78
THE CHURCHES OF
arches. Nave of five bays, N. arcade E.E. S. piers good clustered Dec, with bell caps. Windows of S. aisle Dec, those N.E. Perp. Fine open benches, with poppy heads and panelling. S. transept has Dec and Perp. windows. Small low-side window at W. side of transept. A high tomb with two recumbent effigies, 1633, probably representing Edward Wood and lady [pb. 1633). Also tablet to Tyrell Dalton {pb. 1682). The S. porch has inner arch opening eastward into aisle. Tower arch E.E., lancet in form, resting on brackets. Lower stage of tower has lancet with deep internal splay, and W. doorway. W. window Perp., rest of tower E.E., surmounted by stunted spire, bell hangs outside. Pulpit of carved oak [c. 1330), has panels trefoiled and crocketed with quaint spandril carving. Good E.E. string course runs round interior. Under a canopy in chancel a large effigy brass to Wm. de Fulbourne, chaplain to Edward HI. (pb. 1390), vested in cope, border inscription muti- lated. This is one of the earliest remaining brasses. In nave another brass of a priest (c. 1390), in eucharistic vestments, possibly Roger Grymm, a former rector. Another brass, small, to Geoffi^ey Bysschop, Vicar of All Saints (1477), in eucharistic vestments, the hands crossed down- wards ; a modern inscription has been supplied
fro: "ii-^-
lioi: •■■ ■ to WL.
Tesc::
I
N. acd S. spL'e, fve Pe::. t.:; GoodifiiK ticulajij « Tiie miscjc
tilOUgh SODf
eiaples. aUortea tc ; fice ear(_T ; forming c:-;^ five arrhff \ caps, Kcje nioiijcec late Pt-:. and cart,
Nave f.-.-- th: -
s;,v.
ISO?
^•iroQeLE. S. - »ith bdl caps. »N'IPerp. Fine *2(ii and panelling, H-riQCows. Small ik of transept. A itatefigies,% Hvi Wood and lady » TjrU Dalton (ah I m irch opening ffitbLE., lancet in Lucr stage of tower
ml i(iby, and W,
EPBt of tower E.E„ Id bangs outside. Utjjnelstrefoiled
: ;r.:erior. ■,n' brass
;. -ward 111 —tionniuti"
■ '. priest
:;y Roger
-;;5, sni^lli
•.:s'(i|77)'
- ;llDDlie'l
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
79
from Blomefield. Also a lady (15th cent.). Por- tions of brasses now mounted on board affixed to wall. Font modern. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Gamlingay, S.E. of St. Neots. — St. Mary: Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and S. transept chapels, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower, small spire, five bells. Chancel walls Dec, with late Perp. windows. On N. side late Perp. sacristy. Good 15 th cent, stalls (6) and misericords are par- ticularly well fashioned and elaborately moulded. The misericords have been injured ; the others, though somewhat roughly carved, are interesting examples. Presumably these were the seats allotted to the Brotherhood established here. Fine early Perp. rood-screen. Carved angels forming corbels to original roof remain. Nave five arches Dec, octagonal piers and moulded caps, those on N. side being more richly moulded. Aisles have Dec. walls, and windows late Perp. A good string carried round S. aisle and chapel. The latter has piscina and bracket. Over chancel arch two late Perp. windows. Nave roof and clerestory plain Perp. Good open seats. Perp. font octagonal and panelled ; mutilated. Porches (large) have groined roofs, that on N. side has a room above, turret at S.W. corner, entered by staircase. S. porch has
1
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
University of Toronto
http://www.archive.org/details/cambridgeshireisOOevel
THE CHURCHES OF
CAMBRIDGESHIRE AND THE
ISLE OF ELY
Volumes in this Series are also now ready.
NORFOLK (Two Volumes, sold separately, 3s. net each). By J. Charles Cox, LL.D., F.S.A.
[Second Edition, Revised and Extended.)
SURREY*
By J. E. Morris, B.A.
ISLE OF WIGHT.
By J. Charles Cox, LL.D., F.S.A.
In Preparation
SUSSEX (Two Volumes).
By p. M. Johnston, F.R.LB.A., F.S.A.
Suffolk, Kent, Bedfordshire, Devonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Lincolnshire, Wiltshire, Cornwall, Northamptonshire, and other Counties are in course of arrangement.
Foolscap 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. net per vol.
CAMBRIDGE, ST. BENEDICT. TOWER Frontispiece
COUNTY CHURCHES
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
AND
THE ISLE OF ELY
BY
C. H. EVELYN-WHITE, F.S.A.
RECTOR OF RAMPTON, CAMBS.
Founder of the Cambs. and Hunts. ArchaDoloRical Society
Editor of the East Anglian; the Journals of WiUiam Dowsing ; the
Inventories of Church Goods (temp. Edw. VI.) in the County
of Cambridge and Isle of Ely ; Domesday
Book of Cambridgeshire, &c.
l^ofeM H,
WITH TWENTY-FOUR PLATES
LONDON
GEORGE ALLEN & COMPANY, LTD.
RUSKIN HOUSE
1911
[All rights reserved]
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson <&- Co. At the Ballantyne Press, Edinburgh
PREFACE
In describing the churches of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely I have endeavoured, as far as possible, to preserve a uniform plan, following the mention of the various parts of the church by such of its characteristics and adjuncts as I deemed material. It will doubtless be occasion- ally found that from one cause or another some object of interest has been overlooked, or others have in process of time been in some way altered, if not destroyed. In the latter case it may not be altogether disadvantageous to learn something of things ' as they were.' It is too much to hope that errors of description are altogether absent ; I can only trust that few of any importance will be found.
The descriptions of the several churches are necessarily brief, and the work must not be regarded as furnishing anything of the nature of a complete survey. Its concise arrangement and the restrictions imposed by a small volume present a formidable barrier in the way of
VI
PREFACE
adequate treatment. Owing to this limitation I have frequently refrained from making some passing comment or allusion which I desired to incorporate.
In addition to the names of parishes contained in the Index, such items only have been there noted that exhibit either some feature of par- ticular interest, or as grouping together a special class of objects not included in the more ordinary equipment of the several churches. Consequently references, e.g.^ to the numerous piscinae, sedilia, niches, stoups, (and for the most part) benches, fonts, monuments, &c., in common with the structural parts of the church, are partially given, and briefly alluded to in the Introduction. In part, at least, the Index presents a summary of such added characteristics as are subsidiary, and yet of sufficient importance to be specially noticed.
The information in regard to the Bishop's transcripts is of importance ; it will be seen that in some instances they are of earher date than the existing parish Register. Those of the clergy having deficient Registers would do well to supply from these transcripts (which are among the Bishop's muniments at Ely) what may be found lacking. A few parishes formerly in the diocese of Norwich, and certain ^peculiars,' have their transcripts unnoticed in these pages. Neglect
PREFACE vii
on the part of the clergy, and often, it is to be feared, the infliction of injury by irresponsible persons, have not infrequently deprived the Register of much of its value ; in such cases the transcripts are of the greatest importance.^ It may be interesting to relate that thirteen parishes in the county have Registers commencing in 153S (the year of Cromwell's injunction for the keeping of the Register). The Register of Elsworth has several very early baptismal entries ranging from 1528 to 1538.
The several indications v^^ith approximate dates of the work of restoration (as generally under- stood) are given, as furnishing a clue to at least some recent undertakings of this character. In too many instances so-called ' restoration ' has been attended with disastrous results.
In selecting illustrations; it has been my object to give those which are fairly representative (not necessarily those of greatest importance), and they will not, I feel sure, be adjudged unworthy types of the church architecture and ecclesiology of the County and Isle.
I am under particular obligation to the several friends who have most disinterestedly assisted me, and to them I tender my warmest thanks.
^ By a Convocation order in 1597 Register transcripts were directed to be forwarded to the Bishop of the diocese.
DATED EXAMPLES CAMBRIDGESHIRE CHURCHES
1324. Cambridge, St. Michael.
1349. Cambridge, St. Mary the Less.
1370. Sutton.
1382. Abington Piggotts (Porch).
1454. Haddenham (Roof).
1464. Burwell (Roof).
1478, 1 5 19. Cambridge, St. ]\Iar>' the Great.
1495. Isleham (Roof, &c.).
1547. Bourne (Stall Desks).
161 7. Cottenham (Tower).
1635. Barton (Pulpit).
1636. Great Eversden (Porch). 1638. Thorney (Tower).
1672. Borough Green (Font).
1673. East Hatley (Porch). 1735. Wendy.
1749. Wimpole.
1785. Knapwell (Nave).
1791. Manea.
CONTENTS
PAGE
DATED EXAMPLES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . xiv
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES ... xiv
INTRODUCTION xv
THE CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGE- SHIRE AND THE ISLE OF ELY . i
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA . . 209
INDEX 211
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Cambridge, St. Benedict. Tower . Frontispiece
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Ai.len)
Barrington, All Saints. Chest To face page 8
{From a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham)
BoTTiSHAM, St. Mary. Sedilia,
Chancel Screen, etc. . „ ,, 12
{From a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham")
Cambridge, St. Botolph. (sup- posed) Churchyard Well . ,, ,, 30
{From a photo by C, A. Evelyn-White)
Cambridge, St. Mary the
Great. Bench Ends ..,,,, 34
{From drazviugs by Rev. H. W. Birch)
Cambridge, St. Peter. South- east » n 38
{From a photo by Miss L, E. Beedham)
CovENEY, St. Peter. Carved
FiNiALS TO Bench Ends . „ „ 56
{From drawings by Rev. H. W. Birch) xi
xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
DowNHAM, St. Leonard. Font To face page 60
{From a drawing by Rev. H. W. Birch)
DuxFORD St. John. North-west „ „ 6
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
FoRDHAM, St. Peter, otherwise St. Mary. Stained Glass Roun- del (Fourteenth Century) . „ ,,7
{From a tracing by G. Montagu Benton)
Hauxton, St. Edmund. South
Doorway „ ,, c
{Fro)n a photo by G. Montagu Benton)
Histon, St. Andrew. Gable
[Rood] Cross . . . • ,, „ ic
{From a photo by C. A. Evelvn-White)
Horseheath, All Saints. Al-
LiNGTON Monument . . „ „ ic
{From a photo by Miss Catharine E. Parsons)
IcKLETON, St. Mary Magdalene.
West Doorway . . . ,, „ ic
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
IcKLETON, St. Mary Magdalene. Nave and South Aisle Ar- cade „ ,, IC
{Fro7H a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
Landbech, All Saints. Angel
Lectern, Pulpit, etc. . . „ ,, n
{From a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiii
Linton, St. Mary. Stoup in
South Porch . . . To face page 122
{From a photo by Dr. W. M. Palmer)
Madingley, St. Mary. Font . „ ,, 130
{From a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham)
Over, St. Mary. Window, South
Aisle »> » 142
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
Rampton, All Saints. South . ,, ,, 148
{From a photo byO.. A. Evelyn-White)
Soham, St. Andrew. Central
Arches . . . . • ?, j, 160
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
Soham, St. Andrew, Tower, etc. ,, „ 162
{From a photo by Dr. F. J. Allen)
SwAFFHAM Prior, (i) St. Mary,
(2) Sts. Cyriac and Julitta . „ ,, 174
{Frotn a photo by Miss L. E. Beedham)
Willingham, All Saints and St.
Mary. Sacristy Chapel . „ „ 198
WiTCHFORD, St. Nicholas. Font
(P- 204) „ „ 60
{Frovi a draiving by Rev. H. W. Birch)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
|
CCS |
= Cambridge Camden Society. |
|
Cent. |
= Century. |
|
Dec. |
= Decorated. |
|
E.E. |
= Early English. |
|
Norm, |
= Norman. |
|
Perp. |
== Perpendicular. |
|
Trans. |
= Transition. |
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES WITH APPROXIMATE DATES
I. Saxon or Pre-Norman. II. Norman
III. Transition
IV. Early English V. Transitioji
VI. Decorated VII. Transition VIII. Perpendicular
1066-1154 1154-1189 1189-1272 1272-1307 1307-1377 1377-1399 1399-1546
INTRODUCTION
If destitute of surroundings that by no stretch of imagination can be regarded as impressive, Cambridgeshire can lay claim to the posses- sion of some exceptionally fine churches, while the general average of its ecclesiastical struc- tures is in point of architectural character and historical interest sufficiently high to war- rant the assertion that few counties can upon the whole surpass them. The churches are no less remarkable in regard to their ecclesiological importance. This is particularly noticeable in the immediate neighbourhood of the fen district, where in situations, often remote and unpleasing, the art of the Middle Ages may be seen at its best. This has occasioned some cause for sur- prise, but it may in no small degree be accounted for by the influence exerted by Ely and the other great religious houses which were at once the homes of all that was best in church architecture. In this connection, too, the skilful manipulation of material may in many instances be recognised
XV i
xvi INTRODUCTION
as the outcome of religious art culture nurtured locally under the direction and influence of skilled craftsmen sent out by these monasteries. Then again, ready access by means of the wide- spreading fen waters enabled building materials to be conveyed in all directions with comparative freedom from the Continental centres where the great art guilds were established. We may also attribute to commercial enterprise and maritime intercourse, particularly during the 15th cent., the acquisition of much rich treasure which embellished our churches.
Passing as they have for the most part through periods of strange vicissitude, the churches have emerged, as we see them to-day, for the most part monuments of loving care and indicative of reverent and discreet guardianship. To say that they are in a greater or less degree esteemed for their grace of proportion and artistic charm is but to utter a truism ; qualities, however, of a far higher order that rest upon the ennobling principles that governed their existence, cause them to be enshrined in the affectionate regard of all who are capable of appreciating them.
Early in the days of the Roman occupation it is not too much to suppose that Christianity exerted sufficient influence to acquire a place for public worship in not a few centres. At all events
INTRODUCTION xvii
many of the sites now occupied by the churches of our land were undoubtedly graced by Roman temples. It was the central spot from which a civilising influence went forth, and it possessed the affections of the people. The architecture of the Roman temple doubtless influenced the builders of the first Christian edifices, and many of our churches seem to have been actually placed where we find them to-day, in positions of close proximity to the actual settlements occupied by the Romans. The question is often raised in regard to the distance of the parish church from what has constantly been regarded as the centre of the village ; the explanation may not improbably be found in the connection that existed between the old and the new meeting places for religious worship. During the govern- ment of the Romans important settlements and no insignificant military posts were dotted over Cambridgeshire, and particularly on the fen border.
