a. -a chini; (liable, affected) -a
kupaswa, -enyi kupasiwa, -lie ka-
tika hatari ya, -liopatikana na.
Subject to, kwa ruksa ya, kwa
sharti ya. He is subject to fits,
hupatika na kifafa. Subject to

your pleasure, /akini upendavyo
WEWE.

——v. tisha, weka chini; (make
liable, affect) pastsha, pasha.

Subjection, n. utumwa, hali ya ku-
wa chini.

Subjective, a. (things) -a nafsi, -a
nafsini [-a rohoni, -a moyoni, -a
akili, -a mawazo, -a kutungika
moyoni tu, st halisi, si hakika);
(person) -a kujikumbuka nafsi,
enyi fikara sake.

Subjectivity, n. kuwa Subjective.

Subjoin, v. zia mwishont, ongeza, tia
zayidi.

Subjugate, v. tha, piga, shinda.

Subjugation, n. kutiisha, kutii-
shwa, &c.

Subjunctive, a. [Subjunctive Mood,
namna ya Verb yenyi kuonyesha
waso la moyoni (kusudi, tamaa,
tumaini, hofu, &c.), si hakika ya
jambo lenyewe|.

Sublet, v. [pangisha nyumba, &c.,
iliopangwa |.

Sublimate, v. (turn to vapour) gez-
za hewa kwa kulia moto; (refine)
safisha kwa moto, takasa.

Sublimation, n. kugeuza, Sc. (Tas.
Sublimate).

Sublime, a. -a juu sana, bora sana,
-kuu, -tukufu mno, -a fahari, -a
heri, ajabu. ;

Sublimity, n. fahari, heri, utukufu,
ajabu (Taz. Sublime).

SUBLUNARY

Sublunary, a. -4 dunia hit, -a ult-
mwengu; (unimportant) -zyonge,

Submarine, a. -a chini ya bakari.

Submerge, v. fosa, samtsha chint,
aidimisha.

Submergence, Submersion, n. ku-
tota, kutosa chins.

Submission, n. kushika' miguu,
kujitoa, ulit ; (meekness) uvumi-
livu, urathi, upole.

Submissive, a. -¢22, -fole, -nyonge.

Submissiveness, n. kuwa Submis-
sive.

Submit, v. (surrender) sika miguu,
jitoa, jiweka chini, ttt; (endure)
vumilia, slahimili; (acquiesce)
kubali, ona vatht; (put forward)
toa, weka. .

Subordinate, a. -a@ chini, -dogo.

—— v. weka chini.

Subordination, n. kuweka | kuwe-
kwa, kujiweka ) chini; (obedience)
uti, ularatibu.

Suborn, v. |Zumia kuwa mashahidi
ya uwongo|, apisha uwongo.

Subposna, n. [hati ya kulazimisha
mtu kuja mbele ya kathi |).

v. tolea Subpoena.

Subscribe, v. zoa fetha, changa ma-
le; (sign) andika jina chini, ta
usahihi; (support, approve) kubali,
shuhudia, toa tithing.

Subscriber, n. mwenyi kuchanga,
&c.

Subscription, n. (contribution) cha-
ngo (ma-); (approval) kukubali ;
(signature) kuandika jina, tthini.

Subsection, n. sehemu ya sehemu,
kikato |vi-).

Subsequent, a. -a baadaye.

Subsequently, adv. daada, daadaye.

Subserve, v. faa, sayidia.

Subservience, n. kuti, kufaa.

Subserviont, a. -a kutii, -a kufaa.

Subside, v. shuka, punguka, tulsa ;
(water) -#wa; (masonry) zatia.

Subsidence, n. kushuka, &c., kuti-
tia.

Subsidiary, a. -a kusayidia, -dogo.

Subsidise, v. tolea fetha ya msaada. |

398

SUBVENTION

Subsidy, n. fetha ya msaada.

Subsist, v. (exist, endure) -wa, kaa,
ishi; (live) pata chakula, pona,
lisha. Subsist on, -/a,ponea, jilisha.

Subsistence, n. chakula, risiki, na-
fuu; (existence) asili, hakika,
kuwamo.

Subsoil, n. udongo wa chini.

Substance, n. kiu, nyama, mwili;
(matter) as#/? ya vifu vyote; (im-
port) maana; (strength) nguvu,
uthabiti ; (wealth) mali, utajiri.

Substantial, a. (real) -a kakika,-a .
kweli; (strong) -a nguvu, thabsts ;
(wealthy) -a mali, -tajiri. A sub-
stantial (corporeal) ghost, kivuli
chenyi nyama.

Substantiate, v.thubutisha, hakikia,
yakinisha, shuhudia.

Substantive, n. = Noun.

a. -2 hakika, -a kweli, -a ngu-

vu.

Substitute, v. 42a mahali pa -ngint,
badilisha.

—— n. badala.

Substitution, n. kutia (kuliwa)
mahali pa -ngine, kubadilisha.

Substratum, n. | kitu kilicho ndani
ao chini).

Substrueture, n. (Structure ya
chini, ujenzi wa chini, jukwaa).
Subtend, v. /kkea, lekeana na, ka-

bili. j

Subterfuge, n. A/a.

Subterranean, Subterrancous, a.
“a chini ya inchs.

Subtle, Subtile, a. -janja, -erevu,
-a hila nyingi; (delicate fabric)
laini, -embamba, -zuré ; (penetrat-
ing) -2 kupambanua, -a akili, -a

nguvu.

Subtlety, Subtleness, n. werevu,
busara ; (fineness) wembamba, ula-
tnt; (force) akili, nguvu.

Subtract, v. toa, ondoa, twaa, chu-

Subtraction, n. kuondoa, &c., ku-
kwaa nussu; (in arithmetic) baki.
Suburb, n. kunga |vi-).
Suburban, a. -4 kiunga, kiungani. *
Subvention, n. msaada.

SUBVERSION

899

SUFFOCATE

Subversion, n. kupindua, &c. (Taz. | Suok, v. fyonda, fyonsa ; (the breast)

Subvert).
Subversive, a. -a kupindua, Sc.
(Zaz. Subvert).

v. pindua, angamiza,

mwisho mwema, tokea vema, ku-
njuka. Succeed in, weza, pata,
Jaliwa, faulu.

Succeeding, a. -a pili, -a baadaye.

Success, n. (result) mwisho; (good
fortune) mwisho mwema, bahali
njema, kufanikiwa, njia, heri.

Successful, a. -a kufanikiwa, -a
heri, &c.

Succession, n. kuingia mahali pa,
haki ya kushika kazi ya; (series)
kufuatana, mafualano, mwanda-
mano. A succession of events,
mambo mengi yakifuatana [yakt-
andamana), utaratibu wa mambo.

Successive, a. -a kufuatana, -a ku-
andamana, -a baadaye.

Successively, adv. kwa kufuatana,
moja kwa moja.

Successor, n. afuataye, aingiaye
mahali pa mtu, ajaye nyuma,mwa-
ndamt, badala; (heir) mrithi.

Succinct, a. -a maneno machache.

Succinctness, n. kutumia maneno
machache.

Sucoour, v. msaada, shime, auni,

n. sayidia, leta shime, pigania,
tia nguvu, -pa moyo.

Succulent, a. -enyi maji mengi, -a
utomvu mwingi.

Sue amb, v. shindwa, jitoa, patwa,
fa.

Such, a. hivi, -a ginsi hit, sawa, -a
namna hiyo fullani, kama hiyo
(uyu, &c.}, -liofanana, -a mfano
mmoja; (Tremarkable)-kubwa,-ingi,
ajabu. Such a thing, kabari hiyo.
Such and such, fullani. He is
such an ass, kweli ngamia huyu.
Such a business, jambo kama nini.
Such as, kama, melhili ya. Such
that, atta.

nyonya; (get information from)
sua, Suck in, Suck up, -mywa;
(as a pump) vufa (Awa bomba).
Sucker, Suckling, n. mmnyonya
[wa-]; (of plant) mche [m:-],
kitawi [vi-].
Suckle, v. nyonyesha.
Suction, n. kufyonda, &c.; kuvuta
kwa bomba, mvuto (Taz. Buck).
Sudden, a. -a ghdfala, -a thdruba
moja. On a sudden, ghdfala,
marra.

Suddenness, n. ghdfala, kuwa ghd-
ala.

Sudorific a. (dawa) ya kutoza jasho,

Suds, n. fofu ya sabuni.

Sue, v. taka, omba ; (prosecute) shéa-
ki, dai.

Suet, n. shahanu ya nyama, mafuta.

Suffer, v. (endure) vumilia, staki-
mili, chukua; (allow) acha, ku-
bali, ruhusu; (feel pain) umwa,
umizwa, teswa, ona uchungu; (be
damaged) pata hasara, haribika,
hasirika; (be affected) patwa,
tendewa ; (be punished) patiiswa,
rudiwa, athibishwa. You will
suffer for it, utaona wee, utalipa.

Sufferance, n. kuachiwa, ruhusa;
(endurance) uvumilivu.

Sufforer, n. mwenyi hasara [ shari,
taabu, husuni, maumivu, &c.],
mteswa, maskini,

Suffering, n. umivu | ma- |, kuteswa,
mateso, uchungu, taabu.

Suffice, v. Zosha, kifu, faa, rithisha,
weza.

Sufficiency, n. kutosha, utoshelevu,
uwezo; (store, stock) akiba, mali;
(independence) ukinaifu.

Sufficient, a. -a kutosha, &c. (Taz.
Suffice). It is sufficient, bassi,
bassi tena,

Sufficiently, adv. kadiri ya kutosha,
kadiri.

Suffix, n. [(Gram.) sehemu ya neno
yenyi kuliwa mwishoni, baada ya
Root].

Suffocate, v. songa roho, songa
nyonga, Uta pumuzi,

SUFFOCATION 400

Suffocation, n. kusonga | kusongwa |
roho, Btc.

Suffragan, a. (bishop) askofu mdogo.

Suffrage, n. [uweso wa kuchagua
mtu kuwa mkuu ao kuwa katika
baraza kuu ya serkali |); (opinion,
vote) mapenzi, shauri, neno, chaguo
[ma-]; (witness, approval) wshu-
huda,ukubalt ; (short prayer) [sala
fupi). Universal suffrage, [wate
wote kuwa na Suffrage|. House-
hold suffrage, (| wenyi nyumba kuwa
na Buffrrage|. To be elected by
universal suffrage, kuchaguliwa na
watu wote.

Suffuse, v. funika, jaza, enea katika.

Suffusion, n. kufunika, Sc.

Sugar, n. sukari; (brown, half-made)
sukari guru.

v. tia sukari.

Sugar-cane, n. mua (| miwa|.

Sugary, a. -a sukari, kama sukali,
-lamu,

Suggest, v. onya, tra moyoni, toa
shauri, penyesha habari; (give
idea of) dokeza ; (by signs) ashiria,
pungia.

Suggestion, n. onyo [ma-], shauri
{ ma-], dokezo | ma-|, ishara.

Suggestive, a. -a kuonya, -a
maana, j

Suicidal, a. -a2 kujifisha, -a kuji-
angamiza, -a kujiletea hasara.

Suicide, n. kufifisha makusudi,
Commit suicide, Jgifisha, jiua,
Jithalimu nafsi.

Bui goneris, a. -a peke yake, -a mts-
ndo, -a namna.

Suit, n. (of clothes) kiswa; (in law)
madai, uda wa, mashitaka, hukumu,
maneno; (request) kaja, maombi ;
(of marriage) kupoza, mapozo.

v. faa, stahili, saki, stahikt,
wa sawa [-serd], wajibu; (agree)
patana, hngana. Suit oneself,
chagua -enyewe. Suit each other,
chukuana.

Suitability, n. kufaa, £:c.

Suitable, a. -2 kufaa, &c. (Taz.
Suit, v.).

Suite, n. | jamii ya wafuasi wa mtu

SUMMON
mkuu|, wafuasi;

jamii, mafuatano.

Suitor, n. mchumba | wa-|, mwenyi
kupoza, mpozaji, mpost; (in law)
mdai | wa-|.

Sulk, v. kuwa Sulky, #una.

Sulkiness,n. uchungu,ukatdi, chuki.

Sulky, a. -eny: uchungu, -kaidi, -a
kununa, -nuni.

Suilen, a. -enyt uchungu, -kaidi ;
(gloomy, heavy) -zizo.

Sullenness, n. kuwa Sullen.

Sulphate, n. (of copper) mrufufu;
(of magnesia) chumvi ya hatuli.

Sulphur, n. kiberiti.

Sulphurous, a. -a kiberiti.

Sultan, n. sultant, mfalme, jumbe
[ ma-]}.

Sultana, n. malkiya, mkewe sultant.

Sultanate, Sultanship, n. wsultanz,
&c.

Sultriness, n. kuwa Sultry.

Sultry, a. -4 kart, -a jua kali, -lo-
kauka, -kavu; (oppressive) -a ku-
songa, -a hewa nzilo.

Sum, n. (total amount) jumla;
(in arithm.) #esabu; (of money)
jetha ; (meaning) maana. A sam
of money, fetha. Paya large sum,
lipa fetha nyingi.

v. kesabu. Sum up, jumlisha,
fanya muhtasart, sema kwa vicha-
che.

Summarize, v. jumlisha, sema kwa
maneno machache, fanya muhta-
Sart,

Summary, n. muilasari.

—— a. -a marra moja, -a ghafula,
-athdruba, In asummary manner,
upesi, kwa haraka, billa kufikiri,
marra moja.

Summer, n. wakati wa jua kali,
wakati wa hari; (in south latitudes)
kaskasi, musimi, chaka.

Summer-house, n. (kibanda cha
anasa bustanint |.

Summersault, n. = Somersault.

Summit, n. ki/ele [vs-]; (tip) ncha;
(highest point) sfeo, juu. On the
summit of, sss ya.

Summon, v. #a; (prosecute) seleka

(series, set)

SUMMONS

shertani | kwa kath), dat.
mon for debt, -wtwesha.

Summons, 0. mwito, hwitwa huku-
muni.

Sumpter, a. (nyama) -a kazi.

Sumptuary, a. -4 kupunguza gha-
rama, -4 kuzuia anasa,

Sumptuous, a. -4 anasa nyingi, -a
thamant, -surt sana,

Sumptuousness, n. kuwa Sump-
tuous.

Sun, n. jua [ma-], kama jua.

— v. antka juani. Sun oneself,
ota [jtota] jua.

Sunbeam, n. mwanga wa jua, kia-
nga.

Sumburnt, a. -ckundu |-kavu) kwa

Jua, -liokauka.

Sunday, n. Juma a pili, |siku ya
Bwana).

Sunder, v. tenga, pasua, kata.

Sundries, n. takataka. vitu vingi.

Sundry, a. -ngine, kathédwakatha,
baathi.

Sunfish, n. (samaki ya mviringo |.

Sunflower, n. (ya kubwa).

Sung, pf. t. ya Sing.

Sunk, pf.t. ya Sink,v. A sunk fence,
[shimo refu lenyt ukuta upande
mmoja), handaki.

Sunless, a. pastpo jua, -a giza.

Sunny, a. -a jua, -a hart; (joyous)
-a furaha, -kunjufu.

Sunrise, n. kucha, jua lichapo, macho
ya jua, mapambazuko, jua likipa-
nda, From sunrise to sunset, mcha-
na kuchwa. From sunset to sun-
rise, usiku kucha.

Sunset, n. magharibi, jua likishuka,
machweo, kuchwa.

Sunshine, n. jua, mwanga wa jua;
(after rain) kianga.

Sunstroke, n. kupafwa na jua.

Sup, v. -/a chakula cha jioni.

Superabundance, n. wingi, masazo,
masiada.

Superabundant, a. -zmgi mno, -a

asa.

Superannuate, v. (ondosha katika
kasi kwa sababu ya kupita umri
wa kanuni|, —

Sum-

401

SUPERNATURAL

Superannuation, n. kuondosha,
(neut.) uondoka, &c. (Taz.
Superannuate).

Superb, a. -suri sana, bora.

Supercargo, n. karani, msimamizi
wa shehena,

Supercilious, a. -juvi, -a kitongo-
tongo, -a kiburi, -a kutharau, -a
kujivuna. A supercilious look,
kutazama kijuvt, macho ya kiburi.

Superciliousness, n. £uwa Super-
cilious,

Supererogation, n. | kupita kadiri
watu wapaswavyo kwa haki), -a
zayidi.

Superficial, a. -4 Superficies, -a
kijuujuu; (hasty, careless) -a
haraka, -a kutaghdéfali, -a puru-
kushant. Treat superficially,
purukusha. A superficial wound,
Jaha ndogo | ya nje, ya ngozini
tu

Superficies, n. upande wa nje [wa
Juu), sura ya juu, eneo.

Superfine, a. -surz sana.

Superfluity, n. wsazo [ma-], ma-
stdio, baki, kisicho na kazi, wingi.

Superfluous, a. -a burre, -sto na
kasi, -stotumika, -a kupita kiasi,
-a zayidi.

Superhuman, a. -2 kupita binada-
mu, -kubwa [-ingt | mno, -a Muu-
ngu.

Superincumbent, a. -Howekwa juu,
-2 juu.

Superintend, v. szamia, angalia,
amuru kazi.

Superintendence, n. wsimamizi,
madaraka, matengenezo, maangazt.

Superintendent, n. msimamizi,
mwangalizi | wa- |.

Superior, a. -4 juu, -ema zayidi,
-kubwa, bora, -a kupita -ngine.
Superior to, -stoshindwa na, kupita,
zaidi ya.

Superiority, a. kuwa Buperior.

Superlative, a. dora mno. In a
superlative degree, kupita yote.

Supernal, a. -4 juu.

Supernatural, a. sz -a ulimwengu,
si <a ginsi ya viumbe vyote, -a ku-

Dd

SUPERNUMERARY

pita asili. st kwa desturi ya vitu
vyote, si kama vitu vinginevyo, si
-a dunia hii, -a ajabu; (spiritual)
-a rohoni, -a Muungu: (miracu-
lous) -a@ mwujiza. The super-
natural, yasiyoonekana, yapitayo
asili yetu.

Supernumerary,n.[sayidi ya hesabu
iliyoamriwa), akiba.

Superpose, v. weka juu.

Superposition, n. kuweka | kuwe-
kwa) juu.

Superscribe, v. andika juu, tia
anwani,

Superscription, n. anwani, andiko
la juu.

'Supersede, v. (take the place of)
ingia mahali pa, -wa badala ya;
(remove) ondosha, batilisha tangua.

Supersensual, a. [-stoonckana na
macho ao masikio), -a kupita akili,
-a kiroho.

‘Superstition, n. tant ya uwongo,
dini ya ujinga, ibada ya kishenzi
(kuabudu pepo, sanamu, miungu
ya uwongo, Sc.); kufanya upuzi
kama uchawi, uchaji mwingi mno
katika mambo ya dini | kupiga bau,
kutazama ndege, kuvaa hirizi, ku-
angalia chuo, &c.).

Superstitious, a. -4 Superstition.

Superstructuroe, n. ujenzi wa juu.

Supervene, v. fukia baadaye, fuata,
tokea, zukia,

Superviss, v. simamia, angalia,
amuria.

Supervision, n. usimamizt,maanga-
zi, madaraka, amri.

Supine, a. (on the back) chali;
(slack) -legevu, -zilo, -zembe.

Supineness. n. #/egevu, &c.

Supper, n. chakula cha jioni,

Supperless, a. fasipo Supper.

Supplant, v. kwaa mahali pa, ondo-
sha, punguza | poteza) kidogo ki-

_ dogo kwa siri.

Supple, a. -a kupindikapindika, -a
hunyumbuka, -liopindikana, -epest,
laini; (yielding)-a tabia laint, -t1i.

Supplement, n. maongeso, utimizo
[ma-], nyongeza.

402

SUPPOSE

Supplementary, a. -a kuongeza, -a
kutimiliza, -a zatat,

Suppleness, n. kuwa Supple.

Suppliant, Supplicant, a. -a ku-
omba, ombi, -ombajt.

Supplicate, v. omba, sihi, taka,
lalama.

Supplication, n. maombi, haja, ku-
omba.

Supplicatory, a. -a kuomba.

Supplies, n. matumizi, akiba, kandi,
masarufu, vyakula, riziki, nafuu,
vyombo, vifaa.

Supply, n. kutoa, kuleta, kuweka ;
(store, quantity) wingi, akiba, ja-
mii, auni; (public) fetha ya ser-
kali. Supply and demand, (kadiri
ya kutaka na ya kupatikana ita-
kwayo, mali na tamaa). (Taz.
Supplies.)

—— v. foa, leta, weka, -pa. aunt,
rusukisha; (on credit) kopesha.
Supply the place of, -wa makali
pa, -wa badala ya.

Support, n. kuchukua, &c. (Taz.
Support, v:): (prop) segemeo.
nguzo, mhimili (| mi-), (kifu chenyi
kazi ya kuchukua, &c..mti, kibau,
chakula, fetha, riziki. 8:c.); (help)
msaada, shime, upendeleo. Means
of support, #2ik:. chakula, nafuu.

v. (bear) chukua, tegemea, hi-
mili; (endure) wumilia; (help)
sayidia. fariji, -pa moyo, pendelea,
burudisha; (maintain) /tsha, chu-
kua, patia chakula; (a cause) shi-
ndania, shika: (continue endelesa,
dumisha, fulisa; (attest) shuku-
hudia, thubutisha; (attend) fua-
tana na, stndtkiza. Support life
on, fonea, -la. How does he
support himself? asaponea nini,
apataje riziki ?

Supportable, a. -4 kuchukultka, -a
kuvumilika.

Supporter, n. mfu wa kuchukua,
&c., msayidia, mfuasi.

Supposable, a. -a kuwasikana, ya-
mkini.

Suppose, v. (consider) wasa, thant,
ona; (fancy, guess) tunga, daka-

SUPPOSITION

tisha, gist; (require) hitaji, taka.
Suppose that, Supposing, zézwa,
labuda, kwamba, iwapo. Suppose
they differ, katila na waachane.

Supposition, n. wazo [ma-]}, tha-
na; (not fact) kadifhi, maneno,
UWONZO.

Supposititious, a. -/iotrwa kwakila,
-2 hila, -a uwongo, si halsi.

Suppress, v. (overcome) shinda,
vunja, komesha ; (restrain) funga,
zuia ; (conceal) ficha, setirt.

Suppression, n. kushinda, 8.
Suppression of urine, kufunga
mkojo.

Suppressive, a. -4 kushinda, Sc.
(Zas. Suppress).

Suppurate, v. fanya usaha, tunga
usa

Suppuration, n. kufunga usaha.

Supremacy, n. ensi kuu, mamlaka,
uwezo, kutawala, hukumu, nguvu.

Supreme, a. "kubwa sana, bora ha-
ist, -2uré kabisa. The Supreme
Being, Muungu Mwenyezi.

Supremely, adv. Lupita yote, zayidi,
haswa.

Sure, a. (certain) -a kakika, yakini;
(positive) -@ kujua sana; (trust-
worthy, safe) amini, thabiti, sa-
lama, tmara; (confident) -esyz
tumaint, pasipo shaka. You are
sure to go, kuna budd? utakwenda.
Be sure, Feel sure, (have no doubt)
yakinia, jua sana, tumaini sana;
(be beyond doubt) -wa yakini
(hakika). Make sure, hakiki,
hakikisha. Yes, to be sure, #dzo,
kweli, naam, eewalla,

Surely, adv. hapana shaka, hakuna
buddi, haikosi; (safely) salama,
kwa halhari.

Surety, n. mliamini, lazimu.

Suretyship, n. uliamini.

Surf, n. mawimbi | yakifanya pofu),
mawimbi meupe, mawimbi ya kuu-
mka.

Surface, n. upande wa nje, upande
wa juu, juu, sura, uso. Surface
of the earth, uso wa arthi, sura ya
inchi.

408

SURROUND

Surfeit, n. shtbe, wingi.

v. shibisha, vimbisha, kinaisha.

Surge, n. mawimbi | ya povu, ya
kuumka|.

—— v. inuka, fanya mawimbi,
umka.

Surgeon, n. mganga [(wa-].

Surgery, n. ugunga ; (room) chumba
cha kazi ya mganga.

Surgical, a. -a mganga.

Surliness, n. #sa/s.

Surly, a. -Aa/s.

Surmise, v. (judge) thant, waza;
(guess, fancy) funza, bahatisha.

—— n. wazo |ma- |, thana.

Surmount, v. pita juu, pita, shinda.
Surmounted by, -enyi juu yake.

Surmountable, a. -4 kupitika, -a
kushindika.

Surname, n. | jina la pili, jina la
mwisho, jina la kuonyesha jamaa|.

v. #a Surname.

Surpass, v. pita, shinda, zidi. He
surpasses him in power, amemsidi
kwa nguvu, amemzidia Nguvu,

Surpassable, n. -a kupifikana.

Surplice, n. (nguo nyeupe ya wafa-
nyao kazi ya dim kanisani).

Surpliced, a. -eny: Surplice.

Surplus, Surplusage, n. baki, sazo,
salia | ma- |.

Surprise, n. (feeling of wonder)
mshangao, kustaajabu; (thing) sha-
nt, kizushs, ajabu; (bewilderment)
fathaa ; (sudden onset) kugundua,
kugunduliwa. Take bysurprise, jia
kwa hila, fumania, gundulia, su-
kia, Cause surprise, shangaza, ka-
ng'a, shusha, ajabtsha, tia kishindo.

—v. ajabisha, shangaza; (bewilder)
tang a, kang’ anya, fathaisha, stue

Surprising, a. -2 ajabu, Sc. (Taz.
Surprise, v.).

Surrender, v. toa, salimisha, (neut.)
fitoa, shindwa.

—— n. kutoa, kutolewa, &c.

Surreptitious, a. -a Akila, -a siri.

Surround, v, (be, go round) zunguka,
-wa mzingo wa | pande sote za,
kandokando la); (place round)

nda

SURTOUT

zungushia; (besiege) husuru, fa-
nyia masingiwa.

Surtout, n. [vast kama joho |.

Surveillance, n. usimamzizi, ma-
angazt, ulinzi, kuchungulewa,

Survey, v./asama, kagua, chungulia,
angalia; (measure and describe
exactly) Tandika sura halisi kwa
kupima na kuhesabu |), pima, kadi-
risha.

n. kutazama, 8c.

Surveying, n. Avtazama, &c. (Taz.
Survey, v.); (map-making) | maa-
rifa ya kupima inchi-ao bahari na
kufanya ramani, kupima mchi |.

Surveyor, n. (mwenyi kasi ya Bur-
veying).

‘Survival, n. kuishi baada ya kufiwa,

&c.; (remainder) baki, masalia.

Survive, v. ishi baada ya kufiwa,
zidi kukaa; (be saved) okoka, pona
katika hatari ; (remain) baki, sala.

Survivor, n. mwenyi Survival,
mwenyi kuokoka.

Susceptibility, n. wepest wa kuona
(kustuka, kupata, kupatwa, &c.] ;
(kindness) kuruma, utu mwema.

Susceptible, Susceptive, a. mwe-
nyt Susceptibility.

Suspect, v. shuku, tuhumu, thanta
viovu ; (fancy) thant, gist, waza.
Suspend, v. (hang) ‘unadtka, angika ;
(balance) ming’iniza; (defer) we-
ka. ahirisha; (stop work, &c. of)
suita kasi ya, usulu, toa, tangua.
Suspend a sitting, vunja baraza.
Suspend payment, filisika. Sus-
pend judgement, kaa na mashaka.

Suspense, n. mashaka, kusttasita;
(pause, stop) kukoma.

Suspension,n.kufunaika,kufungika,
&c. (7as. Suspend). Suspension
bridge, (daraja la kitundika kwa
kamba, minyororo, &c.\.

Suspensory, a. -4 kuchukua,

Suspicion, n. kulhania viovu, tuhu-
mu [ma-|, mashaka, shuku [ma-}.

Suspicious, a.-enyi kuthania viovu,

. enyi mashaka; (untrustworthy)
si amini, st wazi, St -NYOJU.

Sustain, v. chukua, tegemea, sayi-|

404

SWARM

dia; (prove) thubutisha; (endure)
patwa na, vumilia; (allow) kubali,
tia ithini.

Sustenance, n. vyakula, makuli, ré-
ziki, nafuu.

Sustentation, n. kulisha, kusayidia,
kuendeleza, kuchukua, kutegemea.

Sutler, n. mchuuzi | kwa asikari).

Sutling, n. kazi ya Sutler.

Suture, n. kushona (kwa mganga),
kiungo.

Suzerain, n. mkuu, bwana, seyidi.

Suzerainty, n. [uweso na kazi ya
Suzerain|.

Swab, n. | kitani ao kitambaa wa ku-
pangusia |).

Swaddling-clothes, n. (vifambaa
vya kumfungia kilolo, nguo za
kitoto |.

Swagger, v. famba, sipotoa, enda
kwa kujivuna; (make a show)
piga makuu, fanya fahari, fanya
Jeuri, jijelea maume.

——n. majivuno, makuu, ufithuli,
Jeuri.

Swahili, n. 2a a. (person) mswahili,
[wa-]; (language) kiswahili.

Swain, n. mfu wa shamba, mkuli-
ma; (lover) mchumba |mwana-
ume |.

Swallow, n. (bird) darawaz.

v. mesa, -la yote; (put up with)
vumilia; (recant) jikania, jikata-
lia, geuza; (take on trust) sadiki
marra moja pasipo shaka.

Swam, p. t. ya Swim.

Swamp, n. zwa |/a maji na matope
mengij.

—— V. jasa maji, tosa majini, pi-
ndua; (rain) angamiza, pindua.
Swampy, a. -£nyi Swamps, kama

Swamp, -2 majimaji, -a matope

n. (adege kama bata kubwa

m

Swan,
sana |

Sward, n. majani [mazuri madogo).

Swarm, n. kundi, kundi sima, kundi
ta nyuki.

—— v. fanya kundi kama nyuki,
songana, -wa -iNgi, jaa, -saa
sana.

SWARTHINESS

Swarthiness, n. weusi,

Swarthy, a. -eusi [uso, ngozi). .

Swathe, n. (of grass, &c.) fungu,
chungu.

Sway, v. (move to and fro) sukasuka;
(swing) pembeza, ning'inisha;
(neut.) #:ing'inia, wayawaya, tiki-
sika; (stagger) levyalevya, sitasita;
(influence) geuza, vuta, ongoza,
tawala, weza.

n. kuning'inia, &c. ; (rule) uta-
wala, uwezo wa mfalme, enzi;
(power, influence) nguvu, MVULO,
mwendo wa 1, .

Swear,v.(p.t. Swore, pf. t. Sworn)
apa,laani,tukana; (cause to swear)
apisha, funga kwa kiapo. Swear
at, Zukana, laani, apiza. Swear
in (soldiers, &c.), changa kwa
kiapo. Swear by, apa; (trust in)
amini, jetea, tegemea. Swear eter-
nal friendship, shanjtana.
mutually (to each other), afiana.
Swear solemnly (on the Book), apa
Liga | yamini | Koran]. Cause to
swear, apisha, afya.

Swearer, n. mfukana, mnajisi. wa.
maneno.

Swearing, n. kuapa, laana, matu-
kano, maapizo.

Sweat, n. jasho, hari, vukuto.

v. toa [toza, toka | jasho; (of

. exaction) /oza | watu | faida vibaya,
onea.

Sweaty, a. -4 Sweat, n.

Sweep, v. (p. t. za pt. t. Swept) /a-
gia, takasa; (empty) fanya -cupe
apu|; (remove) chukua, rusha,
ondoa -ote, futia mbali ; (clear out)
kumba; (move proudly) peta Awa
nguvu| kwa fahari |; (survey) pitisha
jicho juu ya, tazama -ole; (of
musical instrument) pisha mkono

juu ya, piga. Sweep away, futta
mbali, ondoa -ote, pangusa, kumba.

n. kufagia, mfuto, &c.; (of arm,

arms) fzg0 la ghafala; (range) eneo,
upeo, pigo; (direction) maelekeo ;
(current) mwendo wa nguvu, mvuto.

. Sweep up (in heaps), wwa. Make a

clean sweep, kumba, futia mbals,

405

Swear | -

SWIMMING

Sweepings, n. fakataka, niatakata.

Sweepstakes, n. /uzo la jumla, tuzo
kubwa ; (contest) kushindania tuzo
kubwa, shindano kuu.

Sweet, a. -tamu, -a kupendeza, laini,
-surt; (to smell) -a kunukia;
(water) baridi. Of his own sweet
will, Lama apendavyo mwenyewe tt.

Sweeten, v. tia utamu, tia sukals,
fanya tamu, kolea.

Sweetheart, n. mchumba (| wa-|.

Sweetmeat, n. waandasi matamu,

Sweet-potato,-n. kiazi [vi-].

Sweets,n.(pleasures) ufamu, furaha;
(bonbons) maperementi, sukalt,
wilame,

Swell, v. (pf. t. Swelled, Swollen)

vimba,tuna,umka, fura; (increase)

zidi, ongezeka; (spread) ‘anuka,
enea, umka; (be proud) jzvuna;

(be full of) ingiwa na... -ingt;

(cause to swell) wimbisha, zidisha,

Sc.

—— n. kuvimba, kuzidi; (waves)

mawimbi ya mkoba ; (fop) mmali-
dadi | wa-|.

Swelling, n. #vimbe, kivimbi; (pro-
tuberance) nundu, kitumbo; (in-
crease) maongezo, maziada.

—— a. -a kiburi, -a kujivuna, -a
kuumka.

| Swelter, v. legea (shindwa, zimia|

kwa hari,
Swerve, v. geuka, kwenda upande ;
(incline) ¢namia.

Swift, a. -efesz, -a mbio, -a marra

moja, -a haraka, -a ghdfala;
(ready, prompt) /ayart.

Swiftly, adv. upesi, hima, kwa ha-
raka.

Swiftness, n. wepesi.

Swill, v. (drink) -nywa kwa pupa;
(pour on) mwagia maji tele, suza.

Swim, v. (p. t. Swam, pf.t. swum)
ogolea, elea, chukuliwa na mkondo ;

(move smoothly) pifa upesi; (be

dizzy) ona kizunguzungu; (cause

to swim) e/eza, ogelesha; (pass by

swimming) vuka kwa kuogelea.
Swimmer, n. mwogelea.
Swimming, n. kuogelea, &c. (Taz.

—

SWIMMING

Swim);
ngu.

Swimming, a. -a kuogelea, -a kuelea;
(dizzy) -a kizunguzungu ; ; (tearful)
-a machozi.

Swimmingly, adv. #pfesi, Vizuri,
rahisi.

Swindle, v. punja, kopa, danganya,
karamkia,

n. kukopa, ukopi, ujanja, ubha-
limu, hila.

Swindler, n. mAhopi, ayari, mjanja,
mthalimu.

Swine,n.nguruwe, jamii ya nguruwe.

Swing,v. (p.t. za pt.t.Swung),(rock)
ninginia, pembea, wayawaya; (be
hung) tundikwa ; (move to and fro)
sukasuka, jongea huko na huko;
(move aside or round) enda upande,
enda kuzunguka; (set swinging)
ning intza, pembeza, jongesa huko
na huko, zungusha kwa nguvu,
(neut.) sukasuka.

— n. kuning inia,&c. ; (rope-swing)

pembea, (sweep, rush, range, &c.)
pigo, mwendo wa nguvu, mshindo,
njia, eneo. Be in swing (in full
swing), -wa katika kutenda kazi
yake, enda, sitawi, Give full
swing to, endesha, sttawtsha, si zuta.

Swinish, a. kama nguruwe, -chafu.

Swipe, v. (cricket) piga kwa nguvu.

Switch, n. ufito | fito); (points on
railway) panda la njia | ya gari la
moshi).

v. geuza njia, geuza upande.

Swivel, n. [pete yenyi kuzunguka).

Swollen, pi. t. ya Swell, v.

Swoon, n. kuzimia roho.

-— v. zimia roho.

Swoop, n. ruka chini | kama tai).

At one swoop, ¢hdruba moja.

—— v. ruko (la kuja chini), ruko la
ghafala.

Swop, v. badili.

Sword, n. upanga | panga] ; (curved)
kitara l2:-); (short, straight)
shime. Put to the sword, wa, chinja.

Sword-fish, n. papa upanga.

Swordsman, n. [mtu hodari kwa
upanga |, asikari wa upanga.

(dizziness) kizunguzu

406

SYNCHRONISM

Swore,Sworn,p. t.7a pf. t.ya Swear.

Swum, pf. t. ya Swim.

Swung, p. t. za pf. t. ya Swing, v

Sybarite, n. (mtu wa anasa nyingi).

Sycamore, n. mkuyu |mi- |.

Sycophancy, n. [mambo ya Syco-
phant

Sycophant, n. msifu mbaya, mjite-
ndekeza vibaya, msiahifu mno.

Syllabio, a. -a Syllable.

Syllable, n. (karufu yenyi sauti mo-
ja, jamii ya harufu yenyi kuta-
mkwa pamoja\.

SylIlabus, n. muhtasart.

Syllogism, n. (hoa halisi isiyokani-
kana}.

Syllogistic, a. -2 Syllogism.

Syllogize, v. ‘uma Syllogism.

Sylph, n. (kijana mwanamke mwe-
mbamba mzuri |.

Sylvan, a. -2 mwitu.

Symbol, n. mfano, alama, dalili,
ishara, methali, onyo ; (creed) ka-
nuni ya imani, shahaaa,

Symbolic, Sy mbolical, a.-a mfano,
&c. (Zaz. Symbol); (signihcant)
-enyt maana.

Symbolism,
mifano.

Symbolize, v. onya kwa Bymbol,
fanana na, -wa kama; (hold same
creed) patana, -wa na imani moja.

Symmetrical, a. -£nyi Symmetry.

Symmetry, n. ulinganifu, uzuri,
kadiri, usawa.

Sympathetic, a. -4 huruma, &c.

Sympathize, v. -wa na huruma.

Sympathy, n. huruma, upole, utu
mwema.

Symphony, n. ulinganifu wa sauti
nyingi, uimbo,

Symposium, n. kula bia, karamu,
kikao, jamii ya watu wakila
pamoja.

Sympton, n. alama, ishara, daltdili,
onyo | ma-|, kionyo, shuku.

Symptomatic, a. -a kuonya.

Synagogue, n. | kanisa la kiyahudi).

Synchronism, n. wakali mmoja,
mwaka mmoja, ulinganifu wa
wakali, usawa wa mtaka.

n. mifano, kutumia

SYNCOPE

Syncope, n. kuzimia, kulegea, kama
kufa.

Syndicate, n. | shirika la watu wenyi
kasi moja), kampani.

Synod, n. | mkutano wa wakubwa wa
kanisa|.

Synodic, Synodical, a. -4 Synod.

Synonym, n. (neno lenyt maana ile
tle na jingine), maana sawa.

Synonymous, a. -£nyi maana moja,
-a kuonya kifu kile kile, -a kuhu
zika na.

Synopsis, n. (kabari nyingi kwa
maneno machache, maneno ya
kujumlisha maarifa), muhtasart,
ukumbusho, jumla.

Synoptic, a. -4 Synopsis, -4 Syn-
optist. di

Synoptists, n. (Mattayo, Marko,
Luka, waanjilisti |).

Syntaz,n. (elimu ya kupanga maneno
kwa sarufi ).

Synthesis, n. (kufia pamoja, kufa-
nyiza vitu vingi kuwa moja, kuu-
nganisha, kuchanganya, kulinga-
nisha|.

Synthetic, a. -¢ Synthesis.

Syphilis, n. sekencko, ktjeraha cha
mboni, lego.

Syphon, n. = Siphon.

Syria, n. Sham.

Syringe, n. bomba ndogo.

Syrup, n. asali, kama asali, (dawa
nzito tamu ya kunywa).

System, n. (orderliness) s¢aratibu,
ukamilifu, kawaida, desturi; (se-
ries, group) (yamzt ya vitu vyenyi
hali moja ao kazi moja aakuwiana),
Jamii nzima; (entire plan) mambo
yote, habari zole; (plan, method)
shauri, madaraka, matengeneo,
njia; (body) mwili, maungo.

Systematic, a. -a System.

Systematize,v. andika kwa System,
panga, tengeneza,

T.

Tabby, a. (of cat) (-a madoadoa, -a
milia meusi na meupe).
Tabernacle, n. [hema ya tbada ao

407

TAIL

masikani ya Wayahudi, pataka-
tifa; kisanduku kitakatifu|,

Tabernacle, v. ‘ua, kaa.

Table, n. meza ; | kitu chembamba sa-
wa laini, mli, madini, cho chote|;
(tood) chakula; (list, index,
scheme) muhtasari, hesabu, da-

ftart, junta la habari. Turn the
tables, badilisha hali. At table,
chakulani. ‘Table-cloth, nguo ya
meza.

Tableau, n. faswira, sanamu, mfano.

Table d’héte, n. | kula pamoja wa-
gent katika Hotel], kula bia.

Table-land, n. |(zuchi sawa iliyo-
inuka|.

Table-spoon, n. mwiko mkubwa;
(as measure) #ussu wakia (Taz.
Spoon).

Tablet, n. kibau cha kuandikia.

Taboo, v. harsmtsha, kataza, gombeza
kabisa.

Tabour, n. kigoma.

Tabular, a. -a Table, kama Table,
wazi, -a taratibu.

Tabulate, v. andika wazi (taratibu),
fanya muhtasart | hesabu |.

Tacit, a. -a kimya, -liothihirika pa-
sipo kunena. He gives a tacit
consent, Aakataz.

Taciturn, a. -4yamavu, -a kimya, -a
maneno machache, -sttrifu.

Taciturnity, n. unyamavu, &c.

Tack, v. (of ship) bisha, kisi mata-
nga, pindua demani [goshint]; (in
sewing) figa bands.

—— n. msomari mdogo ; (of ship,
tacking) mbisho; (course) mdjira;
(change) ugeuzi, upinduzt.

Tackle, v. Aamata, shikilia,

——, Tackling, n. vyombo (vya
Jahazi, kamba, ayart, &c.), pambo.

Tact, n. werevu, akili, busara.

Tactical, a. -4 Tactics.

Tactician, n. (mjusi wa Tactics,
mwalimu wa mambo ya vila |.

Tactics, n. maarifa ya vila.

Tadpole, n. (mdudu mdogo wa
maji).

Tag, n. (kipande kidogo nchant |.

Tail, n. mkia (mi-), upande wa

TAILOR 408

mwisho | wa kinyume). ‘Turn tail,
kimbia. Put tail between the legs,
fyata mkia. Wag the tail, suka-
suka mkia,

Tailor, n. mshoni (wa-).

Taint, n. (blemish) waa [ma-];
(disgrace) aibu; (smell) uvundu,
kioza; (infection) ugonjwa, kia-
mbukizo.

—— v. ambukiza, haribu,

Tainted, a. -eny¢ Taint, n.

Take, v. (p. t. Took, pf. t. Taken)
twaa, shika, kamata; (convey)
chukua, peleka; (please) pendeza;
(choose) chagua; (require) kizaji,
taka; (use) tumta; (remove) foa;
(receive) pokea ; (endure) vumilia ;
(understand) fahamu; (accept)
kubali. Takea bite, mega, ambua.
Take a walk, tembea, enda tembea.
Take as spoil, eka. Take an oath,
aja. Take across, wakisha, vu-
sha. Take aim, piga shebaha, le-
keza bunduki. Take after, fanana
na, iwa, fuatisha. Take at one's
word, sadiki, kubali. Takeaway,
chukua, ondoa, toa. Take breath,
pumzika. Take by force, nyang'a-
nya, poka. Take care, angalia,
tunza, jthathart. Take down,
shusha, tweza, tungua, tundua;
(building) éomoa; (in writing)
andika ; (fruit, &c.) angua. Take
effect, Zenda kazi yake, faa. ‘Take
the fancy, Take the eye, wafa,
pendeza, tamanisha, tazamiska.
Take fire, waka. Take heart,
jipa moyo, piga moyo konde.
Take heed, angalia, jihalhari.
Take hold (of), shika, shikilia, ka-
mata. Take in, (understand) faka-
mu; (cheat) punja; (include) we-
ka, -wa na...ndant; (lessen)
punguza; (water) vuja; (under-
take) jipatia kazi ya; (buy regu-
larly) jinunulia marra kwa marra.
Take in hand, shika, jutia katika,
maltki. Take into one's head,
azimu, nia. Take in vain, Zaja
burre, tharau. Take leave of,
aga, agana na. Take medicine,

TALISMAN

-nywa dawa. Take notice (of),
angalia; (favour) pendelea. Take
off, (clothes, cap, &c.) wwa; (the
fire) tpua, tegua ; (imitate) zga kwa
mzaha; (remove) ondoa, toa, kata.
Take oneself off, ondoka. Take on
oneself, diriki, tadiriki, hawili.
Take orders, agiswa; (be ordained)
[engrswa katika uhudumu wa
Kanisa, Tas. (Holy). Orders}.
Take out, toa, ondoa, futua; (pick
out) chokora; (escort) fuatana na.
Take out a tooth, ngua jino.
Take it out of, chosha. ‘lake part,
sharikt, Take place, -wa, tukia,
fanyika. Take revenge, jzlipiza
kisasi, Take time, (be slow) taka
wakali, -wa jambo la siku nyingi ;
(be careful) enda polepole, jika-
thart, Take the field, enda kupi-
gana,shika vita. Take the ground,
panda, ingia mwambani, kwama.
Take thought, kumbuka, sumbu-
kia. 'Taketo, penda, jifunga kwa.
Take to heart, #wa uchungu, siki-
tikia. Take to one's bed, ugua.
Take to one’s heels, kimbia. ‘lake
to pieces, kong'oa. Take to task,
kemea, karipia. Take up, (in the
hand) zoa, okota; (lift up) inua,
tweka, twika; (engage in) jitia ka-
lika, shtkilta ; (arrest) funga, ka-
mata; (occupy) -wa kazi ya, taka,
chukua; (a position) chagua ma-
hali, tua; (rebuke) shutumu, amba.
Take up with, fanya urafiki na.
Be taken ill (worse), shikika.

