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THE CHURCHES OF
CAMBRIDGESHIRE AND THE
ISLE OF ELY
Volumes in this Series are also now ready.
NORFOLK (Two Volumes, sold separately,
3s. net each).
By J. Charles Cox, LL.D., F.S.A.
[Second Edition, Revised and Extended.)
SURREY*
By J. E. Morris, B.A.
ISLE OF WIGHT.
By J. Charles Cox, LL.D., F.S.A.
In Preparation
SUSSEX (Two Volumes).
By p. M. Johnston, F.R.LB.A., F.S.A.
Suffolk, Kent, Bedfordshire, Devonshire,
Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Lincolnshire,
Wiltshire, Cornwall, Northamptonshire, and
other Counties are in course of arrangement.
Foolscap 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. net per vol.
CAMBRIDGE, ST. BENEDICT. TOWER
Frontispiece
COUNTY
CHURCHES
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
AND
THE ISLE OF ELY
BY
C. H. EVELYN-WHITE, F.S.A.
RECTOR OF RAMPTON, CAMBS.
Founder of the Cambs. and Hunts. ArchaDoloRical Society
Editor of the East Anglian; the Journals of WiUiam Dowsing ; the
Inventories of Church Goods (temp. Edw. VI.) in the County
of Cambridge and Isle of Ely ; Domesday
Book of Cambridgeshire, &c.
l^ofeM H,
WITH TWENTY-FOUR PLATES
LONDON
GEORGE ALLEN & COMPANY, LTD.
RUSKIN HOUSE
1911
[All rights reserved]
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson <&- Co.
At the Ballantyne Press, Edinburgh
PREFACE
In describing the churches of Cambridgeshire
and the Isle of Ely I have endeavoured, as far
as possible, to preserve a uniform plan, following
the mention of the various parts of the church
by such of its characteristics and adjuncts as I
deemed material. It will doubtless be occasion-
ally found that from one cause or another some
object of interest has been overlooked, or others
have in process of time been in some way altered,
if not destroyed. In the latter case it may not
be altogether disadvantageous to learn something
of things ' as they were.' It is too much to hope
that errors of description are altogether absent ;
I can only trust that few of any importance will
be found.
The descriptions of the several churches are
necessarily brief, and the work must not be
regarded as furnishing anything of the nature
of a complete survey. Its concise arrangement
and the restrictions imposed by a small volume
present a formidable barrier in the way of
VI
PREFACE
adequate treatment. Owing to this limitation
I have frequently refrained from making some
passing comment or allusion which I desired to
incorporate.
In addition to the names of parishes contained
in the Index, such items only have been there
noted that exhibit either some feature of par-
ticular interest, or as grouping together a special
class of objects not included in the more ordinary
equipment of the several churches. Consequently
references, e.g.^ to the numerous piscinae, sedilia,
niches, stoups, (and for the most part) benches,
fonts, monuments, &c., in common with the
structural parts of the church, are partially given,
and briefly alluded to in the Introduction. In
part, at least, the Index presents a summary of
such added characteristics as are subsidiary, and
yet of sufficient importance to be specially noticed.
The information in regard to the Bishop's
transcripts is of importance ; it will be seen that
in some instances they are of earher date than
the existing parish Register. Those of the clergy
having deficient Registers would do well to supply
from these transcripts (which are among the
Bishop's muniments at Ely) what may be found
lacking. A few parishes formerly in the diocese
of Norwich, and certain ^peculiars,' have their
transcripts unnoticed in these pages. Neglect
PREFACE vii
on the part of the clergy, and often, it is to be
feared, the infliction of injury by irresponsible
persons, have not infrequently deprived the
Register of much of its value ; in such cases the
transcripts are of the greatest importance.^ It
may be interesting to relate that thirteen parishes
in the county have Registers commencing in 153S
(the year of Cromwell's injunction for the keeping
of the Register). The Register of Elsworth has
several very early baptismal entries ranging from
1528 to 1538.
The several indications v^^ith approximate dates
of the work of restoration (as generally under-
stood) are given, as furnishing a clue to at least
some recent undertakings of this character. In
too many instances so-called ' restoration ' has
been attended with disastrous results.
In selecting illustrations; it has been my object
to give those which are fairly representative (not
necessarily those of greatest importance), and
they will not, I feel sure, be adjudged unworthy
types of the church architecture and ecclesiology
of the County and Isle.
I am under particular obligation to the several
friends who have most disinterestedly assisted
me, and to them I tender my warmest thanks.
^ By a Convocation order in 1597 Register transcripts were
directed to be forwarded to the Bishop of the diocese.
DATED EXAMPLES
CAMBRIDGESHIRE CHURCHES
1324. Cambridge, St. Michael.
1349. Cambridge, St. Mary the Less.
1370. Sutton.
1382. Abington Piggotts (Porch).
1454. Haddenham (Roof).
1464. Burwell (Roof).
1478, 1 5 19. Cambridge, St. ]\Iar>' the Great.
1495. Isleham (Roof, &c.).
1547. Bourne (Stall Desks).
161 7. Cottenham (Tower).
1635. Barton (Pulpit).
1636. Great Eversden (Porch).
1638. Thorney (Tower).
1672. Borough Green (Font).
1673. East Hatley (Porch).
1735. Wendy.
1749. Wimpole.
1785. Knapwell (Nave).
1791. Manea.
CONTENTS
PAGE
DATED EXAMPLES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . xiv
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES ... xiv
INTRODUCTION xv
THE CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGE-
SHIRE AND THE ISLE OF ELY . i
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA . . 209
INDEX 211
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Cambridge, St. Benedict. Tower . Frontispiece
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Ai.len)
Barrington, All Saints. Chest To face page 8
{From a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham)
BoTTiSHAM, St. Mary. Sedilia,
Chancel Screen, etc. . „ ,, 12
{From a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham")
Cambridge, St. Botolph. (sup-
posed) Churchyard Well . ,, ,, 30
{From a photo by C, A. Evelyn-White)
Cambridge, St. Mary the
Great. Bench Ends ..,,,, 34
{From drazviugs by Rev. H. W. Birch)
Cambridge, St. Peter. South-
east » n 38
{From a photo by Miss L, E. Beedham)
CovENEY, St. Peter. Carved
FiNiALS TO Bench Ends . „ „ 56
{From drawings by Rev. H. W. Birch)
xi
xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
DowNHAM, St. Leonard. Font To face page 60
{From a drawing by Rev. H. W. Birch)
DuxFORD St. John. North-west „ „ 6
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
FoRDHAM, St. Peter, otherwise St.
Mary. Stained Glass Roun-
del (Fourteenth Century) . „ ,,7
{From a tracing by G. Montagu Benton)
Hauxton, St. Edmund. South
Doorway „ ,, c
{Fro)n a photo by G. Montagu Benton)
Histon, St. Andrew. Gable
[Rood] Cross . . . • ,, „ ic
{From a photo by C. A. Evelvn-White)
Horseheath, All Saints. Al-
LiNGTON Monument . . „ „ ic
{From a photo by Miss Catharine E. Parsons)
IcKLETON, St. Mary Magdalene.
West Doorway . . . ,, „ ic
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
IcKLETON, St. Mary Magdalene.
Nave and South Aisle Ar-
cade „ ,, IC
{Fro7H a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
Landbech, All Saints. Angel
Lectern, Pulpit, etc. . . „ ,, n
{From a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiii
Linton, St. Mary. Stoup in
South Porch . . . To face page 122
{From a photo by Dr. W. M. Palmer)
Madingley, St. Mary. Font . „ ,, 130
{From a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham)
Over, St. Mary. Window, South
Aisle »> » 142
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
Rampton, All Saints. South . ,, ,, 148
{From a photo byO.. A. Evelyn-White)
Soham, St. Andrew. Central
Arches . . . . • ?, j, 160
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
Soham, St. Andrew, Tower, etc. ,, „ 162
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
SwAFFHAM Prior, (i) St. Mary,
(2) Sts. Cyriac and Julitta . „ ,, 174
{Frotn a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham)
Willingham, All Saints and St.
Mary. Sacristy Chapel . „ „ 198
WiTCHFORD, St. Nicholas. Font
(P- 204) „ „ 60
{Frovi a draiving by Rev. H. W. Birch)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CCS
= Cambridge Camden Society.
Cent.
= Century.
Dec.
= Decorated.
E.E.
= Early English.
Norm,
= Norman.
Perp.
== Perpendicular.
Trans.
= Transition.
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES WITH
APPROXIMATE DATES
I. Saxon or Pre-Norman.
II. Norman
III. Transition
IV. Early English
V. Transitioji
VI. Decorated
VII. Transition
VIII. Perpendicular
1066-1154
1154-1189
1189-1272
1272-1307
1307-1377
1377-1399
1399-1546
INTRODUCTION
If destitute of surroundings that by no stretch
of imagination can be regarded as impressive,
Cambridgeshire can lay claim to the posses-
sion of some exceptionally fine churches, while
the general average of its ecclesiastical struc-
tures is in point of architectural character
and historical interest sufficiently high to war-
rant the assertion that few counties can upon
the whole surpass them. The churches are no
less remarkable in regard to their ecclesiological
importance. This is particularly noticeable in
the immediate neighbourhood of the fen district,
where in situations, often remote and unpleasing,
the art of the Middle Ages may be seen at its
best. This has occasioned some cause for sur-
prise, but it may in no small degree be accounted
for by the influence exerted by Ely and the other
great religious houses which were at once the
homes of all that was best in church architecture.
In this connection, too, the skilful manipulation
of material may in many instances be recognised
XV i
xvi INTRODUCTION
as the outcome of religious art culture nurtured
locally under the direction and influence of
skilled craftsmen sent out by these monasteries.
Then again, ready access by means of the wide-
spreading fen waters enabled building materials
to be conveyed in all directions with comparative
freedom from the Continental centres where the
great art guilds were established. We may also
attribute to commercial enterprise and maritime
intercourse, particularly during the 15th cent.,
the acquisition of much rich treasure which
embellished our churches.
Passing as they have for the most part through
periods of strange vicissitude, the churches have
emerged, as we see them to-day, for the most
part monuments of loving care and indicative of
reverent and discreet guardianship. To say that
they are in a greater or less degree esteemed for
their grace of proportion and artistic charm is
but to utter a truism ; qualities, however, of a
far higher order that rest upon the ennobling
principles that governed their existence, cause
them to be enshrined in the affectionate regard
of all who are capable of appreciating them.
Early in the days of the Roman occupation it is
not too much to suppose that Christianity exerted
sufficient influence to acquire a place for public
worship in not a few centres. At all events
INTRODUCTION xvii
many of the sites now occupied by the churches
of our land were undoubtedly graced by Roman
temples. It was the central spot from which a
civilising influence went forth, and it possessed
the affections of the people. The architecture
of the Roman temple doubtless influenced the
builders of the first Christian edifices, and
many of our churches seem to have been actually
placed where we find them to-day, in positions
of close proximity to the actual settlements
occupied by the Romans. The question is often
raised in regard to the distance of the parish
church from what has constantly been regarded
as the centre of the village ; the explanation may
not improbably be found in the connection that
existed between the old and the new meeting
places for religious worship. During the govern-
ment of the Romans important settlements and
no insignificant military posts were dotted over
Cambridgeshire, and particularly on the fen
border.
The church of St. Peter's, Cambridge, stands
on part of the old Roman city (where many
relics of the ancient occupation have been found),
the particular site of the church being occupied
(so the late Mr. Essex and others have con-
jectured with some show of probability) by a
temple raised in honour of Diana, and the
xviii INTRODUCTION
church itself is in part built of Roman materials.
At Ickleton (where the Granta crosses the
Ickneild way) the church possibly possesses in
the monolith piers of the nave work brought
from the Roman station close by, and it is
conceivable that these monoliths of barnack
stone may have formed a part of the arcading
of a Roman hall.
Cambridge itself and many places around were
early devastated by the Danes, the assault in 870
being largely directed against the churches ;
then it was that the Abbeys of Ely, Thorney,
and Soham were wasted ; and again in lOio,
after a temporary release, the town of Cambridge
was burned by the relentless Northmen. The
cessation of Danish hostilities at this period
signalises the infusion of new life and vigour
in raising Christian churches. Sculpture, such
as that found in the church of St. Nicholas,
Ipswich, appear to celebrate the event in the
dedication of the church where ^^ St. Michael
vanquished the Dane." It is scarcely cause for
wonder that so thorough a clearance was made
of the churches that previously existed in Cam-
bridgeshire, when it is remembered that it was
the church in the fen district, rendered easily
accessible to the Danes by the vast stretch of
waters, that was mainly aimed at.
INTRODUCTION xix
The lack of discrimination in regard to early
English architecture has led to much confusion.
Reference is constantly made to work which
undoubtedly belongs to the accepted Norman
period as Saxon, remains of which are very
scanty; this is particularly the case in respect
of those details that present features not usually
associated with broad Norman outlines.^ As a
consequence Saxon remains have frequently been
noted where none actually exist. This has been
the case in respect of certain Cambridgeshire
churches. The Norman builders appear to have
made a comparatively clean sweep of the Saxon
churches, not a few of which were undoubtedly
mainly constructed of stone ; such fragmentary
remains as are left sufficiently warrant the as-
sumption. Even the churches of Roman Britain
possibly showed sufficient indications of their
structural form to enable them to be rebuilt, or,
rather, the old material to be utilised, while the
ancient sites were not abandoned. In many
places, as we have seen, the heathen temple
would doubtless become the Christian church,
and it seems quite probable that the Cambridge
^ It must, however, be borne in mind that not only was
Saxon art open to Norman influence, but Saxon and Norman
architecture did not materially differ, and were practically a
modification of the Romanesque.
XX INTRODUCTION
church of St. Peter followed the pagan structure.
The knot-work once so prevalent in ancient
sculpture, and frequently labelled * runic/ is
usually associated with the Saxon period, and
possibly much of this class of carved stone
belongs to pre-Norman times. The device was
commonly employed in sepulchral stones, e.g.
coffin-lids, crosses, &c., and these memorials of
the dead being brought to light, have been
utilised in many a Cambridgeshire church by
church builders in all periods down to the pre-
sent time. In a large number of churches in
the county the walls will be found to contain
on their outer face fragments of this graven
stone ; in some instances quite large panels have
been inserted in the walls of porches and else-
where, while much of the masonry representative
of later times which now adorn our churches
will be found on examination to have the pattern
worked on the hidden surface. Some good
examples of this class have been recently found
at Rampton. Undoubted traces of Saxon work,
particularly the ' long and short ' quoining, is
often concealed by rough cast or plaster ; where
undoubted remains exist, it is safe to affirm that
the buildings are older than the I2th cent. The
deep and widely splayed early lancets at Little
Abington and the Norman circular openings, as
INTRODUCTION xxi
at Linton, furnish us with the style of window
originally found in village churches of the period.
There is a tradition that St. Anselm was present
at the consecration of St. Giles Church, Cam-
bridge, in the nth cent.; what remains of the
first building, now at east end of south aisle of
the present church, is the original chancel arch.
The blocked north doorway of Little Abington
seems to present in the masonry of its rudely
constructed semicircular arch, ornamented on the
imposts with star and billet mouldings, one of
the earliest examples of Norman, if not late
Saxon, work. The same church has additional
marks of its ancient character. At Orwell there
are indications of a Norman church, north and
south between tower and nave, where rounded
angle shafts are exposed. The Norman church
at Hauxton was found on examination some years
ago to have had originally a semicircular apse ;
the only other instance in the county of a similar
feature, as far as I am aware, is the apse at
Isleham priory chapel. Excellent examples of
Norman doorways, piers, arches, fonts, &c., are
found throughout the county. Norman figured
tympana (? dedication stones) occur at Bottisham
(now let into an interior wall), Duxford St. John,
Kirtling, and Pampisford. The chancel arch at
Stapleford is particularly good.
xxii INTRODUCTION
Cambridgeshire, which was formerly included
in the extensive diocese of Lincoln, was, with
the exception of a few parishes, taken over to
form a part of the newly constituted see of
Ely (founded iio8).^ Further, the county was
brought almost immediately under the super-
vision of the Archdeacon of Ely, who exercised a
jurisdiction which occasionally brought him into
conflict with the Bishop, and it was only recently
that the vexed question of what parishes are or are
not exempt from particular control was settled.
The exact enumeration of the Cambridgeshire
churches is attended with some difficulty, chiefly
owing to the constant changes that have occurred.
The present division of the county into eleven
deaneries (one, Fordham, being in the Sudbury
archdeaconry) with four other parishes in the
Sudbury deanery of Thurlow, is of comparatively
recent formation. These deaneries are named
from parishes or towns, except North Stowe,
which is the name of an Hundred, and was
substituted for Chesterton when that extensive
parish passed into the Cambridge deanery, and
considerable rearrangement was effected.^
1 Previous to the statute 6 & 7 Wm. IV. c 71, the county
of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely made up the diocese
of Ely.
^ The loss of the ancient deanery name of ' Chesterton ' was
of course regrettable ; but seeing that change was inevitable, I
INTRODUCTION xxiii
1 have intimated that the number of parishes
in the county has been subject to perplexing
variation. Wolsey, as quoted by Camden, gives
163 ; HeyHn reduces it to 141 ; the Magna
Britannia^ pubhshed 1720, raises it to 183 ;
while Lysons brings it to 165. My own cal-
culation, up to date, places the number of ancient
churches at 169. In the strict sense a parish
occasionally has ceased to be ecclesiastical owing
to church dilapidation or depopulation ; some
parishes again, once consolidated, have become
disunited, while others have been brought to-
gether. In several cases ancient chapelries are
found annexed, or new churches have arisen.
The number of the latter included in the following
pages is 25. The numerical disparity noted
above may be in a large measure attributed to
different methods of reckoning.
The number of county churches in Cambridge-
shire and the Isle of Ely, including those in
Cambridge itself, may then be taken as 194,
which includes the modern churches of ecclesi-
astical districts and the like. In the following
pages the latter are entered, but as a rule only
very briefly described. Of the old parish churches
suggested * North Stowe' as the least objectionable substitute
at a ruri-decanal chapter, and the bishop, through the rural
dean, accepted it.
xxiv INTRODUCTION
now existing, sixteen are consolidated ; one
church, Stretham, retains in use its ancient
chapel, Thetford ; four old churches are found
united with non-existent ancient chapels. Some
of the hamlets where church accommodation has
of late been provided possessed ancient chapels
which are mentioned under the respective parishes
in the following pages. In five parishes the
churches have entirely disappeared.
The county churches existing at the Norman
Conquest were undoubtedly numerous and struc-
turally important ; the scanty remains of Saxon
work are sufficient to assure us of this. The
Domesday survey takes slight notice of the
parish churches ; indeed the mention where it
occurs is quite casual. In certain counties no
mention is made of churches ; in Cambridgeshire
they are practically passed over. The com-
missioners acting for the county adhered strictly
to their instructions and enumerated taxable
property only. The mention of church or priest
can only be regarded as incidental, but the
church, as an incontestable piece of evidence
of the parochial system, clearly existed. The
church, as a structure, is only twice mentioned,
viz. at Cambridge and Teversham, in both cases
owing to a connection with taxable property.
At Shelford, and also at Meldreth, the term
INTRODUCTION xxv
Dionastcriicui is used, and tliis expression, by
documents subsidiary to * Domesday/ is taken
as equivalent to 'church.' The ^ nionasterium^
may represent a church not presided over by a
single presbyter, but governed by a community
of two or more persons, who, having taken
vow^s, were not prohibited from the exercise of
a wider sphere of influence ; they in fact would
form a college of secular canons. The neigh-
bouring counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Lincoln
were possessed of more than one-half of the
total number of churches recorded in * Domes-
day,' and possibly some special influence was
brought to bear upon the king's officers to have
produced such a result. In any case the church
stood on land subject to some lord, and was
reckoned as paying geld with the lord's estate.
The ecclesiastical influence of the religious
foundations in Cambridgeshire and the Isle of
Ely is sufficient to indicate the importance of
the church buildings generally at the Norman
period. Even the small village church having
any connection with a conventual body is, even
now, often able to point to the interesting archi-
tectural features which it possesses in common
with the imposing edifice which nurtured it.
Some such influence may even be discerned in
regard to the holdings of foreign ecclesiastics
xxvi INTRODUCTION
in different parts of the county. There is not
the sHghtest doubt but that the earlier churches
so connected, as Chesterton (Abbey of VerceUi),
Dulhngham (Abbey of St. Wendrille), Fen
Drayton (Abbey of Bon Repos in Normandy),
Swavesey (Abbey of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus,
Normand}^); carried unmistakable marks of such
association.
In like manner the Norman church architecture
of the county has been very largely displaced, so
that comparatively few structures remain that to
any extent may be said to mark the period.
The thirteenth century has bequeathed to us
the beautiful work of the Early English style,
fashioned largely upon the Norman, but pos-
sessing its own well-known characteristic features.
Some beautiful examples are to be found in the
county of churches that not only display evidence
of the style, but quite a large number that exhibit
in their ground-plan unquestionable indications
of settled arrangement that has scarcely been
disturbed. The not infrequent occurrence of
Early English arches resting upon Norman piers
is very marked, e.g. in the nave of St. Mary's,
Ely, the chancel arch at Rampton, and elsewhere.
This feature either points to a considerable
interval between the sectional work, to the
necessity of acquiring greater stability afforded
INTRODUCTION xxvii
by the pointed arch, or what may have come
to be regarded as an architectural improvement.
It is an interesting problem. The Early English
clerestories with lancet lights at Elm and Little
Downham and the west triforium of the former
church are interesting. It is, however, to the
Decorated period that we refer most of our
church buildings as they now exist. So far as
Cambridgeshire is concerned, it was the period
during which the main work of building anew
was carried on. Churches were then rearranged,
and in many instances the taste which had been
developed in the previous century gave place to
a widespread movement which has resulted in
our proud possession of numerous buildings
of singular merit. The subsequent style that
came in towards the close of the 14th cent.
— the Perpendicular — introduces us not only
to a church building era, but also to a time
when considerable alterations and additions
were made to the existing structures. While
roofs of a more or less ornate character were
raised and clerestories formed, the pitch of roofs
was in many cases altered. The insertion of
enlarged arches and windows in accordance with
the prevailing taste was actively pursued, and
we are consequently left with churches that in
the main possess all the different styles. Much
xxviii INTRODUCTION
light is thrown upon the church building opera-
tions of the last-named period in the entries
furnished by the books of church accounts.^
The influence of the great church architect,
Alan de Walsingham, is very marked throughout
the county during the 14th cent., especially in
regard to churches more immediately associated
with the mother church of Ely. It is not improb-
able that most of the church building enterprises
of the period were more or less under his par-
ticular direction. Some of the finest examples of
the Dec. style in the county, not to mention his
superb creation the Lady Chapel at Ely (parish
church of the Holy Trinity), has been attributed to
Alan. The building activity of the 1 5th and early
1 6th centuries is everywhere apparent. Subse-
quent structural changes during the progress of
the Reformation are admittedly infinitesimal,
being nominally restricted to the overthrow of
what was deemed offensive ; much that the re-
ligious zeal of past generations had raised was
then ruthlessly destro3'ed. As a consequence the
churches were generally left in a sad condition.
^ The parish of Bassingbourne possesses a specially valuable
set of these records (1498-1534) that exhibit varied forms of
expenditure, including structural repairs and the provision of
church ornaments ; this particular undertaking was, upon
completion, celebrated in joyous fashion, which included the
performance of a Miracle play.
INTRODUCTION xxix
To quote from one of the Homilies: ** It is a sin
and a shame to see so many churches so ruinous
and so foully decayed almost in every quarter."
Sad excesses of frenzied zeal were well-nigh
continuous for a long period of years. ^
The Ely Visitation of 1685 discloses a sorry
picture of the condition of the churches in the
Archdeaconry, stated in many instances to have
been in a ruinous and filthy condition ; walls likely
to fall; pillars broken, floors sunken, and some-
times the church in use as a pigeon house. The
town plough was deposited in more than one
church.^ The font seems specially to have been
neglected (at East Hatley the ancient font formed
the steps to a stable). The thatched covering of
certain churches was stated to be ' pittiful ' and
'very nasty,' and there were " extream ill great
holes at which the pidgeons come in." The reed-
thatched roofs have, with two exceptions, disap-
peared ; Coveney was the last church to divest
itself of this picturesque but not wholly desirable
^ I find it impossible here to refer to the depredations of the
iconoclastic rabble that under William Dowsing invaded the
churches of the county where the Parliamentary influence was so
great : I have elsewhere dealt with this sacrilegious tour.
- Ploughs, perhaps those formerly used in the Plough Mon-
day observance, were quite recently found in the churches of
Harrington and Bassingbourne ; the two in the last-named church
may still remain.
XXX INTRODUCTION
form of covering. The churches retaining it are
Long Stanton St. Michael and Rampton (nave
only).^
The Cambridgeshire churches are in the main
built of clunch rubble, loosely connected together ;
indeed the core of many a wall upon removal of
the covering plaster is absolutely without cohesion.
This inferior wall construction, yielding to slight
pressure, jeopardises window tracery and the like.
Barnack stone from the famous Northants quarries
enters largely into the structure of the older
churches, and with quoins of Ketton ashlar, Sec,
give a measure of solidity to walls largely over-
laid with rough cast. This general form of cover-
ing appears to have been invariably good ; the
modern substitute has frequently been used with
bad effect. The practice of dispensing with rough
cast, leaving the outer wall uncovered and the
stones pointed, is now generally followed. The
extensive clunch quarries at Burwell and else-
where were largely drawn upon.^ This easily
worked stone of hard chalk is used for well-nigh
every class of work, from the richly sculptured
canopy to the simple masonry of the walls ;
^ I have dealt with the subject of " thatched churches"
at some length in ihe Atitiquary, vol. xxxviii.
2 There are no stone quarries in the neighbourhood ; the
requisite material had to be conveyed by navigable streams.
INTRODUCTION xxxi
frequently it appears on the exterior, for which it is
ill suited. A conglomerate or gravel stone found
in the neighbourhood has been much used in
outer wall facing. At Histon St. Andrew a
peculiar red oolite (probably Ketton stone) is
employed in the shafts of arcades and windows.
Only very slight use has been made of squared
flints.
The large size of many churches, e,g. Sutton,
Burwell, &c., when viewed in regard to a popula-
tion that must always have been small, is a fre-
quent cause for remark. The zeal and devotion of
mediaeval church builders was not circumscribed.
Pilgrims making their way to such a shrine as
Ely would assemble in these churches in con-
siderable numbers, and bring liberal offerings.
The towers ^ with but few exceptions are not
remarkable. All periods are represented, from
the well-knit Saxon tower of St. Benet's, Cam-
bridge, the round towers of Bartlow and Snail-
well, and so onwards. Of the several remaining
church spires, some are of considerable beauty, e.g.
Whittlesea and Leverington. Some of the window
tracery is remarkably fine. Much of the interest-
ing old stained glass has disappeared ; the most
perfect is found at Leverington and Landwade,
^ Several illustrated in Dr. F. J. Allen's paper in Proceedings
Camb. Antiq. Soc, vol. xiii.
C
xxxii INTRODUCTION
but several churches possess interesting frag-
ments. Several of the open timber roofs are of
elaborate construction, and carry rich and varied
ornamentation, exhibiting the best features of the
14th and 15th centuries. More ordinary timber
roofs, panelled and ribbed, with bosses and other
ornamental details, adorn many a smaller church.
The stone-groined roofs of porches, although in-
frequent, are of interest : the former chancel roof
of Holy Trinity, Cambridge, had stone vaulting.
The beauty and general excellence of many a
timber covering was long hidden beneath plaster.
Corbel heads or masks, found often at the intersec-
tion of the nave and aisle arches and elsewhere,
are probably in large part portraits. At Willing-
ham a large array of this form of sculpture has
been entirely defaced. At Chatteris the corbel
heads have been freshly carved or modelled anew.
Rood and parclose screens present features of
some interest. Several have lately disappeared.^
Many are more or less fragmentary. At Guilden
Morden there exists one of the most remarkable
examples. It seems to have furnished chapel
privacy, and it has been conjectured that the
pierced panel openings afforded convenience for
hearing confessions. The erection of rood-screens
^ An interesting canopy fragment of the Histon St. Etheldreda
screen is in the Archaeological Museum at Cambridge.
INTRODUCTION xxxiii
and the attached or inserted stairway has led to
frequent mutilation of masonry. The remains of
painting is scanty, especially in regard to panel
figures. The rood-altar is often indicated by
niche or piscina in the immediate vicinity; it was
accounted a privilege to be interred at the foot
of the rood-altar, both niche and fine monumental
slab covering a stone coffin are in this position at
Rampton. The dark oak partition screen now at
the east end of the two aisles in the church of
St. Mary the Great, Cambridge (originally ex-
tending across the entire width), enclosed the
chapels of Our Lady and St. Andrew. Erected
by Bishop Cosin in 1640, this chancel screen was
" ruined " by " multitudes of enraged soldiers
(let loose to reform)," and *' this screen had not
one jot of imagery or statue work about it." ^
The excellence of the woodwork is noticeable ;
the stalls with and without misericords are fairly
numerous. Well - nigh every form of carved
bench end, ranging from the plainest form of
poppy head to the most elaborate design, are still
to be found. Many of the finials are curious re-
presentations, in which the human and animal
form oddly combine. Some of the earliest date
as far back as the 14th cent. The 14th and 15 th
cent, pulpits at Fulbourne and Willingham are
^ Querela Cantabrigiensis.
xxxiv INTRODUCTION
specially good. At Oakington a dark oak settle
forms the sedile. Many churches possess the old
hand bier. Hatchments still attest, as at Chat-
teris and elsewhere, " the boast of heraldry and
the pomp of power." The ancient chests are
fairly numerous ; some of exceptional interest.
The dedications of Cambridgeshire churches
are interesting in connection with the recurrence
of the anniversary festival — the feast — usually
kept (or originally so planned) on the Sunday
next or before the festival of the saint whose name
the church bears. Much misconception prevails
in consequence of arbitrary change leading to
great uncertainty. Where the feast is coincident
with the assumed dedication, it may be held to
determine the matter.^ St. Mary the Virgin is
associated with upwards of fifty churches, All
Saints has about half that number, while St.
Andrew follows with some twenty dedications.
St. Etheldreda is remembered in a single modern
dedication ; the ancient destroyed church of
Histon was apparently the only Cambridgeshire
church so dedicated. The strange dedication
attached to Cheveley, St. Mary and the Holy
Host (sometimes given as St. Mary and the
^ E.g. Fordham is sometimes given as (i) St. Peter, (2) St.
Mary ; the feast is held June 29 (St. Peter's day), so the latter
may be accepted as correct.
INTRODUCTION xxxv
Holy G/iost), seems to be without authority, being
possibly derived from the form of bequest in
ancient wills, " I bequeathe m}' soule to ... to
St. Mary and to all the hoolie host of heven,"
and the church is referred to as "Ye Chyrche of
Seynt Marie of Heven." At Eltisley, St. Pan-
diana, and at March, St. Wendreda, point to local
influence of more than ordinary interest.
The county has been deprived of a large
number of its ancient bells by the process of
re-casting. Out of 710 bells, only 55 can be
assigned to a date earlier than the middle of
the 1 6th cent.^ Many of the earhest existing
bells are formed from the ancient metal. The
earliest (13th cent.) are found at All Saints,
Cambridge, at Kennett (second bell), and per-
haps the third at Elm. Madingley, Cherry
Hinton, and Conington have J 4th cent, bells.
At Chippenham the fourth of five bells has
the impressed head of Edward HI. Bells are
invariably associated with a particular saint, and
as at Rampton (where St. Oswald — a stranger in
East Anglia — is honoured by a Sancte Oswalde
Ora Pro Nobis due to the Scrope — Cambs. and
Yorks. — influence) are often of historical im-
portance. The earliest dated bells are two at
1 No less than 670 ancient bells were enumerated temp.
Edward VI.
C 2
xxxvi INTRODUCTION
Isleham (1516) and Wood Ditton (1588), The
bell inscriptions at Conington (three are of
pre-Reformation date) are specially interesting^
the tenor and treble bells have just been re-cast,
the ancient inscriptions being retained.
The Easter Sepulchre is generally associated
with a recess in N. wall of chancel, occasion-
ally known as 'the Founder's tomb.' The
position generally was taken up alike for ' the
Founder's tomb ' and the Easter ceremonies.
This form of recess leads me to speak of its
relationship with the so-called ' low-side window '
frequently found in Cambridgeshire churches.
At Cheveley, e.g., there is, facing the Easter
Sepulchre, a double low-side opening which
marks this connection, an oft-recurring feature.
It seems to furnish a clue to the express purpose
of the ' low-side window,' concerning which
there has been so much difference of opinion.
While the * low-side window ' may have been
utilised for a variety of purposes, e.g. ventilation
(when windows were without casements) and for
general use, &c., it was, I suggest, mainly con-
structed to afford a view from without of the
Easter Sepulchre, and generally placed at a
height favourable to devotion.^ The Lenten veil
1 A striking confirmation of such usage is afforded in the
sumptuous decking of the chief idol in the temples of India,
INTRODUCTION xxxvii
being drawn (the marks where the veil was fixed
may be still seen in some Cambridgeshire
churches) would effectually bar the interior view.
It was customary to watch the lavishly adorned
sepulchre, and it is reasonable to suppose that the
shutter being removed gave the people the desired
opportunit}^ The Easter Sepulchre observance
can scarcely be older than the 13th cent., and
no ' low-side window ' is earlier. That the
* low-side window ' is occasionally found not only
on the south side but also on the north does
not militate against this theory, seeing that an
exclusive use of the ^ low-side window ' is not
insisted upon; any variation in position must
be viewed as answering some particular require-
ment. To these unglazed apertures to which
the term * low-side window ' is applied (I discard
the foolish appellation ' Lepers' window ') I would
give the designation speculatories.
Niches, or wall openings, have been largely
uncovered during recent years, only in many
instances to disappear. One of singular interest
was found on the E. side of N. transept window
at Holy Trinity Church, Cambridge, in close
proximity to the altar of St. Erasmus, and
where identically similar low-side openings afford a view to
devotees and others, who are only allowed at stated intervals
to gaze upon the shrine and its gorgeously attired occupant.
xxxviii INTRODUCTION
contained the image of a mitred abbot richly
coloured.^ The tall narrow niche in the S. aisle
wall at Gamlingay, for processional cross or
banner staves, is a fine example. At Cheveley,
in chancel wall, facing the priest's door, reaching
to the floor, is a similar locker. Holy water
stoups, more or less mutilated, are not numerous;
they are generally found in a wall recess in the
S.E. angle of the porch, or within at the S.,
sometimes at the N. doorway, or even outside
as at Gamlingay. Occasionally the stoup rests on
a pillared bracket. In the W. porch at Chatteris
the angle stoup is of double canopied form.
Piscinas are numerous and varied, and date from
the 13th cent. Many are double, ^having inter-
laced or trefoiled arches. At Chatteris a former
mutilated example has been worked into a single
piscina. At Bottisham the singular E.E. double
piscina is divided by a shaft, with square head
and horizontal mouldings above ; sedilia of three
E.E. arches adjoin. Occasionally the sediha is
double only, as in S. aisle at Little Wilbraham,
where it is graduated and divided by stone par-
tition or elbow. It is sometimes found simply in
the lowered sill of S.E. window, as at Balsham.
The larger number of fonts belong to the Perp.
period, but with the exception of the magnificent
^ Now in Cambridge Archseological Museum.
INTRODUCTION xxxix
font at Leverington and two or three of lesser
note, the series is not remarkable. The Dec.
fonts are fairly numerous, usually more or less
plain. The E.E. fonts are of special importance,
usually square basins resting on shafts. Norman
fonts (not uncommon) possess features of interest,
and are generally older than any other part of
the church. Where they have not been tampered
with they bear the marks of the obligatory
fastenings.
Interesting portions of alabaster or clunch
statuary of the altar reredos {tabula retro altare)y
richly gilt and coloured, have been, during recent
years, taken from places of concealment. Bishop
Thomas de Insula gave to St. Mary the Less,
Cambridge, in 1357, ^'quasdam tabulas depictas
ad ornatum summi altaris." These re-tables fell
in 1 541, under Bishop Goodrich's injunction,
enforced in 1550 at a diocesan synod at Barn-
well.
There are numerous monumental brasses, most
of which have fine effigies, including one of the
earliest and best known, that of Sir Roger de
Trumpington, 1286. The finest monumental
effigies of early date are those at Little Shelford,
Borough Green, and Rampton.^
The walls of most Cambridgeshire churches
^ Illustrated in Stothard's Monumental Effigies,
xl INTRODUCTION
were covered with paintings. Traces more or
less perfect have from time to time been found
upon the clearing of superincumbent plaster and
whitewash. The complete discovery of a subject
is in many cases well-nigh impossible owing to
the state of the walls. Many of these mural
paintings have been cruelly destroyed within
living memory. Several that remain are of con-
siderable interest. One at Lolworth (14th cent.)
represents the '^ Incredulity of St. Thomas,"
another at Hauxton, St. Thomas of Canterbury.
The ornamental ironwork with which doors
are occasionally more or less overlaid is often
good ; the hinges frequently ramify the greater
part of the surface. The door handles, and
even the locks and keys, are sometimes notice-
able.
Gargoyles, serving as outlets for the rain from
off the church roofs, are frequent, and often seem
to suggest the horrors associated with a torrent
of waters and the watery wastes of the fen land.
Old gravestones, quaintly carved, chiefly of
1 8th cent, date, and fashioned by local masons,
abound. Chatteris, which has one of the best
displays of this well-nigh obsolete art, has on the
S. side of churchyard a series of * catacombs/
bricked-up arches, the spaces utiHsed as vaults.
The removal of a number of very fine slabs
INTRODUCTION xli
from the church into the churchyard is regret-
table.
Some interest centres in wells or springs
situate in churchyards. An uncovered well is at
Long Stanton St. Michael ; a spring on the N.
side of Coton church may have been similarly
a Holy well. The ornamental coved structure of
stone in the churchyard of St. Botolph, Cambridge,
is presumably a conduit, the stream passing by
the west door of the church culverted to this
point.
During the past half century there has been a
great revival of interest in the ancient parish
churches. Viewed simply as historical land*-
marks they are of inestimable importance. In
ill-advised attempts to replace lost features of
interest irreparable injury has frequently resulted ;
more especially is this the case when ancient de-
tails are sacrificed in the introduction of some
fancy renewal or incongruous addition. Those
entrusted with the care of a church should have an
enlarged conception of the principles that ought to
govern any attempt at structural renovation ; in
a word, all should be done in the spirit of reverent
conservation.
The exigencies of space have obliged me to
omit a number of topics of interest and import-
ance, and generally to curtail my remarks. The
xlii INTRODUCTION
omission of all reference in this Introduction to
destroyed and desecrated churches, church plate,
architectural and other peculiarities, chantries,
religious houses, &c., and also an account of the
various MSS. and printed works relating to
the county churches, must be assigned to this
cause.
THE CHURCHES OF
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
AND ISLE OF ELY
Abington, Great, S.E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary:
Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. porch, and W. tower
(which is held up by immense timbers and heavily
ironed), one bell and priest's bell, places for
five bells. Chancel E.E., E. window Perp.,
double piscina E.E., window of two lights, the
sill forming sediHa. A niche on N. side. No
chancel arch. Remains of rood staircase, and
window to lighten loft. Nave of four arches
Dec, plain architraves, piers formed of four
semicircular shafts, nave and aisle windows
Perp., those on N. side peculiarly placed. S.
porch Perp. Tower E.E. W. window a good
triplet. Font Norm., octagonal on a circular
base, built into adjacent wall. Monument with
alabaster recumbent effigy to Sir Wm. Haulton,
Kt., of Middle Temple {ob. 1636). The interior
walls being unplastered present a singular ap-
pearance. Register, 1664. Bishop's Transcript,
1608. Restored, 1895.
A
2 THE CHURCHES OF
Abington, Little, S.E. of Cambridge. — St.