The church of St. Peter's, Cambridge, stands on part of the old Roman city (where many relics of the ancient occupation have been found), the particular site of the church being occupied (so the late Mr. Essex and others have con- jectured with some show of probability) by a temple raised in honour of Diana, and the
xviii INTRODUCTION
church itself is in part built of Roman materials. At Ickleton (where the Granta crosses the Ickneild way) the church possibly possesses in the monolith piers of the nave work brought from the Roman station close by, and it is conceivable that these monoliths of barnack stone may have formed a part of the arcading of a Roman hall.
Cambridge itself and many places around were early devastated by the Danes, the assault in 870 being largely directed against the churches ; then it was that the Abbeys of Ely, Thorney, and Soham were wasted ; and again in lOio, after a temporary release, the town of Cambridge was burned by the relentless Northmen. The cessation of Danish hostilities at this period signalises the infusion of new life and vigour in raising Christian churches. Sculpture, such as that found in the church of St. Nicholas, Ipswich, appear to celebrate the event in the dedication of the church where ^^ St. Michael vanquished the Dane." It is scarcely cause for wonder that so thorough a clearance was made of the churches that previously existed in Cam- bridgeshire, when it is remembered that it was the church in the fen district, rendered easily accessible to the Danes by the vast stretch of waters, that was mainly aimed at.
INTRODUCTION xix
The lack of discrimination in regard to early English architecture has led to much confusion. Reference is constantly made to work which undoubtedly belongs to the accepted Norman period as Saxon, remains of which are very scanty; this is particularly the case in respect of those details that present features not usually associated with broad Norman outlines.^ As a consequence Saxon remains have frequently been noted where none actually exist. This has been the case in respect of certain Cambridgeshire churches. The Norman builders appear to have made a comparatively clean sweep of the Saxon churches, not a few of which were undoubtedly mainly constructed of stone ; such fragmentary remains as are left sufficiently warrant the as- sumption. Even the churches of Roman Britain possibly showed sufficient indications of their structural form to enable them to be rebuilt, or, rather, the old material to be utilised, while the ancient sites were not abandoned. In many places, as we have seen, the heathen temple would doubtless become the Christian church, and it seems quite probable that the Cambridge
^ It must, however, be borne in mind that not only was Saxon art open to Norman influence, but Saxon and Norman architecture did not materially differ, and were practically a modification of the Romanesque.
XX INTRODUCTION
church of St. Peter followed the pagan structure. The knot-work once so prevalent in ancient sculpture, and frequently labelled * runic/ is usually associated with the Saxon period, and possibly much of this class of carved stone belongs to pre-Norman times. The device was commonly employed in sepulchral stones, e.g. coffin-lids, crosses, &c., and these memorials of the dead being brought to light, have been utilised in many a Cambridgeshire church by church builders in all periods down to the pre- sent time. In a large number of churches in the county the walls will be found to contain on their outer face fragments of this graven stone ; in some instances quite large panels have been inserted in the walls of porches and else- where, while much of the masonry representative of later times which now adorn our churches will be found on examination to have the pattern worked on the hidden surface. Some good examples of this class have been recently found at Rampton. Undoubted traces of Saxon work, particularly the ' long and short ' quoining, is often concealed by rough cast or plaster ; where undoubted remains exist, it is safe to affirm that the buildings are older than the I2th cent. The deep and widely splayed early lancets at Little Abington and the Norman circular openings, as
INTRODUCTION xxi
at Linton, furnish us with the style of window originally found in village churches of the period. There is a tradition that St. Anselm was present at the consecration of St. Giles Church, Cam- bridge, in the nth cent.; what remains of the first building, now at east end of south aisle of the present church, is the original chancel arch. The blocked north doorway of Little Abington seems to present in the masonry of its rudely constructed semicircular arch, ornamented on the imposts with star and billet mouldings, one of the earliest examples of Norman, if not late Saxon, work. The same church has additional marks of its ancient character. At Orwell there are indications of a Norman church, north and south between tower and nave, where rounded angle shafts are exposed. The Norman church at Hauxton was found on examination some years ago to have had originally a semicircular apse ; the only other instance in the county of a similar feature, as far as I am aware, is the apse at Isleham priory chapel. Excellent examples of Norman doorways, piers, arches, fonts, &c., are found throughout the county. Norman figured tympana (? dedication stones) occur at Bottisham (now let into an interior wall), Duxford St. John, Kirtling, and Pampisford. The chancel arch at Stapleford is particularly good.
xxii INTRODUCTION
Cambridgeshire, which was formerly included in the extensive diocese of Lincoln, was, with the exception of a few parishes, taken over to form a part of the newly constituted see of Ely (founded iio8).^ Further, the county was brought almost immediately under the super- vision of the Archdeacon of Ely, who exercised a jurisdiction which occasionally brought him into conflict with the Bishop, and it was only recently that the vexed question of what parishes are or are not exempt from particular control was settled.
The exact enumeration of the Cambridgeshire churches is attended with some difficulty, chiefly owing to the constant changes that have occurred. The present division of the county into eleven deaneries (one, Fordham, being in the Sudbury archdeaconry) with four other parishes in the Sudbury deanery of Thurlow, is of comparatively recent formation. These deaneries are named from parishes or towns, except North Stowe, which is the name of an Hundred, and was substituted for Chesterton when that extensive parish passed into the Cambridge deanery, and considerable rearrangement was effected.^
1 Previous to the statute 6 & 7 Wm. IV. c 71, the county of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely made up the diocese of Ely.
^ The loss of the ancient deanery name of ' Chesterton ' was of course regrettable ; but seeing that change was inevitable, I
INTRODUCTION xxiii
1 have intimated that the number of parishes in the county has been subject to perplexing variation. Wolsey, as quoted by Camden, gives 163 ; HeyHn reduces it to 141 ; the Magna Britannia^ pubhshed 1720, raises it to 183 ; while Lysons brings it to 165. My own cal- culation, up to date, places the number of ancient churches at 169. In the strict sense a parish occasionally has ceased to be ecclesiastical owing to church dilapidation or depopulation ; some parishes again, once consolidated, have become disunited, while others have been brought to- gether. In several cases ancient chapelries are found annexed, or new churches have arisen. The number of the latter included in the following pages is 25. The numerical disparity noted above may be in a large measure attributed to different methods of reckoning.
The number of county churches in Cambridge- shire and the Isle of Ely, including those in Cambridge itself, may then be taken as 194, which includes the modern churches of ecclesi- astical districts and the like. In the following pages the latter are entered, but as a rule only very briefly described. Of the old parish churches
suggested * North Stowe' as the least objectionable substitute at a ruri-decanal chapter, and the bishop, through the rural dean, accepted it.
xxiv INTRODUCTION
now existing, sixteen are consolidated ; one church, Stretham, retains in use its ancient chapel, Thetford ; four old churches are found united with non-existent ancient chapels. Some of the hamlets where church accommodation has of late been provided possessed ancient chapels which are mentioned under the respective parishes in the following pages. In five parishes the churches have entirely disappeared.
The county churches existing at the Norman Conquest were undoubtedly numerous and struc- turally important ; the scanty remains of Saxon work are sufficient to assure us of this. The Domesday survey takes slight notice of the parish churches ; indeed the mention where it occurs is quite casual. In certain counties no mention is made of churches ; in Cambridgeshire they are practically passed over. The com- missioners acting for the county adhered strictly to their instructions and enumerated taxable property only. The mention of church or priest can only be regarded as incidental, but the church, as an incontestable piece of evidence of the parochial system, clearly existed. The church, as a structure, is only twice mentioned, viz. at Cambridge and Teversham, in both cases owing to a connection with taxable property. At Shelford, and also at Meldreth, the term
INTRODUCTION xxv
Dionastcriicui is used, and tliis expression, by documents subsidiary to * Domesday/ is taken as equivalent to 'church.' The ^ nionasterium^ may represent a church not presided over by a single presbyter, but governed by a community of two or more persons, who, having taken vow^s, were not prohibited from the exercise of a wider sphere of influence ; they in fact would form a college of secular canons. The neigh- bouring counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Lincoln were possessed of more than one-half of the total number of churches recorded in * Domes- day,' and possibly some special influence was brought to bear upon the king's officers to have produced such a result. In any case the church stood on land subject to some lord, and was reckoned as paying geld with the lord's estate. The ecclesiastical influence of the religious foundations in Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely is sufficient to indicate the importance of the church buildings generally at the Norman period. Even the small village church having any connection with a conventual body is, even now, often able to point to the interesting archi- tectural features which it possesses in common with the imposing edifice which nurtured it. Some such influence may even be discerned in regard to the holdings of foreign ecclesiastics
xxvi INTRODUCTION
in different parts of the county. There is not the sHghtest doubt but that the earlier churches so connected, as Chesterton (Abbey of VerceUi), Dulhngham (Abbey of St. Wendrille), Fen Drayton (Abbey of Bon Repos in Normandy), Swavesey (Abbey of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus, Normand}^); carried unmistakable marks of such association.
In like manner the Norman church architecture of the county has been very largely displaced, so that comparatively few structures remain that to any extent may be said to mark the period. The thirteenth century has bequeathed to us the beautiful work of the Early English style, fashioned largely upon the Norman, but pos- sessing its own well-known characteristic features. Some beautiful examples are to be found in the county of churches that not only display evidence of the style, but quite a large number that exhibit in their ground-plan unquestionable indications of settled arrangement that has scarcely been disturbed. The not infrequent occurrence of Early English arches resting upon Norman piers is very marked, e.g. in the nave of St. Mary's, Ely, the chancel arch at Rampton, and elsewhere. This feature either points to a considerable interval between the sectional work, to the necessity of acquiring greater stability afforded
INTRODUCTION xxvii
by the pointed arch, or what may have come to be regarded as an architectural improvement. It is an interesting problem. The Early English clerestories with lancet lights at Elm and Little Downham and the west triforium of the former church are interesting. It is, however, to the Decorated period that we refer most of our church buildings as they now exist. So far as Cambridgeshire is concerned, it was the period during which the main work of building anew was carried on. Churches were then rearranged, and in many instances the taste which had been developed in the previous century gave place to a widespread movement which has resulted in our proud possession of numerous buildings of singular merit. The subsequent style that came in towards the close of the 14th cent. — the Perpendicular — introduces us not only to a church building era, but also to a time when considerable alterations and additions were made to the existing structures. While roofs of a more or less ornate character were raised and clerestories formed, the pitch of roofs was in many cases altered. The insertion of enlarged arches and windows in accordance with the prevailing taste was actively pursued, and we are consequently left with churches that in the main possess all the different styles. Much
xxviii INTRODUCTION
light is thrown upon the church building opera- tions of the last-named period in the entries furnished by the books of church accounts.^
The influence of the great church architect, Alan de Walsingham, is very marked throughout the county during the 14th cent., especially in regard to churches more immediately associated with the mother church of Ely. It is not improb- able that most of the church building enterprises of the period were more or less under his par- ticular direction. Some of the finest examples of the Dec. style in the county, not to mention his superb creation the Lady Chapel at Ely (parish church of the Holy Trinity), has been attributed to Alan. The building activity of the 1 5th and early 1 6th centuries is everywhere apparent. Subse- quent structural changes during the progress of the Reformation are admittedly infinitesimal, being nominally restricted to the overthrow of what was deemed offensive ; much that the re- ligious zeal of past generations had raised was then ruthlessly destro3'ed. As a consequence the churches were generally left in a sad condition.
^ The parish of Bassingbourne possesses a specially valuable set of these records (1498-1534) that exhibit varied forms of expenditure, including structural repairs and the provision of church ornaments ; this particular undertaking was, upon completion, celebrated in joyous fashion, which included the performance of a Miracle play.
INTRODUCTION xxix
To quote from one of the Homilies: ** It is a sin and a shame to see so many churches so ruinous and so foully decayed almost in every quarter." Sad excesses of frenzied zeal were well-nigh continuous for a long period of years. ^
The Ely Visitation of 1685 discloses a sorry picture of the condition of the churches in the Archdeaconry, stated in many instances to have been in a ruinous and filthy condition ; walls likely to fall; pillars broken, floors sunken, and some- times the church in use as a pigeon house. The town plough was deposited in more than one church.^ The font seems specially to have been neglected (at East Hatley the ancient font formed the steps to a stable). The thatched covering of certain churches was stated to be ' pittiful ' and 'very nasty,' and there were " extream ill great holes at which the pidgeons come in." The reed- thatched roofs have, with two exceptions, disap- peared ; Coveney was the last church to divest itself of this picturesque but not wholly desirable
^ I find it impossible here to refer to the depredations of the iconoclastic rabble that under William Dowsing invaded the churches of the county where the Parliamentary influence was so great : I have elsewhere dealt with this sacrilegious tour.
- Ploughs, perhaps those formerly used in the Plough Mon- day observance, were quite recently found in the churches of Harrington and Bassingbourne ; the two in the last-named church may still remain.
XXX INTRODUCTION
form of covering. The churches retaining it are Long Stanton St. Michael and Rampton (nave only).^
The Cambridgeshire churches are in the main built of clunch rubble, loosely connected together ; indeed the core of many a wall upon removal of the covering plaster is absolutely without cohesion. This inferior wall construction, yielding to slight pressure, jeopardises window tracery and the like. Barnack stone from the famous Northants quarries enters largely into the structure of the older churches, and with quoins of Ketton ashlar, Sec, give a measure of solidity to walls largely over- laid with rough cast. This general form of cover- ing appears to have been invariably good ; the modern substitute has frequently been used with bad effect. The practice of dispensing with rough cast, leaving the outer wall uncovered and the stones pointed, is now generally followed. The extensive clunch quarries at Burwell and else- where were largely drawn upon.^ This easily worked stone of hard chalk is used for well-nigh every class of work, from the richly sculptured canopy to the simple masonry of the walls ;
^ I have dealt with the subject of " thatched churches" at some length in ihe Atitiquary, vol. xxxviii.
2 There are no stone quarries in the neighbourhood ; the requisite material had to be conveyed by navigable streams.
INTRODUCTION xxxi
frequently it appears on the exterior, for which it is ill suited. A conglomerate or gravel stone found in the neighbourhood has been much used in outer wall facing. At Histon St. Andrew a peculiar red oolite (probably Ketton stone) is employed in the shafts of arcades and windows. Only very slight use has been made of squared flints.
The large size of many churches, e,g. Sutton, Burwell, &c., when viewed in regard to a popula- tion that must always have been small, is a fre- quent cause for remark. The zeal and devotion of mediaeval church builders was not circumscribed. Pilgrims making their way to such a shrine as Ely would assemble in these churches in con- siderable numbers, and bring liberal offerings.