Taking, a. -a kuvula,-a ku za,
-a kutamanisha.

Tale, n. | jiwe kama kioo|.

Tale, n. hadithi, kisa, ngano; (fic-
tion) #wongo, upusi. Tell tales
of, chongea; (relate) kadithia.

Tale-bearer, n. dukizi [ma-}, mzuzi
[wa-].

Tale-bearing, n. udukist, uchongesi,
UZUZI,

Talent, n. akili, nguvu; (money;
fetha kama reale elfu mbili).

Talented, a. -2 Talent.

Talisman, n. falasimu | wa- |), Airizi.

MV... oe Ja

TALK

409

TAR

Talk, v. nena, sema, jizungumza, | Tandem, n. | frasi wawili, mmoja

ongea. Talk about, semea, nena.

Talk down, pambanya. Talk to,

sema na,ongea na. Talk in sleep,

weweseka, wewedeka, Talk against,
sema, amba, nenea. Talk over,
semana habari ya; (out-argue)
pambanya, nyenya, shawishi, ‘Valk
through the nose, semea puant,
sema kipuant, sema king'ong'o.

Talk loud,.sema sana. Taik non-

sense, puza.

n. usemt, maneno, Maongezi ;
(noisy, loud) mavums; (silly)
upuzi, mpayo.

Talkative, a. -a maneno mengi, -pi-
ga domo, -limi,

Talker, n. msemaji, mwenyi maneno
mengi.

Tall, a. -refu na -cmbamba, -refu.
A tall man, Zambo.

Taliness, n. urefu (wa mtu, wa
kitu chembamba |, utambo.

Tallow, n. mafuta, shahamu.

Tally, v. -wa sawa, lingana.

n. | kipande ao kitani cha kuhe-
sabia |.

Tally-ho, n. ukelele wa mwindaji,
kikorombwe.

Talmud, n. Jkiabu cha mafundisho
cha Wayahud?).

Talon, n. kucha [la ndege mkali).

Tamarind, n. (tree) mkwaju |mi- |;
(fruit) ukwaju | kwaju|.

Tambourine, n. kigoma, lari.

Tame, v. fuga; (subdue) #isha,
£wia; (reclaim) ongoza, ondolea
ushenzi.

a, -liofugihka, -zoefu, -tulivu;
(mild, dull, teeble) -/egevu, pasipo
nguvu, billa akili, thatfu, baridi.

Tameable, Tamable, a. -a kufu-
gika.

Tamper, v. jaribia vibaya | burre).
Tamper with, hartbu, vuta vibaya
[Awa hila, fetha, uwongo, &c.).

Tan, v. (zia dawa ngozi ztsioze] ;
(turn brown) fanya -eusi, geusa
(rangi).

n. (dawa ya kuliwa ngozi zi-

S202€ ).

mbele mmoja nyuma, wakikokota
gari). Drive tandem, -wa na
gari la Tandem.

Tangent, n. [mstart wa kugusa Cir-
cle asipo kuikata|. Ata tangent,
mshelhali, kwenda upande.

Tangibility, n. kwwa Tangible.

Tangible, a. -a kuoneka kwa kugusa,
-a kugusika, -a kufumbatika;
(clear) wast, thahirt, hakika.

Tangle, n. matata, matatizo, ma-
Sungamano.

—— v. tatanisha, tatiza.

Tank, n. birika kubwa [la kuwekea
maji akiba), tangi [ma-).

Tankard, n. (kopo ao kombe kubwa
la kunywea |.

Tanned, a.-kavu, kama ngozi kavu,
-Hounguliwa, tusi.

Tanner, n. zifanya Tanning.

Tannery, n. mahali pa Tanning.

Tanning, n. (kazi ya kutia ngozi
dawa zistoze).

Tantalize, v. chokosa, tia uchungu,
tamantsha burre, kattza tamaa.

Tantamount, a. Sawa, mamoja.

Tap, v. gota, gonga, bisha, chapa;
(broach) zibua Pipa, toa |maji,
mvinyo, Sc.).

—— n. bi/ula; (slight blow) pigo
do,

go.

Tape, n. utepe [tepe].

Taper, n. meshmaa ndogo, tawafa ;
(getting smaller) kuchongoka.

—— v. chongoa, chongoka,-wa Taper-
ing.

Tapering, a. -a kuchongoka, -a ku-
pungukapunguka, -a kufanya ncha.

Tapestry, n. | mguo nene zenyt sana-
mu, 2a kuangika ukutani), zulia
za ukutani.

Tape-worm, n. (chango kirefu cha
matumboni).

Tapioca, n. wanga wa muhogo.

Tapir, n. kayama ya Hindi na
Amerika, kama nguruwe kubwa),.

Taproom, n. (duka la kunywea
pombe tembo, Sc. |.

Tar, n./ami; (sailor) bakaria.

— v. paka lami.

TARDILY

Tardily, adv. kwa uzembe, kwa ku-
kawia.

Tardiness, n. kuwa Tardy, siri.

Tardy, a. -sembe, -vivu, -legevu, -a
kuchelewa, -a kusita, -a usiri.

Tare, n. kigugu mwitu.

Target, n. shebaha.

Tariff, n. [hesabu ya kodi ao ushu-
ru, hati ya kuonya thamani ao bei,
taarifu |.

Tarnish, v. karibu (haribika) kwa
ee ; (disgrace) atbisha, patia
aibu.

Tarpaulin, n. (2940 nene iliyopakwa
lami), tarbali.

Tarry, a. -a lami, kama lami.

v. kawa, chelewa, kaa nyuma,
kaakaa, ngoja.

Tart, a. -chungu, -kals,

—— n. maandasi ya matunda.

Tartan, n. (nguo ya watu wa Scot-
land mene yenyi milia, nguo ya
marakaraka |).

Tartar, n. mtu wa Tartary, mtu
mkali sana; (of teeth) ukoga.

Task,n. kazi. ‘Take to task, kemea,
shutumu.

—— v. amria kazi; (put to strain)
bidisha, jitahidisha, jaribisha,
chosha ; (accuse) sitaki.

Task-master, n. msimamizi wa

. kazi,

Tassel, n. kishada, kifundo.

Tasselled, a. -enyt vishada.

Taste, n. utamu, luththa; (act of
tasting) kuonja, maonji, nyonda;
(liking) ¢amaa, upendo, akili;
(perception of beauty) (akili sa
kupambanua mazuri haswa);
(judgement) akili za kuchagua
wema; (style) namna nzuri, ginsi
nzuri. A man of taste, mfu wa
akili, msannifu. Have a taste
for, jua, weza, penda. Give a nice
taste to (food), kolea, unga.

—— v. onja; (have flavour) -wa na
luththa, kolewa; (take a little) kwaa
kidogo; (test) jaribia. It tastes
hice, #2 Zamu.

Tasteful, a. -a akili, -surt, fasihi.

Tasteless, a. pasipo luththa; (dull,

410

TEACH

flat) dufu, baridi.
haina kiungo.

Tasty, a. -tamu, -zuri, -a kukolewa.

Tattered, a. (clothes) -bovu-bovu,
-ltotatuka-tatuka.

Tatters, n. nguo mbovumbovu.

Tattle, n. mapayo, vijineno, upuzi.

—— v. payuka.

Tattoo, n. chanjo, chale, mchoro, tojo;
(of drum) [mdundo wa ngoma wa
kuita astkart\.

—— v. chanja, piga chale, chora, toja.

Taught, p. t. 24 pf. t. ya Teach.

Taunt, n. suto | ma-], tayo (ma-],
shutumu |ma-|, tusi {ma-].

— v. tolea Taunt, sula, tusha, thi-
haki, cheka.

Taunting, a. -2 Taunt, n.

Tautological, a. -4 Tautology.

Tautology, n. ( kusema yale yale ts}.

Tavern, n. duka la mvinyo | pombe,
&c.], mkahawani.

Tawdry, a. -a kimalidadi, -a kujt-
shaua, -a fahari, si -zuri.

Tawny, a. |-a rangi ya manjano na
nyeusi kidogo, rangi ya simba |).

Taz, n. kodi, ushuru.

— v. toza kodi, lipiza ushuru;
(put strain on) kaza, tahidisha,
lemeza; (accuse) shktaki. Tax
strength (resources), za juhudi
(karama).

Taxable, a. -a kulipa kodi, -a kupa-
siwa ushuru.

Taxation, n. kutoza kodi, ushuru.
Heavy taxation, ushuru mwingi.
Taxidermy, n. (maarifa ya kutenge-
neza ngozi ya nyama ndege, &C.,

ziwe kama hali ya kuwa hayi).

Tea, n. chai; (evening meal) cha-
kula cha jioni. ‘Tea-caddy, £tsa-
nduku cha chai. 'Tea-set (service),
vyombo vya kunywea chai. Tea-
cloth, (kitambaa cha kupangusia
vikombe, &c.|. Tea-pot, dads |(ma-|J.
Tea-party, chakula cha jioni, jamii
ya wafu wakinywa chat pamoja.
Tea-spoon, mwiko (mi-|) mdogo,
kijiko (vi-) Give a tea-party,
Lalika watu kuja kula jioni).

Teach, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Taught),

It is tasteless,

THACHABLE

(knowledge) fundisha, funza, ele-
misha; (morals) ongoza, adtlisha ;
(manners) iia adabu, adtbhisha;
(generally) ongoza, lea, onya, z0eza,

Teachable, a. -cfest kujifunza, -le-
kevu, -sikilifu.

Teachableness, n. wepesi wa kuji-
funza, usikizi.

Teacher, n. mwalimu | wa-), mku-
funzi, mfundishi, fundi (ma-].

Teaching, n. mafundisho, elimu,
mathehebu,

Teak, n. 547.

Teal, n. (ndege kama bata ndogo}.

Team, n. | jamii ya frasi, ya ng ombe,
&c., wakifunganishwa na gari;
Got chaa? wamoja) kundi la watu wenyi

eza pamoja).

Tea-pot, n. du/s | ma-|).

Tear, n. chosi [ma-]; (rent) mpasuo,
miatuo |mt-). Shed tears, Burst
into tears, Zoka [toa] machozi.
Affect to tears, toa [toza] ma-
chozi. In tears, kwa machost, kwa
kulia,

v. (p.t. Tore, pf.t. Torn) Jasua,
rarua,tatua, papura; (move quick-
ly) enda kassi, enda mbio sana;
(divide) tenga, gawanya; (wrest)

a kwa nguvu, chukua kwa
jeuri; (hair) ng'oa. ‘lear away,
gandua; (neut.) puruka mbio.
‘Tear in ‘strips, chana. Tear in
pieces, nyambua. Teara piece off,
kwanua, nyakua. Tear off (skin,
&c.), ambua; (clothes) va upesi;
(boughs, £c. ,kwanua ; (run)ondoka
mbio. ‘Tear down,.angusha, bomo-
sha, angamiza. ‘Tear up, pasua,
ng'oa, angamiza.

Tearful, a. -enyi machozi, -a kutia.

Tearless, a. asipo machozi, -kavu.

Tease, v. chokoza, sumbua, tesa,
nyeta,

Teasel, n. (wa la kuchania na ku-
lainisha nguo|.

Teat, n. f8/2 [ma-], chuchu ya ziwa.

Technical, a, |-a fundi mwenyewe,
-a kazi fullani|).

Technicality, n. kuwa Technical;
kitu kilicho Technical,

411

TELLURION

Tedious, a. -kokotevu, -a kuchosha,
baridi, adufu.

Tedioueness, n. #kokofevu, &c.

Tedium, n. uchovu, baridi.

Teem, v. aa tele, zaa sana.

Teens, n. (amri wa katt ya miaka
kumi na asharins).

Teeth, pl. ya Tooth. Cast in one’s
teeth, shkutumia. Hold in the
teeth, vata. In the teeth of, kwa
kushindana na, ( = In spite ot).

Teetotaler,n. mtu wa Teetotalism.

Teetotalism, n. | kutokunywa vileo
vyote pia),

Telegram, n. abari kwa simu, simu.

Telegraph, n. simu.

v. peleka habari kwa simu,
piga simu.

Telegraphic, a. -a@ simu.

Telegraphist, n. mtu wa simu.

Telegraphy, n. maarifa ya simu.

Teleology,n. tusema, ‘Viumbevyote
vimefanyika makusudi, zt kwa ba-
hati, si kwa kukua tu’).

Telephone, n. [stimu ya kusikiza
sautt mbalti|.

Telescope, n. darubini, mwanzi
wa kutazamia.

—— v. | vunjika kwa kuingizana|.

Telescopic, a. -a darubint,-a kufa, .
zama mbali, -a kuoneka na daru-
bini.

Tell, v. (p.t. ma pf.t. Told) nena;
(relate ) simulia, hubiri, toa ha-
bari, ambia; (count) Aesabu;
(make known) e/esa, tangaza, hu-
biri; (discover) fahamu, ona;
(have effect) -wa na nguvu [na
nja), endeleza kazi. Tell of, Tell
tales, chongea, kashtfu. Tell on,
chosha, legeza, vuta, geusa. I tell
you, it is so, ndio ali.

Teller, n. mnenaji, msimulizi [wa-) ;
(counter) mwenyi kuhesabu.

Telling, a. -a nguvu, -enyt njia, -a
kuchoma moyo.

Tell-tale,n. maukiss | wa-),mchonge-
si, mkashifu.

Tellurion, n. (kifu cha kuthihirisha
mwendo wa dunia tsungukavyo,
na mapinduzi yake),

TEMERITY

Temerity, n. #jasiri mwingi, ukavu
wa macho, kulojihathari, kuji-
tupa.

Temper, v. changanya, geuza, tuliza,
lainisha; (metal) tia matiko,chovya;
(clay) kanda, finyanga.

—— n. (disposition) Zabia, hati,
moyo; (good temper) upele, kiasi;
(bad temper) chuki, hasira; (of
metals) ugumu, mattko. Be out
of temper, Be in a temper, -wa ua
hasira |chuki|. Keep one’s tem-
per, tulia, jiweza, jizuta. Lose
one's temper, 2#ngiwa Ma hasira.
Be in a good temper, kunjuka,
changamuka.

Temperament, n. tabia, moyo, hati.

Temperance, n. 4tasa, kadiri, kuji-
weza.

Temperate, a. -a kiasi, &e. (Taz.
Temperance). ‘Temperate Zone,
(sehemu ya dunia pasito jua kali
wala baridi kali).

Temperature, n. | kadiri ao hali ya
kuwa moto ao baridi |, moto. High
temperature, joto, hari. Low
temperature, baridi.

Tempest, n. ‘ufant, thdruba, pepo
nyingi, kimbunga.

Tempestuous, a. -a tufani, -a thd-
ruba; (sea) -enyt kuchafuka sana ;
(debate, &c.)-a ugomvi mwingt,-a
kubishana.

Temple, n. #ekalu |ma-), kanisa
(ma-); (Mahommedan) moskiti;
(forehead) kipaji cha uso.

Temporal, a. -4 maisha [s¢ -a mi-
lele), -a kupita, -a dunia hit;
(power, &c.) (Awa mambo ya dunia
htt, si ya Muungu |.

Temporality, n. malt ya Kanisa,
mali zilizo wakifu.

Temporally, adv. kwa wakali, kwa
kitambo, kwa muhulla.

Temporary, a. -a wakati, -a kitambo
(st -a siku zote|.

Temporize, v. geukageuka.

Tempt, v. (test) jaribu, jaribia ;
(mislead, seduce) vuta kwa mabaya,
tongoza, shawishi.

Temptation, n. (trial) jaribu [ma-];

412

THENON

(enticement) kishawashi, ushauski,
mvuto | kwa mabaya |.

Tempter, n. mwenyi kuvula | kwa
mabaya, kwa kukosesha), The
tempter, shefant.

Tempting, a. -a kuvuta, -a kutama-
niska.

Ten, n. 2a a. kumi [ma-]; (decade)
mwongo [mz-|. The upper ten,
wafu wakubwa. ‘Ten to one, kumi
hatta moja.

Tenable, a. -a kushikika, -a kuli-
ndika, -@ kuthubutrka, -a nguvu.
Tenacious, a. -a kushika, -a kunata;

(obstinate) -shupavu, -gumu.

Tenacity, n. nguvu ya kushika | ya
kunata); ushupafu, ugumu.

Tenancy, n. kuwa Tenant, halt ya
Tenant.

Tenant, n. mwenyi kupanga | nyumba

''ao shamba), mpangaji | wa-|.

Tenantry, n. jamzt ya Tenants.

Tend, v. clekea, taka kwenda, vutwa,
emda; (be of use) sayzata, faa;
(take care of) kunza, linda, chu-
uga.

Tendency, n. maclekezo, kutaka
kwenda, utashi; (movement, at-
traction) mwendo, mvuto.

Tender, a. (soft, delicate) -ororo,
-embamba; (weak, fragile) thaz/u,
-epest kuvunjika; (sensitive) -epess
kuumia, -a kuuma; (soft-hearted,
gentle) -a huruma, -ema, -pole, -a
upendo Of tender age, changa,
-tota,

—— v. toa, taka kupa, tolea.

—— n. kutea, toleo | ma-\, malipizi ;
[ gar? ao jahazi ya kuchukua vifaa,
chakula, kuni, makaa, riztkt, 8c.,
gari mloto, jahazi mloto|.

Tender-hearted, a. -2 huruma, -a
upendo.

Tenderness, n. £uwa Tender.

ee. n. ukano (m-), mshipa
mi-).

Tendril, n. kono [kono], kikonyo.

Tenement, n. nyumba, makao.

Tenet, n. mathehebu, mafundisho.

Tennis, n. | mcheso wa tufe na vibas).

Tenon, n. ulimi (wa ubau|.

TENOR 418

“Tenor, n. (meaning) maana ; (course,
tendency) mwendo, maelekeo; (in
music) (sauti nyembamba ya mtu
mzima|.

Tense, n. (in grammar) (namna ya
Verb yenyi kuonya wakati wa
tendo ao wa halt |.

a. -a@ mkazo, -a kunyoshwa
sana.

Tensile, a. -a kufanaka.

Tension, n. unyosha, kutanuka,
mkazo, mouto.

Tent, n. hema. Strike a tent, ng'oa
(ondoa) hema. Pitch a tent, szmz-
kisha | piga) hema.

Toe n. mkono [mtt-|, kikomo
vi-).

Tentative, a. -a kujaribia, si halisi,
majaribu.

Tenth, a. -a kumi,

Tenuity, n. wembamba.

Tenure, n. kumiliki, kuwa bwana,
wenyeji.

Tepid, a. -4 uvuguvugu.

Tepidity, n. uvuguvugu.

Teraphim, n. |sanama za miungu
zilizowekwa nyumbani kiyahudi).

Terce, n. (saa a fatu na sala
zake).

Tercentenary, n. | mwaka wa thela-
tha mia, na siku kuu yake).

Tergiversation, n. sugeukageuka,
kuwa na hila nyingi, werevu.

Term, n. (limit, end) mpaka, kikomo,
kipeo, mwisho ; (period) muda, mu-
hulla, majira; (in schools) [muda
wa waanafunzi kukaa chuoni);
(word) meno [ma-]; (condition)
sharti [ma-]. Be on good terms,
-wa na urafiki, patana, chukuana.
Make terms, Come to terms, Zafana.
Bring to terms, fafantsha. In
terms, thahirz, hadisi.

v. Zaja, ita.

Termagant, n. (mwanamke mbaya
wa jeuri na makelele, mkorofi |.
Terminable, a. -enyi mwisho, -a ku-

tiwa mwisho, -a kukomeka.

Terminal, a. -4 nchani, -a mwt-

- shoni ; -a killa Term (period).

Terminate, v. (stop) suza, komesha,

TESTAMENT

kata; (come to an end) isha, -wa
na mwisho | mpaka).

Termination, n. kikomo, mwisho,
mpaka, kipeo, ncha ; (end of word)
[Syllable ya mwisho ya neno|.

Terminology,n. (majina na maneno
yatumikayo kwa mambo ya kazi
fullani ao ya elimu fullani ; maa-
rifa ya kutaja majina).

Terminus, n. | kikomo cha njia ya
magari ya moshi, kituo).

Termite, n. mchwa.

Ternary, a. fafutfatu, -a tatutatu.

Terrace, n. | palipoinuka kama njia,
baraza, daraja, boma, ya mawe ao
udongo ao uashi), sakafu, sébule,
baraza.

Terra-cotta, n. (udongo mzuri wa
ufinyanzi).

Terra firma, n. #nchi kavu.

Terrestrial, a. -2 dunia, -a mfano
wa dunia,

Terrible, a. -a kuogofya, -a hofu, -a
katisha.

Terribleness, n. kuwa Terrible.

Terrier, n. (mbwa ndogo ya kuwinda
panya|.

Terrific, a. = Terrible.

Terrify, v. ogofya, hofisha, tisha.

Territorial, a. -a arthi, -a inchi
Juliani.

Territory, n. artht, inchi, jimbo.

Terse, a. /aini; (language) kiasi,
-2urt, fasihi,

Terseness, n. kuwa Terse.

Tertian, a. -a killa siku yatatu.

Tertiary, a. [-2 namna ao daraja ya
tatu).

Tesselated, a. -a vijiwe | vidogo vya
mrabba vyenyi rangi).

Test, v. jaribu, jaribia, angalia,
chungulia, hakikia, onja.

n. jaribu [ma-|, maonji ;
(standard) kanuni ; (proof) mathu-
butu; (criterion) Zofauli, alama,
dalili.

Testament, n. hati ya kurithisha
mali, hati ya wosia, wosia. Old
Testament, Zorati, (maandiko ya
Agano la kale). New Testament,
anjili,| maandiko ya Agano Jipya|.

TESTAMENTARY 414

Testamentary, a. -a wosia.

Testator, n. mwenyi kuandika wo-
$12, mwosia.

Testicle, n. pumbu [ma-], koko ya
[ yayt la) pumbu.

Testify, v. shuhudia, sema kwa kiapo,
toa mathubutu.

Testily, adv. vikali,

Testimonial, n. [Aati ao zawadi ya
kusifu, ya kushuhudia kazi njema,
ya kuonya ahsante), barua ya sifa,
barua.

Testimony, n. ushahidi, ushuhudu,
maneno ya kuhakikisha, mathu-
butu.

Testy, a. -kalt.

Téte-a-tdte, n. (maongezi ya siri ya
wate wawili tu).

Tether, v. fungasa (nyama) kwa
kamba.

——n.kamba ya kufungasia | nyama |).

Tetragon,n. (sanamu ya pembe 'nne
kama mrabba, &c.),

Tetragonal, a. -exyi pembe "nne.

Tetrarch, n. | jumbe mdogo zamani
za Warumi).

Teutonic, a. -2 Madachi wa kale,
ea asili ya Madachi.

Text, n. maneno yenyewe | ya andiko
lo lote); (verse) (fungu dogo la
maneno ya Bible| aya; (subject)
jambo, neno, jawabu. .

Text-book, n. | kifabu cha mafundi-
sho ya kwanza|.

Tezt-hand,n. | mwandiko wa harufu
kubwa)|.

Textile, a.-a kusokokwa,-a kufumwa,
“a Uzi.

Textual, a.-a Text. Textual criti-
cisms, | kuchungulia maneno yenye-
we yalivyopata kuandikwa hivi ao
hivi, st maana yao).

Texture, n. (namna ya kusokotwa ao
kufumwa, ginsi ya kufanyiswa),
asili, matengeneo, umbo.

Than, conj. kuliko, mbele ya, wala si,
kama.

Thane, n. sicki [wa Ingereza sa-
mani).

Thank, v. shukuru, tolea aisante,
itika marahaba; (feel grateful)

THEATRE
ona shukrani, -wa na shukrani
moyoni. Thank you! ahsante!

marahaba! 1 will thank you to,
ufafathali, Thanks to the rain,
kwa sababu kukanya mvua.

Thankful, a. -enyt shukrani, -a ku-
shukuru.

Thankless, a. Pasipo shukrani;
(fruitless) pastpo fayida, -a burre.
Thank-offering, n.sadaka ya kushu-

kuru.

Thanks, n. shukuru, ahsante, mara-
haba.

Thanksgiving, n. kushukuru, siku
kuu ya kushukura,shukuru | ma-).

Thankworthy, a. -2 kushukuru, -a
kustahili shukrani.

That, a. #a pron. yule (ule, ile, Sc. ),
huyo (huo, hiyo, &c.|; (relative) -0
[-ye, -yo, -vyo, &c.). That That
that I wrote, s/e That #sleyoiands-
ka.

conj. kama, ya kwamba, ya ku-
wa, kwa sababu, kwa kusudi, illi.
That, So that (purpose). In order
that, To the end that, 22/7, maku.
sudi, kwa ginsi | pamoja na Sub-
junctive Mood). Oh that, Would
that, /az#z. So that, So... that
(result), atta, kwa ginsi. All that,
All that sort of thing, mambo kama
haya. For that, In that, kwa
kuwa. That is to say, ndio maana
yake, yaani. .

Thatch, v. czeka, vimba (nyumba
kwa makuti, &c.).

—— n. (cocoa-nut leaves) makuti;
(grass) majani. Put on thatch,
ezeka. Strip off thatch, ezwa.

Thatched, a, -a ti (majani)
Juu.

Thaw, n. kuyeyuka theluji, majira
ya kuyeyuka theluji.

The,a. (particular) yu/e [s/e, ele, Grc.;
wale, tle, Src. ) ; (generic) kits kile,
enyewe. The lion killed him, yale
simba akamua, The lion is a
fierce animal, £2/u kile ssmba (simba
mwenyewe | ni nyama mkali.

Theatre, n. | jumba la matamasha, ao
la kuchezea vinyago ao Drama,

THEATRICAL

lenyi viti vingi kama madaraja
Juu kwa juu), kilinge, teatro (Ar.).

Theatrical, a. -a Theatre, -a
Drama, -a kucheza, -a kujifanya,
_-@ fahari.

Thee, pron. wewe, = You.

Theft, n. (thieving) «tz, wibaji,

tba.

Their, Theirs, a. -ao [wao, yao, &c.}.

Theism, n. (kumwamini Muungu
mmoja |.

Theist, n. mfu wa Theism.

Theistic, a. -¢ Theist, -2 Theism.

Them, pron. wao, hao, wale | yale,
hayo, &c.|; (in comp.) -wa- [--,
-ya-, &c. |.

Theme, n. | yambo ao kitu cha kufiki-
vika, ao kuandikiwa habari ao
kubtshaniwa maneno), jambo,
neno.

Themselves, pron. -enyewe | zenye-
we, &c.|, #afst; (reflexive) -7#-.

hey hurt themselves, walijiumiza.
hey went themselves, walikwe-
nda wenyewe.

Then, adv. (time) siku th, wakati
ule, zamani zile, pale, ndipo, hapo;
(next, after) baadaye. halafu, tena;
(cause) bassi, kwa hiyo. kwa saba-
bu hit; (eondition) kiwa hivt,
ingawa hit. Now and then, fa-
ngine, marra kwa marra. Then
and there, falepale. Till then,
hatta (mpaka) wakati fullani.

Thence, adv. Zoka huko, huko.

'Phenceforth, Thenceforward, adv.
toka huko, tokea hapo.

Theocracy, n. (kufawala Muungu
peke yake ; watu wasio na mfalme
mwingine illa Muungu |.

Theocratic, a. -2 Theocracy.

Theodolite, n. | kipande cha kupimia
urefu wa kwenda juu ao kwenda
mbali|.

Theogony, n. (vizazi vya miungu|.

Theologian, n. mwalimu wa Theo-
logy.

Theological, a. -4 Theology, -a
Theologian.

415

THESAURUS

Theology, n. elimu ya Muungu na
ya dini,

Theophany, n.' Zokto la Muungu
wastwast, kuonekana Muungu.
Theorem, n. (neno litakalo kuthubu-
tika, ao liwezalo kuhakikishwa).

Theoretic, a. -4 Theory.

Theorist, n. [mtu hodari kwa
Theory, mtu wa elimu tupu si
miu wa amali), mtu wa mashauri
mengi.

Theorize, v. [¢oa Theories nyingi,
eleza kwa akili billa amali), baka-
tisha,

Theory, n. maelezo [mafafanust]} ya
aktls, shauri la akili billa amali,
elimu tupu; (guesswork) ha-
bart ya bahati, kubahatisha, nia,
shauri.

Theosophy, n. | kufahamu siri za
asili ya Muungu kwa akili pasipo
kufunuliwa).

Therapeutic, a. -a kuponya.

Therapeutics, n. maarifa ya kupo-
nya ugonjwa, utabibu,

There, adv. (local) pale, kapo, kule,
kuko, mle, humo; (in comp.) pa-,
ku-, m-. -po, -ko, -mo; (general)
katika haya, kwa htyo. There
was aman, palzkuwana mtu. He
was there, alikuwako. It was
there I saw him, ndiko niliko-
mwona. There! Zazama! Ahh!
Thereabouts, karibu, kama hivi.
Thereafter, baadaye, halafu.
Thereat, pale, kwa hiyo. Thereby,
kwa hiyo, kwa sababu hit, There-
fore, kwa sababu hit, kwa nii.
Therefrom, kufoka huko, katika
hit, humo. Therein, katika hii,
humo, Thereof, -a htt, -a hiyo.
Thereon, Thereupon, kwa sababu
hii, kwa hiyo, pale, marra. There-
to, kwa hii, kwa hiyo. There-
with, kwa het, na hit.

Thermal, a, -a moto.

Thermometer, n. | kipande cha kupi-
mia moto na baridi, cha kuonya
homa).

Theologize, v. (bahatisha kwa ma-|Thesaurus, n. hasina, kusanyiko;

mbo ya Muungu ao ya dini|.

(dictionary) kamusi.

THESE

These, a. na pron. pl. ya This,
(kawa, haya, hit, &c.).

Thesis, n. [jambo la kuandikiwa
habari, jambo la kubishaniwa
maneno).

Thews, n. kano, maungo.

They, pron. wao, (wale, tle, zile, &c.];
(in verbs) wa-, [2-, st-, ya-, &c.].

Thick, a, -nene, -ztto; (crowded) -a
Rkusongana, -ingi pamoja; (cloth)
-nene, maradufu ; (sound) si wazi.
Through thick and thin, kwa heri
kwa shari, kwa vyo vyote, kwa
killa hali. Thick with, (abound-
ing in) -e#y2t.. . -ingt, -enyi kujaa;
(friendly with) -eny? urafiki na.
In the thickof it, kafinakati.

‘Thicken, v. fanya ([(kufanyika|
Thick, gandamiza, songanisha, zi-
disha, (neut.) stat, gandamana.,
The plot thickens, mambo yaende-
lea | yaiva, yasitaw? |.

Thicket, n. kichaka|vi-), koko [ma-].

Thick-headed, a. -ztto wa akili,
-pumbafu, |

Thickness, n. unene, kuwa Thick,
maki. Through thick and thin,
kwa vyo vyote, kwa killa hati.

Thick-set, a. -nene, -enyi maungo.

Thief, n. (pl. Thieves) mwivi,
mwizi, mwibaji [wa-].

Thieve, v. 20a.

Thievish, a. (person) kijivi, -ibaji,

Thigh, n. upaja | paja), paja [ma-].

Thimble, n. subana.

Thin, a. -embamba,-dogo; (emaciated)
-gofu, -hokonda; (poor, weak
hafifu, thatfu; (deficient) vhache,
si -ingt; (liquid) majimaji, -to-
chujuka.

v. fanya [fanyika| Thin, pu-
ngusa, (neut.) punguka.

Thine, a. -ako, = Yours.

Thing, n. kifu [vt-],jambo eaten
neno| ma-|,dude(ma-),kidude(vi-|,
Poor thing, (person) mtu masikini,
mnyonge. ‘Things, vyombo, mali,
takataka, nguo. Be the thing,
Jaa, -wa -zima, -wa halisi (sawa).

Think, v. (p.t.#a pf.t. Thought), (re-
flect) fkirs, waza, kumbuka ; (sup-

416

THOROUGHNESS

pose) Zani, ona ; (purpose) azému,
nia. Think better of, geuka shauri.
Think well of, onea mema, penda,
sifu, Think much of, kumbuka
sana, angalia, jali, Think little
of, tharau, si angalia, I think so,
naona.

Thinker, n. miu wa kufikiri [wa
Jikara nyingi, wa akili|.

Thinking, n. kufikiri, fikara, ma-
Wazo.

— a. -a kufikiri.

Third, n. na a.theluth, fungu la tate,
-@ tatu,

Thirdly, adv. ya tatu.

Thirst, n. 222.

v. ona ktu, -wana kiu.

Thirsty, a. -enyz kiu; (dry) -kavu.
I am thirsty, nina kiu.

Thirteen,n. na a. thelatashara,kumi
na tatu.

Thirteenth, a. -a kumi na tatu.

Thirtieth, a. -a thelathini.

Thirty, n. na a. thelathing.

This, a. huyu (huu, hit, Sc).

Thistle, n. (gugu la Ulaya lenyi
miiba), mbarutt.

Thither, adv. kuko.

Thong, n. ukanda.

Thorax, n. kifua, kidari.

Thorn, n. mwiba ([mzi-]; (thorny
shrub) mchongoma[mzi-), mkwamba
[~é-]. Be on thorns, sumbuka
mno, fathaika sana, hangaika.

Thorny, a. -exyé miiba; (difficult)
-2 taabu, -a mashaka.

) | Thorough, a. kamili, -kamilifu, -si-

ma, -a kweli, halisi.

Thorough-bass, n. (kanuni ya ku-
linganisha sauté ngomani).

Thoroughbred, a. -4 mbegu njema,
-a asili bora.

Thoroughfare, n. (njia wasi kwa
watu wote, njia ya kupitika sana),
njia kuu.

Thoroughgoing, a. -4 kwelikweli,
haswa halisi, hodari, -nyofu.

Thoroughly, adv. kabisa, kwa bidi;
sana, kamili, kweli kweli, tikitiki.

Thoroughness, n. ukamilifu, bidii
nyingi, uhalisi.

THOROUGH-PACED 417

Thorough-paced, a. kalist, -a kweli,
kamili,

Those, pl. ya This, (wao, wale, ile,

sile, Sc. J. SA

Thou, pron. = You, wewe.

Though, conj. zagawa, ikiwa, ijapo,
kwamba. As though, kama.
Even though, katia ingawa,

— adv. lakini, bassi.

Thought, n. wazo | ma-|, nia, fikara,
thana; (caution) kathari, tunsa,
uangalifu; (anxiety) mashaka, shu-
ghuli. Take thought for, angalia,
tunza, tasamia, kumbuka, jisu-
mbulia.

— p.t. na pf. t. ya Think,

Thoughtful, a. -a kufikiri, -a ma-
wazo, -4 hathart, -angalifu.

Thoughtless, a. sz -angalifu, -a ha-
raka, -pumbafu, -epest, -jasirt.

Thousand, n. za a.e/fu. A thousand
(in poetry), kikwi [vekwi, zikwi ).
A hundred thousand, /Zakki. Two
thousand, edfeen.

Thousandth, a. -a elfu.

Thrall, n. mtumwa, utumwa,

Thralidom, n. ufunrwa,

Thrash, v. (grain) pura, piga; (by
rubbing) fikicha ; (beat) pigupiga
sana, shinda.

Thrashing, n. kupura, kupiga, mapi-
go mengi; (defeat) ushinde (Taz.
Thrash).

Thrashing-floor, n. sakafu | ya ku-
puria nafaka).

Thread, n. usi (nyuzi|, kifani;
(course) mwendo, njia, kufululiza.
Take up the thread of, madia.
Hang by a thread, -wa katika ha-
tari kubwa.

v. tunga uzi |katika tundu la
sindano), tungia; (pass through)
pita, penya. The needle is thread-
ed, u2t umetungia sindano,

Threadbare, a. -kukuu,-bovu; (un-
interesting) baridi.

Thready, a. kama uzi.

Threat, n. kamio [ma-], ogofya
[ma-], tisho [ma-], neno la kutia
ho

Threaten, v. kamtia, ogofya, tisha,

THRONG

tia hofu; (indicate) onya, julisha,
loa ishara ya; (impend) Zaka kuja,
taka kuumiza | kuleta hasara), -wa
karibu kuja, karibia. Be threat-
ened with, ova karibu, -wa karibu
kupatwa na, -wa na hofu ya,

Three, a. 7a n. tatu, -tatz.

Threefold, a. -2 marra tatu.

Threescore, n. na a. settint.

Thresh, Threshing, Threshing-
floor, = Thrash, &c.

Threshold, n. kizingiti (cha chini |;
(opening, beginning) mwanzo.
Cross the threshold, ingia nyu-
moans.

Threw, p. t. ya Throw.

Thrice, adv. mara tatu.

Thrift, Thriftiness, n. 2iast cha
kutumta fetha, kusimamia vizuri,
kufanikiwa, upasi, ukabithi.

Thriftless, a. -potevu -a mali, -ji-
nga, -a kuponda malt.

Thrifty, a. -2 kiasi, -a kusimamia
vizuri, -past, -angalisi| kwa mambo
ya malt), -kabithi.

Thrill, v. tetemesha, (neut.) tetena,

tia (itwa) furaha [hofu, maumi-.

vu, &c.]; (affect, shock) choma,
penya, stusha, stuka.

— n. kifuko, kitetemo, kitapo, ki-
pindi, kishindo.

Thrilling, a. -a kustusha, -a kute-
temesha.

Thrive, v. (p. t. Throve, pf. t.
Thriven), (prosper) pata maiz, fa-
nikiwa ; (plants, &c.) sifawrt, kuza.

Thriving, a. -past, -kuza, -enyi hali
njema, -a kufanikiwa.

Throat, n. £00 | ma-), umio, roho.

Throb, v. puma, pigapiga, papa, te-
t

ema.

— n. figo [ma-], tetemo (ma-].

Throbbing, n. mpumo, kupapa, ku-
pigapiga, tetemo.

a. -2 kutetema, Sc.

Throe, n. maumivu makuu, juhudi;
(of birth) stungu wa kuzaa.

Throne, n. kili cha enst, kiti kikuu,
kiti cha fahari.

Throng,n. walu wengi wakisongana,
ghasia ya watu, makutano, wingi.

Ee

THRONG

Throng, v. songa, sumbua [kwa ku-
songa |), (neut.) songana, jaa tele.
Throstle, n. (ndege wa Ulaya mwe-
nyt kuimba vizuri).

Throttle, v. songa roho, kaba.

Through, prep. kwa, kafika;
(throughout, from end to end of)
oka upande huu haita upande wa
pili wa, pote katika, langu mwanzo
hatta mwisho wa); (within) ndani
ya, kati ya; (because of, by means
of) kwa sababu ya, kwa njia ya, kwa
kutumia, kwa mkono wa.

adv, hatta mwisho, hatta upande
wa pilt, katikati. Go through
with, maliza. Pass through (to
other side), tumbusza, penya. Fall
through, zsha, -fa. Through
(ticket, train, &c.), -a kwenda njia
yote, -a safari nzima. Through and
through, fore, sana, kabisa,

Throughout, prep. potepote katika.
— adv. potepote, pia, kabisa.

Throve, p. t. ya Thrive.

Throw, v. (p. t. Threw, pf. t.
Thrown) Zupa, rusha, pisha, pe-
leha, piga; (arider) angusha, rusha;
(stone) vurumtsha. ‘Throw about,
tapanya. Throw away,tupa, kataza,
potesa, tumia burre, fuja. Throw
back, rejeza, rudisha; (reject) kata-
za; (check progress) fofeza kazi, sa-
haulishamafundisho, Throw down,
angusha, angua; (a load) bwaga ;
(into hole, water, &c.) tumbukiza ;
(break® destroy) vunja, bomosha,
haribu. Throw in, ongeza, tia
burre, toa marra kwa marra.
Throw off, ondoa, jiondolea, tupa,
acha; (a load) dwaga; (illness)
pona katika. Throw oneself on,
jitoa kwa, kimbilia, tegemea.
Throw out, Zoa; (reject) kataa:
(confuse) fathatsha; (construct)
fanyiza. Throw over, tupa, acha,
tenga. Throw up, (resign) jiuzu-
lu; (vomit) fapika; (construct)
Janyiza upesi.

n. pigo (ma- |); (range) mtupo.

Thrusb, n. (ndege wa Ulaya mwenyi
kuimba vizuri).

418

TICELING

Thrust, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Thrust)
toa kwa nguvu, sukuma, jomgeza,
songa, sogeza, kumba. Thrust in,
penyesa, ingiza. Thrust out, fu-
kuza, ondoa, toa,

n. pigo (ma-), kumbo (ma-],
chomo | ma-|.

Thumb, n. kidole cha gumba. Under
the thumb of, chini yA, katika utu-
mwa wa.

— v. karibu kwa kugusagusa.

Thunder, n. (clap) radt, mshindo
wa ngurumo; (distant) ngurumo;
(menaces) maogofya.

— v. piga ngurumo. Itthundered
yesterday, jana kulipiga ngurumo.

Thunderbolt, n. (jiwe ltokalo juu
pamoja na radi).

Thunderstorm, n, mvua na nguru
mo, mvua ya radi,

Thunderstruck, a. -enyi bumbuazi,
enyi mshangao | fathaa, kustu-
shwa).

Thurible, n. chetezo [vy-].

Thurifer, n. mchukua chelezo,

Thursday, n. A/hamisi.

Thus, adv. hiv, hivyo, vivi hivi,
ndivyo.

Thwack, n. figo la nguvu.

Thwart, v. suia, pinga, hafifu, pt-
ngia njia, kingamisha, kingamtia,
batilisha, angamiza.

—— n. Zaruma | ma- |.

Thy,a. = Your, -ako.

Thyself, pron. (= Yourself) wewe
mwenyewe, nafsi yako; (in comp.)
~jt-.

Tiara, n. kofia ya enzi, kilemba cha
fahari.

Tibia, n. muundi wa mguu.

Tic doloreux, n. (maumivu ya uso],

Tick, n. (insect) kupe; (in houses)
papast; (cover) nguo ya godoro;
(sound) | pego la saa, ta-ta-ta|.

—— v. figa ta-ta-la | kama saa|.

Ticket,n. kibarua | vt-), kipande[vi-).

Ticking, n. = Tiok (cover).

Tickle, v. ‘ekenya, nyea; (amuse)
chekesha, furahisha.

Tickling, n. mnyco, kinyefu, kulee
kenya

TICKLISH

Ticklish, a. (quarrelsome). -epesi, -a
chuki; (difficult) -a hatari, -@ ma-
shaka,

Tidal, a. -2 Tide, fenyi Tide, n,

Tide, n. maji kujaa na kupwa;
(course) mwendo, mkondo. . Spring
tides, damvua, maji makuu, Neap
tides, maji mafu.

v. Tide over a difficulty, s#o-
nya kattka shidda. —.

Tideless, a. pasi~o Tide, n.

Tide-table, n. [hesabu ya saa ya ku-
jaa na kupwa maji).

Tide-waiter, n. karani [mwenyt kazi
ya kungojea merikebu zijapo pote
bandarini).

Tideway, n. (mwendo wa Tide, pa-
pitapo Tide}.

Tidiness, n. kutengencka, utaratibu,

Tidings, n. kabari, taarifu.

Tidy, a. -lotengenea, taratibu, swaft,
zuri.

safidi.

Tie, v. funga [kwa kamba, kitani,
uzi, Stc. |, piga fundo; (join) unga-
nisha, fungasa; (obstruct) funga,
zuta ; (ina faggot) ifa; (in racing)
-wa sawa sawa.

n. kifungo, kiungo, fundo;
(necktie) kitambaa cha | tepe ya)
shingoni.

Tier, n. fabaka | ma- |, safu, daraja.

Tiffin, n. chakula cha mchana.

Tiger, n. chui | kubwa la kihindi),

Tight, a. -a kukaza, -kazo; (close)
-stovuja maji, -stopisha hewa;
(stretched) -/onyoshwa sana, -lio-
kazana; (of money) ghalz. Be tight,
thizki, kaza.

Tighten, v. kaza, (neut.) kazana,
kazika.

Tigress, n. Tiger jike.

Tile, n. (Zofali pana jembamba la
kufunikia nyumba juu |).

—— Vv. fia Tile, funika nyumba kwa
Tiles.

Tiling, n. jamzi ya Tiles.

Till, n. kikasha | cha ndani ya meza),
mtoto wa meza, mtoto wa kasha.

— v. Zima.

419

v. tengeneza, weka sawa, takasa, |.

TIME

Till, conj. hatia, mpaka.

Tillage, n. kilimo.

Tiller, n. kana, gana; (cultivator)
mkulima [wa-}|. Tiller rope, mji-
ari [mi-), ujari.