Mary : Chancel, nave, N. transept, S. porch,
embattled W. tower, one bell (the tenor of a
peal). Chancel E.E. E. window three lancets
(stained glass). Double piscina with tooth
moulding. Lofty chancel arch and wall opening
on N. side. Perp. rood-screen (late). Transept
E.E. Piscina in N.E. pier of arch. The nave is
Dec, with Norm. (? Saxon) doorway on N. side.
Piscina on S. side. Porch late Perp., with
inner Norm, doorway. Tower early Dec, with
lancet arch. Font E.E., square basin on central
and angular shafts. Some good quarries of old
glass. Traces are found about blocked N. (Saxon)
doorway of so-called Celtic design known as *knot-
work.' Register, 1668. Bp.'s Transcript, 1623.
Restored, 1885.
Abington Piggotts {Abijigton-in-the-Clay ^ or
Abingi07i juxta Shingay)^ S.W. of Cambridge. —
St. Michael: Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled
W. tower, two bells. Chancel early Dec. East
window late Perp. Chancel arch Dec Perp.
rood-screen, entrance to rood-loft visible. Piscina
little more than a niche. Nave Perp., with plain
open roof. Porch Perp., bears date 1382. Tower
Perp. Font modern. Monumental brass to
civilian, possibly a Piggott, with 8 sons and
8 daughters (wife lest), c. 1460, principal
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 3
figure 3 feet in Icngtli, no inscription. There have
apparently been others. Various Piggott memo-
rials. Register, 1653. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Arrington, S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Nicholas :
Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower
(brick) with low spire, one bell (1583). Chancel
early Dec. Windows have plain intersecting mul-
lions, very fine E.E. double piscina, with inter-
secting arches and mutilated sedilia. Nave has
Dec. arches. Originally there were N. and S.
aisles, arches remain in the walls. Perp. windows
inserted below. Tower early Dec, arch plain
without caps. S. porch modern. Old open seats
remain in nave, also roof tie-beams. Font Norm.,
tub-shaped, rude and massive. Some reputed
'Saxon' remains. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored, 1894.
Ashley cum Silverley, S.E. of Newmarket. —
Ashley St. Mary is ruinated ; seems to have been
Dec. (about a mile from village). The chapel,
simply a nave with low Dec. tower, gave place in
1845 to present cruciform building of flint and
Bath stone dressings, consisting of chancel, nave,
transepts, and W. turret, one bell. Silverley All
Saints has Dec. tower only remaining; once a
fair-sized church, with nave, chancel, N. and S.
porches. An older church may be traced. Re-
gister, 1746.
4 THE CHURCHES OF
Babraham (in Park), N. of Cambridge. — St.
Peter : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, porches,
N. and S. embattled W. tower, two bells. Chan-
cel Dec, sedilia E.E., piscina. Double aumbry.
E. window Perp., of three lights, the tracery
moulded, mullions and jambs plain. Two Dec.
windows of two lights. Lancets blocked in E.
and N. walls. Priest's door. The old pews
remain. Chancel arch Perp. On S. side of
chancel arch trefoiled niche. Nave of four arches
Perp., with debased clerestory windows (3 and
4), two lights under square heads. Large
porches, with open windows Perp. Floor of S.
aisle elevated, vault beneath. At E. end (window
blocked) a marble monument, with effigies to
Richard Bennet {ob. 1658) and Sir Thos. Bennet,
Bart. {pb. 1667). Early Dec. window (S.E.) of
two lights, transomed, low-side window beneath.
Dec. piscina. Some old open seats. Font
octagonal on stem, with Perp. cover. Pulpit
and reading-desk of primitive arrangement by
E. nave pier. Gallery at W. end. Tablet to
Thomas Feltham. Monuments to the Adeanes.
The matrix of a priest's brass on chancel
floor. Coffin-lid with Maltese cross. A chantry
(St. Mary) founded here latter half of 13th cent.
Sir Horatio Palavicini (of Genoa, naturalised
1586), collector of papal dues (which on Queen
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 5
Elizabeth's accession he appropriated and built
Babraham Hall), was buried here. Register, 156 1.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored (several win-
dows renewed), 1906.
Balsham, S.W. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity:
Fine and interesting church, rebuilt by John de
Sleford, rector [pb. 1401). Chancel, clerestoried
nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, five bells.
Chancel Dec, with large five-light E. window.
Priest's door S. side (blocked). Double set of
windows N. and S. ; lower Dec, upper plain Perp.
The six nave arches have piers deeply moulded,
apparently Dec, but may be later. Clerestory
and porch Perp. Fine 14th cent, rood-screen in
excellent preservation, stairs in an angle by S.
aisle and chancel, perfect ascent throughout to
loft. Twenty-four fine oak stalls with miseri-
cords placed in chancel by John de Sleford
(Master of Wardrobe to Edward III.), who is
commemorated in a fine effigy brass (1401), in
which he appears vested in magnificent cope,
with embroidered orphreys, under an imposing
triple canopy, with seraphim, &c. These stalls
were evidently occupied by chantry priests, to-
gether with the rector and chaplains.^ Another
^ Wm. de Oulthoipe, rector, bequeathed loo marks for twenty
chaplains to celebrate for one year for his soul and the soul of
John Hotham, late Bp. of Ely.
6 THE CHURCHES OF
fine brass to John Blodwell (pb. 1462), vested in
cope ornamented with lions' heads, and orphreys
embroidered with figures of saints, under canopy
containing saints' effigies in shaft niches, with a
curious dialogue inscription. Font duodecagonal,
with octagonal shaft. Another brass in N. aisle
{c. 1475), a man in armour. The brasses possibly
spared when Dowsing visited this church, owing
to the influence of the then rector. Dr. Templer.
In S. aisle wall an ogee piscina with finial. S.
door is ancient work. Some good open seats,
and carved bench end poppy heads. Re-
naissance carving on front of lectern. Tower
early Dec, strongly buttressed. W. door and
windows blocked by additional buttress, render-
ing lower stage of tower quite dark. This work
in connection with tower (probably owing to the
necessity- for strengthening the fabric) was carried
out in 1589. Porch has good characteristic
gargoyles. Some N. aisle windows have fine
old glass in tracery, canopies of destroyed
window subjects. Royal arms remain in nave.
Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1605. Re-
stored, 1875.
Barrington, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints :
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. chantry
chapel, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower,
six bells. Chancel Dec, with four windows, two
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i
lights, flowing tracery, and lancet on N. side. E.
window five lights Perp. Good Dec. piscina and
priest's doorway. Chancel arch E.E., with triple
shafts, moulded caps, and nail-head ornament.
Nave of five arches on clustered E.E. piers of
four round shafts, caps moulded and ornamented
with nail head. Clerestory good Perp., of two
lights, with pointed arches; externally they have
hoods with foliated spandrils. N. aisle Perp.,
with good windows and original roof. Chantry
chapel (founded here by John Admond, 1471)^
late Perp., contiguous to N. aisle, having two low
arches. Perp. piscina and aumbry with shelf. A
mutilated niche at E. end. At W. end of this chapel
Perp. porch. S. aisle has E.E. walls, Dec. E. win-
dow, Perp. side windows, roof plain. Good Perp.
corbels throughout the church. S. doorway fine
E.E., richly moulded arch, with tooth and nail
ornament. Three shafts in jambs on either
side, tooth ornament between. Some caps have
leaf foliage. Oak door good Dec, with flowing
tracery in porch angle. Windows fine early
Perp. Parapets are embattled. Stoup, muti-
lated, has canopy over. Inner arch of doorway
has tooth ornament. Tower arch good Perp.
Responds with moulded caps on earlier springing
* There were two other chantries, that of St. Mary, and
one founded by Lady Haslerton.
8 THE CHURCHES OF
stones. Tower Perp., with large buttresses
reaching to parapet. Belfry windows and low
W. window Perp., lancet-shaped loops on ringing
floor. On outside wall S. aisle, Dec, recessed arch
probably leading to a chantry chapel, or may be
sepulchral. In tower an aumbry with ancient oak
doors. Nave seated with 1 5th cent, benches finely
carved, having book boards. Jacobean pulpit.
Desk made out of Perp. rood-screen. Norm, or
E.E. font, square basin on Dec. base, mutilated
shafts at angles panelled. Rood staircase perfect.
Fine oak (?Norm.) iron-bound chest. Register,
1563. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1874-91.
Bartlow, E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: Chan-
cel, nave, N. porch, round W. tower embattled.
A peal of three untouched mediaeval bells, with
black letter inscriptions and interesting founders'
shields. Chancel Dec, E. window Perp., chan-
cel arch without caps. Cinquefoil piscina. N.
and S. windows Dec, two lights, some old glass.
In S. wall of nav« a piscina. Three windows
Perp., one Dec. Octagonal font Perp., plain.
On N. wall of nave a painting of St. Christopher.
Porch Perp. The feature of the church is the
circular tower, early Dec, having the walls 6 feet
thick. Arch of lancet form. Register, 1573.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Barton, W.S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Peter:
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 9
Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower
with pinnacles and turret, four bells. Chancel
windows Dec, E. window Perp. ; hood mould
may be E.E., arch quite plain, without piers.
Aumbry and piscina. Beautiful rood-screen
Perp., very good specimen, enriched with shields
of arms, doors missing.^ String Dec, with
scroll moulding, runs under the windows in-
ternally, and carried over N. and S. doorways.
Nave windows Dec, with good hood moulds
and terminal masks within and without. The
windows of two trefoiled lights with quatrefoil
above. Under N.E. nave window a piscina Dec,
cornice moulding carried round top of walls.
The porch displays two trefoiled arches, with
two plain niches. At side of S. door, within
nave, a stoup. Doorways, porch, and tower of
like character. At S.W. angle, externally, a
singular square staircase turret. Lofty tower
arch well moulded. Windows have fragments of
Dec. glass. The roofs were formerly high pitched.
Font plain octagonal basin with panelled tracery,
Dec, in the stem, let into adjacent wall. Brasses
to John Martin and Margaret his wife (with
effigies), 1593. Register, 1687. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1600. Restored, 1885-6.
^ Rood-screen and door handle figured in Brandon's An-
alysis of Gothic Architecture.
10 THE CHURCHES OF
Bassingbourne, N.W. of Royston. — Sts. Peter
and Paul : Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, and
embattled W. tower (rebuilt 1897), five bells.
Chancel very fine Dec, good E. window five
lights, sedilia, and double piscina, with pinna-
cles and canopies, also an aumbry. Windows
N. and S. Loft}' and good chancel arch Dec.
Rood-screen Perp., the workmanship somewhat
rough ; entrance to rood-loft visible. Nave of
six Dec. arches, with octagonal piers and cleres-
tory windows above. Aisles transition Dec. to
Perp.; windows mostly square headed, with flow-
ing tracery. There was a N. chapel, which has
been destroyed. Piscina remains. At E. end
of S. aisle fine Dec. piscina, and in E. window
jambs there are niches. The tower E.E., with
windows of later date. Good early wooden
Perp. porch. Font panelled, early Perp. Some
good stained glass. Very good open seats. There
is a lych-gate. Churchwardens' accounts, 1498,
and inventories of great interest. Effigy brass
(poor) to Edwin Turpin and wife, 1683. Regis-
ter, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored,
1865, 1879.
Borough Green, S. of Newmarket. — St,
Augustine: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, W.
tower, five bells. This small, interesting church
much altered to the loss of important features.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE ii
Chancel has E. window Dec. On S. side a
Dec. window, E.E. sedilia, and double piscina,
with round shafts and trefoiled arches. Chancel
arch gone, shafts alone remain. Formerly on
S. side of chancel a chantry chapel of the de
Burgh famil3\ At its demolition the fine Dec.
monuments, with recumbent effigies, were re-
moved into chancel (N. wall), within ornamental
arched recesses. A chantry was on the S. side.
The three canopied tombs with six effigies, and
two on the floor at the E. end below the effigy
within the easternmost recess, probabl}^ origin-
ally on table-tomb to Sir John Ingoldesthorpe
and Elizabeth de Burgh, his wife. Formerly in
chancel, brasses on tomb of Edmund Ingoldes-
thorpe {ob. 1456), who married Margaret de la
Pole. The last-named female figure has been
removed to W. end of church. The male figure
now regarded as attendant squire to the knight.
The effigies are more or less mutilated, without
names or dates; they bear evidence of having
been much interfered with. This is the more
regrettable, as they are similar to the others in
the church. The effigies exhibit some peculi-
arities, and it is difficult to understand the
arrangement. Two of the tombs have each
three shields in front within quatrefoils, similar
smaller shields within the arch. The lady's
12 THE CHURCHES OF
effigy (Catharine, second wife of Sir John de
Burgh) has a supporting angel at her head,
the wings touching her shoulders, her hands
hold a heart (as in the case of two of the male
effigies). No animal at her feet, as with the men.
Nave of three arches, with octagonal piers.
Aisle windows now without mullions and bereft
of tracery. Each aisle has three pointed gables,
plastered, with traces of former windows. Some
good terminal heads. In S.E. angle of S. aisle
an ogee piscina, trefoiled, by the easternmost
window ; the sill forms a bench. Font plain
octagonal, bears date 1672. It has a low cover,
surmounted by a dove. Towner arch and W.
window Dec. A curious exterior feature is ob-
servable in regard to the buttresses, which are
pierced to admit an open drain, which has been
excavated (possibly when the church was re-
stored in 1 7 10), and constructed wuth peculiar
care. Register, 1571. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599-
Bottisham, E. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity
(mainly early 14th cent., finest in county of that
style) : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N.
and S. porches, large W. porch, or ' Galilee,'
low embattled W. tower with pinnacles, five
bells. Chancel early Dec, with Perp. windows,
memorial E. window three lancets, reredos, double
E.E. piscina and sediHa. Chancel arch E.E. or
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 13
early Dec. Rood-screen of stone Perp., three lofty
arches with pierced spandrils. Both aisles have
parclose oak screens of delicate tracery, which
may have extended across the nave. Nave has
five lofty and richly-moulded arches Dec, piers
with bell caps. Clerestory has single lancets of
same date, and two small windows inserted in
E. wall. Aisles have very fine windows early
Dec, with characteristic tracery under S. aisle
windows ; within and without is richly moulded
arcading, each arch enclosing a stone coffin,
upon which the walls appear to have been built.
At E. end of aisle large and beautiful piscina
and sedile early Dec Double string course
runs round interior above and below windows,
the upper terminating in labels. N. and S.
porches very good Dec. The architraves of
doors spring from shafts, over which a string
course is carried as a square hood. Tower rests
on a low arch. To the W. is an E.E. porch, to
which the cognomen of * Galilee ' is applied. It
has been suggested that this was the lower stage
of an earlier tower. In N. aisle a table-tomb of
Purbeck marble, with matrix of brass effigy, and
canopy and panelled sides set off by shields.
Matrix of brass and marginal inscription in Lom-
bardic characters commemorates Elias de Beck-
ingham, a Justiciar of the Common Pleas, said to
14 THE CHURCHES OF
have been (with one exception) the only honest
Judge in the reign of Edward I. {pb. 1305). At
E. end of N. aisle good Dec. screen. Within are
two monuments: (i) to Margaret, daughter of
Wm. Coningsbye, and (2) effigies in marble, and
cherubs supporting a canopy, to two children of
Wm. and EHzabeth AUington {pb. 1638). The
stained E. window and reredos are memorials
to Colonel Jenyns, one of the Balaclava " Six
Hundred." There are also memorials to Francis
Hasell (pb. 1659) ^^^ others. S. aisle has similar
screen, enclosing large tomb of white marble to Sir
Roger Jenyns and Elizabeth his wife, with their
effigies in night garb. Hexagonal font plain Dec.
Square graduated base of three steps. The but-
tresses are panelled and finished in triangular
heads, trefoiled. Windows without have moulded
drop arch.^ There was mural exterior painting
here formerly. Register, 1 561. Bp.'s Transcript,
1599. Restored, 1875-91.
Bourne, W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary (? St.
Helen y whose Feast-day, May 3rd, is kept) :
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisle, transepts, S.
porch, fine embattled tower with turret stair-
way at S.W. angle, six bells. Chancel early
Perp., with two-light side windows Dec. and
^ The details of the church are ?et out in Brandon's Analysis
of Goth ic A rch itecture.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 15
early Perp., N. and S. are Norm, arches. Perp.
sedilia, square headed. Fifteenth cent, priest's
doors N. and S. Good stalled benches with
poppy heads; one inscribed " A.P. of B.A.,
1534." Hammer-beam Perp. roof with modern
angel figures, Perp. rood-screen and door to
loft. Chancel arch (enlarged at the recent re-
storation), previously same size as nave arches,
late transition Norm. Nave of five arches late
transition Norm. On N. side piers have moulded
caps, on S. side escalloped, and alternately octa-
gonal and circular. Before recent restoration
the bases were below floor level. S. aisle win-
dows Perp., and debased. Single lancet lights
at W. end of aisles. The clerestory windows
round, with quatrefoils, a string runs E. to W.
The easternmost is a two-light, square-headed
window, designed to give light to the rood-loft.
Transepts Dec. The S. transept (chantry of
St. Mary) has a dividing arch, and contains re-
puted tomb of * founder,' and a piscina. Under
the end window a sepulchral recess at a higher
level. The N. transept has two niches on either
side of E. window, aumbry on N. side. Tower
square, massive, E.E., on three fine arches, with
clustered shafts and moulded caps. Aisles con-
tinuous on each side of tower, with ascent of
three steps under W. arch, fine lofty E.E. arched
i6 THE CHURCHES OF
buttresses across, and lancet windows. W.
doorway E.E., richly moulded, with deep hol-
lows, six shafts in each jamb, and circular caps.
Tall tower windows have two lights and quatre-
foils in head, and accompanying outlines present
form of arcading. Upper story divided b}'
transoms. Fine buttresses reach to battlement
and wooden spire (which has a bend), lead
covered. Aisle buttresses good plain E.E. S.
porch late E.E., has fine gable cross, doorway
late transition Norm. Some good oak benches,
tracery in panels. The old sounding-board now
forms part of vestry table. In S. transept several
tombs and slabs. Tablet to Erasmus Ferrar.
Font plain octagonal. A reputed ' maze ' exists
on ground floor of tower. Register, 1564. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1875-8.
Boxworth, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Peter:
Chancel, nave, S. aisle, N. and S. porches, em-
battled tower, clock, one bell. Chancel modern.
E. window of three lights. No side windows.
Nave Dec, with two-light windows ; piers have
octagonal shaft faces set against square pilasters.
Four low Dec. arches, with moulded caps.
Perp. aisle with late windows. On S. side two
buttresses with angular shafts. Porch Perp.
Font large octagonal, plain. Small ancient
chest bound with iron. The church has been
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 17
severely restored and much interesting work
destroyed. All the windows being of modern
stained glass render the church particularly dark.
Considerable portions of Norman masonry from
the interior incorporated in outside wall of S. aisle.
Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re-
stored, 1868-9.
Brinkley, S.W. of Newmarket. — St. Mary:
Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W.
tower, vestry, six bells. Chancel Dec, E. win-
dow four good lights, two elegant windows of
two lights, Dec, on N. and S. sides, with low-
side openings below transoms. Chancel arch Dec,
with squint on either side. Some old stained
glass. Nave Dec, four arches with octagonal
piers. Aisle windows mutilated. Open porch
Perp., circular shafts of arch formed of red brick.
N. aisle has piscina, S. aisle a stoup. Tower
Dec, tracery of upper W. window gone. W. win-
dow Perp. ; an entrance to belfry steps by inner
door, approach from without curiously arranged.
Exterior has squared flint panelling. Jacobean
pulpit, at the back of which is placed, resplen-
dent in gold and colours, a constable's staff,
dated 1734. Matrix of brasses, man and two
wives. A tablet, with curious inscription in
Latin, on S. wall of chancel, in memory of Richard
White, " a blessed little infant," who apparently
B
1 8 THE CHURCHES OF
died at or near the font. The inscription, which
is singular]}^ interesting, is as follows : —
u
I • P • M
RICH^i WHITE INFANTULI BEATIS'^^
1.
"-PECCATOi RENATUS]
Tnatus 90 Jul
1 RENATUS]
120
IdenatusJ
QUI IN
A
SINE.
e Lavacro simui ac Vita excessit
in Vitam auspicate Albatus aeternam
1723
Arms. — Argent, a fess engrailed between three
(unicorns?) heads, gules ( White). Impaling: Or
on a bend engrailed vert, three pheons of the
field (Tipping).
Register, 1685. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Re-
stored, 1874.
Burwell (including part of Reach hamlet, where
there is a school church on site of ruined chapel,
of which the E. end still remains), N.W. of New-
market.— St. Mary : Fine large Perp. church,
perhaps the most important example in the
county, though somewhat late. Chancel (with
crypt), nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, embattled
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 19
W. tower (of uncommon form) with pinnacles
and spire, clock, five bells, and priest's bell. The
chancel, restored 1864, is particularly interesting,
possessing six rich Perp. niches for life-sized
figures, with canopies between the fine large
windows. Of the original six niches, two are on
each side, two at E. end, these latter larger and
more enriched. They were destroyed to make
way for incongruous monuments belonging to
the families of Gerard, Cotton, and Russell.
The entrance to the crypt (^' the monk's hole"),
on N. side of chancel, is blocked, and crypt not
accessible. Over the chancel arch is some rich
panelling of three tiers, pierced with circular
window, beneath which is the following in-
scription : —
. Ovale p. diahs Johis Benet Johanie et Alicie kx. ei .
. parefiiu que suof qtii fieri ficer t ht^nc pariete ac
. Carpiitarid navis ecclie a. do. MC.CC.CLXilii. . .
Against chancel walls, Perp., benches richly carved
with flowing tracery. Open roof, richly carved,
has fine bosses. Nave of five lofty Perp. arches,
with ten large clerestory windows on each side.
The intervening space between arch spandrils
and clerestory windows filled with cinquefoil
tracery of chaste and intricate design. The piers
are particularly good. The roof is hardly less
20 THE CHURCHES OF
fine than that of the chancel. The carved work,
with flowing patterns coeval with the church, is
excellent. Each aisle has six large, lofty windows.
Roofs have richly carved cornices. At E. end of
each aisle is a piscina. N. and S. porches fine
Perp. ; N. porch has stone roof with fan tracer}
five niches over entrance. The buttresses en
in pinnacles carrying statues. S. porch has goo.
timber roof. Tower, with lower portion of spire,
is a medley of mixed styles ; upper part, Dec, is
octagonal, with buttresses and staircase turret.
The lower portions are earlier, the main lower
portion of the tower being square. The upper
W. window is not central ; the lower W. window,
of four lights, Perp. Font Perp., octagonal, with
shallow panels. Lower part of fine rood-screen
remains. A ^ palimpsest ' brass of singular
interest commemorates a canon (c. 1550). On
the reverse an abbot (John Lawrence de Warde-
boys, last abbot of Ramsey), c. 1500 (showing
remarkable changes) ; also, on reverse of canopy,
a deacon (in part). The latter of special interest,
as no similar brass is known in England. Some
200 yards to the N.E. of St. Mary's Church was
a church dedicated to St. Andrew. Register,
1562. Restored, 1867-8.
Oaldecot (consolidated with To/t), W. of Cam-
bridge.— SL Michael: Anciently a chapel to
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 21
Bourne. Chancel, nave, N. and S. porches,
embattled W. tower, three bells (third pre-
Reformation). Chancel rebuilt 1858-9. E.
window of three lights, others single lights.
. Crocketed niche, cinquefoiled, in E. wall on S.
,side of chancel arch. Carved stalls and rood-
-screen with traces of colour. Nave windows of
^ two lights early Dec, and some good glass. On
N. side one foliated lancet ; others Perp. on each
side, W. opening with square head. Tower arch
has continuous Perp. mouldings without caps.
Some remains of old open seats. Font octagonal.
N. porch has side-lights and gable cross, un-
usual design. S. porch has stoup in angle
supported on shaft. Niche over outer doorway,
inner doorway has square hood. Register, 1728.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1860-1.
Cambridge. — All Saints: Present church
built opposite Jesus College 1863-4. E.E. style.
It took the place of ^^ All Saints in the Jewry ^'
(or *■ by the hospital,' now St. John's College,
opposite to which the old church stood).^ A
memorial cross on site of old churchyard
scarcely atones for the regrettable loss of an
ancient building and the desecration involved in
its destruction, or, as it is put, the ' removal ' of
^ There was still an earlier church dedicated to All Saints ^
close to the castle.
22 THE CHURCHES OF
the church.^ It was a late Perp. erection, which,
if in no way remarkable as a building, had some
good parts. The double hammer-beam roof with
small pierced panels was removed to Wendy
church. Clerestory windows, if such they could
be called, were dormers. Nave had three pier
arches on each side, four centred. An original
vestry at E. end of S. aisle. Font, good Perp.,
was removed to new church. Low embattled
tower of three stages had double windows under
square heads in upper stages. A public footpath
passed through tower under an arched passage.
There was a thatched roof, which was removed
when the chancel (dilapidated by Jesus College
in i6th cent.) was rebuilt in 1722. The church
itself was taken dovvu in 1865. Bell and pave-
ment were taken to the new church ; all else was
sold by public auction. The present church con-
sists of chancel, nave, S. aisle of like dimensions,
and embattled tower with lofty spire. Three
bells. E. window a memorial to the widow of
Sir Gilbert Affleck, Bart., and wife of Dr. Whe-
well. Master of Trinity [pb. 1865). The walls are
decorated, and bear suitable inscriptions. Re-
gister, 161 1. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
^ Inscribed on tablets round the base are names of benefactors
and others of the parish, and various gravestones are laid out on
the site.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 23
St. Andrew the Great. — The previous (17th
cent.) church was remarkably low-pitched and
mean. The nave, however, retained its former
arches late Dec, and the early Dec. piers. The
W. arch is described as particularly beautiful,
and a good trefoiled E.E. piscina and two shallow
orifices in N. transept remained. Lofty cast-iron
piers and flat arches mounted on wooden pedestals,
and much else that moved the indignation of the
C. C. S., was introduced when the church was
rebuilt in modern Perp. style 1842-3. It consists
of chancel, nave, aisles, and embattled W. tower,
having a four-centred doorway, with pinnacles
and gargoyles ; eight bells. Five Perp. windows
in each aisle, transomed. Flat oak roofs and
galleries. Font plain octagonal. Many mural
tablets, &c., including memorials to Captain James
Cook, the circumnavigator, and others of his
family ; Henry Gunning (senior esquire Bedell,
author of Cambridge Reminiscences). Register,
1635. Bp.'s Transcript, 1605.
St. Andrew the Less. — Small interesting E.E.
building (the capella extra poi^tas of Barnwell
Priory). Without aisles or separation of nave
and chancel, although there are traces of a rood-
screen and loft, cutting off about one-third of the
area eastward. Two good doorways and plain long
lancet windows. Some inserted Perp. windows .
24 THE CHURCHES OF
splays of windows have traces of colour, early
13th cent. Two-light low-side window, tran-
somed. The original polychrome on walls was
restored. At W. end two lancets. At E. end a
triplet, with shafts and moulded arches. There
is a S. porch, W. belfry, and one bell. Register,
1753, Bp.'s Transcript, 1603.
Christ Churchy erected in 1839. — Embattled
structure of red brick with stone dressings.
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, and
octagonal embattled turrets at angles of nave,
one of which has a small beU. The interior
has galleries on three sides. It is an unlovely
church both within and without, but for all
intents and purposes it is the chief church of
this large parish.
Stourbridge Chapel^ St. Mary Magdalene. — A
free chapel in Barnwell, now desecrated, origin-
ally belonging to the leper hospital, some time
used as a barn, at present in custody of the
Camb. Antiq. Soc, and practically never entered.
It is a small Norm, building, chancel and nave.
The chancel arch exhibits rich workmanship.
Open timber Perp. roof (formerly groined), walls
were lower. Two good doorways, some small
windows with good mouldings. The W. gable and
capping mould of later date ; lancet, two circular
windows.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 25
SL Benedict. — Of special interest and remote
antiquity. Possibly as the church of the distinct
village it was erected as early as middle of iith
cent. The late Mr. Rickman conjectured that the
tower was built before A.D. 1 000. Chancel, nave,
aisles, N. porch, W. tower, six bells. The church
is connected with Corpus Christi College by a
range of gallery buildings ^ (now utilised as college
rooms), supported by a four-centred archway.
The college {founded 1352) used St. Benedict's
as its chapel. Additional accommodation was
provided (1487-15 1 5) on S. side of chancel, one
chapel above another — the upper used as a lecture
room — from which the church was viewed through
an opening in N. wall, now blocked. Lower
chapel (i486), now vestry, shows Saxon work.
Towards close of 1 6th cent, the college built its
own chapel. The church may claim to be the
oldest building in the town. Its noteworthy
feature is Saxon work. The Saxon church had
a chancel and nave of same dimensions as pre-
sent, now E.E. of three bays. Chancel arch
appears to be Dec. on old foundations. At N.
and S. angles E. of nave, where the masonry is
very rude, Saxon work is in evidence. S. wall
also in part Saxon. E. window (stained glass)
of three lights, two windows (blocked) in S. wall
^ A similar arrangement at St. Mary the Less with Peterhouse.
26 THE CHURCHES OF
of chancel 13th cent. N. and E. walls may simi-
larly have had windows. Aisles may have been
earlier. The wall too above the arches may be
Saxon. The present nave is 13th cent. In 1853
N. aisle rebuilt and carried farther west, taking
in ground N. of tower in 1872. S. wall rebuilt
(piscina), also N. and E. walls of chancel. Tower
arch is semicircular, caps roughly carved animal
forms, Saxon window above. At one time a
porch at W. end of S. aisle. The tower is pre-
eminently the principal feature. Within a few
years ago the Saxon work was covered with
rough cast (an old print shows W. Norm, door-
way). It is in three stages, indicated by projecting
string courses. On each face of belfry a window
divided by central baluster, supporting an abacus,
and carrying two semicircular window heads
formed of a single stone. The smaller windows
are placed somewhat higher. Nave corbels show
angels with spread hands. The baluster shafts
of central windows display an ornamental band.
The chancel piscina has a recess at back formed
by a quatrefoil, v/hich runs inwards on the right
hand westward ; this may have been used as a
'squint.' There is also a recess for sedilia, and
rood-loft entrance. Square font (imitation Norm.)
on central and four other circular pillars. The
third bell (''in spite of its puff") is, says the
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 27
late Rev. Dr. Raven, a very poor bell, with the
following inscription : —
Of \ all \ the : bells \ in \ Beimel \ I \ am \ I he \ best \
Anil : yet \ for \ viy \ casting \ the [ Parish [ /aide \ lest.
1607.
The sixth bell has some curious inscribed lines.
There is an effigy brass of singular interest,
which commemorates Dr. Richard Billingford,
Master of Corpus Christi College 1442, who, in
attitude of prayer, is represented in gown and
hood, inscription gone. Altar stone, with con-
secration crosses, remains. The masonry of an
early recessed opening from tower now stands
on floor of S. aisle. Iron-bound chest. Register,
1539 (it records the burial of Hobson, the famous
carrier, 1630). Bp.'s Transcript, 1604. Restored,
1874-82.
St. Botolph. — Perhaps originally a Norm,
church (a Norm. cap. appears in base of one of
the piers, and there are fragments of early masonry
in outer tower wall). Chancel, nave, aisles, S.
porch with chantr}' annexed, and embattled W.
tower, supported by massive angle buttresses,
and surmounted by four figures (one a bishop or
abbot, the others seem to be of animal form).^
Apteral chancel, N. window of stained glass,
memorial to late Rev. Dr. Campion. The chancel
* St. Botolph, historically an abbot, may be here represented.
28 THE CHURCHES OF
screen (15 th cent.) remains. The altar-piece is
Flemish. Nave of four lofty arches, with octa-
gonal Dec. piers. Aisles rebuilt 15th cent., the
date of the rest of the church. Consecration
crosses on piers near chancel. A door at end
of N. aisle and N. door blocked. S. porch has
blocked side window and good old oak roof.
Small chantry chapel, an interesting 15th cent,
feature, with large windows. Small boss in good
timber roof has holes for pulley, from which a
light may have been suspended before altar. An
entrance into chapel in wall by S. porch door has
been built up. Perp. desk benches in the chapel
are noticeable, also the mural monument of Dr.
Thomas Plaifere [ob. 1609), with bust effigy in
canopy niche, colours much faded. Tower arch
very pointed. Font particularly interesting. The
ancient basin enclosed in painted wooden case of
Renaissance date, with separate cover, the whole
being raised on wide stone platform of two steps
at W. entrance, N. side. In W. tower, resting
against wall, Purbeck marble slab having matrix
of brass. There are four bells, a remarkably in-
teresting mediaeval peal, with black letter inscrip-
tions ; the first has ^ Sancte Apoline Ora Pro
Nobis. The modern W. window is transomed.
Some good glass (including a beautiful Cruci-
fixion E. end of N. aisle). A memorial window
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 29
to James Essex, architect {oh. 1784). From some
stones brasses have been reaved. In churchyard
S. of chancel is an elegant Perp. stone structure,
apparently covering a disused well of which
nothing is now known. On one of its upper
sides is the opening, on another a plain shield,
&c. Some indistinct lettering points to the
existence of a legend. Register, 1584. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1874-87.
St. Clement. — The site of a much earlier
church, some traces of which remain. Chancel,
nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower with
spire, one bell, and priest's bell. Chancel brick,
built 1 8th cent. The original chancel ruinated
by Jesus College in i6th cent. Arch plain.
Nave five arches, with octagonal piers, eastern
ones Dec, other four E.E. Clerestory Perp.,
three lights, each with single arch. Aisles wider
than original, seen in N.E. opening into vestry ;
the window, E.E., altered to Perp., not central.
The S. door E.E. (corbel and bases of jamb shafts
restored) not in original position. N.W. door
blocked. Aisle windows four lancet lights under
one arch. N. aisle piscina low down in N.E.
wall. Tower and spire erected (1821) by repre-
sentatives of Rev. Wm. Cole, F.S.A. [ob. 1702),
whose MS. collections relating to the county
are so highly valued ; he is buried beneath
30 THE CHURCHES OF
the structure. Over doorway is inscription
Deum Cole, placed there as an ingenious way
of complying with his request to be named on
tower. The W. wall of tower abuts on the
street. Good Perp. font. Brass, 1432. Mural
brass on wall, E. end of N. aisle, to Phoebe,
wife of Edward Withnoll, curiously engraved.
In nave large monumental slab with Lombardic
inscription to Eudo de Helpringham, Mayor of
Cambridge [pb. 1325). Chantries: that of St.
Nicholas (for two priests), founded by Wm.
Colles worth, 1325. Some church accounts, temp.
Edward VI., &c. Register, 1560. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored, 1863, and other times.
St. Edward the Confessor. — Chancel, with side
chapels, nave, aisles, embattled W. tower, six bells
(the fifth ^ Sajicte ' Anna ' Ora • Pro ' Nobis ' ).
N. and S. of chancel the aisles are continued ;
those portions were at one time appropriated to
Trinity Hall and Clare College. Chancel arches
four-centred with Perp. piers. Five-light E.
window. Good modern reredos. Chancel aisles
are wider than those of nave. The position of
Dec. window at E. end of S. aisle shows the
aisle to have been widened. Chancel arch N.
side distorted, presenting appearance, in part,
of four-centred arch, in other part retaining
original form. Nave of four lofty lancet-shaped
CAMBRIDGE, ST, BOTOLPH. CHURCHYARD WELL
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 31
arches on Perp. piers. S. chancel aisle has
stone panelling, with quatrefoil tracery in heads
under windows and between lower arch. Dec.
roof here and in chapel. E.E. tower. Two
openings N. and S. within tower, high up.
Low, wide-spreading W. arch. Font good Perp.;
being mutilated and painted, was restored by
C. C. S., and engraved in Illustratio7is of Moitti-
mental Brasses. Painting in vestry, '^ Meal at Em-
maus." In this church Hugh Latimer preached
his famous sermon on the Card. Register, 1557.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
St. Giles. — Present church (rebuilt 1875-6,
on or near site of former church) of white
brick with stone dressings, early French Gothic.
Chancel, lofty nave, aisles, and a side chapel
used as vestry. An arch (possessing pre-Norm.
features) of the original church built of materials
from later church. In W. entrance of the S.
chancel chapel is some interesting work of the
iancient church, which formed part of the sub-
isequent structure ; much else finds no place in this
jnew building. Aisle windows filled with stained
glass, each with a figure of a saint. Good octa-
gonal font ; marble pulpit. The early architec-
ture of St. Giles, Norm, and E.E., has practically
disappeared. It is a pitiful story that recounts
the gradual demohtion and destruction of a quaint
32 THE CHURCHES OF
and interesting church. One bell (outside W. wall
of nave), and above it a clock, formerly at King's
College. Register, 1596. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
St. Mary the Great, the University church,
occupies central position in the town, unencum-
bered by buildings. W. entrance faces Senate
House. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S.
porch, lofty W. tower with octagonal buttressed
turrets and pinnacles, twelve bells, and priest's
bell (which is earlier than any in the peal, being
dated 1607), clock. Present church commenced
c. 1478, finished 15 19. Tower erected 1528-1608,^
upper part modernised. Chancel Perp., in past
days much hidden (restored in 1857) by seats for
University members, the ' throne ' blocking the
chancel. Alabaster reredos and stalls. Oak
roof very good. Mural tablet on N. chancel
wall and recessed tomb restored. Piscina E.E.,
restored, recessed tomb on S. side. Two restored
niches. Sculptured reredos given by Bp.Lightfoot.
Piers and arches of nave well moulded, spandrils
being filled with enriched tracery. Nave roof flat,
fine bosses at intersections. Interior walls orna-
mented in imitation of window tracery. Twenty
windows in clerestory filled with stained glass.
The aisle windows have memorial glass con-
sisting of forty-two coats-of-arms of principal
' Begun 1491. It was originally intended to add a lofty spire.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 33
contributors to the rebuilding of nave (1478-
•519) given by S. Sanders, 1892. The aisles
have the chapels partitioned off by dark oak
screenS; portions of the old carved work. An
ornamental string runs round the aisles. Corbel
heads support aisle roofs. N. chapel restored
1892. The string in N. aisle chapel has the
flower-knot and head ornament, that below E.
transomed window, Dec, is gilded. Stone organ
gallery. The whole an excellent specimen of
late Perp. Doorway at W. end inserted in 185 1,
from design by Sir Gilbert Scott. The porch
a reproduction of that removed in 1805. Some
benches with Renaissance poppy heads. A spa-
cious gallery surrounds the interior N., S., and W.
There was a magnificent rood-screen modelled
(1522-3) on one in a country church (Thriplow),
which being destroyed gave place (in 1640) to
chancel screen, now without its central portion.
The font bears date 1632. There are several
monuments, including one (Elizabethan) with
bust to Dr. Butler. Martin Bucer was buried
in chancel March 15 50-1; the body was dis-
interred 1556, and church placed under inter-
dict. Fine cross slab, from which figures (2)
have been reaved. N. porch has groined roof.
There are other stones from which brasses have
been reaved. John Warner (1608) has a rhyming
C
34 THE CHURCHES OF
epitaph on wall tablet (" with the church his own
life finished "). Good modern open seats with
poppy heads, animal forms, &c., well carved.
Door (low arches) to tower loft. Register, 1557.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
St. Majy the Less (St. Mary de Gratia)^ or
St. Mary without Truvipington Gate. — An un-
finished church (attributed to Alan de Walsing-
ham) built on site of former church dedicated
to St. Peter (1327), which gave name to adjoining
college of Peterhouse.-^ Until 1632 church used
as college chapel. The church apteral, a simple
parallelogram, having no chancel proper, roofs
determining difference. Screen, cut down level
with tops of pews, was a former mark of separa-
tion. Without aisles, church has the appearance
of a college chapel The large windows with
elegant tracery are particularly striking. E.
window Dec, of six lights with flowing tracery,
not a little remarkable. Six lofty nave windows,
Dec, of four lights ; the tracery on N. side, except
easternmost window, has been renewed. On S.
side tracery said to be copied from Ely Cathedral.