The towers ^ with but few exceptions are not remarkable. All periods are represented, from the well-knit Saxon tower of St. Benet's, Cam- bridge, the round towers of Bartlow and Snail- well, and so onwards. Of the several remaining church spires, some are of considerable beauty, e.g. Whittlesea and Leverington. Some of the window tracery is remarkably fine. Much of the interest- ing old stained glass has disappeared ; the most perfect is found at Leverington and Landwade,
^ Several illustrated in Dr. F. J. Allen's paper in Proceedings Camb. Antiq. Soc, vol. xiii.
C
xxxii INTRODUCTION
but several churches possess interesting frag- ments. Several of the open timber roofs are of elaborate construction, and carry rich and varied ornamentation, exhibiting the best features of the 14th and 15th centuries. More ordinary timber roofs, panelled and ribbed, with bosses and other ornamental details, adorn many a smaller church. The stone-groined roofs of porches, although in- frequent, are of interest : the former chancel roof of Holy Trinity, Cambridge, had stone vaulting. The beauty and general excellence of many a timber covering was long hidden beneath plaster. Corbel heads or masks, found often at the intersec- tion of the nave and aisle arches and elsewhere, are probably in large part portraits. At Willing- ham a large array of this form of sculpture has been entirely defaced. At Chatteris the corbel heads have been freshly carved or modelled anew. Rood and parclose screens present features of some interest. Several have lately disappeared.^ Many are more or less fragmentary. At Guilden Morden there exists one of the most remarkable examples. It seems to have furnished chapel privacy, and it has been conjectured that the pierced panel openings afforded convenience for hearing confessions. The erection of rood-screens
^ An interesting canopy fragment of the Histon St. Etheldreda screen is in the Archaeological Museum at Cambridge.
INTRODUCTION xxxiii
and the attached or inserted stairway has led to frequent mutilation of masonry. The remains of painting is scanty, especially in regard to panel figures. The rood-altar is often indicated by niche or piscina in the immediate vicinity; it was accounted a privilege to be interred at the foot of the rood-altar, both niche and fine monumental slab covering a stone coffin are in this position at Rampton. The dark oak partition screen now at the east end of the two aisles in the church of St. Mary the Great, Cambridge (originally ex- tending across the entire width), enclosed the chapels of Our Lady and St. Andrew. Erected by Bishop Cosin in 1640, this chancel screen was " ruined " by " multitudes of enraged soldiers (let loose to reform)," and *' this screen had not one jot of imagery or statue work about it." ^
The excellence of the woodwork is noticeable ; the stalls with and without misericords are fairly numerous. Well - nigh every form of carved bench end, ranging from the plainest form of poppy head to the most elaborate design, are still to be found. Many of the finials are curious re- presentations, in which the human and animal form oddly combine. Some of the earliest date as far back as the 14th cent. The 14th and 15 th cent, pulpits at Fulbourne and Willingham are ^ Querela Cantabrigiensis.
xxxiv INTRODUCTION
specially good. At Oakington a dark oak settle forms the sedile. Many churches possess the old hand bier. Hatchments still attest, as at Chat- teris and elsewhere, " the boast of heraldry and the pomp of power." The ancient chests are fairly numerous ; some of exceptional interest.
The dedications of Cambridgeshire churches are interesting in connection with the recurrence of the anniversary festival — the feast — usually kept (or originally so planned) on the Sunday next or before the festival of the saint whose name the church bears. Much misconception prevails in consequence of arbitrary change leading to great uncertainty. Where the feast is coincident with the assumed dedication, it may be held to determine the matter.^ St. Mary the Virgin is associated with upwards of fifty churches, All Saints has about half that number, while St. Andrew follows with some twenty dedications. St. Etheldreda is remembered in a single modern dedication ; the ancient destroyed church of Histon was apparently the only Cambridgeshire church so dedicated. The strange dedication attached to Cheveley, St. Mary and the Holy Host (sometimes given as St. Mary and the
^ E.g. Fordham is sometimes given as (i) St. Peter, (2) St. Mary ; the feast is held June 29 (St. Peter's day), so the latter may be accepted as correct.
INTRODUCTION xxxv
Holy G/iost), seems to be without authority, being possibly derived from the form of bequest in ancient wills, " I bequeathe m}' soule to ... to St. Mary and to all the hoolie host of heven," and the church is referred to as "Ye Chyrche of Seynt Marie of Heven." At Eltisley, St. Pan- diana, and at March, St. Wendreda, point to local influence of more than ordinary interest.
The county has been deprived of a large number of its ancient bells by the process of re-casting. Out of 710 bells, only 55 can be assigned to a date earlier than the middle of the 1 6th cent.^ Many of the earhest existing bells are formed from the ancient metal. The earliest (13th cent.) are found at All Saints, Cambridge, at Kennett (second bell), and per- haps the third at Elm. Madingley, Cherry Hinton, and Conington have J 4th cent, bells. At Chippenham the fourth of five bells has the impressed head of Edward HI. Bells are invariably associated with a particular saint, and as at Rampton (where St. Oswald — a stranger in East Anglia — is honoured by a Sancte Oswalde Ora Pro Nobis due to the Scrope — Cambs. and Yorks. — influence) are often of historical im- portance. The earliest dated bells are two at
1 No less than 670 ancient bells were enumerated temp. Edward VI.
C 2
xxxvi INTRODUCTION
Isleham (1516) and Wood Ditton (1588), The bell inscriptions at Conington (three are of pre-Reformation date) are specially interesting^ the tenor and treble bells have just been re-cast, the ancient inscriptions being retained.
The Easter Sepulchre is generally associated with a recess in N. wall of chancel, occasion- ally known as 'the Founder's tomb.' The position generally was taken up alike for ' the Founder's tomb ' and the Easter ceremonies. This form of recess leads me to speak of its relationship with the so-called ' low-side window ' frequently found in Cambridgeshire churches. At Cheveley, e.g., there is, facing the Easter Sepulchre, a double low-side opening which marks this connection, an oft-recurring feature. It seems to furnish a clue to the express purpose of the ' low-side window,' concerning which there has been so much difference of opinion. While the * low-side window ' may have been utilised for a variety of purposes, e.g. ventilation (when windows were without casements) and for general use, &c., it was, I suggest, mainly con- structed to afford a view from without of the Easter Sepulchre, and generally placed at a height favourable to devotion.^ The Lenten veil
1 A striking confirmation of such usage is afforded in the sumptuous decking of the chief idol in the temples of India,
INTRODUCTION xxxvii
being drawn (the marks where the veil was fixed may be still seen in some Cambridgeshire churches) would effectually bar the interior view. It was customary to watch the lavishly adorned sepulchre, and it is reasonable to suppose that the shutter being removed gave the people the desired opportunit}^ The Easter Sepulchre observance can scarcely be older than the 13th cent., and no ' low-side window ' is earlier. That the * low-side window ' is occasionally found not only on the south side but also on the north does not militate against this theory, seeing that an exclusive use of the ^ low-side window ' is not insisted upon; any variation in position must be viewed as answering some particular require- ment. To these unglazed apertures to which the term * low-side window ' is applied (I discard the foolish appellation ' Lepers' window ') I would give the designation speculatories.
Niches, or wall openings, have been largely uncovered during recent years, only in many instances to disappear. One of singular interest was found on the E. side of N. transept window at Holy Trinity Church, Cambridge, in close proximity to the altar of St. Erasmus, and
where identically similar low-side openings afford a view to devotees and others, who are only allowed at stated intervals to gaze upon the shrine and its gorgeously attired occupant.
xxxviii INTRODUCTION
contained the image of a mitred abbot richly coloured.^ The tall narrow niche in the S. aisle wall at Gamlingay, for processional cross or banner staves, is a fine example. At Cheveley, in chancel wall, facing the priest's door, reaching to the floor, is a similar locker. Holy water stoups, more or less mutilated, are not numerous; they are generally found in a wall recess in the S.E. angle of the porch, or within at the S., sometimes at the N. doorway, or even outside as at Gamlingay. Occasionally the stoup rests on a pillared bracket. In the W. porch at Chatteris the angle stoup is of double canopied form. Piscinas are numerous and varied, and date from the 13th cent. Many are double, ^having inter- laced or trefoiled arches. At Chatteris a former mutilated example has been worked into a single piscina. At Bottisham the singular E.E. double piscina is divided by a shaft, with square head and horizontal mouldings above ; sedilia of three E.E. arches adjoin. Occasionally the sediha is double only, as in S. aisle at Little Wilbraham, where it is graduated and divided by stone par- tition or elbow. It is sometimes found simply in the lowered sill of S.E. window, as at Balsham. The larger number of fonts belong to the Perp. period, but with the exception of the magnificent ^ Now in Cambridge Archseological Museum.
INTRODUCTION xxxix
font at Leverington and two or three of lesser note, the series is not remarkable. The Dec. fonts are fairly numerous, usually more or less plain. The E.E. fonts are of special importance, usually square basins resting on shafts. Norman fonts (not uncommon) possess features of interest, and are generally older than any other part of the church. Where they have not been tampered with they bear the marks of the obligatory fastenings.
Interesting portions of alabaster or clunch statuary of the altar reredos {tabula retro altare)y richly gilt and coloured, have been, during recent years, taken from places of concealment. Bishop Thomas de Insula gave to St. Mary the Less, Cambridge, in 1357, ^'quasdam tabulas depictas ad ornatum summi altaris." These re-tables fell in 1 541, under Bishop Goodrich's injunction, enforced in 1550 at a diocesan synod at Barn- well.
There are numerous monumental brasses, most of which have fine effigies, including one of the earliest and best known, that of Sir Roger de Trumpington, 1286. The finest monumental effigies of early date are those at Little Shelford, Borough Green, and Rampton.^
The walls of most Cambridgeshire churches
^ Illustrated in Stothard's Monumental Effigies,
xl INTRODUCTION
were covered with paintings. Traces more or less perfect have from time to time been found upon the clearing of superincumbent plaster and whitewash. The complete discovery of a subject is in many cases well-nigh impossible owing to the state of the walls. Many of these mural paintings have been cruelly destroyed within living memory. Several that remain are of con- siderable interest. One at Lolworth (14th cent.) represents the '^ Incredulity of St. Thomas," another at Hauxton, St. Thomas of Canterbury.
The ornamental ironwork with which doors are occasionally more or less overlaid is often good ; the hinges frequently ramify the greater part of the surface. The door handles, and even the locks and keys, are sometimes notice- able.
Gargoyles, serving as outlets for the rain from off the church roofs, are frequent, and often seem to suggest the horrors associated with a torrent of waters and the watery wastes of the fen land.
Old gravestones, quaintly carved, chiefly of 1 8th cent, date, and fashioned by local masons, abound. Chatteris, which has one of the best displays of this well-nigh obsolete art, has on the S. side of churchyard a series of * catacombs/ bricked-up arches, the spaces utiHsed as vaults. The removal of a number of very fine slabs
INTRODUCTION xli
from the church into the churchyard is regret- table.
Some interest centres in wells or springs situate in churchyards. An uncovered well is at Long Stanton St. Michael ; a spring on the N. side of Coton church may have been similarly a Holy well. The ornamental coved structure of stone in the churchyard of St. Botolph, Cambridge, is presumably a conduit, the stream passing by the west door of the church culverted to this point.
During the past half century there has been a great revival of interest in the ancient parish churches. Viewed simply as historical land*- marks they are of inestimable importance. In ill-advised attempts to replace lost features of interest irreparable injury has frequently resulted ; more especially is this the case when ancient de- tails are sacrificed in the introduction of some fancy renewal or incongruous addition. Those entrusted with the care of a church should have an enlarged conception of the principles that ought to govern any attempt at structural renovation ; in a word, all should be done in the spirit of reverent conservation.
The exigencies of space have obliged me to omit a number of topics of interest and import- ance, and generally to curtail my remarks. The
xlii INTRODUCTION
omission of all reference in this Introduction to destroyed and desecrated churches, church plate, architectural and other peculiarities, chantries, religious houses, &c., and also an account of the various MSS. and printed works relating to the county churches, must be assigned to this cause.
THE CHURCHES OF
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
AND ISLE OF ELY
Abington, Great, S.E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. porch, and W. tower (which is held up by immense timbers and heavily ironed), one bell and priest's bell, places for five bells. Chancel E.E., E. window Perp., double piscina E.E., window of two lights, the sill forming sediHa. A niche on N. side. No chancel arch. Remains of rood staircase, and window to lighten loft. Nave of four arches Dec, plain architraves, piers formed of four semicircular shafts, nave and aisle windows Perp., those on N. side peculiarly placed. S. porch Perp. Tower E.E. W. window a good triplet. Font Norm., octagonal on a circular base, built into adjacent wall. Monument with alabaster recumbent effigy to Sir Wm. Haulton, Kt., of Middle Temple {ob. 1636). The interior walls being unplastered present a singular ap- pearance. Register, 1664. Bishop's Transcript,
1608. Restored, 1895.
A
2 THE CHURCHES OF
Abington, Little, S.E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary : Chancel, nave, N. transept, S. porch, embattled W. tower, one bell (the tenor of a peal). Chancel E.E. E. window three lancets (stained glass). Double piscina with tooth moulding. Lofty chancel arch and wall opening on N. side. Perp. rood-screen (late). Transept E.E. Piscina in N.E. pier of arch. The nave is Dec, with Norm. (? Saxon) doorway on N. side. Piscina on S. side. Porch late Perp., with inner Norm, doorway. Tower early Dec, with lancet arch. Font E.E., square basin on central and angular shafts. Some good quarries of old glass. Traces are found about blocked N. (Saxon) doorway of so-called Celtic design known as *knot- work.' Register, 1668. Bp.'s Transcript, 1623. Restored, 1885.
Abington Piggotts {Abijigton-in-the-Clay ^ or Abingi07i juxta Shingay)^ S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Michael: Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, two bells. Chancel early Dec. East window late Perp. Chancel arch Dec Perp. rood-screen, entrance to rood-loft visible. Piscina little more than a niche. Nave Perp., with plain open roof. Porch Perp., bears date 1382. Tower Perp. Font modern. Monumental brass to civilian, possibly a Piggott, with 8 sons and 8 daughters (wife lest), c. 1460, principal
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 3
figure 3 feet in Icngtli, no inscription. There have apparently been others. Various Piggott memo- rials. Register, 1653. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Arrington, S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Nicholas : Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower (brick) with low spire, one bell (1583). Chancel early Dec. Windows have plain intersecting mul- lions, very fine E.E. double piscina, with inter- secting arches and mutilated sedilia. Nave has Dec. arches. Originally there were N. and S. aisles, arches remain in the walls. Perp. windows inserted below. Tower early Dec, arch plain without caps. S. porch modern. Old open seats remain in nave, also roof tie-beams. Font Norm., tub-shaped, rude and massive. Some reputed 'Saxon' remains. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored, 1894.