Tilt, v. | pigana kwa frasi na mikuke|);
(raise,puton edge or side) zwamisha,
kusha upande, (neut.) inama, jituka,

n. mainamizi,kujifuka. ~

Timber, n. tft, mbau.

a. -a mitt, -a mbau.

Timbrel, n. k:g0ma, tari.

Time, n. wakati, majira ; (duration)
maisha; . (opportunity) mafasi ;
(period, space of) muda, muhulla,
kipindi, (short) kifambo; (leisure)
Jaragha; (hour) saa; (life) mai-
sha; (time of life, age) umri;
(moment, chance) saa, First
(second, &c.) time, marra ya kwa-
nza | ya pili, &c.]. Time out of
mind, ‘angu zamani sana. Times
(ages), zamani. Times past, zama-
ni za kale. Present time, zamani
hist, siku hizi. (In arithmetic)
three times two, mbili fi tatu. In
time, halafu. Be in time, wah,
diriki. Be in time! usichelewe !
What is the time? saangapi? At
times, pana siku, pangine. Atthe
times of, mwenyi. Forsome time,
tangu hapo. For the time being, '
kwa muda kitambo, kwa wakati.
From time immemorial, fangu za-
mani sa kwanza. From time to
time, pangine, marra kwa marra.
In no time, marra moja. Keep
time, enda sawa, piga sawasawa,
Mark time, (military) (simama na
kukanyagisha igen (pause) mgo-
ja. Once upon a time, tapo kale.
Run against time, (shindana peke
yake, awezavyo upesi). Sometime -
ago, hafo kale. Take time, Zaka
(chukua |) wakati, It takes time, s¢
jambo la marra moja. Take your
time, sz fanya haraka.

——- v. (settle time of) chagua vema
Saaya,amurusaaya; (observetime
of) angaliawakati wa. Well timed,
-a wakali uliofaa, heri, -a bahati,

Ee2

TIME-HONOURED

Time-honoured, a. -eny? sifa kwa
kukaa sana, -enyi aushi ya heshima.

Timekeeper, n. mwenyi kuangalia
[Auamuru,kuandika)wakati | muda
wa kazi, saa, &c.|; (clock) saa.

Timely, a. -4 wakati wa kufaa, -a
kuja sawa, -a kufaa, -lipofaa,

Timepiece, n. saa (clock).

Time-server, n. mgeush?.

Time-table, n. hesabu ya saa.

Time-worn, a. -hakuu, -liochakaa.

Timid, a. -oga, -epest kustushwa,
enyi haya.

Timidity, n. woga, haya.

Timorous, a. -oga.

Tin, n. datz, Atin, Tin vessel, kopo,
kikopo, mkebe (mei-].

— v. tia bati,

a. -a batt,

Tincture, n. (maji ao mvinyo ulio-
chovyeka dawa\; (small quantity)
kivuli, kidogo.

—— v. tia rangi; (mix) changanya ;
(change) geuza.

Tinder, n. (wétu vikavu vya hucho-
chea moto).

Tinfoil, n. | karafasi ya batt).

Tinge, n. (colour) rangi; (small
quantity) kivuli, kidogo.

—— v. fsa rangt, geuza kidogo.

Tingle, v. ona kinyefu.

Tingling, n. mnyeo.

Tinker, n. mfua bati.

Tinkle, n. mlio wa kengele ndogo,
mlio wa njuga.

—— v. ia | kama kengele ndogo|.

Tinsel, n. zarz, nguo ya kumetameta.

-a Tinsel; (showy) -a
urembo ; (unreal) -a ovyo,

Tint, n. rangi.

—- v, ta rangi.

Tiny, a. kadogo, -dogo mno.

Tip, n. (end) ncha, ktlele (vt-], ki-
pande cha nchani; (present) ba-
kshishi, zawadi, ada,

v. tia nchani; (set on side)
inamisha |inama| upande mmoja,
weka upande |mshethali), tusha
kidogo. ‘Tip over, pindua, pindu-
kiza.

Tippet, n. (vazi Ja begant).

aa a.

420

TOAD

Tipple, v. /ewa.

Tipsy, a. -/evz. Get tipsy, sz/evya.

Tiptoe, n. (kwa ncha za vidole vya
miguu |), mzofafa. Stand on tiptoe,
chuchumia. Be on tiptoe (of ex-
pectation), kodolea, tazamia kwa
Juhudi sana.

Tip-top, n. upco, ukomo, ncha, kilele.

bora.

Tirade, n. maneno mengi ya juhudi,
kupiga domo.

Tire, n. pete (la chuma, la nje ya
gurudumu).

—- v. chosha, legesa,

Tired, a. -chovu, -legeva.

Tiresome, a. -a kuchosha, -a husu-
mbua, -tirirt, -tukutu,

Tissue, n. (nguo nyembamba sana ya
hariri, nguo ya zari, kasabu |; (col-
lection, series) jamii, mafuatano;
(substance) kifu, nyama, mwili.
A tissue of lies, uwongowongo
mtupu.

Tissue-paper, n. |karafasi nyemba-
mba sana |).

Titanic, a. -kubwa mno.

Tithe, n. zaka, sehemu ya kumi;
(ecclesiastical) 4odt ya Kanisa.
Title, n. (address) aszwanz; (name)

jinala heshima; (claim ,right) #aki.

Titled, a. -enyz jina la heshima.

Title-deed, n. | saf? ya kuthuletisha
wenyeji |.

Title-page, n. (ukarasa wa kwanza
wa kitabu, wenyi anwani).

Titmouse, n. (ndege ndogo sana}.

Titter, v. jichekea, Janya kicheko.

——n. kicheko |v:-|.

Tittle-tattle, n. vijzneno, maongest.

Titular, a. kwa jina tu.

To, prep. 2a conj. kwa, katika, -ni,
hatta ; (of purpose) #//#, [ae Sub-
junct. Mood}; (in verbs) -sa, <a;
(infin.) ku-. A place to fly to, ma-
hali pa kukimbilia. To love, ku-
penda. To a man, -ole fia. To
and fro, kuko na kuko, kwenda na
kurudi. A man to carry, miu wa
kuchukua. He went to buy, aii-
kwenda anunue | kununua).

Toad, n. chura [vy-].

——— a
.

TOADSTOOL

Toadstool, n. uyoga [ny-].

Toast, v. oka; (on a spit) danzka;
(drink to health of) [Aeshimu kwa
kunywea mvinyo, salamia kara-
muns |.

n. mkate uliookwa ; | mtu ao kitu
ao jambo la kuheshimiwa kwa ku-
nywea mvinyo karamuni, salamu
ya karamuni).

Tobacco, n. tumbako.

Tobacconist, n. mwusa tumbako.

Tobacco-pipe, n. kiko |zi-|.

Tocsin,n. (| kengele ya kuonya hatari,
kengele ya ishara |.

To-day, n. leo, leo hivi, siku hii,

Toddy, n. femdbo tamu,

Toe, n. kidole cha mguu, kidole[vi-].

Toed, a. exyz Toes.

Together, adv. pamoja, -ote, jamit,
jumla; (with verbs, often) -ana.
Weep together, /izaxa. Meet to-
gether, kufana. Talk together,
semezana.

Toil, n. kasi, kazi ya taabu, kazi gu-
mu; (net) wavu |ny-), mtego[mz-].

v. jitahidi, fanya kazi kwa
bidii.

Toilet, n. kuvaa mguo, kivao.

Toilsome, a. -a kazi, -a taabu.

Token, n. (sign) dalili, ishara, ala-
ma; (pledge) amana; (of love)
habba,

Told, p. t. na pf. t. ya Tell.

Tolerable, a. -4 kuvumilika; (in
moderate degree) kadiri, wastani.

Tolerably, adv. kadiri, si sana.

Tolerance, n. kuchukuana, kuvumi-
liana, kuachtilsana,

Tolerant, 2. -2 Auvumilia, -a ku-
chukuana.

Tolerate, v. vumilia, stahimil:, chu-
kuana na,

Toleration, n. = Tolerance; (in re-
ligion) | kuchukuana watu wa dint
mbalimbali: |.

Toll, n. ushuru, kodi; (of bell) ku-

piga kengele polepole.
-— v. piga (kengele) mojamoja
[ polepole}.

Toll-bar, Toll-gate, n. [m/ango pa
kulipa kodi),

421

TOOTH

Tomahawk, n. shoka la vita | kwa
washenzi wa Amerika ya kaska-
zini |.

Tomato, n. (plant) manyanya |mi- |;
(fruit) nyanya.

Tomb, n. kaburi | ma-), ziara | ma-).

Tombstone, n. jiwe la kaburi, jiwe
4a ukumbusho,

Tom-cat, n. paka ndume.

Tome, n. gomba la chuo.

To-morrow, n. kesho,
to-morrow, kesho kutwa,
day after, mzondo.
after, mfondogoo.)

Tomtit, n. |ndege ndogo sana|.

Ton, n. | frasila settini na "nne|l.

Tone, n. (sound) sauti, namna ya
sauli; (manner, style) namna, gi-
msi, tabia, hali.

—— v. geuza. Tone down, zimua.

Tongs, n. (smith’s) £oleo [ma-]; (fire-
irons) kichocheo [v2-].

Tongue, n. u/imi | mdtmz]; (speech)
usemi, kunena ; (language) /ugha,
maneno; (of land) rasi; (kitu ki-
takezacho, kama ulimi). Hold the
tongue, nyamaza. “Give tongue,
lia.

Tongue-tied, a. -budu, -nyamavu.

Tonic, a. (musical) -a sauzi, -a
kuimba. A tonic (medicine), dawa
ya kutia afya na nguvu.

To-night, adv. usiku huu, usiku
ujao.

Tonnage, n. (ukubwa wa tumbo la
jahazi, kadiri ya shehena |.

Tonsil, n. (kifu cha kooni, kama
kinundu|.

Tonsure, n. kipara.

Too, adv. mno kabisa, kupila kiasi,
kupita ipaswavyo, kadiri isivyo-
faa; (in addition) na, Zena, juu,
zayidi. Be too much for, kuzia,
lemea, shinda, zidi.

Took, p. t. ya Take.

Tool, n. samani, chombo |vy-), kt-
pande|vi- |; (slave) mtumwa|wa-J.

Tooth, n. (pl. Teeth) jino [meno];
(incisor) 2x0 la mbele; (molar)
chego {ma-]; (eye-tooth) chonge.
Show the teeth, oa meno. Go to

Day after
(Third
Fourth day

TOOTHACHE

have a tooth out, enda kung'oa jino.
Having lost a front tooth, -enyi
pengo. Tooth and nail, kwa ju-
hudi sana, A sweet tooth, kupenda
matamu. In the teeth of, pasipo
hofu ya, pasipo kuangalia, kwa
kutharau, (=In spite of).
Toothache, n. kuuma jino.
Tooth-brush, n. (stick) msuaki
(ai).
'Poothed, a. -enyi meno.
Toothless, a. pastp~o meno.
Tooth-pick, n. kichochoro cha
meno.
Top, no. (highest part) «Sande wa
juu, palipo juu, juu; (summit)
kilele ny ncha ya juu; (highest
degree) kipeo, upeo, kikomo cha
Juu; (chief person) mfu wakwanza,
mkuu, mtangulizi; (toy) pia;
(cover) kifuniko, kipande cha juu.
Top of the head, wéosz. On the
top (of), juu [ya]. At the top of
his voice, Awa kupaliza sauts sana.
ia viatu virefu (vya kuja
ut |.
he v. (cover) funika juu; (sur-
mount) fika juu; (surpass) pita;

(rise above) znuka je nyanyuka.

Topaz, n. [johart kama yakuli ya
manjano |.

Top-heavy, a. -stto kwa juu | kuliko
chini).

Topio, n. (yambo la kufikirika ao la
kuandikiwa habari ao la kubisha-
niwa maneno), jambo, habari.

Topmost, a. -4 juu kabisa.

Topographer, n. (mwenyi kujua
Topography |.

Topographical, a. -a Topography.

Topography, n. maarifa ya hali
(sabia, ginsi, &c.] ya mahali, ha-
bari ya mahali,

Topple (down or over), v. angusha,
pindua, (neut.) anguka, pindu-
ka.

Topsy-turvy, adv. kwa kupinduka,
kwa kipindu, kichwa chini.

Torch, n. mwenge [mé-].

Tore, p. t. ya Tear, v.

Torment, n. (pain) maumivu ma-

422

TOTAL

baya, athabu, uchungu; (trouble)
uthia, sumbuo, juhudi.

Torment, v. 4a Torment, athib:-
sha, uthi, Sc.

Tormenting, 2. -a kutia Torment.

Tormentor, n. (mwenyi kutia Tor-
ment].

Torn, pf. t. ya Tear, v.

Tornado, n, fufani kuu, kimbunga.

Torpedo, n. (fish) (samaki yenyi
kuumiza sana|; (engine of war)
mtego wa manowari kama pipa
lenyi baruli likitoswa chini na
kupita chini ya maji).

Torpid,a. kama -enyi usingizi, kama
fu, -stoona wala kwenda, -stto.

Torpidity, n. kuwa Torpid.

Torpor, usingizi, usito, ufu.

Torrent, n. zifo [mz-], maji ya
ghdfala, maji mengi yakipita
kasst ; (quantity) wingi.

Torrid, a. -a hari sana, penyi jua
kali. Torrid zone, (sehemu ya dunia
papitapo jua kichwani halisi).

Torsion, n. msokoto, (nguvu ya ku-
Jifumua ust}.

Torso, n. kiwiliwili, mfano wa
kiwiliwili.

Tortoise, n. kobe; (marine) ng'amba,
kassa.

Tortoise-shell, n. #g"amba.

Tortuous, a. -4 misingo Mingi, -a
kuzunguka, -a mapinds,

Torture, n. athabu kali, maumivu
makali, uchungu; (judicial) (£wa-
thibisha watu vikali makusudi ku-
wakirisha |.

—— v. tia Torture; sumbua sana,
tesa vibaya.

Tory, Toryism,n. = Conservative,
Conservatism.

Toss, v. rusha juu, tupa, sukasnka,
chafua; (of head) inswa ; (of ship)
Janya mramma,; (of sea) chafuka.
Toss up, dahatisha. Toes about (as
in sickness), guagaa.

kurusha, Sc.

Tossing, n. (tama Toss, n.) msuko-
suko, kufingirika, kugaagaa.

Tost, = Tossed, p. t. ya Toss.

Total, n. jumla, jamii.

—_—— Nn.

TOTAL | 423

Total, a. -ofe, pia, jumla, jamit.

Totality,n.(sum) 7e/a; (complete-
ness) kuwa kamili, utimilivu.

Totom, n. (vite vya kuonewa heshi-
ma na kuabudiwa katika watu
washenzi).

Totemism, n. ibada ya Totem.

Totter, v. Zikisika, tetemeka, pepa,
pepesuka, levyalevya; (like an old
man) kongoja.

Tottering, a. -a hutthkiszka, &c.

Touch, v. gusa; (reach) fikia;
(concern) pasa; (affect) pendeza,

- Stkittkisha, tia huruma | majuto,
urathi, Sc.), vuta; (test) jaribia,
onja. Touch on, nena kwa kupita,
eleza kidogo. Touch up, (improve)
tengeneza ;' (rouse) am sha. ‘Touch
at, wastlia, tia nanga penyi, tua
kwa.

n. kugusa, &c.; (small amount)
kidogo; (mode of handling) mkono.
A touch of fever, homa kidogo.
Sense of touch, kwona kwa kuyusa.
Touch and go, atari kubwa,
shidda sana. Be in touch with,

“jua sana mambo ya.

Touching, a. -a kutia huruma,

prep. juz ya, kwa habari ya.

Touch-paper, n. | karatasi ya shura
yenyi kuwaka polepole |.

Touch-stone, n. | kitu cha kuja
ribia, cha kuhakikisha, cha kuthu-
butisha|.

Touchwood, n. zombombo(?), mti
mkavu, | kitu cha kuwashia moto}.

Touchy, a. -¢fesi kwa hasira, -a
chukichuks,

Tough, a. -gumu, -shupavu, thabiti.

Toughen, v. fanya Tough.

Toughness, a. kuwa Tough.

Tour, n. matembest, mazunguko, sa-
Jari ya kucheza.

Tourist, n. [mtu wa kufanya Tour],
mtembezi, mwenendezi,

Tournament, n. mchezo wa vita.

Tourniquet, n. | kitambaa cha ku"
zuilia damu), kisongo.

Tout, v. sapa.

—n. mtu wa kusapa, mwangast,
mtembezi.

TRACHHA

Tow, v. (chombo) vuta kwa kamba,
fungasa. Take in tow, fungasa.

— n. kitani.

Toward, Towards, prep. kwa,
kwenda kwa (upande wa); (in
respect of) juu ya; (near) karibu

ya.

—— a. (handy, quick) -epesi, -eleke-
fu; (fortunate) -a kufaa, -a bahati.

Towel, n. kitambaa [cha kufutia
uso, mikono, &C. |.

Tower, n. mnara [mt-]; (fortified)
ngome, boma.

v. enda juu sana, simama.

Towering, a. -4 kwenda juu sana.

Tow-line, n. kamba ya kufungasa
(chombo).

Town, n. 2 (mi-).

—— a.—-a mji,

Town-clerk, n. mwandishi (karani):

wa serkali.
Town-crier, n. mjumbe wa serkali.
Town-hall, n. jumba la serkali.
Townsfolk, n. wafu wa mji, wakaa
mjini, wenyeji.

Township, n. mji na viunga

vyake.

Townsman, n. mtu wa mji, mwe-
nyeji wa mji. My fellow towns-
man, mwenzi wangu, WA Mji MmiNo-
ya nami.

Town-talk, n. “vumi, maneno ya
wafu, habari za mjini, isemwavyo
mjini,

Toxicology, n. maarifa ya sumu.

Toy, n. kipuzi, kitu cha kuchezea
watoto, kifu hafifu, takataka.

-— v. chezacheza. |

Trace, n. dalilé; (track) nyayo; (of ©

thing crawling) wtamdaazi; (of

thing dragged) mkokoto; (in har-

ness) [wkanda mnene wa kuvutia
gari).

v. fuata kwa kuangalia nyayo,
tafuta; (copy) fuasa halisi;
(draw) piga sanamu ya, andika.

Traceable, n. -a kuonekana, -a kuta-
Jutikana.

Tracery, n. [ ambo la mawe diri-
shani|.

Trachea, n. £00.

TRACING

Tracing, n. kufuatisha, kufuata;
(copy) wakili, mfano.

Track, n. 2/:a, mwendo; (footsteps)
nyayo, utanibaast; (of dragging)
mkokoto.

Trackless, a. pastpo njia, -stoendeka.

Tract, n. (of country) eneo, inchi,
Jimbo; (of time) muda, muhulla ;
(booklet) jusuu, chuo kidogo.

Tractability, n. #f:2, ufulivu, usi-
kizi.

Tractable, a. -a kutii, -fulivu.

Traction, n. kukokota.

Traction-engine, n. (gari la moshi
la kukokota mizigo |.

Trade, n. dzashara; (employment)
kazi, uchumi, shughuli; (men of
same trade) (watu wenyi kazi
moja fullant’.

v. fanya biashara, tafuta fa-
yida.

Trader, n. mfanyi biashara [wa-],
mchuruzi, mbazazi.

Tradesman, n. = Trader.

Trades-people, n. wafu wa bia-
shara.

Trades-union, n. (chama ya watu
wenyi kazi moja).

Trade-winds, n. | pepo sa kuvuma
dayima sawasawa |.

Trading, n. dzashara.

—— a. -a biashara.

Tradition, n. (mapokeo, mazoeo,
mafundisho yaliyotokea zamani);
(handing on) kupokezanya.

Traditional, a. -a Tradition.

Traduce, v. stngisia, tusha, nenea,

| umbua.

Traffic, n. biashara, ubazast, kupe-
leka bithaa huko na huko, kubadili-
shana mali.

v. fanya biashara, Sc,

Tragedian, n. (mcheza Tragedy,
mwandikaji wa Tragedy |.

Tragedy, n. [Drama yenyi habari
za hofu na huzuni); (disaster) ja-
mbo la kutisha, sikitiko, msiba.

Tragic, Tragical, a. -a kufisha, -a
hofu na huzuni, -a mauti, -a
msiba.

Trail, n. zzyayo, utambaazi, mkokoto;

424

TRANGUILLIZE

Si (kama mkia); (line traced )

mfuo, safu; (path) njia.

Trail, v. Tine chini, (neut.) koko-
teka.

Train, v. fundisha, lea, ongoza;
(animals) fuga; (plants) otesha,
tengeneza.

—— n (vazi refu la kukokoteka chini);
(attendants) maandami, wafuasi ;
(procession) #afuatano, watu wa-
hktandamana ; (of railway) magari;
(process) mwendo, kazi, njia, ufu-
lezo.

Train-bearer, n. [mtumishi wa ku-
chukua vazi refu kwa nyuma|.

Trainer, n. mkufunzi, mlezi; (of
animals) mfuga nyama.

Training, n. (of mind) malezi,
mafundisho; (study) mfaala, ku-
soma; (of body) (kuzoelea kazi
gumu ao mchezo wa bidii ; (of ani-
mals) mfugo.

Train-oil, n. (mafuta ya nyangu-
mi

Trait, n. fofauti, dalili, onyo | ma-).

Traitor, n. khaini, mpenyezi | wa-|,
mdanganya.

Traitorous, a. -4 Traitor.

Traitress, n. Traitor wa kike,

Trajectory, n. (njia ya kitu kitu-
pwacho kipitavyo hewani, njia ya
mutrengo |.

Tramcar, Tram, n. | gari la kupita
njiani juu ya Vyuma |.

Trammel, n. kizuio, kifungo.

v. zuia, tattza, tatantsha.

Tramp,n. mshindo|wakukanyagisha
miguu |; (journey) safari; (beggar)
mwombaji | wa- |.

v. safiri, enda kwa miguu,
zungukazunguka.

Trample, v. kanyaga, finyanga, vu-
nja kwa miguu; (despise) /karau.

Tramway, Tram-road, n. (njia ya
vyuma ya kupishia gart|.

Trance, n. kusimia, kupatwa, kama
usingizi, kuota.

Tranquil, a. -/u/svu, -a raha; (sea)
-a shwari.

Tranquillity, n. #fulivu, raka.

Tranguillize, v. /uliza, sterehisha.

TRANSACT

Transact, v. /enda [shughuli|, fanya,
maliza. i

Transaction, n. jambo (la kufanyi-
ka), shughuli.” L any

Transatlantic, a. -a ng'ambo ya pili
ya Atlantic Ocean, -a kupita ka-
lika Atlantic Ocean.

Transcend, v. p:li/ta mbali.

Transcendent, a. dora sana.

Transcendental, a. -@ Transcen-
dentalism, -a kufita akili, -a
Jumbo.

Transcendentalism, n. | kujua kwa
akili tupu pasipo kuona wala ku-

jaribia |, fikara gumu, fumbo la
mawazo,

Transcendentalist, n.

" Transcendentalism.

Transcribe, v. fuatisha, nakili.

Transcript, n. nakulu, mfano.

Transcription, n. kufuatisha, na-
hulu.

Transept, n. (upande wa kanisa,
ulokezapo kwa kuume na kwa ku-
shoto, pande la kanisa).

Transfer, v. pisha, hamisha, jongeza
pangine, geuza, toa.

n. kupisha, kuloa, &c.; [mtu
ao kitu kilichopiskwa, &c.].

Transferable, a. -2 kubadilishwa.

Transference, n. kupisha, kupita,
Sc.

Transfiguration, n. kugeuza, kuge-
uka, ugeuzi, ugeuko.

Transfigure, v. geuza, badilisha.

Transfix,v.choma | kwa mkukt, &c.};
kama kuchoma | kwa hofu, huzuni,
&c.], ta bumbuazi, shangaza, fa-
thatsha, stusha.

Transform, v. geuza, badilisha.

Transformation, n. ugeuzi, kugeuka.

Transfuse, v. mimina, pisha, penye-
sha, nywesha.

Transfusion, n. kumimina, kumi-
mintka, &c. (Taz. Transfuse).
Transgress, v. kosa, kosea, haltfu,

vunja, asi.

Transgression, n. kosa [ma-], tha-
mbt, uhalifu, uasi | ma- |).

Transgressor, n. mkosaji, 8&c.

Transient, a. -a kupita, -siotshé.

nite wa

425

TRANSPORTATION

Transit, n. kupita, kupisha; (of
stars, &c.) Aupitana nyota.

Transition, n. kupita, kugeuka.

Transitive, a. (in gram.) | Verb zsz-
yotumtka illa pamoja na Object}.

Transitory, a. -a kupita, -a kitambo.

Translate, v. fasiri, tafsiri, geuza
lugha ngine; (transfer) weka [chu-
kua) pangine.

Translation, n. kufasiri, tafsiri, Sc.

Transliterate, v. [andika kwa
harufu zingine).

Translucent, a. -4 kupenya nuru,
-a kuona.

Transmarine, a. -4 ngambo ya
bahari, -a kwenda ng'ambo ya
bahari,

Transmigrate, v. kama.

Transmigration, n. kukama, kuge-
uka hali ngine.

Transmigratory, a. -a kuhama.

Transmission, n. kupisha.

Transmit, v. pisha, peleka.

Transmutable, a. -a kugeuka.

Transmutation, n. ugeuzi.

Transmute, v. geuza.

Transom, n, kizinyifi cha juu.

Transparency, n. al: ya kuwa
Transparent ; (picture) (sanamu
ya kuonekana kwa taa|.

Transparent, a. -a@ kuona, -a kupe-
nya nuru, -a kuonya kwa pili, -a
kung'aa kwa pili ; (clear, obvious)
wazi, baini, thahtrt.

Transpire, v. (angaa, bainika, julika.

Transplant, v. panda pangine, pa-
ndikia ; (remove) hamitsha.

Transplantation, n. kupanda pangi-
ne, Sc.

Transport, n. uchukuzi, uhamal:;
(excess of joy, Sc.) furaha kubwa,
kipindi (cha furaha, hofu, ajabu,
&c.]; (transfer) kusafirisha | mali
ao watu|; (ship) [melt ya kuchu-
kua asikari na vitu vyao|.

v. chukua, safirisha, peleka;
(of criminals, &c.) kamisha, chu-
kulia mbali; (excite violently) fa-
thaisha, poteza akili.

Transportation, n. kuchukua, ku-
chukulika, &c., uhamisho,

TRANSPOSE 426

TRENCH

Transpose, v. badilisha [mahal,| Treadmill, n. (shinikizo la kuka-

sauti, &c. |.

Transposition, n. kubadilisha, ku-
badilika,

Trans-ship, v. badili |hawili |) cho-
mbo | merikebu |, badilisha shehena.

Trans-shipment, n. kubadili | kuha-
wili) chombo, Sc.

Transubstantiation, n. (kugeuka
asili ya mkate na mvinyo kuwa
haswa asili ya mwili na damu
ya Isa Masiya, katika Usharika
Mtakatifu (Holy Communion) J.

Transverse, a. -2 kukingama.

Trap, .n. mtego (ms- |; (spring) mia-
mbo [mt-]; (trick, device) hila;
(kind of stone) | jiwe gumu jeusi).

—— V. fega, nasa.

Trap-door, n. (mlango wa sakafuni,
wa kuinuliwa juu, si wa kwenda
upande, ukifunguka).

Trapeze, n. pembea.

Trapezium, n. (sanamu ya mistari
minne yote isiyo sawa wala kupa-
mbana|.

Trappings, n. matandiko [ ya frasi,
&c.], mapambo ya fahari, mavalio.

Trash, n. zaka, ovyo, upusi, mawe.

Trashy, a. -a ovyo, -nyangdlska,

Travail, n. ufungu wa kusaa.

v. shikwa na utungu.

Travel, n. safari, mwenao,

—— v. safiri, pita, enda.

Traveller, n. msafiri [wa-].

Traverse, v. (cross) kingama; (travel
over) fitia; (contradict) kanya.

Travesty, n. mwigo, thikaka.

v. zga vibaya. ,

Trawl, v. [vua samaki kwa chombo
na kukokota wavu chini).

Trawler, n. (chombo cha uvuvi).

Tray, n. simia | ma-), sahani, kombe.

Treacherous, a. -danganyifu,-janja,
-a khaint, -a hila,

Treachery,n.udanganyifu,hila, Sc.

Treacle, n. asali ya miwa.

Tread, v.(p. t. Trod, pf.t. Trodden)
kanyaga, pigiha miguu chini,
enda.

— n. kukanyaga, mshindo wa
mguu, hatua.

(penal labour) kazi ya
High

nyaga ;
athabu).

Treason, n. uhalifu, maasi,
treason, kumwasi mfalme.

Treasonable, a. -halifu, Sc.

Treasure, n. Aasina, funu, azizi,
malt.

Treasurer, 0. mfunza hazina, karani
wa kulinda fetha.

Treasurership,n.ktazi ya Treasurer.

Treasure-trove, n. [malz iliyovu-
mbulika chini), dafina.

Treasury, n. nyumba ya hazina,
bet tl mali; (public funds) made ya
serkali.

Treat, v. Zendea; (explain) elesa;
(entertain) karibisha, lisha ; (attend
as doctor) Zia dawa, uguza. Be
(medically) treated, a/zkwa.

—— n. (feast) karamu; (pleasure)
jambo la furaha, mapendezi.

Treatise, n. jusuxu, kitabu kidogo.

Treatment, n. 4utenda, kutendewa,
mwamale; (medical) dawa, kazi
ya mganga. Be under treatment,
alikwa.

Treaty, n. mapatano, mkataba.

Treble, n. [sauté nyembamba ya wa-
toto ao waanake wakiimba |.

v. fanya | fanyiza] marra tatu.

Tree, n. mitt ars Up a tree (in
doubt), katika mashaka.

—— a. -a mili, -a kupanda |-a ku-
kaa | juu ya mti.

Trellis, n. (papi ao fito zikikinga-
mana, kama wavu, kama kimia,
lakini ya mtt). Trellis-work screen,
(indoor) k:wambasacha papi | fito);
(outdoor) wa wa papi | fito).

Tremble, v. Zetema, tetemeka, tiki-
sika.

Tremendous, a. -a hofu, -a kutisha,
-kubwa mno, -ingt ajabu.

Tremor, n. ufelemo, tetemeko (ma-),
utukuto.

Tremulous, a. -a kulelema, Sc.
(Zaz. Tremble).

Trench, n, handaki, ufuo [ fuo),
shimo (ma-), genge; (for founda-
tion) msinji |(mi-j.

TRENCH

Trench, v. Trench on, jifwalia
nussu, katia, punguza, iba mpaka
wa.

Trenchant, a. -kaft, -a kukata ma-
neno, -a tamma.

Trencher, n. (for mortar, &c.) chano
kuyanoji (large plate) kombe, sa-

ani,

Trepan, Trephine, v. (msumeno
mdogo wa kupetemana|.

Trepidation, n. fetemeko, fathaa,
hofu, kuhangaika.

Trespass, n. kosa [ma-], uhalifu;
kukanyaga shamba la watu,

v. kanyaga shamba la watu;
(pass bounds, annoy) pita kiasi,
sumbua; (ask too much) zakia
-2ngi. .

Trespass-offering, n. (sadaka kwa
ajili ya thambi, sadaka ya kupata-
nisha).

Tress, n. ushungi, msongo, msokoto
wa nyele.

Tressel, n. fegemeo la meza Uenyi
matendegu matatu ao manne).

Triad, n. | vitu vitatu pamoja, kama
kitu kimoja |.

Trial, n. majaribu, maonji ; (legal)
hukumu ; (competition) mashi-
ndano; (trouble) Zaabu, shidda,
kinga.

Triangle, n. (sanamu yenyi pembe
zatu |, ,

Triangular, a. -a Triangle, kama
Triangle.

Triangulation, n. (kupima kwa
kutumia Triangle}.

Tribal, a. -a Tribe.
nembo.

Tribe, n. kabila ; (large) taifa | ma- ji
(kind) aina, ginsi, Of what tri
are you? mfu gani wewe?

Tribulation, n. faabu, hamu, ma-
teso, misiba, huzuni.

Tribunal, n. baraza ya kathi, korti.

Tribune, n. mimbara, dungu, uli-
ngo; (officer) [mtu mkubwa kwa
Warumi zamani).

Tributary, a. -2 kulipa kodi, -a
chini, -a kuleta msaada. Tributary
streams, vijzfo, watoto wa mito.

Tribal mark,

427

TRINITARIAN

Tribute, n. #shuru, kodi; (offering)
sadaka.

Trice, n. Ina trice, marra moja.

Trick, Trickery, n. Ada, kitimbi,
madanganya; (conjuring) kiini
macho, masinga umbo, mizungu,
miujiza.

v. punja, danganya. Be tricked
out, zambwa.

Trickish, a. -2 hila, &c.

Trickle, v. tirtrika.

Tricolour, n. (bendera ya Wafransa
ya rangi tatu, nyekundu, nyeupe,
Samawt |.

Trident, n. (chusa chenyi ncha tatu,
mkuke wa vyembe vitatu).

Tridentine, a. [-a mkutano wa Trent
A.D. 1545).

Triennial, a. -a killa mwaka wa
tatu.

Trifle, n. jambo hafifu, kitu kisicho
thamani, kama si kitu, kidogo,
taka.

—— v. chezacheza, pusa.

Trifling, a. hafi/u, -pumbafu, -dogo.

Trigger, n. slambo (mi-| wa bu-
nduki.

Trigonometrical, n.
metry.

Trigonometry, n. (elimu ya pembe
na mistari ya Triangle).

Trilateral, a. -a mistart mitatu.

Trilingual, a. -a lugha tate.

Triliteral, a. -2 karufu tatu.

Trill, v. [tetemesha sauti katika
kuimba), piga vigelegele.

——n. | kutetemeka sautt), kigelegele.

-2 Trigono-

| Trillion, n. (million f million Af mil-

lion, 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 ].

Trim, a. -Jiotengeneka, -2urt, tara-
tibu.

—— n. matengeneo, mapambo ; (con-
dition) kadi.

v. Zengeneza, pamba, kata;
(plants) chenga; (vegetables) cha:
mbua; (sail) rausz.

Trimmer, n, mgeusi,

Trimming, n. (ornament) mapambo ;
(time-serving) kugeuka.

Trinitarian, n. (mwenyi kuamini
kwa Trinity ya kimasihiya|.

TRINITY

Trinity, n. statu, tatu pamoja;
(God) | Muungu aliye asili moja
na nafsi tatu, Utatu Mtakati, uu),

Trinket, n. (kipambo kidogo kizuri
cha thamani).

Trio, n. watatu pamoja ; (in music)
uimbo wa watu watatu pamoja.
Trip, v. (enda mbio kwa hatua ndogo),
kimbia ; (stumble) kwaa, kwaza ;
(err) kosa. Trip up, kwaza, kwa-

misha, (neut.) jikwaa.

—— n. safari ndogo, matembezi.

Tripartite, a. -4 sehemu tatu.

Tripe, n. mafumbo | kwa kupikwa|.

Triple, a. -a@ marra tafu, -a -tatu
pamoja.

v. sidisha marra tatu.

Triplet, n. (vetu vitatu pamoja).

Triplicate, n. makulu ya tafu.

Tripod, n. kili (meza, &c.] cha
miguu mitatu; (kitchen) meko,
mafya, mafiga.

Tripos, n. (kutazamiwa elimu ya
kuhesabu na vingine kwa Cam-
bridge (mji wa Ingereza) |).

Trireme, n. (chombo chenyi makasia
mengi safu tatu kwa zamani za
kale),

Trisect, v. (kala vipande vitatu
vilivyo sawa |.

Trisection, n. (kukata (kukatika)
vipande vitatu |.

Trisyllable,n. (neno lenyi Byllables
tatu|,

Trite, a. -ligjulika sana, baridi,
-dufu, ovyo.

Triturate, v. fikicha, tua, ponda,
saga.

Trituration, n: kufikicha, &c,

Triumph, n. shangwe, furaha kuu ;
(success) kushinda, kufanikiwa,
kushangilia. Shouts of triumph,
vigelegele, shangwe. Have (enjoy)
a triumph, shangiliwa, pokewa
kwa shangwe na vigelegele baada
ya vita.

—— v. shangilia ; (succeed) shinda ;
(boast) jivuna [juu ya adui),
simanga.

Triumphal, Triumphant, a. -a
shangwe, -a kushinda,-a vigelegele.

428

TROW

Triune, a. (Muungu) mmoja kw
nafsi tatu, | mtatu ?).

Trivet, n. (kipande chenyi miguu
mitatu |.

Trivial, a. -a szku sole, -a@ ovyo,
bariads, hafifu.

Triviality, n. shafifu, upuzi.

Trod, p. t. Trodden, pf. t. ya
Tread, v.

Troglodyte, n. miaapaangont [wa-].

Troll, v. amba ; (in fishing) vwa sa-
maki (kwa kutupa na kuvuta
chambo|.

Trombone, n. panda |yenyi sauli
nene sana|.

Troop, n. kundi (ma- |), jeshi [ma-],
kikosi (cha asikari wapanda frasi |.

v. enda -ings pamoja, enda kwa
kusongana.

Trooper, n. astkari mpanda frasi.

Trope,n.| eno litumikalo kwa mjano,
st kwa maana yake halisi, kama
Jumbo), mfano wa maneno, mithali.

Trophy, n. ukumbusho wa kushinda
adui, kumbukumbu.

Tropical, a. -¢ Tropics; -a Trope.

Tropics, n.[sehentuyaduntapapttapo
jua kichwani halisi, inchi zilizo
chini ya jua, inchi za hari).

Trot, n. (of horse) mashindo; (of
ass) matiti; (of person) [mwendo
wa mtoto mdogo|.

—— v. enda kwa Trot.

Troth, n. wel, amini, ahadi.

Troubadour, n. (mfunga mashairi
zamani kwa Ufransa\.

Trouble, n. uthia, taabu, mashaka,
kusumbuka.

—— v. uthi, sumbua, pekecha.

Troublesome, a. -a uthia, -tukulu,
&c.

Troublous, a. -a mambo, -a taabu.

Trough, n. (chombo kirefu wazi nda-
24); (trench) #fuo[ms-], handaki,
mfambi [ws-]; (valley) bonde.

Trousers, n, soruali.

Trousseau, n. |vipambo na akila
ya bibi harust).

Trout, n. (samaki nzuri ya mitont
Ulaya|.

Trow, V. /4a, ona.

TROWEL

Trowel, n. (mason’s) mwiko (mi- |.

Troy-weight, n. (kipimo cha wafua
thahabu na fetha).

Truant, n. moro |wa-|. Play the
truant, | watoto| toroka.

Truce, n. mapatano ya kitambo,
amani kwa muda.

Truck, n. gurt dogo (la kuchukua
misigo).

Truckle (to), v. sithtli kwa, situsha
mbele ya, jipendekeza kwa, shika
miguu ya.

Truculence, n. #kali, hasira,

Truculent, a. -kali, -a hasira.

True, a. kweli, -a kweli, -a hakika;
(trusty) amini; (exact) kalisi;
(equal) sawa; (just) -a kaki. Be
trueto, shika, fuata, ganda,ambalta,
$8 acha.

Truism, n. (neno la kukubalika na
watu wote kuwa kweli pasipo
shaka), neno la hakika; (plati-
tude) neno baridi.

Truly, adv. kweli, kwa kweli, Sc.

Trump, n. karata ya kushinda |ka-
lika mchezo wa karata); (generous
person) miu mzuri,

—v. Trump up, fanya kwa uwo-
ngo, tunga, zua.

Trumpery, n. mambo ya ovyo, uwo-
ngo, takataka.

a, -a ovyo, hafifu.

Trumpet, n. panda, baragumu,

Trumpeter, n. mpiga panda, ta-
rumpeta,

Truncate, v. kata, fupisha.

Truncheon, n. ibarango [vi-),
gongo (| ma- |, rungu [ma-].

Trundle, v. fingirisha, fingirika,

Trunk, n. (of tree) shina (ma-),
jiti (ma-|; (stump) siki, kisiki,
jili | ma- |; (cut down) gogo [ma-];
(body) kiwiliwili ; (of elephant)
mkono |mi-); (box) kasha | ma-),
sanduku ; (main part) sehemu kuu,
asili.

Trunk-line, n. njia kuu | ya magari

a moshi),

Truss,n. (bundle) fungu, mzigo;
(surgical) mshipi, mfuko ; (of roof)
mkingiko (?).

429

TUMBLE

Truss, v. kunja, funga.

Trust, n. (faith, belief) tumaini, ima-
i; (faithfulness) kaki, amini;
(pledge, deposit) amana, agizo, ra-
hani; (company) kampani.

—— Vv. amini, aminia; (entrust)
antnisha; (be confident) ‘xmazns,

jetea, tuma:.

Trustee, n. mthamini (wa-). Act
as trustee for, skzka malt ya.

Trustful, a. -2 kuamini.

Trustworthy, Trusty, a. amini,
-aminifa, thabiti, hodari,

Truth, n. (fact) kweli, hakika;
(statement) kanuni yenyi kakika,
maneno ya kweli; (deed) kaki.

Truthful, a. -a kweli, amint, -semi
kweli,

Truthfulness, n. ukweli, usadiki.

Try, v. jaribu, jaribia, jitahidi, toa
bidii; (judge by law) kukumu;
(test, examine) Aakikia, angalia,
tafutia, hoji, onja. Try on (clothes,
&c.), linga.

n. sarthu [ma-].

Trying, a. -a kujartbia; (oppressive)
-a kulemea, -sito, -kalt, -a kusu-
mbua.

Tub, n. pipa [ma-].

Tube, Tubing, n. (= Pipe) mwanzi
[m3-], kama mwanzi, mrija.

Tuber, n. kiazi (vi-].

Tubercle, n. kinundu, kipele.

Tubular, 2. -4 Tube, sama Tube.

Tuck, v. kunja, finya, fyata; (fold
up, put up) fufika, weka. Tuck
up a loin-cloth, piga ubinda.

—— n. finyo | ma-|, kunjo | ma-}.

Tuesday, n. jumaa’nne.

Tuft, n. kishungi, kishada. A tuft
of grass, &c., kichungu.

Tug, v. vuta (kokota) kwa bidii,
vuta kwa kishindoshindo, vuta-

vula,
—— n. bidii ya kuvuta, kishindo.
Tuition, n. malest, mafundisho.
Tumble, v. (down) anguka ; (into)
tumbukia ; (over) pinduka; (about)
Jifingirisha, jitapatapa; (disar-
range) chafua, tia fujo; (cause to
fall) angusha, tumbukiza, pindua ;

TUMBLER 430

TURN

(throw somersaults) cheza kifwa- | Turkey-stone, n. 4700.

ngomba,

Turmeric, n. manjano.

Tumbler, n. (glass) d¢/aurz; (small | Turmoil, n. makelele, masumbuo,

moving part) kipande (ndani ya

machafuko, uthia.

kufuli ao kitasa |); (acrobat) mpiga | Turn, v. zungusha, geusa, pindua,

kitwangomba, mpiga pindu.

Tumid, a. -a2 kuvimba.

Tumour, n. 4ivimbe, uvimbe (ma-],
fest.

Tumult, n. makelele, uthia, fitina,
machafuko, mashindano.

Tumultuous, a. -4 Tumult, -a ku-
chafuka,

Tumulus, n. kisugulu [vi-], fungu
[ma-]. .

Tun, n. pipa kubwa | ma- |.

Tune, n. [ saute, mafuatano ya saute
katika kuimba ao kupiga ngoma),
ulinganifu wa sauti, utaratibu.

v. linganya (kinanda, &c.],
liza wema.

Tuneful, a. -a kutoa sauti nzuri.

Tunio, n. kanzu fupi, gwanda.

Tuning-fork, n. | kipande chachuma,
kama kiuma, chenyi kulia vizuri
kikipigwa|).

Tunnel, n. [stimo refu la kupenya
ndani ao la kupita chini), shimo
[ma-], tundu (| ma- |.

—— v. fanya Tunnel, fukua chini.

Turban, n. kilemba [vt-]; (cloth)
utambi, tambi.

Turbid, a. -enyt matope, takataka.

Turbot, n. [samaki kubwa pana).

Turbulence, n. makelele, jeurt, ma-
chafuko, utukutu.

Turbulent, a. -2 Turbulence.

Tureen, n. (chungu cha kuttlia

mchuzi).

Turf, n. (majani meroro na udongo
wake; (race-course) makali pa ku-
shindania frasi ; (racing affairs)
mambo na watu wa kushindanisha
Jjrasi|. —

Turfy, a. -a majani meroro.

Turgid, a. -a kuvimba; (boastful) -a
kujivuna, -a kiburi.

Turgidity, n. hali ya kuvimba, Sc.

Turkey, n. bafa la msinga (ma-|);
(country) inchi ya Maturuki. ‘The
Sultan of Turkey, Su/tani Rum.