The Perp. style is seen in an additional bay.
On S. side a two-storied vestry (piscina), the
floor resting on a small crypt or charnel-house.
An ancient stone staircase (14th cent.) leads to
^ The earlier church was Norm. ; it fell in 1350.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 35
college gallery. Two chantry chapels were added
by the college in 15th cent.; entrances and
tomb recesses remain. Pulpit, with sounding-
board (late 17th cent.). Good octagonal Perp.
font, cover dated 1632. Some fragments of
early Norm, worked stone in exterior walls. In
the unfinished tower at N.W. corner remains of
Norm, arch of old Church of St. Peter. One
bell. Two (of three) beautiful niches on outside
of E. end. Brasses to John Holbrook (Master of
St. Peter's College 143 1) and another (1480).
Monuments to Dr. Matthew Wren, Bp. of Ely
(previously Master 166;), buried here, and
others. In the fourth bay are traces of chan-
tries N. and S. S. porch built 1892. Register,
1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1856,'
under Sir Gilbert Scott ; other work, 1891.
vS"/. Michael.~K Dec. church, quite free of other
styles and of singular form; entirely rebuilt,
1326. A fire in 1849 led to the complete repair
of the church under Sir Gilbert Scott. Chancel
(with aisles), nave, aisles, N. porch, S.W. tower,
four bells. The chancel is longer than nave, with
continuous aisles. Good E. window, five lights,
stained glass. Chancel arch has buttressing
arches. N. chancel aisle terminated by an orig-
inal vestry. Behind the W. seat of sedilia
(restored) and piscina is an arch which formed
36 THE CHURCHES OF
part of a monument to Hervey de Stanton, the
founder of Michael House (1323), which was
connected with the church. ^ Upper string above
sediHa and opposite at W. ends has two in-
teresting heads. A splayed ' squint ' opens from
the chantry. The S.E. chapel has two large
angle tabernacle niches, and piscina without basin.
A fine range of oak stalls, supposed to have come
from Trinity College, seventeen S. side, nineteen
N. side, and returns. King-post roof decorated
(as is entire church), particularly sedilia, with gilt
and colours. Some good glass remains. A large
square-headed window in S. chancel aisle; all
others have good hood moulds. The roof a restora-
tion of the original. The tower rests on engaged
arches opening into S. aisle and nave. On S.
side of tower new doorway has been opened and
N. porch erected. In this church Archidiaconal
visitations usually held. Good modern oak seats.
Good Dec. windows, particularly W. window, with
singular flowing tracer3^ Door only of old screen.
In nave, painting of the Nativity. A good entrance
(stone) into S. chapel from chancel by narrow
ogee arch, with crockets and finials with terminal
heads. Font modern. Paul Fagius buried here,
1549, but disinterred and afterwards burnt with
^ Stanton's stone coffin found during restoration and replaced
with an inscription.
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 37
Biicer's remains in market-place. Large portrait
of King Charles I., presented to the church
about 1660; restored 1881. Register, 1538.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
St. Paul. — An ecclesiastical parish formed,
1845, out of the two parishes of St. Andrew.
Church of red brick, with stone facings ; is quite
tasteless, and calls for no description.
St. Peter. — Without doubt the earliest church
centre, of a date anterior to St. Benedict's. A
small, interesting building with ancient portions ;
long disused, now consolidated with St. Giles, and
used sparingly. Nave 29 by 16 feet, and small
embattled W. tower Dec. with stone spire and
lancet lights. One bell. Walls are part Norm.
Some parts of church Dec. S. doorway Norm., with
traces of gable, well moulded, of good propor-
tions, has semicircular arch with detached shafts
and good caps. Plain N. door. High tower
arch, E. end quite destroyed. The font basin
is characteristic Norm., square above, circular
below, carved with rude figures, four mermen
grasping their tails. (Lysons describes the
sculpture as " four rudely executed human
figures terminating in serpents.") It rests on a
low, circular pedestal, which appears to be an
inverted cap of pier of Dec. style, and the whole
stands on what may have been a part of the
38 THE CHURCHES OF
original column. There is further ornamentation,
cable moulding, &c. It is possibly I2th or 13th
cent. date. In design the sculpture corresponds
to that of the font at Anste}^, Herts., which stands
on four shafts. In the days of the C. C. S. a
movement was on foot to rebuild this church.
Quaintly carved head over W. window. Roman
brick is found in S. wall. Cross keys over
gable. N. window Perp. Good Dec. E. window
with shafts. Good gargoyles on N. side. S. door
has circular arch, without tympanum. Rebuilt,
17S1. Register, 1586. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
St. Matthew. — An ecclesiastical parish formed,
1870, out of the parish of St. Andrew the Less.
Church built 1866. An octagonal brick struc-
ture, with transepts on four sides. An eastern
arm forms the chancel. There are N. and S.
porches and W. belfry. Three bells. Roof sur-
mounted by octagonal lantern. Register, 1870.
Holy SepidcJire (? St. Andrew: not a Tem-
plar's church, simply a parish church built in
imitation of Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, as at
Northampton and elsewhere). One of four re-
maining round churches in England, the most
ancient of the number, dating possibly from
commencement of 12th cent, (it seems to have
been consecrated iioi). Circular portion Norm.,
supported by eight massive columns, without
CAMBRIDGE, ST. PETER. SOUTH-EAST
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 39
bases, with semicircular arches, some having
zigzag ornament. Above these a tier of eight
arches, each enclosing two small ones with dis-
tinct shafts, capitals varied and with groining
have Norm, enrichments. Over second tier of
arches there were until church restored, 1845, by
C. C. S. eight inserted Perp. windows. These
were replaced by windows in Norm, style. The
circular clerestory has vaulted conical roof, sub-
stituted by C. C. S. for low, round, embattled
tower. This circular portion forms principal
entrance to church by good Norm, doorway
(zigzag ornament), with aisles and embattled
turret. One bell and priest's bell. A view of the
church in supposed original state in Archceologia
(vol. vi.). The early volumes of the Ecclesiologist
furnish a record of its vicissitudes. On the
restoration of the church in 1844 (which effaced
so largely its historical landmarks) the CCS.
erected a stone altar, which gave rise to serious
disquietude and Htigation, resulting in disruption
of the society. Portions of the ancient building,
including a N. doorway, were disclosed during
restoration. Chancel arch at restoration taken
down, and one of narrower span substituted.
The wall above arch carries ornamented gable.
Register, 1571. Bp.'s Transcript, 1608.
Holy Trinity (early church destroyed by fire
40 THE CHURCHES OF
1 174). — A cruciform church of singular plan.
Chancel, transepts, nave, aisles, N. porch, W.
tower with pinnacles and spire, five bells and
priest's bell. Chancel originally Dec. A low,
stone-groined roof removed (c. 1830) for a modern
one. In 1851 the fine stone arches leading to
transepts replaced by wide arches of poor con-
struction. The fine lofty transepts, Perp., have
each two tiers of windows on each side, the two
below of five lights, the three above of three
lights. Tracery varied. In N. wall a niche. Pier
arches on S. side Dec, clerestory over them, and \
remainder of nave and transepts Perp. The
eastern tower arch altered from Dec. to Perp.,
and great internal buttresses added in i6th cent.
N. porch noticeable. Tower Dec, on lofty-pointed ,
arches, those opening upon transepts ornamented
in their mouldings with trefoil-headed panelling.
Font modern, octagonal, plain, panelled base, has
Evangelistic symbols, &c. In S. transept, beneath
clerestory windows, richly moulded string course
of strawberry leaves. Good angel corbels and
brackets. Consecration crosses in N. aisle. Two-
light W. w^indow. A table-tomb (formerly railed
in) of Sir Robert Tabor. Mural monument to
Henr}' Martyn and other memorials. In S.
transept Claydon memorial windows (have "Al-
leluia" in plain-song). Four-light square-headed
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 41
window at W. end of S. aisle, stained glass.
S. aisle square-headed windows of three lights.
An altar painting of Christ appearing to St. Mary
Magdalene formerly here, subsequently a stone
reredos, now a fine triptych of carved work.
Register, 1564. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
St. Bartiabas. — An ecclesiastical parish formed,
1889, from parishes of St. Andrew the Less, St.
Paul, and St. Matthew. Also St, Philip, formed
out of St. Barnabas parish.
Carlton, S. of Newmarket. — St. Peter (con-
solidated with the ancient chapelry of Willing-
ham) : A small church. Chancel, nave, W. turret,
two bells of pre-Reformation date, inscribed :
'S) ^ Sancte Maria ; (2) Av" MaiHa • • Gratia y
formerly in gable tower (now destroyed), where
there were places for three bells. Chancel and
nave Dec. and Perp., window^s chiefly Perp.
Font, early Perp., specially good, with pan-
elled base. Register, 1 600. Bp.'s Transcript,
1602.
Castle Camps, S.E. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
[Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, five
Dells (the third recast 1852, broken in fall of
:ower 1850). Chancel trans. Perp. Arch has
Dctagonal shafts with moulded caps. Modern E.
»vindow, imitation Dec. piscina. Lower part of
-ood-screen remains. Nave has good two-light
42 THE CHURCHES OF
windows, with fragments of stained glass. The
plain king-post roof has moulded tie-beams, good
corbels and springers. In S. wall a piscina. S.
porch has good doorway and open timber roof.
Font octagonal, on five octagonal shafts. Porch
rebuilt 1855. Tower Dec, rebuilt 185 1. Chancel
and nave restored 1876-89. Monuments to Sir
James Reynolds, Kt., Baron of the Exchequer
1740; Sir Thomas Da3Tell of Shudy Camps;
Dr. Alix, Dean of Ely 1756; Dr. Watson,
Chaplain to the King {ob. 1724), and others.
Register, 1565. Bp.'s Transcript, 1605.
Caxton, W. of Cambridge. — St. Andt-ew:
Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. porch, low embattled
W. tower, six bells. Chancel E.E., with two side
windows, lancets with quatrefoils in heads. E.
window Perp., low-side window on either side
(blocked), small lancets foliated. Priest's door
small, with triangular head. Sedilia. Double
piscina with tracery in head. Nave and aisle
Perp., four lofty good arches on clustered piers.
On N. side windows of two lights, fine, lofty,
Perp. Nave at higher level than chancel. Tower
Perp., with good W. doorway having carved
spandrils and square hood mould. Font plain
Perp. Monuments to the Barnard family, and
formerly some good brasses. Matthew Paris,
the historian, born about 1 195, said to have
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 43
been a native of this place. Register, 174^'
Bp.'s Transcript, i602. Restored, 1874-9.
Chatteris, N.W. of Cambridge. — Sts. Peter
and Paul (a convent of Benedictine nuns was
founded here c. 980) : Chancel (enlarged), nave,
aisles (widened), S. porch, embattled W. tower
with low spire, clock, six bells. Chancel Dec. ;
arch has embattled caps. Rood staircase with
doorways. Nave of six Dec. arches on octagonal
piers, moulded caps. Arch mouldings have re-
cessed chamfers, with good hood moulds ter-
minated by heads. Dec. clerestor}^, six windows
of two lights. Inner arches square headed, tre-
foiled. S. porch plain Perp., with side windows.
Inner doorway late Dec. S. aisle transition Dec.
to Perp. N. aisle wall of brick plastered over,
windows have been renewed. Font late Dec.
Tower late Dec, battlemented, with good door-
way and staircase lighted by a series of quatre-
foils. Niche over inner doorway. Canopied angle
niche for stoup. Dwarf lead-covered spire. A
chapel contained the bones of St. Huna, chaplain
to St. Etheldreda (who retired to a hermitage at
a place called after him, where he died and was
buried) ; his remains were transferred to Thorney,
and wonderful cures are said to have been per-
formed at his tomb. Recently a sum of upwards
of £\^0Q was quite unexpectedly bequeathed for
44 THE CHURCHES OF
the restoration of the church by the son of a former
sexton who had emigrated to America, where he
had prospered. The church has now, with the
exception of the tower and nave arcade, been
entirely rebuilt. The completed work, which is
regarded as a "perfect restoration," cost upwards
of i^Sooo (vide Introduction). Register, 1650.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1604.
Chesterton. — St. Andrew: A large imposing
structure. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N.
porch, embattled W. tower with octagonal spire,
clock, five bells (third and fourth said to have
come from Jesus College). Chancel (restored
1844) Perp,, has N. sacristy; there is piscina
and rich sediHa (late), canopy groined. Between
sacristy and chancel a small square opening.
The inner side has quatrefoil, and whe-n dis-
covered had a socket, giving it the appearance
of having been occasionally stopped. E. window,
five lights, has stained glass. Oak reredos with
painted panels. On N. and S. sides two three-light
windows (restored). Roof has some good carved
heads, and rests on corbels, having upper mould-
ings. Chancel arch, E.E., has large octagonal
piers. Entrance to rood-loft. Remains of rood-
screen (late Perp.) have disappeared. It bore traces
of original colour, and was damaged by subsequent
daubing. It seems now to be fast decaying in
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 45
the ancient building in the vicarage grounds. It
ought, if possible, to be restored. Nave has seven
bays; the arches spring from octagonal piers of
earlier date (Dec), with good caps and bases.
Clerestory seven three-light windows, and roof
Perp. Some good corbels, with shields of arms,
angel heads, &c. On the spandrils between arches
remains of early paintings (Seven Acts of Mercy,
c. 1300). Over S.E. nave arch Doom painting
continued from chancel arch. Aisles late good
Perp. N. aisle has six three-light Perp. windows
with square heads. Aumbry in N. aisle, and
good series of corbels. In wall a sepulchre
recess, also a low wall opening partially hidden
by seats. S. aisle has good late windows (those
E. and W. are plain) and doorway. Corbels
support roof. Double piscina, good Dec. window
above. Remains of tomb recess. Some fine old
benches richly carved. Fine Dec. tower arch
[c. 1340) represents the earliest architectural
feature in the church ; it has three engaged
shafts with large moulded caps. The turret
staircase into belfry of singular construction ; the
turret appears half within and half without the
structure. Windows on W. side blocked. Stair-
case passing to first floor is through centre of
W. wall. Good carved head. N. porch has
pinnacled buttresses, with niche over entrance
46 THE CHURCHES OF
doorway and square-headed side windows, good
grotesque heads, and heads of king and bishop
as dripstone ornaments. Its upper story has
been removed, and in common with nave and
aisle is battlemented. Mutilated stoup in porch.
Low Jacobean pulpit w^th modern door. Font
plain octagonal, good moulded base. Some
good grotesque gargoyles and terminal heads.
Chancel exterior very mean. Painting of St.
Dorothy (c. 1350) on masonry, now in Fitz-
william Museum. Coffin slabs with foliated
crosses form coping of churchyard wall, but
broken, worn, and neglected ; these have in large
part lost features of interest. Register, 1564.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1605.
Chesterton. — St. Luke: A district parish
formed 1881. Church built, 1874, at a cost of
upwards of ;f 10,000. There are some fragments
of old stained glass.
Chettisham, W. of Ely. — St. Michael: An
ecclesiastical parish formed from St. Mary, Ely.
St. Michael's chapel, a small ancient building of
trans. Norm. Nave, S. porch, W. turret, one
bell, windows round-headed or pointed, doorways
plain pointed. Uncommon octagonal Perp. font,
cup shaped and panelled. Good Elizabethan
pulpit. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 47
Cheveley, S.E. of Newmarket. — 5/. Mary [and
the Holv Host\ ^ sometimes incorrectly given
St. Mary and the Holy Ghost. A cruciform
church. Chancel, nave, transepts, porch, central
tower (on four clustered piers), clock, five bells
(second bell ►J^ San eta : Anna : Or a : Pro : Nobis).
Chancel E.E., with Dec. insertions. In N. wall an
aumbry, and good double E.E. piscina and plain
sedilia on S. side. Six windows, all different, a
lancet (where Folkes' monument was erected in
1642). E. window of three lights. A fine carved
alabaster reredos, priest's door, and remains of
lancet (the door in part occupying the space below)
with hood of window still to be seen. N. transept
E.E., with Dec. insertions. Good E.E. piscina and
trefoiled aumbry, a rich florid window at each
end. S. transept Dec, in S. wall two sepulchral
arches wath ledges for coffins to rest on.^ Nave
good Perp. The weathering of old roof appears
above tower arch. There are several stones in
nave that had brasses. Under window on E.
side of N. transept the altar ledge was dis-
covered. Above piscina and aumbry are two
small brackets ; in W. wall hooded lancet with
deep splay, wkh ^eur-de- /is pmniing. Fine large
^ Properly simply St. Mary ; ' The Holy Host ' is without
authority : vide, Church Dedications in Introduction.
2 John Raie, the founder of the Grammar School at Cheveley,
buried at his " Stolis Ende."
4S THE CHURCHES OF
chest with semicircular Hd, of cypress wood,
much decayed. Porch very good Perp. There
were four gilds, each of which kept a light burn-
ing in parish church ; three out of four brackets
for lights remain on piers of tower. They exhibit
faces, one in the wimple or square cap of 14th
cent., another a monster with legs doubled under
him holding something in the hands. The whole
of the N. chapel as well as the chapel of St.
Nicholas on S. side have open oak seats. Rood-
screen Dec. Font plain Dec, has modern base.
Tower early Dec, very peculiar, square below,
octagonal above, terminating in low parapet, with
double mouldings, probably intended for spire.
On N.E. side is a watch tower, within which are
winding stairs leading to belfry. This bartizan
may have been used for fire beacon, but has
long been built up. W. window of five lights.
Register, 1559. Restored, 1874-5, 1902.
Childerley. — ? St. Ma7y: Formerly there were
two adjoining parishes of Childerley Magna and
Parva. The church of Childerley Magna, St.
Mary^ and another dedicated in 135 1 ; the bene-
fices consolidated in 1489, about which time the
church of Childerley Parva was probably taken
down. Church, consecrated by Bp. Heton,
has long been desecrated and used as a barn ;
the church or chapel was destroyed by Sir
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 49
John Cutts {temp, Charles I.) to make room for
a deer park.
Chippenham, N.E. of Newmarket.— 5/. Mar-
garet: Church built some time after 1272, the
original church burnt down in 1447 (this state-
ment is open to doubt, for the fine late Dec.
rood-screen is still almost perfect).^ Chancel,
nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower!
Chancel has Perp. E. window of three lights.
Piscina, under cinquefoil niche, has traces of
colour. An original sacristy and well-carved
door. S. chapel opens into chancel by two late
Dec. arches with an octagonal pier. Nave of
seven bays late Dec, having alternately octagonal
and circular piers on N. side, and semicircular
four-clustered piers on S. side, of somewhat rude
construction, which may indicate alteration at
some period. Nave and aisle windows square
headed, late Dec. Porch Perp. Outer doorway
bas large corbel heads. Tower early Perp. On
N. side of chancel (exterior) remains of Norm,
nasonry, including window. Font black and
^hite marble, modern. Old open benches with
:arved poppy heads. Fine remains of wall
Damtings. One of the most recent (15th cent. ?)
bund embedded 8 inches below the plaster in
1. wall of N. aisle. It represented two angels
^ It retains on its lower panels some of the original colouring.
D
50 THE CHURCHES OF
censing. Also late I2th or early 13th cent,
masonry pattern. On N. wall of N. chapel is
St. Michael weighing souls. Armorial bearings
of the Boutell family. On S. wall of S. aisle
St. George and the dragon. On N. wall of N.
aisle a large St. Christopher, also the Martyr-
dom of St. Erasmus. Nave arcade has traces of
decorative painting. Monuments to Sir Thomas
Revett and Right Hon. Sir Thomas Erskine
May, K.C.B. Nave gable has fine wheel cross.
[Chippenham, given to the Templars in 11 84 by
William de Manville, it passed afterwards to the
Knights Hospitallers, who had a chapel in or
near the site of the church, with an infirmary.
Church destroyed by fire in 15th cent.; an
indulgence for rebuilding granted in 1447- Bad-
lingham, a hamlet, once had its chapel.] Register,
1595. Restored, 1885-6, 1896.
Coates and Eastrea.— An ecclesiastical parish
formed from the parish of Whittlesea. Church of
Holy Trinity erected in 1840. Nave, aisles,
tower on N. side, with spire, clock, one bell.
Coldham. — An ecclesiastical parish formed,
1874, from Friday Bridge in parish of Elm, S. of
Wisbech. Church of St. Etheldreda completed
1876. Chancel, nave, S. porch, vestry, W. tur-
ret, two bells. It has a memorial window to
Baron Overstone.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 51
Comberton, W.S.W. of Cambridge. — St.
Mary : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S.
porch, embattled W. tower, four bells. Chancel
E.E., with original lancets, and Dec. and Perp.
windows inserted. Priest's door Dec, S.W.
window Dec, of two cinquefoil lights, with flowing
tracery above ; has W. light divided midway by
transom forming low-side window. Chancel arch
plain E.E. E. window Perp., of three lights.
Rood-stairs and doorways remain, also the Perp.
screen, which has traces of colour. The upper
part was some years ago sawn off, to be used
as a reredos. Nave has five E.E. arches on
S. side, piers octagonal, with moulded caps.
On N. side Perp., with ornamented caps. Cleres-
tory and roof plain, Perp. ; E. bay of roof painted.
S. aisle has two Perp. windows and Dec. E.
window, also piscina. N. aisle Perp., with good
open roof and piscina. Font plain octagonal,
E.E. Good open benches, elaborately carved
(animals, figures, and initials T. B. appear).
Tower Dec, fine belfry arch with continuous
mouldings, good W. window. Staircase at N.W.
angle. N. doorway with square hood and orna-
mented spandrils. Some fragments of stained
glass. A Lombardic inscription in S. aisle.
Register, 1560. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Re-
stored, 1877-8, 1884-5, 1902-3.
52 THE CHURCHES OF
Oonington, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary :
Chancel, nave, W. porch, tower with spire,
clock, four bells (of special interest, three being
pre-Reformation, inscribed). Chancel Dec. (re-
built in stone 1871), with two-light side win-
dows. Nave rebuilt in red brick 1737. Low
tower Dec, without parapet or broach ; has good
stone-ribbed spire with two tiers of lights, having
projecting canopies. There are several monu-
ments of the Cotton, Askham, Hatton, and
Gardiner families, indeed S. side of nave is one
monumental display. A memorial lych-gate.
Church has recently undergone considerable im-
provement. There are huge buttresses. Regis-
ter, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Coton, W. of Cambridge. — St. Peter : Chancel,
nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, embattled W.
tower and spire, three bells (third pre-Reforma-
tion, inscribed). Chancel Norm, (restored about
1876, Norm, windows replaced). Good string
and two original lancet lights, with wide internal
splays, blocked. E. window E.E., triple lancets
under arch. On N. wall of chancel low-side
window, blocked with stone slab that has a
wheel pattern; two small Norm, windows have
shafts within and without. Wide chancel arch
plain, Perp. Remains of rood-screen, the ancient
painting renewed. Organ occupies position of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 53
old rood-loft ; it is approached by the rood stair-
way. Nave three Perp. arches ; on S. side
good Dec, with clustered piers, well-moulded
caps and bases ; on N. side, Perp., good open
seats. Aisle has plain windows and doorway ;
S. aisle Dec, with Perp. windows, and singular
Dec doorway. The Perp. tower, with pinnacles,
is carried on three arches. Lofty tower arch,
Perp., has continuous mouldings. Font good
Norm., square basin on central circular shaft,
with pilasters at each corner subsequently added.
N. and S. porches Perp., with remains of stoup.
Massive oak chest and altar stone. Good frag-
ments of stained glass. Mural tablet to Dr.
Andrew Downes (Bible translator), ob. 1627.
Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Cottenham, N. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, N.
vestry, lofty W. tower (with four bulbous pin-
nacles), clock, six bells. Lofty Perp. chancel,
with four very large windows N. and S. Poor
modern E. window (stained glass) has replaced
a finer one. Roof pitch lowered. Priest's door.
Perp. sedilia, canopied, surmounted by entabla-
ture and enriched with cusping (unfinished) ;
colour traces. Piscina in easternmost recess has
a twelve-foil oblong basin : the whole in four
compartments. Modern screen of poor design
54 THE CHURCHES OF
Chancel arch E.E. Nave has five arches N.
and S., with finely worked corbel heads within
spandrils. Caps oi octagonal piers N. and S.
varied. The string course from cap of respond
at N.E. corner of nave joins that of cap of pier
of chancel arch ; on S. side it falls slightly below
the upper moulding. Nave roof has slight tracery
in spandrils. Perp. clerestory. N. doorway early
Perp.; has good dripstone heads much weather-
worn, enclosed by modern vestry at higher level.
A three-light window above, not central. Plain
stoup in N. wall. At E. end of aisle in S. wall
13th cent, piscina, stirrup shaped; it is simply
fashioned in the wail, decorated in colour with
masonry pattern, and branching four-petal
flowers. Two stone brackets for images on E.
wall. S. aisle has piscina with stone shelf. W.
end of S. aisle built against tower buttress. Aisle
windows of one uniform pattern throughout, Dec.
to Perp. Good modern open benches, with floral
poppy head designs. Font plain octagonal. S.
porch Perp., has dripstone heads, good windows
and doorway ; door well carved and ornamented
with iron, but sadly covered with varnish. The
church has been restored in a very gross fashion.
Its ancient monuments have been entirel}^ taken
away. A late 13th cent, monumental slab com-
memorating a former rector, represented in alb
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 55
with apparel and chasuble, now in a shut-up
storehouse of the Cambridge Archaeological
Museum. Its inscription, in Lombardic capitals,
reads: ►pCHRiSTE: AL [me: deus] . . . PRE-
C[0R] [misere :] MEI. The tower, a conspicu-
ous object for miles, is a cased erection. Lower
portion covered with ashlar masonry, with angle
buttresses; upper part plastered brickwork, 17th
cent., crowned by four hideous turrets. The
tower, which fell in a storm, rebuilt 161 7, has
a singular display of names and initials. Sun-
dial on S. buttress. Formerly there was much
mural painting internally and without. A fine
series of gargoyles. The bells, recast in 1800,
are remarkable for a grandiose array of official
names. Register, 1572. Bp.'s Transcript,
1600.
Coveney, N.W. of Ely. — St. Peter: Chancel,
nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, one bell.
Chancel Dec, with good late windows. Trefoil-
headed double piscina. Chancel arch destroyed.
Nave walls and some windows E.E., with Dec.
and Perp. insertions. Reredos of carved wood
(15th cent.), N. German workmanship, the gift
of the patron, Mr. Athelstan Riley ; central panel
has fine representation of Crucifixion. Early
open benches have quaintly carved poppy heads.
In N. wall a stoup. Octagonal font plain Dec.
56 THE CHURCHES OF
Tower rests on three arches, lower part E.E.,
upper stage Perp. Dec. porch has good door-
way, jamb shafts destroyed. Until recent years
the church was reed-thatched. Register, 1676.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Croxton, W. of Cambridge. — St. James (? Holy
Trinity): Chancel, nave, aisles, N. porch, em-
battled W. tower with pinnacles, clock, six bells.
Chancel, two-light Dec. window N. side, others
of three-light Perp. ; E. window modern. Nave
of three arches, with octagonal piers and moulded
caps. Aisle windows Dec. Font twelve-sided,
plain, attached to S.W. pier. On N. side good
doorway, with richly carved door representing
Virgin and Child in bold relief, said to have
formerly belonged to the nunnery of adjoining
parish of Eltisley. A new porch, made up of
stones found within two old buttresses, including
greater part of 14th cent, doorway. Tower good
Perp., with doorway under square head, above
which is good string with flowers in hollow.
Windows on upper stage have drip mouldings
with floral ornamentation. Table-tomb (without
name) 1589, with sculptured angels bearing
Lede's arms. The helmet, back, and breastplates
remain in the church. Churchyard cross, a
singular erection ; E, face has the death recorded
of Rev. Thos. Kidd, rector, ob. 1850; on W.
COVENEY, ST, PETER. CARVED FINIALS TO BENCH ENDS
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 57
face a list of rectors from 1538 to 18 14. Register,
1535- Bp.'s Transcript, 1602.
Croydon [All Saints) cum Clapton y^ known as
Croydon. The church of St. Mary Clopton (used
1258 for sanctuary purposes) taken down in 1591.
Some of its stone is said to be in Tadlow church-
yard. Croydon church consists of chancel (re-
built of red brick, with Grecian windows, c. 1685).
Nave, aisles, transepts, S. porch, tower, one bell.
E. window of stained glass. No chancel arch.
S. chapel Perp., piscina, and cinquefoil niche.
Nave has three low early Dec. arches on S. side,
two on N. side (one destroyed), with octagonal
piers and moulded caps. The beams of original
roof remain. Aisles are low, under same roof as
nave. Good corbel heads. Square font very
massive, and quite plain early Norm. Jacobean
pulpit and canopy. S. porch Dec, of wood.
Tower Dec, arch very narrow. Memorial win-
dows. Register, 1672. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Doddington. — St. Mary: Chancel, nave, aisles,
N. and S. porches, W. tower with spire, clock,
five bells, vestry. Chancel Perp., with fine E.
windov/ of five lights (with embattled transoms),
stained glass side windows (six) of three lights
have embattled transoms, and good hood moulds
terminated by heads. The inner arches with
^ Parishes consolidated tem/>. James I.
58 THE CHURCHES OF
these hood moulds are round, resembHng E.E.^
Chancel arch E.E. ; shafts have good moulded
caps. Double Perp. piscina. Good Perp. screen,
lately restored. Nave four lofty arches with
octagonal piers early Perp., late Dec. mouldings.
Clerestory windows good Perp. Open roof good
Perp. N. aisle has E.E. string at E. end and
Dec. string at side. Windows early Dec. (or
E.E.), with some Perp. insertions. N. doorway
E.E., with shafts and moulded caps. S. aisle
doorway within porch Perp. Tower arch Dec.
Font E.E., octagonal basin on five circular shafts,
moulded caps and bases. Tower and spire late
Dec. ; there are spire lights and a moulded finial.
Fine Perp. S. porch, with battlements and pin-
nacles. W. window, stained glass memorial.
Register, i68i. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Downham in the Isle {otherwise Little Down-
ham), N.W. of Ely. — St. Leonard: Chancel,
clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W.
tower with pinnacles, four bells. Chancel late
Dec. E. window of three lights, with flowing
tracery. Side windows square headed, labels
terminated by heads. Double piscina, arcaded,
cinquefoil-headed arch; portions have been cut
away for insertion of window. Chancel arch
^ There are other memorial windows and several tablets to
the Peytons ; they have a vault beneath chancel.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 59
E.E. Rood-screen of carved oak. Nave of five
E.E. arches ; piers alternately round and octa-
gonal, with moulded caps. Square headed two-
light windows. Clerestory E.E. ; small lancet
windows widely splayed over piers. S. porch
plain Perp., S. doorway rich transition Norm.,
with zigzag and beak-head ornament within
pointed arch ; sculptured shafts chevroned and
cabled, and caps varied, the whole a beautiful
example. Tower arch small, pointed, and re-
cessed. Tower small plain Norm., thick walls,
very small windows. Upper windows have open
stonework of unusual character, very rude ; the
upper story has modern battlement and pinnacles.
Perp. font of singular form, richly panelled,
with quatrefoils and trefoil niches. Good carved
i6th cent, chest. [Half a mile from the church
are remains of the once famed Palace (now a
farmhouse) erected by John Alcock, Bp. of Ely
1486-1501, where four bishops of Ely died.
Bp, Wren was arrested here and taken to the
Tower of London 1462. The house afterwards
passed into decay. When Bp. Patrick was pro-
moted to the See in 1691 he obtained an Act of
Parliament enabling him to lease out the mansion,
&c., and to secure himself and his successors from
dilapidations.] Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript,
1599. Restored, 1890.
6o THE CHURCHES OF
Dry Drajrton. — Sts. Peter and Paul: Chancel,
nave, aisles, N. porch, W. embattled tower, clock,
five bells. Chancel was extended to its original
dimensions in 185 1 and repaired. Until recent
years it was curtailed of its original length east-
ward. E. window of three lights filled with
stained glass to Rev. S. Smith, D.D., Rector and
Lord of Manor, sometime Dean of Christ Church,
Oxford, ob. Jan. 1841, and Anne, his wife; also
Samuel Smith, eldest son, rector, ob, March 4,
1 83 1, age 27. In it a kneeling portrait of Dr.
Smith in surplice, hood, and scarf. The family
arms and arms quartered with those of wife also
appear. Three windows on each side of two
lights, transomed. Chancel arch plain Perp.,
with moulded caps. Sedilia. Nave of three bays
with wide Dec. arches and good hood moulds.
Octagonal piers with moulded caps, varied, and
bases. Those on S. side are earlier. Clerestory
small circular lights, quatrefoils. The wide aisles
have recessed arches in the walls, and Perp.
windows beneath. W. windows of aisles differ
in character, good Dec, with foliated circle in
head, and transomed. At E. end of N. aisle
(formerly used as a vestry) is the site of a chapel,
chantry founded 1349,^ afterwards appropriated
^ Galhard, Cardinal Archdeacon of Ely, founded the chantry
and endowed it with chaplain's stipend and fifty acres of land.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 6i
by the Hutton family. There were in the wall
above three niches, ornamented in the apse with
Tudor rose. A good Dec. doorway in S. wall
with hood moulding, formerly covered by a porch.
N. doorway and porch also Dec. and Perp.
Tower and arch early Perp. The latter has
good hood mould. Transition from Dec. to
Perp. is marked. Font plain octagonal on square
stem with octagonal shafts. Early i6th cent,
brass representing Thos. Hutton, bare-headed,
in armour, head resting on tilting helm ; his lady
wears a pedimental head-dress and close-fitting
gown open at neck. Mural tablet on wall of
S. aisle to Lieut.-Col. Smith, fifth son of Dr.
Smith, ob. 1861, who served in the Crimea and
Indian Mutiny. Register, 1564. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored, 1861-9, 1873.
Fen Drayton, N.W. of Cambridge. — St.
Mary : Chancel, nave, S. aisle, N.and S. porches,
low W. tower with short spire. Chancel Perp.,
E. window five lights, and good three-light side
windows, with fragments of stained glass. Double
piscina and sedilia (two seats). On N. side a
singular splayed slit opening (blocked), apparently
it served as an aumbry. Low-side window on S.
side (closed) has a narrow glazed window with
trefoiled head above. Lower part of Dec. screen
remains (traces of colour). Nave of four good
62 THE CHURCHES OF
Dec. arches, octagonal piers with moulded caps.
Corbels support roof. Windows on N. side lofty
Perp., foliated under transoms. Near chancel
arch small Perp. niche. Aisle has plain two-light
windows with Dec. square clerestory windows,
S. side only. Dec. tower arch very low. W.
window Dec, and a good quatrefoil opening
unglazed in ringers loft (sound hole). S.
porch plain Dec, very small windows. N.
porch rebuilt some years ago. Font plain oc-
tagonal, on shafts, Dec ; formerly built into pier,
now central at W. end of nave. Good modern
mural brass (1845) ^^ Rev. George Shaw and
wife. Formerly a Jacobean pulpit and hour-glass
stand. Register, 1574. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Fen Ditton, N.N.E. of Cambridge. — St.
Mary: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S.
porch, and W. tower. Chancel good example
of late Dec work (N. sacristy destroyed). E.
window filled stained glass, a memorial to Prof.
Haviland. N.W. window lowered to include a
low-side window of two lights, from which it is
divided by transom. The window has a good
hood mould, the other tw^o windows on S. side
are of two lights. On N. side one window only
remains. A string runs round the walls, dropping
for the window openings. Tw^o tabernacle niches
on cither side of E. window\ N. priest's door.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 63
Sedilia. Chancel arch lofty and acutely pointed.
The fine wooden screen (14th cent.), the lower
part in private hands. Entrance to rood-loft at
N. side of chancel arch. On S. wall a similar
opening level with clerestory windows. Perp.
nave has four arches, excellent cap mouldings,
and clerestory windows square pointed, of two
lights. Some windows have flowing tracery.
S. aisles had stone parclose, a very fine piece of
work, now removed to W. end, where it is placed
across tower arch. Small piscina. Aisle par-
close of wood cut down. Two E.E. aisle windows,
two lights, those at W. end of N. and S. aisles
trans. Perp., and door with good hood mould.
Windows E. are Dec. S. porch (same style
as nave) in its battlemented form continuous
with aisle to old nave roof E. gable. Octagonal
font, Perp., bears armorial shields. Perp. pulpit.
Some good seats. Nave roof has pitch greatly
altered. Buttresses on S. side and two buttresses
at E. end have supposed consecration crosses.
Tower E.E., taken down and entirely rebuilt in
1880, stands on four arches. The label of
westernmost and belfry arch enriched with dog-
tooth moulding. Large and wide lancet with two-
light window above, staircase turret N.W. angle.
Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored,
1880, 1888-9.
64 THE CHURCHES OF
Dullingham, E. of Cambridge. — 5/. Mary:
Chancel, nave, aisles, N. porch, chapel S. of
aisle, embattled W. tower, clock, five bells.
Chancel has small restored E. window of three
lights, other windows of two lights, square
headed. Priest's door, also window blocked.
Piscina double, E.E. Low-side window, N.,
blocked, higher up than usual. Chancel arch
masonry displays openings for rood-beam, &c.,
rood-stairs in part remaining. Nave of four bays
with clerestory windows, piers of four semicircu-
lar shafts. N. aisle roof supported by tie-beams.
At E. end of aisles, and in Lady Chapel, N. side
(used as vestry), a piscina; that in S. aisle tall and
narrow, in N. aisle quatrefoiled. Porch very good
Perp., open windows E. and W. Chapel arches
very good. Pulpit of green marble, rather incon-
gruous. Perp. font, 1625 {temp. James I.), quatre-
foil panels (all different in foliation) have shields,
upon which have been painted (i) I.R. crowned;
(ii) Prince of Wales' feathers ; (iii) three leopards;
(iv) harp of Ireland ; (v) Cross of St. Andrew
(Scotland) ; (vi) lion rampant, &c. Colours much
faded, some designs indistinct. The basin small
and completely leaded ; below the bowl are roses
at intervals. At N. door a canopied Perp. stoup.
In the Lady Chapel an old oak Elizabethan Com-
munion table, known as the 'gild table.* A fine
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 65
incised stone, cross design, within the sanctuary,
in great part covered and inscription unread.
Marble sculpture, by Westmacott, to members
of Jeaffreson family. Recumbent figure of Lieut.-
General Jeaffreson {pb. 1824), and a tablet to
Henrietta, his widow, formerly Viscountess Gor-
manston. There are other memorials. Over N.
porch entrance a curious medallion, apparently
of terra-cotta (not modern), three female heads
in wimples, and two other smaller medallions.
Dripstone has good heads. Some flint panelling.
Tower buttress partly covers N. aisle W. window.
On E. and W. faces of N. porch grotesque gar-
goyles. S. of W. window a fine niche. Tower
very massive. N. door excellent woodwork ; has
ancient lock. Traces of door and porch on S. side.
The base and portions of the arms of village cross
bearing traces of the Crucified, ^'preserved" at
Dullingham House. The church once belonged to
St. Wendrille's in Normandy. Register, 1538.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1884-90.
Duxford St. John, S. of Cambridge.— Some
200 yards from St. Peter's, in state of desertion
and decay ; used as a mortuary only, no services
held. Chancel with N. chantry chapel, nave,
aisles, S. porch, fine central embattled tower
with small spire, five bells (one from Duxford
St. Peter). Chancel Dec, with modernised E.