Ashley cum Silverley, S.E. of Newmarket. — Ashley St. Mary is ruinated ; seems to have been Dec. (about a mile from village). The chapel, simply a nave with low Dec. tower, gave place in 1845 to present cruciform building of flint and Bath stone dressings, consisting of chancel, nave, transepts, and W. turret, one bell. Silverley All Saints has Dec. tower only remaining; once a fair-sized church, with nave, chancel, N. and S. porches. An older church may be traced. Re- gister, 1746.
4 THE CHURCHES OF
Babraham (in Park), N. of Cambridge. — St. Peter : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, porches, N. and S. embattled W. tower, two bells. Chan- cel Dec, sedilia E.E., piscina. Double aumbry. E. window Perp., of three lights, the tracery moulded, mullions and jambs plain. Two Dec. windows of two lights. Lancets blocked in E. and N. walls. Priest's door. The old pews remain. Chancel arch Perp. On S. side of chancel arch trefoiled niche. Nave of four arches Perp., with debased clerestory windows (3 and 4), two lights under square heads. Large porches, with open windows Perp. Floor of S. aisle elevated, vault beneath. At E. end (window blocked) a marble monument, with effigies to Richard Bennet {ob. 1658) and Sir Thos. Bennet, Bart. {pb. 1667). Early Dec. window (S.E.) of two lights, transomed, low-side window beneath. Dec. piscina. Some old open seats. Font octagonal on stem, with Perp. cover. Pulpit and reading-desk of primitive arrangement by E. nave pier. Gallery at W. end. Tablet to Thomas Feltham. Monuments to the Adeanes. The matrix of a priest's brass on chancel floor. Coffin-lid with Maltese cross. A chantry (St. Mary) founded here latter half of 13th cent. Sir Horatio Palavicini (of Genoa, naturalised 1586), collector of papal dues (which on Queen
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 5
Elizabeth's accession he appropriated and built Babraham Hall), was buried here. Register, 156 1. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored (several win- dows renewed), 1906.
Balsham, S.W. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity: Fine and interesting church, rebuilt by John de Sleford, rector [pb. 1401). Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, five bells. Chancel Dec, with large five-light E. window. Priest's door S. side (blocked). Double set of windows N. and S. ; lower Dec, upper plain Perp. The six nave arches have piers deeply moulded, apparently Dec, but may be later. Clerestory and porch Perp. Fine 14th cent, rood-screen in excellent preservation, stairs in an angle by S. aisle and chancel, perfect ascent throughout to loft. Twenty-four fine oak stalls with miseri- cords placed in chancel by John de Sleford (Master of Wardrobe to Edward III.), who is commemorated in a fine effigy brass (1401), in which he appears vested in magnificent cope, with embroidered orphreys, under an imposing triple canopy, with seraphim, &c. These stalls were evidently occupied by chantry priests, to- gether with the rector and chaplains.^ Another
^ Wm. de Oulthoipe, rector, bequeathed loo marks for twenty chaplains to celebrate for one year for his soul and the soul of John Hotham, late Bp. of Ely.
6 THE CHURCHES OF
fine brass to John Blodwell (pb. 1462), vested in cope ornamented with lions' heads, and orphreys embroidered with figures of saints, under canopy containing saints' effigies in shaft niches, with a curious dialogue inscription. Font duodecagonal, with octagonal shaft. Another brass in N. aisle {c. 1475), a man in armour. The brasses possibly spared when Dowsing visited this church, owing to the influence of the then rector. Dr. Templer. In S. aisle wall an ogee piscina with finial. S. door is ancient work. Some good open seats, and carved bench end poppy heads. Re- naissance carving on front of lectern. Tower early Dec, strongly buttressed. W. door and windows blocked by additional buttress, render- ing lower stage of tower quite dark. This work in connection with tower (probably owing to the necessity- for strengthening the fabric) was carried out in 1589. Porch has good characteristic gargoyles. Some N. aisle windows have fine old glass in tracery, canopies of destroyed window subjects. Royal arms remain in nave. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1605. Re- stored, 1875.
Barrington, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. chantry chapel, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower, six bells. Chancel Dec, with four windows, two
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i
lights, flowing tracery, and lancet on N. side. E. window five lights Perp. Good Dec. piscina and priest's doorway. Chancel arch E.E., with triple shafts, moulded caps, and nail-head ornament. Nave of five arches on clustered E.E. piers of four round shafts, caps moulded and ornamented with nail head. Clerestory good Perp., of two lights, with pointed arches; externally they have hoods with foliated spandrils. N. aisle Perp., with good windows and original roof. Chantry chapel (founded here by John Admond, 1471)^ late Perp., contiguous to N. aisle, having two low arches. Perp. piscina and aumbry with shelf. A mutilated niche at E. end. At W. end of this chapel Perp. porch. S. aisle has E.E. walls, Dec. E. win- dow, Perp. side windows, roof plain. Good Perp. corbels throughout the church. S. doorway fine E.E., richly moulded arch, with tooth and nail ornament. Three shafts in jambs on either side, tooth ornament between. Some caps have leaf foliage. Oak door good Dec, with flowing tracery in porch angle. Windows fine early Perp. Parapets are embattled. Stoup, muti- lated, has canopy over. Inner arch of doorway has tooth ornament. Tower arch good Perp. Responds with moulded caps on earlier springing
* There were two other chantries, that of St. Mary, and one founded by Lady Haslerton.
8 THE CHURCHES OF
stones. Tower Perp., with large buttresses reaching to parapet. Belfry windows and low W. window Perp., lancet-shaped loops on ringing floor. On outside wall S. aisle, Dec, recessed arch probably leading to a chantry chapel, or may be sepulchral. In tower an aumbry with ancient oak doors. Nave seated with 1 5th cent, benches finely carved, having book boards. Jacobean pulpit. Desk made out of Perp. rood-screen. Norm, or E.E. font, square basin on Dec. base, mutilated shafts at angles panelled. Rood staircase perfect. Fine oak (?Norm.) iron-bound chest. Register, 1563. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1874-91.
Bartlow, E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: Chan- cel, nave, N. porch, round W. tower embattled. A peal of three untouched mediaeval bells, with black letter inscriptions and interesting founders' shields. Chancel Dec, E. window Perp., chan- cel arch without caps. Cinquefoil piscina. N. and S. windows Dec, two lights, some old glass. In S. wall of nav« a piscina. Three windows Perp., one Dec. Octagonal font Perp., plain. On N. wall of nave a painting of St. Christopher. Porch Perp. The feature of the church is the circular tower, early Dec, having the walls 6 feet thick. Arch of lancet form. Register, 1573. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Barton, W.S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Peter:
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 9
Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower with pinnacles and turret, four bells. Chancel windows Dec, E. window Perp. ; hood mould may be E.E., arch quite plain, without piers. Aumbry and piscina. Beautiful rood-screen Perp., very good specimen, enriched with shields of arms, doors missing.^ String Dec, with scroll moulding, runs under the windows in- ternally, and carried over N. and S. doorways. Nave windows Dec, with good hood moulds and terminal masks within and without. The windows of two trefoiled lights with quatrefoil above. Under N.E. nave window a piscina Dec, cornice moulding carried round top of walls. The porch displays two trefoiled arches, with two plain niches. At side of S. door, within nave, a stoup. Doorways, porch, and tower of like character. At S.W. angle, externally, a singular square staircase turret. Lofty tower arch well moulded. Windows have fragments of Dec. glass. The roofs were formerly high pitched. Font plain octagonal basin with panelled tracery, Dec, in the stem, let into adjacent wall. Brasses to John Martin and Margaret his wife (with effigies), 1593. Register, 1687. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1600. Restored, 1885-6.
^ Rood-screen and door handle figured in Brandon's An- alysis of Gothic Architecture.
10 THE CHURCHES OF
Bassingbourne, N.W. of Royston. — Sts. Peter and Paul : Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, and embattled W. tower (rebuilt 1897), five bells. Chancel very fine Dec, good E. window five lights, sedilia, and double piscina, with pinna- cles and canopies, also an aumbry. Windows N. and S. Loft}' and good chancel arch Dec. Rood-screen Perp., the workmanship somewhat rough ; entrance to rood-loft visible. Nave of six Dec. arches, with octagonal piers and cleres- tory windows above. Aisles transition Dec. to Perp.; windows mostly square headed, with flow- ing tracery. There was a N. chapel, which has been destroyed. Piscina remains. At E. end of S. aisle fine Dec. piscina, and in E. window jambs there are niches. The tower E.E., with windows of later date. Good early wooden Perp. porch. Font panelled, early Perp. Some good stained glass. Very good open seats. There is a lych-gate. Churchwardens' accounts, 1498, and inventories of great interest. Effigy brass (poor) to Edwin Turpin and wife, 1683. Regis- ter, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1865, 1879.
Borough Green, S. of Newmarket. — St, Augustine: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower, five bells. This small, interesting church much altered to the loss of important features.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE ii
Chancel has E. window Dec. On S. side a Dec. window, E.E. sedilia, and double piscina, with round shafts and trefoiled arches. Chancel arch gone, shafts alone remain. Formerly on S. side of chancel a chantry chapel of the de Burgh famil3\ At its demolition the fine Dec. monuments, with recumbent effigies, were re- moved into chancel (N. wall), within ornamental arched recesses. A chantry was on the S. side. The three canopied tombs with six effigies, and two on the floor at the E. end below the effigy within the easternmost recess, probabl}^ origin- ally on table-tomb to Sir John Ingoldesthorpe and Elizabeth de Burgh, his wife. Formerly in chancel, brasses on tomb of Edmund Ingoldes- thorpe {ob. 1456), who married Margaret de la Pole. The last-named female figure has been removed to W. end of church. The male figure now regarded as attendant squire to the knight. The effigies are more or less mutilated, without names or dates; they bear evidence of having been much interfered with. This is the more regrettable, as they are similar to the others in the church. The effigies exhibit some peculi- arities, and it is difficult to understand the arrangement. Two of the tombs have each three shields in front within quatrefoils, similar smaller shields within the arch. The lady's
12 THE CHURCHES OF
effigy (Catharine, second wife of Sir John de Burgh) has a supporting angel at her head, the wings touching her shoulders, her hands hold a heart (as in the case of two of the male effigies). No animal at her feet, as with the men. Nave of three arches, with octagonal piers. Aisle windows now without mullions and bereft of tracery. Each aisle has three pointed gables, plastered, with traces of former windows. Some good terminal heads. In S.E. angle of S. aisle an ogee piscina, trefoiled, by the easternmost window ; the sill forms a bench. Font plain octagonal, bears date 1672. It has a low cover, surmounted by a dove. Towner arch and W. window Dec. A curious exterior feature is ob- servable in regard to the buttresses, which are pierced to admit an open drain, which has been excavated (possibly when the church was re- stored in 1 7 10), and constructed wuth peculiar care. Register, 1571. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599-
Bottisham, E. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity (mainly early 14th cent., finest in county of that style) : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, large W. porch, or ' Galilee,' low embattled W. tower with pinnacles, five bells. Chancel early Dec, with Perp. windows, memorial E. window three lancets, reredos, double E.E. piscina and sediHa. Chancel arch E.E. or
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 13
early Dec. Rood-screen of stone Perp., three lofty arches with pierced spandrils. Both aisles have parclose oak screens of delicate tracery, which may have extended across the nave. Nave has five lofty and richly-moulded arches Dec, piers with bell caps. Clerestory has single lancets of same date, and two small windows inserted in E. wall. Aisles have very fine windows early Dec, with characteristic tracery under S. aisle windows ; within and without is richly moulded arcading, each arch enclosing a stone coffin, upon which the walls appear to have been built. At E. end of aisle large and beautiful piscina and sedile early Dec Double string course runs round interior above and below windows, the upper terminating in labels. N. and S. porches very good Dec. The architraves of doors spring from shafts, over which a string course is carried as a square hood. Tower rests on a low arch. To the W. is an E.E. porch, to which the cognomen of * Galilee ' is applied. It has been suggested that this was the lower stage of an earlier tower. In N. aisle a table-tomb of Purbeck marble, with matrix of brass effigy, and canopy and panelled sides set off by shields. Matrix of brass and marginal inscription in Lom- bardic characters commemorates Elias de Beck- ingham, a Justiciar of the Common Pleas, said to
14 THE CHURCHES OF
have been (with one exception) the only honest Judge in the reign of Edward I. {pb. 1305). At E. end of N. aisle good Dec. screen. Within are two monuments: (i) to Margaret, daughter of Wm. Coningsbye, and (2) effigies in marble, and cherubs supporting a canopy, to two children of Wm. and EHzabeth AUington {pb. 1638). The stained E. window and reredos are memorials to Colonel Jenyns, one of the Balaclava " Six Hundred." There are also memorials to Francis Hasell (pb. 1659) ^^^ others. S. aisle has similar screen, enclosing large tomb of white marble to Sir Roger Jenyns and Elizabeth his wife, with their effigies in night garb. Hexagonal font plain Dec. Square graduated base of three steps. The but- tresses are panelled and finished in triangular heads, trefoiled. Windows without have moulded drop arch.^ There was mural exterior painting here formerly. Register, 1 561. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1875-91.
Bourne, W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary (? St. Helen y whose Feast-day, May 3rd, is kept) : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisle, transepts, S. porch, fine embattled tower with turret stair- way at S.W. angle, six bells. Chancel early Perp., with two-light side windows Dec. and
^ The details of the church are ?et out in Brandon's Analysis
of Goth ic A rch itecture.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 15
early Perp., N. and S. are Norm, arches. Perp. sedilia, square headed. Fifteenth cent, priest's doors N. and S. Good stalled benches with poppy heads; one inscribed " A.P. of B.A., 1534." Hammer-beam Perp. roof with modern angel figures, Perp. rood-screen and door to loft. Chancel arch (enlarged at the recent re- storation), previously same size as nave arches, late transition Norm. Nave of five arches late transition Norm. On N. side piers have moulded caps, on S. side escalloped, and alternately octa- gonal and circular. Before recent restoration the bases were below floor level. S. aisle win- dows Perp., and debased. Single lancet lights at W. end of aisles. The clerestory windows round, with quatrefoils, a string runs E. to W. The easternmost is a two-light, square-headed window, designed to give light to the rood-loft. Transepts Dec. The S. transept (chantry of St. Mary) has a dividing arch, and contains re- puted tomb of * founder,' and a piscina. Under the end window a sepulchral recess at a higher level. The N. transept has two niches on either side of E. window, aumbry on N. side. Tower square, massive, E.E., on three fine arches, with clustered shafts and moulded caps. Aisles con- tinuous on each side of tower, with ascent of three steps under W. arch, fine lofty E.E. arched
i6 THE CHURCHES OF
buttresses across, and lancet windows. W. doorway E.E., richly moulded, with deep hol- lows, six shafts in each jamb, and circular caps. Tall tower windows have two lights and quatre- foils in head, and accompanying outlines present form of arcading. Upper story divided b}' transoms. Fine buttresses reach to battlement and wooden spire (which has a bend), lead covered. Aisle buttresses good plain E.E. S. porch late E.E., has fine gable cross, doorway late transition Norm. Some good oak benches, tracery in panels. The old sounding-board now forms part of vestry table. In S. transept several tombs and slabs. Tablet to Erasmus Ferrar. Font plain octagonal. A reputed ' maze ' exists on ground floor of tower. Register, 1564. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1875-8.