(neut.) zunguka, geuka, pinduka ;
(with lathe) 4ereza; (sour, &c.)
chacha, osesha; (stomach) cha-
fua; (of age) pita kwa umri.
Turn a cold shoulder to, Turn the
back upon, ¢harau, geukia, -pa
mgongo. ‘Turn a comer, sunguka,
geuka; (pass a critical point) -wa
hajambo, pona, faulu. Turn adrift,
tupa, acha. Turn against, geuka
adut wa. Turn the flank of, s4-
nguka nyuma ya. Tuma penny
by, fayidia kidogo. Turnaway, geu-
ka, enda zake | zao, 8£:c.|; (dismiss)
ondosha; (avert) geusia mbali,
Turn down a lamp, shusha utambi.
Turn inside out, fudua, fudtkisa.
Turn off, (water, Sc.) zuia, funga,
stba; (dismiss) ondoskha, ‘Turn on,
(steam, Sc.) fungulia, stbua,
Turn one’s hand to, shika kasi ya.
Turn the head, (make crazy) poteza
(rusha) akili. Turn tail, kimbia.
Turn the edge of, ondoa | haribu |
makali ya. Tum the scale, kafa
neno. ‘Turn the tables, geusa ma-
mbo pia, Turn over, pindua,
Sudtkiza; (in mind) fikiri. Turn
over and over (somersaults), #2-
nduka, Turn over a new leaf,
tulia, jtrudta. Turn round, s4-
ngusha, fingtrisha; (neut.) geuka,
zinga, jisungua. Turn to advant-
age or account, fayidi, chuma.
Turn up, Zokea, tukia, suka;
(a wick) chochea, pansa; (soil,
&c.) fukua. Turn upon, rudia,
rudishia, Tum upside down, fu-
adtkisa, chafua, pindua. Turn out,
(happen) fekelea, tokea; (dismiss)
- ondosha; (of manufactures) fanyi-
sa. Turn out well, fanikia.
n. kusunguka, kusungusha,
&c. (7as. Turn, v.); (curve, bend)
pindi | ma-), kisingo, msingo; (re-
volution) msunguko, mabadsli, ma-

ya

TURNCOAT

geuzi, mapinduzi ; (succession) za-
mu, mlimbiko (mi-|); (in games)
mchezo |mit-); (mode of expres-
sion, &c.) mamna, ginst. It is his
turn to play, mchezo wake huyu.
By turns, kwa zamu, kwa kupoke-
zanya, kipokee. In tums, wa
zamu, tarattbu. Do a good (bad)
turn to, fendea mazuri | mabaya|.
Take (go for) a turn, enda tembea.
Serve a tum, faa.

Turncoat, n. mkufuru |wa-), mki-
mbizi, mgeuzi.

Turner, n. mkeresa | wa-|.

Turnery, n. stkereswazo.

Turning, n. kuzunguka, mzunguko,
pindi,mzingo ; (using lathe) ukerezo.

Turning-point, n. (highest, furthest)
upeo, kipeo, kikomo ; (place of turn-
ing) pa kugeuka ; (decisive point)
neno la kukata jambo, jambo kuu.

Turnip, n. (mboga ya kizungu, kama
Rogo).

Turnkey, n. bawabu wa gereza.

Turnpike, n. (mlango njiani patole-
wapo kodi).

Turnstile, n. (mlango mwembamba
wa kupishia watu, si nyama)|.

Turpentine, n. farbini, lerafini.

'Purpitude, n. aibu, unyonge.

Turquoise, n. feruzi.

Turret, n. mnara [mi-), kinara
[wz-]; (in man-of-war) | banda la
chuma, lenyi mizinga|. A

Turreted, a. -eny: Turret.

Turtle, n. asa; (hawkshead) ng'a-
mba; (dove) hua.

Tusk, n. jino [meno]; (elephant’s)
pembe, (large) pembe ya mtao,
(middle-sized) 472, (small) 2a/a-
sha; (of boar) upamba (2).

Tutelage, n. malest, mafundisho,
maongozi, ulinzt.

Tutelar, a. -a kulinda,

Tutor, n. mlest | mwanaume), mwa-
limu.

Tutorial, a. -a Tutor.

Twaddle, n. upuzi, mapayo, mane-
no, mawe.

Twain,n. naa. (vitu vyo vyote viwili
pamoja), wawslt, viwili, -wilt,

431

TWITTER

Twang, n. mito [wa ust wa zeze ao
upindi ukipigwa); (nasal) usemi
wa puani.

—— v. lita | kama upindi).

Tweak, v. nyakua.

Tweezers, n. £tkoleo.

Twelfth, a. -a thenashara.

Twelve, a. na n. thenashara, kumi
na mbili. The Twelve, (mitume
thenashara wa Isa Mastya).

Twelvemonth, n. mwaka mmoja.

Twentieth, a. -a asharint.

Twenty, a. nan. asharint,

Twice, adv. marra mbili.

Twig, n. kitawi, kijiti |vi-).

Twilight, n. | majilio ya nuru asst-

bui, na maondokeo yake jioni),
ukungu ; (dawn) ukungu wa alfa-
jiri, mapambazuko, mchana mdogo ;
(evening) k:s:kusiku,gisagiza, uku”
ngu wa jiont, .

Twin, n. pacha [ma-] ; (equal) sawa,

mwenzi, mfano mmoja. Twin
houses, nyumba pachapacha.
Twine, v. songa, sokota; (make

turns) sunguka, zinga, fanya mar
pindi,

——n. kifani.

Twinge, n. umivu la ghdfala, ku-
chomwa.

‘| Twinkle, v. metameta, meremeta;

(brighten) angaza.

> Twinkling, n. kumeremeta,
wangafu; (moment) dakika moja.
In the twinkling of an eye, Awa
ukope wa juu na chini, marra
moja, kwa kupepesa jicho.

Twirl, v. zungusha upesi kwa vi-
dole; (go round) zungukazunguka;
(twist) sokofasokota.

Twist, v. (writhe) songa, nyonga ;
(plait) sokota, suka; (strain) fofo-
toa, stusha; (distort) geuza, potoa,
vuta. |

—— n. pindi | ma- |), mageuzi.

Twit, v. kumbusha makosa, tusha,
chokoza, shutumu, suta.

Twitch, v. nyakua, twaa ghdfala,

—n. mvuto |finyo| la ghdfala,
kituko, kipindi.

Twitter, v. /ia | kama ndege mdogo).

TWITTER

Twitter, Twittering, n. mlio [wa
ndege madogo |.

Two, n. naa. pili, -bili, -wili. Two
and two, wawili wawili (mbili
mbili, &c. |, jozi. Puttwoand two
together, exenza mambo.

Two-edged, a. -kali kuwili.

Twofold, a. -a marra mbili, maru-
dufu,

Tympanum, n. kiwambo | cha sikio|.

Type, n. (printing) chapa [ma-];
(emblem) mfano, kifani, methali,
tshara; (kind) aina, ginsi, namna ;
(ideal) kifu kamili, kipeo, kitu cha
namna haswa.

Type-writer,n. (chombo cha kuandi-
ka kwa chapa).

Type-writing, n. (mwandiko wa
chapa).

Typhoid, a. kama Typhus.

Typhoon, n. Zufano kuu, kimbunga.

Typhus, n. [oma mbaya ya matu-
mboni |.

Typify, v. -wa mfano wa.

Typographical, a.-4 Typography.

Typography, n. maarifa ya kupiga
chapa, matumizi ya chapa.

Tyrannical, a. -a thulumu, Sc.

Tyrannize, v. thulumu, onea.

Tyranny, n.[uoneawatu burre past-
po haki), uthalimu, kupiga ubwa-
na, ukali, ukorofi; (despotism)
utawala wa mtu mmoja, utawala
wa sultant mihalimu.

Tyrant, n. mthalimu, mjeuri, msha-
rt; (despot) sultant |mwenyi
nguvu yole peke yake), sultani
mkorofi.

Tyro,n. mwanafunzi, mjinga | wa-).

U.

Ubiquitous, a. -enyz: Ubiquity.
Ubiquity, n. |kuwapo mahali pote ao
mahali pengi sana, kuenea pote).

Udder, n. kiwele.

Ugliness, n. baya [wa uso, umbo,
sura), -a kuchukiza macho,

Ugly, a. -baya, -a kuchukiza. He is
ugly, hana uso.

¢
”
aere

432

UNAVOIDABLE

Ulcer, n. donda | ma-), kidonda [vi-];
(slow, creeping) fambaasi.

Uleerate, v. fanya

Ulceration, n. madonda.

Ulcerous, a. -a madonda.

Ulterior, a. -a nyuma, -a baadaye,
-a zayidi ; (undisclosed) -a sérz, -a
moyoni.

Ultimate, a. -4 mwisho, -a kwanza,
-a asili. Ultimate cause, chanzo,
asili.

Ultimatum, n. mwisho, neno la
mwisho (la tamma), kukata ma-
neno.

Ultra, a. (of place) -a mbele, -a nje,
-a upande wa pilt ; (successive) -a
kupita kiasi, -a mno.

Ultramarine, n. (rangi ya samawi
nzuri sana).

Ultramontane, a. -4 Ultramonta-
nism,

Ultramontanism, n. [ kusema,“ asko-
fu wa Rumi ndiye haswa mkuu na
mtawala Kanisa lote la kimasihiya
peke yake "|.

Umbilical, a. -a kitovu.

Umbrage, n. wwivu,chuki, uchungu.

Umbrella, n. mwavuli |mi-), dapo
[ma-].

Umpire, n. mwamuzi [wa-].

Un-, (mwanzoni pa maneno mengi,
maana yake | si.

Unable (Be), v. s? weza, st -wa na
nguvu.

Unaccountable, a. -szolambulikana,
-a ajabu sana.

Unaffected, a. (sincere) -a kweli;
(unchanged) -stagexswa, -stoona.
Unalloyed, a. safi, -a kweli, ha-

list, -stogho shiwa.

Unanimity, n. kuwa Unanimous.

Unanimous, a. -enyi shauri moja,
-lokubahika na wote, -a wote pa-
moja.

Unanswerable, a. -stokantkana,

Unassuming, a. -nyenyekevu, -syo-
nge, -enyt haya.

Unavailing, a. -stofaa, si -enyi njia,
-a burre.

Unavoidable, a. -stoepeka, -a fara-
tht,

UNAWARES

Unawares, adv. ghdfala, pasipotha-
niwa, kwa siri.

Unbar, v.

Unbecoming, a. st wajibu, si -zuri,
-siofaa.

Unbelief, n. kutoamini, kutokuwa
na imani, ukafiri.

Unbeliever, n. asiyesadiki, mwenyi
mashaka mengi, kafiri | ma- |).

Unbelieving, a.-a Unbeliever.

Unbend, v. (p.t. na pf. t. Unbent)
legesa, (neut.) /egea, nyosha, fu-
ngua a5 (be genial) sunjuka, cha-

nga .

Unbending, a. -gumu, hodari.

Unbent, p. t. za pf. t. ya Unbend.

Unbiased, a. -a haki, sawa, -stope-
ndelea.

Unbidden, a. -siokwitwa, pasipo
kuamriwa.

Unbind, v. (p.t. #a pf. t. Unbound)
fungua. .

Unblemished, a. pastfo mawaa,
-eupe, safi.

Unblushing, 2. st -enys haya, -kavu
wa macho, -fithult, -pujufe.

Unbolt, v. fungua.

Unborn, a. -stozaliwa bado, -a kuto-
kea baadaye.

Unbosom, v. funua, ungama.

Unbound, a. -Hofunguliwa ;
books) asipo jelada.

Unbounded, a. pasipo kiasi.

Unbridled, a. -stozuiwa, -a jeuri.

Unburden, v. fungulia mzigo, fari-
Jt, pumzisha.

Unbutton, v. fungua.

Unoage, v. fungua,
nduni.

Unoanny, a. -4 shetant, -a pepo.

Unceasing, a, -@ dayima, -stokwi-
sha.

Unoertain, a. -sto hakika, si amini,
-a mashaka, -a kubadsis-badtl:.

Uncertainty, n. mashaka, mabads-
li, &c.

Unchain, v. fungulia minyororo.

Unchangeable, a. -stobadsiika, thabi-
ti, halt moja.

Unohurch, v. ondosha kanisani, ha-
rimisha.

(of

toa kitu-

488

UNCOUTH

| Uncial, a. (-a harufu zilizotumika

katika maandiko ya zamani).
Uneircumoision, n. kutotahiriwa,
kuwa na govi.
Unoivil, a. -s:0 adabu, si heshima.
Uncivilized, a. -a kishenzi.
Unelasp, v. fungua, fumbua.
Unole, n. mjomba | wa-); (mother’s
brother) baba mdogo ; (father's bro-
ther) amu.
Unclean, a. -koo, -a takataka, -na-
jist.
Uncleanness, n. uchafu, janaba,
ukoo, ujusi.
Unoloak, v. funua, onyesha wasi.
Unolose, v. fumbua, fungua.
Unclothe, v. vua, vulia nguo.
Unooil, v. Zegesa age) mapinds ;
(straighten) nyosha, fundua,
Uncomfortable, a. -szofaa, si -surt,
-stotengenea, -siotulia.
Uncommon, a. -gent, ajabu, -a shi-
dda, bora, -a peke yake.

-Unconoern, n. skavu wa macho,

uzembe.

Unconoerned, a. -kavu wa macho,
sembe.

Unconditional, a, kalisi, kabisa,
pasipo neno la zayidi, bila ma-
sharti.

Unconditioned, a. -a kupila akili
zote, -a astlt, halisi, kamili.

Unconformable, a. -stolahana sawa
(miamba), -stotabikiana.

Uneconscionable, a. kupila kiasi,
mno kabisa.

Unconscious, a. -enyi Uncon-
sciousness; -st0fahamika, [astone
MWENYEWE, astjue MWENYEWE |.

Unconsciousness, n. (ignorance)
kutofahamu, ujinga, kutojua;
(absence of mind) kusinsia aki-
4; (fainting condition) kusimia
roho.

Unconstitutional, a. st kwa sheria
ya inchi, si kwa kawaida ya ser-
kali, -a kuasi, -a kuhalifu, -sio
haki.

Uncouple, v. fungulia, achanisha.

Uncouth, a. jinga, -baya, -geni,

shenzi,

Ff

“UNOOVER

Uncover, v. funua, weka wast.

Unetion, n. kupaka mafuta; (in
speech) [esemajt wa bidit na
nguvu|.

Unctuous, a.
-O70r0.

Unoultivated, a. -stolimwa, -stote-
NEENESWA ; (mind) -sio na elimu,
jinga.

Unourl, v. kgesa, (neut.) Zegea;
(straighten) nyosha, toa mapindi.
Undaunted, a. pasipo hofu, -kavu

wa macho.

Undeceive, v. fumbua [mtu] macho,
eleza.

Undeniable,
mashaka.

Under, adv. ma prep. chini [ya];
(less than) -dogo[-chache, -pungufu]
kuliko; (in state of) Awa, katika.
enyi; ‘(on condition of) kwa sharti
ya. Under arms, -enyi se/aha, ta-
yari kwa vita, Under fire, katika
kupigana, vilani mwenyewe. Un-
der foot, chini. Under sail, kwa
matanga. Under sentence, kafika
athabu, Be under weigh, (of ship)
enda. Get under weigh, ng'oa
nanga, tweka.

Underbred, a. -shenzt, -a himasha-
mba, -jinga.

Undercurrent, n. mkondo wa chini;
(of meaning) maana ya siri.

Underdone, a. (not well cooked)
“bichi,

Undergo, v.(p.t. Underwent, pf. t.
Undergone), (be treated with)
tendewa, pasishwa; (endure) vu-
milia, pata, patwa na.

Undergraduate, n. mwanafunzi wa
University.

Underground, a. chini ya inchi,
chini.

Undergrowth, n. magugu, makoko,
msitu.

Underhand, a. -a kila, -danganyifu,
janja.

Underlie, v. -wa chini ya, -wa
msinjt [mwanzo, asili, maana)
wa.

Underline, v. pigia mstart chini.

<a mafuta, laini,

a. -stokanikana, pasipo

434

UNDOUBTED

Undermine, v. fukua chini (maku-
sudi kubomosha|; poteza kwa siri.

Underneath, adv. na prep. chini
(ya).

Underrate, v. rahisisha, thant hafi-
fu, tusha.

Undersell, v. uza rahisi kuliko.

Understand, v. (p. t.#a pf. t. Under-
stood) fahamu, tambua, sikia;
(take for granted) | fahamu pasipo
kuambiwa, sikia maana pasipo
neno|, 1 do not understand you,
sisikii vema, sifahamu, sielewi ma-
ana, umenifumba maneno. It is
understood (assumed), ndiyo ma-
ana halisi, imekubalika.

Understanding, n. aki; (agree-
ment) mapatano, shauri moja.

Understate, v. punguza.

Understood, p.t. 2a pf. t. ya Under-
stand.

Undertake, v. (p. t. Undertook,
pf. t. Undertaken) dirikt, jifunga
kwa, jaribia ; (promise) ahids, toa
ahadi ; (begin) anza, shika, ingia.

Undertaker, n. mwenyi kutengeneza
maziko, mzishi |wa-|, mpambaji.

Undertaking, n. shughuli, jambo,
kazi ; (pledge, engagement) sharti,
daraka, ahadi. Give an under-
taking for, jifunga kwa, fanyia
daraka | sharti |, thamantsha,

Undertone, n. sauti ndogo.

Undertook, p. t. ya Undertake.

Undervalue, v. = Underrate.

Underwent, p. t. ya Undergo.

Underwood, n. makoko, Magugu,
msifu.

Underwriter, n. mlozi jukum.

Undeveloped, a. -visa, -enyt kuvia,
-stosttawt, -stokua vema.

Undid, p. t. ya Undo.

Undivided, a. -stogawanyika, -moja,
zima, -ote.

Undo, v. (p.t. Undid, pf. t. Une
done) tangua, fundua, funua, fu
ngua, feleli ; (a bundle, &c.) fufua;
(stitches) fumua; (plaits of hair)
funguza; (ruin) angamiza, poteza.

Undoubted, a. -a hakika, halisi,
billa shaka.

UNDOUBTEDLY

Undoubtedly, adv. gasipo shaka,
hapana budds.

Undress, v. vua (vusha] nguo.

Undue,a.-akadirs tstvyofaa,si kadiri.

Undulate, v. (| fanya Undulation,
-a kuwa Undulating)|.

Undulation, n. (mwendo wa wimbi,
hali ya kuinuka na kushuka kama
mawimbt, vilima na bonde); (risin
ground) kidulta |vi- |, kilima |vi- ia

Undulatory, Undulating, a. -4
Undulation.

Unduly, adv. mno, kidogo, si sawa,
si kwa haki.

Unearth, v. fukua, funua.

Unearthly, a. sz -a dunia hit, -a
peponi, -a shetani, -zuri sana, -ba-
ya sana,

Uneasiness, n. mashaka, utukutu,
uthia.

Uneasy, a. si -a raha, si -tultvu,
-tukutu, -a mashaka.

‘Unequal, a. 52 sawa.

Unerring, a. -stokosa, -a hakika.

Unessential, a. sz kanuni, si -a
maana sana.

Uneven, a, si sawa.

Unevenness, n. kuwa Uneven.

Unexact, a. st halisi, -enyi makosa.

Unexampled, a. -sio na kifani, -a
peke yake.

Unexceptionable, a. -surt, -eupe,
-safi, -sto na laumu.

Unexpected, a. -4 ghdfula, -siotaza-
muwa.

Unfailing, a. -2 dayima, -siokwisha.

Unfair, a, si sawa, st -a haki.

Unfaithful, a. si amini.

Unfasten, v. fungua.

Unfeeling, a. -sto na huruma.

Unfeigned, a. -a kweli, halisi.

Unfetter, v. fungua | pingu|.

Unfinished, a. -stokwisha, st kamili.

Unfit, a. -siofaa, thatfu, baya.

—— v. fanya Unfit.

Unfix, v. fungua, legeza, toa.

Unflinching, a. -stolegea, -stokinebia,
-stoshindwa, thabits, -gumtu.

Unfold, v. kunjua, funua.

Unforeseen, a, -stotasamiwa, -a
ghdfala,

485 .

UNIMPBACHABLE

Unformed, a. -bichi, -changa, -sto:
kamili.

Unfortunate, a. -2 bahali mbaya, -4
msiba, -a shart, maskini.

Unfrequented, a. pasipopita watu
wengi, -kiwa.

bahay reads a. -4 adui, St -a rafiki,
-kali

Unfruitful, a. -stozaa sana, -a burrt.

Unfurl, v. fungua, kunjua; ; (of sail,
flag, Sec. kweka.

Unfurnished, a. (house, apartments)
tupu, -siopambwa.

Ungainly, a. sz -surt, -zt¢o.

Ungenerous, a, si karimu, si bora.

Ungodly, a. sz -cha Muungu, -baya.

Ungovernable, a. -stosusltkana, -4
nguvu MNO.

Ungraceful,a. 52 -suri, st -a madaha.

Ungracious, a. St -ema, St -2uri, St
adabu, st jamala.

Ungrateful, a. -sto na shukrani.

Unguarded, a. billa hathari, -siolt-
ndwa. In an unguarded moment,
billa kufikiri, ghdfula.

Unguardedly, adv. kwa ujinga.

Unguent, n. mafuta.

Unhallowed, a. -4 shetani, “najisi,
“baya.

Unhappy, a. -a huzuni, -a msiba.

Unbarness, v. fandua, fungulia.

Unhinge, v. ondoa mahali pake;
(perplex) fathaisha.

Unholy, a. -najisi, -chafu, -a she-
tant,

Unhook, v. fungua, toa katika
ndoana, tungua.

Unhorse, v. rusha [angusha] juu
ya frasi,

Unicorn, n. (nyama wa ajabu, kama
frasi mwenyi pembe moja\.

Unification, n. tufanya | kufanyika)
-moja, kuungamanisha.

Uniform, a. -a mfano mmoja, sawa-
sawa.

——n. (kivao cha asikari na watu
wa serikali ao watumishi |.

Uniformity, n. kuwa sawa, kuwa
mfano mmoja, umoja.

Unimpeachable, a. -eupe, safi, -sio-
laumtka,

Ff2

UNCOL

‘Unoover, v. funua
Unetion, n. kupu
speech) [usenu:

ngeneswa; (mi

"jinga.
Unourl, v. de
(straighten) 7;
‘Undaunted, a.
wa macho.
Undeoeive, v. /
eleza,
Undeniable, «
mashaka.

, 7

ton.
io
‘Ger
ae
then
ee
|

UNORGANIZED

‘organized, a. -stolengeneswa,
“rattbu,
pack, v. fungua misigo | vyombo).
paralleled, a. -sto ma kifani, -a
ske yake.

‘pick, v. fumua,

‘pleasant, Unpleasing, a. -daya,
stopendeza, -a kuchukiza, -su-
"buf te.

1polite, a, 53 adabu, -fithuls,

practical, a. st -a amali, Si

-lendajt.

‘uprecedented, a. -s20 na kifans, -a
peke yake.

‘nprejudiced, a.-sfofendelea, sawa,
-a haki, -eupe.
nprincipled, a
mbaya.
,nguestionable, a. ipo shaka,

hakika halisi, ance ad
Jnguiet, a. sz -tulsun, -tukutu.
yuravel, v. fungua, fumua; (ex-
plain) fafanua, eleza.
Jnready, a. -szto, si -Jekevu.

Jnreal, a. st -2 hakika, kama ndoto,

kama kivuli.

Unreality, n. kuwa Unreal.

Unreasonable, a. si kwa akili,

-pumbafu.

Unregenerate, a. -stoongoka, [-sio-

saliwa marra ya pili kwa Bap-

- Potofu, -a tabia

Unrelenting, a.-stotubu, -stoachilia,
-kalt, -gumu sana.

Unreliable, a. si amini, -janja, si
yakini.

Unremitting, a. -siolegea, -a kufu-
lisa, -a kudumu,

Unreserved, a. wasi, -kunjufu

Unrighteous, a. -daya, -thalimu, -a
thambi.

Unripe, a, -Dichi, -changa,

Unrivalled, a. -siopilika, -sio na
kifani, bora. peke yake, -a kupita
Vyote.

Unrobe, v. vua [vulia] nguo, (neut.)
vua nguo.

Unroll, v. funua.

Unruffied, a. -/ultivu, -a shwari, -a

raha.
Unruly, a. -kaidi, -tundu, -iukutu.

437
st; Unsaddle, v. ‘andua, ondoa mrata-

UNSTABLE

ndiko | ya frasi, &c. |.
Unsaleable, a. -stoustka, -siousanya,
~Stopata mnunuzi.
Unsay, v. (p. t. a pf. t. Unsaid)
gtuza maneno, rudisha maneno.
Unsorew, v. toa Screw, kongoa.:
Unacrupulous, a. -folce, -kavu wa
macho, -baya sana.
Unseal,v. vunja muhuri wa, fungua,

funua.

Unsearchable, a. -siofafutikana, -a
siri,

Unseasonable, a. -2 wakati pasipo

faa, si wakati wake.

Unseat, v. ondosha katika mahali

pake, rusha juu ya frass.

Unseemly, a. -sivyofaa, -sivyo vi-
zuri, St wajibu.

Unseen, a, -stoonckana.

Unsettle, v. <akarakisha, Sathatsha,
suka, sumbua.

Unsettled, a. asipo kituo, -tukutu,
SEUZE,

Unsew, v. shonua, Sumua,

Unshaken, a. thabiti, imara, -stoti-
kisika,

Unsheathe, v. vafa, toa.

Unship, v. shusha chomboni, ondo-
sha kakika mahali pake.

Unskilfal, a. st -deke/u, si hodari,
-stojua kasi.

Unskilfulness, n. ujinga, uztto.

Unslaked, a. (lime) -stot:wa maji;
(thirst, &c.) -stoztmika, -stort-
thika.

Unsociable, Unsooial, a. -stopenda
mazungumzo ya watu, mkaa pekee,
mkataa usafiki.

Unsolder, v. /egesa lshamu.

Unsophisticated, a. -stoharvbika,
sima, halisi.

Unsound, a. sé -sima, si amini, -pu-

Unsparing, a. (generous) -karimu,
-pajt; (cruel) -stoachslia, -kali.

Unspeakable, a, -stonenckana, -aku-
pita kunenwa.

Unspotted, a. pasiZo mawaa, -eupe,

safi.
Unstable, a. si thabiti, si imara,

UNSTITCH

“geuzi, kigeugeu.
(variable), haina kituo.
Unstitch, v. shonua, fumua.
Unstudied, a. -a ujinga, -sto maku-
sudi, -a asili.
Unsubstantial, a. st hakika, kama
ndoto, kama kivuli, hafifu, ovyo.
Unsuccessful, a. -stofanikiwa, si -a
heri.

Unsymmetrioal, a. si -lingantfu, st
taratibu.

Unsympathetic, a. sz -enyt huruma,
st -a kupendana.

Unthatch, v.ezua paa, ondoa makuti.

Unthinking, a. -aharaka, -pumbafu,
-billa kufikiri, ovyo.

Untidy, a. . -Stotengenea, si taratibu,

koo.

Untie, v. fungua, fundua.

Until, conj. sa prep. hatta, mpaka.”

Untimely, a. -a wakati pasipofaa, st
wakatt wake,

Unto, prep. = To, kwenda kwa, hatta.

Untoward, a. (perverse) -kaidt, -po-
toe; (unfortunate) -stofaa, -a husu-
mbua.

Untrained, a. Softindishwa,, jinga;
(of animals) -srofugik

Untrue, a. sé kweli, st hakika, UWONGO.

Untruth, n. wongo.

Untruthful, a. -2 kusema uwongo, si

amini, He is untruthful, sana
kauli moja,

Unuturn, v. Leave no stone unturned,
Jaribia njia zote,

Untwine, Untwist, v. fumua.

Unusual, a. -geni, ajabu, si -a de-
turi.

Unutterable, a.
kupita kunenwa.

Unveil, v. funua.

Unwarrantable, a. St -enyt sababu,

| gt-0 akili, si -a haki,

Unwary, a. st -enyt hathari, -jinga.

Unwearied, a. sz -legevu, -stochoka,
-a kudumu,

Unweave, v. (p. t. Unwove, pf. t.
Unwoven) /umua.

“Stonenechkana, -a

Unwelcome, a. -daya, -stopendesa.
Unwell, a. -gonjwa, I am unwell,
siwezi.

488
It is unstable Unwieldy, a. -zito (kwa kuwa -ku-

UP

Unwilling, a. -siofaka, -stopenda, si
-Cpesi, -kokotevu.

Unwind, v. (p. t. a pf. t. Un-
wound), Sumua, fungua.

Unwisdon, n. upumbafu, ujinga.

Unwise, a. si -a akili, -pumbafu.

Unwitting, a. pasi~o kujua, -a uji-

nga.

Unwonted, a. -gemi, ajabu, si -a de-
sturt.

Unworthy, a. -stostahsis.

Unwound, p.t. za pf. t. ya Unwind.

Unwove, p.t. (Unwoven pf. t.) ya
Unweave.

Unwreathe, v. fumua.

Unwritten, a. -sioandikwa, -a kufa-
hamika kwa akili tu, -a desturi
[sé sheria ).

Unyoke, v. fungulia.

Up, adv. yuu; (increased) zayidi ;
(equal) sawa; (wholly) pia; (aside)
mbali. Beup, (awake) am'ka; (on
horseback) Janda frasi ; (erect) si-
mama ; (of liquids) toa povu. It is
all up with, -mesalimtka ajali,
-Meangamss, mekwisha, Time is
up, saa imekwisha.
sana. Be up to, (work) Ti) ea kiba kwa ;
(time) wahi; (tricks) St shindwa.
Blow up,vunja kwa baruti, (rebuke)
kemea-sana, Come up with, patia,
Jikia. Cut up, katakata. Draw up,
(write) andika; (stop) twa, sima-
ma. Eat up, la yote. Grow up,
komaa, pevuka, kua. Give up, zoa,
acha, shindwa. Ups and downs,
mageuzi ya hali, heri na shari,
mapinduzi. Whatisup? kunani! ?
Go up, (ascend) panda; (increase)
zidi, kwea, Lay up, weka akiba.
Knock up, chosha sana, legeza ngu-
vu, tia ugonjwa; (neut.) choka
sana, ugua. Get up, (learn) jifu-

; (rise) ondoka. Up in arms,
"enyi hasira, tayari kupigana.

—— prep. jus ya. Up a tree, (in
difficulties) katika mashaka. Up
to the eyes, Jia, kabisa. Be up to
the eyes in, jaa, songwa na. Up

UPBRAID

.to the mark, -ztma, tayari. Upto
anything, #odars sana, -jasirt,
-gumu. Go up the country, enda
barra, enda safari, enda inchi za
juu. Go up a river, kala maji,
pita mtoni.

Upbraid, v. kemea, laumu.

Up country, adv. Go up country,
enda mpanda, enda barra.

Upheld, p. t. za pf. t. ya Uphold.

Uphill, a. -a shidda, -gumu, -zilo.

Uphold, v. (p. t. #a pt. t. Upheld)
tetea, shindania, saytdia.

Upholsterer,n. mwuza Upholstery.

Upholstery, n. pambo la nyumba.

Upland, n. inch: tliyoinuka, vilima.

Uplift, v. inua, pandisha, kweza,

Upon, prep. /#4 ya, =On.

Upper, a. -a juu, bora. The upper
classes, wangwana, matajire.

Upper-hand, n. kushinda, nguvu,
hukumu.

Uppermost, a. -4 juu kabisa, bora.

Upright, a. -a kusimama sawa, -a

_ kiwimawima; (honest) -a kaki
amini, -nyofu.

Uprightnoss, n. kuwa Upright.

Uproar, n. makelele, uthia, fujo.

Uproarious, ‘a. -4 Uproar.

Uproot, v. ng'oa, ondosha pia.

Upset, v. (p. t. na pf. t. Upset) ?i-
ndua, pindukiza.

Upshot, n. mwesho.

Upside, n. upande wa juu. Tum
upside down, pinduu, fudikiza.
Upside down, jus chini, fudifudt.

be oie n. mgeni [wa-|, mpasi

wa-).

Up-stream, adv. kwa kukata maji,
kwenda juu.

Upward,a.-a kwenda juu; (aspiring)
-a kutaka mema.

—— , Upwards, adv. jue. Upwards
of, sayidi ya.

Urban, a. -a mji, -a mjini.

Urbane, a. -enyz Urbanity.

Urbanity, n. adabu, utu mwema,
upole.

Urchin, n. mtoto, kijana.

Urge, v. (request) siki sana, omba-
omba, chagtza, shurutisha, syenya ;

439

UTENSIL

(press forward) endesha mbele,
sukuma.

Urgency, n. b:idtt, lasima.

Urgent, a. -a@ /azima, -a maana, -a
Juhudi, -a shidda.

Urinal, n. fa kukojolea, pa kutaba-
wali.

Urinary, a. -a mkojo.

Urine, n. mkojo, choo cha mbele.

Urn, n. (chombo kirefu cha udongo
ao batt, cha kulilia maji, chayt,
kahawa, Sc.) chombo (vy-].

Us, pron, sész, (in comp.) -¢#-.
Usage, n. desturi, kawaida, mazoea ;
(use) ufumi, utumifu, matumizi.
Use, n. matumizi, utumt, tumio, utu-
msshi, kazi; (advantage) fayida ;
(custom) aesturt; (need) uhitaji.
Make use of, Zumia, tuma. Be of
use, faa. Lose the use ot (limb, &c.),

posesha, posa.

—— v. tumia; (treat) tendea. Use
up, maliza, kwisha -ote, poteza,
tumtha mbali. It is used up,
imetumikana, Used to work,
-s0evu |-20elevu) -a kazi.

Used (Be), v. zoea, soelea. I used
to go, desturi yangu nalikwenda,
huenda. It used to be so, ilikuwa
hivi zamani. I am used to him,
nina mazoea naye.

Useful, a. -a kufaa, -a kutumika.
Useful things, vifaa.

Usefulness, n. kuwa Useful.

Useless, a.-siofaa,-sto na kasi, -bovu.

Uselessness, n. kuwa Useless.

Usher, n. mkufunzi mdogo.

v. -wa mjumbe wa, peleka, leta,
ingiza.

Usual, a. -a desturi, -a kutumikana ;
in verbs) #u-. It is usual to go,
uenda.

Usually, adv. desturt, huwa, siku

nyingi.

Usurer, n. mla riba | wa-|.

Usurious, a. -4 riba, -a kula riba.

Usurp, v. nyang'anya | usultani, uli.
wali, nguvu, Sc.|.

Usurpation, n. kunyang'anya.

Usury, n. treba, riba.

Utensil, n. chombo [vy-}.

UTILITARIAN 440 VALUBLESS
Utilitarian, a. -a Utilitarianism ; ndani, hali ya kuwa hamna kilu
-a kutafuta fayida. cho chote), uwazi.

Utilitarianism, n. | kusema," kifaacho
halisi ndicho kilicho chema halisi” |,

Utility, n. kufaa, Jayida, matumizi.

Utilise, v. tumia, fay tds, chumsa.

Utmost, a. -a kwisha,-a mbali sana,
-a juy sana; (entire, whole) kabisa,
kalisi, haswa. Utmost limit, kipeo,
kikomo, mpaka, ncha, pembe. To
the utmost, alta mwisho, swesavyo
sana.

Utopian, a. bora mno, -a heri mno,
labuda peponi, si -a ulimwengu
huu, -a ndoto, -a kuota ndoto.

Utter, v. toa, enea, nena.

—— a. kabisa, pia, halisi, -tupu,

Utterance, n. «semt, Maneno.

Utterly, adv. kabisa, pia.

Uttermost, a. -a kwisha, = Utmost.
Uttermost part, pembe, ncha.

Uvula, n. kidaka tonge.

Uxorious, a. |-enyi shauko sana na
mkewe).

V.

Vacanoy,n. kuwa -fupu, pasipo kazi;
(leisure) kujikalia, faragha; (in-
terval) nafasi wasi, nafasi kati;
(post unfilled) patakwapo mtu.

Vacant, a. -/upu, pasipo kitu, pasipo
mtu, pasipo kasi, pasipo mawazo,
-a ujinga.

Vacate, v. acha, ondoka katika;
(annul) Zangua.

Vacation, n. kwacha, kutangua;
(holiday) muda wa kucheza (wa ku-
pumzika, wa kuachiwa kasi |, likizo.

Vaccinate, v. chanjia ndui.

Vaccination, n. kuchanjia ndui,

Vaccine,n. | dawa ya kuchanjiandui)|.

Vacillate, v. sitasita, tangatanga,
badilibadili , ukageuka.

Vacillation, n. kusitasita, dic.

Vacuity, n. uwast, kuwa -tupu,
mahali pasipo kitu, patupu, nafasi
wazi ; (folly) ujinga.

Vacuous, a. -/upu, -4 ujin,

Vacuum, n. | makali pasipo kitu, hali
ya chombo kilichoondolewa hewa ya

Vagabond,n. (aliye hana kwao,hana
mbele wala nyuma), mtoro Lwa-1,
mtembezi,

Vagary, n. upumbafu, kucheza, ma-
badili,

Vagina, n. kuma, uke.

Vagrancy, n. kuwa Vagabond.

Vagrant, n. = Vagabond.

Vague, a. -a mashaka, si thahiri, st
hakika, st yakini, -a kusitasita.

Vagueness, n. kuwa Vague.

Vain, a. (useless) -‘upu, -a burre,
nsiofag | ; (foolish, fanciful) kama
ndoto, ‘-pumbafu ; (conceited) -a
kujiona, -a umalidadi, -a fahari.

Vainglorious, a. -4 Vainglory, -a
kujisifu.

Vainglory, n. kujiona, kuona makuu,
kujifahirisha.

Vale, n. donde.

Valediction, n. kuaga, kusema‘ kua
heri,' kuagana ; (final) buriani.
Valedictory, a. -a kuaga, -a kua-

gana.

Valet, n. mtumishi [wa-], boi.

Valetudinarian, a. -gonjwa, -weli.

Valiant, a. -shujaa, jasiri, -gumu,
-hodari, -a moyo,

Valid, a. -a nguvu, thabiti, -enyi
sababu, -a akili; (of legal force)
-siotanguka, kwa sheria.

Validity, n. nguvu, uthabili, Sc.

Valise, n. mfuko, bahasha kubwa.

Valley, n. donde.

Valorous, a. -enyi Valour.

Valour, n. ushujaa, ujasiri, moyo
mgumu.

Valuable, a. -a thamani, -a tunu,
bora sana, -a heshima, -a kufaa.
Valuation, n. kukadirisha, hesabu

ya thamans.

Value, n. kima, bet, thamani, kiasi,
kadiri, upataji, uthani, Seta value
on, = ‘Value, v.

v. kadirisha, hesabu thamani
ya; (esteem) heshimu, ona tunu,
tunuka, thant bora.

Valueless, a. hafifu, -siofaa, taka.

ovyo.

VALVE

Valve, n. kilango [vi-}; (of door)
(ubase mmoja wa miango).

Vampire, n. popo kubwa {la kufyo-
nza damu ya watu wakisinsia\.

Van, n. (front) upande wa mbele,
sehemu ya mbele; (waggon) gari
kubwa la mizigo.

Vandal, n. |(mpolfezi mjinga na
mshenzi), mkataba kwa.

Vandalism, n. | kupotesa kwa ujinga
na ushenzi).

Vane, n. | kipande juu ya mnara cha
kuonyesha pepo zavumapi|.

Vanguard, n. watangulizi | wa jeshi
la asikari), asikari wa mbele,

Vanish, v. sowcka, enda sake | zao,
&c.], fifia ; (be absorbed) nywewa,
-Hiwa; (end) kwisha.

Vanity, n. (futility) wdatdd2, matupu,
upuzi; (conceit) kujiona, maji-
vuno, umalidadt, kiburi.

Vanquish, v. shinda, piga, tiisha.

Vanquisher, n. mshindaji, mshindi.

Vantage, n. = Advantage.

Vapid, a. -dufu, -sito, baridi.

Vapidity, n. kuwa Vapid.

Vaporise, v. fanya moshi (mvuke],
Jukisa, geusa mvuke.

Vapour, n. (as steam) mvuke;
(smoke) moshi ; (exhalation) mvu-
kuto; (mist) wnande, ukungu.
Vapour bath, mafusho, mafukizo.

Variability, n. kwa Variable.

Variable, a. -a kugeuka, -a kubadi-
lika, -enyi mageuzi.

Variance, n. #gomvi, fitina, kubi-
shana, At variance (with), sz sa-
wa (na), -stopatana (na), mbali

na}.

vention, n. ugeusé | ma-), kubadi-
hika, tofauti.

“Varicose, a. -a huvimba,-a kinundu-
nundu.

Varied, a. -a namna nyingi, mbali-
mbali, -ngine -ngine.

Variegated, a. -a rangi nyingi mba-
limbali, rangirangs.

Variety, n. (difference) tofauti, ku-
wa mbalimbali ; (collection) jami:
[ya vitu mbalimbali); (species)
(kitu kimoja chenyi tofauti ki-

441

VEGETATION

dogo), namna; (many kinds) n#a-

mna nyingi.

Various, a. mbalimbali,
ngine, ingi.

Varnish, n. rangi ya. sandarusi,
rangi angafu.

—— vy. paka Varnish.

Vary, v. geusa, badilisha, (neut.)
geuka, badilika, -wa mbalimbali,
-wa pangine hivi pangine hivi.

Vascular, a. |-enyi mishipa, vitu-
ndu, nyweleo, &c., ndani yake,
enyi ndani matengeneo ya kitu
chenyi uzima).

Ya n. (chombo cha kutilia maji,
8c.

ngine

Vassal, n. rayia, mtumwa | wa-),
mtu | wa-).

Vast, a. -kubwa mno, -ingi mno.

Vastly, adv. sana, mno.

Vat, n. pipa | ma- |) kubwa.

Vault, n. (roof) kuba, sege; (cellar)
chumba kilichofukuliwa chini);
(grave) kaburi |ma- |); (jump) ru-
ko (ma-|).

—~ v. fanya kuba juu ya; (jump)
ruka.
a, enyi kuba, kama

Vaunt, v. jivuna, jisifu, jigamba.

—— n. majisifu, neno | ma-) kuu.

Ves), n. nyama ya ndama wa ng'o-
mbe,

Veda, n. | vitabu vitakatifu vya kale
vya Wahindi).

Vedette, n. mlinzi mpanda frasi,
mpelelezi.

Veer, v. geukageuka, badilibadili,
zingazinga; (tack) fanya mbisho.
Vegetable, n. mboga. Vegetable

marrow, #munye [ma-]. The vege-

_ table kingdom, | vyenyi kumea vyote
jamii), miti, mimea.

—— a. -a Vegetation, -enyi kumea.

Vegetarian, n. (mla mboga tu, asi-
yekula nyama wala samaki yo
yote).

Vegetate, v. ofa, mwa; (be idle)
kula na kulala, jikalta,

Vegetation, n. oto, olo [ma-],
mmea |mi-), majani mili maua

VEHEMENCHE 442

jamii; (idle life) maisha ya kula
na kulala. '

Vehemence, n. juhudi, bidiz, nguvu,
hasira,

Vehement, a, -a juhudi, &c.

Vehicle, n. gari | ma-); (instrument,
means) | kifu cha kupelekea, chombo
cha kuchukua, cha kueneza) njia,
chombo [vy-].

Vehicular, a. -4 magari.

Veil, n. wtaji; (woman's) shela;
(covering) kifuniko.

—— v. (draw a veil over) funika
kwa Veil, setirt, ficha.

Vein, n. mshipa |mi-) wa damu;
(in leaf) w2¢ [my-]; (in rock) da-
mba la jiwe, ufa mwambani, mtia ;
(kind, quality) mamna, tabia, moyo,
maana. A comic vein, mzaka,
mchezo.

Vellum, n. [29022 ya waana mbuzi
na kondoo ya kuandikia kama
karatasi).

Velocity, n. mwendo, mwendo wa
mbio.

Velvet, n. (nguo laini nyororo ya
manyoya), kiluthu.

Velvety, a. kama Velvet.

Venal, a. -a kupatikana kwa fetha,
-a kufanya vyo vyote kwa fayida,
-a kula rushwa.

Venality, n. kuwa Venal, kula ru-
'shwa.

Vend, v. uza.

Veneer, n. |kibau chembamba sana
cha mti mzuri cha kubandikiwa
Juu ya mbau si nzuri); (show)
uzuri wa nje, urembo,

v. 22a Veneer.

Veneering, n. kutia Veneer.

Venerable, a. -a heshima, -tukufu,
-a kuslahiwa.

. Venerate, v. heshimu, tukuza, jali,

stanri,

Veneration, n. heshima, ustahifu. —
Venereal, a. -a mambo ya asherats,
Venereal disease, sekenchko, tego.
Venesection, n. kukata mshipa wa

damu.
Vengeance, n. kisasi. Take venge-
ance, /ipiza kisasi, jilipiza,

VERBOSITY

Vengeful, a. -a kisasi, -kalt.

Venial, a. -a kusamecheka, -dogo,
-cpest, -a kuachika.

veer n. nyama ya Deer | paca,
&c. j.

Venom, n. sumu | ya nyoka, ya mdu-
du); (spite) ukali.

Venomous, a. -4 sumu, -kali.

Vent, n. tundu[ma-], kitundu(vé-],
pa kutokea; (of gun) &tfa. Give
vent to, Zoa, onyesha.

v. toa nje, toa wazi.

Ventilate, v. pisha baridi, pungia
hewa, pepea, burudisha, fanya upe-
Bo; (spread abroad) enesa, tangaza.

Ventilation, n. kupisha baridi, &c.;
kutangaa, kujulikana sana.

Ventilator, n. [‘undu ao pepeo la
teins baridi, &c.|, mwangaza

mi-).

Ventriloquism, n. (kutoa sauti tu-
mboni kama ya mtu wa huko mbali
akisema, kudanganya kwa saut: |.