E
66 THE CHURCHES OF
window, tracery broken ; chancel arch Norm.,
with billet moulding. On N. side Dec. pier, with
arches (continuous mouldings, corbel heads) lead-
ing to chapel. Chapel good Dec, in poor con-
dition ; E. window of three lights. Remains of
two beautiful niches and trefoil piscina. Rood-
stairs in N.W. angle of tower. Font plain
octagonal. Tower arch fine Norm., with triple
shafts, square abaci, billet moulding, and round
arches. Nave separated from aisle by Perp.
arches and piers. S.W. doorway excellent Norm.
Tympanum has Maltese cross enclosing a rose.
Upper part of tower early Dec. Huge supporting
buttresses on N. side of tower and at S.W. angle.
The twisted spire tells of an indiscreet attempt
to mount a heavy flagstaff on Diamond Jubilee
day. Register, 1685. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Duxford St. Peter, S. of Cambridge. — Chan-
cel, nave with clerestory, aisles, S. porch,
embattled W. tower with small spire, clock,
one bell (places for five bells). Chancel (much
modernised) partly Norm., partly E.E. Low-
side window on N. side of chancel. Sedilia (2),
piscina, and aumbry. Chancel arch Perp., very
wide. Nave Perp., has good arches, with piers
and clerestory. Good open Perp. roof. Aisle
windows early Perp. At E. end of N. aisle two
good niches, with crocketed canopies, pinnacles,
DUXFORD ST. JOHN. NORTH-WEST
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE ^'j
and angel corbels on either side of window.
Tower Norm., said to possess Saxon features;
it certainly has later insertions. Belfry windows
Norm., with detached lights and single arch.
Font basin trans. Norm, to E.E., on Dec. or
Perp. base. St. Peter's is consolidated with
Duxford St. John. Register, 1684. Bp.'s
Transcript, i6cx). Restored, 1874-91.
Elm, S.S.E. of Wisbech.-—^// Saints: Chan-
cel, nave, aisles, N. porch, embattled W. tower
with small spire, five bells. Chancel (originally
longer) walls E.E., with roof higher than that of
nave. E. window with stained glass has geo-
metrical tracery. Side windows Dec, inserted in
E.E. openings, and four lancets. Priest's door
near W. end semicircular, with plain mouldings.
E.E. arch, good caps and mouldings. Nave
six bays, piers alternately round and octa-
gonal. Clerestory ten good E.E. lancets, with
shafts and early Dec. caps. Nave roof double
hammer-beam ; has two tiers of angels with out-
spread wings, &c., richly carved. S. aisle walls
E.E. Windows Dec. and Perp., in E.E. open-
ings. Original shafts remain in jambs. Door-
ways E.E. S. door has three recessed shafts and
architraves with good mouldings. Porch Dec.
at third bay W. N. doorway has seven shafts,
very good mouldings. Marble font Italian design.
68 THE CHURCHES OF
Tower E.E., 70 feet high, turret and spire. Modern
external facing of three lower stages, shafted
arcade, corner turrets octagonal. N. wall shows
traces (low-lancet windows) of earlier church
(1250), and weather mouldings against face of
tower mark pitch of roof. Windows on three
sides, very good. Belfry windows semicircular,
two lights. Triforium runs along base of W.
windows from turret staircase to groined cell in
N.W. turret, under which, on ground floor, is a
small chamber exactly similar. W. door semi-
circular, three shafts, E.E. architraves. Corbel
table of masks continued throughout on nave,
aisles, and tower. Church dedicated, 1343, by
Simon de Montacute, Bp. of Ely. Register,
1539. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1875.
[Friday Bridge is an ecclesiastical parish
formed, i860, from Elm parish. Church dedi-
cated to St. Mark.]
Elsworth, N.W. of Cambridge. — Hofy
Trinity : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, porch,
low embattled W. tower, clock, four bells.
Spacious chancel raised five steps above nave.
Fine double piscina, with stone shelves and early
Dec. sedilia ; perhaps the finest example in the
county. Chancel stalls returned at W. end ;
very fine, with good poppy heads, linen-fold
panelling at back. Under book rests of stalls
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 69
are little lockers, retaining their original panelled
doors, locks, and hinges. Aumbr}' on N. side.
On S. side small square low-side window, with
original iron staples, beneath a string course.
Arch has good details. Nave four lofty arches,
clerestory windows, on S. side quatrefoils. Piers
Dec, with filleted shafts. Corbel masks. Aisle
windows have good tracery. S. aisle, good piscina;
smaller one in N. aisle. N. aisle rebuilt ; tracery
of two windows reproduced, and a third replaced
at same time new E. window added. Some good
carved open seats and pulpit, all Perp. Font
plain octagonal, on slender shafts. Tower arch
lofty, with half octagonal responds, no caps,
recessed mouldings. Tower has good W. door-
way and staircase turret on S. side. Pinnacles
and battlements have been added. Seven but-
tresses have been rebuilt. Fine Dec. wheel
cross on chancel gable. Over porch door a sun-
dial with inscription MOX. NOX. Chest in tower
basement. Monumental slabs remain, having
15th cent, matrices. Register, 1528. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1877, 1894-5.
[Church formerly belonged to Ramsey Abbey.]
Eltisley, W. of Cambridge. — St. John Baptist
and St, Pandiana : ^ Chancel, clerestoried nave,
^ The peculiarity of this dedication has been already referred
to under Church Dedications {vide Introduction).
70 THE CHURCHES OF
aisles, N. transept or chapel, S. porch, lofty
embattled W. tower, octagonal spire, four bells.
Chancel modern. Nave arcade of three bays
with Perp. clerestory windows. Piers E.E.,
circular, with foliaged caps. The N. chapel has
a fine E. window, and a canopied tomb with
recumbent figures of a knight in armour and
lady. The arch, crocketed, with a finial, was
apparently at one time under a battlemented
square head supported by shafts. Doorway in
S. aisle E.E., with tooth ornament in arch.
Aisle windows Perp. Roof and some windows
modern. Font octagonal basin on circular shaft.
Tower E.E., with angular buttresses. Perp.
windows. Spire has two good tiers of lights, the
lowest double, with crocketed canopies. Brass
to the Marshall famil}^, 1640. The Disborrowes
settled here about 1600. Major-General Dis-
borrowe married at Eltisley to Oliver Cromwell's
youngest sister. Register, 1600. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored tower and nave, 1875-9.
Ely. — Holy Trinity : The superb Lady Chapel
of the cathedral, used as a parochial church
(assigned to the parish in 1566), it is unnecessary
here to describe. One bell dated 1648, and
priest's bell inscribed ►J* Ave .gracia .plena in
a belfry at school opposite. Register, 1559.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 71
Ely. — St. Mary: Chancel; clerestoried nave,
aisles, S. transept chapel, N. porch, W. tower
with hexagonal spire, clock, eight bells. Chancel
E.E., with Perp. E. window, lancets, arcaded
double piscina and canopied sedilia (two) under
trefoil arch. Chapel (S. side of nave) good E.E.,
double piscina, arcaded, E. window in triple
lancet form, W. window two lights with trefoil
head. Nave of seven pointed arches with E.E.
mouldings; the circular piers have Norm, caps
(a curious blending of the two styles). Floor
level has been altered ; shaft plinths rest on
rough stone basements. This is a somewhat
remarkable feature. The suggestion that the
foundations of these piers were laid bare to give
them greater dignity, and the better to accord
with the later arches, which displaced those of
semicircular form, appears reasonable. Chancel
stalls, clerestory, and aisle windows early Perp.
The N. porch has fine E.E. doorway, with singular
mouldings and banded shafts, trans. Norm.
Tower and spire good Dec. An ancient font
of barnack stone in churchyard, with inscription
in lead letters, of irregular shape, assumed to be
pre-Norm., the base hexagonal, and comparatively
modern. On S.W. buttress of tower a stone
records the burial of five persons executed during
Littleport riots 1816. Church rebuilt by Bp.
72 THE CHURCHES OF
Eustachius about 1215. Register, 1670. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1606. Restored, 1878-9.
[Formerl}'' two ancient hospitals, Sts. John
and Mar}' Magdalene, united under Bp. North-
wold c, 1240. Thirteen chaplains and brethren
constituted the aggregate community.]
Eversden, Great, S.W. of Cambridge. — St
Mary : Chancel, nave, N. porch, W. embattled
tower, short spire, three bells. E. window of
three lights. Piscina in E. wall with shelf.
Aumbr}' on N. side. Chancel arch good Perp ;
rood staircase and upper doorway remain. Nave
windows of three lights, some fragments of
stained glass. Some old oak benches, two
stalls with misericords. Jacobean pulpit. Font
octagonal, shallow basin of rough workmanship
plastered. Iron-bound chest. Porch modern.
Tower has projecting bell turret. Register, 1541.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1864.
Eversden, Little, S.W. of Cambridge. — St.
Helen : Chancel, nave, N. porch, low embattled
W. tower, four bells. Chancel early Dec, E.
window Dec. of three lights, with flowing tracery.
On N. side a trefoiled lancet and traces of others.
Oak stalls originally in the chapel of Queens'
College. Chancel arch destroyed. Nave windows
Dec, of two lights, flowing tracery. Roofs good,
former pitch of nave roof indicated. Font large
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 73
plain octagonal. Rood staircase on S. side,
indications of a turret termination. Open wood
porch, good, with carved barge board. Inner
doorway has continuous Dec. mouldings and
a stoup niche. W. tower window Perp., of
three lights ; has grotesque dripstone corbels.
Register, 1703. Bp.'s Transcript, 1603. Re-
stored, 1 891-2.
Fordham, N. of Newmarket. — 5A Peter:
Chancel, nave, aisles, chapel (crypt chapel with
chamber over) of two stories at N. side of nave
near entrance, S. porch, W. embattled tower,
six bells. Chancel E.E., original lancets, blocked.
Dec. E. window, Perp. side windows; lower part
of S.W. lancet forms low-side opening. Sedilia.
Reredos. N. and S. stalls (12) and misericords
(14th cent.), the elbows carved with demi-angels
and lions. Good Perp. open timber roof. E.E.
arch, with tooth ornament in jambs. Brass eagle
lectern. Nave of five lofty arches with octagonal
piers, the two eastern E.E., others plain Dec.
Perp. clerestory. Nave and aisle roofs Perp.
N. aisle prolonged, in part covering chancel.
Windows Perp., S. aisle windows late Dec.
S. porch (opposite crypt) good Perp. The
chapel of Our Lady over N. entrance a feature
of uncommon interest. N. doorway well moulded
E.E., with shafts, opens into lower story of
74 THE CHURCHES OF
chapel of six bays, vaulted with stone ribs
that spring from late Dec. responds, and borne
on two central detached piers. Windows single
cinquefoil lights. Chapel above late Dec, with
windows of flowing tracery at each end, two
on N. side blocked. A doorway from this
chapel into the church has trans. Norm, frag-
ments. Chapel entered by external staircase
turret at N.W. angle. Font, Perp., octagonal with
shallow panelling. Tower arch and tower early
Perp,, good W. window. N.W. stair turret with
good squinches and lofty buttresses. Priest's
doorway good E.E., with jamb shafts, well
moulded caps and bases. Good gable crosses
on chancel and nave. Chapel restored and
opened to the interior as a galler}'', 1864.
Effigy brass William Chesewright and wife,
1521. Some memorial windows. There are bench
ends quaintly designed. The only old glass
(14th cent.) is in a window in N. porch, formerly
in W. w^indow of S. aisle, but removed when the
Withers' memorial was inserted ; it shows an
archbishop (? St. Thomas of Canterbury), borders
and decorated quarries. Register, 1567. Re-
stored, 1874-91.
[The parish register records (Feb. 27, 1604)
that James I. hunted the hare and took refresh-
ment in Fordham.]
'^TS'WB^fm-x
FORDHAM, ST. MARY. STAINED GLASS ROUNDEL
(FOURTEENTH CENTURY)
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 75
Foulmere, S. of Cambridge. — 5/. Mary :
Chancel, nave, S. aisle, transepts, S. porch,
lofty embattled central tower, five bells. Chancel
Dec. Fine E. window, four lights, large canopied
niches and projecting stone for image. Double
piscina having circular head Norm, to E.E. Low-
side window on S. side. Midway in chancel
another piscina, close by an aumbry. Rood-
screen Perp. Dec. tower rests on four Dec.
arches. Transepts Dec, windows large (with
good tracery), and shafts, architrave, and drip-
stone. In N. transept two niches, in S. transept
a piscina. Nave Dec., separated from aisle by
three arches and piers. Clerestory late Perp.
Aisle Dec, with good windows. Porch and W.
doorway Perp. N. transept has ball flower orna-
ment in exterior cornice. Font octagonal, with
Dec panels. On pier of S. tower arch a pro-
jecting head for an image. On chancel wall, N.
and S., two helmets, swords, and pennons long
suspended. Arch on N. side may have been an
Easter Sepulchre. Memorial window in chancel
to Rev. Wm. Metcalfe, former rector. Register,
1561. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1876-90.
Foxton, S. of Cambridge. — St. Lawrence :
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch,
embattled W. tower, clock, five bells. Chancel
has fine E.E. triplet, widely splayed, with jamb
/6 THE CHURCHES OF
shafts, moulded arches, and tooth ornament in
hood moulds. S. side has Dec. windows, an E.E.
string carried over piscina and around chancel.
Large square-headed double E.E. piscina, the
intersecting arches renewed. In N. wall a recess.
The high-pitched chancel roof has good Perp.
carved corbels and cornice. Arch destroyed.
Rood - screen richly carved. The upper and
lower rood-doors remain. Nave has three arches
on each side slightly differing in detail, arches
low, those on N. side good E.E., with moulded
caps and bases. Arches on S. side E.E., the
westernmost Perp. Clerestory has w^indows of
three lights late Perp., except two W. windows
of two lights. Nave roof late Perp. N. aisle
has E.E. doorway and good string. Dec. windows.
At E. end are two good Dec. image brackets ; i.
one has ball flower ornament. Also a Dec.
piscina, Perp. parclose. S. aisle has E.E. string
and piscina singularly built in. Windows Dec,
the W. end Perp. Tower arch good Perp. with
shafts. Font, E.E., has central and surrounding
stems. It has passed through many changes.^
Nave has good old open seats. Remains of
14th cent, glass. Register, 1640. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored, 1881.
^ Church built about 1456. An indulgence granted to those
who should contribute.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE J*!
Fulbourne, S.S.E. of Cambridge. — St, Vigor:
Another church, All Saints^ stood S.E. of St.
Vigor in same churchyard. Perfectly distinct
parishes. The steeple fell (Trinity Sunday 1766),
demolishing nave and chancel. Two of the five
bells were cracked, and were sold to defray cost
of recasting the other three. It seems to have
been a cruciform church. The oak benches and
fittings disappeared. Panels of screen, with
paintings of Our Saviour and St. Elizabeth of
Hungary, now in library of Trinity College,
Cambridge.
St, Vigor. — Consists of chancel, with sacristy
on N. side, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. transept,
S. porch with parvise, and embattled W. tower,
clock, six bells. 1 Chancel has early Perp. E.
window of five cinquefoil lights under a transom,
stained glass. An irregular E.E. cusped arch,
with fleur-de-lis terminations, forms a sedile, a
curious septfoil recess. On N. side a septfoil
monumental arch, and within a wooden feretrum
of six compartments. An emaciated recumbent
effigy in stone of John Careway, a former rector,
in a winding-sheet [pb, 1443). There is a N.
chantry attached to the chancel, and a Perp.
sacristy entered (where a piscina occurs) by two
^ The bells (recast 1776) are inscribed with a recital of cir-
cumstances consequent on the ruination of All Saints Church.
78 THE CHURCHES OF
arches. Nave of five bays, N. arcade E.E. S.
piers good clustered Dec, with bell caps.
Windows of S. aisle Dec, those N.E. Perp. Fine
open benches, with poppy heads and panelling.
S. transept has Dec. and Perp. windows. Small
low-side window at W. side of transept. A
high tomb with two recumbent effigies, 1633,
probably representing Edward Wood and lady
{pb. 1633). A^so tablet to Tyrell Dalton [pb.
1682). The S. porch has inner arch opening
eastward into aisle. Tower arch E.E., lancet in
form, resting on brackets. Lower stage of tower
has lancet with deep internal splay, and W.
doorway. W. window Perp., rest of tower E.E.,
surmounted by stunted spire, bell hangs outside.
Pulpit of carved oak [c, 1330), has panels trefoiled
and crocketed with quaint spandril carving.
Good E.E. string course runs round interior.
Under a canopy in chancel a large effigy brass
to Wm. de Fulbourne, chaplain to Edward HI.
(pb, 1390), vested in cope, border inscription muti-
lated. This is one of the earliest remaining
brasses. In nave another brass of a priest
[c. 1390), in eucharistic vestments, possibly Roger
Grymm, a former rector. Another brass, small,
to Geoffrey Bysschop, Vicar of All Saints (1477),
in eucharistic vestments, the hands crossed down-
wards ; a modern inscription has been supplied
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 79
from Blomefield. Also a lady (15th cent.). Por-
tions of brasses now mounted on board affixed
to wall. Font modern. Register, 1538. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1599.
Gamlingay, S.E. of St. Neots.— 5/. Mary:
Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and S. transept chapels,
N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower, small
spire, five bells. Chancel walls Dec, with late
Perp. windows. On N. side late Perp. sacristy.
Good 15th cent, stalls (6) and misericords are par-
ticularly well fashioned and elaborately moulded.
The misericords have been injured ; the others,
though somewhat roughly carved, are interesting
examples. Presumably these were the seats
allotted to the Brotherhood established here.
Fine early Perp. rood-screen. Carved angels
forming corbels to original roof remain. Nave
five arches Dec, octagonal piers and moulded
caps, those on N. side being more richly
moulded. Aisles have Dec. walls, and windows
late Perp. A good string carried round S. aisle
and chapel. The latter has piscina and bracket.
Over chancel arch two late Perp. windows.
Nave roof and clerestory plain Perp. Good
Dpen seats. Perp. font octagonal and panelled ;
Tiutilated. Porches (large) have groined roofs,'
hat on N. side has a room above, turret at
D.W. corner, entered by staircase. S. porch has
8o THE CHURCHES OF
cinquefoil niche. Good gargoyles and dripstone
terminations at E. end. Tower has good W.
doorway, and Perp. windows under square hood
moulds, those in upper story deeply recessed,
with plain chamfers in the jambs. On S. side of
doorway a stoup. Early Dec. screen in tower,
arch at W. end. Some good glass. Church
battlemented throughout. Register, 1699. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1 60 1. Restored, 1843, 188 1.
Girton, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew:
An early Dec. church largely transformed by
poor Perp. Chancel, nave, aisles, transept, S.
porch (blocked room above), embattled W. tower,
clock, four bells. E. window Perp., with tran-
soms, stained glass. The two N. chancel win-
dows blocked, one part covered by vestry. Two
windows on S. side. Piscina cinquefoiled, basin
obliterated. Chancel walls partly stencilled, lower
portions tastelessly painted and plastered. Uppei
and lower entrances to rood-loft by S. chance
pier ; the lower has square head with quatrefoi.
and other ornament. Lower part of good Perp.
rood-screen recently varnished and badly treated.
Chancel arch of wide span. Royal arms above.
Nave four arches, Perp., on each side, with tall
clerestory windows of three lights. Roof good
Perp., with tie-beams. Window^s and doorways
late and plain. N. doorway Dec. S. aisle has Dec.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 8i
piscina, large and wide trefoil head, no drain.
At W. end both aisles have a single narrow win-
dow without architraves, of two lights. Tower
arch of wide span. Door leading to porch
chamber in S. wall has square head, quatrefoil
ornament : both here and in turret staircase are
quatrefoil lights. Good original door, with iron
bands (leading to tower), end of S. aisle. Poly-
gonal turret that runs some way up S. face of
tower entered from interior. Doorway in S.
angle, about six feet from floor, has no visible
means of access. Perp. tower on three arches
has earlier windows without architraves. Frag-
ments of old glass, and some old open seats.
Dec. font, plain octagonal, lately barbarously
covered with white enaineL paint. In chancel
two brasses to former rectors : (i) Wm. Malster,
Canon of York (in cope), 1492; (2) Wm. Stevyn,'
-:anon of Lincoln (in cope), 1497. Good S.
f^rch Perp., lighted by side windows. Several
gjood dripstone heads and gargoyles. Priest's
door (S. side of chancel) has exceptionally good
dripstone heads of king and monk. There are
::otton memorials. Chancel, nave, and aisles
i^eavily battlemented. On outer chancel wall on
I, side a small arched recess (blocked) of irregu-
ar construction ; seems to have been a 'low-side
vindow.' A range of old coffin stones, much worn,
F
82 THE CHURCHES OF
of great interest, form coping of E. churchyard wall.
Porch and chancel alone have buttresses. Regi-
ster, 1629. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1853.
[Free-Chapel of St. James in Howes^ a hamlet
of this parish (sometimes accounted in Cambridge
parish of St. Peter), was about a mile distant
from Girton Church. Church formerly connected
with Ramsey Abbey.]
Grandsen Parva, W. by S. of Cambridge. —
Sts. Peter and Paul: Chancel, nave, aisles, lofty
embattled W. tower, three bells (second bell has
►J* Sancte Necolane Or a Pro Nobis). S. porch
E.E. Chancel remarkable for two east windows,
one of two lights, with quatrefoils in head, other
Dec, with flowing tracery. N. and S. have similar
windows. E.E. string runs round chancel. Good
stalls and Perp. screen. Chancel arch earl}^ Dec.
Nave of four arches early Dec. Octagonal piers
have moulded caps. Clerestory windows late
Perp. N. aisle originally had single lancets.
E.E. doorway. Aisle windows late Perp. Tower
arch, early Perp., narrow and lofty. Tower of
same date. Font plain octagonal, Dec. Old
open seats remain in nave. Two good gable
crosses. Chancel restored 1858. E. end rebuilt
1875. Register, 1730. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Restored further, 1885-8.
Grantchester, S.W. of Cambridge. — Sts.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 83
Mary ond Andrew: Chancel, nave, S. aisle N
porch, embattled W. tower, clock, three bells"
Chancel good Dec, late, with high-pitched roof
E window very fine Dec, five lights, stained
glass (g,ft of Rev. Dr. Streane, Vicar), with flow-
ing tracery, and jamb shafts with octagonal caps
and bases. Side windows three lights, with
varied flowing tracery. In internal shafts be-
tween windows with projecting ogee hoods are
double cinquefoil niches, and below a bold string
course. Sedile. Small cinquefoiled piscina of
like character, niche on either side of E. window
Under N.E. window a low widespread o-ee
sepulchral recess with deep mouldings. Chancel
arch plain Perp., with shafts having moulded caps
Rood staircase unusually large, fairly well pre-
served. Nave Perp., four bays, windows of
three lights, with depressed arches. N eastern
under Dec, arch, which perhaps opened into a'
chapel. Nave has open timber roof. S W of
:hancel arcli a low-side window. On N side
Dec. recess (for an altar), with Perp. window
inder arch. On S. side high panelled tomb
erp., under square label, spandrils filled with
[uatrefoils, and otherwise ornamented. Matrices
■f brasses c. 1470. S. aisle erected 1877 The
emohtion of S. wall showed that nave wall had
een extended and heightened. Some light is
84 THE CHURCHES OF
thrown on the earlier structure by the discovery
of an E.E. lancet, small round-headed window,
and parts of Norm, doorway, &c., together with
some corbels with rudely cut grotesque heads.
Roman tiles, and two pieces of Roman quern also
found. Font Norm., circular, on E.E. stem. N.
porch has good Perp. mouldings. Upper part of
W. window occupies place of old W. door. Tower
window with two cinquefoil arches with drip-
stone. Square Jacobean pulpit ornamented with
shields of arms (two chevronels and a canton)
said to have come from King's College. Near
S. door an external entrance to turret. Arms of
Bp. Fordham {pb. 1425) occur on tower. [Being
due S. of Cambridge Observatory, a collmeator
is set on top of tower, formerly a guide for astro-
nomers. Bede's assertion concerning discovery
of Queen Etheldreda's coffin under walls of the
ruined city of Grantchester must refer to Roman
Cambridge, which had its centre in vicinity of
Castle Hill. A St. Christopher painting on N. wall
of nave, 1 5th cent., has been destroyed.] Register,
1539. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1887-91,
during which seven windows erected.
[New ecclesiastical district has church dedicated
to St. Maj'k.]
Graveley, S.E. of Huntingdon. — St.Botolph:
Chancel, nave, N. porch, low embattled W. tower,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 85
four bells. Chancel rebuilt of red brick c. 1750
(described as * Grecian ' architecture), when chan-
cel arch was apparently destroyed and church
generally much mutilated (and 'ornamented!').
Tablet to Rev. Henry Trotter, a former rector,
states that he then '' rebuilt and beautified the
chancel." ^ Doorway to rood-loft remains. Nave
late E.E., had two-light windows with circles in
head. On N. side are four E.E. arches to an
aisle (now destroyed). They are blocked, and
two-light windows inserted. Good tower arch.
Tower Perp., with modern W. window, good
buttresses to nave at tower angles. Stone coffin
near N. nave door (outside) and coffin-lids built
into S. wall. Register, 1642. Bp.'s Transcript,
1599. Restored, 1874-6, 1888.
Guilden Morden, S.W. of Cambridge. — St.
Maiy : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch,
embattled W. tower, low spire, clock, six bells.
Chancel Perp., original sacristy on N. side. E.
window modern, brackets on either side, small
Perp. cinquefoil piscina. Sill of S.E. windows
form sedilia. Rood-screen Dec, best in county,
very fine and perfect, carrying cinquefoil, arches
ornamented quatrefoils with slender banded shafts.
^ The Rev, Henry Trotter left considerable sums for aug-
menting the rectory, endowment of school and other charitable
uses. He gave his library for the use of his successors and neigh-
bouring clergy, and ;^S0 for a room in which to house the books.
86 THE CHURCHES OF
Each lateral enclosure is 7 feet wide and more than
6 feet in breadth ; against this work stood altar of
the Holy Cross. The lower panels have 1 5th cent,
paintings of Sts. Edmund and Erkenwald, &c.
Beneath the arch appears an interesting quatrain.
Nave six arches, those on N. side and three W.
arches on S. side early Dec, and have clustered
columns ; other arches S. side octagonal piers,
and are late Dec. ; all have moulded caps. Good
early Perp. parclose at E. end of N. aisle. Aisle
windows late Perp. insertions in older w^alls with
original string course. Clerestory Perp. Ori-
ginal height of nave seen in Dec. moulding cut
through to insert windows. Tower arch Dec,
and well moulded. Font, basin circular Norm.,
with cable moulding on upper edge, rests on
five shafts of later date. Some good open seats.
Tower has four crocketed pinnacles. S. porch
Perp. Staircase turret at S.E. angle of nave has
original capping. Register, 1653. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored, 1856.
[Chapel of Rodi'eth in this parish long since
destroyed.]
Haddenham, N. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity:
Church largely rebuilt, occupies commanding posi-
tion in the fen district. Chancel, nave, aisles,
transepts, N. and S. porches, E.E. tower, clock,
six bells. Chancel E.E., has three triplet lights
CAMBRIDGESHIRE ^f
at E. end, walls have a string course. Trefoiled
piscina. Sedilia in sill of S.E. window. On N.
side wide trefoiled arch, with crocketed canopy
and pinnacles. Priest's door on N. side opens
into vestry. Side windows good early Dec, with
deep internal jamb shafts with moulded caps.
Chancel arch Perp., transepts Perp.; each have
niches and piscina. Arches opening into aisles
have Dec. and E.E. piers. Nave has seven arches
on each side, six are trans. E.E. Transept
arches Perp., octagonal, with moulded caps.
Aisles have early Dec. and Perp. windows.
Clerestory and roof Perp. ; roof rests on good
corbels. N. transept roof put up by John Godfrey
(od. 1454). S. porch good Dec, square-headed
windows divided by detached shaft. Font Perp.,
fine octagonal basin and hexagonal base, richly
panelled with roses and angels bearing shields
supported by four griflSns seated. In S. porch
an old plain font, long buried. Fine E.E. (tran-
sition) tower, 72 feet high, rebuilt 1876, sup-
ported by three lofty well-moulded arches ;
recessed W. door has four shafts in jambs, all
richly moulded ; over is a three-light Dec.
window, with hood mould, tooth and ball flower
ornament in the hollows. Above is a recessed
circular window filled with early Dec. tracery
and ball flower ornament in spla3\ On N. side
88 THE CHURCHES OF
ball flower and tooth ornament prominent. Belfry
story has double lancets, cinquefoiled in head,
richly moulded. Staircase turret, S.W. angle,
carried on good double squinches well carved.
Good Perp. rood-screen (stored over thirt}' years
in a builder's yard) lately restored to the r
church. Staircase turret to rood-loft on S. side. I
Well-carved Elizabethan altar table, on seven legs.
Brasses to (i) Wm. Noion (o5. 1405), ultimus
Rector^ Canon of York, Lincoln and Chichester;
effigy, in cope, missing, double canopy and in-
scription alone remain ; (2) John Godfrey and
wife Margaret (1454) removed from N. transept
floor, now mural. Register, 1570. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599.
Hardwick, W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary:
■ Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, spire,
three bells, modern vestry. Chancel Perp., with
Dec. windows, one a memorial window to Rev.
J. S. Brown, formerly rector. On S. side other
windows, Perp. Plain E. window of three lights,
cusping destroyed. Piscina. Rood-loft stairs and
doorways remain (very small openings to give ^
light in rood staircase wall). There appears to
have been a turret, which possibly communicated
with opposite side from exterior. Nave Perp.
Chancel and nave have good Queen-post roofs.
S. porch has original oak open roof and two-light,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 89
square-headed side windows. Tower arch lofty,
Perp., of lancet form. Font plain octagonal,
cup shaped. Large oak chest, iron bound, has
remains of armour, probably appertaining to a
knight's tomb. There were painted on S. wall
of nave the legend of St. Cyriac, the six acts of
mercy, and over N. door St. Christopher (late
15th cent.). Register, 1564. Bp.'s Transcript,
1600.
Harlton, S.W. of Cambridge.— 5/. Mary
[Asstiinptiofi of) : Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and
S. porches, low embattled tower, three bells.
A church of singular interest, erected c. 1370.
Trans. Dec. to Perp. throughout. The E. window
of five lights, with flowing and vertical tracery.
On each side an elegant niche. Chancel win-
dows trans. Perp. Good priest's door. Stone
reredos very fine, thirteen crocketed niches and
central recess (? for relics), stone brackets on N.
wall. Large fine piscina, with square hood, well-
carved heads, and foliated spandrils. Sill of E.E.
window forms sedilia. Arch fine and lofty, of
like character, with four nave arches, Perp., caps
with mouldings inclining to Dec. Stone rood-
screen upon low wall, with six cinquefoil arches,
centre arched opening. At N.W. angle of chan-
cel the entrance to rood-loft turret with newel
staircase, and original door with ironwork in
90 THE CHURCHES OF
N. aisle, opening upon roof. Aisles same style
as rest of church. Windows fine, have transoms.
E. window, S. aisle, has three lights transomed.
Lofty tower arch with continuous mouldings.
Porches have well-moulded doorways of varied
design, that on N. side (formerly groined) has
mutilated stoup in angle with foliated basin on
clustered shaft. Good Jacobean pulpit. Some
old stalls in chancel, with poppies. Roofs low,
but open and good. Font modern. There are
good corbel heads within and without the church.
Register, 1584 (? 1636). Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Harston, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, and
embattled W. tower (iv}' clad), four bells (the
tenor has a strangely reversed inscription in com-
mon with the third bell at Newton, q.v^. Chan-
cel modern, arch Perp., rood-screen with stair-
way. Stair turret at N.E. angle of nave carried
up above roof with original conical capping.
Nave of five bays late Perp., as also aisles.
Nave and aisles alike very narrow (S. aisle
being considerably narrower than N., only about
4 feet wide). Pier arches have shafts attached
to E. and W. sides carrying moulded arches.
Surface of wall, of which arches are a part,
quite flat towards nave and aisle, a singular
arrangement. Nave roof (with clerestory) has
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 91
quaintly carved corbels, eight of a possible
twelve, the face of each figure perhaps sug-
gestively turned away from altar. Nave roof
open and plain, E. end of N. aisle projects,
forming a chapel, and containing piscina. Pis-
cina also at E. end of S. aisle. Some ancient
open seats remain. Porch has good open roof,
in which is a female head with horned head-
dress. Small plain octagonal font. Some frag-
ments of old glass. Pulpit late Dec, plain
octagonal on shaft. Nave, aisles, and porch
battlemented, modern vestry attached to chancel.
Register, 1686. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re-
stored, 1870, 1883.
Haslingfield, S. by S.W. of Cambridge.—^//
Saints : Fine spacious church of unusual width.
Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, em-
battled W. tower, low spire, clock, five bells.
Chancel [c. 1 300) early Dec. Walls are Norm.,
portions of exterior string course in S. wall with
tooth ornament. Roof abounds in ornamenta-
tion, and has many singular subjects. E. window
of five lights, on N. side a lancet. S. side has
a trefoiled lancet, under which is E.E. priest's
door, other windows Dec. Arch E.E. trans.,
tooth ornament under hood mould, ball flower
in label. E.E. arch moulds. Remains of Dec.
rood-screen. Nave piers (4) good Dec, clustered,
92 THE CHURCHES OF
with moulded caps. Arches on each side differ-
ently moulded. Responds at E. and W. ends
E.E., as are two W. arches on S. side. Clerestory
two-light windows are directly over the piers.
Aisles Dec, good windows of three lights with
reticulated tracery ; strings are continued from
labels. Open timber roofs have spandrils pierced
and carried by good corbel heads. Nave roof
(flat Jacobean) has good carved wooden bosses,
some with foliage of E.E. character, fine and
curious. Pulpit late Perp., good old open seats.
Some good glass remains. Plain Dec. octagonal
font, built into pHnth of S.W. pillar. Lofty tower
arch Perp., well moulded. N. porch large, Dec,
S. porch smaller, with low semicircular leaded
roof with side windows. Tower Perp., is re-
markably fine, with octagonal pinnacled corner
turrets springing from buttresses. Cornice
moulded with central garg03'les. Good W.
square - headed doorway. Belfry, two - light
windows in couplets under square head with
transoms. W. window of four trefoiled lights
under square head. Ringers' loft has slight
window divided by mullions, a good band of
quatrefoils round basement. Staircase turret in
S.W. angle within buttress. Monuments in
chancel to Wendy family ; effigies in alabaster
of Dr. Thos. Wendy (Court Physician to Henry
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 93
VIII., Edward VI., Mary and Elizabeth) and
wife, son, and daughter-in-law ; a white marble
effigy in niche to Sir Thos. Wendy, K.B.(od. 1643).
Over, hangs crested helm and gauntlets, and
formerly sword, spurs, and armorial pennon.
Memorial stained glass window, three lights,
to the missionary Bp. C. F. Mackenzie, Vicar
185 1-5. Good Dec. wheel cross on E. gable of
nave. [A chapel largely resorted to by pilgrims
at Easter was on a hill called Chapel Hill.
Formerly there were chantries here (the Assump-
tion, founded 1344, and Nativity of B.V.M.,
founded 1391.)] Register, 1709. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored, 1875-9, 1898.
Hatley, East, S.W. of Cambridge. — SL Denys :
Chancel, nave, S. porch. N. porch and W. turret
added in recent years, one bell. Chancel rebuilt ;
windows of two lights with quatrefoils in head.
Low - side openings on either side of chancel,
that on N. side had string course carried over.
Chancel arch (enlarged for new chancel 1874,
the screen then taken away) good early Dec,
with moulded caps. Two nave windows similar
to those in chancel, others, including W. window,
single lancets foliated. S. porch dated 1673, ^^<^
Downing arms impaling Carlisle. Buttresses at
W. end. In previous tower there were (temp.
Edward VI.) three bells. Three windows have
94 THE CHURCHES OF
stained glass. Brass effigy, a lady (c. 1520).
Matrix of husband, three shields of arms. Table-
tomb to Mrs. Constance Castell (0^. 1610). Other
memorials re-arranged and a table-tomb levelled
in 1874. Register, 1678. Bp.'s Transcript,
1602. Restored, 1874.
Hatley St. George, S.W. of Cambridge. —
Dedication uncertain. Church built 1352. Chan-
cel, nave, loft}' embattled W. tower, two bells.
Chancel formerly rebuilt, of red brick, had at its
E. half a family vault, being half the height of
the W. portion. Nave Perp., with good N. and
S. doorways, former has square hood moulds.
Niche for stoup inside S. door. Tower has early
Perp. W. window. Belfry windows dated 1621.
Presumably date of alteration. Monumental brass
to Baldewinus Saynt-George (od. 1425) ; effigy in
complete armour (2 feet 7 inches high) now placed
above pulpit. Shields on either side modern (ap-
parently placed theie in 1671), lower one ancient
{a f esse between three cinquefoils). Register, 1 589.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1878.
Hauxton,S. S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Edmund:
A small early church, built c. 11 2,0, retaining
(tower excepted) original plan. Chancel, nave,
S. porch, and embattled W. tower, three bells.
Chancel (walls throughout Norm.) has Dec. E.
window of three lights with string under; was
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 95
found on restoration in i860 to have had originally
a semicircular apse. Piscina Dec, plain stone
bench as sedile. On S. side of arch (flanked
by arched recesses in which were side altars,
c. 1229) is a squint and a piscina. The
chapels destroyed are indicated by small Dec.
windows. On S. side of chancel arch, within
arched recess, a well preserved mural painting
(13th cent.) representing St. Thomas Becket.
Perp. rood-screen with folding doors and part
of frame remain. Also sedile recess. High
pitched Perp. roof Pulpit Perp. Jacobean read-
ing-desk. Font Norm., octagonal basin on five
shafts. The outline of a shallow Norm, porch,
formerly attached to S. doorwa}'^, may be traced,
plain escalloped caps. Square lintel has star
ornament. N. doorway small, plain, with circular
head. In angle of wall at W. end a Norm,
bowtell. Norm, buttress at E. end of nave, S.
side. W. window of three lights, with notch heads
to dripstone. Some ancient open seats. Register,
1560. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Hildersham, S.E. of Cambridge. — Holy
Trinity : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S.
chantry, S. porch, W. tower, three bells. Chancel
originally E.E., has inserted Perp. windows, the
E. window of five lights, filled stained glass,
memorial to Rev. Chas. Goodwin, a former rector.
g6 THE CHURCHES OF I
and Sarah his wife. Two large windows on either
side, with fragments of stained glass. Carved
memorial reredos of alabaster designed by
Buckler. Piscina Dec, sacristy on N. side
E.E., arched roof and Perp. doorway. On N.
side altar-tomb in canopied recess, richly moulded
and crocketed, with elegant cross brass, elaborate
open head, and side effigies of double quatrefoils.
Effigies of Robert de Parys and wife Alienora
(c. 1379) kneeling on either side of a floriated
cross with representation of Holy Trinity above ;
below the figures are shields, which in absence
of inscriptions serve to identify them. A brass
effigy in plate armour of Henry Paris {ob. 1466)
under a Dec. canopy mutilated, with Holy
Trinity as finial. Henry Parys (in plate armour)
and wife Margaret in kirtle and mantle {c. 1427).
Another brass, a skeleton in shroud (3 feet in
length) [c. 1530). Under arch between chancel
and S. chapel (now organ chamber) on modern
tomb is a cross-legged (mutilated) wooden effigy,
in armour, length 6 feet, said to represent Sir
Thos. Busteler {ob. 1370), but the figure seems to
be earlier. On altar-tomb of wood, in vestry,
a wooden effigy, said to be wife of Sir Thos.
Busteler, length 5 feet 10 inches. Chancel
arch E.E., as are arches separating nave from
aisles. The piers of two nave arches formed of
HAUXTOX, ST. EDMUXD. SOUTH DOORWAY
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 97
semicircular shafts. Clerestory windows square,
under pointed arches. Aisles early Dec. E.E.font
octagonal, resting on four pillars. Tower E.E.,
two small arches occupy place of single tower
arch. S. doorway E.E. Register, 1559. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1604. Restored, 1878, 1885-90.