Boxworth, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Peter: Chancel, nave, S. aisle, N. and S. porches, em- battled tower, clock, one bell. Chancel modern. E. window of three lights. No side windows. Nave Dec, with two-light windows ; piers have octagonal shaft faces set against square pilasters. Four low Dec. arches, with moulded caps. Perp. aisle with late windows. On S. side two buttresses with angular shafts. Porch Perp. Font large octagonal, plain. Small ancient chest bound with iron. The church has been
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 17
severely restored and much interesting work destroyed. All the windows being of modern stained glass render the church particularly dark. Considerable portions of Norman masonry from the interior incorporated in outside wall of S. aisle. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re- stored, 1868-9.
Brinkley, S.W. of Newmarket. — St. Mary: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, vestry, six bells. Chancel Dec, E. win- dow four good lights, two elegant windows of two lights, Dec, on N. and S. sides, with low- side openings below transoms. Chancel arch Dec, with squint on either side. Some old stained glass. Nave Dec, four arches with octagonal piers. Aisle windows mutilated. Open porch Perp., circular shafts of arch formed of red brick. N. aisle has piscina, S. aisle a stoup. Tower Dec, tracery of upper W. window gone. W. win- dow Perp. ; an entrance to belfry steps by inner door, approach from without curiously arranged. Exterior has squared flint panelling. Jacobean pulpit, at the back of which is placed, resplen- dent in gold and colours, a constable's staff, dated 1734. Matrix of brasses, man and two wives. A tablet, with curious inscription in Latin, on S. wall of chancel, in memory of Richard White, " a blessed little infant," who apparently
B
1 8 THE CHURCHES OF
died at or near the font. The inscription, which is singular]}^ interesting, is as follows : —
u
I • P • M RICH^i WHITE INFANTULI BEATIS'^^
1.
"-PECCATOi RENATUS]
Tnatus 90 Jul
1 RENATUS]
120
IdenatusJ
QUI IN A SINE.
e Lavacro simui ac Vita excessit in Vitam auspicate Albatus aeternam
1723
Arms. — Argent, a fess engrailed between three (unicorns?) heads, gules ( White). Impaling: Or on a bend engrailed vert, three pheons of the field (Tipping).
Register, 1685. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Re- stored, 1874.
Burwell (including part of Reach hamlet, where there is a school church on site of ruined chapel, of which the E. end still remains), N.W. of New- market.— St. Mary : Fine large Perp. church, perhaps the most important example in the county, though somewhat late. Chancel (with crypt), nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, embattled
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 19
W. tower (of uncommon form) with pinnacles and spire, clock, five bells, and priest's bell. The chancel, restored 1864, is particularly interesting, possessing six rich Perp. niches for life-sized figures, with canopies between the fine large windows. Of the original six niches, two are on each side, two at E. end, these latter larger and more enriched. They were destroyed to make way for incongruous monuments belonging to the families of Gerard, Cotton, and Russell. The entrance to the crypt (^' the monk's hole"), on N. side of chancel, is blocked, and crypt not accessible. Over the chancel arch is some rich panelling of three tiers, pierced with circular window, beneath which is the following in- scription : —
. Ovale p. diahs Johis Benet Johanie et Alicie kx. ei . . parefiiu que suof qtii fieri ficer t ht^nc pariete ac . Carpiitarid navis ecclie a. do. MC.CC.CLXilii. . .
Against chancel walls, Perp., benches richly carved with flowing tracery. Open roof, richly carved, has fine bosses. Nave of five lofty Perp. arches, with ten large clerestory windows on each side. The intervening space between arch spandrils and clerestory windows filled with cinquefoil tracery of chaste and intricate design. The piers are particularly good. The roof is hardly less
20 THE CHURCHES OF
fine than that of the chancel. The carved work, with flowing patterns coeval with the church, is excellent. Each aisle has six large, lofty windows. Roofs have richly carved cornices. At E. end of each aisle is a piscina. N. and S. porches fine Perp. ; N. porch has stone roof with fan tracer} five niches over entrance. The buttresses en in pinnacles carrying statues. S. porch has goo. timber roof. Tower, with lower portion of spire, is a medley of mixed styles ; upper part, Dec, is octagonal, with buttresses and staircase turret. The lower portions are earlier, the main lower portion of the tower being square. The upper W. window is not central ; the lower W. window, of four lights, Perp. Font Perp., octagonal, with shallow panels. Lower part of fine rood-screen remains. A ^ palimpsest ' brass of singular interest commemorates a canon (c. 1550). On the reverse an abbot (John Lawrence de Warde- boys, last abbot of Ramsey), c. 1500 (showing remarkable changes) ; also, on reverse of canopy, a deacon (in part). The latter of special interest, as no similar brass is known in England. Some 200 yards to the N.E. of St. Mary's Church was a church dedicated to St. Andrew. Register, 1562. Restored, 1867-8.
Oaldecot (consolidated with To/t), W. of Cam- bridge.— SL Michael: Anciently a chapel to
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 21
Bourne. Chancel, nave, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower, three bells (third pre- Reformation). Chancel rebuilt 1858-9. E. window of three lights, others single lights. . Crocketed niche, cinquefoiled, in E. wall on S. ,side of chancel arch. Carved stalls and rood- -screen with traces of colour. Nave windows of ^ two lights early Dec, and some good glass. On N. side one foliated lancet ; others Perp. on each side, W. opening with square head. Tower arch has continuous Perp. mouldings without caps. Some remains of old open seats. Font octagonal. N. porch has side-lights and gable cross, un- usual design. S. porch has stoup in angle supported on shaft. Niche over outer doorway, inner doorway has square hood. Register, 1728. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1860-1.
Cambridge. — All Saints: Present church built opposite Jesus College 1863-4. E.E. style. It took the place of ^^ All Saints in the Jewry ^' (or *■ by the hospital,' now St. John's College, opposite to which the old church stood).^ A memorial cross on site of old churchyard scarcely atones for the regrettable loss of an ancient building and the desecration involved in its destruction, or, as it is put, the ' removal ' of
^ There was still an earlier church dedicated to All Saints ^ close to the castle.
22 THE CHURCHES OF
the church.^ It was a late Perp. erection, which, if in no way remarkable as a building, had some good parts. The double hammer-beam roof with small pierced panels was removed to Wendy church. Clerestory windows, if such they could be called, were dormers. Nave had three pier arches on each side, four centred. An original vestry at E. end of S. aisle. Font, good Perp., was removed to new church. Low embattled tower of three stages had double windows under square heads in upper stages. A public footpath passed through tower under an arched passage. There was a thatched roof, which was removed when the chancel (dilapidated by Jesus College in i6th cent.) was rebuilt in 1722. The church itself was taken dovvu in 1865. Bell and pave- ment were taken to the new church ; all else was sold by public auction. The present church con- sists of chancel, nave, S. aisle of like dimensions, and embattled tower with lofty spire. Three bells. E. window a memorial to the widow of Sir Gilbert Affleck, Bart., and wife of Dr. Whe- well. Master of Trinity [pb. 1865). The walls are decorated, and bear suitable inscriptions. Re- gister, 161 1. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
^ Inscribed on tablets round the base are names of benefactors and others of the parish, and various gravestones are laid out on the site.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 23
St. Andrew the Great. — The previous (17th cent.) church was remarkably low-pitched and mean. The nave, however, retained its former arches late Dec, and the early Dec. piers. The W. arch is described as particularly beautiful, and a good trefoiled E.E. piscina and two shallow orifices in N. transept remained. Lofty cast-iron piers and flat arches mounted on wooden pedestals, and much else that moved the indignation of the C. C. S., was introduced when the church was rebuilt in modern Perp. style 1842-3. It consists of chancel, nave, aisles, and embattled W. tower, having a four-centred doorway, with pinnacles and gargoyles ; eight bells. Five Perp. windows in each aisle, transomed. Flat oak roofs and galleries. Font plain octagonal. Many mural tablets, &c., including memorials to Captain James Cook, the circumnavigator, and others of his family ; Henry Gunning (senior esquire Bedell, author of Cambridge Reminiscences). Register, 1635. Bp.'s Transcript, 1605.
St. Andrew the Less. — Small interesting E.E. building (the capella extra poi^tas of Barnwell Priory). Without aisles or separation of nave and chancel, although there are traces of a rood- screen and loft, cutting off about one-third of the area eastward. Two good doorways and plain long lancet windows. Some inserted Perp. windows .
24 THE CHURCHES OF
splays of windows have traces of colour, early 13th cent. Two-light low-side window, tran- somed. The original polychrome on walls was restored. At W. end two lancets. At E. end a triplet, with shafts and moulded arches. There is a S. porch, W. belfry, and one bell. Register, 1753, Bp.'s Transcript, 1603.
Christ Churchy erected in 1839. — Embattled structure of red brick with stone dressings. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, and octagonal embattled turrets at angles of nave, one of which has a small beU. The interior has galleries on three sides. It is an unlovely church both within and without, but for all intents and purposes it is the chief church of this large parish.
Stourbridge Chapel^ St. Mary Magdalene. — A free chapel in Barnwell, now desecrated, origin- ally belonging to the leper hospital, some time used as a barn, at present in custody of the Camb. Antiq. Soc, and practically never entered. It is a small Norm, building, chancel and nave. The chancel arch exhibits rich workmanship. Open timber Perp. roof (formerly groined), walls were lower. Two good doorways, some small windows with good mouldings. The W. gable and capping mould of later date ; lancet, two circular windows.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 25
SL Benedict. — Of special interest and remote antiquity. Possibly as the church of the distinct village it was erected as early as middle of iith cent. The late Mr. Rickman conjectured that the tower was built before A.D. 1 000. Chancel, nave, aisles, N. porch, W. tower, six bells. The church is connected with Corpus Christi College by a range of gallery buildings ^ (now utilised as college rooms), supported by a four-centred archway. The college {founded 1352) used St. Benedict's as its chapel. Additional accommodation was provided (1487-15 1 5) on S. side of chancel, one chapel above another — the upper used as a lecture room — from which the church was viewed through an opening in N. wall, now blocked. Lower chapel (i486), now vestry, shows Saxon work. Towards close of 1 6th cent, the college built its own chapel. The church may claim to be the oldest building in the town. Its noteworthy feature is Saxon work. The Saxon church had a chancel and nave of same dimensions as pre- sent, now E.E. of three bays. Chancel arch appears to be Dec. on old foundations. At N. and S. angles E. of nave, where the masonry is very rude, Saxon work is in evidence. S. wall also in part Saxon. E. window (stained glass) of three lights, two windows (blocked) in S. wall
^ A similar arrangement at St. Mary the Less with Peterhouse.
26 THE CHURCHES OF
of chancel 13th cent. N. and E. walls may simi- larly have had windows. Aisles may have been earlier. The wall too above the arches may be Saxon. The present nave is 13th cent. In 1853 N. aisle rebuilt and carried farther west, taking in ground N. of tower in 1872. S. wall rebuilt (piscina), also N. and E. walls of chancel. Tower arch is semicircular, caps roughly carved animal forms, Saxon window above. At one time a porch at W. end of S. aisle. The tower is pre- eminently the principal feature. Within a few years ago the Saxon work was covered with rough cast (an old print shows W. Norm, door- way). It is in three stages, indicated by projecting string courses. On each face of belfry a window divided by central baluster, supporting an abacus, and carrying two semicircular window heads formed of a single stone. The smaller windows are placed somewhat higher. Nave corbels show angels with spread hands. The baluster shafts of central windows display an ornamental band. The chancel piscina has a recess at back formed by a quatrefoil, v/hich runs inwards on the right hand westward ; this may have been used as a 'squint.' There is also a recess for sedilia, and rood-loft entrance. Square font (imitation Norm.) on central and four other circular pillars. The third bell (''in spite of its puff") is, says the
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 27
late Rev. Dr. Raven, a very poor bell, with the following inscription : —
Of \ all \ the : bells \ in \ Beimel \ I \ am \ I he \ best \ Anil : yet \ for \ viy \ casting \ the [ Parish [ /aide \ lest.
1607.
The sixth bell has some curious inscribed lines. There is an effigy brass of singular interest, which commemorates Dr. Richard Billingford, Master of Corpus Christi College 1442, who, in attitude of prayer, is represented in gown and hood, inscription gone. Altar stone, with con- secration crosses, remains. The masonry of an early recessed opening from tower now stands on floor of S. aisle. Iron-bound chest. Register, 1539 (it records the burial of Hobson, the famous carrier, 1630). Bp.'s Transcript, 1604. Restored, 1874-82.
St. Botolph. — Perhaps originally a Norm, church (a Norm. cap. appears in base of one of the piers, and there are fragments of early masonry in outer tower wall). Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch with chantr}' annexed, and embattled W. tower, supported by massive angle buttresses, and surmounted by four figures (one a bishop or abbot, the others seem to be of animal form).^ Apteral chancel, N. window of stained glass, memorial to late Rev. Dr. Campion. The chancel
* St. Botolph, historically an abbot, may be here represented.
28 THE CHURCHES OF
screen (15 th cent.) remains. The altar-piece is Flemish. Nave of four lofty arches, with octa- gonal Dec. piers. Aisles rebuilt 15th cent., the date of the rest of the church. Consecration crosses on piers near chancel. A door at end of N. aisle and N. door blocked. S. porch has blocked side window and good old oak roof. Small chantry chapel, an interesting 15th cent, feature, with large windows. Small boss in good timber roof has holes for pulley, from which a light may have been suspended before altar. An entrance into chapel in wall by S. porch door has been built up. Perp. desk benches in the chapel are noticeable, also the mural monument of Dr. Thomas Plaifere [ob. 1609), with bust effigy in canopy niche, colours much faded. Tower arch very pointed. Font particularly interesting. The ancient basin enclosed in painted wooden case of Renaissance date, with separate cover, the whole being raised on wide stone platform of two steps at W. entrance, N. side. In W. tower, resting against wall, Purbeck marble slab having matrix of brass. There are four bells, a remarkably in- teresting mediaeval peal, with black letter inscrip- tions ; the first has ^ Sancte Apoline Ora Pro Nobis. The modern W. window is transomed. Some good glass (including a beautiful Cruci- fixion E. end of N. aisle). A memorial window
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 29
to James Essex, architect {oh. 1784). From some stones brasses have been reaved. In churchyard S. of chancel is an elegant Perp. stone structure, apparently covering a disused well of which nothing is now known. On one of its upper sides is the opening, on another a plain shield, &c. Some indistinct lettering points to the existence of a legend. Register, 1584. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1874-87.