Ventriloguist, n. mfanya Ventrilo-
guism.

Ventriloguize, v. fanya Ventrilo-
guism.

Venture, v. thubutu, jasiri, jipa
moyo, jihatirisha, bahatisha; (risk)
hatirisha.

n. bahati, hatari, jambo la ba-
hati, jambo la hatari.

Venturesome, Venturous, a. -jasi-
rt, -a moyo mgumu, hodari.

Venus, n. (planet) zura, ng'andu.

Veracious, a. -a kusema kweli, -a
kwels.

Veracity, n. kuwa Veracious, usa-
diki,

Veranda, n. (baraza ya nyumba,
yenyi nguzo na kufunikwa juu).
Verb, n. |(in grammar) neno la kuo-

nya tendo ao halt).

Verbal, a. -4 Verb, kwa kunena tu
[st kuandika), -a maneno yenyewe
halisi, -a maneno tu |si ya maana).

Verbiage, n. maneno mengi ya burre
[ya ovyo), domo.

Verbose, a. -a maneno mengi.

Verbosity, n. kuloa maneno mengi,
kupiga domo.

VERDANT

Verdant, 2. -4 majani mazuri | ma-
bichi, ya chanikiwitt |, -a kusitawi ;
(Gnexperienced) jinga, -stojua ma-
mobo,

Verdict, n. (legal sentence) Aukumu
[ya kathi akiamua), hukumu ya
kukata maneno, maamuzi; (de-
cision) jibu, shauri, neno, wosia.

Verdigris, n. kufu ya shaba.

Verdure, n. majani mabichi ya
chanthiwili, majani, mimea, mili,

Verge, n. #kingo, kando; (limit)
mpaka, mwisho. On the verge of,
(near) karibu ya, katika.

—— v. inama, elekea, taka kuwa,
wa karibu.

Verger, n. [mfunsa vitu kanisani,
mngoje wa mkuu wa Cathedral}.

Verifiable, a. -2 kuhaktktha, -a
huthubutika,

Verification, n. kuhakiki, huthubu-
tisha.

Verify, v. hakiht, hakikisha, thubu-
tisha,

Verily, adv. kweli.

Verisimilitude, n. kuonekana kama.
kweli.

Veritable, a. -a kweli, -a hakika,
halisi.

Verity, n. #akika, kanuni, kuwa
kweli, kweli.

Vermicelli, n. (unga uliofanyiswa
kuwa kama nyuzi |, tambi.

Vermicular, a. -4 funza, -a mchango

mt-\.

viemifugo, n. (dawa ya kuloa mi-
chango tumboni).

Vermilion,n.wekundu | kama damu).

Vermin, n. (nyama ao mdudu mbaya
wa kuumiza ao wa kusumbua |.

Vernacular, a. [maneno| ya inchi
yenyewe, | lugha | ya watu wenyewe.

Vernal, a. -a wakati wa Spring.

Vernier, n. (kipande cha kupimia
urefu wa vitu vidego vidogo|.

Versatile, a. hodari kwa kazi zo wote,
-enys akili nyepesi; (changeful)
-geust, si thabiti, -badififu.

Versatility, n. kuwa Versatile.

448

VETO

mawili, manne, sila, Sic.J; (of
Koran, £c.) aya.

Versed (in), a.
maarifa ya.

Versify, v. funga mashairi, geuza
[Auwa] mashairi.

Version, n. fafsir:; (account) maneno.
That is his own version of it, ndivyo
anavyosema mwuenyewe.

Vertebra, n. fundo la uti wa
MaAUNZO.

Vertebrate,.a. -enyi uti wa maungo.

Vertex, n. ncha ya juu, kilele,
kipeo.

Vertical, a. -2 kwenda juu [ao chini |
sawasawa, -a kusimama sawa, -a
kiwimawima ; (overhead) kichwa-
Nt, JUU.

Vertigo, n. kizunguzungu.

Very, adv. sana, kabisa,

Vesicle, n. kitundu kidogo | katika
mwili ao mti|.

Vespers, n. [sala za saa thenashara

Jioni).

Vessel, n. chombo [vy-]; (ship, &c.)
chombo, jahazi, merikebu ; rm?
&c.) mshipa | mi-), kitundu |vi-|.

Vest, n. | kisibau cha kwapa kizungu,

fulana|.

v. (dress) vika, jivika; (entrust)
weka, wekea. Vested right, hak:
imara, haki ya daima.

Vestibule, n. ukumbi, sébule.

Vestige, n. alama, dalili ; (track)
nyayo, utambazi.

Vestment, n. vazi [ma-] la dini,
vazi.

Vestry, n. | chumba cha kuvalia uguo
kanisani ; (parish council) davasa
ya watu watunza mambo ya kani-
sa}.

Vesture, n. wazi jaa).

Veteran, n. (soldier) mzoefu wa
vita, mjuzi wa mambo ya vila,
msee.

Veterinary, a. -enyi elimu ya ma-
wathi za nyama.

Veto, v. kataza, gombeza, piga ru-
Suka | marufuku).

just wa, -enyi

Verse, n. shairi, mashairi, (mstari) — n. ukatazo, neno la kugombeza,

mmoja wa utenzi, fungu la mashairi

VEX

Vex, v. chokoza, sumbua, tesa, taabi-
sha, tia uchungu, ghairi.

Vexation, n. uchokozi, kusumbuka,
uchungu.

Vexatious, a. -a kuchokoza, Sc.
Vexed, a. -a kushindaniwa, -a ku-
bishaniwa maneno, -enyt matata.

Voexing, a. -2 kuchokoza, &c.

Viaduot, n. | njia tliyofanyiswa ma-
kusudi ya kupisha watu juu kwa
matao, kwa nguzo, Sc.), njia ya
Juujuu, daraja refu, ulalo.

Vial, n. kitupa |vi-|.

Viands, n. makuli, vyakula, kandi.

Viatioum, n. (| Usharika Mtakatifu
wa kufani|).

Vibrate, v. trkistka, tetemeka; (sway,
swing) ning'tnia; (alternate) da-
dili huko na huko.

Vibration, n. mictemo, kutetemeka,

Vibratory, a. -a mtelemo, Sc.

Vicar, n. kasisi (mwenyi kasi ya
kuchunga watu mahali fullani
alipoamriwa, padre wa mtaa ao
mji, mame).

Vicarage, n. nyumba ya Vicar.

Vicarious, a. mahali pa -ingine, -a
kuwa badala, -a mjumbe.

Vice, n. (carpenter's) aliwa [ma-] ;
(defect) kosa [ma-], upungufu;
(wickedness) uovu, ubaya, ufisadi;
(fornication) waskerats.

Vice-, a. -dogo, -a chini, mahali pa.

Vice-admiral, n. Admiral mdogo.

Vicegerent, Viceregent, Vice-
roy, n. kaimu |ma-), mjumbe, li-
wali,

Vicinity, n. ujirani, kuwa karibu.

Vicious, a. -baya, -ovu, -asherats ;
(animal) -kazdt, -baya. <A vicious
life, Vicious living, maisha maovu.

Vicissitudes, n. mabadils, mageuzi.

Victim, n. (sacrificial) mathkabuha,
kafara, [miu ao kitu cha kusu-
mbuka ao kuuawa ao kupatwa na
mabaya isipostahili pasipo kosa,
kama burre, kwa ajili ya mwi-
ngine); (sufferer) (mtu wa kupa-
twa na msiba ao bahali mbaya)
mvumilizi, maskini ; (dupe) wji-
nga, barathuls,

444

VILLAGE

Viotimize, v. danganya, thalimu,
tendea mabaya burre.

Victor, n. mshindaji, mshindi.

Victorious, a. -4 kushinda,
shangwe,

Victory, n. kashinda.

Victual, v. wekea akiba ya vyakula,
tolea makuli | masarufu |.

Viotuala, n. vyakula, makuli, ri-
ziki.

Vie, v. shindana, -wa karibu sawa.

View, v. sazama, angalia, aua, bagua,
kagua, Aktrt.

—— n. kutazama, kuangalia, kuona;
(range) upeo wa macho; (scene)
(jamii ya vitu vilivyo mbele ya
macho, sura ya ulimwengu, kuone-
kana vitu); (picture) sanamu ;
(opinion) mza, shauri; (mental
range) ufahamu. Come into view,
onckana. Be in view, Be in full
view, oneka, fafanuka, -wa wazi
wazi, -wa mbele ya macho, Have
in view, kumbuka, kusudia, asimu,
In (within) view, mbele ya macho.
In view of, kwa maana ya, kwa
habari ya. With a view to, kwa
maana ya, kwa kusudi la, ili.

Viewlesa, a. -szoonekana.

Vigil, n. kesha | ma-); (eve) siku ya
mbele | ya siku kuu),

Vigilance, n. kuwa macho, hathari,
uangalifu.

Vigilant, a. macho, -angalifu, -enyi
hathari.

Vigneotte, n. |sanamu ndogo nzuri).

Vigorous, a. -a ngudu, hodari,
tendaji, ~¢pesi.

Vigour, n. nguvu, wepest, bidii, st
tubu.

Vile, a. -nyonge kabisa, -baya sana,

Vileness, n. unyonge, ubaya.

Vilification, n. kufusha, Sc, (Tas.
Vilify).

Vilify, v. tusha, tukana, singisia,
sutasuta,

Villa, n, (nyumba yenyi bustani,
nyumba ya shambani), Semi-de-
tached villas, nyumba pachapacha
(twin).

Village, n. mji (mi-, mdogo katika

-a

VILLAGER 445

wawi kijiji [vt-], kitongoji

vi-).

vittager, n. mtu wa kukaa kondeni,
mtu wa shamba;

Villain, n. miu mbaya sana, ragai
Uma-), mjeuri, mshari, baa | ma. |.

Villainous, a. -baya sana, -a jeuri.

Villainy, n. ubaya, jeuri.

Vinaigrette, n. kitupa cha marashi,

Vindicate, v. tetea, thubuttsha, shu-
hudia, onya haki ya.

Vindication, n. kuletea, utetest, wo-
mbezi, mathubuiu, ushuhuda.

Vindictive, a. -a kutaka (-a kuli-
pisa| kisasi, -kalt, -koroft.

Vine, n. mzabibu [mi-}.

Vinedresser, n. miimaji | mtunza)
wa mizabibu.

Vinegar, n. siki.

Vinery, n. kibanda chenyi mizabibu,

Vineyard, n. shamba la mizabibu.

Vinous, a. -a mvinyo, kama mvinyo.

Vintage, n. mavuno ya mizabibu.

Vintner, 0. mfanyi biashara ya mvi-
nyo.

Violate, v. tendea: jeuri (ufithuli,
unajisi |), vunja, haribu, azbisha,
Violation, n. kufendea jeuri, &c.,

mvunjo.

Violence, n. jeuri, nguvu, uthalimu,

Violent, a. -a jeuri, &c.

Violet, n. [ua dogo jeusi la kunukia ;
(colour) rangi ya Meena

Violin, n. (zeze Ja kizungu|!.

Violinist, n. mpiga Violin.

Violoncello, n. (zeze kubwa la sauti
nene |.

Viper, n. (nyoka ya sumu Ulaya).

Virago, n. (mwa e mjeuri na
mkorofi).

Virgin, n. dtkira (ma- |. mwanawali
[wa-]; [Atte chochote kilicho swafi,
cheupe). Virgin soil, inchiistyolime-
kabado. Virgin gold, thahabuswaft,
Virgin forest, mwitu pasipokanya-
ga watu,

Virginity, n. ubikira, uwanawali.

Virile, a. -a kiume, bebera, ndume,

Virility, n. ufu ume, ume, kiume.

Virtual, a. tama, kwa kadiri yake,

karibu; (in effect) [-enys kuwa

VIBIT

pasipo kuonekana ; (in appearance)
-2 kuonekana pasipo kuwa). The
virtual identity of two substances,
vitu viwilt kama kuwa asili moja.

Virtually, adv. kadiri, karibu. kama.
It is virtually finished, kama ime-
kwisha.

Virtue, n. wema, fathila, uta wa,
moyo mweupe, moyo safi ; (Power)
nguvu. Ke has all the virtues,
killa namna ya wema anayo. By
virtue of, kwa nzuvu ya.

Virtuoso, n. [miu mwenyi maarifa
ya vite vizuri na vya tunu).

Virtuous, a, -eny: Virtue.

Virtuousness, n. kuwa Virtuous.

Virulence, n. nguvu ya kuambukiza,
nguvu mbaya, ubaya mwingi,

Virulent, a. -eny: Virulence.

Virus, n. sumu, sumu ya kuambukiza.

Visage, n. uso (ny-], sura.

Viscera, n. mafumbo.

Viscid, Viscous, a. -a unata, kama
ulimbo, kama ute wa yayi.

Viscount, n. (| jina la daraja bora
kwa Ingerezachiniya Bari.

Visibility, n. kuwa Visible.

Visible, a. -/oonekana, -a kuoneka,
wast,

Vision, n. kuona ; (apparition) tokeo
[wea-], njozi ; (fancy, phantom) kt-
vuli, ndoto.

Visionary, a. -a kufungika, st haki”
ka, kama ndoto.

—— n. (mfu wa mawazo mengi, st
wa amali).

Visit, v. suru, enda kuamkia |ku-
tazama, kuangalia), (in morning)
amkia, (in evening) Zuesha 3; (for
congratulation) #ongeza ; (punish)
patidliza. Visit a grave, suru ka-
buri. Visit an estate (for inspec-
tion), dagwa. Be on visiting terms,
-wa cheo sawa, karsbishana, pa-
tana. A

n. kusuru, maamkist; (con-

gratulatory) mahongeso, ugeni;

(business) majilio, maangalizi.

Pay a visit, = Visit,v. Gofor a

visit in the country, enda kushinda

shamba,

VISITANT

Visitant, n. = Visitor.

Visitation, n. kusuru, &c. (Taz.
Visit); (penal) Aukumu, mapats-
lizo; (accidental) msiba ; (divine)
Muungu. <A terrible visitation,
msiba mkuu. Visitation of sick
(service for), duruda.

ont n, -enyt kuzuru, mgeni

wa-|,

Visor, n. (kipande cha mbele tha cha-
peo ya chuma).

Vista, n. | kuonekana kwa macho vitu
vingi kama kwa kupangilika moja
kwa moja hatta mbali, sura nzuri
ya inchi ikionekana hatta mbali,
onekano la mbali), kuona mbali.

Visual, a. -a kuona, -a macho.

Vital, a. -a uzima, -a kanuni [-a la-
zima) kwa uzima, -a kanuni, -a
kupasa mno. Vital parts, Vitals,
[moyo kitwa mapafu, Sic.).

Vitality, n. kuwa na usima |ngu-
vu, utendaji); (tenacity of life)
kutaka kuishi, uzima.

Vitalize, v. tia usima, huisha, tia
nguvu, fufua.

Vitiate, v. karibu ; (annul) Zangua,
batilisha.

Vitiation, n. kuharibika, kuharibu,
mianguo,

Vitreous, a. -a ktoo, kama ktoo.

Vitrify, v. geuza kioo, geuka kioo.

Vitriol, n. mrututu, dawa ya mru-
tutu.

Vituperate, v. ‘ukana, kemea vikali.

Vituperation, n. matukano, matusi.

Vituperative, a. -a kutukana, &c.

Vivacious, a. -epesi, -a kucheza-
cheza.

Vivacity, n. wepesi, kuchezachesa.

Viva voce, adv. | kwa sauti, kwa ku-
sema, st kwa kuandika).

Vivid, a. kama kweli, kama hayi,
sawasawa, mfano halisi.

Vividness, n. kuwa Vivid.

Vivify, v. kuisha, lia uzima.

Viviparous, a. [-2 kuzaa watoto wa-
zima, st mayayi |.

Vivisection, n. (mganga kukatakata

nyama hayi kwa kusudi la uganga,
illi kujua yaliyo ndani).

446

VOLUME

Vizen, n. mbweha jike; (woman)
mwanamke mkali.

Visier, n. wasiri [ma-].

Vocabulary, n. (daftari ya maneno
na mafafanusi yao), kamusi.

Vocal, a. -enyt mlio, -a sauti nsuri.

Vocalist, n. mwimbaji | wa-|.

Vocalise, v. fanyisa sauti, toa sauti
ya kusikilika.

Vocation, n. kasi, shughuli, uchu-
mi. Have a vocation, [Awitwa na
Muungu kushika kasi fullant).

Vociferate, v. Zoa sauti kubwa, piga
makelele,

Vociferation, n. sauti kubwa, make-
ele.

Vociferous, a. -4 makelele.

Vogue,n. In vogue, desturi, kawaida.
Be in vogue, chaga, tumika, enea.

Voice, n. sautt, mlio; (speech)
usemt; (words) maneno; (in
grammar) baka ya Verb, ya ku-
-onyesha kutenda ao kutendwa).

Voiceless, a. pastpo sauli, bubu, -Ho-
pwewa sauti.

Void, a. -fupu, pasimo mtu | kitu);
(useless) durre ; (null) -/zotanguka.
Void of, #asipo.

— V. -foa, -mya; (annul) Zangua.

—— n, nafast wast, peupe, pasimo
kitu, kuwa -tupu, ukiwa.

Volatile; a. -2 kuvukiswa, -a kugeu-
ka hewa; (vivacious, playful) -enyi
moyo mwepesi, -a kuchezacheza,
-badilifu.

Volatilise, v, vukiza, geuza | kuwa)

a

Volcanic, a. -2 Volcano.

Voleano, n. mlima wa moto.

Volition, n. thttari, akili ya kucha-
gua, moyo, akili.

Volley, n. (mshindo wa bunduki
nyingi stki~figwa pamoja; vitu
vingi vikitokea pamoja, wingu)

Voltaic, a. = Galvanic.

Volubility, n. kuwa Voluble.

Voluble, a. -2 kutoa maneno mengi,
enyi usemaji, -a kupiga domo.

Volume, n. (part of book) gombo
[ma-]; (size, quantity) cheo, uku-

a, kadiri; (great quantity)

VOLUMINOUS 447

“wingi. Speak volumes, shuhudia
Sana.

Voluminousg, a. -kubwa, -ingt.

Voluntarily, adv. gasipo lazima,
Sc.

Voluntary, a. asipo lazima, kwa
moyo, kwa akili, kwa ihitari, kwa
kupenda -enyewe; (unpaid) pasipo
mshahara, burre. It is quite
voluntary, killa mtu apendavyo,
(for you) upendavyo, hiari yako,
Juu yako.

Volunteer, v. jitoa | kwa kasi fulla-
ni), jitia kazini kwa moyo |billa
mshahara); (as soldier) jiandika
asikari.

Voluptuary, n. mfu wa anasa nyi-
ngi, mtu wa kujideka.

Voluptuous, a. -4 anasa nyingi, -a
kudeka, -asherati. j

Vomit, v. fapika ; (emit) zoa nje.

—— n. matapisho.

Voracious, a. -a kula sana, -laji.

Voracity, n. kula sana, pupa la kula,
ulaji, roho.

Vortex, n. [msunguko wa maji ao
hewa).

Votary, n. (mtu wa kujifunga kwa

' kasi fullani); (devotee) mita’wa
(wa-|; (student) méaalz.

Vote, v. (express opinion) Zoa shauri,

' taka, chagua ; (attest opinion) shz-
hudia kwa hati [kwa mwandiko,
kwa kipande).

; n. (wish) shauri, nia; (in elec-
tions) kipande |hati, mwandiko,
cha kushuhudia shauri); (choice)

"chaguo |ma-|)|.

Voter, n. mwenyi Vote, mwenyi

' kuchagua, mwenyeji (Tas. Bleo-
tion).

Votive, a. -a kushuhudia nathiri,
wakfu.

Vouch, v. shuhudia, thubutisha.

Voucher, n. hati ya ushuhuda.

Vouchsafe, v. jalia, kubali.

Vow, v. weka nathiri.

n. mathiri, Perform a vow,
ondoa nathiri.

Vowel, n, (harufutwesayokutamkwa

. peke yake, kama a, &, i, 0, ul.

WAGE

Vowel-points, n. tabu. Insert
vowel-points, aribu.

Voyage, n. safari [ya baharini),

— v. safiri | kwa chombo).

Voyager, n. abiria, msafiri (cho-
mboni).

Vulgar, a. -a kimashamba, -a ki-
shenzi, -sto adabu; (common) -a
watu wote, -a ovyo, hafifu.

Vulgarism, n. usemi [neno| wa
kimashamba, st adabu.

Vulgarity, n. ukosefu wa adabu,
ushenzi, kimashamba.

Vulgarize, v. eneza kwa watu wote,
Janya -a watu wote, fanya hafifu,
rahisisha, kweza.

Vulgate, n. [Bible kwa maneno ya
kirumi).

Vulnerable, a. -/iopatikana na jera-
ha, -lioweza ku a | kushindwa,
kuharibika |, st salamu, si thabiti,
st kamili.

Vulpine, a. kama mbweha; (cunning)
erevu, janja, kama sungura.

Vulture, n. Zai.

WwW.

Wad, n. busha,

Wadding, n. | nguo ya pamba, kama
manyoya|.

Waddle, v. (enda kama bata kwa
kuyumbayumba).

—- n. mwendo wa bata |, kuyumba-

mba.

Wade, v. enda (pita) kwa shidda
[Lama mtoni, matopeni, mchanga-
ni), vuka (mlo) kwa miguu |si
kwa kuogolea), soma | tenda kasi|
kwa shidda.

Wafer, n. (mkale mdogo mwemba-
mba).

Waft, v. peperusha, chukua.

Wag, v. fikisa, suka.

n. mchekeshi | wa-|.

Wage, Wages, n. «tra ; (monthly)
mshahara; (daily) pesa za kuchwa ;
(sailor's) #alasa. He works for
wages, afanya kasi kwa mapesa.
A living wage, feza za kuponea iu.

WAGE

448

WANT

Wage, v. Wage war, fanya vila, Walk, n. kwenda kwa miguu, mwe-

pigana

Wager, n. (Zaz. Bet) sharti, ya-
hani. Lay a wager, pinga, piga
masharti.

—v. = Bet.

Waggery, n. uchekesht, mzaha, ubt-
shi.

Waggish, a. -chekeshi.

Waggon, n. gars kubwa [la maguru-
dumu manne |.

Waggoner, n. gari wala, msima-
mizi wa gari.

Waif, n. (mtoto aliyepotea ao aliye-
tupwa).

Wail, v. ka kwa huzuni, omboleza.

Wailing, n. maombolezo, vilio.

Wainscot, Wainscotting, n. mbau
za ukutani.

Waist, n. (kati ya mwili, penys
mshipi), viunoni.

Waistband, n. mshipi (mi-) wa
kiunoni. -

Waistoloth, n. stuka. Hold out
the waistcloth (to receive things),
kinga bindo.

Waistcoat, n.kistbau[vs-] ; (sleeved)
kisibau cha mkono ; (sleeveless) £2-
sibau cha kikwapa.

Wait, v. ngoja, kaa, dumu. Wait

for (something to happen, give
time for), Zimbika. Wait on
(upon, for), ngojea; (at wee)
andikia; (remain with) dumia.
Lie in wait, ofa, vista, otea,
donea.

Waiter,n. mfumishi | wa- |, mwandi-
kaji (wa-).

Waive, v. acha, weka, kataa.

Wake, v. (p. t. Waked, Woke)
amsha, (neut.) amka; (rouse) su-
kuma, harakisha; (produce) fanya,
leta.

—— n. (of ship) mkondo [wa nyu-

ma ya merikebu). In the wake of,
nyuma ya.
Wakefal, a. macho, -a kukesha, -sio-

pata usingisi.
Waken,v.amsha,&c.(7az.Wake,v.).
Wale, n. alama ya pigo, mlai [ms-],
kovu,

ndo; (excursion) matembezi, safari ;
(road) njia; (conduct, life) mwe-
nendo, maisha. Go for a walk,
enda kutembea, Jienda.

—— v. enda polepole (st kimbia),
enda, tembea; (behave) -wa na
mwenendo, fanya. Walk about,
sunguka, ‘tembea, tanga. alk
stealthily, nyefa, tambaa.

Walker, n. (mfu wa Walking, ho-
dari kwenda kwa migus).

Walking, n. kwenda kwa miguu,
kutembea.

Wall, n. (of stone) ukuta | kuta),
kikuta [wz-]; (of enclosure) kitafu
[wt-]; (of mud and sticks) £:wa-
mbaza ; (fortification) boma | ma-|.
Go to the wall, shindwa, onewa.

— Vv. jen, boma, zungushia uku-
fa. Wall-plate, mbali, mwamba
(mi-). Wall-fruit, (matunda ya
mili ikazwayo ukutani).

Wallet, n. mkoba (| mi- |).

Wallow, v. fingirika matopeni.

Walnut, n. sos.

Walrus, n. |nyama mkubwa wa ba-
hari kama kiboko}.

Walts, n. | mchezo wa kizungu katika
ngoma, watu wawili-wawili waki-

. zunguka pamoja).

Wan, a. -zupe (Awa kuwa na ugo-

njwa|).
Wand, n. ufito | fito|.
Wander, v. sunguka,

crazy) potewa akils ; (be delirions)

Wanderer, n, mtembezi | wa-) mha-
mishi (wa-|, mwenyi kupotea.

Wandering, n. mzunguko |mi-J, su-
nguko (ma-|, kupotea; (mental)
kupotewa akili; (delirium) kupa-

yuka.

Wane, v. funguka,

Want, n n. Aapa ww aya )
ju, kipunguo, ukose she
uchache, kuwa haba; (felt need)

mhitaji (ma-), haja, matakwa;
(poverty) umasikini, shidda, kuwa
haba. Bein want, -wa maskini
fukara), sidiwa. Be in want of,

WANT

hitaji, taka, -wa na -chache, -wa
pasipo.

Want, v. (need) Zaka, hitaji; (be
without) pungukiwa, -wa pasipo.

Wanting, a. -pungufu, -kosefu,
-chache, haba. Itis wanting, Fe
po, emetindika,

Wanton, a, -a kuchezacheza, -potofu,
-a asherati, -sinifu, -shaufu,

—~ n. mwasherati, mzinzt,

—— v. kuwa Wanton, a.

War, n. vifa, kondo. A war of words,
ugomvi, kubishana maneno.

—— v. fanya vita, pigana,

Warble, v. Za [kama ndege |.

Warbler, n. | ndege wa kuimba).

Ward (off), v. kinga, epusha, bekua.

—— n. (guard) ulinzi, hamaya, mli-
ndo; (guardian) m/inzé; (orphan)
yatima; (of town) mtaa (mi-);
(of hospital) chumba [vy-]; (of
eae key) mtoto (wa-], jino [me-
no}.

Warden, n. mkuu | wa-|.

Warder, n. mlinzi | wa- |, bawabu.

Wardrobe, n. sanduku | ya kuwekea
nguo), jamii ya nguo.

Ward-room, n. (chumba cha waku-
bwa katika manowari).

Warehouse, n. ghala, bokhari,

Wares, n. bithaa, mali.

Warfare, n. vita, kondo, mambo ya
vita.

Warily, adv. kwa hathart, folepole.

Wariness, n. hathari, uangalifu.

Warlike, a. -a vita, -epesi kwa vita,
hodart kwa. vita, -a kufaa kwa
vita.

Warm, a. -a2 moto; (hearty) -a moyo,
-a bidii; (angry) -a hastra, -a
uchungu; (cordial) -ema sana,
-kunjufe.

v. pasha moto; (stir up) am-
sha, harakisha; (stimulate) ongeza
bidii.

Warmth, n. moto, joto, uharara,
hari; (anger) ukali, hasira, uchu-
ngu; (cordiality) wema mwingt,
ukunjufu.

Warn, v. onya, hatharisha, shauri;
(signal) pungia, ashiria.

449

WASHY

Warning, n. onyo [ma-}, shauri
[ma-]; (signal) alama, ishara.

‘Warp, n. (of weaver) mtande; (of
ship) kamba la kufungusia ; (twist)
kombo.

—— v. (bend) pinda, tia kombo;
(twist) potosha, benua; (move by
ropes) [vata chombo kwa kufunga-
sta mwamba ao jiwe).

Warrant, v. -wa thamini wa, shu-
hudia, thubutisha. ,

—— n. uliamini; (pledge, guaran-
tee) sharti, amana, hali yenyi
sharti, mathubuti, ushuhuda.

Warrantable, a. halali, -a haki,
-ema,

Warren, n. Rabbit-warren, | shamba
lenyi sungura weng? |.

Warrior, n. miu wa vita, astkart
bora, shujaa | ma-).

Wart, n. chunjua.

Wary, a. -a hathari, -angalifu, ma-
cho.

Was, p. t. ya Be, Am.

Wash, v. osha; (bathe) oga, (act.)
ogesha; (clothes) fua; (gently, by
dabbing) chachaga; (hands, &c.)
nawa; (feet) fawaza; (private
parts) chamba; (ceremonially) Zo-
hara; (extend to, of water) in
maji, fikishia maji, fikia {majt}.
Wiech aff (away, ony futa, ondoa,
chukua, haribu (kwa maji). Wash
with, (apply) #a, aka. This dress
(colour) will wash, ngwo (rangi) hit
haichujuki. Wash out (of colours),
chujua, (neut.) chujuka. Wash
one's hands of, jikanzia kabisa, ka-
faa, acha, tupa. Wash mouth out,
sukultua.

}—— n. josho; (of sea) mawimbi;

(liguid application) maji; (sea
marsh) wangwa; (sediment, &c.)
matakato, taka; (current) mkondo ;
(laundry) dobi. Send to the wash,
peleka dobi (kwa dobi).

Washer, n. (| pete, ya kukaza|.

Washerman, n. dobt, mfua nguo.

Washing, n. kazi ya dobi, kuosha,
&c. (Zaz. Wash, v.); matakato.

.Washy, a. hafifu, thatfu, ovyo.

Gg

WASP

‘Wasp, n. (mdudu kama nyuki mku-
bwa

Waspish, a. -kali, -a chukichuki.

Waste, v. poteza, fuja, tumia burre,
ponda mali, tupatupa; (spoil) hart-
bu, vunja; (weaken) thoofisha, pu-
nguza; (decay) chakaa, thoofika.

—— a. takataka, ovyo, -stofaa, -lto-
tupwa; (desert) ukiwa, jangwa,

ipo mtu ao shamba. Lay waste,
haribu, teka, poteza.

——n. upotefu, uharibifu ; (desert)
jangwa, ukiwa; (rubbish) zaka,
matakato.

Wasteful, a. -fotevu, -fujaji, -a ku-
potesa burre, -ingi mno, kupita
kiasi,

Wasting, a. -a kuchakaa, -gofu, -a
kuthoofika, -a kukonda: (act.) -a
kuthoofisha, -a kuharibu kidogo
kidogo.

Watch, n. (time-piece) saa (ndogo
ya mfukoni); (at night) kesha
[ ma-|; (guard) indo, ulinzi; (post)
hingojo [vt-|, zamu. Be on the
watch for, fasamia, hatharé; (in
ambush) ofea, vista. Keep watch,
shika zamu, ngoja kwa samu, ke-
sha. Keep watch over, Zinda,
tunza, chungulia, pelelesa.

—— v. kesha ; (be vigilant) -wa ma-
cho, angalia sana, linda, ngojea;
(observe closely) sasamia, hathart.
Watch over, funza, linda ; (of sick)
uguza.

Watcher, Watchman, n. mlinzi
[wa-], mngoje, mpelelezi (wa-|.
Watchful, a. macho, -enyi hathari,

-angalifu. .

Watchmaker, n. [ fundi wa kufa-
nyiza saa).

Watchman, = Watcher.

Watchword, n. neno la kujuliana,
neno la fumbo.

‘Watchwork, n. mtambo wa saa.

Water, n. maji. (Kinds of) water,
(salt) maji ya chumvi ; (fresh) maji
matamu, maji baridi; (hard) maji
ya kisimani ; (soft) maji ya mvua.
Ofthefirst water,sa/i sana,suri mno,
Be in hot water, pata mashaka,

450

WATERY

sumbuka. Pour cold water on,
(oppose) suia, foza.

‘Water, v. nywesha, tia maji, changa-
nya maji. Make the mouth water,
tamantisha sana.

Water-buck, n. kufu [korn].

Water-closet, n. choo [vyoo|. He is
in the water-closet, yuko chooni;
(engaged) yuko msalani.

Watercourse, n. mfereji |mi-) wa
maji, kijito.

Waterfall, n. maboromoko ya maji,
maanguko ya mto.

Water-fowl, n. ndege za maji.

Watering-place, n. kituo penyi ma-
Ji, mahali pa kujiburudisha, maka-
li penyi afya nyingi.

Water-jar, n. mfungi [mz-], -
dulia [ma-}: (of skin) k:riba (vi- |;
(large) kasiki [ma-]}; (large stone)
balast [ma-}.

Waterless, a. pasipo maji, -kavu.

wee n. (blue) yungiyungi

ma-|).

Water-line, n. [mstari mbavuni
mwa chombo sawa na maji).

Water-logged, a. (of boat, ship)
(-dojaa maji, -sioweza kwenda).

Waterman, n. mwanamaji [wa-],
baharia.

Water-melon, n. fikiti [ma-}.

Water-mill, n. (kinu chenyi ku-
endeshwa kwa gurudumu na
maji),

Water-power, n. nguvu ya maji,
maji ya Nguvu.

Waterproof, a. -stovuja, -siopenya
maji, -siopapa; (india-rubber) -a
nguo ya mpira.

Watershed, n. | milima kati ya mito,
ya kugawa mito ya inchi kwenda
huko na huko).

Waterspout, n. nyoka ya bahari;
(of roof) kopo (ma-), mlisamu.

Watertight, a. -siovuja maji.

Water-wheel, n. | gurudumu lenyi
kuendeshwa na maji ya mlo).

Waterworks, n. | bomba la kupishia
maji kotekote mjini).

Watery, a. majimaji, -Mochujuka ;
(moist) chepechepe, -a nituba;

WATTLES

(tearful) -a machozi;
-dufu, baridi, ovyo.

Weey n. fito [sa kufanyia tundu,
Sc. }.

‘Wave, v. (as a flag) pepea; (as sig-
nal) punga; (undulate) -wa kama
mawimbi, inuka na shuka; (shake)
sikisa, (neut.) #ikisika, wayawaya,
yumbayumba, ning inia.

——— n. wimbi [ma-].

Wavelet, n. ktwimbi |vi-).

Wave-offering, n. | kafara ya kuti-
kiswa ya kiyahudi).

Waver, v. Zikisika, sitasita, -wa na
mashaka.

Waverer, n. wasiwasi, mwenyi ma-
shaka.

Wavy, a. kama mawimbi, -a matao,
-a kwenda juu na chini.

‘Wax, n. nda.

— v. tia nta; (increase) zidi, sidt
kuwa.

‘Waxen, a. -a nta.

wea n. [vifanytswavyo vya
nta |.

Waxy, a. kama nta, laini, -a kunata.

Way, n. njia; (method) njia, shau-
vi; (habit) desturt, mwenendo;
(manner) ginsi, namna. A long
way, mbali. A short way, karibu.
In a way, kidogo, kama. By the
way, jambo dogo, si ya maana sa-
na, kwa kupitia; (conj.) walla-
kini. By wayof, kwa kusudi la,
kwa kuwa, mahali pa. Out of the
way, -gent,ajabu, -a shidda,-atunu.
Out of the way! Clear the way! Get
out of the way! similla! sihatha-
vi! Be out of the way, -wa mbali.
Be in the way, shi, sumbua, pi-
ngamiza, kingamia. Give way,
shindwa, legea, vunjika; (ac-
quiesce) rithtka, kubalishwa. Get
one’s way, pata kaja, fikilisa shau-
vt, shinda, Make way for, ondo-
hea, pisha. Make one’s way,
endelea, fantkiwa. Ways and
means, (mashauri ya kupata fetha,
ao ya kuamrisha kodi).

‘Wayfarer, n. msafiri [wa-], mgeni,
mitaji.

(insipid)

451

'WBATHER

Wapyfaring, a. -a kusafiri, -a kupita.

Waylay, v. ofea, visia.

Wayward, a. -fotofu, -badilifu, -tu-
kutu

Waywardness, n. upotofu, &c.

We, pron. szs¢; (in comp.) Za-.

Weak, Weakly, a. ‘hatfu, -legevu,
-sio na nguvu, hafifu. Weak in
will, -enyi moyo mchache.

Weaken, v. thoofisha, legeza, pu-
NGUZA NGUVU YA, Viza.

Weakling, n. thazfu.

Weakly, a. = Weak.

Weakness, n. uthaifu, uhafifu.

Weal, n. hali njema ; (bruise) (Zaz.
Wale).

Wealth, n. mali mengi, ulajiri,
ukwasi; (abundance) wingi, nee-
ma, nafasi.

Wealthiness, n. kuwa na Wealth.

Wealthy, a. -enyt Wealth, zZajiri
[ma-], -kwast.

Wean, v. achtsha masiwa ya mama,
achisha, likiza.

Weapon, n. [Aitu cha kupigania),
stlaha.

‘Weaponless, a. pasipo selaha.

Wear, v. (p. t. Wore, pf. t. Worn)
waa; (appear as) -wa na sura ya ;
(use up) maliza upesi, tumia;
(spoil) chakasa, haribu, punguza ;
(last) -wa na aushi, kaa, si chakaa ;
(make by rubbing) fanya kwa kusu-
gua; (ofship) disha, pindua dema-
nt. Wear away, Wear off, maliza,
“Ja; (neut.) kwisha, nyamaza.
Wearon, fifa. Wear out, chakaza,
-la, maliza kabisa; (exhaust) sz-
mbua mno, chosha.

— n. kuchakaa, kutumika sana,
kupunguka; (use) matumizi; (du-
ration) wasihi, Wear and tear,
uharibifu, utumifu, ukukuu.

Wearable, a. -a kuvalika, -suri.

Weariness, n. kuchoka, uchovu.

Wearisome, a. -4 kuchosha.

Weary, v. chosha, legesa. Be weary,
choka, legea.

Weasel, n. (nyama ndogo, kama
cheche).

Weather, n. [Aali ya hewa), tabia.

Gga

WEATHER

452

WELL

What sort of weather? Aumeku- | Weep, v. (p. t. ma pf. t. Wept) iia,

waje? Cold weather, baridi,
Cloudy weather, mawingu, kume-
tanda. Fine weather, kusuri,
kweupe. Hot weather,hari. Wet
weather, mvua.
‘Weather, v. faulu ; (decay) chakaa.
Weather-bound, a. -/tsuitwa na

pepo.

‘Weather-cock, n. (kipande cha juu
ya mnara, cha kuanya pepo sato-
kapi|.

Weather-side,n. upande wagoshini,
upande wa juu.

‘Weave, (p. t. Wove, pf. t. Woven)
Juma; (invent) tanga.

Weaver, n. mfuma (wa-].

Weaving, n. mfumo.

Web, n. (woven cloth) nguo; (of
spider) matando; (of skin) utando;
(complication) matata,

Webbed, a. -enyi ulando wa
ngozi.

Webbing, n. (Zepe nene la nguo ya

_ pamba ao kitani).

Web-footed, a. |-enyi vidole vya
miguu vimeungamana kwa utando
wa ngozi j.

Wed, v. (man) va ; (woman) okwa ;
(parents, minister) oza; (man and
woman) ana.

Wedded, a. -a wafu watiscana, ha-
lalz.

Wedding, n. arust, ndoa. Wedding
feast, Ama.

Wedge, n. kabari.

—v. kaza kwa kabari ; Gam, fix)

kwamisha, kwaza. :Be wedged
together, songana, kazana.

Wedlock, n. kuoana, ndoa.

Wednesday, n. juma a tano.

Weed, n. kigugu [v-], majani;
(clothes) mguo za kuugulia, nguo
sa mjane ; ( = Cigar).

Weedy, a. -diojaa vigugu.

Week, n. juma [ma-], siku saba.

Weekday, n. (siku ya kazi, siku
isiyo juma a pili),

"Weekly, a. killa juma, killa siku ya
saba.

‘Ween, v. thant, ona.

toa (toka) machozi.
gether, /zzana,

Weeping, n. kilio [vt-], machozi.

Weevil, n. (kidudu kilacho nafaka).

Weft, n. mshindio.

Weigh, v. pima uzifo, pima kwa
mizani, hesabu uthans; (consider)

fikiri, hakiki, enenza; (have
weight) -wa na uthani (maana,
uzito); (have influence) -wa na
nguvu, weza. Weigh on, ‘mea,
sumbua. Weigh down, (/ofeza,
nyikiza.

——n. Get under weigh, #9'0a nanga,
tweka. Be under weigh, enda, pita.

Weight, n. uthani, uzifo ; (heavy
thing) kitu kistte, kinyikizo ; (thing
for measuring weight) (kt
cha kupimia uthani|; (trouble)
taabu, uthia; (importance) nguvu,
maana.

Weighty, a. -sito;
“kubwa, -a maana.

Weir, n. (boma la kuzuia maji |.

Weird, a. ~.uchawt, -a. shetani, -a
kutisha, -a pepo, -a kivuli.

Welcome, v. 4artbisha, pokea kwa
Juraha, hongeza, salimu, amkia.

n. kukaribisha (kukaribishwa|

kwa furaha, salamu, maamkizi,

furaha.

a. -@ furaha, -a kufurahisha,
-a salamu, -a kupendeza. Be wel-
come to, (be gladly received) Jewa
[pokewa] kwa furaha; (be given free
use of) [Jewa ruhusa ya kutumia
burxe), pewa burre.

Weld, v. (unganisha madini kwa
kufua), tambuza, gandamiza, unga,
tia weko.

Welfare, n. halt njema, hali.

Well, adv. wema, vizuri, sana, ka-
bisa; (interrog.) je? bassi nini?
kunani? sema! As well, As well
as, Taz. As.

— a. -ema, -a hali njema, keri,
bahati njema; (in good health)
-sima, -enyt afya njema. It is
well, wema, hert, yafaa. Well,
how are you? je, uhali gani? He

Weep to-

(important)

|

‘WELL

is well (doing well), Aajanzbo, mst-
ma, Get well, Do well, fona, pata
wasaa. Well done! njema! wema!
Well off, Well to do, -exyi mali,
tajiri, 'Do well, fanikiwa. Be
(turn out) well, elesea, ongokea.

Well, n. kisima [wé-], chemchemi,
shimo la maji (ma- |).

v. chemka, toka | tokea) kama
maji ya chemchemi, bubujika.

Well-being, n. hali njema, afya.

Well-born, a. -a cheo, bora, -a mbegu
njema, -toto wa watu, -ngwana.

Well-bred, a. -liolewa vema, -enyt
malezi mazuri, -a adili, -a adabu.

Well-known, a. -lotambulikana,
bayant, mashuhuri.

‘Well-off (Be), v. neemeha, nafistka,
-wa na mals,

Well-principled, a. -enyz akili nje-
ma, -enyi mashauri mema, moyo
barabara.

Welter, v. fingirika.

Wen, n. Zezi.

Wench, n. kitwana mwanamke, ki-
Jakasi |vi-|.

Wend, v. enda.

Went, p. t. ya Go.

‘Wept, p. t. na pf. t. ya Weep.

Were, = Was, p. t. ya Be, Am.

Wesleyan, a. -z Wesley, mfuasi

. wa Wesley, = Methodist.

West, n. magaribi [magrebi|,machwa
ya jua. Vhe west, upande wa ma-
garthi, inchi za magaribi.

Wosteriy, Western, Westward,

--a magaribi, -a upande wa ma-
garibi.

Wet, a. majimaji, chepechepe, -a
rutuba, -a mvua nyingi. Get wet,
pata maji, lowa, loweka.

‘Wether, n. (kondoo mhasé].

Whale, n. nyamgumi.

‘Whalebone, n. Lufupa wa kinwani
mwa nyamgumi |.

er, n. mwinda nyamgumi;
(vessel) chombo cha kuwindia nya-
mgums.

Whaling, n. kuwinda nyamgums.

Wharf, n. | boma la mawe pwani pa
kushushia shehena).

453

‘WHEREAT

‘Wharfage, n. (kodi ya kutumid
Wharf).

Wharfinger, n. mwenyi Wharf.

What, pron. (relat.— that which)

-y0, ~cho, -z0, &c.|; (interrog.) pi

upi, upi, zipi, Sc.), gant;
(interj.) kama tpt, kamani, kama
nini, ginsi gant, ginsi -livyo. A
what-do- on-call-it, dude (mar),
kinyangdlika.

Whatever, Whatsoever, pron. naa.
-0 -ote, -ot¢-o. Whatever happens,
zwayo yote, kwa killa hali. What-
ever you know, ujuayo yote,

Wheat, n. ngano.

Wheaten, a. -4 unga wa ngano.

Wheedle, v. dembeleza, vuta, sha:
wisht.

Wheel, n. gurudumu [ma-]; (in
ship) msukani. Wheels within
wheels, matata mengi.

-—— v. sungusha, geuza, (neut.) zu-
nguha, geuka; (convey by carriage)
peleka kwa magurudumu [wa
gari).

Wheeler, n. frasi wa gari |aliye
karibu na gari).

Wheelwright, n. | fundi wa kufa-
nyiza magurudumu ao magari |.

Wheeze, v. kokota pumuzi, tweta,

Whelk, n. [ono la pwani).

Whelm, v. Zoza, zamisha ;
overthrow) angamiza.