Hinton (otherwise Cherry Hinton), S.E. of
Cambridge. — 5/. Andrew : Chancel, nave, aisles,
S. porch, sacristy, embattled W. tower, five bells.
Chancel, particularly fine E.E., has five lancet
lights in E. wall, eight lancets arranged in
couplets N. and S., beautiful cinquefoil arcading
on banded shafts passes along N. and S. walls.
Very fine double piscina with tooth moulding, and
graduated sedilia, and priest's door well moulded
with single shafts. Perp. rood-screen panels,
land ^eats of same period. Others are earlier,
with quaintly carved poppy heads. E.E. chancel
arch, with clustered piers. Nave of five lofty
lE.E. arches, richly moulded, with good caps and
bases. Aisle walls below string E.E. Windows
N. and S. Perp., of three lights. Roof of N.
aisle carried on good corbel brackets, angels
bearing shields. Table-tombs. Piscina. Sac-
risty, a late Tudor erection, N.E. of chancel.
Plain E.E. circular font on pedestal by S.W.
pier (formerly on five shafts). The matrix of a
ine E.E. brass, and an altar slab remain. S.
G
98 THE CHURCHES OF
porch Perp., the inner doorway E.E., N. door-
way E.E. Tower arch Perp. Trans. Norm,
jambs, with double shafts. Tower, late, has
square-headed windows of two hghts. At S.W.
corner a newel staircase. Good exterior strings,
and massive buttresses. On W. inner wall of
tower basement a coffin slab inserted, showing a
person's head and shoulders, with hands conjoined
in prayer (13th cent.). In churchyard the remains
of cross shaft and pedestal. [The clerestory ;
parclose screens at E. end of aisles enclosing
chantries, with sanctus bell above ; open benches,
and much else of interest, have been abstracted.
The Jacobean pulpit is at Teversham.] Ar-
morial glass with Orate, &c., John and Margt.
Thryplaw. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript,
1599. Restored, 1880-6.
Hinxton, S. of Cambridge. — St. Maiy (? and
St. John) : Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. chapel,
S. porch, and embattled W. tower with spire,
clock, two bells, and priest's bell. E. window
Perp. ; Dec. chancel arch. A Dec. arch leads into
chapel, which is partly Dec. and in part Perp.
E. window Dec, with shafts. S. window trans.
Dec. to Perp. Piscina trefoiled. Effigy brasses
to Sir Thos. Skelton and two wives (1416), the
male figure in complete armour. On S. side of
chancel arch a Perp. squint pierces two feet of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 99
solid masonry. In jamb of N.E. window is the
rood-loft entrance. Monument in chancel to Sir
Thos. Dayrell [ob. 1669), wife, and other members
of family, the inscription of great length, with
account of numerous descendants. Nave Dec,
separated from aisle by Perp. arch of wide span.
Piscina. Septfoil stoup in wall by S. aisle door.
Font Norm., square basin with octagonal stem
and shafts. Porch Perp., battlemcnted, has side
windows of three lights, square headed. Tower
Dec. On W. side of spire hangs the small
bell. Some old stained glass. Register, 1538.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Histon, N. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew: For-
merly a second church (St. Etheldreda) stood
W. of St. Andrew's ; it was sacrilegiously pulled
down in 1600 by Sir Francis Hinde, Lord of the
Manor, the materials being used to build his house
at Madingley. On the removal of an unfinished
gallery at end of Madingley Hall stone tracery
and moulded work belonging to St. Etheldreda's
were discovered and reincorporated in chancel
of St. Andrew on its restoration in 1874. St.
Andrew's consists of chancel, clerestoried nave,
aisles, transept, S. porch, central tower, clock,
six bells. The restoration in many ways praise-
worthy, but undoubtedly excessive. Chancel
very fine E.E. At the restoration 1874-5 (under
100 THE CHURCHES OF
Sir Gilbert Scott) a poor Perp. window was
removed, and the chancel being extended another
bay eastward (as originally planned), a beautiful
E. window of three arches was constructed, that
in centre enclosing three slender lancets, with
a smaller on either side. The mouldings very
rich and ornamented with dog-toothing, the whole
fashioned after a single stone found in E. wall.
On N. and S. walls three windows, single lancet
and two double lancets. Sedilia (2). The whole
filled with Munich glass. Oak stalls partially
restored. The transepts greatly resemble each
other. S. transept has in E. wall two E.E. bays
enclosing triple lancets, the bays supported b}^
clusters of slender shafts. The central one has
been removed and a Dec. niche and canopy in-
serted, together with a group representing the
burial of St. Catherine. Spandrils of bays filled
with quatrefoils and trefoils. Trefoiled arcade
runs along S. and W. walls. In S. wall fine
double piscina of interlacing arches, with shafts
of purbeck marble ; large E. five-light Perp.
window inserted in place of original lancets. W.
wall has similarly a two-light Perp. window.
This transept has been used as a mortuary chapel.
N. transept has double piscina and Perp. niche.
In the tracery of arcades a St. Andrew's Cross
rises from shafts. Arches leading into aisles
CAMBRIDGESHIRE lOi
differ only in shaft caps. Tower, carried on four
low arches, displays many singular features.
Belfry was reached by octagonal wooden stair-
case (now removed) in N. transept, and the
present curious approach made in N. aisle. The
Perp. nave (3 bays) and aisles restored by Bod-
ley ; arches rest on octagonal piers. Four cler-
estory windows N. and S. Perp., have two lights
each. Octagonal font Perp. (stone-painted), with
sunken quatrefoils of two designs, stands W. of
the pier of the S. aisle. The W. wall has good
doorway and two windows of two narrow lights,
with sexfoil circular heads, and a large sexfoil
window within circle above, imitation E.E.,
taking the place of a Perp. window. Fine oak
eagle lectern, St. John writing Gospel. Panels
of old woodwork wrought into a cupboard. Angel
carved in oak, bearing shell, suspended from iron
bracket as a supplementary font. Brass pulpit
on oak shaft. A few good open seats with
foliaged poppy heads, animal representations^
&c. The fine old church chest of oak with
carved tracery panels is in last stage of decay.
S. porch Dec, has low stone bench, niche,
and bracket; the folding doors have old iron-
work. Over S. transept very fine gable cross
displaying traces of rood, much weather
worn. W. wall has fragments of Norm, work
I02 THE CHURCHES OF
incorporated. Register, 1655. Bp.'s Transcript,
1599.
Horningsea, N.E. of Cambridge. — St. Peter :
Chancel and nave (under one roof), aisles, S. porch,
W. tower, five bells. Chancel E.E. ; there are
deeply splayed trefoil-headed lancets, double
piscina, priest's door, aumbr}^ in N. wall. Plain
niche in N. v/all has inscription : GOD | MAKE
US I SAAF.^ E. window and other windows Perp.
No chancel arch. Nave of five arches, trans.
Norm, on S. side, on N. side Dec, with octa-
gonal caps. Long stone bench from side chapel
to N. door. Aisles Dec, have good windows, par-
ticularly that at E. end of S. aisle, of three lights,
where a fine niche in S.E. angle and singular
piscina remain and have traces of colour. At
W. end of S. aisle a large square window, five
lights. Font E.E., on central stem and shafts.
Inner door of porch good Dec. Grotesque figures
at eaves, quatrefoil circles on either side, and
niche over doorway. Porch and S. aisle under
continuous roof. Some good 15th cent, benches,
seats, and fragments of old stained glass. Some
coffin-lids are exposed to view. Lower panels of
rood-screen painted. Elizabethan pulpit embel-
lished with the linen panelling has canopy back
^ Origin unknown. The Lomhardic lettering has been
renewed.
HISTOX, ST, ANDREW. GABLE [ROOD] CROSS
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 103
and sounding-board, with modern base. Tower
has graduated parapet, on the W. face a good
lancet. At S.W. angle two very large buttresses.
A Jacobean inscribed alms-box no longer exists.
Register, 1628. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Re-
stored, 1847, 1865, 1890.
Horseheath, S.E. of Cambridge. — All Saints :
Chancel, nave, N. and S. porches, embattled W.
tower, four bells. Chancel Dec, E. window has
flowing tracery. On N. side the easternmost win-
dow blocked, the other Dec. Cinquefoil piscina.
On S. side, monuments with effigies to Sir Giles
Allington, Master of the Ordnance, temp. Henry
VIII. (pb. 1586), and his son G3^1es, both in
armour. On N. side, monument with effigies to
Sir Giles Allington (pb. 161 3), wife Dorothy, and
kneeling figures of children. Brass with muti-
lated effigy to Robert, son of Sir Giles Allington
{pb. 1552), and Margaret (Coningsbie) his wife,
and inscribed brasses to Joan Alyngton, sister and
heiress of John Argentine (pb. 1429), and to Mary
(Cheyne), wife of John Alyngton (c. 1470). A
fine 14th cent, brass (erroneously said to be
to Sir John de Argentine) commemorates Wm.
de Audely in armour (pb. 1365). The canopy
(except a fragment representing an angel issuing
from a cloud) and inscription are missing. There
is also a brass (Che3'ne) and a tablet to Baron
104 THE CHURCHES OF
Montfort (Bromley); ob. 185 1. A Bromley helmet
is suspended from N. wall. Doors to rood-loft
remain. The dexter spandril of square head
entrance in N. wall has a curious carving of a
heart pierced with a cross ; lower part of painted
rood-screen remains. Nave Perp., with large
transomed windows. N. porch of brick blocked.
Good two-light W. window has corbel heads. Font
good Perp., panelled stem. Dec. porch has a
curious bracket stoup inserted ; it has the appear-
ance of a piscina basin, which it undoubtedly was
originally. Good side windows. Tower Dec.
Two curious old pews with roofs and pierced
fronts formerly here. Sundial over porch. Nave
parapet S. side largely of brick. Stone with
Norm, chevron inserted in wall behind pulpit.
Belfry door in S.W. interior angle, with wall
light. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Restored, 1880-91.
Ickleton, S. of Cambridge. — St. Mary Magda-
lene : A church of exceptional interest, but with
rather poor exterior. Chancel, nave, aisles, S. tran-
sept, S. porch, central tower, lofty shingle broach
spire, clock, six bells. Sacring bell hangs outside
spire. Originally cruciform, but N. transept de-
stroyed. Possesses features older than the recog-
nised Norm, building. The chancel walls are
undoubted Norm., but bear no outward mark of
■MMMItl
HORSEHEATH, ALL SALXTS, ALLINGTON MONUMENT
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 105
original character. Present chancel Perp. (with
N. and S. chantry chapels now destroyed ; a
vestry occupies place of N. chapel). Small Perp.
piscina, sedilia, and low-side window are said to
have been in ruinous state when chancel was
restored, or rather entirely rebuilt, by Ecclesiasti-
cal Commissioners (1882-3). The remains of
Dec. rood-loft with carved spandrils, and Perp.
screen with rich tracery (c. 1400). S. transept
Dec, with good cinquefoil niche. Nave has four low
early Norm, arches each side on massive square
caps, roughly worked and circular piers ; four are
monoliths of barnack stone. The bases have
foot ornaments, somewhat crude.^ The Saxon
long and short work in nave is plastered over ;
the two centre piers coated with cement are com-
posed of stone, with which Roman tiles are known
to be incorporated. Three nave piers on each
side have half-pillar imposts in end walls. There
are five clerestory windows on each side ; those
on N. side are circular, splayed within ; on S.
side they have been altered ; the 14th cent, lights
have given place to mean substitutes, the loop-
holes may even be pre-Norm. The small early
^ The (Roman) basilica-like building discovered in neigh-
bourhood is thought to have yielded stone, square and hewn,
which became available for the church fabric. It may even
have produced the circular piers {monoliths), or the church itself
may be, in part, the remains of a Roman building.
io6 THE CHURCHES OF
church, with its subsequent extensions (1351),
had a new S. re-dedicated aisle, broader than
nave, added, with S. porch Dec. (groined roof,
good bosses), and Dec. window (tracery muti-
lated) ; the door has Dec. ironwork. Sepulchral
recess in wall below window-sill. N. aisle late
Dec, very narrow, with some Perp. windows
inserted. Good internal doorway moulded, with
jamb shafts and singular mask terminations.
Tower arches E. and W. plain Norm., on four
half shafts with square caps, N. and S. Dec.
Plain octagonal font. Well-carved bench ends,
and seats with profuse ornamentation, paterae at
regular distances, &c. On one is " orate p — "
(much good work has of late years disappeared) ;
other seats bear incomplete inscriptions. Most
of the poppy heads have been sawn off, two or
three of great beauty left, i.e. St. Michael weigh-
ing souls, double-headed dolphins, &c., these
have been carefully restored. W. doorway plain
Norm. On outside of tow^er, over S. and E.
windows, two crosses patoncee of black flint.
Traces of wall-painting on tower ceiling, &c.
Marble memorial to St. Leger Algernon Herbert,
C.M.G., war correspondent, killed in Soudan
1885. A memorial window in N. aisle to
Hon. Algernon Herbert (pb. 1855). On coping
of churchyard wall carved i7i relievo some odd
ICKLEToX, ST. MARY MAGDALENE. WEST DuORWAY
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 107
figures, one representing something like a croco-
dile devouring a four-footed animal, having the
head in his mouth ; another, a fox carrying away
a goose, having the neck in his mouth and the
body thrown over his back. Register, ISS^*
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1885.
Impington, N. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew:
Chancel, nave, S. porch, low embattled W. tower,
three bells. Chancel late Dec, with Perp. E.
window. On E. wall is a niche, painted, richly
canopied and crocketed, bearing the Ely arms,
images by side. This work is somewhat bar-
barously fenced and curtained. On S. side two
Dec. two-light windows. Stairs to rood-loft once
lighted by quatrefoil (now blocked), and frag-
ments of rood-screen still remain. Nave Perp.
Fragments of (reredos) alabaster figures brought
to light some years ago. A blocked N. doorway,
with four-centred arch and good mouldings. On
N. wall painting of St. Christopher. In jamb of
adjacent window a Perp. niche. A few carved
bench ends. On tower floor the very fine effigy
brass to John Burgoyne and wife, with seven
sons and two daughters, border inscription, and
Evangelistic symbols (1525), relaid. The male
figure has tabard over armour, on which the
Burgoyne arms are placed ; the lady wears an
heraldic mantle and pedi mental headdress. The
io8 THE CHURCHES OF _
half-timbered S. porch is interesting 15th cent,
work, with hanging tracery and side screens, but so
much closed, that a view of interior is impossible,
although the openings are glazed, presumably to
give light. The whole is tarred, and presents
dismal appearance. The open screen work has
ornamented gable, with barge board. Plain octa-
gonal font, Dec. A brick chamber {horride visa)
has been built N. of chancel for organ. S. chancel
exterior wall has fragments of Norm, masonry.
W. of porch are remains of early window in wall.
Beneath projecting part of gable stones are two
small heads. The tower has angle pinnacles and
gargoyles. Fine monumental slab to Thomas
Wybrow {ob. 1669). [The Rectory of Impington,
which belonged to the monks of Ely, was appro-
priated to their library.] Register, 1562. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1879.
Isleham, S.E. of Cambridge. — St. A^tdrew:
A fine 14th cent, cruciform church, rich in
monuments and brasses. Chancel, clerestoried
nave, aisle, transepts, S. porch, embattled W.
tower with low spire, clock, five bells. Chancel
has good E. window, five fights, partly filled
with stained glass. Windows N. and S. same
period, Dec. to Perp., but different pattern. An
original vestry with lean-to roof. On N. side
an angular piscina, and wide stone seat for
ICKLETON, ST. MARY MAGDALENE. NAVE AND
SOUTH AISLE ARCADE
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 109
sedilia. There are Perp. stalls and misericords.
Chancel arch wide and lofty, trans, from Dec.
to Perp. Elizabethan rood-screen. Nave five
bays, lofty drop arches. Piers of semicircular
shafts, with bowtell in angle between them.
Over arches, a floral band with battlement. The
spandrils between arches are richly panelled,
and have shields with the Peyton and Bernard
arms. Clerestory and roof fine Perp. Roof has
Perp. panelling between tie-beams and princi-
pals, and carved angels for hammer-beams. A
long running inscription on cornice, in carved
raised letters, records its erection by Crystofer
Peyton, 1495. N. transept, mainly Dec, has
good piscina. Sepulchral recess with crocketed
canopy. The effigy under it clad in armour.
S. transept inclines to Perp. Two monuments
of the Peytons, with canopies on columns and
effigies, c. 1500. Table monument with knight's
effigy under cinquefoil ogee arch. A third monu-
ment has an effigy with inscription to Sir Robert
Peyton and Elizabeth his wife. Sepulchral recess
has figure in plate armour. There are here some
good effigy brasses to the Bernard and Peyton
families (1440-1600), also brasses to Thos. Pey-
ton and two wives (1484) on high tomb of
special interest, under triple canopy. Fine brass
eagle lectern. Octagonal font, good Perp., richly
no THE CHURCHES OF
panelled. Large S. porch has well-moulded
doorway. W. window partakes of trans, char-
acter of the church. Several modern stained glass
windows. Register, 1566. Restored, 1862, 1883.
[A priory near the church (12th cent.) dedicated
to St. Margaret was a cell to the Brittany abbey
of St. Jacutus de Insula. It was dissolved by
Henry VI. Chapel now a barn ; has an apsidal
E. end. Narrow lancet windows deeply splayed.
Semicircular chancel arch rests on cushioned
capitals, and the spring of the apse is similarly
maintained. At W. end, high up, are two round
openings. S. doorway is square headed and trefoil
shape. On N. side pointed trans. Norm, walls,
chiefly herring-bone masonr3\ The incised lines
of probable dedication crosses of sexfoil pattern
on nave walls. In S. aisle of parish church
monument to Christopher Green, warden of this
chapel. Isleham was a peculiar of Rochester
diocese.]
Kennett, N.E. of Newmarket. — St. Nicholas:
Chancel, nave, N. aisle, porch, embattled W.
tower, three bells (the third pre-Reformation,
inscribed : Meritis Edmuiidi Simus a Creinine
Mundi). Chancel E.E., with good E.E. east
window of three lights, with banded shafts ;
mouldings and shafts of a smaller one on N.
side. Other windows Dec, one on S. side Perp.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE iii
Piscina, double, very good, E.E. Painted rood-
screen Dec. Nave of four arclies, with octagonal
piers, Dec. Tower, aisle, and porch Perp. Tower
arch very good, Perp. Inner doorway of N.
porch has circular arch, with banded shafts.
Nave window opposite in same style. Good E.E.
circular font on round stem, moulded. Register,
1558.
Kingston, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints
and St. Andrew: Chancel, clerestoried nave,
aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, with stair-
case turret at E. angle, three bells (one pre-
Reformation). Chancel Dec. Square-headed
E. window (debased) of five lights. S. window
of three lights, without cusping, blocked. In
the splay a piscina with quatrefoil basin, and the
sill forms sediHa. Over priest's door is a Dec.
window of two lights. Divided low-side window
with transom (blocked) has window of two lights
above. N. wall of chancel three small trefoil
arches, with projecting ledge above (defaced).
Three wall arches (two W. the other E. of
blocked E.E. door). In westernmost arch a two-
Hght Dec. window, transomed. Further E. a
blocked lancet, below which a singular stirrup-
shaped exterior opening. The whole appearance
of this wall is peculiar. On N. wall remains
of a vine painting. Rood-screen staircase at S.
112 THE CHURCHES OF
angle. Nave Perp., with four lofty narrow
arches, high Perp. clerestory. Lofty to\ver arch,
with continuous Dec. mouldings. Roofs of chancel
and nave (with tie-beams) good Perp., white-
washed. Tower has Perp. window and trefoiled
niche, with square hood mould close by. Lower
portions of two of the N. aisle windows blocked
with plaster. At W. end of N. aisle are jamb and
sill of blocked window, above a blocked circular
opening. Good Dec. font, octagonal basin on
low shafts, with trefoil arches under crocketed
canopies. Fine old Jacobean pulpit. Chest
with strong iron bands. Monumental tablet to
Dr. Newton, Provost of King's College, a former
rector (pb. 1612). Over chancel arch remains of
painting ; a diaper pattern at E. ends of N. and
S. walls. In N. aisle, traces of painting on wall.
At W. end, large wheel with figures between
spokes ; below, a w^ell-preserved demon facing
three dragons (?). On S. nave arcade traces of
black-letter inscriptions. Register, 1570. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1889. Restored, 1585.
Kirtling, S.E. of Newmarket. — All Saints:
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. and S.
porches, W. tower, five bells. Chancel E.E.,
with Perp. insertions. Beautiful E. window.
On N. side of altar good Perp. niche and square
aumbry. Low -side window, formerly with
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 113
shutter. Rood-screen Dec, much defaced. The
Lady Chapel (mortuary of the North family) late
Perp., brick, containing several tombs, including
Sir Ed. North, M.P., first Baron North {ob,
1564), and his son, Sir Roger North de Kirt-
linge, knight-banneret, and second baron {pb,
1600). The tomb of latter bears his recumbent
effigy in armour, the head resting on a baron's
helmet, and lion couchant at feet, the whole
surmounted by canopy on six carved pillars. A
third tomb commemorates Dudley, fourth Baron,
K.B. {pb. 1677). A brass, name obliterated, to
Edward Myrfin, a noted traveller, died 1553.
The nave has six equilateral arches, with octa-
gonal piers on N. side, Perp. The chapel at E.
end of aisle remarkably good. E. window E.E.,
of two lights. S. side has Norm, arch at W.
end. Rest of arcade, as far as chancel arch,
restored, same style. S. porch has fine Norm,
doorway; the rich mouldings zigzag, and other
ornaments of the half-circular head rests upon
capped shafts. The door has good ironwork. The
tympanum, with two projecting heads in lower
angles, has a representation of Christ in majesty.
Dec. benches. Plain octagonal font. Tower sup-
ported by immense buttresses. Register, 1585.
[Kirtling Synod probably held here A.D. 977.
Formerly a Free Chapel.]
H
114 THE CHURCHES OF
Knapwell, W. by N. of Cambridge. — All
Saints: Chancel, nave, N. porch, low W. tower,
clock, one bell. In 1785 the body of the church
fell, and was rebuilt with red brick in debased
style of period. The tower, low and plain Perp.,
alone remains of former church. Perp. font
octagonal, with band of heads panelled, on de-
tached shafts. Chancel and nave rebuilt 1866.
The altar linen includes a cloth with curious
pictorial design. A pewter flagon dated 1676.
Register, 1680. Bp.'s Transcript, 1598.
Landbech, N.E. of Cambridge. — All Saints :
Chancel, nave, aisles, N. chantry chapel (now
used as a vestry), S. porch, embattled W. tower
with spire, four bells. The E.E. chancel, with
late Dec. insertions, is small. The three-light E.
window, late 13th cent., has portrait figures and
much interesting stained glass. Above sedilia
space (seats gone) a two-light Dec. window in
E.E. arch. E.E. priest's door. A similar door
(until a few 3'ears since walled up) on N. side.
The altar table enriched with insertions of old
carved work. The E.E. arches leading from
chancel into Lad}^ Chapel reopened in 1878, and
from the latter into N. aisle. The 13th cent,
stalls (four) have carved misericords ; two have
the blazoned arms of de I'lsle and Arundel
(Bps. of Ely). Square E.E. double piscina. The
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 115
present chancel screen was some time ago re-
moved from W. end, and occupies the place of a
demolished screen. Some of the remarkably
good woodwork attached to this church has
passed to Ely Cathedral (door from Bp. Alcock's
chapel) and to Jesus College, to which places it
previously belonged. Nave of four arches Dec,
with caps varied. N. and S. roof very fine Perp.,
with tie-beams, and projecting angels from centre
of each ba}'. In E. gable an inserted window.
Roof of N. aisle has flower bosses and small
angel figures. In wall recess by N. door a Dec.
canopied tomb, with finial, crockets, and double-
feathered cusps {Chamberlayne). The adjacent
window has the Chamberlayne arms. The N.E.
chapel has Dec. piscina. At E. end of S. aisle
an E.E. piscina and credence in double arch. A
bracket has headless angel bearing arms of See
of Ely. The aisles had also W. end chapels,
formerly enclosed by screens. The aisle win-
dows, Perp., have much interesting 15th cent,
glass. Octagonal font modern. Pulpit (sound-
ing-board gone) with elegant pedestal (originally
formed part of chancel screen) ornamented with
panelling brought from Jesus College. Fine oak
chest clamped with iron. The old nave open
benches are of interest. Fine lectern of Flemish
workmanship (angel, with outspread wings for
ii6 THE CHURCHES OF
book rest). The Perp. porch with side windows
has a 14th cent, stoup, much mutilated. A 13th
cent, cross coffin slab remains, and stones having
matrices of brasses; several memorial tablets to
rectors and others. The tower, late Dec, has
good arch, and W. window of two lights ; under
battlements are shields of arms. There were
here images — Our Lady of Pity, Our Lady at the
Church Door, and St. Nicholas. Register, 1538.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1878-9.
[Under 1562 the Register has the following:
— " Pope, the fox Will eate no grapes, and Whi,
he can not git y™; so at this towne thei loue
inglish seruis, because thei can haue none other,
as apperith bi the candilbeme and rodlofte, as I
think : iudge you by me. Nicholas Nemo. A.D.
1594." There are other interesting entries.
The Rev. Robert Master, rector (ob. 1798, buried
under E. window), was a noted antiquary, and
author of, inter alia, the history of C.C.C, Camb.,
of which he was a Fellow. He was instrumental
in bringing much glass, woodwork, &c., into the
church. The adjacent rectory has vaulted cellars
of stone and groined arches ; Bp. Lisle's arms
(1345) on one of the walls.]
Landwade, S.W. of Newmarket. — St. Nicho-
las: The church more a private chapel belonging
to the Cottons than a parochial church. Chancel,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 117
nave, transepts, S. porch, and low embattled
W. tower. Built by Walter Cotton (1445).
Plan cruciform. The details generally good. E.
window of three lights transomed, two piscinas
in chancel, and good rood-screen. Transepts
divided from nave by two arches. Roof carried
on well-carved corbels representing faces which
may have been studies from life. Lofty tower
arch. Some good open seats, and stained glass
of special interest, including figures of apostles
and saints, notably Sts. Margaret and Ethel-
dreda. St. Margaret (engraved in the Calendar
of the Anglican Church (Parker)) very fine.
Canopied monuments with recumbent effigies
have numerous shields of arms and other memo-
rials of the Cotton family of costly and elaborate
design, and full of interest. One has a long
inscription to Wm. Cotton, Vice-Chamberlain to
Henry VI., who was killed at the battle of St.
Albans 1455. The glory of this renowned
family, that resided here for generations, has
departed. There were family connections at
Madingley through the Hindes, also at Girton,
where the Rev. A. A. Cotton {ob. 1846) was
rector. Coped coffin-lids, 13th cent., are in
evidence. In churchyard an old stone cross.
Only two graves, these placed N. and S. The
incumbent receives annually £1. 12s. 6d. from
ii8 THE CHURCHES OF
the endowments of Battle Abbey (patronage was
in the hands of the Abbey before it passed to
Sir Robert Cotton, temp. Edward HI.) in con-
sideration, it is said, of his undertaking to preach
a sermon to any member of the Cotton family.
The church was at one time rich in brasses and
other curiosities ; but when in 1794 the old tower
fell, some gipsies are known to have carried off
much spoil.
Leverington, N.W. of Wisbech. — Sts. Leonard
and John: Large and fine E.E. church (built of
barnack stone), perhaps the finest in the county.
Parish now divided, constituting — (i) Gorefield
(church dedicated to St. Paul), an ecclesiastical
parish out of Leverington and Newton. (2)
SoTlthea {Enimanuel, has four brass chan-
deliers, formerly in St. Paul's Cathedral), cum
Murrow {Corpus Christi)> (3) Parson Drove
{q.v.). Chancel with aisle, clerestoried nave,
aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower with Dec.
spire 162 feet high, clock, six bells. Chancel
walls E.E. E. windov/ Dec, four lights, with
flowing and geometrical tracery. On N. side
two Perp. windows, a Perp. window on S. side.
E.E. sedilia, three good E.E. arches to side
chapel, with clustered piers and moulded caps.
Chapel has Dec. E. window, five lights, upper
^ A chapel was founded here 1379.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i 19
and lower with flowing tracery. Side windows
Dec, square headed. Parclose screen, piscina
bracket, and part of stone altar; stalls modern.
Chancel arch lofty Perp., entrance to rood-loft
displaying heads of King Edward III. and Queen
Philippa (1360). Nave six large and wide
arches, plain Perp., with shafts to inner mould-
ings, outer mouldings continue to the ground.
Clerestory windows of three lights, square
headed, Perp. Good Perp. open timber roof
with fine corbels, carved spandrils to tie-
beams. Aisles plain Perp. Piscina in N. aisle.
At E. end a Jesse window. Straining arches to
secure N. nave arcading. Good poppy heads to
benches. Fifteenth cent, octagonal font (one of
the very best Perp. examples). Under enriched
crocketed canopies are seated figures of saints
resting on foliated brackets, several panels being
separated by pinnacled buttresses. Shaft niches
occupied by standing figures with folded hands,
in similar divisions, ornamented by spreading
foliage above and the base by paterae, &c.
Tower arch and tower fine E.E., with foliaged
caps. W. doorway E.E., with original panelled
door. Double lancet tower windows, those of
belfry two lights. Good Dec. battlements, and
octagonal turrets at base of spire, which has
canopied windows. Very fine S. porch, early
120 THE CHURCHES OF
Dec, room above with stone groined roof battle-
mented and crocketed, with niche and window,
the ridge of open stonework with running pat-
tern. Buttresses have niches with crocketed
canopies, pinnacles, and finials. Old carved
eagle lectern. Good and interesting fragments
of old glass in chancel. St. John stands by Our
Lady of Pity, who has the Saviour in her lap,
with the following : —
Lady lede us well fro harm
To Him y'at lay ded in ye barm
Jesus fro sine make us fre
For John's love y'at baptised thee
\
Memorial to Nicholas Lumpkin, gent., and
Captain Anthony Lumpkin {od. 1780), friends
of Oliver Goldsmith. Register, 1558. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1856, 1877, 1891.
Linton, S.E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary : Chan-
cel, nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, embattled
W. tower, clock, five bells. The clock bell has
' ^Sancta Maria or a pro noibs ' (sic). The church
possesses some singular architectural features.
Chancel arch has the appearance of not being
central; it is an enlargement, the sides of nave
arcade not being correspondingly altered. Chan-
cel roof carried down quite low over sacristy,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 121
door of latter, and what is known as the ' MiHi-
cent door,' in E. wall of N. aisle are in the angle
quite close to each other. Low-side windows
(two) on N. side, and in E. wall curiously placed.
Chancel has S. windows late Perp., that on N.
earlier. A communication from S. aisle chapel
(the burial-place of the Paris family) to the
church is by two good arches. On either side
of the sacrarium is wainscot panelling, probably
a part of the old screen. Chancel arch Dec,
nave has four equilateral arches N. side, and
three drop arches S. The half arch at W. end
has its corresponding jamb built into a tower
buttress. Piers on S. side circular and octagonal
alternately (seem to be Norm.). Three circular
openings (till lately blocked) above S. arcade
are of same date possibly as the circular piers.
On N. side four semicircular shafts. The two
easternmost aisles of S. arcade destroyed, to-
gether with a massive pier, and an arch to
correspond with opposite side substituted.
Clerestory and other windows late Perp., as are
aisles and porches. Tower Dec, W. doorway
blocked, traces of Norm, moulding. Perp. font
plain octagonal. N. porch has well-moulded
doorway with good terminal heads. In the W.
wall a 14th cent, arched recess contains a large
and curious stoup, possibly Norm., that stands
122 THE CHURCHES OF
out considerably. It has angular projections (a
recurring feature in stoups of this period). On
S. side are two sundials, one on the face of a
buttress. In the flint and stone work of aisle
buttresses and on N. side of tower above cleres-
tory parapet are crosses (hardly consecration
crosses). There are monuments to the Paris
family, including an effigy brass to Henry
Parys (1427) in complete armour, somewhat
similar to the brass at Hatley St. George ; also
to the famil}^ of Millicent (155 5-1 57/). Inscrip-
tion on John Lone's monument is singular.
Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re-
stored, 1879, 1887, 1 891.
Litlington, N.W. of Royston. — St. Catherine :
Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W.
tower, five bells. Chancel Dec, E. window late
Perp. Trefoiled piscina. In N. wall blocked
arch. On monumental slab a Lombardic inscrip-
tion. Chancel arch Dec. Rood-screen Perp.
{c. 1400). Dec. nave of five equilateral arches,
with piers of four large and four small shafts.
Clerestory. N. aisle Dec, S. aisle late Perp.
Porch Perp., has stoup. Good plain open roof.
Square Norm, font on octagonal stem. Tower,
lower part E.E., upper Dec. Monument to Robt.
Stoughton {pb, 1690). Some stones without
brasses. On spla}' of window S. aisle a Latin
LINTON, ST. MARY. STOUP IN SOUTH PORCH
I
i
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 123
inscription records that Francis Drake was on
the point of taking his memorable voyage. Stone
coffin in church. Register, 1652. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored recently.
Littleport, N. of Ely. — St. George: The church
was originally appropriated to Hospital of St.
Mary Magdalene, Ely (before 1228). Chancel,
clerestoried nave, aisles, N. and S. porches,
lofty embattled W. tower, clock, eight bells
(enlarged in 1857 by addition of second nave
and aisle on N. side). Chancel restored by
Clare College 1877. E- window, memorial to
Canon Hopkins, vicar 1866-90. Carved stone
reredos. On N. side memorial window to a
former curate. Plain piscina. Rood-screen with
staircase remains. Late Perp. church throughout,
with slight exceptions, windows of same pattern
foliated in head without tracery. Original nave,
five arches on S. side, and four on N. side with
octagonal piers. N.W. pier and arch Dec. E.
end of S. aisle has niche on either side of
E. window. The fine tower, conspicuous through-
out fen district, has turret on S. side, and open-
ing on same side resembling porch. This feature
marks a passage which formerly existed N. to S.
through tower, causing it to be used as an ordinary
footpath before drainage of fens when ordinary
road was impassable. Good benches with poppies.
124 THE CHURCHES OF
Good octagonal font, the basin has quatrefoils
within panels. Massive oak chest with iron
bands, dated 1672. Register, 1606. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1599.
Littleport. — St. Matthew : An ecclesiastical
parish formed out of Littleport St. Mary, Ely,
Holy Trinity, and Downham in the Isle, 1878.
[Prickwillow. — An ecclesiastical parish formed
from Holy Trinity and St. Mary, Ely, Littleport,
and parts of Lakenheath and Mildenhall in
Norfolk and Suffolk. The church of St. Peter
(built c. 1868) on a foundation of wooden piles
in E.E. style. Central turret with short spire
has bell, formerly in Ely Cathedral, dated
1691. Font of Italian marble brought from Ely
Cathedral, said to have been designed by Sir
Christopher Wren, dated 1693. It has wooden
cover curiously carved, surmounted by groups
representing Our Lord's baptism ; the figure of
an angel suspended from roof holds the cover
by a cord.]
Lode (formerly Bottisham Lode). — A parish
separated from Bottisham 1894. The ecclesiasti-
cal parish {^St. James) formed 1863, the church
erected 1853. In parish are remains of Anglesey
Priory for Augustinian Canons (founded temp.
Henry I.).
Lolworth, N.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 125
Chancel, nave, S. porch, and W. tower, three
bells. Chancel has been shortened. E. window
recent imitation Dec. N. wall has blocked
window, also in S. wall above priest's door.
Indications that the walls were originally higher.
On S. side early Perp. square-headed window of
two lights, recently restored. Lofty chancel arch
mutilated. A fire caused by lightning is men-
tioned by Walsingham as destroying greater part
of village in 1393, which may account for dis-
appearance of windows. N. door blocked. S.
door has plain arch and continuous jambs. Porch
has stone seats. Tower early Perp., W. door
with two-light window above. Belfry has two-
light window on each face. Massive staircase
door has wide iron bands. Chancel screen
formerly here exists in a builder's yard. Tracery
from old seats have been utilised in modern
benches. Octagonal font, with panelled stem
mutilated. Royal arms G.R. 1721, with com-
mandments on either side, preserved in tower.
Two 15th cent, slabs with Latin cross, one to
a former rector. Matrices of two small brasses.
Coffin-lids much worn from exposure till recently
in churchyard. Armorial glass formerly in
chancel windows. Register, 1606. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1602.
Long Stanton, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
126 THE CHURCHES OF
The church about half a mile distant from Lo7ig
Stanton St. Michael ; the boundary now hardly
known. Chancel, nave, aisles, S. transept, S.
porch, embattled W. tower with lofty spire, three
bells. Chancel Dec, largely rebuilt. E. window
of five lights filled with stained glass, good flow-
ing tracery. Side windows two lights. Graduated
sedilia, with ogee heads foliated. Plain piscina,
with double drain. Small locker in E. wall and an
E.E. niche and sill of window in recessed arch in
N. wall.^ Chancel arch Perp. Priest's door with
good Dec. mouldingsandlow-sidewindowsoneither
side, formerly divided by mullions (blocked). A
door on N. side and brick vestry. Nave, four arches
on either side, with octagonal piers and good
moulded caps and bases. N. aisle narrow, with
lean-to roof, doorway, three Dec. windows and E.
window. Piscina with ogee head and image
bracket opposite. S. aisle Dec. S. transept or
chantry (Cheynes) chapel, appropriated by the
Hatton family, and converted into a mortuary in
1770, when its three fine, late Dec, windows were
blocked with masonry and walled off from the
nave. The partition wall has been recently
removed, the good Dec four-light windows
opened out and filled with glass, which includes
^ Some Hatton slabs have somewhat unnecessarily been lately
removed to N. chancel wall.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 127
some that is armorial. This exposes a canopied
wall niche in S.E. angle. Large and high table-
tomb, with recumbent effigies in alabaster of Sir
Thos. Hatton {ob. 1658) and Mary (Allington)
his wife (the line now extinct). Other memorials
to this family include a columbarium^ with its
niches containing coffins. S. doorway has mould-
ing continuous to the ground. A curious small
two-light window in angle, high up, suggests an
upper chapel and loft. The window and wall
arrangement of the S. side is a little singular,
pointing to a chantry chapel of former days.
Porch plain Perp., has stem of stoup. Octagonal
font late Dec, traceried panels of varied design,
and ornamented below. Octagonal stem on
square base with corner foot ornaments. Tower
and spire (with recently added lights) early
Perp., stair turret square on S. side, and tall
diagonal buttresses at angles. Chest late. At
end of N, aisle (' Hatton pew ') a piece of good
Renaissance carved work. Base of churchyard
cross remains on S. side. Register, 1672. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1873, ^'^'^^-'^^ 1 891.
[The Bishops of Ely had here a palace where
Bp. Cox entertained Queen Elizabeth.]
Long Stanton. — St. Michael : An E.E. village
church, beautiful in its simpHcity. Chancel,
nave, aisles, and porch, all well buttressed ;
128 THE CHURCHES OF
i
double bell-gable at W. end contains two bells.
Chancel (rebuilt 1883-4) retains E. triplet and
single side lancets, fine large double piscina with
intersecting arches, square head, and detached
shafts with moulded caps and bases ; also blocked
low-side window below S.W. lancet, aumbry and
priest's door. E.E. chancel arch has varied ter-
minations. Nave arches, four, have alternate
circular and octagonal piers, with moulded caps
and bases; the E. responds are corbel brackets,
one with double notch head. Nave restored
1889. Aisles have square-headed Dec. windows
and remains of original lancets. The E. end
displays two of three lights with restored tracery,
the roofs overgabled in transept form. N. and
S. doors E.E., hood mould and caps; on S. side
shafts destroyed, latter remain on N. Under
windows and over priest's door plain internal
string. Perp. porch, two-light square-headed
window either side, niche over door. W. Dec.
two-light window, finely proportioned, between
lofty buttresses. Roofs highly pitched, covered
with reed thatch, rafters trussed within. Modern
font. Monumental brass to Thomas Burgoyne
{od. 1470). Fine 13th cent, panelled oak chest
with pin hinge. The church underwent con-
siderable repair under Mr. Penrose in 1883-4 and
later. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1608.