St. Clement. — The site of a much earlier church, some traces of which remain. Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower with spire, one bell, and priest's bell. Chancel brick, built 1 8th cent. The original chancel ruinated by Jesus College in i6th cent. Arch plain. Nave five arches, with octagonal piers, eastern ones Dec, other four E.E. Clerestory Perp., three lights, each with single arch. Aisles wider than original, seen in N.E. opening into vestry ; the window, E.E., altered to Perp., not central. The S. door E.E. (corbel and bases of jamb shafts restored) not in original position. N.W. door blocked. Aisle windows four lancet lights under one arch. N. aisle piscina low down in N.E. wall. Tower and spire erected (1821) by repre- sentatives of Rev. Wm. Cole, F.S.A. [ob. 1702), whose MS. collections relating to the county are so highly valued ; he is buried beneath
30 THE CHURCHES OF
the structure. Over doorway is inscription Deum Cole, placed there as an ingenious way of complying with his request to be named on tower. The W. wall of tower abuts on the street. Good Perp. font. Brass, 1432. Mural brass on wall, E. end of N. aisle, to Phoebe, wife of Edward Withnoll, curiously engraved. In nave large monumental slab with Lombardic inscription to Eudo de Helpringham, Mayor of Cambridge [pb. 1325). Chantries: that of St. Nicholas (for two priests), founded by Wm. Colles worth, 1325. Some church accounts, temp. Edward VI., &c. Register, 1560. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored, 1863, and other times.
St. Edward the Confessor. — Chancel, with side chapels, nave, aisles, embattled W. tower, six bells (the fifth ^ Sajicte ' Anna ' Ora • Pro ' Nobis ' ). N. and S. of chancel the aisles are continued ; those portions were at one time appropriated to Trinity Hall and Clare College. Chancel arches four-centred with Perp. piers. Five-light E. window. Good modern reredos. Chancel aisles are wider than those of nave. The position of Dec. window at E. end of S. aisle shows the aisle to have been widened. Chancel arch N. side distorted, presenting appearance, in part, of four-centred arch, in other part retaining original form. Nave of four lofty lancet-shaped
CAMBRIDGE, ST, BOTOLPH. CHURCHYARD WELL
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 31
arches on Perp. piers. S. chancel aisle has stone panelling, with quatrefoil tracery in heads under windows and between lower arch. Dec. roof here and in chapel. E.E. tower. Two openings N. and S. within tower, high up. Low, wide-spreading W. arch. Font good Perp.; being mutilated and painted, was restored by C. C. S., and engraved in Illustratio7is of Moitti- mental Brasses. Painting in vestry, '^ Meal at Em- maus." In this church Hugh Latimer preached his famous sermon on the Card. Register, 1557. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
St. Giles. — Present church (rebuilt 1875-6, on or near site of former church) of white brick with stone dressings, early French Gothic. Chancel, lofty nave, aisles, and a side chapel used as vestry. An arch (possessing pre-Norm. features) of the original church built of materials from later church. In W. entrance of the S. chancel chapel is some interesting work of the iancient church, which formed part of the sub- isequent structure ; much else finds no place in this jnew building. Aisle windows filled with stained glass, each with a figure of a saint. Good octa- gonal font ; marble pulpit. The early architec- ture of St. Giles, Norm, and E.E., has practically disappeared. It is a pitiful story that recounts the gradual demohtion and destruction of a quaint
32 THE CHURCHES OF
and interesting church. One bell (outside W. wall of nave), and above it a clock, formerly at King's College. Register, 1596. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. St. Mary the Great, the University church, occupies central position in the town, unencum- bered by buildings. W. entrance faces Senate House. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, lofty W. tower with octagonal buttressed turrets and pinnacles, twelve bells, and priest's bell (which is earlier than any in the peal, being dated 1607), clock. Present church commenced c. 1478, finished 15 19. Tower erected 1528-1608,^ upper part modernised. Chancel Perp., in past days much hidden (restored in 1857) by seats for University members, the ' throne ' blocking the chancel. Alabaster reredos and stalls. Oak roof very good. Mural tablet on N. chancel wall and recessed tomb restored. Piscina E.E., restored, recessed tomb on S. side. Two restored niches. Sculptured reredos given by Bp.Lightfoot. Piers and arches of nave well moulded, spandrils being filled with enriched tracery. Nave roof flat, fine bosses at intersections. Interior walls orna- mented in imitation of window tracery. Twenty windows in clerestory filled with stained glass. The aisle windows have memorial glass con- sisting of forty-two coats-of-arms of principal
' Begun 1491. It was originally intended to add a lofty spire.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 33
contributors to the rebuilding of nave (1478- •519) given by S. Sanders, 1892. The aisles have the chapels partitioned off by dark oak screenS; portions of the old carved work. An ornamental string runs round the aisles. Corbel heads support aisle roofs. N. chapel restored 1892. The string in N. aisle chapel has the flower-knot and head ornament, that below E. transomed window, Dec, is gilded. Stone organ gallery. The whole an excellent specimen of late Perp. Doorway at W. end inserted in 185 1, from design by Sir Gilbert Scott. The porch a reproduction of that removed in 1805. Some benches with Renaissance poppy heads. A spa- cious gallery surrounds the interior N., S., and W. There was a magnificent rood-screen modelled (1522-3) on one in a country church (Thriplow), which being destroyed gave place (in 1640) to chancel screen, now without its central portion. The font bears date 1632. There are several monuments, including one (Elizabethan) with bust to Dr. Butler. Martin Bucer was buried in chancel March 15 50-1; the body was dis- interred 1556, and church placed under inter- dict. Fine cross slab, from which figures (2) have been reaved. N. porch has groined roof. There are other stones from which brasses have been reaved. John Warner (1608) has a rhyming
C
34 THE CHURCHES OF
epitaph on wall tablet (" with the church his own life finished "). Good modern open seats with poppy heads, animal forms, &c., well carved. Door (low arches) to tower loft. Register, 1557. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
St. Majy the Less (St. Mary de Gratia)^ or St. Mary without Truvipington Gate. — An un- finished church (attributed to Alan de Walsing- ham) built on site of former church dedicated to St. Peter (1327), which gave name to adjoining college of Peterhouse.-^ Until 1632 church used as college chapel. The church apteral, a simple parallelogram, having no chancel proper, roofs determining difference. Screen, cut down level with tops of pews, was a former mark of separa- tion. Without aisles, church has the appearance of a college chapel The large windows with elegant tracery are particularly striking. E. window Dec, of six lights with flowing tracery, not a little remarkable. Six lofty nave windows, Dec, of four lights ; the tracery on N. side, except easternmost window, has been renewed. On S. side tracery said to be copied from Ely Cathedral. The Perp. style is seen in an additional bay. On S. side a two-storied vestry (piscina), the floor resting on a small crypt or charnel-house. An ancient stone staircase (14th cent.) leads to ^ The earlier church was Norm. ; it fell in 1350.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 35
college gallery. Two chantry chapels were added by the college in 15th cent.; entrances and tomb recesses remain. Pulpit, with sounding- board (late 17th cent.). Good octagonal Perp. font, cover dated 1632. Some fragments of early Norm, worked stone in exterior walls. In the unfinished tower at N.W. corner remains of Norm, arch of old Church of St. Peter. One bell. Two (of three) beautiful niches on outside of E. end. Brasses to John Holbrook (Master of St. Peter's College 143 1) and another (1480). Monuments to Dr. Matthew Wren, Bp. of Ely (previously Master 166;), buried here, and others. In the fourth bay are traces of chan- tries N. and S. S. porch built 1892. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1856,' under Sir Gilbert Scott ; other work, 1891.
vS"/. Michael.~K Dec. church, quite free of other styles and of singular form; entirely rebuilt, 1326. A fire in 1849 led to the complete repair of the church under Sir Gilbert Scott. Chancel (with aisles), nave, aisles, N. porch, S.W. tower, four bells. The chancel is longer than nave, with continuous aisles. Good E. window, five lights, stained glass. Chancel arch has buttressing arches. N. chancel aisle terminated by an orig- inal vestry. Behind the W. seat of sedilia (restored) and piscina is an arch which formed
36 THE CHURCHES OF
part of a monument to Hervey de Stanton, the founder of Michael House (1323), which was connected with the church. ^ Upper string above sediHa and opposite at W. ends has two in- teresting heads. A splayed ' squint ' opens from the chantry. The S.E. chapel has two large angle tabernacle niches, and piscina without basin. A fine range of oak stalls, supposed to have come from Trinity College, seventeen S. side, nineteen N. side, and returns. King-post roof decorated (as is entire church), particularly sedilia, with gilt and colours. Some good glass remains. A large square-headed window in S. chancel aisle; all others have good hood moulds. The roof a restora- tion of the original. The tower rests on engaged arches opening into S. aisle and nave. On S. side of tower new doorway has been opened and N. porch erected. In this church Archidiaconal visitations usually held. Good modern oak seats. Good Dec. windows, particularly W. window, with singular flowing tracer3^ Door only of old screen. In nave, painting of the Nativity. A good entrance (stone) into S. chapel from chancel by narrow ogee arch, with crockets and finials with terminal heads. Font modern. Paul Fagius buried here, 1549, but disinterred and afterwards burnt with
^ Stanton's stone coffin found during restoration and replaced with an inscription.
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 37
Biicer's remains in market-place. Large portrait of King Charles I., presented to the church about 1660; restored 1881. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
St. Paul. — An ecclesiastical parish formed, 1845, out of the two parishes of St. Andrew. Church of red brick, with stone facings ; is quite tasteless, and calls for no description.
St. Peter. — Without doubt the earliest church centre, of a date anterior to St. Benedict's. A small, interesting building with ancient portions ; long disused, now consolidated with St. Giles, and used sparingly. Nave 29 by 16 feet, and small embattled W. tower Dec. with stone spire and lancet lights. One bell. Walls are part Norm. Some parts of church Dec. S. doorway Norm., with traces of gable, well moulded, of good propor- tions, has semicircular arch with detached shafts and good caps. Plain N. door. High tower arch, E. end quite destroyed. The font basin is characteristic Norm., square above, circular below, carved with rude figures, four mermen grasping their tails. (Lysons describes the sculpture as " four rudely executed human figures terminating in serpents.") It rests on a low, circular pedestal, which appears to be an inverted cap of pier of Dec. style, and the whole stands on what may have been a part of the
38 THE CHURCHES OF
original column. There is further ornamentation, cable moulding, &c. It is possibly I2th or 13th cent. date. In design the sculpture corresponds to that of the font at Anste}^, Herts., which stands on four shafts. In the days of the C. C. S. a movement was on foot to rebuild this church. Quaintly carved head over W. window. Roman brick is found in S. wall. Cross keys over gable. N. window Perp. Good Dec. E. window with shafts. Good gargoyles on N. side. S. door has circular arch, without tympanum. Rebuilt, 17S1. Register, 1586. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
St. Matthew. — An ecclesiastical parish formed, 1870, out of the parish of St. Andrew the Less. Church built 1866. An octagonal brick struc- ture, with transepts on four sides. An eastern arm forms the chancel. There are N. and S. porches and W. belfry. Three bells. Roof sur- mounted by octagonal lantern. Register, 1870.
Holy SepidcJire (? St. Andrew: not a Tem- plar's church, simply a parish church built in imitation of Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, as at Northampton and elsewhere). One of four re- maining round churches in England, the most ancient of the number, dating possibly from commencement of 12th cent, (it seems to have been consecrated iioi). Circular portion Norm., supported by eight massive columns, without
CAMBRIDGE, ST. PETER. SOUTH-EAST
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 39
bases, with semicircular arches, some having zigzag ornament. Above these a tier of eight arches, each enclosing two small ones with dis- tinct shafts, capitals varied and with groining have Norm, enrichments. Over second tier of arches there were until church restored, 1845, by C. C. S. eight inserted Perp. windows. These were replaced by windows in Norm, style. The circular clerestory has vaulted conical roof, sub- stituted by C. C. S. for low, round, embattled tower. This circular portion forms principal entrance to church by good Norm, doorway (zigzag ornament), with aisles and embattled turret. One bell and priest's bell. A view of the church in supposed original state in Archceologia (vol. vi.). The early volumes of the Ecclesiologist furnish a record of its vicissitudes. On the restoration of the church in 1844 (which effaced so largely its historical landmarks) the CCS. erected a stone altar, which gave rise to serious disquietude and Htigation, resulting in disruption of the society. Portions of the ancient building, including a N. doorway, were disclosed during restoration. Chancel arch at restoration taken down, and one of narrower span substituted. The wall above arch carries ornamented gable. Register, 1571. Bp.'s Transcript, 1608.
Holy Trinity (early church destroyed by fire
40 THE CHURCHES OF
1 174). — A cruciform church of singular plan. Chancel, transepts, nave, aisles, N. porch, W. tower with pinnacles and spire, five bells and priest's bell. Chancel originally Dec. A low, stone-groined roof removed (c. 1830) for a modern one. In 1851 the fine stone arches leading to transepts replaced by wide arches of poor con- struction. The fine lofty transepts, Perp., have each two tiers of windows on each side, the two below of five lights, the three above of three lights. Tracery varied. In N. wall a niche. Pier arches on S. side Dec, clerestory over them, and \ remainder of nave and transepts Perp. The eastern tower arch altered from Dec. to Perp., and great internal buttresses added in i6th cent. N. porch noticeable. Tower Dec, on lofty-pointed , arches, those opening upon transepts ornamented in their mouldings with trefoil-headed panelling. Font modern, octagonal, plain, panelled base, has Evangelistic symbols, &c. In S. transept, beneath clerestory windows, richly moulded string course of strawberry leaves. Good angel corbels and brackets. Consecration crosses in N. aisle. Two- light W. w^indow. A table-tomb (formerly railed in) of Sir Robert Tabor. Mural monument to Henr}' Martyn and other memorials. In S. transept Claydon memorial windows (have "Al- leluia" in plain-song). Four-light square-headed
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 41
window at W. end of S. aisle, stained glass. S. aisle square-headed windows of three lights. An altar painting of Christ appearing to St. Mary Magdalene formerly here, subsequently a stone reredos, now a fine triptych of carved work. Register, 1564. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
St. Bartiabas. — An ecclesiastical parish formed, 1889, from parishes of St. Andrew the Less, St. Paul, and St. Matthew. Also St, Philip, formed out of St. Barnabas parish.