Whelp, n. (mtoto wa nyama ya
mwitu, simba, mbwa, chui, Sc).

When, adv. lini? wakati zani?

—— conj. | wakati) -po, wakati wa.

Whence, conj. za mo, -po; (in-
terrog.) wapi? kutoka wapi? I
know whence he comes, nakujua
atokako, Whence does he come?
atoka wapi ?

Where, conj. -£0,-70, -fo ; (interrog.)
wapi? makali gani?

Whereabouts, conj. karibu na wapi,
kama mahali gant, wapi.

—— n. makao. His whereabouts,
akaa wapi, yuko wapi.

Whereas, con}. kwa maana, kwa
sababu ; (but in fact) wallakine.

Whereat, con). kwa. hiyo, huko.

(ruin,

WHEREBY

Whereby, conj. kwa hiyo, hivyo.
Wherefore, conj. kwa sababu hii.
Wherefrom, conj. -40, -0, -p0; ku-
toka huko; (interrog.) kutoka wapi?
Wherein, conj. -ko, -mo, -po; katika
hii ; (interrog.) katika nini ?
Whereon, Whereupon, conj. daa-
Gaye, kwa sababu hit; katika hit;
(interrog.) kafika nini? kwa nini ?
Wheresoever, = Whatever.
Whereto, conj. -40,-mo,-po; kwenda
huko; (interrog.) kwenda wapi?

Wherever, conj. -/ipo pote, mahali

pote -po.
Wherewith, conj. kwa.hii, na hii,
-enyi htt; ‘(interrog.) kwa nini?

Wherewithal, conj. = Wherewith.

——n. mali, njia, uwezo, nafasi.

Wherry,n. [mashua ndogo nyepesi).

Whet, v. m0a; (excite) amsha, zidi-
sha, washa.

Whether, conj. kama. Whether or
no, kwa vyo vyote, ukipenda .usi-
pende.

Whetstone, n. kinoo [v2-] ;
suguo | ma-|.

Whey, n. mtindi. :

Which, pron. (relat.) -o [-ye, I,
-20, -vyo, &c.}; (interrog.) --p7
Dupi, upi, ipi, vipi, &c.).

Whichever, Whichsoever, pron.
-ouote [»ye yote, -0 wote, -lo lote, &c. |).

"Whiff, n. [Aishindo cha. pumuzi ao
“cha pepo rikija ghdfala, kutoa pu-
muzi kwakishindo|; (smell) haru-
ifa kidogo.

“Whig, n. mtu ashikaye Whiggery.

“Whiggism, Whiggery, n. [éutaka
-MWEZO WA Mm '“bunguke, watu

(coarse)

“wakaweza zayidi katika mashauri

ya serkali; = Liberal).
While, Whilst, conj. wakati wa,
wakati -po, -kt-.
n. muda, wakatt. A long while,
wakati mwingt,sana. Aftera while,
halafu, baadaye. All the while,
wakati kuo wote, wakali ule ule,
pale pale; (in surprise) kumbe,
tahamaki. A little while, muda
kidogo. Be worth while, faa, -wa
heri, afathali.

454

WHISPER

While, v. isha.

Whin, n. (notion) nia, wazo [wa-] ;
(wild idea) .mta potofu, nta

ngeni.

Whimper, v. [ia kama kitoto).

—— n. (mlio wa kitoto).

Whimsical, a. -enyi Whim, -geni,
-fotofu, -badtlifu.

Whine, v. ta (Lama mbwa mtoto);
(intreat mercy) /alamika.

n. mlio (wa mbwa mtoto), lala-
miko.

Whip, n. mjeledi [ms-]; (coachman)
gari wala, satst ; (= Whipper-in).

— v. figa mijeledi; ; (snatch) fo-
konya upesi, twaa ghdfala, chopoa ;
(conquer) shinda.

Whipcord, n. [Aigwe cha kitani ya
mguuu |.

Whiphand, n. wweso, utawala.

Whipper-in, n. [mstmamizs: wa
mbwa katika kuwinda ; kama ast-
kari.mwenyi kuwaita na huwaku-
mbusha wakubwa wa Parliament].

Whipping, n. kupiga | kupigwa)
mijeledi ; kushinda | kushindwa).

‘| Whipping-post, n. mfi wa kati,

(miti wa kumfungia mtu apigwe).

Whir, n. uvumi (wa kitu aa
nguka kwa nguvu, ao wa mabawa
ya ndege|.

Whirl, v. zungusha, fingirisha;
(neut.) sunguka, fingirika.

n. sunguko, ufiringo.

Whirligig, n. | kipuzi cha mtoto ku-
chezea chenyi kusungukasunguka).

Whirlpool, n. mazunguko ya maji,
mzingo wa maji.

Whirlwind, n. pepe sa chamchela,
tufano mkuu, pepo za kusunguka-
zunguka, kimbunga.

Whisk, v. rusha upesi, (neut.) ruka
upesi; ( spon boruga upesi.

go, tendo (mwendo) jepesi
(Za hifala); (brush) £:/agro.

Whisker, n Sa mac 73.

Whiakered, a. -enyt Whiskers.

Whisky, n. (mvinyo ultofanyiswa
wa nafaka|.

Whisper, v. xong'ona, Whisper to,
nongoneza. .

———— VT),

WHISPER 455

Whisper, n. kunong'ona, mnong'ono,
muanong oneso.

Whist, n. | mchezo wa karata).

Whistle, v. figa msonyo (ubinja,
mbinda, miunsi|. Whistle a tune,
endeleza mbinja.

Whistling, n. msonyo [mi-], ubi-
nja | mbinja), mwunzi, mtunzi.
Whit, n. kidogo. Not a whit, sé

hatta kidogo.

White, a. -eupe, safi. Very white,
-eupee, White heat, [moto mwi-
ngi mkali). White lie, wwongo
kama st uwongo, werevu, ujanja.

Nn. weupe, rangi nyeupe; (of
eggs) ute wa yayi.

White ants, n. mchwa.

Whitebait, n. [samaki ndogo kama
dagaa |.

White-friar, n. [Monk aliyevaa
nyeupe |.

White-heat, n. moto mwingi sana,

White-lead, n, | kama unga wa ku-
Janyiza rangi nyeupe, chaki |).

Whiten, v. fanya -cupe.

Whiteness, n. weupe.

Whitewash, n. chokaa nyeupe | ya
kupaka ukutani).

—— v. paka Whitewash.

White-wine, n. (divai nyeupe).

Whither, conj. - £0, -mo, -po ; kwenda
huko; (interrog.) wapi, kwenda
wapi ?

Whithersoever, conj, -0 pole, ma-
halt pote -po.

Whiting, n. chaki; (fish) (samaki
wa Ulaya).

Whitish, a. kama -cupe, -eupe ki-

dogo.

Whitlow, n. mdudu.

- Whitsunday, n. stku ya Pentecost.

Whiz, n. mito (wa kitu kama mshale
ukienda upesi |, uvumi.

—— v. enda, pita upesi, vuma, lta.

Who, pron. (rel.) -0, -ye; (interrog.)
nant, yupi?

Whoever, Whosoever, pron. “Je
yote, -0 wote,

Whole, a. -sima, pia, -ole pia;
(complete) kamili, -kamslifu, -ti-
milifu; (sound, unbroken) -enyi

WIDOW

afya njema, -moja. On the whole,
mwisho, bassi, kiisha kufikiri.

Whole, n. kifu kizima, jamii yote,
Jumla, | kitu kimoja chenyi sehemu
nyingi).

Wholeness, n. hak ya kuwa Whcle,
uzima, umoja.

Wholesale, a. (trade) -a@ biashara
kubwa, -a jumla.

—— adv. jumla, shelabela.
Wholesome, a. -a kufaa kwa afya
njema, -enyi afya, -zuri, -sima.

Wholly, adv. za, kabisa, haswa.

Whom, pron. = Who.

‘Whomsoever, pron. = Whosoever.

Whoop, n. kelele [ma-], ukelele.

— v. piga kelele.

‘W hooping-cough, n. kikohozi.

Whore, n. kahaba [ma-].

Whoremonger, n, mwenyi (nyumba
ya) makahaba,

Whose, a. (interrog.) -a mani;
(relat.) -a huyo (wao, Sc.), -ake.

‘Whosoever, pron. (relat.) -ye yote.

Why, adv. kwa nini, mbona, kwani,
kwa sababu gani; haita. Why,
VI tell you, hatia nikuambie.

Wick, n. (of lamp) utambi (tambi);
(of candle) kope (ma-).

Wicked, a. -baya, -ovu, -a thambi.

Wickedness, n. ubaya, uovu, tha-
mbi.

Wicker, a. -a filo zilizosokotwa.

Wicket, n. kilango |vi.); (at cricket)
(ati (mi-), kiguzo (vi-) |.

Wide, a. -fana, -a kutanuka, -a
kuenea mbali, ya kufika mbali;
(broad, thick) -sene; (wise) -a
maarifa mengi, -a akili; (erro-
neous) -4 kuepea, -a kukosa.

—— adv. mbali, kwa upande.

Wide-awake, a. macho, -epesi,
tayars.

n. (chapeo).

Widely, adv. sana, mahali pengi.

Widen, v. panua, sidisha, eneza,
(neut.) fanuka, enea, tanuka, zidi ;
(draw apart) zanna.

Wideness, n. = Width.

Widow, Widower, n. mjane
[wa-, aliyekwa na mume ao mke).

WIDOWHOOD

Widowhood, n. wane.

Width, n. upana, mapana, eneo.
Width of view, maarifa mengi,
Ujuzi,

Wield, v. (control) Zawala, ongoza,
suia; (use, handle) skzka mkononi,
chukua, tumia; (brandish) ¢tktsa
mkononi, punga.

Wife, n. (pl. Wives) |mke mwenyi
mume wa halali), mke([wa-|.

Wifeless, n. -Hofiwa na mkewe, pa-
sipo mke.

Wifely, a. [-2 kumslahili mke
mwenyi mumewe), -a mke.

Wig, n. | kifuniko cha kitwa chenyi
nyele |.

Wight, n. mfu, masikini.

Wild, n. = Wilderness.

a. (animals) -a mwitu, -siofu
gika; (plants) -a gugu; (barbar-
ous) -shenzi; (desert) -a ukiwa,
-a jangwa, pasipo watu; (violent)
-@ nguvu, -a jeuri; (ungoverned,
vicious) -fotofu, -a kufanya vyo
vyote.

Wildebeest, n. nyumbo.
Wilderness, n. jangwa, nyika,
barra, poli | ma-), pululu (ma-]).
Wildfire, n. | moto usiozimika, kama

umeme).

Wildly, adv. burrt, pasipo akili,
kama kwa wazimu, kwa nguvu.

'Wildness, n. kuwa Wild.

Wile, n. kila, ujanja.

Wilful, a. -kaidi, -tundu, -potofu.

Wilfulness, n. ukaidi, Sc.

Wiliness, n. ujanja, udanganyifu.

Will, n. moyo, nia, kusudi, mapenzi ;
(legal) wosia; (free will) ziziari,
kuchagua, akili; (command) amri,
hukumu. At will, At his will,
apendavyo, hiari yake.

—— v. (p. t. Would) Zaka, penda,
chagua, azimu; (order) amuru;
(in comp.) -Za-. 1 will go, nita-
kwenda, nataka kwenda. You will
go, enenda, sharti uende. 1 will,
inshallah, vema. | will not, sitaki,
sikubali,

Willing, a. -epest, -pesi, tayari, -a
moyo, pasibo lazima, kwa kupenda,

456

WINDWARD

Be willing, kubali, -wa rathi,
taka, -wa tayari, Sc.

Willingness, n. wepesi, &c. (Tas.
Willing).

Wily, a. -danganyifu, -janja,-erevu,
-a hila.

Win, v. (p. t. #a pf. t. Won), (get)
pata, jipatia ; (conquer) shinda ;
(persuade) wafa, shawishi, ongoa.
Win back (again), jirudishia, ji-
patia tena, patanisha.

Wince, v. stuka, stkunyata, jikunja.

Winch, n. (gurudumu ao duara ya
kuvutia kamba), duara.

Wind, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Wound)
kunja, pinda, (neut.) sungukasu-
nguka, fanya mapindi, potoka;
(thread, &c.) fatisa, kunja, usta.
Wind up, kunja; (finish) maliza,
kata, komesha; (conclude speech)
fanya mwisho wa maneno; (a
clock) fungulia,

—— n. upepo, pepo, baridi; (breath)
pumuzi; (flatulence) riyaht. Light
wind, mpepea. Head wind, pepo
za mbele. Fair wind, pepo sa ome.
Wind on the beam, pepo sa ubavu,
matanga katt, Adverse (contrary)
wind, mbesho, tanga mbili. Wind-
instrument, (trumpet) Janda, ba-
ragumu; (pipe) somart. Get
wind of, sikia habari ya. Be in
the wind, vumika, -ja.

Wind-bound, a. (of ship) -/iosuswa
na pepo.

Windfall, n. pato Ja bahali, pato la
heri, dafina.

Wind-gauge, n. | kipande cha ku-
pimia nguvu ya upepo).

Winding, n. Aisin wi-|, kuba
[ma-], pindi [ma-]; (folding)
mkunjo.

Winding-sheet, n. kifindo, saanda.

Windlass, n. dara.

Windmill, n. (kinu chenyi gurudu-
mu la kuendeshwa na upepo |,

Window, n. dirisha |ma-); (small)
mwangaza |mi-|.

Windpipe, n. 400.

Windward, a. -a upande wa
[wa goshini, wa juu).

upepo

WINDY

Windy, a. -a pepo nyingi; (lengthy,
useless) -a maneno mengi, -tupu,
-a ovyo.

Wine, n. mvinyo, divai.

‘Wing, n. (of bird, insect, &c.) bawa
[ma-], kibawa [vi-]; (of building,
Sc.) upande, pembe, sehemu ; (pro-
tection) amaya, tunza. Wing
feather, zbawa (mbawa). Be on
the wing, Take wing, raka, ondoka.
Take under one’s wing, funza, -pa
hamaya.

v. vunja bawa.

Winged, a. -enyi mabawa; (broken-
winged) -tovunjika bawa.

Wink, v. pepfesa, konyeza macho.
Wink at, (overlook) achilia,
samehe, pisha.

n. kope la juu na chini, konyezo
la macho. Give a wink to, Pigia
ukope.

Winner, n. mshindaji, mshindi.

Winning, a. -a kushinda; (attrac-
tive) -a kuvuta, -a kutamanisha;
(graceful) -a2 madaha, -zuri.

Winnow, v. fepeta.

Winsome, a. -4 kufurahisha, a ku-
pendeza, -a furaha.

Winter, n. majira ya baridi | majira
ya miezi December, January,
February kizungu), kipupwe.

Winter-guarters, n. (kituo cha ku-
pishia Winter}. —

Wintry, a. -a Winter, baridi kali.

Wipe, v. futa, pangusa, sugua.

Wire, n. ust wa madini, masango
Lya chuma, shaba, fetha, Sc. |, se-
ngenge, masoka ; (telegraph) simu.

— v. funga (kaza) kwa Wire;
(telegraph) piga simu, arifu kwa
simu.

Wiry, a. hodari, -shupavu, -siochoka.

Wisdom, n. #eckima ; (learning) e/z-
mu, maarifa; (sagacity) busara,
akili, werevu; (intellect) akili
nyingi, shauri.

Wise, a. -enyi Wisdom, -jusi.

Wiseacre, n. mjuvi | wa-), mjinga

wa-).

wah, v. taka, penda, tamani. I

' wish you would go, tafathali uende.

457

WITHSTAND

Wish, n. tamaa, ttakwayo, mapenzi,
matakwa.
a. -enyt kutaka, -enyi bi-

Wisp, n. kichopa (cha majani, ma-
nyasi, &c. |.

Wistful, a. -a kufaka, -a bidii.

Wit, n. akili; (humour) uchekeshi,
mzaha; (a witty person) mtu
mcehekesht, mtu wa ubishi. Wits,
akili, busara, ujuzi. To wit, ndio,
yaani.

Witch, n. mwanamke mchawi, ki-
chawt,

Witcheraft, n. uchawi.

Witchery, n. uchawi, kuloga; (fas-
cination, charm) ushawishi wa ku-
shinda moyo, uzuri wa kupoteza
akili, ushaushi, mvuto.

With, prep. (persons) #4; (things)
kwa; (together with) pamoja na,
upande wa; (near) karibu ya;
(among) att ya; (as to) jus ya.
Compared with, kuliko.

Withdraw, v. (p.t. Withdrew, pf. t.
Withdrawn ), (retire) ondoka, toka,
enda sake |zao, &c.]; (remove)
ondosha, toa, chukua; (recall) ru-
disha, tangua.

Withdrawal, n. kuondoka, kuondoa,
&c. (Zaz. Withdraw).

Withe, Withy, n. ufito | fito), ubu-
gu [mbugu).

Wither, v. fifa, chakaa, nyauka,
fa; (cause to wither) fifisha, Sc.
Withers, n. (mahali pa juu ya ma-

bega ya frasi).

Withhold, v. (p. t. #a pf. t. With-
held) nyima, sua.

Within, adv. ma prep. ndani | ya];
(of limit) -dogo kuliko. Within an
hour, hatpfati saa moja. Within
my power, (strength) kadiri yangu ;
(authority) chind yangu juu yangu.

Without, adv. ma prep. (outside)
nje | ya}; (not with) pasipo, billa,
ghari ya. e tried without
success, alijaribu asipate.

Withstand, v. (p.t. #a pf. t. With-
stood) simamia, zuia, pingia Njia,
shindana na.

WITLESS

Witless, a. pasipo akili, -jinga.

Witness, n. shahtdt [ma-]; (evi-
dence) ushuhuda, ushahidi, mathu-
butu.

—— V. ona -enyewe, tazama, angalta ;
(attest) shuhudia, thubutisha,

Witticism, n. #bishi, msaha, neno
la akili, neno jerevu.

Wittingly, adv. makusudi, kwa
moyo, kwa akili.

Witty, a. -enyi Wit.

Wives, pl. ya Wife.

Wizard, n. mchawi | wa-1,

Woe, n. (calamity) msiba (mi-);
(sorrow) husunt, hamu. Woe is
me! ole wangu!

Woebegone, Woful, a. -4 husuni
nyingi, -a hali nyonge kabisa.

Woke, p. t. ya Wake, v.

Wold, n. jangwa | ma-), poli (ma-],
pululu (mar).

Wolf, n. (pl. Wolves) (mbwa wa
mwitu mkubwa mkali).

Wolfhound, n. (mbwa wa kuwindia

a. kama Wolf, -kali,

Woman, n. (pl. Women) mwana-
mke | waanawake |; (young) kijana
haa (unmarried) mwanamwali

waanawalt|; (old) kizee; Slave)
mjakazi [wa-}, kijakazi [vi-

Womanhood, n. ufu uke, labia ya
mwanamke, asili ya kike.

Womanish,a.-a mwanamke,-a kike,
thaifu, -oga.

Womankind, n. ufu uke, waanake
wote.

Womanly, Womanlike, a. -a mwa-
namke, -a kike, -a kumstahtli mwa-
namke, -a namna ya kike.

Womb, n. fumbo [ma-, la uzazi),
mji [wa mwana|.

Women, pl. ya Woman.

Won, p.t. na pf. t. ya Win.

Wonder, n. ajabu [ma-], mzungu
(mi-|), mwujiza (mi-), shant; (as
felt) ajabu, mshangao. No wonder,
sé shani.

v. azabu, ona ajabu, staajabu,

shangaa.

458

WORD

Wonderful, Wondrous, a.-a ajabu.
Wont, a. -s0efu. Be wont to, soea,
soelea. He is wont to go, kuenda,
desturi yake kwenda, marra kwa
marra aenda. (Won't > Will not.)

—— n. desturt, mazoea.

Woo, v. posa (mwanamke).

Wood, n. mitt (mi-); (plank) bau
(mbau). A wood, mwifu. A piece
of wood, kijiti, kipande, kibau.
F irewood, kuni; (one piece) uku-
ni. Underwood, msitu, makoko,
zichaka. Be out of the wood,
okoka, pona.

Wooded, a. -a msitu, -a2 mwitu,
enyi mili.

Wooden, a. -a mli,-a mbau, -a miti.

Woodland, n. inchi yenyi mits,
msitu.

Woodman,n. m/yeka mwitu, mcha-
nja kuni.

Woodpecker, n. gogota, kigogota.

Woody, a. kama mti, -enyt asili ya
mli; (containing trees, &c.) -a
msifu, a mite mingi.

Wooer, n. mwenyi kuposa, mchumba.

Woof, n. mshindio.

Wooing, n. 050, maada) wi

Wool, n. (of animals) manyoya ; (in

trade) sufi.

Woolgathering, , n. wazimu, kast
burre, ujinga.

Woollen, a. -@ Wool. Woollen

cloth, oho; (thick) bushuti.,

Woolly, a. -enyt manyoya mengi,
kama sufi. Woolly hair, nyele.

Woolsack, n. (ifi cha mkuu wa
House of Lords].

Word, n. neno [ma-]; (promise)
ahadi ; (mews) kabari; (order)
amri ; (Divine) [/sa Masiya, mewa-
na wa Muungu). Have words,
gombana. In a word, kwa neno
moja, jumla, mwisho. Word for
word, maneno yote halisi. In
word, kwa maneno. Upon my
word "kweli, nasema kweli. Break
one’s word, vunja ahadi. Keep
one's word, ' shika Gia akadi,
limisa maneno. Give one's word,
toa ahadi, jifunga. Eat one’s words,

WORDING

Have last word, shinda.
Wording, n. maneno yenyewe.
Wordy, a. -a maneno mengi,
Wore, p. t. ya Wear, v
Work, 2. kazi, amali, bidii, juhudi;

(trouble) uthia, taabu; (literary)

kitabu |vi- |), chuo [oy]; (sewing)

ushoni. Set to work, shika kazi;
appoint work) agiza kazi. Works,
factory) (mahali Pa kujanyiza kazi
fulilani, kibanda cha fund:

—— v. fanya kazi, toa bidii, 'Jita-
hidz; (machine) tenda kazi, enda,
endelea ; (produce by labour) fanya
kwa shidda ; (be effected) fanyika

. polepole (Awa shidda]; (result) 20-

kea punde kwa punde ; (sew) shona;
(cause to work) Zendesha kazi, ende-
sha. Work in, ingzza, changanya.
Work at, tendea kasi. Work out,
maliza. Work up, jifunza sana;
(incite) amsha, harakisha, suku-
ma; (use) tumia.

Workhouse, n. (nyumba ya maskt-
ni kukaa na kulishwa).

Workman, n. mlienda kazi, kibarua;
(skilled) fundi |ma-), mstadi
[wa-].

W orkmanlike, a. “ema, kazi njema.

Workmanship, n. ginsi ya kufanyi-
za, kazi.

ali it n. kiwanda, kibanda
vi-].

word, n. ulimwengu, dunia; (peo-
ple) walimwengu ; (affairs) mali-
MWeENngu, mambo ; (total, sum) ja-
mitt; (evil) wafu wabaya. A man
of the world, mtu wa maarifa, mju-
zi, mtu wa anasa, ajuaye mambo.
Old world, Europa, Asia, Afrika.
New world, Amerika. The vege-
table world, mimea yote,woto wore.
The animal world, nyama zote.
The heathen world, "washenzi, ma-
kafiri. The religious world,
mambo ya dini, wafu wa dini.
The world to come, ahera. What
in the world will you do? s¢afa-
nyaje bassi wewe ?

Worldliness, n. kumsahau Muu-

459

rudisha maneno, ungama WWwoNngo. |

WORTH

ngu, kujikalia, anasa, kushariki
ulimwengu.

Worldling, n. (mtu asiyemkumbuka
Muungu, mwenyi kugandamia
ulimwengu, mwulimwengu|.

Worldly,a.-a dunia hit,-a kumsahau
Muungu, -a anasa, -a kujikalia.

World-wide, a. -a kuenea pote
pote.

Worm, n. (in bowels) chango, na-
ngonango, mchango | mét-]; (earth)
myungunyungu; (maggot) funza
[ma-]; (kipande cho chote kama
nyungunyungu |.

Wormwood, n. pakanga; (bitter-
ness) uchungu.

Worn pf, t. ya Wear, v.

-out, a. (persons) -o-
ngwe; ; (things) “kukuu. Jto is
worn out, imechakaa ; (with use)
imetumikana.

Worry, n. uthia, taabu, haraka,

—— v. uthi, sumbua, chokoza, hara-
kisha, (neut.) jisumbua, fathatka ;
(tear) rarua.

Worse, a. -baya zayidi. Heis worse,
(of sickness) ugonjwa umemzidi.
Worship, n. téada, sala; (extrava-
gant honour) heshima nyingi mno;
(as title) | yina la heshima, haswa
a kaihi). His worship, (judge)

kathi mkubwa.

— v. abudu, sujudu; (honour
much) keshimu | penda) mno.

Worst, a. -baya kuliko yote, -baya
sana, Get the worst, siindwa.
At the worst, swayo yote, kwa vyo-
vyote.

—— v. shinda.

Worsted, n. sufi, uzi wa sufi.

—— a. -4 Worsted.

Wort, n.[ pombe tamu istyochachwa),
togwa.

Worth, n. (value) shamans; (price)
bei, kima, upataji, kiasi; (excel-
lence) Wema, uzuri, uslahiki.

a. -€nyi thamani sawa na, -4

kupata, -a kustahili. What is it

worth ? kiasi gani? chapataje? Be
worth while, faa, It is not worth
while, hatthuru, mamoja.

WORTHINESS

‘Worthiness, ni. kustahili, kuwa
Worthy.

Worthless, a. -sto thamani, hafifu,
thatfu, -baya, -bovu, ovyo, taka,
duni, -dufu.

Worthlessness, n. kuwa Worth-
less, uhafifu, ubovu, kutofaa,

Worthy, a. -a kufaa, -a kustahili,
ema, bora, -a kustahika, -a kupa-
sha, -a kujusia. Make worthy,
Think worthy, stahslisha.

mtu mkubwa (mwema,
"mwenyi sifa, mashuhuri, 8c.|.

Would, p.t. ya Will, v. (In condi-
tional tense), -nga-, -mge-. Would
that, Zaiti.

Would-be, a. -a kujifanya, -a
UWONGO.

Wound, n. jeraha ; (injury) kasara ;
(of feelings) uchungu.

v. Jeruhi, tia jeraha, umiza;
(vex) Za uchungu, choma moyo,
sikifisha.

—— p.t. na pf. t. ya Wind.

‘Wove,p. t.(Woven pf. t.) ya Weave.

Wraock, n. taka sa ufukoni, taka za
bahari.

Wrangle, v. gombana, bishana ma-
neno.

—— n. ugomvi, magombano.

Wrangler, n. mgomvi; (mathema-
tician) (mwenyi kushinda wengi
kwa maarifa yake ya kuhesabu
katika mji Cambridge). -

Wrap, v. kunja, funika. Bewrapped
up in, fungumana na, jifunga kwa,
jitia katika.

‘Wrapper, Wrap, n. nguo ya kuji-
funika, karatasi ya kufunika ki-
funiko.

Wrath, n. ghathabu, hasira, uchu-
ngu.

Wrathful, a. -enyi Wrath.

Wreak, v. pasisha, fikilisa, timilisa.

‘Wreath, n. (flowers) ata ya maua,
maua yaltyosokoteka (kuwa kama
mnyororo), masongo ; (smoke, &c.)
maine [ms-], pindi {ma-], songo
[ma- |}.

——— ne

Wreathe, v. zungusha, zungushia,
zunguka; | fanya Wreath ao kitu

460

WRITING

kama Wreath]. His face was
wreathed in smiles, uso wake uls-
kunjuka sana, sura yake ya ku-
chekelea sana.

Wreck, n. kuvunjika chombo (me-
rtkebu, jahazi), mavunjiko; (ruin)
maangamizi.

v. vunja chombo, vunja, anga-
miza, haribu.

Wreckage, n. [vipande na takataka
ya jahazi ikivunjika |).

Wrecker, n. |(mpweleza jahazi ma-
kusudi ivunjike |.

Wren, n. (ndege ndogo ya Ulaya|.

Wrench, v. nyonga, sonjoa, songo-
nyoa; (strain) toa (twaa) kwa
nguvu na kusonga, popotoa, stusha.

Wrest, v. (strain) vala, geuza; (take
by force) fokonya, nyang anya, toza
kwa nguvu.

Wrestle, v. shindana mbavu | kwa
hushtkiliana), shindana kwa ngu-
vu

Wrestler, n. mshindani | wa- |.

Wretch, n. masikini, mnyonge, mba-
ya sana, mshari, baa | ma-|.

Wretched, a. -enyz hali mbaya, -a
taabu, -a huzuni, -a maumivu.

Wriggle, n. pindi [ma-], kunyonga,
Surukuta.

—— v. jinyonganyonga, enda kwa
kujinyonga.

Wring, v. (p. t. za pf. t. Wrung),
(clothes) kamua, sonjoa; (hands)
tukusa, jituka; (neck) songa;
(cause pain) umiza, lia uchungu,
athibisha; (strain) popotoa, stuska.

Wrinkle,n. finyo | ma- |),kunjo| ma-).

v. fanya mafinyo | makunjo |).

Wrist, n. kiwiko (kifundo) cha
mkono, kilimbtts.

Writ, n. kati. Holy Writ, (Maa-
ndiko Matakatifu |.

Write, v. andika; (a book) buni;
(poetry) Zunga; (engrave) chora;
(correspond) andika barua.

Writer, n. mwandishi |wa-), katibu
[ma-], wakatabahu,

Writhe, v. sinyonga, sitapatapa.

Writing, n. andiko | ma-),m }
[mt-]; (style) mkono, ginsi, ha-

WRITING-DESK

rufu. Writings, maandiko, mika-
taba, vyuo, vitabu,

Writing-desk, n. dawati,

Written, pf. t. ya Write.

Wrong, n. thulumu, uthalimu, uba-
ya, uovu, kosa.

a. -baya, -ovu, -a thambi;

(mistaken) -kosefu, si sawa, st haki.

That is wrong (mistaken), szvyo,

haifai, ni kosa.

v. thalimu, thulumu, tendea
mabaya.

Wrongful, a. -thalimu, 2 kwa haki,
St sawa, -baya.

Wrongheaded, a. -potofu, -baya,

Wrote, p.t. ya Write.

Wroth (Be), v. ghathabika.

Wrought, p.t. 2a pf. t. ya Work, v.
He wrought, akitenda, altfanyiza,
alitenda kasi.

Wrought-iron,n.chuma tliyofuliwa.

'Wrung, p. t. na pf. t. ya Wring.

Wry, a. -a pogo, -a upande, -a
kitongo. A wry face, uso wa
kufinyana,

Y.

Yacht, n. (chombo cha anasa cha ku-
tembelea, cha kushindania mbio
kwa matanga|.

Yachting, n. (matumizi ao mashi-
ndano ya Yacht}.

Yam, n. kiazi [vt-] kikuu.

Yankee, n. msungu wa Amerika
(United States), Amerzkani.

Yard, n. (measure) wart; (of ship)
Soramals; (enclosure) ua (nyua),
uwanda, uwanja; (walled) kitalu.

Yarn, n. kifani; (sailor’s story) #a-
aithi ya baharia, kupiga chuku.

Yaw)|l, n. (mashua ya jahazi).

Yawn, v. figa miayo, fumbua kanwa
sana ; (lie open) fumbuka.

n. mwayo (m:-).

Yawning, a. -/ofumbuka, wazi, ta-
yari kumeza | kuangamiza |.

Ye, pron. = You, ninyi, m-, -wa-.

Yea, adv. ndio, ndivyo, kweli, na’am.

Year, n. mwaka [ms-), siku thelatha
mia settini natano. Attain years
of discretion, pata akili, -wa miu

46}

YON

msima. Last year, mwaka jana.
Year before last, mwaka wa juzi.
Years ago, langu samani, tokeapo.

Yearling, n. (nyama) wa mwaka
mmoja.

Yearly, a. -a killa mwaka.

Yearn (for), v. unuka, tamani sana,
onea shauku, ashithi, chunuka.

Yearning, n. uchu, shauko, tamaa.

Yeast, n. chachu.

Yeasty, a. kama chachu, -a povu.

Yell, n. kelele (ma-, la hofu, vita,
kufisha, 8c. |.

— Vv. figa Yell.

Yellow, n. rangi ya manjano.

Yelp, v. lta (kama mbwa akipigwa).

Yeoman, n. mwenyi nyumba, mwe-
nyt shamba, mngwana (wa-],

Yeomanry, n. = Yeomen; (mili-
tary) asikari wapanda frasi.

Yes, adv. naam, ndio, vema, chee,
ewaa, eewalla,

Yesterday, n. jana. Day before
yesterday, 7223.

Yesternight, n. usiku wa leo.

Yet, adv, (but) /akint, wallakins ;
(still) atta sasa, bado. He has
not yet gone, hajaenda bado.

Yow, n. (mti kama mvinje |.

Yield, v. (give up) toa, acha; (pro-
duce) saa ; (submit) jitoa, shindwa,
rithika, kubali; (give way to pres-
sure) topea, bonyeka, nepa.

n. 4220, Mazao, MAVUNO, Chumo,
fayida.

Yielding, a. /a:nt, -ororo, -a kubo-
nyeka; (compliant) -nyonge, -tit,
sikifu.

Yoke, n. (for cattle) nira ; (slave's)
kongwa; (pair) sost; (bondage)
utumwa; (authority, power) ngu-
vu, Uwezo, mkono.

funga kwa nira, fungasa,

funganisha (ngombe) na gari;
(bind, tie together) funga, funga-
nisha.

Yokefellow, n. mwenzi wa kazi
moja.

Yolk, n. kiini cha yayi.

Yon, Yonder, a. yule, huyo (ule,
huo, ile, hilo, 8c. |. ji

—— Y,

YON

‘Yon, adv. kule, huko.

Yore,n. Of yore, -a kale, kapo kale.

You, pron. wewe; (in comp.) -#-,
-ku-; (plar.) ninyi; (in comp.) m:-,
-wa-,

Young, a. -dogo, -changa, -toto; (in-
experienced) -jzmga. A young man
(or woman), Zijana.

——n. (bird) kinda (ma-J; (animals)
mtoto | wa- |), mwana [wa-}.

Youngster, n. mtoto | wa- |, mtwana
[wa-},

Your, Yours, a. -ako; (plur.) -enz.

Yourself, pron. (plur. Yourselves)
wewe mwenyewe; (plur.) reenye
wenyewe ; (reflex.) -7s-.

Youth, n. ujana, udogo; (young
man) kijana mwanamume [vi-).

Youthful, a. -4 ujana, -a nguvu.

Zanzibar, n. (town and island)
Ongura. A Zanzibar man, mfu
wa Unguja. The Zanzibar dialect,
kiunguja.

Zeal,n. suhudt, bidii, uharara, moyo.

Zealot, n. mwenyi bidii mno, mwenyt
ukarara ; (devotee) mfa wa, sufii.

Zealous, a. -enyi Zeal.

Zebra, n. pu milia,

Zend-Avesta, n. (kifabu kitakatifu
cha kale cha Waajjemt).

THE

462

ZOOPHYTE

Zenith, n. kikwani; (height) upeo,
kipeo, usitawi.

Zephyr, n. ufepo mwanana [wa
magaribt).

Zero, n. ste kifu; (cypher) sifuru ;
(starting-point) mwanso; (lowest
stage) mwisho.

Zest, n. bidii, pupa; (relish) ufamu,
kiungo, cha kukolea.

Zigzag, a. -a kupindikapindika, -a
kipengee, -a kupotokapotoka, upogo
t

Zino, n. sinki.

Zodiac, n. (sehemu ya uwingu juu
yenyi kulekeanana Tropics chini).
Signs of the Zodiac, [syota kubwa
sa Zodiac}.

Zone, n. mshipi [ms-]; (stripe,
band) m/ta [mt-]; (in geography)
sehemu ya dunia (Tas. Frigid,
Temperate, Torrid).

Zoo, n. = Zoological Gardens katika
London.

Zoological, a. -a Zoology, -a mambo
ya Zoology. Zoological gardens,
(bustani kubwa yenyi jamii ya
nyama na ndege namna zole zime-
Jungwa vitunduni)|).

Zoologist,n. mwenyi kujua Zoology.

Zoology, n. (maarifa ya vitu vyenyi
usima, nyama, Ndege, sa .

Zoophyte, n. [russe mnyama nusu
mmea, mnyama ao mdudu kama
mime |.

END.

OXFORD
PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
BY HORACE HART, M.A.
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

ZA

SWAHILI

(ZANZIBAR)

GRAMMAR

BY

A. C. MADAN, M.A.

STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

1905

HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH

NEW YORK AND TORONTO

PREFACE

SWAHILI GRAMMAR is not only simple in itself and easy to
learn, but also a useful introduction to the grammatical structure
common to most, if not all, other dialects of Bantu. This
short treatise is designed to make these two features clear in
the case of Swahili as spoken at Zanzibar’.

Dr. Krapf and Bishop Steere have long since made Swahili
grammar accessible to all students in principles and in details,
but some of the results of their work now admit of being stated
in a somewhat different and shorter form, partly by rearrange-
ment, partly by a more complete separation of Grammar and
Dictionary.

The divisions, distinctions, and terms common to the gram-
mars of most other languages are used in this, not only as
suggesting and facilitating comparison, but as in a marked
degree applicable to the case; Bantu thus furnishing one more
illustration of the deep unities underlying the most widely
different forms of human thought and speech.

Swahili is here written as Bishop Steere wrote it, with the
ordinary English alphabet, as explained in Chapter 1, ‘there
being no sound (in Swahili) which does not so nearly occur
in some European language that the proper way of writing it

' Though that dialect is influenced largely by Arabic in vocabulary,

slightly also in pronunciation, the grammar remains wholly African, i.e.
Bantu, in all essential features.

4 PREFACE

(in Roman characters) can be readily fixed upon and illustrated
by an example.’

References to Bantu in general must be understood as limited
to such dialects as have come under the compiler’s notice, and
those chiefly of Central-and Eastern Africa. Even in these parts
many dialects are still practically unknown.

A. C. Manan.

FORT JAMESON,
NorTH EAST RHODESIA.
March 8, 1905.

CONTENTS.

(The numbers in parentheses on the right refer to the paragraphs)

CHAPTER I

The ALPHABET (1-10) . . oe . .
Vowels (1). . .. oe . oe 9

. Consonants (2) . ee lel eC@S
Special Arabic Sounds ( 3) er ©
Special Bantu Sounds (4-7) . . . . . Io
Swahili roots, words, and accent (8-10). . . Io

CHAPTER II
Nouns (11-65) . . . . . . . It

1. Noun-prefixes (1 1-18) . . . oe . da
Phonetic changes (19,20) . 2 oe . . 12

?. Noun-classes (21, 22) oe . © 6 « 13
Concord-prefixes (23-6) . . 2 . .. 13
Nasal or Noun-set. . . . . . - 13
Non-nasalor Pronoun-set . . . . - 14
Nouns of Arabic origin (27) . - 6 «© « 4
Class1. M-, WA- (28-32). . . . . . +4
Examples . . . «© «© « «© « © J5
Class 2. M-, Mi- (33-6). . . . . . 16
Examples. . . . . . . . . 16
Class 3. KJ/-, VI- (37-40) . . . . . . 16
Examples. . . . . . . . . 17
Class4. U-,N- (41-6) . os . . 77
Eramples . . . . . . . . 18

6 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

PAGE

Class 5. -, MA- (47-51) © 6 © © «© 9
Examples. . . . . . . 19
Class 6. N-, N- (52-5). oe el . .. 20
Examples. . . . . . .. 20
Class 7. PA-, M-, K U- (56-8) . . ... 21
Examples. . . . . . . .. 21
Class 8. KU- (59-61) rr . 21
Examples. . . . . . .. 22

3. Formation of Nouns (62-5) .—..—...... 22
Eramples . . . . . . . . .. 23

CHAPTER III
ADJECTIVES (66-77) . . . . . . . . 24
Comparison of Adjectives . . . - 26
Numerals (72-7) . . . . . . . 26

CHAPTER IV

PRONOUNS (78-100) . . ............... 28
1. Personal (79-86) . . .— lel . . 28

2. Interrogative (87-9) . . . . «. . . 29

3. Demonstrative (90-5) . . oe . 30

of Nearness. . . . . . . - 30

of Reference. ~ . . . . - 30

of Distance oe ee . .. 30

4. Possessive (96,97) . . . . . . .. 31

5. Relative (98) . ... Ww. . .. ZI

6. Reflexive (99, 100) a . 31
TABLE OF CONCORDS (101). a - 32
SWAHILI VERB (TABLE) (102) . aa. - 34

CHAPTER V
VERBS (102-226). . . . . . 2 . 35
1. Verb Structure (103-14) :. . . . . .. 35
Roots (104) . .. «© «© «© «© «© «6 3§
Prefixes (105-11) se - 35
(Conjugation, Person, Tense) . . . - 35
Suffixes (112-14) . . . . . . . 36
(Stem, Voice, Mood) . . . ~~. . 36

CONTENTS

2. Verb Forms (115-226) . . . = -
(1) Person Prefixes (116-20)
Affirmative, Negative .
(2) Tense System (121-5).
Affirmative, Negative .
(3) Conjugation of Simple Verb Stem
Active Voice (126-66) . . .
Affirmative Conjugation .
A. Indicative Mood . .
(az) Present Indefinite (126) .
(2) ” Definite (127)
(c) Perfect (128-30) . .
(zd) Past and Narrative (131)
(e) Future (132) © 6
(7) Conditional Present (1 33)
” Past
(2) Customary (134).
Supplementary Tenses (135)
B. Imperative Mood (136-9) .
C. Subjunctive Mood (140-2) .
D. Infinitive Mood (143-6) .
Participles (147-50)
Negative Conjugation. .
A. Indicative Mood (151-2)
(a) Present (153). .
(6) Past (154) . «© .
(c) Deferred (155, 156)
(7) Future (157). .
(e) Conditional Present (1 8 I sa)
” Past.
B. Imperative (160).
C. Subjunctive (161-3)
D. Infinitive (164) . .
Participles (165, 166) . .
(4) Passive and Neuter Voices (167-73) .
(5) Auxiliaries (174-7) . . .
Kuwa,tobe (178-97) . ee

8 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

Affirmative Conjugation . oe
Negative — >” . .
Kuwa na, to have ( 198-202) . ”
(6) Derived Verb Stems (203-5) .
1. Simple (206) . . .
2. Applied (207-10). . .
. Causal, Intensive = (211-15)
. Reciprocal (216-18) . .
. Reversive (219, 220)
. Stative (221,222).
. Reduplicated (223).
- Reflexive (224-6).

coos OWN Bb GW

CHAPTER VI
ADVERBS (227, 228)
PREPOSITIONS (229-34)
CONJUNCTIONS (235-7) . . . «
INTERJECTIONS (238). . . .

CHAPTER VII

SYNTAX (236-62) .
Dependent Sentences (240) .

A. Reported Speech (241). .

B. Adjectival or Relative Sentences (242-52) .

C. Adverbial Sentences -
(2) when, where (Temporal, Local) (2 5 3)
(4) to, in order to (Final) (254)
(c) if (Conditional) (255-7)
(d@) because (Causal) (258)
(e) though (Concessive) (259) .
(7) so that, so as to (Consecutive) (2660) .
(2) as (Comparative) (261) . . .
(4) without (262)... . 2

SWAHILI GRAMMAR

CHAPTER I
THE ALPHABET

L The English alphabet is used to represent Swahili sounds as
follows :

I. The VOWELS represent the sounds for which they are used in
Italian, i.e. |
A has the sound of av in the word far

E 9 ” a » - Sate
I ” ” ee » — feel
oO 99 ” or » - Sor

U 00 ” fool

In unaccented syllables they also represent sounds resembling
a in pat, ein pet, Zin Pit, o in Pot, u in put.

When two or more vowels are written together each retains its
own sound. Thus azauae is a six-syllable word, wafaao and kuulia
are four-syllable words.

2. 2. The CONSONANTS which have only one sound in English
represent that sound, viz. :

BDEFHIRELMNPRIEVY &

As to the rest,

Q and A are not required.

- Cis used only in the combination CZ, to represent the sound
of ch in chin.

G is used only as in go, never for 7 as in gem.

S is used only as in s¢ze, never for z as in 7158.

Y is used only as a consonant, never as a vowel as in any.

R and Z are pronounced as in English, but their sounds can

for the most part be used interchangeably.

3, Arabic sounds, which maintain themselves in Swahili, though

10 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

tending always to give way before the euphonic instincts of Bantu,
are represented by
GH for Arabic Ghain, sounded like a deep guttural 7.
KH for an Arabic guttural £, always tending to be pronounced as
a simple 4 in Swahili, not as &.
7H for Arabic sounds, including those of ¢# in ¢hin and in
then, and often replaced by s and 2 respectively in Swahili
pronunciation.

4. Bantu sounds requiring special notice are :

(1) the common semi-vowel sound variously represented by 27,
MU, UM, MW, M', appearing most clearly when bearing the
accent. Thus in the word mfu, a person, m and fz are distinct
syllables, and #zmfe is a three-syllable word.

M when used euphonically for # inclines to the sound of ¢m
rather than um, as in mbili (for mwili) and mbaya (for nbaya), and
if it bears an accent is often written 2, e.g. zmbu, mosquito.