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 129
Longstowe, S.W. of Cambridge.— 67. Mary:
Chancel, nave, N. chapel, S. porch, low embattled
W. tower, one bell (inscribed : ^^ Sancte Paule
Ora Pro Nobis'). Chancel E.E. Lancets remain
in walls. E. window of three lights, with stained
glass. A small chapel on N. side built by late
Captain Stanley; formerly there was a square
building having large window with wooden
mullions which served as mortuary. Nave trans.
E.E. to Dec, with S. transept, the arch having been
blocked and modern window inserted. Porch
Dec, niche over entrance and gable cross. Win-
dows mostly modern. Large 17th cent, table-tomb,
formerly placed within altar rails, had the effigies
3f knight, lady, and members of large family,
[t had an entablature charged with shields, and
-ested on six imitative Corinthian columns. In
I reduced form it is now in chancel ; the half-
ength statue of Sir Ralph Bobey [ob. 167 g)
•epresents him rising from the tomb, and laying
lold of an anchor let down by a hand from
.bove. A chapel adjoining parish church, built
)y Sir John Cage, was blown down 1719.
^ont plain octagonal, basin on round stem*
.ych-gate of oak erected 1896. Modern W.
' Dr. Raven mentions the second and third bells made bv
hristopher Graye, 1682-3 J being cracked, they were in 187I
mioved from bell-chamber.
130 THE CHURCHES OF
window. Body of the church with exception of
tower practically rebuilt 1863-4. [Formerly a
hospital here for poor sisters, temp. Henry HI.]
Register, 1569. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Madingley, N. of Cambridge (within park). —
St. Mary: Chancel, clerestoried nave, N. aisle,
N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower with
spire, three bells. Chancel E.E., with side
lancets and Dec. windows N. and S. E. window
modern. Good ancient glass. Lofty arch Dec,
with good moulded caps. Nave Dec, five arches
and aisle on N. side. Piers of four large and
four small shafts. Two original windows in N.
aisle wall and two in S. wall of nave, the
easternmost fine Dec, of three fights, with flow-
ing tracery. Roof Perp., with tie-beam, and
Perp. clerestory with five two-light windows.
E. and W. windows of N. aisle Perp. Inner S.
door has floriated hinges, and sculpture of royal
(Hanoverian) arms in wall over. N. inner door-
way good Dec, w^th continuous moulding. Perp.
porch in front of original Dec door. Lofty tower
arch acutely pointed and finely moulded. Original
nave roof was high pitched and without cleres-
tory. Tower and spire simple, but very good Dec.
Font ornamental Norm., with angle shafts brought
from dilapidated church of St. Etheldreda, Histon
(^.z'.). There are monuments to the Hindes anc
i
MADINGLEV, ST. MARY. FONT
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 131
Cottons. Some framed paintings. Register,
1539- Bp.'s Transcript, 1601. Restored, 1885.
[Madingley Hall, built by Lord Justice Hinde,
tevip. Henry VIII., was a cent, later partly
rebuilt and added to by materials from church
of St. Etheldreda, Histon, which Sir Francis
Hinde sacrilegiously demolished. The present
Madingley font was actually brought from the
Hall not many years since, displacing a modern
font. It has been claimed that the churchyard
was the scene of Gray's famous Elegy :\
Manea. — St. Nicholas (erected on site of
old church), opened 1875. Formerly a parochial
chapelry, now an ecclesiastical parish in the midst
of the Ely fens. Chancel, nave, N. transept, N.
aisle, vestry, and turret over chancel arch with
one bell. The old brick building, a chapel to
Coveney, rebuilt in 1791. It consisted of nave
and chancel, having round-headed windows and
an octagonal font. Register, 1708. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1645.
March. — St, Wendreda: Anciently a chapel
to Doddington, originally erected about 1343, and
partly rebuilt 1528. Chancel, clerestoried nave,
aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower and stone
spire, clock, six bells (all by Thos. Osborne of
Downham, Norf., 1802, with characteristic inscrip-
tions). The chancel, which had been modernised
132 THE CHURCHES OF
with rounded windows and lath and plaster
ceiling, was new^ly erected 1875, and a Corin-
thian altar-piece substituted for an E. window
and partially blocked chancel arch. E. window
of five lights, with flowing tracery and handsome
reredos. Three windows N. and S. in Dec.
style. Nave of five large and plain arches with
octagonal piers, 13th and 14th cents., and nine
clerestory Perp. windows. Fine oak roof elabor-
ately carved (late 15th cent.), has fine open
work with double hammer-beams and profusion
of angels with outstretched wings on ends of
hammer-beams and on corbels which carry in
niches a series of figures holding musical instru-
ments. The beams well moulded and enriched
with Tudor flower. The aisles, with porch added
in 1528, have good plain Perp. roofs; the original
aisles were narrower. Plain octagonal Perp.
font, cup shaped. Porch and S. doorway good
Perp. Mutilated stoup in right-hand corner.
Church wholly battlemented, parapets of aisles
have sunk quatrefoils. A line of quatrefoils runs
along basement of aisles and porch. At E. end
of nave are turrets with pinnacles. Tower good
early Perp. (c. 1400), with ribbed spire and
canopied windows. Under tower, beneath its
N. to S.W. half, is a passage with groined roof.
The E. wall cuts in two the W. arches of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 133
arcades. W. window late Dec, flowing tracery ;
other windows early Perp. On E. gable of nave
a sanctus bell-cot, canopy carried on four shafts.
Good Perp. clerestory windows display checkered
work and sunk panels of flint and stone. Good
gargoyles to porch and aisles, and pinnacles to
S. aisle. Gable cross over porch. Brasses — (i)
Wm. Dredeman (the donor of the magnificent
roof) and wife Joan, 1501 ; (2) Anthony Han-
sart (in armour with tabard) and wife Catherine,
1 5 17; (child mutilated), small kneeling figures,
shield of arms, with crests and representation
of Annunciation. A few fragments of 15th cent,
seats remain. In removing the old floors the
early bench-table or seat round the columns was
discovered, proving the level to have been origin-
ally much lower, and some earlier fragments.
Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
St. Mary's, ecclesiastical parish, formed 1868.
St. Johns, 1872.
St. Peters, 1881.
Melbourne, N.E. of Royston. — All Saints:
Chancel, nave, aisles, S. transept, S. porch with
room over, embattled W. tower and small spire,
clock, five bells. Chancel E.E. and Dec, E.
window Perp., three lancet windows on S. side,
some stained glass. Double piscina and aumbry.
Good carved seats. Chancel arch Dec, with
1
134 THE CHURCHES OF
sanctus bell turret above rood-loft entrance.
Nave five Dec. archeS; octagonal piers. An
early arch N. side, chevron pattern and colour.
Clerestory Perp. Transept Dec, with Perp. in-
sertions ; two tabernacle niches on E. wall, with
traces of colour and gilding. Aisles Dec. and
Perp. Inner arch of S. porch fine Dec, room 1
above entered by turret staircase. Fine Perp.
tower has W. door and window. Double
belfry windows, with four crocketed pinnacles.
Font Norm., basin, stem, and plinth octagonal.
Chancel and nave embattled. Monuments to
the Hatton and Hitch families. Register, 1558.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1884.
[Rectory was appropriated to monks of Ely
for increase of hospitality.]
Meldreth, S.W. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity:
Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. porch, embattled W.
tower with short spire, clock, five bells. Chancel^
E.E. and Dec. E. window of triplets, with
square-headed window over. Priest's door under
square head. Lancets in side walls have a
string beneath. Two stained glass memorial
windows. On N. side a niche or credence. Scroll-
colour foliage on piers of chancel arch (i5tb
cent.). Rood-screen Perp., with turret staircase.
Nave Dec. and Perp. Five arches with Perp.
piers. Clerestory Perp., two -light windows
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 135
under square head. Good open roof, with some
(15th cent.) decoration. Windows Dec, stained
glass. On N. side transition Norm, doorway,
with string along wall, cut to allow windows.
Aisle Perp., E. end restored 1887, when finials
to dripstone of window were carved with repre-
sentations of Queen Victoria and Bp. Alwyn
Compton. Font plain Perp. Fine tower arch,
four shafts on each side, tower transition Norm,
to E.E., with good windows, upper part Dec.
Porch Perp., large open windows. Large stone
coffin in church. The Mortlock family has a
vault. Formerly much painted glass, brasses,
&c. Register, 1681. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599-
Restored, 1842 and more recently.
Mepal, W. of Ely. — St. Mary: Chancel and
nave (with small chapel at N.E. corner). Good
double cot, one bell and gable; rebuilt 1849,
when the bell, being cracked, was re-cast. There
was a niche on either side of E. window, also
piscina. Parts of old E.E. walls were retained.
Church and chancel restored and reseated 1876-
1895. The present structure mainly E.E., with
single and double lancet lights. The three-
light E. window has weather table. Font plain,
square. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1606.
Milton, N.N.E. of Cambridge. — A// Saints:
Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W.
136 THE CHURCHES OF
tower, clock, three bells. Chancel Dec. Fine
Perp. graduated sedilia, cinquefoiled and double-
feathered. Double piscina, contracted and muti-
lated by insertion of sedilia. E. window late
insertion Dec, four lights. Windows N. and S.
late Perp., square headed. Good oak stalls with
misericords, said to have been brought from
King's College Chapel. On N. side a good late
brass of exceptional interest, on high table-
tomb to Sir Wm. Coke (ob. 1553) and wife Alice
(two sons and three daughters), remarkable for
having had orate p?'o aninia so late (this is to be
attributed to the recusancy of the family). Brass
to John Harris, four sons, three daughters, 1660
(mural). Chancel arch Norm., plain square
caps. Recess on S. side of chancel arch by
rood-screen (a squint). Nave early Dec, four
arches with good piers and caps. Former N.
aisle demolished and rebuilt when church re-
stored, 1864. S. aisle has somewhat the ap-
pearance of a transept. E. window has flowing
tracery. Plain piscina. In a niche by the side
fragments of alabaster figures, painted and gilt,
were found (now in Cambridge Archaeological
Museum). Porch a singular projection, inner
entrance being through W. nave arch. Font
plain octagonal, built into N. jamb. Tower late
Dec, two-light W. window. Monuments by
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 137
Chantrey (1829) and Flaxman (1800). Modern
glass windows. Few open benches, temp. Eliza-
beth. Some stained glass windows. Register,
1707. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Newmarket. — All Saints {^x^Q.\.^di 1876-7 on
site of older church). The ancient church of
Newmarket dedicated to St. Mary is in Suftblk.
All Saints, Dec, has an apsidal chancel, nave of
five bays, aisles, S. porch, vestry, embattled W.
tower (pinnacles), eight bells. There is an oak
screen, several stained glass windows, stone
pulpit, and fine oak lectern. Register, 1622.
Newton, S. of Cambridge. — St. Margaret:
An interesting church of irregular plan. Chancel^
clerestoried nave, transepts, N. porch, embattled
W. tower with projecting turret on S. side, three
bells.^ No chancel arch. Piscina simply a niche.
Transept arches E.E. Windows Dec, two lights.
In S. transept W. wall a lancet. In N. transept
an aumbry recessed. Transepts have good open
Perp. roofs. Nave Dec, with octagonal piers.
Good Perp. open roof and clerestory with win-
dows of two lights ; some of the windows have
singular tracery. Jacobean pulpit. E.E. font,
octagonal basin rests on five shafts, with circular
^ The second and third bells of particular interest as pre-
Reformation bells. The second by Bracker, who here, and at
Harston, places the inscribed letters backwards.
138 THE CHURCHES OF i
caps and square, circular, and octagonal bases.
Fine Dec. tower arch with deep continuous
mouldings. W. window of three lights Dec,
tower somewhat later. Perp. W. doorway.
Massive oak chest clamped with iron. Buttresses
have good weatherings. Stained glass windows.
Register, 1560. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re-
stored, 1 85 1.
Newton (in the Isle), N. of Wisbech. — St.
James, with ancient chapelr^^ of St. Mary-in-the-
Marsh. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S.
porch, W. tower with spire, clock, six bells.
Large chancel. Perp. E. window (and two
others) of stained glass, memorial to late Rev.
Dr. Corrie. Cinquefoil piscina under canopy.
Wide and plain chancel arch Perp. Modern
chancel screen, choir stalls, &c. Nave has five
Perp. arches, with circular piers and square
moulded caps; the bases and pillars seem to be
Norm. Clerestory Perp. Aisles have good Dec. 1
side windows of two lights, those E. of three 1
lights, with flowing tracery. The E. end of N. '
aisle formerly the Colville chantry chapel, the
family burial-place. All memorials to the Col-
villes, who lived here for centuries, have
disappeared. In each aisle a piscina, that in N.
aisle small and elegant. Octagonal and panelled
font Perp. Tower arch Dec, with octagonal
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 1 39
shafts and plain moulded caps. W. window of
three lights, with flowing tracery. S. porch Dec.
doorway ; the outer arch has triple shafts well
moulded. N. doorway plain Dec. Lower part
of tower Dec, with Perp. belfry. The chancel
buttresses of two stages pass into the gable,
those N. of nave into wall, those S. have coped
terminations. Several good memorial slabs. A
good gable cross. An E.E. coffin-lid serves as
part coping for churchyard wall. Register, 1685.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1879, 1893.
Oakington (Hokington), N.W. of Cambridge.
— vS/. Andrew: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch,
embattled W. tower, four bells. Chancel E.E.,
with original strings and single side-lights
(stained glass) trefoiled, with deep hood moulds.
The S.E. double-light window has plain circle in
head, those at S.W. and N.W. have divided low-
side window, blocked. E. window of four lancets
with stained glass (Sts. Andrew, Etheldreda,
Margaret, and Bernard). Marble reredos.
Priest's door carried high, with continuous
string. Piscina lost to sight. Old oak panelling,
with seat on S. side. Small elongated aumbry
raised some feet from floor level. On N. side
marks of former doorway. Roof decorated.
Chancel arch has half octagon responds, with
Perp. caps and mouldings. Nave of five bays,
140 THE CHURCHES OF
E.E. archeS; piers circular (painted) on S. side,
octagonal on N., with well-moulded caps; the
responds have Norm, impost mouldings. At E,
end of N. aisle two good canopy image niches.
In S. aisle double E.E. piscina (adjacent wall
opening blocked). Lancet at W. end of S. aisle
blocked. Square font E.E., with semicircular
arcading resting on five shafts. S. porch rebuilt,
good E.E. inner doorway with jamb shafts and
moulded caps ; wide N. doorway Perp. (blocked)
has square head over late arch, label in sub-arch
with spandrils, dripstone continued horizontally.
Tower Perp., with earlier work ; cornice below
parapet has variety of ornament and gargoyles.
Lower portion of good Perp. rood-screen (panels
with original painting) now at W. end of S. aisle.
Chest, clamped with iron, greatly decayed. Fine
armorial slabs to Robt. Audeley of Great Grands-
den (1654) ^^^ others. Fourteenth cent, coffin-
lids (three) built into interior N. and W. walls;
one with coffin stands in N. aisle. A fragment
of ancient alabaster reredos (now in Cambridge
Archaeological Museum). In a private garden
adjacent to the churchyard three noted Non-
conformist preachers are buried (1687-1711).
Register, 1561. Bp.'s Transcript, 1609.
Orwell, S.W. of Cambridge.— 5A Andrew:
Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, low embattled
\
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 141
W. tower, clock, five bells. Spacious Perp.
chancel (c. 1480) with good windows, transomed.
E. window large fine Perp., five lights. A small
piscina. Floriated incised cross slab. On N. side
at E. end under lean-to roof a chapel with piscina
and aumbry. Chancel roof (restored) has shields
and figures at the intersections bearing the arms
(faulty) of county families, vi;s. Burleigh, Mortimer,
Scrope, Tiptoft, D'Eschalers, and others in colour
(15th cent.), restored in 1883 from a blazoned
record preserved at Wimpole Hall. Good Perp.
stalls (once returned at W. end) some having carved
misericords. Rood-screen Perp., gone, stairw^ay
entrance to rood-loft remains. Chancel arch E.E.
or early Dec. Nave four similar arches, with clus-
tered columns and moulded caps ; those on S. side
have hood moulds, with good corbel heads. Clere-
story Perp., three lights, round headed, on each
side. Aisle windows large, have good tracery.
Those in S. aisle Perp., at W.end one Dec. N. aisle
E.E., modernised. N. doorway. Fragments of a
small rood carved in stone (13th cent.) with traces
of colour. The figures of Our Lord and St. John
(carrying his Gospel) very perfect. They were
found embedded in S.E. spandril of N. arcade.
Good open seats. S. porch, Perp., has open lights.
At W. end between tower and nave rounded shafts
at angle seem to point to an earlier Norm, church.
142 THE CHURCHES OF
E.E. font, circular, with good mouldings. Tower
E.E., with original lancet and two-light windows.
In churchyard a coped coffin-lid with skeleton
carved upon it. The massive altar-table now in
N. aisle is good Elizabethan carved oak, supported
on two legs with brackets. In chancel S. wall an
effigy of Dr. Jeremiah Radcliffe, one of the trans-
lators of the Bible 1 608-1 1 {ob. \^\V). Memorials
to Stubbs (Professor of Hebrew), Mason (Pro-
fessor of Mineralogy), former rectors. S. aisle
and porch (part) rebuilt on ver}^ deep foundations
1883. Register, 1560. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
[In this parish once stood Malton Church, long
since dilapidated.]
Over, W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: A
particularly good church of Dec. character.
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, W.
tower, with lofty octagonal spire (156 feet in
height), clock, six bells, sanctus bell. Chancel
of mixed styles (rebuilt 1840 by Trinity College),
now chiefly Perp. E. window, five lights, Perp.,
with good tracery, stained glass, displays old
Dec. arch and jambs. Modern string under sill
has a number of angels holding scrolls. N. wall
has three arched recesses divided by shafts, in
each a three-light Perp. window inserted. S.
side has two such windows. E.E. piscina, tre-
foiled with square head, built into projecting
ISs-^
OVER, ST. MARY, WINDOW, SOUTH AISLE
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 143
portion of wall, surmounted by embattled crest-
ing. Aumbry. N. and S. priest's door. Two
early Dec. low-side windows N. and S., facing
each other, square-headed trefoil (' Carnarvon ').
Stalls with misericords. Chancel arch E.E.,
shafts were apparently cut away when screen
erected in 15th cent. Screen has groined loft;
indiscreet painting and graining has seriously
injured it. It was at one time resplendent in
colour and richly gilt, and formerly had a cove
towards W. as well as towards E. At a later
time it was covered with whitewash and placed
under tower arch. Very good Jacobean pulpit
upon 14th cent, pedestal with canopy, traces of
colour. Nave six arches Dec, small, but well-
moulded piers of four octagonal shafts, divided
by a section of the arch moulding descending
to the base. Caps varied, circular, octagonal,
&c., the principal hollow being occupied by
grotesque heads. The abaci have battlemented
moulding. Arches richly moulded, having hoods
and good label heads. Clerestory windows Dec,
six on each side, of two lights, with moulded
jambs. Good open Dec. nave, roof high pitched,
of six bays. Corbels have each a canopied niche
containing a figure. N. aisle three early Dec. win-
dows of three lights of varying design. S. aisle
similarly treated, Westernmost windows have
144 THE CHURCHES OF
deeply moulded tracery and E.E. banded shafts.
Piscina (twelve-foil basin) appertaining to chantry,
founded 1 391. Early Perp. octagonal font, with
sunk shields in the panels of bowl, hexagon
base, and niches in shaft. Angels with open
wings surround base of the bowl, which is orna-
mented at the angles; one of its sides plain. It
is a very beautiful and uncommon variety of
enriched Perp. font, with elaborate cover, and
stands at W. end, near W. arch of N. aisle,
painted at one time stone colour. Stone wall
seat round church. Exterior of special interest,
S. porch in particular, which is very fine Dec.
Outer door has deep mouldings and jamb shafts,
open side lights with central shafts and good
tracery. A group of engaged shafts with em-
battled cresting above, from which rises an
octagonal pinnacle, with small angle shafts, form
the two side buttresses. Gable over outer door
embattled and ornamented by string, with ball
flower continued round sides along wall plates.
Nave and aisles battlemented, ball flower, leaf
ornament, and animal forms abound. S. aisle
has fine gargoyles, monkey with club, &c., string
round church exterior highly ornamented. E.E.
tower has buttresses at angles. Early Dec.
spire. W. door good Perp., square headed, with
canopies in the jambs. The architrave in its
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 145
wide hollow has a pedestal for statue and
crocketed canopy. Above is a representation
in stone of the Assumption, showing B. V. M.
surrounded by angels. The door and hinges are
original work. On either side are the arms of
Ramsey Abbey and (?) the Drapers' Company
(three tiaras). Dec. cot with sanctus bell re-
mains/^.y/V^/. Church at one time reed-thatchcd.
[Formerly chantries of Holy Trinity and B. V. M.,
also St. Catherine and St. Nicholas.] Register,
1577. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1840,
1864, and onwards.
Pampisford, S. of Cambridge. — St. John
Baptist (? Sts. Peter and Paul) : Chancel, nave,
N. aisle, S. porch (of wood), W. tower, spire,
clock, four bells. Chancel Dec, E. window
ijPerp. Cinquefoil piscina. Early 1 2th cent.,
»|Perp., tomb against N. wall having three front
'panels of shields in septfoils. Windows Dec,
square heads. Reredos and carved oak stalls,
lately provided, and organ upon carved oak
screen. Chancel arch Perp. Well-preserved
Perp. rood-screen. Nave of three arches, with
large piers trans. Norm, to E.E. Centre pier
[Circular, others octangular, with square caps.
Windows of nave and aisle Perp. Early Norm.
S. doorway has a curious semicircular sculptured
tympanum. On the curvature of lintel ten round
K
146 THE CHURCHES OF
headed arches, within which are figures, &c., in
connection with the history of St. John Baptist.
Font Norm. Tower early Dec. Carved oak
screen across tower arch. Several stained glass
windows. Register, 1565. Bp.'s Transcript,
1603. Restored, 1850, 1876-91.
Papworth Agnes, W. of Cambridge. — St.
Jo/in Baptist: Chancel, nave (rebuilt Dec. style
in 1854), N. porches, embattled W. tower, clock,
two bells. E. window three lights, stained
glass. Chancel arch good Perp., in previous
structure it was blocked. Four memorial win-
dows and tablets in nave to members of the
Sperling family. Tower rebuilt 1848, the old
Perp. tower arch and W. window being inserted.
Belfry new^ell staircase carried up to belfry floor
and hghted by two trefoil windows, has singular
opening resembling head of arched window. The
old font, plain octagonal, on a multangular shaft,
has been discarded, and is now in churchyard.
Register, 1570. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Papworth Everard, S.E. of Huntingdon. —
St. Peter: Chancel, nave, N. porch, embattled
tow^er on N. side with spire, one bell, and priest's
bell. The earlier church, Dec, had simply
chancel and nave, with modern bell turret.
Present church almost entirely rebuilt Perp.
style (1850). Tower attached to nave on S.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 147
side only (erected 1871). Spire added 1876.
E. window two lights, stained glass. Side
windows foliated lancets. Chancel arch good
Dec, with clustered columns and moulded caps.
Lofty narrow arch of similar design, which
carried old bell-cot at W. end. Font plain
ctagonal. Brass eagle lectern. N. and S.
oorways good early Dec, plain. Stained
lass memorial windows to the Cheere family,
y whom the extensive alterations were carried
iDut. Lych-gate and modern churchyard cross.
Register, 1565. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Parson Drove, S.W. of Wisbech. — St. John
[Baptist (an ecclesiastical parish formed, 1870,
(from Leverington). E.E. style. Nave, aisles,
jpj. and S. porches (chancel destroyed). Nave
ibf seven bays,' arches Perp., almost round, but
(vith slight point, on clustered piers with moulded
:aps, late. Clerestory windows square, three
ight, Perp. N. aisle late Dec. Windows of two
iights, some fragments of painted glass. Drip-
;tones have mask terminations. S. aisle modern-
sed. S. porch and doorway Perp. N. doorway
I.E., with Dec. shallow porch. Octagonal font,
^erp., panelled. Tower good Perp., with groined
'ault and panelled arch. There were five bells
a embattled W. tower. Register, 165 1. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1607.
148 THE CHURCHES OF
[At Parson Drove is the only untouched piece
of pre-Reformation plate in the county {c. 1500),
a paten, with vernicle, of considerable interest.]
Prickwillow. See p. 124.
Quy. See Stowe cum Quy, p. 164.
Rampton, N. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. porch, embattled W.
tower with diminutive spire, three bells (two pre-
Reformation). Chancel Dec.,^ with much debased
E. window, two mullions in modern brick wall only
remain. Four good Dec. two-light side windows.
Large double piscina. Square aumbry with
door and ironwork. In N. wall Dec. sepulchral
recess with effigy (clunch) in armour, formerly
richly coloured, sword half drawn ; possibly
Robert de ITsle, who held Rampton {temp.
Henry HI.). A Dec. string round N. and S.
walls, cut away in part for structural work.
Low-side window on S. side with stanchions and
cross bars, closed with shutter. Priest's door.
Oak panelled roof and ancient tie-beams (till
lately plastered ceiling). Chancel arch wide,
pointed trans. Norm., detached shafts, scolloped
caps and bases. The masonry bears marks of
rood-screen, &c. Nave has four low E.E. arches,
octagonal piers, boldly moulded caps and bases.
Westernmost arch Perp. S. aisle E. window good
Dec, with good 14th cent, glass (lately added),
^ Re-roofed and walls raised to original height a.d. 1910.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 149
which includes the Maria monogram, crowned,
&c. Small Perp. piscina, its projecting bracket
destroyed. Two S. aisle windows under square
heads of three and two lights, tracer}^ mutilated.
Windows on N. side (with exception of a two-light
Jacobean insertion, provided to give light to the
pulpit) are good Dec. The easternmost has
small narrow niche for image (by rood-altar) in
splay of window. N. door plain Dec. Nave has
(uncommon) fine Perp. timber Queen-post roof,
with tie-beams well moulded, ceiled within rafters,
formerly coloured, now oak stained (possibly
brought from Barnwell after the dissolution).
Pulpit and sounding-board fine Jacobean. Norm,
font, basin circular, quite plain, and well leaded.
It is mounted on small low Perp. font of clunch
in poor condition, which seems by its connection
with wall to have been placed in position when
tower and westernmost arch were constructed,
and did duty until the old font basin was re-
introduced. Lofty tower arch, good caps and
bases, W. window two lights, all good Perp.
Interesting fresco and other wall paintings on
N. side and over S. arcade. Fine 13th cent,
coffin slab (over coffin) with cross fleury and
Lombardic inscription to Sire Nicholas de Hunting-
dune. S. doorway Perp,, with quatrefoil orna-
ment in spandrils, and plain niche for image
above. There are fragments of old rood-screen
ISO THE CHURCHES OF
and bench ends preserved. Porch i8th cent.,
red brick. Tower Perp., with good Hghts, sun-
dial and gargoyles. Nave roof thatched with
reed. Register, 1678. Transcript at Ely begins
1599. The entire register has been printed by
present rector. Restored, 1 899-1910.
[Some of the tracery of fine original five-light
Dec. E. window has been recovered, which, to-
gether with the saddle-stones for gable crosses
and interesting fragments of pre-Norman and later
wrought stone, is deposited in tower basement.]
Reach, partly in Burwell and partly in Swaff"-
ham Prior parishes. (See Burwell, p. 18.)
Sawston, S. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: Chan-
cel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, embattled
W. tower, clock, eight bells. Chancel Perp., two-
light E. window, side windows of three lights, with
fragments of stained glass, opened lancets on N.
side. E.E. double piscina, traces of painting;
below a small trefoil recess, possibly an aumbry
of same date. Doorwa}^ leading into original
sacristy remains. Within altar rails (S. wall)
memorial with incised arms to Elizabeth Bradston.
Chancel arch Perp. On each side is a squint, that
on N. unusually small. Above that on S. side a
bracket, with carved male head ; opposite this,
within chancel arch, a cherub. Nave of five square-
edged arches, the three westernmost on each side
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 151
have semicircular Norm, caps, others squared.
Piers octangular and circular, those eastward
plain E.E. Roof Perp. Clerestory five two-light
windows, early Perp. N. aisle windows trans. Dec.
to Perp., those of S. aisle Dec, that at W. end
three-light Dec. On wall two brackets with heads,
one mutilated, with flowing tracery. E. window
of stained glass. S. chapel has trefoil-headed
piscina, aumbry, and bracket. At N.E. corner
of this aisle a doorway entrance to rood-loft.
Over door chancel side a sculptured head with
wings and uplifted hands, within the chapel a
carved head. Both aisles have rich Perp. par-
closes. N. of chancel two large tombs, debased
Perp., one elaborately canopied, helmet sus-
pended from a bracket. Several monuments
to the Huntingdon and Huddlestone families.
Upon walls of S. chapel seven brasses (four
original and three replicas of old) {c. 1420) ; a
civihan {c. 1480); a man in armour; man (in
armour) and wife (Robert and Joan Lockton),
with sons, four (missing), and five daughters {c.
1500); children in shrouds. Inscription only
de la Pole (1423), Huntingdon (1558-1564)-
Vested priest holding chalice (William Richard-
son, 1527). Slabs in nave floor with Lom-
bardic inscriptions. Jacobean mural monument
with male and female figures on either side of
152 THE CHURCHES OF
faldstool (i6i6). Font plain octangular, near it
on S. side a chrismatory niche. Tower arch fine
Dec, with clustered shafts. W. window of two
lights. Tower Dec, with well-arranged but-
tresses. Porch earl}' Perp. S. doorway. Re-
gister, 1640. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored,
1870-1, 1878-91.
Shelford, Great, S. by E. of Cambridge. — St,
Mary : Church rebuilt (1387) by Thos.de Patesle,
vicar ((?^. 141 8); a brass on chancel floor com-
memorates him ; inscription lost, also lower part
of effigy figure ; has good canopy and shields of
arms. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch
(with room over), W. embattled tower with
small wooden spire, five bells. E. window
stained glass, N. and S. windows fine three-light,
formerly blocked. Piscina and sedilia S. side.
Aumbry N. side. Chancel stalls a memorial
to late Peter Grain. Fine Perp. rood-screen,
loft opening on N. side of chancel arch. N. wall
of chancel, six stone panels carrying shields of
arms (1596, 1603) of Torrell, Redman, and
Gouldwell families. Two others on S. wall.
Over chancel arch remains of Doom painting,
well-nigh obliterated. Nave of four arches with
octagonal piers, with caps and corbels. N. aisle
has a parclose; a small piscina. In S. aisle a
trefoil E.E. piscina. Windows all good Perp.,
\
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i53
three lights. Those at W. end of aisles later.
Some fragments of good stained glass. Good open
roofs. N. doorway early Dec. Font octagonal,
instruments of Passion carved on shields, and
roses and arms, with stem, may have had shafts.
Fine Jacobean pulpit, dated 1636, with sounding-
board. Tower arch on single piers, sculptured
angels on caps. S. porch has good doorways,
and groined roof with ornamental bosses, stone
seat on either side. On S. side of chancel arch,
behind pulpit, small niche. Priest's chamber had
an inner door opening into the church, which
has been walled up; an outer door westward
was reached by a ladder. Tower square below
and octagonal above, with louvres on four sides
and window panels on other four. The earlier
steeple, blown down 1703, and again in 1798
(it had then a spire 45 feet high). Above chancel
roof circular rood turret with staircase. The
entire exterior is battlemented. Niches over
porch. Sundial dated 1789. On chancel buttresses
are three crosses, two in flint, third brick.
Several stained glass windows, also brass in-
scription to John Redman, and shield of arms.
Register, 1557. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re-
stored, 1862, 1886-90.
Shelford, Little, S.E. of Cambridge. — -^//
Saints : Chancel, nave, S. chapel, S. porch, W.
154 THE CHURCHES OF
tower, spire, five bells. Chancel Dec. E.
window modern, of three lights (having shafts
with moulded caps and string beneath), has
stained glass representing Crucifixion. Lofty
chancel arch, E.E., of clustered shafts under a
hood mould. Good Dec. modern window two
lights, over sedilia. On S. side the sill forms the
sedile. There is a trefoiled piscina. Under richly
moulded ogee canopy, with crockets, finials, and
pinnacled buttresses, a table-tomb (late Dec.)
with recumbent effigy of Sir John de Freville
{temp. Edward II.) in armour; on wall at back
an inscription in Norm. French. Near it a
recessed monumental arch, early Dec, enclos-
ing Perp. doorway leading into small Perp.
sacristy, where, by E. window, are three piscina
drains. Chancel stalls have traceried panels and
a cresting, the panels being enriched with Freville
arms. N. and S. windows large, five lights,
with stained glass under low hood, arch having
grotesque corbel heads. Some good carved work.
In wall near northernmost(chancel) arch is the rood
staircase. N. door blocked. A small window
above has old stained glass. The chapel, Perp.,
raised three steps above level of church floor,
is entered by a four-centred arch with continuous
mouldings. Good E. window of four lights. S.
window five lights, with good tracery. A mural
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE I55
brass conveys the information that it " belongs
to the Lords of the Manour." In S.E. corner
a canopied niche containing seated figure, close
by an elaborate piscina with deep basin, drain
well to front. There are mutilated heads and
shield. Below is a small arch. On N.W. side
a bracket and mutilated carvings of cherubim
and shield. A squint looks from S. chapel into
chancel, now blocked. Nave two large Perp.
and two late Dec. windows. Jacobean pulpit,
hexagonal, sounding - board in sacristy (date
1633), where also is part of old rood-screen.
Octagonal font Dec, on four shafts and central
stem, stands against S. jamb of tower arch.
Tower Dec. Good W. window. In S.W. angle
some stone fragments worked in with the flints.
Built into wall of porch is a coffin-lid with cross,
and interlacing pattern in low relief. Close by
a number of 12th cent, coffin slabs and later
fragments, with cross in low reHef. On exterior
S. wall of chancel a blocked lancet. Churchyard
cross restored. There are other memorials in
the chapel, and on floor two small good brasses
with effigies to Robert de Freville {ob. 1393) and
wife; to his son Thos. de Freville {pb. 1405)
and wife. In nave small brass effigy of priest,
John Gate, rector {c. 1445)- Register, 1686.
Bp/s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1878-9.
156 THE CHURCHES OF
Shepreth, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
Chancel, nave, N. porch, low W. tower, three
bells. Chancel Dec. Norm, chancel arch with
round architrave. On each side a recess, the
S. pierced as a squint. Nave of four arches
Dec. Piers of four semicircular shafts, with two
fillets and a hollow between each. Windows late
insertions. Nave has recently been rebuilt. North
porch has been removed, the inner door trans.
Norm, to E.E. During repairs two stone coffins
were found on N. side, one contained a small
pewter chalice. Octagonal font, fine trans, from
Norm, to E.E., with central and angular shafts.
Massive tower, Dec. and E.E., now little more
than half original height. The broken material -
has been used to build churchyard wall. Register,
1569. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. I
Shingay, N.W. of Royston. — St. Mary {ecclesia '
destructa) : Formerly here a preceptory of Knights
Templars, subsequently of the Knights Hos-
pitallers. No trace of the building remains;
a dry moat only surrounds the site. The private
chapel of preceptory used as parish church, which
was, wholly or in part, rebuilt (1523) by Sir
Thos. Sheffield. After removal of buildings (in
1697) a small chapel of three bays (without
chancel) in the Italian style, and dedicated to
St. Mar}^, was erected b^' Lord Sandys in 1737
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i57
on an adjacent site. This building continued to
be used until it became ruinous. About 1820
the materials appropriated for secular purposes.
Chapelry annexed to rectory of Wendy. A new
church built in E.E. style, dedicated to All Saints.
Some tablets in chancel, arms over W. door, and
a foundation-stone, all from previous building,
are in new church. Register, vide Wendy.
Shudy Camps, S.E. of Cambridge.— 5/. Mary :
Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, five
bells. Chancel Perp., lower part of walls and S.
doorway Dec. Nave Perp., with windows of three
lights. Cinquefoil piscina in S.E. wall. Base of
octagonal font plain Perp., partially built into wall,
upper part modern. Doorways, porch, and tower
plain Perp. In spandrils of W. window are
curious representations of Blessed Virgin Mary
and Child, and a warrior with spear and shield.
In chancel are monuments of the Dayrells. Re-
gister, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1604. Restored,
1870-91.
Snailwell, N. of Newmarket. — St. Peter: The
low round tower and high-pitched roof gives the
church a somewhat peculiar appearance. Chan-
cel, nave, aisles, S. porch, circular W. tower
Norm, (a recent vestry), three bells, one pre-
Reformation. Chancel Dec. On N. side high
canopied tomb. In S. wall low transomed Dec.
158 THE CHURCHES OF
windoW; with two lights. Handsome modern
reredos. Chancel arch Dec. (niche). Nave
three arches Dec, with octagonal piers. On N.
and S. side a Perp. parclose. N. aisle windows
Dec, of three lights ; one has internal jamb shafts
and dripstone with terminal corbel heads. S.
aisle has lancets, a triplet at W. end, and Dec
and Perp. window. Porch Perp. Mutilated
stoiip. The round tower one of two remaining in
county. It seems formerly to have been battle- >
mented and had small low spire. Dec. font octa- 1
gonal. Stone coffin (i 5th cent.) containing skeleton •
of priest found during restoration in wall of S. (
aisle. There are several glass windows and mural
decoration. Register, 1629. Restored, 1878-9.
Soham, N.E. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew: A
fine cruciform church of 12th cent. Chancel
with two chapels on N. side (used as vestries),
clerestoried nave, aisles, transepts, N. and S.
porches, embattled W. tower with pinnacles,
clock, ten bells. Chancel walls E.E., with good
rib string on N. and S. walls. Windows Dec
Fine E. window of five lights, stained glass, on
either side a niche with traces of painting. N.
wall has painting of a bishop in act of bene-
diction. Sedilia and piscina on S. side. Three
windows on S. side, the westernmost of three
lights, others of two. Reredos, screen, and stalls
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 1 59
modern. Ten old stalls Dec, with misericords
with quaintly designed carvings. The N. chapel
arch has its pier caps battlemented, and the
architrave hollows ornamented with roses. In
easternmost chapel (? St. John Baptist) an old
altar slab fixed in E. wall. Two-light E. window,
Dec, has fragments of old stained glass. In N.
wall a single-light Dec. window, and single lancet
blocked on S. side. Stone corbels. The ancient
door from chancel has massive wood lock.
Aumbry near floor in W. wall. The other chapel
has three-light Perp. windows on N. side, and a
monument to Ed. Burnes and wife (Drurye) 1598.
At entrance is a fine Perp. parclose screen, at one
time richly gilt. At W. entrance a Dec arch;
those on N. and S. sides have their piers muti-
lated. A central tower seems to have been
originally planned. The four arches spring from
semicircular responds with enriched caps and
plain bases, trans. Norm, to E.E., the W. arch
has dog-tooth and other moulding. Stone stair-
case to this tower has a round arch opening, and
recess for window on N. and E. sides. A square
string course over central tower arch in both
transepts. A small window over S. arch with
Norm, pilasters. S. transept has good E.E.
double piscina with dripstone heads, each tran-
sept had triple lights originally, the walls being
i6o THE CHURCHES OF
trans. Norm., they now have inserted Perp.
windows. N. transept has sepulchral recess,
an ogee arch double-feathered with crockets and
finials, and roses in hollows, the front panelled.