Carlton, S. of Newmarket. — St. Peter (con- solidated with the ancient chapelry of Willing- ham) : A small church. Chancel, nave, W. turret, two bells of pre-Reformation date, inscribed : 'S) ^ Sancte Maria ; (2) Av" MaiHa • • Gratia y formerly in gable tower (now destroyed), where there were places for three bells. Chancel and nave Dec. and Perp., window^s chiefly Perp. Font, early Perp., specially good, with pan- elled base. Register, 1 600. Bp.'s Transcript, 1602.
Castle Camps, S.E. of Cambridge. — All Saints: [Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, five Dells (the third recast 1852, broken in fall of :ower 1850). Chancel trans. Perp. Arch has Dctagonal shafts with moulded caps. Modern E. »vindow, imitation Dec. piscina. Lower part of -ood-screen remains. Nave has good two-light
42 THE CHURCHES OF
windows, with fragments of stained glass. The plain king-post roof has moulded tie-beams, good corbels and springers. In S. wall a piscina. S. porch has good doorway and open timber roof. Font octagonal, on five octagonal shafts. Porch rebuilt 1855. Tower Dec, rebuilt 185 1. Chancel and nave restored 1876-89. Monuments to Sir James Reynolds, Kt., Baron of the Exchequer 1740; Sir Thomas Da3Tell of Shudy Camps; Dr. Alix, Dean of Ely 1756; Dr. Watson, Chaplain to the King {ob. 1724), and others. Register, 1565. Bp.'s Transcript, 1605.
Caxton, W. of Cambridge. — St. Andt-ew: Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. porch, low embattled W. tower, six bells. Chancel E.E., with two side windows, lancets with quatrefoils in heads. E. window Perp., low-side window on either side (blocked), small lancets foliated. Priest's door small, with triangular head. Sedilia. Double piscina with tracery in head. Nave and aisle Perp., four lofty good arches on clustered piers. On N. side windows of two lights, fine, lofty, Perp. Nave at higher level than chancel. Tower Perp., with good W. doorway having carved spandrils and square hood mould. Font plain Perp. Monuments to the Barnard family, and formerly some good brasses. Matthew Paris, the historian, born about 1 195, said to have
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 43
been a native of this place. Register, 174^' Bp.'s Transcript, i602. Restored, 1874-9.
Chatteris, N.W. of Cambridge. — Sts. Peter and Paul (a convent of Benedictine nuns was founded here c. 980) : Chancel (enlarged), nave, aisles (widened), S. porch, embattled W. tower with low spire, clock, six bells. Chancel Dec. ; arch has embattled caps. Rood staircase with doorways. Nave of six Dec. arches on octagonal piers, moulded caps. Arch mouldings have re- cessed chamfers, with good hood moulds ter- minated by heads. Dec. clerestor}^, six windows of two lights. Inner arches square headed, tre- foiled. S. porch plain Perp., with side windows. Inner doorway late Dec. S. aisle transition Dec. to Perp. N. aisle wall of brick plastered over, windows have been renewed. Font late Dec. Tower late Dec, battlemented, with good door- way and staircase lighted by a series of quatre- foils. Niche over inner doorway. Canopied angle niche for stoup. Dwarf lead-covered spire. A chapel contained the bones of St. Huna, chaplain to St. Etheldreda (who retired to a hermitage at a place called after him, where he died and was buried) ; his remains were transferred to Thorney, and wonderful cures are said to have been per- formed at his tomb. Recently a sum of upwards of £\^0Q was quite unexpectedly bequeathed for
44 THE CHURCHES OF
the restoration of the church by the son of a former sexton who had emigrated to America, where he had prospered. The church has now, with the exception of the tower and nave arcade, been entirely rebuilt. The completed work, which is regarded as a "perfect restoration," cost upwards of i^Sooo (vide Introduction). Register, 1650. Bp.'s Transcript, 1604.
Chesterton. — St. Andrew: A large imposing structure. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, embattled W. tower with octagonal spire, clock, five bells (third and fourth said to have come from Jesus College). Chancel (restored 1844) Perp,, has N. sacristy; there is piscina and rich sediHa (late), canopy groined. Between sacristy and chancel a small square opening. The inner side has quatrefoil, and whe-n dis- covered had a socket, giving it the appearance of having been occasionally stopped. E. window, five lights, has stained glass. Oak reredos with painted panels. On N. and S. sides two three-light windows (restored). Roof has some good carved heads, and rests on corbels, having upper mould- ings. Chancel arch, E.E., has large octagonal piers. Entrance to rood-loft. Remains of rood- screen (late Perp.) have disappeared. It bore traces of original colour, and was damaged by subsequent daubing. It seems now to be fast decaying in
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 45
the ancient building in the vicarage grounds. It ought, if possible, to be restored. Nave has seven bays; the arches spring from octagonal piers of earlier date (Dec), with good caps and bases. Clerestory seven three-light windows, and roof Perp. Some good corbels, with shields of arms, angel heads, &c. On the spandrils between arches remains of early paintings (Seven Acts of Mercy, c. 1300). Over S.E. nave arch Doom painting continued from chancel arch. Aisles late good Perp. N. aisle has six three-light Perp. windows with square heads. Aumbry in N. aisle, and good series of corbels. In wall a sepulchre recess, also a low wall opening partially hidden by seats. S. aisle has good late windows (those E. and W. are plain) and doorway. Corbels support roof. Double piscina, good Dec. window above. Remains of tomb recess. Some fine old benches richly carved. Fine Dec. tower arch [c. 1340) represents the earliest architectural feature in the church ; it has three engaged shafts with large moulded caps. The turret staircase into belfry of singular construction ; the turret appears half within and half without the structure. Windows on W. side blocked. Stair- case passing to first floor is through centre of W. wall. Good carved head. N. porch has pinnacled buttresses, with niche over entrance
46 THE CHURCHES OF
doorway and square-headed side windows, good grotesque heads, and heads of king and bishop as dripstone ornaments. Its upper story has been removed, and in common with nave and aisle is battlemented. Mutilated stoup in porch. Low Jacobean pulpit w^th modern door. Font plain octagonal, good moulded base. Some good grotesque gargoyles and terminal heads. Chancel exterior very mean. Painting of St. Dorothy (c. 1350) on masonry, now in Fitz- william Museum. Coffin slabs with foliated crosses form coping of churchyard wall, but broken, worn, and neglected ; these have in large part lost features of interest. Register, 1564. Bp.'s Transcript, 1605.
Chesterton. — St. Luke: A district parish formed 1881. Church built, 1874, at a cost of upwards of ;f 10,000. There are some fragments of old stained glass.
Chettisham, W. of Ely. — St. Michael: An ecclesiastical parish formed from St. Mary, Ely. St. Michael's chapel, a small ancient building of trans. Norm. Nave, S. porch, W. turret, one bell, windows round-headed or pointed, doorways plain pointed. Uncommon octagonal Perp. font, cup shaped and panelled. Good Elizabethan pulpit. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 47
Cheveley, S.E. of Newmarket. — 5/. Mary [and the Holv Host\ ^ sometimes incorrectly given St. Mary and the Holy Ghost. A cruciform church. Chancel, nave, transepts, porch, central tower (on four clustered piers), clock, five bells (second bell ►J^ San eta : Anna : Or a : Pro : Nobis). Chancel E.E., with Dec. insertions. In N. wall an aumbry, and good double E.E. piscina and plain sedilia on S. side. Six windows, all different, a lancet (where Folkes' monument was erected in 1642). E. window of three lights. A fine carved alabaster reredos, priest's door, and remains of lancet (the door in part occupying the space below) with hood of window still to be seen. N. transept E.E., with Dec. insertions. Good E.E. piscina and trefoiled aumbry, a rich florid window at each end. S. transept Dec, in S. wall two sepulchral arches wath ledges for coffins to rest on.^ Nave good Perp. The weathering of old roof appears above tower arch. There are several stones in nave that had brasses. Under window on E. side of N. transept the altar ledge was dis- covered. Above piscina and aumbry are two small brackets ; in W. wall hooded lancet with deep splay, wkh ^eur-de- /is pmniing. Fine large
^ Properly simply St. Mary ; ' The Holy Host ' is without authority : vide, Church Dedications in Introduction.
2 John Raie, the founder of the Grammar School at Cheveley, buried at his " Stolis Ende."
4S THE CHURCHES OF
chest with semicircular Hd, of cypress wood, much decayed. Porch very good Perp. There were four gilds, each of which kept a light burn- ing in parish church ; three out of four brackets for lights remain on piers of tower. They exhibit faces, one in the wimple or square cap of 14th cent., another a monster with legs doubled under him holding something in the hands. The whole of the N. chapel as well as the chapel of St. Nicholas on S. side have open oak seats. Rood- screen Dec. Font plain Dec, has modern base. Tower early Dec, very peculiar, square below, octagonal above, terminating in low parapet, with double mouldings, probably intended for spire. On N.E. side is a watch tower, within which are winding stairs leading to belfry. This bartizan may have been used for fire beacon, but has long been built up. W. window of five lights. Register, 1559. Restored, 1874-5, 1902.
Childerley. — ? St. Ma7y: Formerly there were two adjoining parishes of Childerley Magna and Parva. The church of Childerley Magna, St. Mary^ and another dedicated in 135 1 ; the bene- fices consolidated in 1489, about which time the church of Childerley Parva was probably taken down. Church, consecrated by Bp. Heton, has long been desecrated and used as a barn ; the church or chapel was destroyed by Sir
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 49
John Cutts {temp, Charles I.) to make room for a deer park.
Chippenham, N.E. of Newmarket.— 5/. Mar- garet: Church built some time after 1272, the original church burnt down in 1447 (this state- ment is open to doubt, for the fine late Dec. rood-screen is still almost perfect).^ Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower! Chancel has Perp. E. window of three lights. Piscina, under cinquefoil niche, has traces of colour. An original sacristy and well-carved door. S. chapel opens into chancel by two late Dec. arches with an octagonal pier. Nave of seven bays late Dec, having alternately octagonal and circular piers on N. side, and semicircular four-clustered piers on S. side, of somewhat rude construction, which may indicate alteration at some period. Nave and aisle windows square headed, late Dec. Porch Perp. Outer doorway bas large corbel heads. Tower early Perp. On N. side of chancel (exterior) remains of Norm, nasonry, including window. Font black and ^hite marble, modern. Old open benches with :arved poppy heads. Fine remains of wall Damtings. One of the most recent (15th cent. ?) bund embedded 8 inches below the plaster in 1. wall of N. aisle. It represented two angels
^ It retains on its lower panels some of the original colouring.
D
50 THE CHURCHES OF
censing. Also late I2th or early 13th cent, masonry pattern. On N. wall of N. chapel is St. Michael weighing souls. Armorial bearings of the Boutell family. On S. wall of S. aisle St. George and the dragon. On N. wall of N. aisle a large St. Christopher, also the Martyr- dom of St. Erasmus. Nave arcade has traces of decorative painting. Monuments to Sir Thomas Revett and Right Hon. Sir Thomas Erskine May, K.C.B. Nave gable has fine wheel cross. [Chippenham, given to the Templars in 11 84 by William de Manville, it passed afterwards to the Knights Hospitallers, who had a chapel in or near the site of the church, with an infirmary. Church destroyed by fire in 15th cent.; an indulgence for rebuilding granted in 1447- Bad- lingham, a hamlet, once had its chapel.] Register, 1595. Restored, 1885-6, 1896.
Coates and Eastrea.— An ecclesiastical parish formed from the parish of Whittlesea. Church of Holy Trinity erected in 1840. Nave, aisles, tower on N. side, with spire, clock, one bell.
Coldham. — An ecclesiastical parish formed, 1874, from Friday Bridge in parish of Elm, S. of Wisbech. Church of St. Etheldreda completed 1876. Chancel, nave, S. porch, vestry, W. tur- ret, two bells. It has a memorial window to Baron Overstone.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 51
Comberton, W.S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, four bells. Chancel E.E., with original lancets, and Dec. and Perp. windows inserted. Priest's door Dec, S.W. window Dec, of two cinquefoil lights, with flowing tracery above ; has W. light divided midway by transom forming low-side window. Chancel arch plain E.E. E. window Perp., of three lights. Rood-stairs and doorways remain, also the Perp. screen, which has traces of colour. The upper part was some years ago sawn off, to be used as a reredos. Nave has five E.E. arches on S. side, piers octagonal, with moulded caps. On N. side Perp., with ornamented caps. Cleres- tory and roof plain, Perp. ; E. bay of roof painted. S. aisle has two Perp. windows and Dec. E. window, also piscina. N. aisle Perp., with good open roof and piscina. Font plain octagonal, E.E. Good open benches, elaborately carved (animals, figures, and initials T. B. appear). Tower Dec, fine belfry arch with continuous mouldings, good W. window. Staircase at N.W. angle. N. doorway with square hood and orna- mented spandrils. Some fragments of stained glass. A Lombardic inscription in S. aisle. Register, 1560. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Re- stored, 1877-8, 1884-5, 1902-3.