5. (2) A similar semi-vowel sound variously represented by JV,
NN, IN, N’, as in the disyllables sacha, nne, and inchi, or nchi.

The intimate connexion of the sounds 4, W, and JU, and of X,
Y, and /, and their euphonic affinities, are a clue to many pecu-
liarities of Bantu phonetics,

6. (3) A complex sound, not easy to pronounce, common in
various forms to many dialects, and in writing Swahili represented
by WG’. It is a close combination of the sounds of WV and G,
forming one syllable with, but not passing on to, the vowel which
follows. It may be compared with the first ag in the word
vring-ing.

7. The use of # in a few important words and prefixes distin-
guishes Swahili from many other dialects of Bantu, e.g. in the
demonstrative adjective of nearness, huyu (§ 92), (kuu, hit, &c.),
in the negative prefix #a, and in the contracted form 4a for nska-,
hi for niki-, and ku as a tense-sign, probably for az ku, e.g.
hupiga.

8. Swahili words of Bantu origin are mostly traceable to roots
consisting of a single consonant or vowel, or of a vowel with a
consonant preceding or following, or both.

NOUNS 11

9. All Swahili words end with a vowel, and are formed of
syllables consisting of a vowel, or of a vowel preceded by a single
consonant. But the consonant may be combined with the sounds
N or M preceding or (the cognate sounds) Y or W following it.

10. The main accent of a Swahili word falls as a rule on the last
syllable but one. Such words as kaa, kuu (in other dialects kala,
kulu) may always be regarded as cases of a doubled vowel—the
first vowel bearing the accent. Monosyllabic words, other than
prepositions (which are not required to bear an accent) and
interjections, are rare. Some Arabic words are accented on the
ante-penultimate syllable, and in this case the accent is usually
marked, e.g. droba, four.

CHAPTER II
NOUNS

I. NOQUN-PREFIXES.

11, In Bantu dialects nouns in general have a formative initial
syllable or prefix, not belonging to the root of the noun. They
have two numbers, singular and plural, and fall into classes
distinguished by the particular pair of prefixes which mark the
singular and plural in each noun.

12. The origin and history of these classes, as implying a classi-
ficatian of all objects of thought and sense under a limited number
of categories, is one of the chief problems of Bantu.

13. On the class of a noun depends the form of all adjectives
and verbs grammatically related to the noun, each noun-prefix
requiring a corresponding prefix in the related word. This law
of Bantu dialects is called concord, the noun-prefix is called a
class-prefix or classifier, and the corresponding prefix of adjective
or verb is here for convenience called a concord-prefix, or in the
case of verbs sometimes a person-prefix.

14. The number of noun-classes in a dialect seldom (if ever)
exceeds ten, and most of these are readily recognizable in all
dialects.

3

12 SWAHILI GRAMMAR \

15. In Swahili the class-prefixes used with nouns are:
M, KI, U, (sometimes) KA, with the singular only,
WA, MI, VI, MA, with the plural only,
. 4V, with both singular and plural.
To these may be added for convenience the locative-prefixes PA,
M, KU, with singular and plural, KU being also the prefix of
the infinitive mood, which is commonly used as a noun.

16. Concord-prefixes include the above, and also add for

adjectives
J, LJ, with the singular,
YA, Z/, with the plural;
and for verbs, among the person-prefixes,
NI, A, or YU, TU.

17. Thus the class-prefixes consist only of sounds of the group
MM, U, W, and of the group WV, J, Y, with the vowel 4, and the
consonants K, 7, P, and V. Concord-prefixes add the consonants
Land Z,

18. Taken together, and with allowance for dialectic variation,
these Swahili prefixes appear to include all that are widely spread
in Bantu, with the exception of ZU in the singular and TU in the
plural.

19. The class- and concord-prefixes are in some cases affected

by the sound immediately following them. Thus:
YA coalesces with an a following, forms e¢ in combination with
é or z following, before 0 is sometimes elided, before # remains
unchanged. In the person-prefixes of verbs A is usually un-
changed, whatever the vowel following.

f and VJ before a, ¢, 0, and « become Y and VY, MI rarely
MY. Otherwise / is unchanged or elided.

U, KU, TU before a, ¢, and ? become W, KW, TW. Before
o and 4 U may have the sound of U or W, or may be elided.

KI often becomes CH before a vowel.

M before a2, ¢, 2 is pronounced MW, before o and # variously as
M, MW,and MU (§ 4).

20. N is a sound of great phonetic importance (§§ 4, 5). As
a purely consonantal prefix it occurs omly before the consonants
a,2,J,y, and z. Before dand vit becomes #. It may be dropped

NOUNS 13

before another #. The combination sw becomes mb, and m2 (nr)
becomes #d. It is traceable in the slightly explosive sound of &, 7,
Pat the beginning of some nouns. Before a vowel it becomes my. .

As a semi-vowel prefix of a few nouns, otherwise monosyllabic,
it occurs also before ch, #, 5, and 7, but is then often written 27.

II. NOUN-CLASSES.,

21. In Swahili all nouns fall into eight classes, six < principal and
two supplementary, the latter containing locative and verbal nouns.
The classes are distinguished by characteristic prefixes or pairs of
prefixes, viz. :

Singular. Plural, Example.

Class1 M | WA M-tu (person) WA-tu
, 2 M MI M-ti (tree) MJ-ti
» 3 AT VI KT-tu (thing) Vitu
» 4 U7 __MY). _.. __U-embe (razor) NY-embe
» 5 MA neno (word) MA-neno —
» 6 N © iV N-jia (road) N-jia

The supplementary classes have

» 7 PA,M, KO mahali (place)
» 8 KU " KU-fa (dying, death).

22. In referring a noun to its class it must be remembered that
in some cases these syllables are not prefixes, but merely the initial
syllables of noun-roots.

“The above class-prefixes have (as has been said) corresponding
concord-prefixes, which are noted under each class separately, and
are also tabulated (§ 101).

23. There are in fact, in five out of the six principal classes, two
distinct sets of concord-prefixes in Swahili, which may be distin-
guished broadly as: /

24, (1) The nasal, or noun-set, identical (except in Class 4 sing.)
with the class-prefixes, consisting of the sounds

MA-, MI-, M(\W), N-, and also WA- (i.e. U-A),
used with all adjectives proper, i.e. all except those here, as com-
monly, called pronominal (i.e. demonstrative, possessive, &c.), and
Arabic adjectives which do not take a prefix.

14 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

25. (2) the non-nasal, or pronoun-set, consisting of the sounds
A-, /- or Y, U- or W-, L/-, ZI, and WA-,
used in all other cases, i.e. with pronominal adjectives, with verbs,
with the relative -0, with the variable preposition 74, and as one
form of the copula.
In the other three classes the class- and concord-prefixes are the
same throughout.

26. The double set makes Swahili more difficult than some other
dialects which have only one, but is of importance as apparently
preserving together two distinct stages or phases of dialectic
development. The latter, or pronoun-set, enters far more widely
and deeply into the grammatical structure of the language than the
former, as will appear in the following pages.

In connexion with each class it will be convenient to note and
illustrate the concord-forms of

(1) Adjectives proper (ch. iii).

(2) Adjectives pronominal (ch. iv).

(3) Verbs, i.e. person-prefix of subject and object, § 116.

(4) Copula, i.e. the syllable used in other dialects as a weak
demonstrative or article, but in Swahili as a connective of subject
and predicate, though it enters as an element into the demonstra-
tives (§§ 86, 119).

(5) Relative ending in -0, §§ 98, 242.

(6) The variable preposition -a, § 229.

27. Nouns of Arabic origin are assimilated to Bantu in different
degrees. Most of them are used without prefixes, and being thus
the same in singular and plural are placed in Class 6 (§ 54). Others
take Ma- in the plural, and so are placed in Class 5 (§ 47). Some
have gradually come to be used with 4/-, U-, or Ki- as prefix, and
are classed accordingly. In a few the Arabic initial syllable is
itself treated as a prefix, and determines the class, e.g. kitabu,
a book, treated as a noun of Class 3 (§ 37).

28. CLASS I

Class-prefix. Sing. 4/-, Plur. WA-.
E. g. M-tu, a person; Wa-tu, persons. (See § 19.)

NOUNS 15

Concord-prefixes.
(1) Adjectives Proper Sing. M- Plur. Wa-
(2) ” Pronominal U- (W-) Wa-
(3) Verbs (3rd pers. sing.) A-, Yu- Wa-
(4) Copula Yu Wa-
(5) Relative -ye, -0 -o (for -w(a)o)
(6) Preposition -a wa (for 4-a) wa (for wa-a)

29. Class- and concord-prefixes are thus the same throughout in
the plural. In the singular the class-prefix 47- is used only with
adjectives proper, but its cognate vowel-sound U appears in all
other cases, with or without a protective Y (i.e. 7) sound, except in
one form of 3rd pers. sing. of verbs and its corresponding relative.

30. It should be noted that J/, as the initial sound of a noun, is
(a) not only the class-prefix of Class 1 as above, but also (4) the
class-prefix of Class 2 in the singular (§ 33), (¢) the euphonic repre-
sentative of MV. in some nouns of Class 6, singular and plural
(§§ 20, 54), (4) the first letter of some noun-roots, i.e. not a prefix.

31. Nouns denoting living creatures, if they begin with 27, belong
as a rule to this class, and in any case may take concord-prefixes
as if belonging to this class.

82. The following examples illustrate the above table and also
some of the euphonic changes already mentioned (§§ 19, 20) :—

m-falme, a chief; wa-falme, chiefs.

mw-ana,a child; wana (for wa-ana), children.

mw-ensi, a friend ; wenzi (for wa-enzt ), friends.

mw-ivi, a thief; wevi (for wa-zvz), thieves,

mu-oga OY m-oga, a coward ; wa-oga or w-oga, cowards.

m-ume,a husband; wa-ume, husbands.
_ mu-umba, a maker; wa-umba, makers.

Mtu, person ; huyu, this; yu, is; mwema, good; wafu, persons ;
wale, those; wa, are; wabaya, bad.

Mtoto, a child; aliye, who is; mtii, obedient; ampendeza,
pleases him; msee, parent; wake, his.

Wanake (for waana wake), women; wetu, our; wawapenda,
love; waume, husbands; wao, their. |

Wafalme, chiefs; wa nguvu, of power, powerful; awa, these;
wana (wa na), are with, have ; akili, sense,

16 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

33. CLASS 2.

Class-prefix. Sing. M-, Plur. MP.
E.g. M-ti, atree; Mi-tli, trees. (See § 19.)

Concord-prefixes.
(1) Adjectives Proper Sing. M- Plur. MI
(2) 5 Pronominal U- 1
(3) Verbs U- 1
(4) Copula U- 1
(5) Relative -o (for -wo,-u-0) -yo (for -2-0)
(6) Preposition -a wa (for -%-a) ya (for -z-a)

34. Class- and concord-prefixes are thus the same for adjectives
proper. In all other cases the 27 of the class-prefix disappears in
the concord-prefix, as in Class 1 (§ 29), the cognate vowel-sound of
M, i.e. U, being preserved in the singular, and the vowel / in the
plural.

Class 4 has identical concord-prefixes in the singular (§ 41).

35. Nouns denoting objects possessing vegetable life belong
(among others) as a rule to this class.

36. Examples.

m-ji, a town; mtt-72, towns.
mw-ezi, a month, moon ; 2z-ezt, months.
mw-aka, a year; mi-aka, years.
mw-tlt, a body; mi-ilf, bodies.
m-oto, fire; mi-olo, fires.

MU-UNGU, God; mi-ungu, gods.
mwembe, mango-tree; Aus, this; wako, yours; %, iS; mkubwa, big.
miji, villages; Add, these; yake, his; z, are; mingi, numerous.
mwauuli, umbrella; wangu, my; ule, that; mweupe, white;

wachakaa, is wearing out.
mtungi, water-jar; huo, that; ulio, which is; wa, of; udongo,
clay; #au,is not; mzuri, nice.

37. CLASS 3.
Class-prefix. Sing. X/-, Plur. VE.
E.g. Kt-tfu,a thing; Vs-tu, things. (See § 19.)

vey OE Rees, wees

‘NOUNS. - 17

Concord-prefixes.

.(1) Adjectives Proper Sing. A7- Plur. Vi-
(2) ” Pronominal Ki- . . Ve
(3) Verbs | Ki- Vi-
. (4) Copula Ki- Vi-
(5) Relative -cho VYO
(6) Preposition -a cha: vya

38. Class- and concord-prefixes are thus identical throughout,
as in Classes 7 and 8.

39. This may be called the class of the concrete and particular,
as Class 4 is that of the abstract. It is also distinctively in
Swahili the class of diminutives. Nouns of other classes are
made diminutives by taking the prefixes of this class in place
of their own. The syllable -ji- is inserted after the prefix in
such cases, when the noun without prefixes is of one syllable
only, and also to form the diminutive of nouns of this class.
E.g. m-jt, a town; kiji-ji, a village; mw-iko, a spoon; kijiko
(for £:72-2ko), a small spoon; chombo, a vessel; kijombo (for kiji-
ombo), a small vessel.

40. Examples.

kiapo, an oath; viapo, oaths.

chanzo, a beginning; vyanzo, beginnings.

cheo, a measure ; vyeo, measures.

kiongozi, a guide; viongozi, guides,

kiungo, a joint; viungo, joints.

chungu, a cooking-pot ; vyungu, cooking-pots.

vili, stools ; Aivi, these; vyako, your; vi, are; Vizuri, nice.

kilabu, book; Aiki, this; cha, of; ngozi, parchment ; Ai, is;
chingine, another.

visibau, waistcoats; wile, those ; uyenu, your; wvyororo, soft ;
vyafaa, are useful.

chakula, food ; chake, his; ndicho, it is that; kilicho, which is;
chema, good.

41. CLASS 4.
. Class-prefiz. Sing. U-, Plur. /-, |

E.g. wembe, a razor; nyembe, razors. (See §§ 19, 20.)
SW. GR. B

18 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

Concord-prefixes.

(1) Adjectives Proper Sing. M- | Plur, N-
(2) ” Pronominal U- Zi-
(3) Verbs U- Zi-
(4) Copula U- Zi-
(5) Relative -o (for we) -20
(6) Preposition -a Wa za

42. The concord-prefix of the singular is the same as the class-
prefix, i.e. U-, in all cases except adjectives proper, in which U is
represented by the cognate nasal sound M(MW). The concord-
prefix of the plural is the same as the class-prefix, i.e. N-, in
adjectives proper only. In all other cases Z/J- is used, a prefix
common in other dialects in the plural. |

Thus the singular concord-prefixes of this class are identical
with those of Class 2 sing. (§ 33) and the plural with those of
Class 6 plur. (§ 52).

43. Nouns which without the prefix U- would be of one syllable
only, retain the Vin the plural. E.g. uso, a face; ny-uso, faces.

44. Some nouns with the prefix U- in the singular have the
prefix MA- instead of /V- in the plural, and the corresponding
concord-prefixes are in that case the same as with MA- in Class 5
plur. (§ 47).

45. Abstract nouns 'as a rule belong to this class, and these
usually have no plural.

46. The-euphonic changes connected with the sound NW (§ 20)
are of great importance in this class as in Class 6, and..explain .
apparent irregularities i in the following :

Examples.

uimbo, a song; nyimbo, songs.

unyele, a hair; nyele, hairs.

ubau, a board; mbau, boards.

ulimi, a tongue; ndimi, tongues. .

upepo, wind; pepo, winds.

ufunguo, a key; funguo, keys.

nyimbo, songs; zile, those; zako, your; zi, are; “suri, good.

wembe, razor; huo, that; «wo, which is; mkali, sharp; w, is;
wake, his. -

ab

NOUNS 19

Junguo, keys; hizi, these; zangu, my; 2, are; kubwa, large.
panga, swords; zao, their; za chuma, of iron; st, are; mbovu,
worthless.
47. CLASS 5.
Class-prefix. Sing. (none). Plur. MA-.
E.g. neno, a word; Ma-neno, words. (See $ 19.)
Concord-prefixes.

(1) Adjectives Proper Sing. (none) Plur. MA-
(2) ” Pronominal LI MA-
(3) Verbs LE MA-
(4) Copula LI MA-
(5) Relative -lo “yo
(6) Preposition -a la ya

48. The singular form of nouns of this class is the root-form of
the noun without class-prefix. But when such a root-form is of
one syllable, //- (or before a vowel sometimes /) is prefixed. In
the plural //- is not retained after the prefix MA-, unless needed
to make the meaning of the noun more distinct.

49. The concord-form of adjectives proper corresponds to the
class-form of the noun, i.e. the adjective is similarly used without
a prefix or preceded by //-. In all other cases the concord-prefix
is in the singular Z7, or before a vowel sometimes Z. In the plural
the concord-prefix is YA-, i.e. the 27 of the class-prefix disappears
(as in the case of Class 1 sing. (§ 29) and of Class 2 sing. (§ 34) ),
but the consonant 4 remains with a protective J (Y), (§ 29).

BO. Nouns of other classes become augmentative by assuming
the characteristics of this class, and nouns of this class by prefixing
Jf- to the root-form. E.g. mfu, a man; jifu, a big man; majitu,
big men. So mfuko, a bag; fuko, a large bag; nyumba, a house;
jumba, a large house; mawingu, clouds; majiwingu, very big
clouds.

61. Examples.

shoka, an axe; mashoka, axes.

ua, a flower; mawa, flowers.

jambo (ji-ambo), an affair ; mambo (ma-ambo), affairs.

jicho, an eye ; macho, eyes; majicho, large eyes.

jino, a tooth; meno (ma-ino), teeth.

B2

20 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

jiwe, a stone; mawe, stones; majiwe, great stones.
_ kasha, box; Aili, this; Zako, your; /, is; sito, heavy.

jibwa, large dog; Azlo, that; Zake, his ; /auma, bites.

pipa, cask; Zile, that; 4/0, which is; jipya, new; “2, is; Zangu,
mine.

magari, wagons; mepest, light; ya miti, of wood; yaja, are
coming. ° |

52. CLASS 6.

Class-prefix. Sing. and Plur. N-.

E. g. njia, a road, roads. (See § 20.)
Concord-prefixes.

(1) Adjectives Proper Sing. and Plur. N-

(2) ” Pronominal Sing. J- Plur. Z/-
(3) Verbs I- ZEE
(4) Copula . 1- ZI
(5) Relative “YO -20
(6) Preposition -a ya za

53. The concord-prefixes are the same as the class-prefixes in
adjectives proper. In all other cases the cognate vowel-sound J is
preserved, with Z prefixed in the plural. In these cases the concord-
forms in the singular are identical with those of Class 2 plur. (§ 34),
while the plural concords are identical with those of Class 4 (§ 42).

54. In this class, as in Class 4, the euphonic changes (§ 20) con-
nected with V are of great importance. Nouns of this class which
have no prefix (such as Arabic and foreign words (§ 27)), or begin
with a consonant not allowing /Vas a prefix (§ 20), are not by them-
selves distinguishable from nouns of Class 5. In sentences, their
class and number is often shown by the concord-forms used with
them. In general, all nouns, which do not change in the plural,
are of this class, whatever their initial letter.

55. Examples.

nyama kali, a fierce animal (animals).

nguo nsuri, a fine cloth (clothes).

Jimbo nyembamba, a thin stick (sticks).

mvua nyingi, much rain.

kasi gumu, hard task (tasks).

dint njema, a good religion (religions).

NOUNS 21

_ #yumba, house; hit, this; yako, your; 1, is; nzuri, fine.
Pembe, horns; hizo, those; zangu, my; 31, are; ndefu, long.
NGUO, clothes; singine, other; stlizo,which are; mbovu, worthless.
sindano, needle; ile, that; ya nguvu, of strength, stout ; yafaa,
is useful.
56.. CLASS 7.

The class- and concord-prefixes are the same throughout, viz.
PA-, M-,and KU-, for singular and plural. The corresponding
forms of the relative are -Zo, -mo, and -ko, and of the preposition
-a, ba, mwa, and kwa. (See § 19.)

57. This is the class of locatives. It contains the one word
mahali (or pahali), place, and also any grammatical expression
equivalent to a noun which is formed with the above prefixes, or
with the locative suffix -#z (3 231). Such expressions may define
time or circumstances as well as place, according to the prefix used.

Thus in general :—

pa- (-f0, pa) implies at, in, to, from (where, whence, whither) in
reference to place and time.

m- (-mo, mwa) implies in, within, into, from, out of, in reference
to place mainly.

ku- (-ko, kwa) implies to, at, in, from, in reference to circum-
stances or environment, including place and time.

Any noun with the suffix -#7 takes concord-prefixes as belonging
to this class. |

58. Examples.

mahali, place; hapa, this; pakubwa, is large.

pakukaa, place to live in; pale, that; petu, our; Sema, good.

utokeako, where it comes out, the mouth of; m/o, the river;
Awembamba, | is narrow.

huko, there; ‘uendako, where we are going; kuzuri, is a nice place.

mwenyi, a spot having; uvuli, shade; mwapendeza, is pleasant.

nyumbani, the inside of the house; mzuri, is nice.

59. CLASS 8.

The class- and concord-prefix is KU- throughout in singular
and plural. The corresponding form of the relative is -ko, and of
the preposition -a, kwa. (See § 19.)

22 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

60. This class is formed almost exclusively of verbal nouns, i.e.
verbs in the infinitive mood used as nouns (§§ 143, 144).

61. Examples.

kufa, dying; kuku, this; Awake, his; u,is; Rwepest, quick.

kushuka, the setting; kwa jua, of the sun.

kuumeni, at the right hand; kwako, your; ndiko, it is there;
kuliko, which is; kwema, pleasant.

62. III. FORMATION OF NOUNS,

Among the potentialities of Swahili (see also § 203), as of Bantu
in general, must be reckoned the great variety of noun-forms which
are, or can be, developed from a single root. This capacity is not
fully utilized, different possible forms from one root being either
merely not in use or used commonly only as synonyms. But the
capacity exists, though in advance of the need to use it; and as
new ideas are acquired, and new shades of thought, feeling, and
taste distinguished, the means of appropriately expressing each is
always at hand awaiting the action of the selective instinct of the
race.

It appears, for instance, that Swahili has a normal and exact
’ expression, when required, for such ideas as those of a threefold
person, viz.: the adjectival root -éafz, three, with the prefix 27,
i.e. Mtafu, a noun of Class 1, and of the nature or essence of
a divine person, as contrasted with that of deity in general, viz. :
muungu (strictly a noun of Class 2) treated as a noun of Class 1,
but without 4 plural, and so practically an invariable, and capable
of taking the prefix U- of abstract nouns, whence the noun
Umuungu of Class 4, in contrast with Uungu.

68. Common ways of forming nouns, available for any root but
in practice limited by use and meaning, may be indicated by a few
examples ;

From -¢#, a noun-root, meaning thing,

ki-tu, plur. vi-tu, Class 3, a (mere inanimate) thing.

m-tu, plur. wa-fu, Class 1, a living thing, but the class limits
the meaning to animal life, and usage to rational life,
hence a person, a human being.

NOUNS 23

u-tu (no plur.), Class 4, the nature or essence of a thing, but
limited generally to human nature or humanity.

Ji-tu, plur. ma-jitu, Class 5, a big man.

kijt-tu, plur. viji-fu, Class 3, a little man.

From -sungu, an adjectival root, meaning strange, foreign,
m-zungu, plur. wa-sungu, Class 1, a foreigner, European.
m-sungu, plur. mi-zungu, Class 2, a strange, odd, foreign

thing.
ki-zungu, Class 3, a strange kind of thing—commonly limited
to things European and especially to European language.
u-sungu, Class 4, the foreigner’s country, Europe, also
European nature or characteristics.

Thus a noun-root may be assigned to at least five classes with

actual or possible distinction of meaning.

64. From verb-roots nouns are formed with prefixes of all classes
and ending with any of the vowels and also with -7%, -shi, -22, -sé,
“Je. The number of possible forms of noun, taken in connexion
with the various verb-stems available, is therefore enormous, and
far outruns the present demands of Bantu civilization. The following
are a few examples ;

From -Zend-, a root meaning love.

ku-penda, Class 8, loving, and the other infinitive forms,
active and passive, kupendwa, kupendelea, kupendelewa,
kupendeza, kupendana, &c.

m-penda, Class 1, and mpendi, one who loves, alover. (The
form ending in -a takes an object after it like any other
form of the verb, the form in -z does not.) Also mpendaji,
one habitually fond (of something), a fancier, a devotee.
M-fendwa, one beloved. Also m-fenzi, one who loves,
or one who is loved, and many other nouns such as
mpendeza, mpendest, mpendezajt, mpendelea, mpende-
lezi, mpendekezi, mpendana, mpendant, mpendanishi,
mpendanishajt.

ki-pendi, Class 3, and kipenzi, a favourite, darling. So
kifendo, an act of kindness, &ifendeleo, Sc.

penzi, plur. mapenzi, Class 5, love, liking, will. Also pendo.

upendo, Class 4, loving, love. Also many other nouns, such

24 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

as upendezi, upendeleo, upendelefu, upendo (and upe-
_ ndano), upendani, upendanisht,
pa-kupendeza, Class 7, and papendeszafo, a pleasant place.
From -shind-, a root with various meanings,
_m-shindi, Class 1, and m-shindaji, a conqueror; m-shinde,
one who is conquered.
meshindo, Class 2, a shock.
shinda, Class 5, a remainder. Also shindo, a shock.
ki-shindo, Class 3, a shock, a slight shock.
u-shinde, Class 4, defeat ; ushindajt, victory.
From -za-, meaning produce, bear (as fruit),
ku-zaa, Class 8, bearing, begetting, producing; kuzaliwa,
being produced, birth. Also kuzawa.
mzaa, Class 1, one who begets or bears; mzazi, a prolific
person; mzeeé, a parent, an old person; ™-za0, produc-
tion, offspring. |
sao, plur. ma-zao, Class 5, produce.
ki-zao, Class 3,a product; kizazi, production, a generation ;
kizalia, a thing indigenous, homeborn; kizee, an old
woman,
u-zazi, Class 4, production, fertility; zao, uzaliwa, uzawa,
being produced, birth; zzee, old age.
From -/-, a root-letter, meaning die.
ku-fa and u-fo, dying ; kifo, dying; ufu, being dead, death ; ;
kifa, a thing dying; kifu, a thing dead,
“65. Relative forms of verbs can also be used as nouns, e.g.
viehdavyo na vistvyokwenda (things which move and things which
do not move), persons and goods; wfanyiawarye things manu-
factured ; 2¢okazo, exports,

CHAPTER III
ADJECTIVES

66. Adjectives, i.e. words used as adjectives only, are not
numerous in Bantu dialects. In Swahili the number is increased
by the use of many adjectives of Arabic origin. These are for the

pS

most part used in one form only with nouns of all classes. Bantu
adjectives are used with concord-prefixes. As already stated and
illustrated in chap. ii, they fall into two divisions, each with
a distinct set of prefixes, viz.: adjectives (1) proper, which include
all except the (2) pronominal, i.e. demonstrative, possessive, &c.
The prefixes of adjectives are, as a rule, subject to the same
euphonic changes as those of nouns (§§ 19, 20). Exceptions are
mpya (for npya) from -fya, new, with nouns of Class 6 and Class 4,
plural, and pipya (for papya) in Class 7, and njema, ngema, zema
(rarely) for nyema, from -ema, good.

ADJECTIVES. 95

67. The adjectives -ofe, all, -eny, having, -enyewe, self, some-
times -zngine, other, rarely -ema, good, take the pronominal set of
prefixes.

68. Thus with nouns of the different classes, the concord-forms
of -ema, good, are:

mwema, wema, mema, chema, vema, njema, jema, pema, kwema.

“baya, bad.

mbaya, wabaya, mibaya, kibaya, vibaya, baya, mabaya, pabaya,
kubaya,

-ake, his, hers.

wake, yake, chake, vyake, zake, lake, pake, mwake, kwake.

~le, that.

yule, wale, ule, ile, kile, vile, zile, lile, yale, pale, mle, kule.

-ote, all.

wote, yote, chote, vyote, zole, lote, pote, mote, kote.

(See also Table of Concords, § 101.)

69. The place of adjectives is largely supplied by adjectival
expressions, viz. : .
(1) the variable preposition -4 with a noun,
e.g. miu wa akili, a man of sense.
(2) the adjective -exyz, having, with a noun,
e.g. mahali penyt uvult, a shady place. _
! (3) a verb in the relative form (§§ 242-52), or the perfect tense
| (§ 129),
e.g. mfungi uliojaa, a full pitcher; mu aliye na nguvu, aman
who has strength, a strong man; alikula mtungi umejaa, he
found a full jar.

26 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

(4) another-noun,

e.g. mtu kipofu, a blind person; nguo zi maji, the clothes
are wet.

70. All adjectives follow the noun qualified, except the (Arabic)
adjective £zJ/a, every (which precedes the noun), and also com-
monly the demonstrative adjectives huyu, huo, yule, &c.

71. To compare objects with respect to a quality, it is usual
merely to assert or emphasize the quality in one of them, or to
assert it of one and deny it of the other.

E.g. nyumba hit kubwa, this house is large, i.e. the larger
(largest), or nyumba hit kubwa, si ile, this house is the large
one, not that.

But the qualifying adjective may be followed by kuliko, as com-
pared with, to express, more or less than, or by zaidi ya, ku pita,
more than.

72, ‘NUMERALS,

In Swahili both Bantu and Arabic numerals _ are in use. The
Bantu numeral nouns are eight only.

Nouns. Bantu. ARABIC.
one most wahedi
two pili theneen
three tatu thélatha
four nne droba
five tano hamsi
six - sita
seven - saba
eight nane. themanya
nine kenda tissya, tissa
ten kumi dshara

78. The Bantu scale, with sifa and saba always used for six and
seven, is most common up to ten. From ten to twenty both scales
arecommon Thus:

eleven kumi na moja edashara
twelve kumi na mbili thenashara
thirteen kumi na tate thelitashara
fourteen kumi na nne arobatashara
fifteen kumi na tano hamstashara

ADJECTIVES 27
Nouns. BANTU. ARABIC.
sixteen “kumi na sita sttashara
seventeen kumi na saba sabatashara
eighteen kumi na nane themantashara
nineteen kumi na kenda tissatashara

74. After twenty the scales are commonly combined, i.e. Arabic

tens are followed by Bantu units.

precede the tens.

makumi mawili

The Arabic units, if used,

twenty ishirini
twenty-one ishirins na moja or wahedi u ishirini
twenty-two #shirini na mbili or theneen u ishirini

and so on.

thirty makumi matatu thelathine

forty makumi mane arobaini

fifty makumi matano hamsini

sixty makumi sita sillini

seventy makumi saba sabwint

eighty makumi manane Ihemanini

ninety makumi kenda sessaint

The Arabic word mia is used for hundred, and e/fu for thousand.

75. Six of the Bantu units have adjectival forms, and take the

concord-prefixes of adjectives proper, viz. ;

one moja Ne
two wili -tano
three -Zafu eight -nane

All the other numerals are used as adjectives without change.

76. Ordinal adjectives are formed by using the variable preposi-
tion -a with the numeral nouns, e.g.

-a mosi, or -a kwanza, first,
-a pili, second,
-a tatu, third, and so on.
77. The commonest fractional parts are expressed by Arabic

terms for parts of a dollar, e.g. ¢humuni, an eighth; robo, a quarter ;
nussu, a half; kassa robo, three-quarters (lit. less a quarter).

28 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

CHAPTER IV
PRONOUNS

78. Under the term pronouns are here included:

Pronouns (1) personal and (2) interrogative, pronominal adjec-
tives, (3) demonstrative, and (4) possessive ; also the (5) relative
and (6) reflexive forms of verbs.

79. 1. Personal pronouns.
The full forms are:

Sing. 1. mimz, I Plur. 1. sisi, we
2. WEWE, you 2. ninyi, you
3. yeye, he (she, it) 3. wao, they

80. These are reduplicated forms of pronominal roots common
to many Bantu dialects. Other such roots occur in the corre-
sponding person-prefixes of verbs given below (§ 116).

81. A shorter form of the pronouns in common use is:

Sing. 1. miye, I Plur. 1. siye, we
2. weye, wee, you 2. myte, you
3. yee, he (she, it) 3. wao, they

82. The simplest form is seen in combination with a, which is
both conjunction ‘and’ and ‘preposition ‘ with,’ viz. :

nami, and I, with me
nawe, and thou, with you
and so naye, nasi, nanyi, nao.
83. It is also used in combination with maz-, which is equivalent
to the copula ##, as an emphatic form of the pronoun, viz. :
natmi, it is I
ndiwe, it is you
and so ndiye, ndisi, ndinyi, ndio, &c.

84. For purposes of concord with adjectives the personal
pronouns are treated as nouns of Class 1, and take the same
forms of relative, i.e. -ye, -0, and of the preposition -2, i.e. wa.
With verbs three of the personal pronouns have different forms of
concord-prefix according as they relate to the subject or the object
of the verb, viz. sing. 2nd and 3rd pers., and plur. 2nd pers. (§ 116).

PRONOUNS . 29

85.
SUBJECT. OBJECT,
Sing. 1. (mim, T) ni-, n- ni-
2. (wewe, you) U-,We -ku-
3. (yeye, he, she) a-, yu- em -MW-
Plur, 1. (sész, we) tu-, kw- -lu-
2. (minyi, you) M-, mw- -wa-
3. (wao, they) wa- -wa-

86. The prefixes of the subject are also used independently as
Copula after or without the pronouns (§ 119). |
E.g. mimi ni mrefu, | am tall
yu mdogo, he is small
ninyi mwema, you are good,

For these person-prefixes see further chap. v (§§ 116-20).
87. 2. Interrogative pronouns. These are;

nani, who?

nini, what?

lint, when?

wapi, where?

mbona, why?

kwa nini, ya nini, kwani, why? what for?
-je (as affix of verbs), and kwaje, how ?

88. Of these, #27 and wapi are often used as affixes of verbs
in the forms -#2 and -f/, e.g. wafanyani ? what are you doing?
aendapi ? where is he going? /e? how? is used independently,
but then generally to call attention to something that follows, or
followed by another interrogative, e.g. je, Aabart gani? well,
what is the news?

89. The following are adjectival : |

gani? of what sort? what sort of? When used of persons it
usually implies, of what tribe? . It follows the noun, whatever its
class, without change of form.

pi? which? takes the concord-prefixes of pronominal adjectives,
i.e. yu-pi, wa-pi, u-pt, i-pi, &c. (§ 101).

-ngapi? how many? takes the concord-prefixes of adjectives
proper, e.g. wa-ngapt, vi-ngapt, ma-ngapi, &c. (§ 101).

30 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

90. 3. Demonstrative adjectives, .

In Swahili, as in other dialects of Bantu (and in other languages),
there are three forms of demonstrative, distinguishing objects in
respect of position or importance, as—near, intermediate, and
distant, connected with the personal pronouns, as—near me, near
you, near him (her, it), and corresponding generally to—this, that
(yonder), that (at a distance).

91. All three forms include the sound or syllable most generally
characteristic of the concord-forms relating to each class of noun,
viz. the pronoun set, § 25.

Class1. Sing. Y Plur. W
2. U yA
3 KI VI

4. U ZI
5. LIT YA
6 I ZI
7. Sing. and Plur. PA, M, KU
8 KU

92. (1) Demonstrative of nearness, this.

The characteristic is A- (§ 7) prefixed to a reduplicated but
shortened form of the (pronoun) concord-syllable. Thus kwyu for
hyuyu, hawa for hwawa, &c.

Class 1. Sing. huyu Plur. kawa
2. huu hit
3. hiki hivi
4. huu hizi
BR hili haya
6. hii hizi
7. hapa, humu, huku
8. kuku

93. (2) Demonstrative of reference or relative nearness, that.

This is the same as the demonstrative of nearness with the final
vowel changed to -0, which is also the characteristic of the relative
pronoun ($ 98). Thus its forms are—Awyo, hao (hawo), huo, hiyo,
hicho, hivyo, hilo, hayo, huo, hizo, hapo, humo, huko.

94. (3) Demonstrative of distance, that.

.The characteristic is -4e, suffixed to the concord-syllable. Thus
its forms are:

PRONOUNS : ol

Class 1. Sing. yule Plur. wale
2. ule ile
3. kile vile
4. ule ile
5 lile yale
0. ile zile
y. Sing. and Plar. ale, mle, kule
8. kule

95. An emphatic form of the third demonstrative is made by
doubling it, e.g. yule yule, vile vile, pale pale; and of the first
and second by use with the concord-syllable doubled and pre-
fixed, e.g. vivi hivi, vivyo hivyo, zizi hizi, sizo hizo, papa hapa,
papo hapo. Sometimes the first and third are combined, as in
huyule, hivile, hapate.

96. (4) Possessive adjectives.

Sing. I. -angu, my Plur. -e/u, our
2. -ako, your enu, your
3. -ake, his (hers, its) -ao, their

The concord-prefixes are those already given for pronominal

adjectives in chap. ii. (See Table, § 101.)
. * 97. The concord-forms of sing.2nd and 3rd and plur. 3rd are some-
times affixed to nouns in a shortened form, consisting of their first
and last letters, e.g. jinalo for jina lako, your name; nyumbaye for
nyumba yake, his house (sometimes also myumbake); babazo for
baba zao, their fathers.

98. (5) The relative rarely appears in Swahili except as part of
a verb-form. Its characteristic is -o (or, with Class 1, -ye) com-
bined as final vowel with the concord-prefix. Thus it has, according
to the class of its antecedent, the following forms, viz. -ye, -0, -yo,
-cho, -vyo, -20, -lo, -po, -mo, -ko. But -o can be used for any of all
these forms.

For the use of the relative in verbs see §§ 242-52, 69.

99. (6) The place of a reflexive pronoun is supplied by the
syllable 7z- prefixed to the root of the verb for all persons, classes,
and numbers. Its reflexive force is often emphasized by using the
adjective -exyewe, self, in concord with the subject of the verb, or
the noun #a/sz, self, after the verb (§§ 224, 225).

100. The vowel-sound / occurs in the reflexive of many Bantu
dialects alone or with various consonants.

82 '

SWAHILI GRAMMAR

CLASS
——...
Sing. Plur.
Class-prefix M- WA-
Example min, watu

Concord-prefix Me

(1) Adjectives mwa

(2) Pronouns -, yu wa-
Verbs a-, yu-, (m-) wa-
Copula yu wa
Relative Ye, -0 -0
EXAMPLES,

(1) Good Mwema Wema
Bad mbaya wabaya
Large mkubwa wakubwa
Small mdogo wadogo
Many, much | mwingi wengi
Howmany..? wangapi

, (2) OF wa wa
Having mwenyi wenyi
Self, very IMWENYEWE WENYEWE
Other { mwingine wangine
All, whole wote wote
Which..? | yupi wafi
My wangu wangu
Your wako wako
His (hers, its) | wake wake
Our wetu welu
Your WENU WENU
Their wao wao
This huyu hawa
This, that huyo hao
That yule wale
Who (which) | aliye walio

is
“Itisthis(that)| ndiye ndio
He (she, it, | yana wana
they) has
Which. he | aficho walicho
(she, it) has nacho nacho

2
Sing. —Plur.
M- ME
mli mite
YA
wy
n- mi.
“- ?-
u- ?-
“ ?
.0 -YO

MWEMA MEME

mbaya mibaya
mkubwa mikubwa
mdogo midogo
mwingi mingi
mingapi
wa ya
wenyi. yenyi
WEITYEWE yenyewe
mngine
mwuingine MINGINE
wote yote
upi ipi
wangu yangu
wako. yako
wake yake
wetu Jetu
wenu yenu
wae yao
huu hit
huo hiyo
ule tle
ulio iliyo
ndio ndiyo
una ina
ulicho. ilicho
nacho

nacho

Sing. Plur.

KIE VI-

kitu Ni vitu

-

ki. vi-

ki. vi-

ki vi-

ki vi

-cho vyo
chema. vema
kibaya = vibaya
kikubwa vikubwa
kidogo vtdogo
chingté vingi

vingapi

cha vya
cheny: vyenyi
chenyewe vyenyewe
chingine
kingine vingine
chote vyote
kipi vipi
changu vyangu
chako vyako
chake vyake
chetu vyetu
chenu vyenu
chao vyao
hiki hivi
hicho. hivyo
kile vile
kilicho. vilivyo
ndicho ndivyo
kina vina
kilicho vilicho

macho nacho

101. TABL
4 |
Sing. Plur. |
U- N.
ue seyembe
YA
m-~ "-
u- zi-
“- si-
u at
-0 20
MWEMA njema
mbaya mbaya
mkubwa kubwa
mdogo ndogo
mwingi nyingi
ngapi
wa za
WENYI zenji
mungine
MWINGINE sing
wote sole
upi stpi
wangu zangu
wako sako
wake sake
wet sein
wen zens
wao 220
huu hizi
huo hizo
ule site
ulio zilizo
ndio ndizo
una zina
ulicho stliche
nacho macho

TABLE OF

OF CONCORDS.

5

Sing. Plur.
- MA-
NENO —-maneno

- Ia
Zi. ya-
Zi. ya
“i ya
-lo yo

jema mema

baya maba ya
kubwa makubwa
dogo madogo
jingi mengi
mangafi
la ya
lenyi yenyi
lenyewe yenyewe
fimgine
lingine mangine
lote yote
“pi | - yapt
langu yangu
lako =—_—- yako
lake = yake
Jets yetu
enu yenu
Zao yao
hili. haya
hilo hayo
hile yale
‘itilo yaliyo
ndilo ndiyo
Jina yana
dilicho yaltcho
nacho nacho
SW. GR.

6
Sing. _ Plur.
AN N.
njia 4 njia
n- n-
g- gt.
:- Bs.
2 at
-yo -30
njema njema
mbaya mbaya
kubwa kubwa
ndogo ndogo
nyingi nyingi
ngapi
ya za
yenyi. zenyi
yenyeme senyewe
_ nyingine
ingine zingine
yole zole
ipi sipi
yangu zangu
yako zako
yake zake
setu sefu
yenu Zenu
yao 2a0
hii hizi
hiyo hizo
tle wtle
iliyo sthigo
ndiyo ndizo
ina Sina
tlicho zilicho
nacho. macho

CONCORDS
7
Sing. and Plur.
PA- MM. | KU.
mahali - -
pa- m- ku-
pa- m- ku.
pa- I ku-
pa ms ku
po IMO ko
pema. mwema kwema
pabaya mbaya kubaya
pakubwa mkubwa kukubwa
Padogo mdogo kudogo
pengt mwingi kwingi
Pangapi mngapi kungapi
pa mwa kwa
Penyi mwenyi kwenyi
penyewe mwenyewe kwenyewe
IMULINE
pangine mwingine kwingine
pote mote kote
Papi (mpi. kupi
pangu mwangu kwangu
mwako kwako
pake mwake. kwake
petu mwetu kwetu
penu mwenu kwenu
pao mwao kwao
hapa humu huku
hapo humo. huko
pale mle kule
Palipo mlimo kuliko
ndipo ndimo ndiko
pana MNA kuna
palicho mlicho. kulicho
nacho nacho nacho

KU.
kufa

ku-
ku.
ku-
ku’
-ko
kwema
kubaya
kukubwa
kudogo
kwingi

kungapi
kwa

kwenyi
kwenyewe

SWAHILI GRAMMAR

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VERBS | 35

CHAPTER V

VERBS

103. J. VERB-STRUCTURE.

The verb in Swahili, as in Bantu generally, is rich in forms.
These may be conveniently classified under the grammatical terms
in common use for other languages.

104. A verb-root is that part of a verb which appears, in Swahili
without change, in every form based upon it, and is generally
traceable to a single syllable or letter.

A verb-stem consists, in what may be called its simple or primary
form, of a root followed in verbs of Bantu origin by the vowel a.
Verbs of Arabic origin may end in z, e, or #, and retain this vowel
in nearly all the verb-forms. The verb-stem is used as the impera-
tive 2nd pers. sing. (§ 136), and with 4s- prefixed is the infinitive .
form of the verb (§ 143).

105. All verb-forms consist of a root with various (A) prefixes
and (B) suffixes, i.e. various syllables or letters preceding and
following the root. These syllables are the means of distinguishing
verb-stems, voices, conjugations, moods, tenses, and persons,
They are here taken in the order in which they occur in verb-forms,
and an illustration of each is inserted for convenience here, in
‘anticipation of detailed explanations given hereafter:

106. A. Prefixes.

These are the means of distinguishing conjugation, person, and
tense.

(1) Conjugation, affirmative and negative, is always shown in the
indicative mood by the presence or absence of a negative prefix in
the initial syllable of a verb, in the subjunctive, in the second
syllable. (The negative prefixes are 4a and st, § 117.)

E. g. wapenda, they love; ha-wafpendi, they do not love;
wasipende, (that) they may not love.

107. (2) Person, first, second, and third. Number, i.e. singular
and plural, and also class (of the noun forming the subject of the
C2

86 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

verb) are all shown by the initial syllables of every finite verb-form.
This initial syllable is called the concord- or person-prefix.

108. A second concord-prefix can be used immediately preceding
the root, similarly defining the object of the verb as to person,
number, and class. Its insertion implies the reference of the verb
to a definite object, conveyed in English by a pronoun, him, her, it,
them, or by the article, the. It is often convenient to refer to these
two important prefixes as subject-prefix and object-prefix.