Small trefoil piscina by side of this monument,
upper part directed westward. N. window Perp.,
battlemented transoms. Nave five arches each
side, trans. Norm., with moulded caps and bases.
Piers alternately round and octagonal. An addi-
tional bay at W. end is plain Perp. Clerestory
has five- and three-light Perp. windows, with
string course as far as fourth bay. Roof of oak
has six tie-beams (with open work panelling),
which alternate with single hammer-beams
having angels and ornamental cornice ; the wall
pieces have carved figures in niches, and rest on
oak corbels. There are some fine open benches
(15th cent.), with interesting poppy heads of
various designs. Aisle windows Dec. and Perp.
Small aumbry at E. end of S. aisle. Roof span-
drils have good carved work, foliage, animals,
&c., and corbels in wood and stone. N. aisle roof
similar character. Royal arms. Font modern.
Tower arch very lofty. S. porch (groined roof
originally) has two-light Dec. window, and stone
seat on either side. N. porch, interior panelled
in six divisions on each side, has a stoup. Two-
light Dec. window, and stone seat on each side.
SOHAM, ST. ANDREW. CENTRAL ARCHES
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i6i
Oak roof and corbels. Door has good arch with
hood. The fine Perp. tower (lOO ft. high) panelled
with flint and stone, ornamented in upper stage.
W. door with square head has spandrils filled with
quatrefoils and large Perp. window above. Belfry
staircase door has ornamented spandrils. Brasses
Robins {pb. 1608) and wife, Thornton and wife
(Drurie) 1 598. Over N. porch entrance a cinque-
foil niche and crocketed canopy, with panelled
buttresses finished with large finials. Large
sundial. Aisles have cornices ornamented with
roses. Register, 1558. Restored, 1879-80.
[Barway. — St. Nicholas: Hamlet chapel Dec,
formerly thatched, chancel, and nave. Plain
octagonal font and stoup niche, otherwise no
particular interest.]
Stapleford, S.S.E. of Cambridge. — St.
Andrew: Chancel, nave, aisles, N. transept,
S. porch, W. tower with spire, five bells. Chan-
cel E.E. E. window of three lights good Perp.,
stained glass representing Crucifixion. Chancel
arch excellent Norm. Lancets in wall N. and
S. Perp., window under square head, S. side.
Priest's door. Double piscina Dec. Nave five
arches Dec, with low octagonal piers, windows
late Dec. Transept small, has large Perp.
window, one Dec Single piscina in N. and S.
aisle. Spacious S. porch fine Dec, with double
i62 THE CHURCHES OF
gablets at end of coping. During restoration,
a stone coffin containing remains of vested priest
discovered within the church near porch. The
small chalice and paten of pewter are preserved
in the church. Tower E.E., of good design,
well built windows, mostly Dec. Small inscribed
effigy brass to Wm. Lee, vicar for 43 years
{pb. 1617), in civiHan dress. Ancient iron-bound
chest with four locks (15th cent.). Font octa-
gonal. Two interesting sepulchral stones, un-
earthed during recent restoration, are of some
interest, (i) A small 13th cent, coffin stone,
upon the face of which is a singular form of
cross device in high relief. An upper and lower
lozenge ornament, the perpendicular line of which
runs the entire length of the stone, and this has
in the centre four transverse bars. (2) A 12th
cent, monumental stone, perhaps the base of
an upright cross, bearing the familiar interlaced
design on its two faces and an embattled pattern,
and interlaced work on the sides. Register, 1598.
Bp's Transcript, 1 599. Restored, 1 866-8 and later.
Steeple Morden, N.W. of Royston. — Sts.
Peter and Paul: The lofty tower of this church
which fell (temp. James II.) destroying cleres-
tory and chancel (never rebuilt), gave the parish
its distinctive name. Chancel, nave, aisles, S.
porch, low S. tower with shingle spire, one bell.
SOHAM, ST. ANDREW. TOWER, ETC.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 163
Chancel arch E.E., caps. Lower part of good
Perp. screen. Nave of tliree arches on S. side
and four on N. E.E. to Dec, with moulded caps
and clustered columns. N. aisle Perp. S. aisle
Dec, with string course round interior. Octa-
gonal font Dec, moulded. Porch Dec, with
double niche over entrance. Low tower for
single bell was built over same consequent upon
fall of tower. There is some good Jacobean
woodwork. One of the pews has the date 1686.
Good open seats. Matrix of fine 14th cent, brass
and other despoiled slabs. Register, 1675. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1869.
Stetchworth, S.W. of Newmarket. — St. Peter:
Chancel, nave, aisles, embattled W. tower with
pinnacles, five bells, two pre-Reformation, in-
scribed. Chancel E.E., with large Perp. E.
window, six small hooded lancets. Nave of
three arches Perp., piers each of two columns,
some caps battlemented, aisles Perp. In S. aisle
E. end good vaulted Perp. niche. On N. side
Dec. piscina. In aisles four quatrefoil windows
and four good brackets, one of which represents
some monster. Font. Perp., of uncommon char-
acter, four graven heads (perhaps portraits)
wearing hoods. There is a fine monument or
white marble, wath effigies (3) on background of
black marble, erected by 2nd Baron Gorges (and
i64 THE CHURCHES OF
wife) of Dundalk (who are represented in mourn-
ing attitudes) to son Henr}^ [pb. 1674), Other
memorials. Register, 1666. Bp.'s Transcript,
1599. Restored, 1894.
Stowe cum Quy {alias Quy), N.E. of Cam-
bridge.— St. Majy: Chancel, clerestoried nave,
aisles, S. porch, W. tower, five bells, modern
sanctus bell-cot of red brick. Chancel ascended
from nave by two steps. E. window of three lights
Dec, on N. side similar window. On S. side three-
light Perp. and two-light Dec. windows. Niche
in E. wall. N. side has traces of colour. Rood-
screen Perp., five divisions, has been partially
restored. On S. side remains of rood staircase.
Squint on N. side of chancel arch blocked. Nave
of four arches Dec, one E.E. with dog-toothing
at S.E., half of its W. pier of one style, half the
other. Piers of four semicircular shafts, with
two fillets and hollows between. They have to
some extent the appearance of incomplete orna-
mentation (dog-toothing, &c.). Clerestory Perp.,
four two-light windows on each side. At E. end
of aisles were chantries, Perp., possessing tran-
sept character in a slight projection N. and S.
A good three-light transomed window in N.
aisle. Small piscina in N. aisle, a stoup just
inside N. door half-covered by seats, above
which a tablet commemorates reopening of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 165
churcli in 1880; window of N. aisle blocked
to receive modern monument. S. aisle piscina
(no drain). One window Perp. insertion, others
Dec, mainly as in N. aisle. Octagonal font
Perp., with plain shields between octofoils, basin
supported by angel heads. Large chest clamped
with iron, formerly at W. end of S. aisle, now
destroyed. Brass with effigies of man in armour
(John Anstey) c. 1465 (wife gone), twelve sons,
four daughters (missing) ; the sons w^ear tabards
bearing the Anstey arms. Brass with arms, and
inscription to Edward Stern 1641. Other brasses
formerly here. Some 17th cent, slabs to Laurence
family. Tablets to Ambrose Martyn (Thomas
Martyn rebuilt chancel on smaller scale c> 1740).
Remains of wall paintings. Loose stone frag-
ments (heads, &c.) resting on window sill. Tower
arch and W. window Dec. In N.W. corner small
doorway to belfr}^, small square light in E. tower
of wall. Fine window N.W. exterior, with good
tracery and dog-toothing. Remains of an arch in
wall. Fine gable cross E. end of chancel. An
altar-cloth (at the Hall) of curious workmanship, a
possible survival of pre-Reformation days. An-
other church (6V. Nicholas) once existed on the
fen border in this parish. Jeremy Collier, the
non-juror, was born here. Register, 1650. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1879-82.
1 66 THE CHURCHES OF
Stretham, S.W. of Ely. — St, James: Chancel
(with modern vestry), nave (with modern cleres-
tory), aisles (with chapels), S. aisle modern, S.
porch, W. tower w^ith spire, clock, five bells.
The church has been so thoroughly restored and
added to that several old features are lost. The
S. aisle is an addition, and the present S. porch
occupies the place of a wooden porch which
had some interesting work. N. porch destroyed.
E. window Dec, five lights, stained glass.
Marble reredos. Two Dec. side windows. On
S. side window sill is carried low for seat. On
N. side is an oblong aumbry. An acutely pointed
arch on N. side marks the tomb of Nicholas de
Ryngestone, rector, temp. Edward I. A slab with
Lombardic inscription on floor. On same side,
westward, a wide arch separates vestry by screen.
A corresponding arch on S. side and beyond are
together with aisle and porch additions. Fine
carved rood-screen Perp., restored. Nave of four
arches on N. side, with octagonal moulded piers and
good corbel heads, windows square headed, under
arch, of three lights. New S. aisle made to cor-
respond exactly, except that the piers are cir-
cular. An examination of some masonry of the
old church, now in rectory garden, shows that
anciently these w^ere trans. Norm, piers (mono-
liths). Modern octagonal font, resting on eight
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 167
shafts and central column. A late rector's tomb
in recess of N. chapel, before ground taken into
church, was in churchyard. N. and S. Dec.
windows in chapels, with arches communicating
with nave. Tower arch very fine, acute, and
lofty, with continuous mouldings and good bases.
W. window Dec. (not central), particularly good.
Monumental brass with effigy to Joan Swan
(pb. 1497). She wears the square wimple, and
has ring on finger of right hand. Her sons,
John and Richard Ryphingham, were successively
rectors of Stretham. Inscription lost ; the fine
canopy has brass reaved. Other monuments to
Anna, daughter of Dean Wren and wife of Dr.
Brunsell. Two fine coffin-lids (i) Qy. a mitred
figure holding crozier, (2) a floriated cross. In
porch walls are some fragments of early (and
later) carved stone appertaining to the old church.
Good N.E. doorway, has dripstone heads. Tower
remarkably good. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1602. Restored, 1876-87.
[Fine stone cross on highway E. of church,
the octagonal base ornamented with quatrefoils,
the top has four niches, with pedestal for images,
c. 1400.]
[Thetford, a hamlet, two miles N.E. of Stret-
ham.— St. George: Interesting 14th cent, chapel,
which has suffered from repeated restoration.
i68 THE CHURCHES OF
Nave partially rebuilt and enlarged. Porch
added 1863, vestry built 1885. Nave, formerly
separated from chancel by solid wall, having small
Dec. doorway, with squint openings on either
side; above were three Dec. brackets for images,
all now destroyed. Chancel has Perp. E. window
of three lights, side windows two lights. Marble
reredos. Piscina with shelf. Good roof corbels.
Priest's door and good string, which is also seen
in nave. Nave has two square-headed Dec.
windows N. and S. of three lights under arch,
with flowing tracery, and two - light windows
N. and S. at W. end. Good octagonal font Dec,
with four projecting heads; probably they re-
present four Queens of Ely. Doorways quite
plain. W. window good Dec, flowing tracery,
has hood mould with labels. E. window good
dripstone heads. The chapel was formerly
thatched. W. turret has one bell, formerly at
Ely House Chapel in Holborn. Bp.'s Transcript,
1 599-]
Stuntney, S.E. of Ely. — Holy Cross: Chapelry
and ecclesiastical parish. In its way a little gem
of Norm, architecture, greatly dimmed by repeated
and injudicious 'restoration.' Chancel, nave, S.
porch, embattled W. tower, clock, one bell.
Chancel was formerly separated from nave by
a tliick wall, in which a small Norm, arch with
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 169
zigzag mouldings and shafts, having foh'ated
caps, was inserted. Doorways good Norm., with
zigzag and billet mouldings. The north door-
way (which had been blocked) conesponding to
that on S. side was actually taken bodily out
of its original position and placed on S. side of
chancel, while the semicircular chancel arch was
placed a little lower down, where it forms a sort
of apology for an opening into an organ chamber.
The very stones seem to cry out for restitution
and replacement. The windows are largely
modern. W. window single light Dec. Over
it the double gable opening, intended for the
bells, was utilised as a two-light lancet window
to light the gallery. Font good Norm., circular,
with large escallops. The present character of
the building is completely altered. Good E. Perp.
gable cross. The church was badly ' restored,'
in part, in 1876. The old Norm, nave was pulled
down, a new and larger one built ; the tower was
similarly treated. The great weight and wide
span of new roof and uncertain foundations was
disastrous. Further restoration being under-
taken, nave of lesser span with side aisles was
built, the Norm, doorways (3) being re-set. Re-
gister, 1545. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600
Sutton, W. of Ely. — 5A Andreiv : A fine, well-
proportioned Perp. church, possibly the work of
170 THE CHURCHES OF '
Bp. Barnet (1366-73), whose arms, and probably
his portrait, appear on carved bosses on porch
roof. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S.
porch, fine W. tower with fifteen pinnacles and
a conical spire, clock, six bells. Chancel Perp.,
with earlier traces, has fine E. window of five
lights filled stained glass, with a niche on either
side containing lately added figures of Sts.
Andrew and Etheldreda. Three large windows
N. and S. Reredos of Caen stone. Piscina and
sedilia have had their canopies destroyed. On
N. side a low pointed arch. Low stone bench
on all sides. A newel staircase to rood-loft in
pier on N. side of chancel arch. Traces of rood-
screen in choir seats. Nave of six lofty arches,
piers semicircular, and octagonal shafts with
fillets, hollows between. The large windows
throughout of like character with those of chancel,
all inserted under lofty arches with responds.
In S.E. corner of S. aisle a large elegant piscina,
over which is a fine niche with mutilated full-
sized figure of Our Lady of Pity ; traces of gilt
and colour remain. Stone seat full length of each
aisle. Quaintly carved corbels to roof The
porch with groined roof has chamber above.
The arms of Bp. Arundell, who followed Bp.
Barnet, are on one of the bosses. Octagonal
font Perp., ornamented below basin. Good open
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 171
benches with poppies. Some good glass. W.
doorway square headed, with spandrils of quatre-
foils, over which is a band of quatrefoils with
large Perp. window above, and another band of
quatrefoils. Nave, aisles, and porch embattled.
Singularly constructed tower, square at base,
octagonal above, crowned by smaller lantern
turret with pinnacles at angles. Register, 1558.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1869.
Swaffham Bulbeck, N.E. of Cambridge. — St.
Mary: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, two
porches, W. tower, six bells (re-cast out of old
four by Taylor of St. Neots 1820, quaintly
inscribed). Chancel good Dec, well disposed
tracery in large windows. S. side piscina and
sedilia. Fine recessed table-tomb on S. side
under rich arch. Nave of four arches, octagonal
piers. Clerestory late Perp. At E. end of N.
aisle (by vestry) entrance to rood-loft stairway,
and at the side a rectangular opening in wall,
and standing beneath it a stone coffin, having
floriated cover. Piscina in aisle. Some good
open benches, Perp., in nave and aisles, mutilated,
with carved poppy heads; birds, animal forms,
&c. Late 15th cent, cedar chest, of unusual
interest, possibly unique, apparently of Flemish
workmanship, handsomely carved, but history
unknown ; upon inside of lid (the background of
1/2 THE CHURCHES OF
wiiich is sunk and cross hatched) is a painted
representation of (i) the Crucifixion as a centre-
piece (a crowded group with angels and the two
thieves ; the soul of right-hand thief received by
an angel, the soul of left-hand thief by a devil).
Within a circle on either side are representations
of (2) Assumption of Our Lady, (3) the Resurrec-
tion (with soldiers, and tw^o attendant angels hold-
ing implements of the Passion). At each corner
of centre-piece are emblems of the Evangelists;
figures are in sharp relief.^ Towner earlier than
rest of church. Tower arch characteristic. W.
window an E.E. triplet. String round church
interior has terminal head at N. door. Octagonal
font. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Restored, 1876-7, 1884-91.
Swaffham Prior, W. of New^market. — Two
churches in one churchyard, viz. (i) Sts. Cyriac
and Julitta (child and mother), (2) St, Mary, In
regard to the use made of these churches, it is
a tale of turn and turn about. St. Cyriac, for years
dilapidated, rebuilt ('an ugly structure' when
Lysons wrote in 18 12), the tower remaining. The
church of St. Mary had then been pulled down.
All has now been altered. Recent extensive
^ In an old MS. inventory of the 14th cent, we find at Swaff-
ham Bulbeck " Itm j bona cistra ferro ligata ex dono Thoe
Bottesham de lenn p con^uacoe f custodia libro^."
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 173
work has resulted in the removal of main portion
of St. Cyriac (with the stained glass W. window
of S. aisle, brasses, and other memorials), the
materials or proceeds being used in the re-instate-
ment of St. Mary's and the conversion of ground
floor of St. Cyriac's tower, square below and
octagonal above, into a cemetery chapel. It seems
to have been copied from St. Mary's, the lower
courses of masonry of red brick being in alternate
squares with grey stone. Previously St. Mary's
consisted of clerestoried nave, aisles, and tran-
septs, W. tower, W. porch. St. Cyriac, a small
chancel, nave, aisles without transepts, and tower
having embattled polygonal lantern, six bells.
Tower of St. Mary's in lower part Norm., in
upper E.E., square at base, and as it rises at
every stage, the angles reach the octagonal
form ; it then becomes sixteen-sided, ending in a
spire (now wanting). The four arches, Perp., of
both aisles remain with battlemented caps. The
chancel of St. Mary's, which has some remains
of Norm, work in the walls (has stained glass
windows), restored 1878 under Sir Arthur
Blomfield, who also designed the handsome
15th cent, screen. Porch at W. end of tower,
Perp., has groined roof. Several interesting
memorials. The brasses are (i) John Tothyll,
in armour, and wife, 1462. (2) Richard Water
174 THE CHURCHES OF
and wife, four sons (the daughters lost). (3)
Wm. Water and wife, six sons (the daughters
missing), 1521. (4) Man and wife, 1530. (5)
Robert Chambers (in topboots), 1638. Sir
John Ellys, Master of Caius College {pb. 171 6),
is buried here. The old font re-erected on new
base after having formed part of a rockery for
many years. The church of St. Mary, after
recent restoration, has once again assumed some-
thing of its ancient character. Altogether the
churches of Swaffham Prior have passed through
strange vicissitudes. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 161 3.
Swavesey, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew:
A fine interesting church, originally attached to
adjacent priory (a cell to the Abbey of Sts. Ser-
gius and Bacchus, in Normandy). Chancel with
S. aisle and N. vestry, clerestoried nave, aisles,
S. porch, W. tower, six bells. Walls of chancel
E.E., with original strings. Perp. E. window,
five lights, canopied niche on either side. Hand-
some modern reredos, and original altar-slab
marked with crosses. Perp. windows on N. side,
on which side are two doorways, one to vestry,
other in unusual position close to E. end, which
probably led to priory. On S. side sedilia and
piscina, very rich Dec, having quatrefoil arches
and clustered shafts. Aumbry at extreme end
SWAFFHAM PRIOR, (l) ST. MARY, (2) STS. CYRIAC AND JULITTA
(Ptez'ions to recent restoration)
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 175
of chancel. Two E.E. arches open into cliapel,
the central pier circular, with large moulded cap,
responds octagonal. Chancel floor has been
considerably raised. Chancel arch E.E., with
hood moulding. Modern stalls from old designs.
Modern rood-screen good Perp. N. chantry a
prolongation of the aisle. S. chantry mainly E.E.,
considerably elevated, larger than chancel. E.
window of five lancets within outer arch, with
jamb shafts. Sedilia late Perp., four central
arches, and cusping. Piscina marks position of
old altar steps. In S. wall, at extreme end, a low
opening. In the thickness of wall, low down,
some remains of E.E. work, perhaps parts of
sepulchral recess to a de la Zouche, who endowed
the chantry; both chantries are enclosed by
modern oak screens. A lancet at E. end of aisle
has Perp. tracery ; if answering the purpose of
low-side window, at an uncommon elevation.
An adjacent E.E. piscina, remarkable for its low
position. N. aisle separated from chancel aisle
by low wall. A window here has trefoiled head,
and square dripstone without. The two-light
windows lower down aisle originally E.E. lancets,
afterwards filled with Perp. tracery. E.E. string
beneath windows. Perp. windows have tran-
soms. Timber roof and seats specially good.
Nave six lofty arches, with Perp. piers formed
176 THE CHURCHES OF
of two small shafts with divisional mouldings,
and small ascending shaft without bases in the
jambs. The caps which cut string course of
clerestory formed by corbels above. Tower
arches opening into nave and aisles (the latter
prolonged to W. wall limit) remarkably good
E.E. Piers octagonal, with deeply-moulded caps
and ornamental string. Font octagonal, very
good Perp., with panel shields upon bold shaft
with prominent ribs. At W. end of N. aisle
large stone coffin with double Omega emblem on
lid. By wall on S. side near the font are other
coffin covers. In S. aisle monument to the Cutts
family (1631) with long inscription. S. porch,
E.E., has richly moulded inner door and smaller
bases to jamb moulding. Hood of outer door
terminates with ornamental work. Arches of
S. aisle windows have mask dripstone termina-
tions. The fine E.E. tower largely loses its
character in late Perp. Well-carved gargoyles.
Register, 1576. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re-
stored, 1867.
Tadlow, N.W. of Royston.— 5/. Giles : Chan-
cel, nave, S. porch, low embattled W. tow^er,
clock, three bells (one pre-Reformation, inscribed
►J^ SancU Andn'e Ora Pro Nobis). Chancel E.E.,
with long narrow lancets on each side. Perp.
E. window, E.E. string carried round walls.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 177
Chancel arch plain E.E., with moulded caps.
Nave E.E., on north side long narrow lancets.
S. wall has Perp. windows inserted. An arch E.
end of aisle points to former chantry. Font
octagonal, probably E.E. N. and S. doors good
E.E., the latter has two shafts in jambs and g^od
moulded arch. S. porch rebuilt, tower Perp.
Register, 1585. Bp.'s Transcript, 1638. Re-
stored, 1866, 1873.
Teversham, E. of Cambridge. — All Saints :
Chancel, nave, aisles, modern S. porch, embattled
W. tower, one bell (two pre-Reformation bells
here till recently). Originally an E.E. church.
Chancel Dec, with later insertions. Below E.
window carved stonework exhibiting quatrefoils,
arcading, &c. ; some colouring. Piscina and
sedilia rich Perp., with traces of colour. An
ornamental niche forms the aumbry. Low-side
window blocked. Roof has good bosses at inter-
sections, the cornice displaying angels bearing
devices. Perp. oak rood-screen, rood staircase,
and remains of entrance to rood-loft. N. and S.
of chancel arch is a squint. Nave E.E. (possibly
shortened when Perp. tower erected), of three
arches. E.E. piers octagonal, with circular caps,
brackets upon shafts. Eastern termination of
arcade noticeable. Two curious oval apertures
on each side between tops of arches. These
M
I
178 THE CHURCHES OF
openings served as clerestory windows before
they were covered by roofing of aisles, being
carried up to angle of nave roof. In N. aisle
piscina, good Dec. windows. In S. aisle piscina
has no drain. N. door (or casement), now glazed,
appears as low-side window in N. aisle. In this
chapel formerly stood a table-tomb with two
mutilated recumbent alabaster figures to Sir
Ed. Styward and wife, now removed to W. end
of S. aisle. E.E. door and W. window. Carved
Jacobean pulpit brought here from Cherry Hinton
Church. Font plain octagonal. N. of chancel, I
judging from door remaining, was formerly a
sacristy, now vestry. Register, 1593. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1602. Restored, 1888-91.
Thorney, W. of Wisbech. — Sts. Mary and
Botolph, anciently ' Ankerig.' Originally W. end
of nave of the Abbey Church; rebuilt 1089-
1108; fitted as parish church 1638. The aisles ^
being destroyed, the five arches were walled up,
upper tier of arches filled with Perp. tracery !
from clerestory windows of church. The piers ij
alternately round and clustered, some carving on ■
caps and bases. Two E. arches of triforium
moulded on N. side. Church refitted and
modern transept added 1841. E. window re- ;
presents miracles of St. Thomas a Becket. Bays:
of nave arcade surmounted by triforium arches.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 179
Panel of Norm, clerestory remains next W. end,
with billet moulding and blocked opening into
triforium. W. end flanked by Norm, square
towers, with octagonal Perp. turrets richly
panelled. W. doorway has deep mouldings and
niches, the date 1638 appears in spandrils, at
which time the five-light window, &c. (divided
into upper and lower lights, cinquefoiled and
trefoiled), were erected. Window within the
arch of one much larger. Between window and
doorway a series of faces alternate with flowers.
Above W. windows are niches, with images and
elaborate panelling. A French colony settled
here temp. Charles I., and a French service held.
Bp. Wren granted Hcence (1640) to Stephen de
Curfol to preach either in French or Latin.
N. and S. porches. Mural brass to first French
minister, with interesting inscription. An em-
battled parapet and cornice on exterior nave
walls. One bell in N.W. tower. Register, 1653,
in French, has been printed. Restored, 1888.
Thriplow, S. of Cambridge.— yi//5^/;2/^(? 5/.
George): One of the best cruciform churches
in the county. Chancel, nave, transepts, S.
porch, embattled central tower with small spire,
five bells. Chancel Dec, E. window modern.
Piscina. On N. side an unusually large lancet
window, unglazed, helps to light vestry. Good
i8o THE CHURCHES OF
Dec. rood-screen of three arches cinquefoiled,
each cusp trefoiled with flower at points. Original
screen of Great St. Mary's, Cambridge, copied
from that at Thriplow. Transepts E.E. Lancet
windows and Perp. insertions. N. window of
N. transept four hghts, with battlemented tran-
soms and quatrefoil tracery. Tower rests on
four fine Dec. arches. The outer mouldings on
corbels. Nave has Perp. open timber roof,
painted. Good stained glass. W. window Perp.,
over fine square-headed doorway with spandrils.
Font Norm., modern base. Open seats with
carved poppy heads. S. porch modern. Regis-
ter, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1604. Restored,
1876-7, 1887.
Toft, S.W. of Cambridge.— 5/. Andrew:
Chancel (entirely rebuilt 1863, when new N.
aisle added), nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower,
three bells. Small trefoiled piscina, two aum-
bries. Nave of five bays, early Perp., has fine
roof with ornamented tie-beams. In S. aisle a
niche and plain piscina; mutilated stoup in S.
porch. Font plain octagonal. Tower arch good
Perp. The old tower fell (1890) while being
pulled down; rebuilt 1894. Some alabaster
figures, richly coloured, found in S. wall are
still preserved, vis. figure of St. Christopher, a
headless figure of St. Hubert, with the golden
CAMBRIDGESHIRP: iSi
horned hart at his side, &c. Register, 1539.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1630. Restored, 1863.
Trumpington, S. of Cambridge. — Sts. Mary
and Michael: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles,
N. and S. chapels, N. porch, embattled W. tower,
five bells. Chancel good early Dec. Formerly
a chapel on N. side (blocked doorway remains).
E. window ot^five lights, with geometrical tracery.
Windows N. side two lights, with trefoil in
heads, hood moulds with masks, some contem-
porary glass. S. side one window three lights,
with intersecting tracery, other two as on N.
side. Small priest's door. Low-side window.
Double piscina Dec, with central division, each
with stone shelf and separate drain. Richly
moulded sedilia in sill of S.E. window. String
course with scroll moulding under windows.
Chancel arch plain, without shafts. Lower part
of chancel screen remains. Nave of five arches
on clustered pillars, good caps and bases, with
quatrefoil clerestory windows on N. side, lancets
on S. side over the piers. Responds of nave
E.E. N. aisle has good early Dec. windows,
varied. On N. side a chapel with two arches;
under easternmost, Dec, tomb of Sir Roger de
Trumpington, with famous brass [temp. Edward
L), surmounted by ogee Dec. arch. In N.
wall aumbry and low-side opening. Good W.
1 82 THE CHURCHES OF
doorway, Dec, opens into porch of same period.
S. aisle and chapel are similar, having good Dec.
piscina, with shelf. Between aisle and chapel
remains of stone screen. Lofty tower arch, with
continuous mouldings upon E.E. shafts. W.
doorway and window early Dec, a segmental
arch within, on slender shafts. Tower (but-
tresses carried high) has single-light lancets and
windows of two lights. Small niche opening
in external recess level with ground in N.W.
wall ; a hole in stone ceiling suggests a bell
aperture, the loophole now closed. It was
popularly regarded as a ' Confessional ! ' On
S. side of chancel an external sepulchral arch,
floriated. On outside of N. wall of chancel Dec.
piscina, formerly in chapel. Over E. window
small circular trefoiled opening. Octagonal font,
early Perp., panelled with roses and shields.
Jacobean pulpit with late pedestal. Some memo-
rial windows. Register, 1671. Bp.'s Transcript,
1599. Restored, 1876.
Tydd St. Giles, N.W. of Wisbech.— Chan-
cel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, detached
embattled tower (removed 50 feet to S.E.), six
bells. Chancel modern. E. window of stained
glass. Chancel arch on shafts, with E.E. foli-
aged caps. Piscina niches. Staircase and door-
way to rood-loft remain. Nave of six bays, with
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 183
circular piers, varied caps. Norm, and E.E.
piers lean westward. Clerestory windows square
Perp. Aisles Dec, and Perp. windows. Door-
ways late Dec. Octagonal font early Perp., rich
tracery, deep panels in shields displaying em-
blems of the Passion, arms of the See of Ely.
Large W. window, late Dec, five lights, with
buttresses and crocketed canopies, flowing tracery,
said to be the work of Alan de Walsingham. W.
doorway shows small wide ogee arch, with three
niches above. Tower stands on four arches,
lower stages E.E., the upper Perp. A 13th cent,
floriated cross slab on floor of nave : " Orate pro
anima dni John Fysner." On one of the piers
14th cent, inscription in Norm.-French to Richard
le Pretre : '' Cest FILER COMENCAT RiCARD LE
PrESTRE primer PREYEZ PVR. LVI." Register,
1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1602. Restored, 1869.
Upwell, mainlyin Norfolk.— dT/^m/ Church: An
ecclesiastical parish in Isle of Ely. A modern
cruciform brick church. Chancel, nave, transepts,
S. porch, W. turret, one bell. Register, 1866.
Waterbech, S.E. of Cambridge.— 5a John:
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, em-
battled W. tower, clock, five bells. The church has
been considerably restored, and many old features
lost. E. window a triplet of lancets, others N.
and S. are E.E. double lancet with central shaft.
I
184 THE CHURCHES OF
Fine modern alabaster and mosaic reredos and
arcading, with sedilia. On N. side a piscina and
open aumbry, trefoil, under pointed arch. Pre-
Reformation altar slab with three of its crosses,
and bearing marks of six supporting shafts.
Priest's door with well-moulded arch. Large
chancel arch Perp. Nave of three arches on
circular piers E.E., with foliaged caps ; cleres-
tory windows of three lights. Aisles Perp. In
S. aisle some fine old glass has been brought
together. Some new quarries are copies of old
glass. Oblong arched piscina wnth deep basin.
Modern font of marble and Caen stone on five
pillars. Tower arch E.E. W. window single tall
lancet. Good modern brass eagle lectern. Pulpit
of Caen stone and alabaster, with mosaics, illus-
trating the Sermon on the Mount and preaching
of St. Paul, with statuettes. Register, 1653.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1878.
[Denny Abbey is in this parish.]
Wendy, N. of Royston. — All Saints: An-
nexed to chapelry of Shingay. Church (erected
1735) rebuilt 1866-8. Chancel, nave, W. porch,
W. belfry, one bell. Oak roof of nave — fine
double hammer-beam — was brought here from
the old church of All Saints^ Cambridge, and
other of its materials used in reconstruction.
Register, 1550. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 185
Wentworth, W. of Ely.— 5/. Peter: Chancel,
nave, N. porch, small embattled W. tower, one
bell. Chancel E.E., with three lancets N. and S.
deeply splayed. Under S.W. window square-
headed lancet, low-side opening deeply splayed.
E. window late Perp. Good double piscina.
Part of good Dec. rood-screen. Priest's door
plain E.E., with mask terminations to hood
moulds. Nave windows late Dec, internal hood
moulds and corbel heads. E.E. arch. On S.
side formerly open to chapel ; Dec. window
beneath. Piscina in N. wall. N. and S. door-
ways Norm., the former trefoil headed, latter
round, with cable shafts and cushion caps. Oc-
tagonal font, good E.E., on five shafts, leaf foliage
under the basin. Some old seats with poppies.
Perp. tower. Register, 1670. Bp.'s Transcript,
1600. Restored, 1868.
Westley Waterless, S.W. of Newmarket. —
St. Mary : Chancel, nave, aisles, turret, with one
bell. (The round tower of this church fell in
1855; it had round-headed windows, the upper
stage (later) had pointed windows. There were
three bells in the tower ; when the late Dr. Raven
wrote, he commented on the fact that there was
no bell.) Chancel E.E. E. window lancet under
one arch. Plain piscina. Nave Dec, of three
arches, with octagonal piers. Each aisle Dec,
1 86 THE CHURCHES OF
has good piscina. In S. aisle fine brass of Sir
John de Creke and lady (1324), also a low tomb
with recumbent effigy. E.E. panelled font. Re-
gister, 1557. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Weston Colville, S. of Newmarket. — St.
Alary: Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W.
tower (rebuilt), five bells. (The tower fell in
1825 ; all the bells were broken, save one now at
Wood Ditton.) A Dec. church. Good chancel
arch. Chancel having fallen, and been rebuilt, is
modernised. Windows without tracery, memorial
E. window of stained glass. Lower walls of
chancel undisturbed. Low stone screen divides
chancel. Large cinquefoil niche in N. wall.
Piscina on N. and S. sides. Aumbry on S. side.
Slab with effigies, knight and lady, let into w^all
of nave. In S. wall of chancel curiously engraved
brass on tablet to Abraham Gates, B.D., 1636,
has an interesting Latin inscription. He is re-
presented at prayer desk, his wife on opposite
side at prayer. Brass (now^ mural) a man in
armour, with wife and child (c. 1420). Font
modern. Some remains of old glass. Porch
windows blocked, tracery on E. side. Over
porch trefoiled niche. A fine lancet arch rests
on three clustered shafts with bell caps. Upper
portion of tower rebuilt (white brick), lower por-
tion undisturbed. Remains of fine church3'ard
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 187
cross on S. side of chancel, octagonal shaft (15th
cent.) with kneeling stone, squared by broaches,
on pedestal block. Adjacent to base of cross N.
and S. are some coped coffin-lids. A singular
sundial in churchyard incribed on well-engraved
metal plate :
THOMAS. SOAME
WEE S MUST
1665
It is a curious conceit (the word * dial ' = dze ahy
must presumably be supplied by the reader).
Register, 1700. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Whaddon, N. of Royston. — St. Mary: Re-
built in 14th cent. Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch,
W. tower, clock, three bells. Chancel modern-
ised. Chancel arch E.E., dog-toothing. Oak
rood-screen Perp. Large table-tomb to John
d'Eschallers (pb. 1469), last of male line. Nave
four Dec. octagonal piers, with square quatrefoil
clerestory windows. Aisle windows square heads
and transoms Dec. to Perp. Tower Perp.
Octagonal font panelled Perp.; on one of its
faces the arms of d'Eschallers. The whole church
battlemented. D'Eschallers' brasses lost. Several
armorial slabs: Thos. Tempest {pb. 1649),
Pickering {pb. 1694), and later. Register, 1692.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1606. Restored, 1869.
i88 THE CHURCHES OF
Whittlesea, W. of March, has two fine
churches, (i) 5/. AIa?y, (2) St. Andrew. — (i) St,
Mary : Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower
with crocketed pinnacles and crocketed spire
(strengthened by flying buttresses), clock, eight
bells. Dedicated by Hervey, Bp. of Ely (1106-
1131); destroyed by fire 1244. Parts of exist-
ing structure E.E., z'i:^. chancel arch, three arches
of N. nave arcade, one pier, and part of N. aisle
wall, several good Dec. windows, two piers
circular. Chancel Perp., E. window of five
lights, two ranges of windows. Chancel opens
N. and S. into S. chantry Dec, restored. Lower
part of rood-screen remains. The original sedilia
(2) and piscina in S. wall. A second subse-
quentl}^ added farther east. Four stained glass
windows. N. chantry Perp. Nave, Dec, has
four arches, circular and octagonal piers. N.
aisle early Dec. S. aisle Dec, very wide, has two
windows at either end ; below it, towards E. end,
a crypt. S. porch, Dec, has stone groined roof;
internally door has elegant trefoiled head. Tower
and spire richly ornamented, substituted for an
earlier when S. arcade was rebuilt (15th cent.)
and chancel enlarged. E. side of tower cor-
responds to W. face of old. Crocketed spire.
Three sets of window^s of three lights, two lights,
one light, with crocketed ribs. Tower of three
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 189
stages, with windows or sunk panels. On each
side of belfry two windows with double light
below transom, single light above. Buttresses,
in part panelled, run up into crocketed pinnacles,
from which, spring pierced flying buttresses.
Staircase turret at N.E. angle. Beneath belfry
floor a stone groined roof, with Evangelistic
symbols carved on bosses. W. entrance highly
ornamented, having crocketed niches flanked by
canopied brackets for images. Inscriptions on
bells, six and seven, as follows : —
Sixth — '* The five old bells into six was run
with additional metal near a tun "
Seventh — *' Prosperity to the Established Churchy and
no encouragement to enthusiasm " 175S.
(The latter sentiment is a reference to the great
Methodist movement, w^hen an ''ungoverned
spirit of enthusiasm " was abroad.) Register,
1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1862.
(2) St, Andrew^ church (given to the monks
of Ely to enable them to make books for their
library). Chancel, with N. and S. chantries,
nave, aisles, S. porch, fine embattled W. tower
with pinnacles, clock, six bells. Chancel and
chantries Dec, E. window five lights, with un-
common tracery under depressed arch. Chan-
cel arch plain, without mouldings or shafts.
190 THE CHURCHES OF
Sedilia and piscina. Wide Perp. arches with
embattled abaci lead into side chapels. In
N. chantry a piscina. Nave late Perp., four
arches, with clustered pillars each side. Cleres-
tory has four large two-light windows N. and S.
The wall pieces of nave open timber roof rise
from grotesque stone corbels. Rood-turret in
N. aisle opens on roof, and gives access to door
of rood-loft. Some E.E. work at W. end of
S. aisle. Porch and tower Perp., N. doorway
moulded. W. door square-head foliated span-
drils. E. gable of N. chantry has crocketed
coping crowned with rich finial. Five two-light
windows trefoiled, on N. side square head,
buttress between each. String course be-
neath embattled parapet. Register, 1635. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1662. Restored, 1872.
Whittlesford, S. of Cambridge. — St. Mary
and Andrew:^ Embattled chancel (with chantry
chapel now used as vestry), nave, S. aisle,
S. porch, embattled central tower, five bells.
E. window Perp., three lights. N. side Perp.
windows. S. side Perp. window, three lights,
mullions of which form continuation of sedilia.
Small Perp. piscina. Priest's door has ogee
arch. Two lofty Perp. arches form entrance
^ The chantry dedicated to St. Mary was, till 1490, a separate
church, therefore referred to as Sts. Mary and Andrew.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 191
to S. chapel; which has small piscina, parclose,
and roof brackets. A sacristy at one time
on N. side of chancel. Chancel arch Perp.
Entrance to rood-loft on S. side gives access to
belfry on N. side of turret. Dec. tower, window
on N. side. Door into tower staircase Perp.
Recent removal of plaster from tower brought
to light five Norm, windows; over one was
sculptured stone representing a man seated, goat
whispering in his ear. Nave of three arches
E.E. and Perp., octagonal piers. Two Dec.
windows N. side. W. window of three lights.
S. aisle Perp., with canopied piscina. S. door has
good E.E. hinges. Plain square E.E. font on five
shafts. Well-carved oak stalls and bench ends.