109. A third concord-prefix in the relative form, i.e. having as
its vowel the characteristic -0 (§ 98), is (when used) in most tenses
inserted immediately after the tense-sign, whatever its antecedent.
This is called the relative-prefix.

Thus a single verb-form may by its form separately define subject,
object, and antecedent, as to person, number, and class. (See
§ 116.)

110. Thus in the following examples, the past-tense sign -Zi- being
used (§ 131):

alipenda, he (she, it) loved, the initial a- defines the subject of
the verb as 3rd sing. Class 1,

nilikipenda, | loved it, mz defines the subject as Ist sing. Class I,
ki the object as 3rd sing. Class 3.

walichom’pa, which they gave him, wa defines the subject as
3rd plur. Class 1, cho the antecedent as 3rd sing. Class 3, # the
object as 3rd sing. Class 1.

uilivyoviletea, which they brought to them, subject, object, and
antecedent are all defined by v7-, -vyo-, -vi-, as 3rd plur. Class 3.

111. (3) Tenses are distinguished by a characteristic prefix im-
mediately following the subject-prefix, as e.g., the tense-prefix /
in the above examples (§§ 121-5).

112. B. Suffixes,

These are the means of distinguishing verb-stems, voices, and
moods.

(1) Verb-stems are distinguished by the syllable immediately
following the root-syllable (see §§ 203-26), and are called;

(a) Simple, e. g. fung-a, bind.
(6) Applied, e. g. /ung-s-a, bind to (for, with, at, &e.).

VERBS 37

(c) Causal, e. g. fung-zsh-a, cause to bind.
(d) Reciprocal, e. g. fung-an-a, bind each other.
(ce) Reversive, e. g. fung-u-a, unbind.
(/) Stative, e.g. fung-am-a, be bound.
113. (2) Voices are distinguished by the syllable or letter following
the verb-stem (see §§ 167-73), viz. :
(a) Active, e.g. fung-a, bind.
(4) Passive, e.g. fung-w-a, be bound.
(c) Neuter, e.g. fung-ik-a, be bound.
114, (3) Moods are distinguished by the final vowel of the verb.
(see §§ 140, 161), viz. :
(a) Indicative, final vowel a, e.g. wafung-a.
(6) Subjunctive, final vowel e, e.g. wafung-e.
The forms of the so-called imperative and infinitive moods have
been already mentioned, § 104. (See §§ 136, 143.)

115. II, VERB-FORMS.

(1) Person-prefixes.

(2) Tense-system.

(3) Affirmative and negative conjunction of a simple verb-
stem in the active voice.

(4) Passive and neuter voices.

(5) Auxiliary verbs.

(6) Derived verb-stems.

116, (1) Person-prefixes.

The following prefixes indicate person, number, and class of
subject and object, in tenses of the indicative and subjunctive
moods, affirmative and negative. .The corresponding relative
forms are added for completeness, § 98. (See also § 102.)

SINGULAR,
Subj. Obj. Negative Relative
Indic. Subjunct.
Class 1. Pers. 1. i-, n- ni- Si- nisi- “ye, -0
2. U-, W- -ku- hu- usi- >”

3. a-, y= = -m-,-mw- ha- asin 9

88 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

. Subj. Obj. Negative Relative
Indic, Subjunct.
Class 2. Pers. 3. U-, We hau- = ust- “0
3. his, ch- haki. kisi- cho
4: "the, W- hau- = usi- -0
5. it-, 1. hali- = lists -lo
6. t-, y- hat- tsé- -y0
7. pa-, p- hapa- pasi- po
M-, mw- ham- msi. -mo
ku-, kw- haku- kust- -ko
8. ku-, kw- haku- kusi- ko
PLURAL.
Class 1. Pers. 1. £f4-, tw- tu- hatu- = tust- “0
2. Me, MW- wa- ham- msi- -0
3. wa wa- hawa- wast- -0
Class 2. Pers. 3. t-, y- hai- tsi- YO
3. vi-, Vy- havi- visi- -vyo
4. Bi-, ze hazi- — si st- “20
5 ya- haya- = -yast- yo
6 si-, 2- hazsi- = zisi- -20
7 pa-, p- hapa- pasi- po
m-, mw- ham- = msi- -mo
ku-, kw- haku- kust- RO
8. ku- haku. kusi- RO

117. The negative forms consist of the affirmative preceded by
ha (except the Ist pers. sing. which is sé) in the indicative, and of
the same followed by sz in the subjunctive mood.

118. Every finite verb-form in Swahili begins with one of the
above prefixes.

119. All the subject-prefixes of the indicative have a regular
independent use as copula, i.e. to connect subject and predicate.
E. g. sisi, we; katu, are not; fayart, ready.
ng'ombe, oxen; Asst, these; si, are ; nsuri, fine.
yu, he is; mrefu, a tall man.

120. In 2nd pers. plur. 4u is often used for wa as object-prefix,

with #z added at the end of the verb, distinguishing it from the
2nd pers. sing.

. VERBS 39

E.g. nakupigani, | beat you (plur.) instead of nawapiga, which
might mean, I beat them, or nakupiga, which means, I beat you

“ (sing.).

121. (2) Tense-system.
The affirmative conjugation has the following tenses in the
indicative mood;

Tense-prefix
Present indefinite . . . -a-

» definite . . . -na-
Perfect . . . . . -me-
Past . . . . . . <A, -alte

>, narrative . . . . -ka-
Future . . . . . -la-

Conditional present . . . -nga-, -nge-
93 past e . . -ngalt-
Customary (without person-prefix) u-

The affirmative subjunctive has only one form without distinction
of tense.

122. The negative conjugation has in the indicative :

Present . . . 4 . - (no tense-prefix)

Past (and perfect) . . . . -ku-
Future (as in affirmative) -ta-
Conditional present » -nga-, -nge-
” past >” -ngali-
Deferred . . . . . . ja-

The negative subjunctive has one form without tense-prefix, and
also a form of the

Deferred tense . . . . . je-

123. The tense-prefix (as has been stated, $ 111) always im-
mediately follows the person-prefix, whether affirmative or negative.

124. Of these tense-prefixes, only a, 4a, mga, ja, and ku can
carry an accent or form the last syllable but one of any verb.
When za, li, me, fa, nge, ngali, or ja are followed by a verb of one
syllable, the verb is always used in the infinitive form, i.e. with £4
prefixed to the root to carry the accent.

E. g. maja, | come; nina-kuja, | am coming.

40 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

125. The tense-prefixes which appear to be least commonly
used in other Bantu dialects are Za (as future), me (as perfect), .
and hx.

(3) Affirmative and negative conjugation of a simple verb-
stem in the active voice.

AFFIRMATIVE CONJUGATION.

126. A. Indicative mood. ~

(a) Present indefinite. Tense-prefix -a-.

E.g. napenda, I love, i.e. #-, for mz-, person-prefix of 1st pers,
sing. Class 1, -a-, tense-prefix as above, -Zenda, simple verb-stem,
love, I love. And so with all the person-prefixes forming concord
with the various classes of nouns,

SING. PLUR.
Pers, I. - Pers, 1. ¢w-
2. We 2. mw-
3. (a-) > a-penda _ 3. w(a)-}a-penda
w-,ch-,l~ Js UY>, B-
p, mw-, kw- p-, mw-, kw-

127. (8) Present definite. Tense-prefix -xa-.

E.g. anapenda, he (she, it) is loving, i.e. -a, person-prefix of
3rd sing. Class I, -za-, tense-prefix as above, -Zenda, verb-stem,
love, he is loving. j

Pers. 1. ni- Pers, 1. f2-

2. 4- . 2. m-

3.a- \ ma- a 3. WE. na-penda
u-, ki-, li- 2-, Ute, ya-
pa-, m-, kuj: pa-, m-, ku”

128. (c) Perfect. Tense-prefix, -me-.

This tense denotes an action completed or a condition established.
E.g. nimepiga, | have struck; nimechoka, | have become tired,
I am tired. The other person-forms are the same as those given
under the present definite, § 126.

129. This tense has the force of a pluperfect, when the context
clearly refers the meaning of the verb to past time, e. g. nalimkuta
amepiga, | found him, he has struck, i.e. I found (that) he had

VERBS 41

struck. It is also used to qualify a noun, as a kind of verbal
adjective, e.g. palikuwa mtungi umejaa, there was a pitcher (it
has) become full; i.e. a full pitcher (§§ 69, 150).

130. Ka- is often used with the force of the perfect-tense prefix,
but without person-prefixes or the distinctions of meaning which

they imply, e.g. kaenda, he (she, it) has gone, they have gone;

kafa, he (she, it) is dead, they are dead.

‘181. (47) Past. Tense-prefixes, -/#-, -ali-, -ka-.

E.g. nilipiga, | struck; nalikuja, I came.

In relating past events, -ka- is regularly used in all verbs after
the first, and sometimes -4z-, forming a past tense of narrative.
Nika- at the beginning of such verbs is often contracted to ha-,
and wzki- to ki-. Ka, thus used, serves also as a connective with
the verb preceding.

182, (e) Future. Tense-prefix, “ta,

When a relative follows the tense-prefix, -/aka- is used for ta.
E.g. nitapiga, | will strike; utakuja, you will come; atakayepiga,
he who will strike (§ 245).

The present-tense is often used for the future with reference to

what is certain or soon to follow.

- 183. (f) Conditional, Present. Tense-prefix, -aga-, -nge-.
9 Past. >” -ngali-.

E.g. ningapiga or ningepiga, | would (should) strike; ingawa,
ningekuwa, | would (should) be; ungalipiga, you would (should)
have struck; amgalikuja, he would (should) have come.

These tense-forms are regularly used in both parts of a conditional
sentence. (See § 256.)

184. (2) Customary. Tense-prefix, 44-.

This verb-form is not strictly a tense. It consists of the copula
ni contracted with the infinitive form of verbs, i.e. Au for nz ku-, e.g.
hupiga for ni kupiga. It is used without subject-prefixes and thus
denotes merely what is repeated or customary, without distinction

‘of tense (time) or person, &c., except so far as defined by the

context or by an object-prefix inserted after Az.
E. g. mimi huszipenda, |, generally speaking, like them; mfalme
kukana, the chief.repeatedly denied.

42 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

huenda, hwenda, is often used as an adverb, perhaps, I daresay,
possibly, lit. it often goes or happens.

185. Various supplementary tenses are formed by using parts of
the verb £uwa, to be (§§ 178-97), in connexion or combination with
parts of another verb. Such are:

Present perfect, e.g. nimekuwa nikipiga, I have been striking
(for the form ikipiga see below, §§ 147, 148).

Past imperfect, nalikuwa nikienda or nalikienda, | was going.

Pluperfect, nalikuwa nimekwenda, | had gone.

Future imperfect, nifakuwa nikienda, | shall be going.

Future perfect, nitakuwa nimekwenda, | shall have gone.

See also Auxiliaries, §§ 174, 175.

A past perfect, in which the idea of completion is emphasized, is
supplied by the use of zska (or kwisha), finish, as a semi-auxiliary,
followed by an infinitive or a verb-stem only. E.g. amekwisha
piga (or kupiga), he has (already) struck.

136. B. Imperative mood.

The simple imperative of direct command has two forms only,
viz. the verb-stem without person-prefix fur the sing. 2nd pers. and
the same with the pronoun-suffix -## for plur. 2nd pers. E.g. figa,
strike (sing.); Pigani, strike (plur.). |

137. Ka is often prefixed to this form of imperative, as a kind of
expletive, e.g. kapiga, strike then! strike, will you?

138. For a mild imperative of all persons the subjunctive forms

are used, and for the imperative generally in Zanzibar. E.g. niende,
let me go; apigwe, let him be beaten.

189. Monosyllabic verbs as a rule use the subjunctive forms,
but occasionally the infinitive, e.g. kula, kulant, eat. Ja, come,
alone has a common irregular form for the imperative, viz. #700,
njooni. Iwe, for uwe, and iweni or wani are sometimes used as
the imperative of kuwa, to be.

140. C. Subjunctive mood.

One form is used without distinction of tense (time), viz. the
verb-stem preceded by person-prefixes only, and with the final
vowel, if 2, changed to ¢.

141. This mood may be contrasted generally (as in other lan-

VERBS 43

guages) with the indicative, as the subjective with the objective
mood, and is used:
(a) as a mild imperative (see above, § 138);
(4) as a deliberative, to express doubt or anxiety, e.g. niende,
I may go, suppose I go; and often interrogatively,
nipige, am I to strike? shall I strike? what if I strike?
(c) in various subordinate clauses, especially in final, to express
, a purpose. (See chap. vii, Syntax.)

142. Ka is often inserted after the person-prefix as a connective,
e.g. niende nione, let me go to see; niende nikaone, let me go and
see (§ 131).

143. D. Infinitive mood.

_ The infinitive form is always the verb-stem with the prefix 4x,
often pronounced kw before a, ¢, 7, and & before 0. Object-prefixes
and the reflexive are inserted between £w and the root.

144. The infinitive is freely used as a verbal noun, and as such
supplies almost the whole of Class 8 (§§ 59-61).
145. It is also used: |

(a) frequently to express the purpose of an action, e.g. aéz-
kwenda kununua, he went to buy (§ 254);

(8) sometimes for any finite verb-form, when a cumbrous
repetition of prefixes may thus be avoided, e.g. aka-
wapiga na kuua, he struck and killed them; aliyekufa
na kustkwa, (he) who died and was buried ;

(c) to give prominence to the general idea of a verb, followed
by the form which indicates its special application, e.g.
kufa utakufa, die you certainly will.

146. The infinitive form appears in two tenses, viz. the customary
(§ 134), and the negative past (§ 154), and in other tenses to bear
the accent when the verb is monosyllabic (§ 124).

147. Participles.

Two forms of the verb are used in a way which may be called
participial, or as verbal adjectives.

(1) The first is formed by using -4- in the place of a tense-
prefix. It corresponds generally to the English present participle,
and indicates an action or state as present, continuing, or contingent,

44 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

while defining it as to class, person, and number, both of subject
and object.

Thus it has the forms:

. SING. PLUR.
Pers. 1. #:- Pers. 1. t#6-
2. te 2. m=
3. a- }hi-penda 3. wa- yki- penda
“-, ki-, li- i-, Ut-, ya-
pan, ku-, m- pa-, m-, ku-

148. Nikipiga, | striking, may be variously translated according
to the context by, if (in case, supposing) I strike, as I strike, when
(though, because, since, &c.) I strike.

149. Xz is sometimes used as a narrative past-tense prefix and
niké- contracted to 4: (§ 131).

150. (2) The second form is the indicative perfect with the
tense-prefix -me- used adjectivally (see § 129).

NEGATIVE CONJUGATION.

151. The general characteristic of the negative conjugation is the
use of the negative prefixes Aa and s?, in connexion or combination
with the person-prefixes of the affirmative conjugation (see Person-
prefixes, §§ 116, 117), Aa being used in the indicative except in
sing. Ist pers., and sé in the sing. Ist pers. and in the subjunctive.

152. A. Indicative mood.

The tenses are present, past, deferred, future, and conditional
past and present. Of these, the future and conditionals have
the same tense-prefixes as in the affirmative, the past and deferred
have special tense-prefixes, the present has no tense-prefix but
a special form.

153. (a) Present. No tense-prefix.

This tense consists of the verb-stem preceded by the negative
person-prefixes only, and the final vowel, ifa, changed to#. E.g.
sipendi, I do not love, i.e. sé-, negative person-prefix, fend,
verb-stem with final 2 changed to z And so with all the person-
prefixes forming concord with the various classes of nouns.

VERBS | 45

SING. PLur.

Pers. I. s#- Pers, 1. hatu-~

2. hu- 2. ham-

3: Aa-| ndi 3. hawa- di
hau-, haki-, hali- , hai-, havi-, hast- fends
hat-, hapa-, ham- haya-, hapa-, ham-
haku- haku-

154. (6) Past. Tense-prefix -kv-.
This tense is used as the negative past and perfect. E.g.
stkupiga, I did not strike, I have not strutk (§ 146).

155. (c) Deferred. Tense-prefix -7a-.

This tense indicates what is not yet existent or done. It is very
often followed by the adverb dado, (not) yet, marking what is only
- deferred and may be expected to take place. E.g. sijapiga bado,

I have not yet struck.

166. An occasional form of this tense places s? after the person-
prefix instead of Aa before it, the sing. 1st. pers. being ##sz-. E.g.
nistjapiga, usijapiga, Sc.

157. (d) Future. Tense-prefix, ota.

E. g. sttapiga, I shall not strike, &c.

158. (e) Conditional present. Tense-prefix -nga-, -nge-.
” past. ” -ngali-.
E.g. singependa, 1 should not strike; singalipenda, I should not
have struck, &c.

159. These tenses also, like the deferred, sometimes place sz
after the sign of person instead of 4a before it. E.g. nisingependa,
usingependa, &c., and nisingalipenda, usingalipenda, &c.

160. B. Imperative mood.

The form is the same as the affirmative with sz prefixed (§ 136),
sipiga, stpigani, do not strike.

161. C. Subjunctive mood.

The form is the same as the affirmative (§ 140), with sé inserted
after the person-prefix. E.g. nisipige, (that) I may not strike;
usipige, (that) you may not strike, &c.

162, The deferred tense is also used in a subjunctive form.

46 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

E. g. nistjepiga, sometimes also nisije kupiga and nisije nikapiga,
(that) I may not have already struck, before I strike.

163. There is a very common idiomatic use of the subjunctive
negative to indicate a purpose not fulfilled, an object not attained or
frustrated. It may often be translated ‘but... not,’ or ‘ without.’
E.g. alitafuta asione, he searched but he did not find; alikaa
asile, he remained without eating. So with the deferred tense,
alimkuta asijelala, he found him without his having first gone to
sleep, i.e. before he went to sleep.

164. D. Infinitive mood.

A negative infinitive is supplied by using the verb kuzoa, to put
away, before or in combination with the affirmative (§ 143), e.g.
kutoa kupiga, also kutoa piga and kutopiga, not to strike.

165. Participles,

A negative form of the present participle in -4- is supplied by
using the negative relative form -stfo- for -ki>. E.g. nisipopiga,
(1) not striking, if (in case, supposing, when, as, since, because).
I do not strike.

166, And the perfect tense can be used as a past participle or
verbal adjective in its negative as well as in its affirmative form.
E. g. niliona mtungi haukujaa, | found the pitcher not full.

(4) Passive and Neuter Voices.

167. The characteristic of the passive voice is -w- as the con-
sonant of the final syllable of any verb-form.

168. Thus in the passive voice the final @ of verb-stems ending
in a becomes wa, stems ending in e or have wa appended, stems
ending in 4 change 4 to swa, stems ending with two vowels have
-liwa or -lewa in place of final a.

E.g... Act. piga Pass. pigwa
samehe samehewa
rudi rudiwa
haribu haribiwa
ondoa ondolewa

Jungua funguliwa |

VERBS 47

169. In many verbs the passive of the applied form is used for
the simple passive. A few have special forms. The passive of
wa, kill, is wawa; of Za, eat, Kwa; of pa, give, fewa and pawa;
of nywa, drink, nywewa.

170. After a passive verb the agent is commonly introduced by —
the preposition za, the instrument by kwa or ma, or without a
preposition.

171. The characteristic of the neuter voice is -£- as the consonant
of the final syllable of any verb-form. Verb-stems ending in a
vowel have the syllable £a appended to the verb-stem; those
ending in a consonant have za, if the preceding vowel is a, 7, or
u, and eka, if it is e or a,

E. g. Act. piga Nent. pigika
kata katika
ongoa ongoka
haribu haribika.
soma someka
enda endeka

172. The chief difference of meaning between the passive and
neuter voices is that in the neuter no reference is made to an agent.
E.g. neut. imevunjika, it is broken, it has got broken; pass.
imevunjwa, it has been broken, some one has broken it.

173. And the neuter voice is frequently used to express what is
usual or what is practicable. The latter meaning attaches itself
especially to the combination of the neuter with the reciprocal
verb-stem (§ 218).

E. g. yafanyika, it is commonly done, it can be done; njia hit
yaendeka, this road is a thoroughfare, or, is passable; ng'ombe
sinapatikana, cattle are procurable ; yawezekana, it is possible.

(5) Auxiliary Verbs. -

174. Verbs already mentioned as regularly available to supple-
ment the conjugation of other verbs are kuwa, to be (§ 135) ; kutoa,
to put away (§ 164); and kwisha, to finish (§ 135).

175. In addition to these, other verbs are more or less clearly
traceable as elements in the ordinary forms of conjugation. Thus
it appears that ja, come, supplies the deferred-tense prefixes -stja-,

48 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

-sije-, wa, be, the characteristic -w- of the passive voice ; /2, be,
prefixes used in the past and conditional past tenses; -/-, -ngali-,
and possibly Zaka, want (purpose, tend), in the prefix of the future.

176. The following are the principal forms in the conjugation of
Kuwa, to be, and also of Kuwa na, the combination which, though

not used as an auxiliary, conveys the meaning of both ‘To be’ and
‘To have.’

177. These verbs also illustrate the ‘conjugation of other
important verb-stems of one syllable, viz. :—

Ja, die pa, give
la, eat ja, come
nywa, drink cha, dawn

Kuwa, ‘To be.’

178. Kuwa, to be, can express the ideas of (1) simple existence ;
(2) qualified existence, possession of attributes, &c.; (3) the mere
connexion of subject and predicate, i.e. the copula, and (4) becoming.
But simple existence is more idiomatically expressed by using
Kuwa na; qualified existence is often defined by an adverb or an'
adverbial suffix; the connexion of subject and predicate is otherwise
expressed in the present tense, and the idea of becoming is only
clear in appropriate tenses. Hence some peculiarities of conju-
gation.

AFFIRMATIVE CONJUGATION.

179. A. Indicative mood.

(a) Present definite.

The normal forms zawa, wawa, yuwa, &c., are rarely used,
simple existence being rendered by parts of Kuwa na, and other
meanings variously, viz. by:

(1) ##, for all classes, persons, and numbers, e.g. nyumba ni
kubwa, the house is large; wao ni warefu, they are tall.

_ (2) the concord-’or person-prefixes, used as independent words,
e.g. vitu vi tayari, things are ready; /f4 wadogo, we are small.

(3) 4, with a person-prefix and usually an affix, relative or
adverbial, e.g. yeye aliye mrefu, he (it is who) is tall; vitu vilipo,
the things are here.

VERBS 49

(4) omission, the predicate merely following the subject ot

stated alone, e. g. mfu mrefu, or mrefu only, the man is tall.

180. The relative form of this tense is niiye, uliye, &c., seldom
niwaye, uwaye, &c. So tliyo, zilizo, £c.

181. (5) Present indefinite.

ninakuwa, | am becoming, &c. With a relative, #minayekuwa,
I who am becoming. |

182. (c) Perfect.

nimekuwa, | have become, I am.

183. (4) Past.

nilikuwa, nalikuwa, and in narrative, nikawa, | was. With a
relative, #iliyekuwa, zilizokuwa, &c.

184. (£) Future.

nitakuwa, | shall be (become). With a relative, xitakayekuwa,
stlakazokuwa, Sc.

185. (/) Conditional present.

ningawa, ningekuwa, | should (would) be (become).
— ”» 99 past.
| ningalikuwa, | should (would) have been (become).

186. (g) Customary.

huwa, | (you, it, they) usually am (become) (or, shall be, have
been, was).

187. B. Imperative mood.

The subjunctive is commonly used, but also swe (2nd pers. sing.),
#weni (2nd pers. plur.), be.

188. C. Subjunctive mood.

niwe, uwe, awe, tuwe, mwe, wawe, twe, Viwe, &c. (that) I (you,
he, they, &c.) may be (become).

189. D. Infinitive mood.

kuwa, to be, to become.

Participle.

nikiwa, (1) being, &c.

NEGATIVE CONJUGATION.

- 190. A. Indicative mood.
(a) Present.
siwt, huwi, hawt, &c., are seldom used, the meaning being

SW. GR. D

50 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

supplied in ways corresponding to those in the affirmative (§ 179),
viz. by using the negative prefix sz (as #2) for all classes, persons and
numbers, or the negative person-prefixes treated as independent
words,

The relative form of this tense is niszye, usiye, zsiyo, &c.

191. (5) Past and perfect. |

stkuwa, I was not, I have not been, I did not become, &c. With
the relative, istyekuwa, I who was not. The negative perfect
simekuwa is rarely used.

192. (c) Future.

sitakuwa, I shall not be (become).

193. (7) Conditional present.

singawa (hungawa, &c.), singekuwa (hungekuwa, &c.), and
sometimes msingekuwa (usingekuwa, &c.), 1 should (would) not be
(become).

Conditional past.

singalikuwa (hungahkuwa, &c.), and sometimes nisingalikuwa
(usingalikuwa, &c.), | should (would) not have been (become).

194. (e) Deferred.

sijawa, 1 have not yet been (become).

195. B. Imperative mood.

stwe, siwent, do not be. Or the subjunctive, wswe, &c., may be
used.

196. C. Subjunctive mood.

nisiwe, ustwe, asiwe, isiwe, yasiwe, &c., (that) I (he, they, &c.)
may not be (become).

Deferred tense. sisijekuwa, before I was (became).

197. D. Infinitive mood.

kuloa kuwa, kutokuwa, not to be (become).

nisipokuwa, if (as, when, in case, &c.) I am not, is the form used
in correspondence with the present participle #4wa in the affirma-
tive (§ 189). .

Kuwa na, “To have,’ ‘To exist.’

198. The verb kwwa in its various forms followed by the prepo-
sition #a conveys the meaning of the verb ‘To have,’ i.e. to be
with, to possess, but is not used as an auxiliary. The combination

VERBS ol

kuwa na (in this sense) is always followed by a noun or pronoun,
or has a sufhx defining its object. It is conjugated in the same
way as kuwa, except that in the present tense a is attached to the
person-prefix and pronounced as one word with it. Thus:

199. SING. PLUR,
Pers. 1. nina, I have Pers. 1. tuna, we have
2. una, you have 2. mena, you have
3. ana, yuna, he (she) has 3. wana, they have

una, kina, lina, ina, it has ana, Vina, sina, Yana,
pana, mna, kuna pana, mna, kuna
and so with the present negative, sina, kuna, hana, &c.

200. An object-prefix used with kuwa na is attached to za in
the relative form.

E. g. ninacho, | have it ; wanavyo, they have them.

201. When a relative of the object is used, the relative-prefix is
inserted’ twice, once with the verb in the usual way, and again
suffixed to the aa.

E.g. kifu nilicho nacho, the thing which I have; ng'ombe
walizokuwa nazo, the cattle which they had.

The relative of the subject is used, as already shown, in the con-
jugation of kuwa.

202. Kuwa na is also used with the meaning, ‘to exist,’ “to be,’
and in this sense is always followed by a noun, pronoun, or suffix,
but to define the subject, not the object of the verb. The only
exception is the common stereotyped negative form, Aafana,
hakuna, hamna, no, not so, there is nothing (no one).

Thus, kuna mtu means, there is a man; but if used as a question,
Is there a man? the affirmative answer is never 4una (though it
may be the negative Aakuna), but always kunaye or kunako, or
yuko, Similarly, kuna (kulikuwa na) habari ? is (was) there news?
kunazo, sinazo, there is; kulikuwa nazo, there was. Palikuwa
na mtu, there was once a man, are words commonly used in
beginning a story, as being more general than, Palikuwa mtu.

203. (6) Derived verb-stems.

As with nouns (§ 62), so with verbs, the actual or potential
wealth of forms is a marked feature of Swahili in common with
other dialects of Bantu.

they have

D2

52 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

204. Subject to the limitations necessarily imposed by its
meaning, any verb-root has or may have, beside the simple stem-
ending in -a, a group of derived stems differing by the insertion of
a syllable or letter immediately after the root. And each such verb-
stem not only has or may have a complete set of all the forms
above described, voices, conjugations, moods, tenses, &c.; but also
may become the base of a further group of verb-stems having the
characteristics of the original group.

205. Thus (as has been briefly stated above, § 112) most verb-
roots have the following stems:
(1) Simple, with final -a affixed to the root.
(2) Applied, with final -za, -ea affixed to the root.
with final -#za, -7sha affixed to the root.
>” "8A, esha, ”
(4) Reciprocal, with final -ana affixed to the root.
Some verbs have also the following :
(5) Reversive, with final -wa affixed to the root.
(6) Stative, with final -ama affixed to the root.
For completeness, two other varieties of verb-stem may be added:
(7) Reduplicated, i. e. the stem itself repeated twice, and
« (8) Reflexive, with /:- prefixed to the root (§ 99).

206. (1) The simple verb-stem has been described (§§ 126-73).

207. (2) Applied.

The characteristic ending is:

za, if the preceding vowel is a, #, or 4, or if the verb ends in
2074. .
-ea, if the preceding vowel is ¢ or 9, or if the verb ends ine.
-lia, -lea, if the verb-root ends with a vowel.

208. The applied form has a wide range of meanings, covering
the whole field of relations defined in English and other languages
by prepositions following the verb, e.g. to, from, into, out of, at, by,
with, for, on behalf of, against, in opposition to, concerning, in
respect of, to the gain or loss of, and soon. Such a range would
involve vagueness in a written language, depending on context
only for interpretation. Unwritten speech has always in addition
the running comment of tone, expression, and gesture, sufficient

(3) Causal or Intensive,

VERBS 53

usually to define the particular relation intended. (See also
§ 237.)

209. Thus the same applied form has often to be translated by
words of widely different or opposite meaning. Moreover some
are used in the sense of simple stems. Others are limited by use
to a special meaning. The passive of the applied form is in many
verbs used for the simple passive as well as for the applied. In
others the different meaning of the simple and applied forms require
careful discrimination. |

210. A few miscellaneous examples are as follows:

Jefa is a simple stem meaning bring; pass. /e¢wa, be brought.
The applied form is /e¢ea, bring to, for, with, &c.; pass. /efewa,
have (something) brought to (one), not, be brought to.

kisu cha kukata, a cutting (sharp) knife; kisu cha kukatia,a
knife to cut with, i.e. for this particular use.

Pokea, receive, and Zotea, be lost, are used as simple verbs.

onea from ona, see, feel, commonly means, display active ill-
feeling towards, i.e. annoy, persecute. Pendelea is the applied
form of fendea, itself the applied form of Zenda, love, and has
the special sense, show a liking for, make a favourite of.

zaliwa, passive applied stem from zaa, bear, produce, may mean be
born (for the simple zawa, seldom used), or, havea child born to one.

From fa, die, comes fa, die to (for, by, &c.), pass. jiwa, lose by
death, be bereaved. From ja, come, is formed jia, come to, pass.
jiwa, have visitors. From wa, be, the form wéwa seems to be
derived with the special meaning, be in debt (to).

pigia, from figa, strike, is the stem from which are formed a
whole series of other stems, such as figilia, pigilisha, pigilishia,
fpigiliana, &c.

211. (3) Causal or intensive.

The characteristic ending is -sha or -za.

isha, -iza, if the preceding vowel is a, z, or 4.

esha, -eza, if the preceding vowel is ¢ or 0.

-sha, -8a, if the verb-root ends with a vowel.

212. If a verb-stem ends with a formative syllable, such as -4a
or -ka, the causal ending often takes the place of this syllable,
e. g. shusha, from shuka, not shukisha.

54 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

213. The meanings may be classed as follows :

(i) Causal, including

(a) Simple, cause to be (do), employ to do, get or have
done.

(2) Compulsive, force to be (do), make (order) to be done.

(c) Permissive, whether actively, i.e. give leave to be (do),
or passively, i.e. allow to be (be done), not interfere
with.

(2) Suasive, induce to be (do), encourage (urge, request), to
be (do).

(e) Consequential, result in being (doing), tend to do, produce
as an effect.

Other shades of meaning occur, e.g. kama ng’ombe means, milk
cows; kamisha ng'ombe, get cows to milk, contract for milking, be
a professional milkman.

214. (ii) Intensive, implying attention, energy, emphasis, &c.,
and usually translateable by a suitable adverb, e.g. fungisha, shut
up close; kaszisha, fix tight; Aanyagtsha, stamp hard.

215. -sha and -za do not appear to differ in force, but when
either has become attached in common use to a particular meaning,
the other is available to suggest another or a general meaning.

216. (4) Reciprocal.
The characteristic ending is -ana.

217. This form indicates many kinds of common or connected
action, e. g.
(a) Action and reaction, both of act and feeling, e.g. endana,
love each other; gigana, give and receive blows, fight.
(4) Connected action, e.g. sokana, part company; fuatana,
accompany.
(¢) Combined, mutual, joint action, e. g. endana, join in going,
go together; Zana, have a general mourning.:
(d@) Interaction, e.g. shikana, hold together; kazana, be tight,
a single object being considered as an aggregate of parts.
218. The reciprocal form of the neuter voice is commonly used
to indicate what is practicable or possible, e.g. judikana, be know-
able; Jatékana, be procurable ; onekana, be visible (§ 173).

VERBS 55

219. (5) Reversive.
The characteristic ending is -#a.

220. Like the English prefix un- (e.g. loose, unloose), the re-
versive form sometimes means the reverse of the action or state
denoted by the simple, sometimes what is in effect the same.
E.g. funga, bind; fungua, unbind; kama and kamua, squeeze,
wring out.

221. (6) Stative.
The characteristic ending is -ama.

222. This form expresses a relatively permanent state or con-
dition, e. g. simama, be standing; Zwama, settle down. It is some-
times used in combination with the reciprocal, e.g. fungamana, be
bound together.

2238. (7) Reduplicated.

A verb-stem repeated twice (or more times) supplies a means of :
expressing repeated, continuous, or energeticaction. E.g. endaenda,
keep on going; figafiga, beat severely.

224. (8) Reflexive.

As has been stated (§ 99) the syllable j2- prefixed to a verb-root
gives it a reflexive meaning, e. g. a/ijiua, he killed himself. Rarely
ji is replaced by the person-prefix in its object-prefix form, e.g.
alimpiga, he struck himself.

225. The reflexive has an extended and subtle application by
attaching to a verb various ideas centreing on that of personal
will or aim, such as self-will, selfishness, special interest or lack of
interest, random action, recklessness, &c. A few examples are:
jienda, go of itself—of easy automatic motion ; szendea, go for one-
self, i.e. go a walk for pleasure, or run amuck as a madman ;
jiona, see or think of oneself, be conceited; sikohoza, give a
significant cough ; jigonjweza, sham sickness ; jikalia, live an idle
or luxurious life.

226. In some verbs -afa appears as a stem-ending, similar to the
above, but not with a meaning sufficiently distinct to form a separate
class.

56 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

CHAPTER VI

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS,
INTERJECTIONS

227. A. Adverbs.

In addition to verbs which are adverbs only, such as sana, much,
very; mo, very much, too much; kabisa, quite; dado (not) yet,
still; adverbial expressions are freely formed :

(2) From adjectives, by prefixing vé- to the root, e.g. vibaya,
badly ; vema (for vyema), well.

(2) From nouns, either simply, e.g. mwisho, lastly; kadiri,
moderately ; or with the preposition kwa, e.g. kwa nguvu, strongly.

(c) From verbs, by using -vyo as the relative suffix, e.g. ufe-
ndavyo, as you like, if you please, at pleasure.

(d) From pronominal adjectives, e.g. kapa, humu, huku, here;
hapo, huko, kule, &c., there; kwangu, at my house; kwako,
kwake, &c.

(e) By the locative -## affixed to a noun with the meaning, to, at,
in, from, &c., e. g. nyumbani, indoors (§§ 57, 231).

228. The place of adverbs of emphasis or intensity is also
supplied by using the causal form of verbs (§ 213), those of place
and time by the use of -fo, -mo, -ko (§ 57), with person-prefixes,
e.g. nipo, | am here; yuko, he is there; and so kako, kimo, vipo,
&c., or affixed to forms of the verb kuwa, to be, e.g. alikuwako, he
was there.

229. B. Prepositions.

Prepositions used only as such are:

-a, of, always used in combination with a concord-prefix con-
necting it with a noun preceding and indicating generally any
adjectival relation between that noun and the noun which follows,
Thus it may have the forms wa, ya, cha, vya, la, za, pa, mwa, kwa.

' 280. kwa, like -a, very general in: meaning, but supplying with
the noun which follows a statement of relation in adverbial form.
It may require translation by any of the English prepositions
according to the context, but rarely is used (as na, § 232) of the
agent after a passive verb or of comparative nearness and distance.

——

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, ETC. 57

231. katika, with the dominant meaning of in, as applied to
time, place, and circumstance. It is not used of agent or of
juxtaposition (indicated by ma), nor of instrument (indicated by
kwa).

Zangu, since, from, with reference to time and also place, re-
garded as a starting-point.

ni, the only preposition used always as a suffix, with a locative
and sometimes a temporal meaning, i.e. in, to, from, at.

232. Other words used as prepositions are:

na (also a conjunction, and), with the general meaning, with,
indicating connexion, association, accompaniment, and their con-
traries, and regularly used of the agent after a passive verb.

mbaka (a noun, meaning limit), and Aaffa (an Arabic word also
used as a conjunction), both with the meaning, to, up to, until, with
reference to a limit.

toka, tokea, kutoka, meaning, from, out of, with reference to a
starting-point or source.

233. The place of other prepositions with more definite mean-
ings is freely supplied by using adverbs or adverbial expressions
followed by ya, na, and sometimes za. E.g. juu ya, above; chini
ya, below; mbele ya or za, before; nyuma ya, behind; karibu ya
or na, near, &c.

234. On the other hand, the applied form of verbs, while
covering the meaning of all prepositions, requires the context to
show which particular meaning is meant in each case (§ 208).

235. C. Conjunctions.

The following words, used as connectives, though none are con-
junctions only, are of Bantu origin :

na, and, also, even; Zena, then, next, further; kwani, for, and
introducing a dependent clause; kwamba (lit. to say), if, though;
kuwa, ya kuwa, kwa kuwa, that, since; ingawa, if, though; japo,
although.

286. Arabic supplies the other conjunctions in common use, viz. :

lakini, illakini, walakini, but, however, nevertheless ; wala, and
not, neither, nor ; ao, ama, either, or; #affa, so, then, moreover;
illa, except; z//#, in order that; ama and kana, that, as, if; and

58 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

three nouns used as conjunctions: kwsudi, in order to; sababu,
maana, in order to, because.

237. Conjunctions which introduce dependent clauses are further
noticed in chap. vii. Here it may be remarked that in Swahili, as in
Bantu generally, conjunctions of Bantu origin are few and sparingly
used, an unwritten language needing them as little as prepositions
for sufficient definition of meaning. Thus a as a rule is confined
to connecting nouns and sentences, while adjectives and verb-forms
commonly follow each other without connectives, other than ka in
the past tense (§ 131) and in the subjunctive mood (§ 142). Even
to introduce a dependent clause, the infinitive or some other form
of a verb meaning to be, or to say, is usually sufficient, as in other
dialects parts of a verb meaning to think (say, do), e.g. the verb 27
in Nyasa and kindred dialects.

238. D. Interjections.

Interjections, though largely used in the common talk of the
poorer classes, are not a sufficiently formal element in Swahili
Grammar to call for treatment here.

CHAPTER VII
SYNTAX

239. Concord, as already described, forms the most striking
and important feature in the grammatical connexion of words and
sentences, including dependent sentences of the adjectival or
relative kind.

240. A brief account of dependent sentences, though involving
some repetition of statements already made, is added here, under
divisions commonly known and with the corresponding English
conjunctions, viz. :

A. Reported speech, (he said) that.

B. Adjectival or relative sentences, who, which, what.

C. Adverbial sentences, viz. those introduced in English by the
conjunctions ;

SYNTAX ; 59

(a) when, where (temporal and local).
(4) to, in order to, lest (final).

(c) if, except, unless (conditional).
(d) because (causal).

(e) though (concessive).
(7) so that, so as to (consecutive).

(g) as (comparative).

241. A. Reported speech, (he said) that, &c.

Reported speech is expressed as direct speech, in the first or
third person, without further change, either with or without a
conjunction.

E. g. (he said) that he would go to see.

(alisema) ntakwenda kutazama, | will go to see.
» atakwenda kutazama, he will go to see.
> kama (kana, kwamba, ya kwamba, kama kwamba,
ya kuwa, kuwa) atakwenda kutazama, that he would go to see.

242, B. Adjectival sentences.

Who, which, what, is not as a rule expressed independently, but
as part of a verb-form, viz. a person-prefix with the final vowel
changed to -0 (§§ 98, 69).

243. The verb-forms which admit of this relative-prefix are:

(a) The verb-stem preceded by a person-prefix and followed by
a relative without any tense-sign, e.g. apigaye, he who strikes;
wampendao, they who love him. This is the simplest in form and
most general in meaning.

244. In this, as in other relative verb-forms, there may be a
noticeable ambiguity, viz. in such a form as amfigaye, which may
mean, he who strikes him, or he whom he strikes, according as the
relative refers to the subject or object of the verb.

245. In all other forms the relative, whether referring to subject
or object, follows the tense-prefix, but it is limited to certain tenses,
viz. :

(4) the present definite, e. g. anayenipiga, he who is beating me,
or I whom he is beating, maneno anayonipigia, words for which he
is beating me.

(c) the past (with prefix -/:-), e. g. aliyepiga, he who struck.

60 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

(d) the future, the tense-prefix being always in this case -Zaka-
for -/a-, e.g. atakayepiga, he who will strike.

246. In the negative conjugation the only form used for all
tenses consists of the verb-stem preceded by a subject-prefix, the
negative-prefix sé-, the relative-prefix, and (if required) an object-
prefix, in the above order.

E.g. astyepiga, he who does not (has not, did not, will not) strike.

247. When the relative relates to a word introduced by the
prepositions #@ or kwa after a verb, the relative prefix is repeated
as affix to the preposition.

E.g. alinipiga na kisu, he struck me with a knife; kisu adi-
chonipiga nacho, the knife with which he struck me.

248. This is the rule also for all forms of kwwa na, to have,

when used with a relative, e.g. vitu nilivyokuwa navyo, things
which I had (§ 201).

249. The relative form of the verb Awa, to be, in the present
affirmative is:

SING. PLUR.
Pers. 1. miliye (nilio) Pers. 1. fuliye (tulio)
2. suliye (ulio) 2. mliye (mlio)
3. aliye (alio) 3. walio
ulio, kilicho, lililo, palipo, tliyo, vilivyo, yaliyo, palipo,
mlimo, kuliko mlimo, kuliko

250. In the negative the forms are the same, with -ss- in place
of -/i-, i.e. nisiye, usiye, Sc.

251. These forms of k£wwa are used to supply a relative for
tenses otherwise without it. Thus nimepiga, I have struck; niliye
nimepiga, | who have struck; nistye nimepiga, | who have not
struck. And so with ningepiga, stjapiga, Sc. (§ 135).

252. Swahili idiom inclines to the frequent use of the relative
rather than the direct verb-form to express the predicate, when
the object is to make it clearly characterize the subject, and
especially in questions. E.g. huyu ajuaye, this person knows,
rather than huyu ajua. Nani aliyenipiga, who struck me? rather

SYNTAX 61

than nani alinipiga. Wangapi waendao, how many (are there
who) go? oO

\a53. C. Adverbial sentences,
(a) Temporal and local.
When, where, are expressed by -f0, where; also by -m0, -ko,
used with verbs in the same way as relative-prefixes (§§ 242- 5 and
see § 57).

254. (6) Final.

To, in order to, is expressed by the use of the infinitive or
subjunctive mood, or the verb fafa, get, obtain, in the subjunctive
followed by the infinitive, with or without a conjunction preceding,
i.e. tlii, kusudi, maana, sababu (§ 236), lest, by the negative
subjunctive.

255. (c) Conditional.

If is variously expressed by (1) kama, kwamba, ikiwa, followed
by a tense of the indicative mood, (2) the participial form in -£7-
($ 147), (3) -fo, used as a relative suffix (§§ 242-5), (4) a conditional
tense (§ 123). Kama is also often used with the participle.

E. g. kama (kwamba) afaka, and akitaka or kama akitaka, and
atakapo, and angetaka, all mean, if he likes, indicating a condition.
The form of the verb indicating the act conditioned varies with the
meaning, e.g. aende, he may go, or afakwenda, he will go, or
angekwenda, he would go.

256. The same conditional tense is often used both of the
condition and the act conditioned, e.g. angaliona angalijua, if
he had seen he would have known (§ 123).

257. Except, unless, are often represented by isipokuwa.

258. (7) Causal.
Because, is represented by sababu, kwa sababu, kwa maana,
kwa kuwa, or ya kuwa, followed by the indicative mood.

259. (ec) Concessive.

Though, is expressed by kwamba, japo (ijapo), ingawa, ikiwa,
followed by the indicative or subjunctive according as the reference
is to a fact or possibility.

62 SWAHILI GRAMMAR

260. (/) Consecutive.

So that, so as to, may be expressed by Awa ginsi followed by
the subjunctive of a prospective, or afta by the indicative of an
accomplished result.

261. (g) Comparative. .

As, is expressed by kama, ginsi (in such way or manner as),
kadiri (in such degree or quantity as), followed by -vyo, as
relative prefix of the dependent verb. E.g. kadiri awezavyo, as
much as he is able ; kama upendavyo, as you please.

262. Without, in connexion with a verb following, is often
represented by asipo with an infinitive, or by the negative sub-
junctive (§ 163). E.g. alikaa pasipo kula or alikaa asile, he
remained without eating.

JUN 22 1915

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