Ancient chest. Beautiful fragments of alabaster
(^Our Lord! s Resurrection)^ part of reredos dis-
covered in chancel wail. On E. battlement of
tower two shields of arms. Register, 1559-
Bp.'s Transcript, 1605. Restored, 1875-82.
[Whittlesford-bridge Chapel ^ (so termed). —
Fine Dec, until recently used as a barn, has
interesting remains, including windows, piscina,
and recess for sedilia.]
Wicken, N.W. of Newmarket. — St, Laurence:
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch,
short square embattled W. tower with buttresses
^ In Duxford Parish.
192 THE CHURCHES OF
and pinnacles, five bells (one pre-Reformation).
E. window five lights, good Perp. Chancel has
three windows, S. side square headed Perp.,
E.E. lancet, and good Perp., with depressed
arch. On N. side similar windows, small tre-
foiled piscina. Chancel arch good Perp. Nave
of three arches with octagonal piers, three Perp.,
clerestory windows each side. Aisle windows
Perp., in N. aisle with depressed arches, in
S. aisle square headed, three lights. N. aisle
continued to small vestr}^ at W. end. Small but
good tower arch. Two small brasses: (i) Mar-
garet Peyton [pb. 14 14) ; (2) John Peyton (c. 1 520),
formerly in S. aisle, now in private hands.
Church has several memorials to Cromwell
family. Henry Cromwell, Lord-Lieutenant of
Ireland, buried here. Register (1687) contains
several Cromwell entries. Among them : '* 1687.
Buried The Good Lady Cromwell Elizabeth
Cromwell April 11///." On chancel floor an
inscribed slab to Henry Cromwell, fourth son
of the Protector [ob, 1673). Register, 1582.
Restored, 1879-80.
[Spinney Priory in this parish founded {temp,
Henry HI.) for Austin Canons (subsequently a
cell to Ely), dedicated to St. Alafy and the Holy
Cross. A hospital for seven old men was
attached 1321.]
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 193
Wickham, West, S. of Newmarket. — 5/. John
(? St. Mary) : Chancel, nave, N. transept, S.
porch, W. tower, five bells. Chancel Dec,
piers of arches have been renewed. E. win-
dow Dec, three lights (old design renewed),
niche on either side, each has a terminal head,
string carried round. Some old oak panel-
ling serves as reredos. Priest's door S. side.
N. and S. windows good Dec, easternmost win-
dow on S. side blocked. Trefoil piscina with
shelf. Rood-loft entrance remains, part of rood-
screen now in W. end of tower arch. Transept
has E. and N. windows blocked. Nave Dec.
Perp. windows inserted. Piscina. Some good
oak benches remain near transept. Font plain
octagonal. Porch Dec, has stoup, much repaired.
Tower arch and W. window Dec. Belfry door in
E. angle. Good N. door with bold moulding. In
tower basement a curious oblong panel painting
of Crown resting on Bible, with text Is. xlix. 23,
has been transformed from a former king's
reign to the rule of 1902 ! Royal arms also re-
main. S. door has an interesting early escutcheon
and latch. Good gable crosses (or remains) on
chancel transept and porch. Tower fine Dec.
A brass, Phil. Richardson, 1634. Mural tablet
to Henry Harrison, S.T.P., 1675. In churchyard
an ancient yew tree, and adjoining churchyard
N
194 THE CHURCHES OF
the village pound. There was at one time much
good armorial glass. Cole (1771) mentions this
glass, some of which he seems to have received
from the vicar, and used in the decoration of his
house at Milton. Register, 1647. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. -^ great portion of S. nave wall
rebuilt, S. porch renovated, &c., when church
restored, 1 899-1 900.
Wilbraham, Great, E. of Cambridge. — St.
Nicholas: Chancel, nave, transepts, S. porch,
embattled W. tower with pinnacles, clock, five
bells. E.E. chancel has side arcades and banded
shafts, high in walls. E. window triplets of
lancets, with shafts under good hood. Piscina,
sedilia, and an aumbry with shafts, caps foliaged.
Dec. window of two lights, Perp. window, three
lights, and lancet (glass by Kempe). In E. wall
of S. transept large well-moulded arch has dog-
tooth ornament. Fine Perp. window, four lights,
and two lancets. N. transept (similar) fell down
some years ago, and has been rebuilt, triplet
E.E. windows being inserted from original tran-
sept. Upper door into rood-loft remains. Perp.
windows inserted on S. side of nave, on N.
original lancets remain. Inner doorway (muti-
lated) of S. porch, rich E.E., has triple nook
shafts with foliated caps and two lines of tooth-
ing. Tower arch (tall lancet) very fine, with
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 195
segments of arches N. and S. Tower Per p. Font
trans. Norm, to E.E. Slab with double Omega
ornament on tower floor. Register, 1561. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1878-9, 1882-3.
Wilbraham, Little, E. of Cambridge. — St,
John Baptist: Chancel, nave, N. aisle, S. porch,
embattled W. tower, three bells. Chancel late
Dec, E. window three lights, flowing tracery,
stained glass. S. window Perp. On N. side
lancet inserted (perhaps a restoration). Brass
on floor represents Wm. Blakway, rector (pb.
1 521). Doors of rood-stairs recessed at S.
corner. Squint in E. arch of N. aisle. Aisle
has three arches with piers, clustered octa-
gonal shafts Perp. Windows without cusping.
S. windows Perp. Octagonal font Perp., quatre-
foil panels. S. porch has inner door enriched
with tracery and shields of arms. Acute tower
arch. Tower (Dec.) rests on open arches of
singular form, the lean-to abutments are singu-
lar. W. window of three lights. Good gable
cross. Plinth, pedestal, and part of stem of
churchyard cross near porch. Register, 1538.
Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1875-89.
Wilburton, N. of Cambridge. — St, Peter:
Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower and
short spire, clock, six bells. Chancel with
original vestry Perp. On either side E. window
196 THE CHURCHES OF
(five lights) a good niche. Stone bench for
sedilia. On N. side a Perp. table-tomb. Vestry
has good Perp. door and aumbry, and low-side
window. Chancel arch E.E. Rood-screen rich
early Perp., crockets varied for each division.
Above doorway a number of cocks with large
combs. The character of the upper tracery re-
produced below, with grotesque figures in panel
spandrils. A new cornice and completion of
cresting marks (1893) restoration. The arms of
Alcock and the rebus of a cock appear on roof
and elsewhere. Nave Perp. Windows large
Perp., under lofty arches with continuous re-
sponds. Plain octagonal E.E. font. Porch Perp.,
with good roof and room over, to which there is
turreted stairway. Belfry staircase on S.W.
side. Good Perp.poppy head seats. Brasses
(i) to Richard Bole, Archdeacon of Ely {ob,
1477), in cope; (2) John Hyll and wife (1506);
(3) Wm. Byrd and wife, three sons, five
daughters (15 16). Remains of wall paintings.
Register, 1730. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re-
stored, 185 1, and recently.
Willingham (Wyvelingham), N.W. of Cam-
bridge.— St. Mary and All Saints: Chancel
(with original N. chapel), clerestoried nave, aisles,
S. porch, lofty W. tower with pinnacles, spire,
clock, five bells. E. window, three lights,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 197
reconstructed from 14th cent, fragments. Dec.
jambs, niches on either side, with recently re-
stored images, Sts. Mary and Etheldreda.
Aumbry in N. wall has marks of shelf, and
hinge hooks. Dec. sedilia, and piscina on S.
side. Remains of N. wall lancets. In N. wall
an arched recess. Two side windows, Dec,
have singular tracery. Some good stalls (oak)
and roof with carved foliage and corbel heads.
Late 13th cent, low-side window formed by con-
tinuation of two lights of window above ; a tran-
som marks the division, iron bars, &c., remain.
Priest's door. The Dec.sacristy,or chapel, entered
by small door on N. side, has remarkable high-
pitched stone roof, supported on stone rib arches
with open foliated work. The rib arches rest on
brackets, with grotesque corbel heads below.^
E. window two narrow hghts with quatrefoil in
head, small N.E. window of two lights under
square head. At W. end, high up, a small
window. Pillar piscina on S.E. Good Dec.
rood-screen of oak, with traces of colour, well
restored ; the loft was reached by turret stair-
case from * Ely Chapel.' Nave of six arches
* An interior view in Lysons' Cambs., p. 285. The exterior
view is hardly less interesting. The brick parapet of the chancel
and a small side window, also the E. window of the Ely Chapel,
will be noticed in the accompanying illustration.
198 THE CHURCHES OF
with multangular piers. Very fine Perp. open
timber roof of rich and elaborate design, divided
by principal rafters. At end of each hammer-
beam is a carved angel with expanded wings,
spandrils of pierced tracery. Other timbers
elaborately moulded, and cornice fringed with
ornament.^ There are traces of illumination.
The nave walls and arcade and space over chan-
cel arch have most interesting paintings. A
* Doom ' picture (14th cent.) over chancel arch
is deprived of its central figure by insertion of
late window. Other paintings include St. Chris-
topher, St. George and dragon, The Assump-
tion, The Annunciation, shields of the Passion,
heraldic shields. Spandrils of arches have
Decalogue, &c. On N. side of chancel arch a
dedication cross painted. The well-known
masonry pattern (13th cent.), &c., appears within
splay of lancet light in S.W. wall. The re-erec-
tion, after considerable restoration, of elaborate
parclose screens, at E. end of aisles of 14th and
15th cent, date, lately effected.- Piscina in S.
chapel, and canopied tomb. The original altar
^ This roof said to have been brought from Barnwell Abbey
in 161 J !
^ (i) Chantry founded 15 Ric. II. by John de Brune (E. end
of S. aisle), Brune Chapel.
(2) Lady Chapel, commonly called Ely Chapel (E. end of
N. aisle).
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 199
stone has been relaid. N. aisle has two canopied
tomb recesses. Tlie pentagonal pulpit early
Perp., on octagonal shaft, has panelled sides
finely carved. Octagonal font Perp., with fine
modern cover. The chapel roofs Perp., have
carved bosses and ancient colouring. Aisle
windows Dec. and Perp. Fine S. porch, has
good side windows, niche over entrance, stoup,
and several pieces of early-wrought masonry.
Fine Dec. tower arch has richly-moulded caps,
battlemented and octagonal jambs with stone
benches. Upper stage of tower pierced by four
two-light windows, having dripstones, the parapet
battlemented with semi-quatrefoils. Crocketed
flying buttresses from pinnacles to spire; deep
moulding at base. Good gargoyles. Church
battlemented. In upper part of chancel walls 17th
cent, brickw^ork. The remarkable work of restora-
tion was carried through by the late revered John
Watkins, rector 1 900-1906, who accomplished
so much, and did it so well (vide Introduction),
Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1604.
Wimblington, hamlet of Doddington. — St,
Peter : Church erected 1874. Register, 1874.
Wimpole, S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew :
Church (except chantry) rebuilt 1749 (termed
a * classic ' structure) of red brick and stone, after
a design by FHtcroft. Chancel, nave, chantry, S.
200 THE CHURCHES OF
porch, and W. tower, one bell. Some good
armorial glass belonging to the old church, and
later glass by Pecket. The Chichele chapel has
monuments to Sir Thos. Chichele (ob. 1616);
Philip, 1st Earl Hardwicke, and Lord Chancellor
(pb. 1764); 2nd Earl Hardwicke {pb. 1790). A
table-tomb with recumbent effigy to 3rd Earl
Hardwicke, K.G. {pb. 1834), and others of Yorke
family. The Norm, polygonal font is the chief
object of interest. Chantries founded (i) in
1270 by Sir Robert de Insula, Kt.; (2) 1459,
Standon's chantry. Register, 1540. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1599. Restored, 1887.
Wisbech. — Sts. Peter and Paul : An interest-
ing church of singular form and arrangement,
seen in an arcade which divides nave and aisles.
Navehas been widened, and second nave, separatee
by arches and piers, late Perp., added. There art
two chancels, or rather a Dec. aisle to chancel,
that on N. being longer than that on S., originally
Norm. The church consists of two chancels,
double nave, aisles, transept chapel, S. porch, large
embattled N.W. tower, clock, ten bells.^ Chancel
Dec, reredos of stone, alabaster and mosaic, by
Salviati, the principal feature being a reproduction
^ On eighth bell is inscribed (1823) :
" I praise the Lord, the people call, convoke the priests;
The dead deplore, plague drive away, and gladden feasts."
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 201
of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper ; canopied
figures of Sts. Peter and Paul on either side.
Aisle has Perp. windows. E. window has five
lights, foHated. Windows on N. side two fights
Dec. Chancel arches Dec, of great span, probably
built on Norm, piers. Chancels are separated
by three Dec. arches with clustered piers. In
S. chancel Dec. piscina. Nave has five Norm,
arches with circular or shafted piers and square
caps. N. side opening into aisle Perp. S. side
four Perp. arches opening into second nave
(or aisle), as high and wide as nave proper.
Perp. clerestory, some Dec. clerestory windows.
Beyond this another aisle Perp., with early Perp.
S. doorway, and porch with room above. At
,W. end of nave two trans. Norm, arches (? for
ba tower), also octagonal stone turret for bell.
fFine Dec. window at W. end (there are altogether
thirty-four windows in the church). Sir Gilbert
Scott thought that the church, as now arranged,
dated from Perp. period. Anyway its formation
is curiously piecemeal, and carried on regardless
of appearance. The battlements of fine Perp.
tower are richly panelled, pierced and pinnacled.
Under belfry windows a rich band of quatrefoils
and shields. The arms of the See, with others,
are in the upper stage. Lower part of tower
forms a porch ; entrance on N. side with traceried
202 THE CHURCHES OF
spandrils enriched with grotesque sculpture.
The battlements of chapel are panelled ; below
is a rich band of quatrefoils and shields of con-
siderable interest ; recurring rebus 2<* QSutW^ff
points to founder of chantry (c. 1500). Font
plain Dec, with shafts. Fine effigy brass —
nearly six feet in length — to Sir Thos. de
Braunstone (1401), constable of Wisbech Castle.
The greater part of fine canopy and commence-
ment of inscription missing. Mural monument
represents Thos. Parke and wife (two large-sized
figures) kneeling at a low desk, at end of which
is another kneeling female, the man in armour,
the woman wears a broad brimmed hat and
flowing garment {temp. James I.) ; arms of wife
and husband repeated. Another similar monu-
ment to Mathias Ta^'lor and wife (1633). Another
to wife of Henry Bourrough, who died in child-
birth (165 1 ), having the figure of a weeping
child. There are many Southwell and other
memorials. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript,
1601. Restored, 1858, and later.
St. Augustine^ an ecclesiastical parish formed
(1869) from Wisbech St. Peter and Leverington,
erected 1868-9. The Octagon Church is a
chapel-of-ease.
Wisbech, S.W. of Wisbech St. Peter.— 5/.
Mary^ includes ecclesiastical districts of Guyhirn
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 203
and Murrow : Cliancel, clerestoried nave, aisles,
S. porch, embattled W. tower with small spire,
clock, five bells (the curfew is still rung). Chancel
has E. window of five lights. Windows N. and S.
of three lights. Nave has five depressed arches
with octagonal piers and clerestory windows of
three lights. Some curious brackets and remains
of large stoup in Perp. porch. Font and tower
earlier than rest of church, being late Dec.
Sanctus bell -cot on E. gable of nave. The
eminent ecclesiastics and others who died while
confined in the castle (temp. Elizabeth) are buried
in churchyard. Register, 1557. Bp.'s Tran-
script, 1602.
Witcham, W. of Ely. — St, Martin : Chancel,
nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower with pin-
nacles, one bell. Chancel E.E. (formerly
thatched). String course (part), two original
lancets. E. window Dec. Perp. side windows.
Double E.E. piscina, plain. Chancel arch Perp.
Nave of five arches S. side, four on N. Dec, with
octagonal piers. In sill of N.E. window piscina.
Massive pulpit of stone early Perp. The ancient
stone steps were recently discovered. Octagonal
font fine E.E., square basin, sculptured with
grotesque figures ; it rests on five shafts with
moulded caps and bases. Tower E.E., with fine
recessed arch. Some benches with poppy heads.
204 THE CHURCHES OF '
Remains of Perp. screen. Porch Perp. Re-
gister, 1663. Bp.'s Transcript, 1607.
Witchford, S.W. of Ely.— 5/. Nicholas (? St.
Andrew) : Chancel, nave, N. porch, low em-
battled W. tower, three bells. Chancel Dec.
E. window of three lights stained glass, small
piscina, and double aumbry. Lancet low-side
window. On each side of chancel arch a plain
cinquefoil niche. Nave Dec. S. window larger
than others, of like character and date. In N.
wall of nave a double aumbry. Plain Dec. octa-
gonal font on moulded circular base. Porch
Perp. Tower E.E. (perhaps earlier), has gable
cross built into east face. Register, 1778. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1599. Restored, 185 1, 1887.
Wood Ditton, S.E. of Newmarket. — St. Mary:
Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, W.
tower, five bells (the treble brought from Weston
Colville after fall of tower), three-lined inscription
filed off.i Chancel Dec, roof lately raised (vestry
and organ chamber added N. side). Two good
niches and piscina, good Perp. rood-screen, stairs
1 The fourth and fifth bells (of Stephen Tonne) of special
interest, and although of post-Reformation date, have the
inscription :
►J* Sum rosa pulsata mundi Maria vocata
and
■^ Virginis assumpta nomen gero dme Marii.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 205
preserved in wall. Nave of four arches, piers
octagonal with moulded caps, some clustered.
Four clerestory windows Perp., a continuous
string from hood mouldings. Windows Dec.
and Perp. ; both in chancel and aisles, new ones
inserted or rebuilt. Some memorials of stained
glass. At end of S. aisle, early Perp., piscina
and stoup near N. door. Fine oak chancel and
nave roofs (recent). Octagonal font Perp.,
panelled. Fragments of painted glass. Some
open benches with poppies. Perp. porch has
good wooden roof. Tower Perp., has fine W.
doorway, square below, octagonal above ; at one
time battlemented. A fine brass to Henry Eng-
lish (in armour) and wife (in kirtle and mantle)
1393, the lady's head missing. Nave and aisles
battlemented. Register, 1567. Restored, 1898-9.
[Saxon Street, an ancient hamlet, has a
modern chapel-of-ease.]
Wratting, West, S. of Newmarket. — St. An-
drew: Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W.
tower, clock, five bells. Until quite recently this
church was strangely disfigured, the window
tracery had its place occupied by round-headed
* Grecian ' sashes ; a brief description tells how
that the E. window was ' Venetian,' chancel
arch * Roman, on Roman pilasters,' the mould-
ing ' QgQ and anchor pattern.' The old font
2o6 THE CHURCHES OF
had given place to a marble basin on thin turned
leg and stand ! This extraordinary work was
effected by Sir Jacob Shafto {ob, 1740). The
church has lately undergone complete transfor-
mation. Chancel Perp., has good five-light E.
window, double piscina (mutilated), cinquefoil
tracery with stone bracket and ledge. A fine
Perp. window S.E. has been opened out, and
filled with stained glass. Old chancel pews have
given place to stalls. Good restored roof, old
beams remaining. A low stone wall at chancel
entrance. At E. end of Dec. nave, N. side, an
enriched niche, displaying much colour; close
by is a good piscina, a narrow stone ledge above
with a tiny recessed niche. On S.E. side a blocked
niche (in corresponding space to that on N.E.
wall) with older work below ; some tracery of this
niche is loose, and fragmentary. There was an
upper and lower rood entrance from without,
conspicuous in S. wall within, and well
marked on exterior wall. Close by is a
piscina. The rood-door divides the altar space
from piscina, an arrangement necessitated by
absence of aisle. Good dripstone heads. Four
elerestory windows of two lights under square
heads. Two fine old corbel figures lay on aisle
floor. In S. porch a Perp. stoup, large and of
uncommon shape; the water receptacle, oblong,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 207
has panelled divisions at back. Sundial over
porch. Good tower arch Dec, circular piers and
caps. A battered brass (now mural) to Michael
Dalton, an eminent lawyer. His second wife
was a daughter of Sir Giles Allington of Horse-
heath. A brass in chancel to Ann Walker, wife
of a rector (1610). A slab to Andrew Perne,
LL.D. (1679). Tablet on N. chancel wall com-
memorates Sir Charles Watson, Bart., created by
George II. (1760) at the early age of eigJit years
in consideration of services of his father (Ad-
miral Watson). Memorials to the Shafto family.
There is a good recent font and well-carved
lectern. Register, 1579. Bp.'s Transcript,
1599. Restored, 1897.
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA
Great Abington.— P. i, line 3, /^r 'which is,' read
' formerly.' Line ^^^for ' built,' read ' formerly built.' The
two easternmost windows on N. side are early Norman
lancets, deeply splayed. The Perp. E. window occupies
in part the place of former triplet. A squint in S.E. wall.
N. doorway blocked ; has small window inserted.
Little Abington.— On S. side of chancel the W.
window has transom for Mow-side window.' N. of
chancel arch, adjacent to wall-opening (squint), is a
curious square 'low-side window.' S. porch roof orna-
mented with Tudor rose, &c., a mutilated angle stoup in
niche. A small stone coffin in S. wall recess in tower
basement.
Barton. — Over porch is room with two lights, blocked.
Upon rood-screen are the arms of Arundel, Vere, Lisle,
and See of Ely. The rood staircase and doorways are
in evidence. Jacobean pulpit has carved scroll with LR.
Anno Dom : 1635. The position of the font has been
altered.
Caldecot. — Piscina in S. chancel wall.
Chatteris. — Chancel has recently been lengthened
and side chapels added, the aisles extended and widened,
and bay added at W. end. Most of the windows have
been replaced or renewed. The description (p. 43) has
been revised up to date.
Gamlingay. — Chancel has piscina and sedilia restored,
also the Perp. windows. On N. side a low stone seat
n wall recess. A squint on N. side of chancel arch.
209 Q
2IO ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA
Low-side windows N. and S. Upper doorway to rood-loft
remains. Clerestory has five windows of two lights on
either side. The nave spandrils on S. side have circular
ornaments. A widely splayed lancet in N. wall of aisle,
also a tomb recess with incised cross slab. Locker for
processional cross by S. door in aisle wall. Niche and
old oak benches in N. chapel ; aumbry and like benches
in S. chapel. The interesting restored font (inadvertently
described (p. 79) as Perp.) is early '13th cent, date, of
purbeck marble, the basin resting on eight new shafts
and central stem, raised on two steps and octagonal base.
The A'', porch o?ily has groined roof ; it has stone coffin
lids as benches. Fine pulpit sounding-board serves as
vestry table. Good Dec. tower arch ; upper and lower
doorways on N. side lead to belfry. The old carved W.
doors preserved in tower basement. Stem and base of
churchyard cross.
Great Eversden. — The S. doorway now blocked.
Churchyard wall has coffin lids as part coping.
Girton. — The two windows of chamber over S. porch
have now (191 1) been renewed.
Homingsea. — P. 102, line 10, for 'five' read 'four.'
The stone bench and rood-screen panels have disap-
peared.
Kingston. — Piscina in S. aisle.
OrweU. — Credence niche in N. chancel wall. Niche
(blocked) on N. side by chapel. S. porch has stone seats.
Four of the bells are on floor of tower basement.
Stowe cu}>i Quy. — N. aisle window no longer blocked.
Toft. — S. aisle piscina and niche, and stoup in porch
have disappeared in recent restoration. S.E. window
sill lowered to form sedile.
Willingham. — Stone seats at foot of jambs of tower
arch. Lancet lights N. and S. Porch has stone
benches,
INDEX
Abington, Great, i, 209
,, Little, xix, xxi, 2,
209
,, Piggotts, 2
Alabaster painted figures, xxxix,
136, 740, 180, 191
Alan de Walsingham, his work
and influence, xxviii, 34, 183
Altar-piece, 28
Altar recess and ledge, 47, 83, 95
Altar-stone, 27, 39, 53, 119, 159,
174, 184, 198
Anselm, St. , xxi
Archaologia, 39
Architectural peculiarities, 42,
48. 73. 97. 120
Architectural styles, xxvi
Armour, 56, 75, 89, 93, 104, 151
Arms of bishops or See of Ely,
114, 115, 116, 170, 183,
201, 2og
,, royal, 6, 130, 193
Arrington, 3
Ashley cum Silverley, 3
Babraham, 4
Balsham, xxxviii, 5
Harrington, xxix, 6
Bartizan, 48
Bartlow, xxxi, 8
Barton, 8, 209
Barway (Soham), 161
Bassingbourne, xxviii, xxix, 10
Becket, St. Thomas, 74, 95
Bells, XXXV, 8, 21, 26, 27, 28, 30,
41, 44, 47, 52
Bench ends, xxxiii
Benches, inscribed, 15, 51,106,
no, 163
Benches, stone, 133, 144, 170,
199, 210
Bible translators, monuments
to, 53, 142
Bier, xxxiv
Bishop's palace, 59, 127
Borough Green, xxxix, 10
Bottisham, xxi, xxxviii, 12
Bourne, 14
BoxMorth, 16
Brass, ' palimpsest,' 20
Brasses, monumental, xxxix, 2,
5, 6, 9, 10, 27, 30, 61, 70, 74,
78, 79, 81, 88, 94, 96, 98, 103,
107, 109; 113, 122, 128, 133,
136, 151, 152, 153, 155, 161,
162, 165, 167, 173, 174, 179,
181, 186, 192, 193, 195, 196,
202, 205, 207
Brickwork, 17, 199
Brinkley, 17
Bucer and Fagius buried and
disinterred, 33, 36
Burwell, xxx, xxxi, 18
Caldecot, 20, 209
Cambridge —
All Saints, xxiv, xxxv, 21, 184
Christ Church, 24
St. Andrew the Great, 23
,, ,, Less, 23
St. Barnabas, 41
St. Benedict, xxxi, 24
St. Botolph, xl, 27
St. Clement, 29
212
INDEX
Cambridge (con/inueJ) —
St. Edward, 30
St. Giles, xxi, 31
St. Mary the Great, xxxii, 32
,, ,, Less, xxxix, 34
St. Matthew, 38
St. Michael, 35
St. Paul, 37
St. Peter, xvii, xx, 37
Sepulchre, Holy, 38
Trinity, Holy, xxxii, xxxvii,
39
Cambridge ArchiBological
Museum, xxxii, xxxvii, 24, 55,
136, 140
Cambridge Camden Society
(CCS.). 23, 38, 39
Cambridgeshire churches, enu-
meration of, xxii
Cambridgeshire churches under
Domesday survey, xxiv
Cambridgeshire, ecclesiastical
aspect of, xvi, xl
Canopies, a series for images, 19
Carlton, 41
Castle Camps, 41
Caxton, 42
Chantries, 4, 5, 7, 11, 15, 28,
30, 35. 60, 66, 77, 93, 105,
126, 138, 145, 164, 175, 177,
188, 189, 190, 198, 200, 202
Chapel over entrance, 73
Chatteris, xxxii, xxxvii, xl, 43,
209
Chesterton, 44
,, St. Luke, 46
Chests, xxxiv, 8, 16, 27, 48, 53,
59, 69, 72, 89, lor, 112, 115,
124, 127, 128, 140, 162, 171,
191
Chettisham, 46
Cheveley, xxxiv, xxxvi, xxxvii,
46
Child erley, 48
Chippenham, xxxv, 49
Church accounts, ancient,
xxviii, 30
Church, despoiled, 118, 131
Church on piles, 124
Churches, dilapidated or de-
stroyed, 22, 31, 48, 77, 86,
99, no, 131, 142, 156, 165,
172, 173
Churches, materials of which
built, XXX
Churches, sad condition of, in
Ely Archdeaconry in 1685,
XX ix
Churches, spoiled, xviii, xxviii
Churches, the large size of
some, xxxi
Churches (two) in one church-
yard, 77, 172
Church3'ard crosses, 56, 98,
117, 127, 155, 187, 195, 210
Clunch, XXX
Coates (and Eastrea), 50
Coffin ledges, 47, 102, 116, 117
,, lids, 4, 46, 85, 98, 125,
139, 140, 142, 149, 155, 162,
167, 176, 187, 210
Coffin of St. Etheldreda, 84
Coffin (stone), 13, 81, 85, 123,
135, 140, 156, 158, 162, 176,
195, 209
Coldham, 50
Cole, Rev. \Vm., 29, 194
College chapels in parish
churches, 25, 30, 34, 36
Collier, Jeremy, non-juror, 165
Columbarium (catacombs), xl,
127
Comberton, 51
Communion table, Elizabethan,
64, 88, 142
Conington, xxxv, 52
Consecration or dedication
crosses, 28, 40, 63, 106, no,
122, 198
Constable's staff deposited in
church, 17
Cook, Capt. .commemorated, 23
Corbels, &c., xxxii, 143
Coton, xl, 52
Cottenham, 53
Coveney, xxix, 55
Cromwell memorials, 192
Croxton, 56
INDEX
213
Croydon cum Clopton, 57
Crypts, 19, 34. 73
Danes' assault upon the
churches of Cambridgeshire,
xviii
Deaneries, Rural, xxii
Dedications, church, xxxiv, 47,
69
Ditton, Fen, 62
Doddington, 57
Downham, xxvii, 58
Dowsing, Wni., xxix, 6
Drake, Francis, 122
Drayton, Dry, 61
,, Fen, 61
Dullinghani, 64
Duxford St. John, xxi, 65
St. Peter, 66
E.\STER Sepulchre, the, asso-
ciation with low-side window,
xxxvi
Ecclesiologist, the, 39
Elm, xxvii, xxxv, 67
,, (Fridaybridge), 68
Elsworth, 68
Eltisley, 69
Ely, Bp. and Archdeacon of, xxii
Ely diocese, foundation of, xxii
Ely Episcopal visitation in
1655, state of the churches,
xxxix
Ely, Holy Trinity, xxviii, 70
,, St, Mary, xxvi, 71
Ely, Queens of, 168
Estrea, 50
Etheldreda, St., xxxiv, 84, 99
Eversden, Great, 72, 210
,, Little, 72
Font cover, 124
,, in wooden case, 28
Fonts, dated, 12, 33, 64
,, disused, 71, 87, 146
,, noticeable, xxxviii, 3, 37,
41, 46, 53, 57, 58, 59, 64, 66,
76, 84, 86, 95, 99, III, 114,
119, 124, 130, 134, 140, 144,
156, 163, 168, 169, 187, 203,
204, 210
Fordham, xxxiv, 73
Founder's tomb, the, xxxvi
Fowl mere, 75
Foxton, 75
Fridaybridge, 68
Fulbourne, xxxiii, 'j'j
Gable cross, 16, 21, 50, 69,
74, 82, 93, 101, 119, 133, 165,
193. 195. 204
Gamlingay, xxxvii, xxxviii, 79,
209
Girton, 80, 210
Glass, armorial, 32, 6o, 194, 200
Gorefield, 118
Grandsen Parva, 82
Grantchester, 82
Graveley, 84
Gravestones, pictorial, xl, 142
' Grecian ' {classical) architec-
ture, 57, 85, 199, 205
Grotesques (gargoyles, &c. ),
xl, 48, 102, 143, 144
Guilden Morden, xxxii, 85
Guyhirn, 202
Haddenham, 86
Hard wick, 88
Harlton, 89
Harston, 90
Haslingfield, 91
Hatchments, xxxiv
Hatley, East, xxix, 93
,, St. George, 94
Hauxton, xxi, 94
Hermitage (St. Huna), 43
Hildershani, 95
Hinton, Cherry, xxxv, 97
Hinxton, 98
Histon, xxxi, xxxiv, 99
Hobson, carrier, 27
Horningsea, 102, 210
Horseheath, 103
Hospitals, 71, 123, 130, 192
ICKLETON, xviii, 104
Image of mitred abbot, xxxvii
214
INDEX
Impington, 107
Incised cross slabs, 33, 55, 65,
141, 167, 183, 210
Injunctions of Bishop Good-
rich in 1541 for destroying
altars, &c., xxxix
Inscriptions of interest, 18, 19,
183
Ironwork, xl
Isleham, xxi, xxxv, 108
Kennett, xxxv, 1 10
Kingston, iii, 210
Kirtling, xxi, 112
Knapwell, 114
Knights Templars and Hos-
pitallers, 50, 156
Landbech, 114
Landwade, 116
Latimer, Hugh, 31
Lectern, 73, loi, 109, 115, 120,
147
Lenten veil, xxxvi
Leverington, xxxi, xxxviii, 118
Linton, xxi, 120
Litlington, 122
Littleport, 123
,, Prickwillow, 124
,, St. Matthew, 124
Lockers for processional cross,
&c. , xxxviii, 210
Lode (Bottisham), 124
Lolworth, 124
Long Stanton, All Saints, 125
,, ,, St. Michael, XXX,
xl, 127
Long Stowe, 129
Low-side windows [specula-
tories), xxxvi, 42, 51, 52, 61,
62, 64, 69, 81, 83, 93, 105,
III, 112, 121, 126, 128, 143,
148, 175, 178, 181. 185, 197,
209, 210
Madingley, 130
Malton, 142
Manea, 131
March, 131
Mary, St., and theHoly Host,
xxxiv, 47
Maze, 16
Medallions of terra-cotta, 65
Melbourne, 133
Meldreth, xxiv, 134
Mepal, 135
Milton, 135
Misericords, s, 73, 79,109, 114,
136, 141, 143, 159
Monolith piers, 105, 166
Monum.ental effigies, noticeable,
xxxix, 96, 109, 113, 116, 127,
129, 148, 154, 178, 202
Monuments by Chantrey, Flax-
man, and Westmacott, 65, 137
Murrow, 203
Newmarket, All Saints, 137
Newton, 137
Newton in the Isle, 138
Niche, inscribed, 102
Niches, noticeable, xxxvi, 2O;
89, 210
Norman and Saxon architec-
ture, relationship of, xix
Norman builders, xix, xxi
Norman features, xix, xxi
Oakixgton, xxxiv, 139
Orwell, xxi, 140, 210
Oswald, St., xxxv
Over, 142
Painted boards, 125, 193
Paintings, mural, xxxix, 8, 14,
45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 54, 84, 89,
95, 107, III, 112, 149, 158,
165, 196, 198
Paintings (other), 28, 31, 36,
37. 41
Palavicini (collector of papal
dues), 4
Pampisford, xxi, 145
Pandiana, St., xxxv, 69
Papworth, Agnes, 146
,, Everard, 146
Parclose screens, xxxii, 13, 14,
63, 76, 86, 119, 151, 152, 158,
159. 198
INDEX
215
Paiis, Matthew, historian, 42
Parson Drove, 147
Pewter flagon, 114
Pictorial linen cloth, 114
Pier with building inscription,
183
Piscinae, noticeable, xxxviii, 12,
68
Ploughs in churches, xxix
Porch ('Galilee'), 13
wood, 73, 108
Prickwillow, 164
Pulpit, dated, 153, 155, 209
,, Dec. , xxxiii, 78
,, Jacobean, 8, 17, 46, 57,
72, 84, 90, 98, 112,
137. 143. 149. 153.
155, 178, 182, 209
,, Perp., xxxiii, 69, 92, 95,
115. 199
,, sounding-boards, 16, 34,
155. 210
,, stone, Perp., 203
QuY, 148, 164, 210
Rampton, XX, xxvi, XXX, xxxii,
XXXV, xxxix, 148
Reach, 18, 150
Reading-desk, Jacobean, 95
Register extract, 116
Religious houses, their influ-
ence in regard to churches,
XV, XXV
Reliquary niche (?), 89
Reredos, re-table, xxxix, 55, 89,
96, 107, 136, 140, 141, 180,
191
Roman Britain, churches in,
xvii, xix
Roman occupation and influ-
ence, xvi, xvii, 84
Roman remains, xvii, 38, 84,
105
Rood-lofts, 5, 143
Rood-screens, xxxii, 5, 9, 10,
15, 20, 21, 28, 33, 41, 44, 48,
49. SI. 52, 59. 61, 63, 76, ^7,
79. 80, 85, 88, 90, 91. 95, 97,
105, 109, HI, 113, 115, 117,
122, 123, 125, 134, 136, 140,
M3. 145. 152, 15s. 163, 164,
166, 173, 175, 177, 180, 181,
185, 187, 188, 193, 196, 197,
204, 209
Rood-screens, stone, 13, 89
Roofs, xxxii
,, inscribed, 19, 109
,, stone groined, xxxii, 20,
24, 33. 40. 79. 120,
132, 153, 170, 188, 197
,, thatched, xxix, 22, 56,
128, 145, 150
,, transference of, 184
,, with blazoned shields,
141
Sacristies (vestries), 35, 49,
62, ']'] , 85, 96, 97, 108, 120,
154, 178, 191, 19s, 197
Sanctuary, 57
Sanctus bell-cot, 133, 134, 145,
203
Sawston, 150
Saxon and Norman as related
arts, xix, xx
Saxon (?) remains, xx, 2, 3, 25,
26, 31, 105
Saxon Street, 205
Screen erected by Bishop Cosin
in Great St. Mary's, Cam-
bridge, in 1640, xxxiii, 33
Sculptured figures, &c. , 100,
141, 145, 157, 170
,, knot or interlaced
work, XX
,, royal arms, 130
Sedilia, xxxiv, xxxviii, 12, 68,
72, 17
Shelford, Great, xxxiv, 152
,, Little, xxxix, 153
Shepreth, 156
Shingay, 156
Shudy Camps, 157
Snailwell, xxxi, 157
Soham, 158
Southea, 118
Spires, xxxi
2l6
INDEX
Stalls, 21, 36, 68, 71, 72,73,79,
90, 100, log, 114, 136, 141,
143. 154. 159. tgi, 197
Stapleford, xxi, 161
Steeple Morden, 162
Stetchworth, 163
Stoups, holy water, noticeable,
xxxviii, 90, 99, 104, 121, 206
Stowe cum Quy, 164
Stretham, xxiv, 166
Stuntney, 168
Sundials, 69, 122, 150, 153, 161,
187, 207
Sutton, xxxi, 169
Swaffham Rulbeck, 171
,, Prior, 172
Swavesey, 174
Tadlow, 176
Teversham, xxiv, 177
Thatched chvirches, xxix, 56,
128. 145, 150
Thetford, xxiv, 167
Thorney, 178
Thriplow, 179
Toft, 180, 210
Tower, passage under, 22, 123,
132
Towers, lantern, 20, 171, 173
,, remarkable, xxxi, 8,
20, 26, 48, 55, 59, 66, loi,
123, 153, 157, 171. 172, 179.
185, 188
Triforium, 68, 178
Triptych, 41
Trumpington, 181
Tydd St. Giles, 182
Tympana, Norman, xxi, 13, 67,
113. 145
Upwell (Christ Church), 183
Vernicle on paten {c. 1500),
148
Vestries. Vide Sacristies
Waterbech, 183
Wayside cross, 65, 167
Wells in churchyard, xli, 29
Wendreda, St., xxxv, 131
Wendy, 184
Wendy, Thos. , court physician,
92
Wentworth, 185
Westley Waterless, 185
W^eston Colville, 186
Whaddon, 187
Whittlesea, St. Andrew, xxxi,iS9
St. Mary, 188
Whittlesford , 190
Whittlesford-bridge Chapel, 191
Wicken, 191
Wickham, West, 193
Wilbraham, Great, 194
,, Little, xxviii, 195
Wilburton, 195
Willingham, xxxii, xxxiii, 196,
210
Wimblington, 199
Wimpole, 199
Window tracery, xxxi
Wisbech, St. Mary, 202
,, Sts. Peter and Paul,
200
Witcham, 203
Witchford, 204
Wood Ditton, xxxv, 204
Wooden effigies, 96
Woodwork, xxxiii, 56, 65, 68,
loi, 114, 115, 121, 127, 139,
163, 193 , 210
Wratting, West, 205
Wren, Bishop, 35, 59, 179
Printed by Ballanttne, Hanson <5r' Co.
Edinburgh <5^ London
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