52 THE CHURCHES OF
Oonington, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary : Chancel, nave, W. porch, tower with spire, clock, four bells (of special interest, three being pre-Reformation, inscribed). Chancel Dec. (re- built in stone 1871), with two-light side win- dows. Nave rebuilt in red brick 1737. Low tower Dec, without parapet or broach ; has good stone-ribbed spire with two tiers of lights, having projecting canopies. There are several monu- ments of the Cotton, Askham, Hatton, and Gardiner families, indeed S. side of nave is one monumental display. A memorial lych-gate. Church has recently undergone considerable im- provement. There are huge buttresses. Regis- ter, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Coton, W. of Cambridge. — St. Peter : Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower and spire, three bells (third pre-Reforma- tion, inscribed). Chancel Norm, (restored about 1876, Norm, windows replaced). Good string and two original lancet lights, with wide internal splays, blocked. E. window E.E., triple lancets under arch. On N. wall of chancel low-side window, blocked with stone slab that has a wheel pattern; two small Norm, windows have shafts within and without. Wide chancel arch plain, Perp. Remains of rood-screen, the ancient painting renewed. Organ occupies position of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 53
old rood-loft ; it is approached by the rood stair- way. Nave three Perp. arches ; on S. side good Dec, with clustered piers, well-moulded caps and bases ; on N. side, Perp., good open seats. Aisle has plain windows and doorway ; S. aisle Dec, with Perp. windows, and singular Dec doorway. The Perp. tower, with pinnacles, is carried on three arches. Lofty tower arch, Perp., has continuous mouldings. Font good Norm., square basin on central circular shaft, with pilasters at each corner subsequently added. N. and S. porches Perp., with remains of stoup. Massive oak chest and altar stone. Good frag- ments of stained glass. Mural tablet to Dr. Andrew Downes (Bible translator), ob. 1627. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Cottenham, N. of Cambridge. — All Saints: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, N. vestry, lofty W. tower (with four bulbous pin- nacles), clock, six bells. Lofty Perp. chancel, with four very large windows N. and S. Poor modern E. window (stained glass) has replaced a finer one. Roof pitch lowered. Priest's door. Perp. sedilia, canopied, surmounted by entabla- ture and enriched with cusping (unfinished) ; colour traces. Piscina in easternmost recess has a twelve-foil oblong basin : the whole in four compartments. Modern screen of poor design
54 THE CHURCHES OF
Chancel arch E.E. Nave has five arches N. and S., with finely worked corbel heads within spandrils. Caps oi octagonal piers N. and S. varied. The string course from cap of respond at N.E. corner of nave joins that of cap of pier of chancel arch ; on S. side it falls slightly below the upper moulding. Nave roof has slight tracery in spandrils. Perp. clerestory. N. doorway early Perp.; has good dripstone heads much weather- worn, enclosed by modern vestry at higher level. A three-light window above, not central. Plain stoup in N. wall. At E. end of aisle in S. wall 13th cent, piscina, stirrup shaped; it is simply fashioned in the wail, decorated in colour with masonry pattern, and branching four-petal flowers. Two stone brackets for images on E. wall. S. aisle has piscina with stone shelf. W. end of S. aisle built against tower buttress. Aisle windows of one uniform pattern throughout, Dec. to Perp. Good modern open benches, with floral poppy head designs. Font plain octagonal. S. porch Perp., has dripstone heads, good windows and doorway ; door well carved and ornamented with iron, but sadly covered with varnish. The church has been restored in a very gross fashion. Its ancient monuments have been entirel}^ taken away. A late 13th cent, monumental slab com- memorating a former rector, represented in alb
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 55
with apparel and chasuble, now in a shut-up storehouse of the Cambridge Archaeological Museum. Its inscription, in Lombardic capitals, reads: ►pCHRiSTE: AL [me: deus] . . . PRE- C[0R] [misere :] MEI. The tower, a conspicu- ous object for miles, is a cased erection. Lower portion covered with ashlar masonry, with angle buttresses; upper part plastered brickwork, 17th cent., crowned by four hideous turrets. The tower, which fell in a storm, rebuilt 161 7, has a singular display of names and initials. Sun- dial on S. buttress. Formerly there was much mural painting internally and without. A fine series of gargoyles. The bells, recast in 1800, are remarkable for a grandiose array of official names. Register, 1572. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Coveney, N.W. of Ely. — St. Peter: Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, one bell. Chancel Dec, with good late windows. Trefoil- headed double piscina. Chancel arch destroyed. Nave walls and some windows E.E., with Dec. and Perp. insertions. Reredos of carved wood (15th cent.), N. German workmanship, the gift of the patron, Mr. Athelstan Riley ; central panel has fine representation of Crucifixion. Early open benches have quaintly carved poppy heads. In N. wall a stoup. Octagonal font plain Dec.
56 THE CHURCHES OF
Tower rests on three arches, lower part E.E., upper stage Perp. Dec. porch has good door- way, jamb shafts destroyed. Until recent years the church was reed-thatched. Register, 1676. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Croxton, W. of Cambridge. — St. James (? Holy Trinity): Chancel, nave, aisles, N. porch, em- battled W. tower with pinnacles, clock, six bells. Chancel, two-light Dec. window N. side, others of three-light Perp. ; E. window modern. Nave of three arches, with octagonal piers and moulded caps. Aisle windows Dec. Font twelve-sided, plain, attached to S.W. pier. On N. side good doorway, with richly carved door representing Virgin and Child in bold relief, said to have formerly belonged to the nunnery of adjoining parish of Eltisley. A new porch, made up of stones found within two old buttresses, including greater part of 14th cent, doorway. Tower good Perp., with doorway under square head, above which is good string with flowers in hollow. Windows on upper stage have drip mouldings with floral ornamentation. Table-tomb (without name) 1589, with sculptured angels bearing Lede's arms. The helmet, back, and breastplates remain in the church. Churchyard cross, a singular erection ; E, face has the death recorded of Rev. Thos. Kidd, rector, ob. 1850; on W.
COVENEY, ST, PETER. CARVED FINIALS TO BENCH ENDS
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 57
face a list of rectors from 1538 to 18 14. Register, 1535- Bp.'s Transcript, 1602.
Croydon [All Saints) cum Clapton y^ known as Croydon. The church of St. Mary Clopton (used 1258 for sanctuary purposes) taken down in 1591. Some of its stone is said to be in Tadlow church- yard. Croydon church consists of chancel (re- built of red brick, with Grecian windows, c. 1685). Nave, aisles, transepts, S. porch, tower, one bell. E. window of stained glass. No chancel arch. S. chapel Perp., piscina, and cinquefoil niche. Nave has three low early Dec. arches on S. side, two on N. side (one destroyed), with octagonal piers and moulded caps. The beams of original roof remain. Aisles are low, under same roof as nave. Good corbel heads. Square font very massive, and quite plain early Norm. Jacobean pulpit and canopy. S. porch Dec, of wood. Tower Dec, arch very narrow. Memorial win- dows. Register, 1672. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Doddington. — St. Mary: Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, W. tower with spire, clock, five bells, vestry. Chancel Perp., with fine E. windov/ of five lights (with embattled transoms), stained glass side windows (six) of three lights have embattled transoms, and good hood moulds terminated by heads. The inner arches with
^ Parishes consolidated tem/>. James I.
58 THE CHURCHES OF
these hood moulds are round, resembHng E.E.^ Chancel arch E.E. ; shafts have good moulded caps. Double Perp. piscina. Good Perp. screen, lately restored. Nave four lofty arches with octagonal piers early Perp., late Dec. mouldings. Clerestory windows good Perp. Open roof good Perp. N. aisle has E.E. string at E. end and Dec. string at side. Windows early Dec. (or E.E.), with some Perp. insertions. N. doorway E.E., with shafts and moulded caps. S. aisle doorway within porch Perp. Tower arch Dec. Font E.E., octagonal basin on five circular shafts, moulded caps and bases. Tower and spire late Dec. ; there are spire lights and a moulded finial. Fine Perp. S. porch, with battlements and pin- nacles. W. window, stained glass memorial. Register, i68i. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Downham in the Isle {otherwise Little Down- ham), N.W. of Ely. — St. Leonard: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower with pinnacles, four bells. Chancel late Dec. E. window of three lights, with flowing tracery. Side windows square headed, labels terminated by heads. Double piscina, arcaded, cinquefoil-headed arch; portions have been cut away for insertion of window. Chancel arch
^ There are other memorial windows and several tablets to the Peytons ; they have a vault beneath chancel.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 59
E.E. Rood-screen of carved oak. Nave of five E.E. arches ; piers alternately round and octa- gonal, with moulded caps. Square headed two- light windows. Clerestory E.E. ; small lancet windows widely splayed over piers. S. porch plain Perp., S. doorway rich transition Norm., with zigzag and beak-head ornament within pointed arch ; sculptured shafts chevroned and cabled, and caps varied, the whole a beautiful example. Tower arch small, pointed, and re- cessed. Tower small plain Norm., thick walls, very small windows. Upper windows have open stonework of unusual character, very rude ; the upper story has modern battlement and pinnacles. Perp. font of singular form, richly panelled, with quatrefoils and trefoil niches. Good carved i6th cent, chest. [Half a mile from the church are remains of the once famed Palace (now a farmhouse) erected by John Alcock, Bp. of Ely 1486-1501, where four bishops of Ely died. Bp, Wren was arrested here and taken to the Tower of London 1462. The house afterwards passed into decay. When Bp. Patrick was pro- moted to the See in 1691 he obtained an Act of Parliament enabling him to lease out the mansion, &c., and to secure himself and his successors from dilapidations.] Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1890.
6o THE CHURCHES OF
Dry Drajrton. — Sts. Peter and Paul: Chancel, nave, aisles, N. porch, W. embattled tower, clock, five bells. Chancel was extended to its original dimensions in 185 1 and repaired. Until recent years it was curtailed of its original length east- ward. E. window of three lights filled with stained glass to Rev. S. Smith, D.D., Rector and Lord of Manor, sometime Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, ob. Jan. 1841, and Anne, his wife; also Samuel Smith, eldest son, rector, ob, March 4, 1 83 1, age 27. In it a kneeling portrait of Dr. Smith in surplice, hood, and scarf. The family arms and arms quartered with those of wife also appear. Three windows on each side of two lights, transomed. Chancel arch plain Perp., with moulded caps. Sedilia. Nave of three bays with wide Dec. arches and good hood moulds. Octagonal piers with moulded caps, varied, and bases. Those on S. side are earlier. Clerestory small circular lights, quatrefoils. The wide aisles have recessed arches in the walls, and Perp. windows beneath. W. windows of aisles differ in character, good Dec, with foliated circle in head, and transomed. At E. end of N. aisle (formerly used as a vestry) is the site of a chapel, chantry founded 1349,^ afterwards appropriated
^ Galhard, Cardinal Archdeacon of Ely, founded the chantry and endowed it with chaplain's stipend and fifty acres of land.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 6i
by the Hutton family. There were in the wall above three niches, ornamented in the apse with Tudor rose. A good Dec. doorway in S. wall with hood moulding, formerly covered by a porch. N. doorway and porch also Dec. and Perp. Tower and arch early Perp. The latter has good hood mould. Transition from Dec. to Perp. is marked. Font plain octagonal on square stem with octagonal shafts. Early i6th cent, brass representing Thos. Hutton, bare-headed, in armour, head resting on tilting helm ; his lady wears a pedimental head-dress and close-fitting gown open at neck. Mural tablet on wall of S. aisle to Lieut.-Col. Smith, fifth son of Dr. Smith, ob. 1861, who served in the Crimea and Indian Mutiny. Register, 1564. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored, 1861-9, 1873.
Fen Drayton, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary : Chancel, nave, S. aisle, N.and S. porches, low W. tower with short spire. Chancel Perp., E. window five lights, and good three-light side windows, with fragments of stained glass. Double piscina and sedilia (two seats). On N. side a singular splayed slit opening (blocked), apparently it served as an aumbry. Low-side window on S. side (closed) has a narrow glazed window with trefoiled head above. Lower part of Dec. screen remains (traces of colour). Nave of four good
62 THE CHURCHES OF
Dec. arches, octagonal piers with moulded caps. Corbels support roof. Windows on N. side lofty Perp., foliated under transoms. Near chancel arch small Perp. niche. Aisle has plain two-light windows with Dec. square clerestory windows, S. side only. Dec. tower arch very low. W. window Dec, and a good quatrefoil opening unglazed in ringers loft (sound hole). S. porch plain Dec, very small windows. N. porch rebuilt some years ago. Font plain oc- tagonal, on shafts, Dec ; formerly built into pier, now central at W. end of nave. Good modern mural brass (1845) ^^ Rev. George Shaw and wife. Formerly a Jacobean pulpit and hour-glass stand. Register, 1574. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Fen Ditton, N.N.E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, and W. tower. Chancel good example of late Dec work (N. sacristy destroyed). E. window filled stained glass, a memorial to Prof. Haviland. N.W. window lowered to include a low-side window of two lights, from which it is divided by transom. The window has a good hood mould, the other tw^o windows on S. side are of two lights. On N. side one window only remains. A string runs round the walls, dropping for the window openings. Tw^o tabernacle niches on cither side of E. window\ N. priest's door.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 63
Sedilia. Chancel arch lofty and acutely pointed. The fine wooden screen (14th cent.), the lower part in private hands. Entrance to rood-loft at N. side of chancel arch. On S. wall a similar opening level with clerestory windows. Perp. nave has four arches, excellent cap mouldings, and clerestory windows square pointed, of two lights. Some windows have flowing tracery. S. aisles had stone parclose, a very fine piece of work, now removed to W. end, where it is placed across tower arch. Small piscina. Aisle par- close of wood cut down. Two E.E. aisle windows, two lights, those at W. end of N. and S. aisles trans. Perp., and door with good hood mould. Windows E. are Dec. S. porch (same style as nave) in its battlemented form continuous with aisle to old nave roof E. gable. Octagonal font, Perp., bears armorial shields. Perp. pulpit. Some good seats. Nave roof has pitch greatly altered. Buttresses on S. side and two buttresses at E. end have supposed consecration crosses. Tower E.E., taken down and entirely rebuilt in 1880, stands on four arches. The label of westernmost and belfry arch enriched with dog- tooth moulding. Large and wide lancet with two- light window above, staircase turret N.W. angle. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1880, 1888-9.
64 THE CHURCHES OF
Dullingham, E. of Cambridge. — 5/. Mary: Chancel, nave, aisles, N. porch, chapel S. of aisle, embattled W. tower, clock, five bells. Chancel has small restored E. window of three lights, other windows of two lights, square headed. Priest's door, also window blocked. Piscina double, E.E. Low-side window, N., blocked, higher up than usual. Chancel arch masonry displays openings for rood-beam, &c., rood-stairs in part remaining. Nave of four bays with clerestory windows, piers of four semicircu- lar shafts. N. aisle roof supported by tie-beams. At E. end of aisles, and in Lady Chapel, N. side (used as vestry), a piscina; that in S. aisle tall and narrow, in N. aisle quatrefoiled. Porch very good Perp., open windows E. and W. Chapel arches very good. Pulpit of green marble, rather incon- gruous. Perp. font, 1625 {temp. James I.), quatre- foil panels (all different in foliation) have shields, upon which have been painted (i) I.R. crowned; (ii) Prince of Wales' feathers ; (iii) three leopards; (iv) harp of Ireland ; (v) Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) ; (vi) lion rampant, &c. Colours much faded, some designs indistinct. The basin small and completely leaded ; below the bowl are roses at intervals. At N. door a canopied Perp. stoup. In the Lady Chapel an old oak Elizabethan Com- munion table, known as the 'gild table.* A fine
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 65
incised stone, cross design, within the sanctuary, in great part covered and inscription unread. Marble sculpture, by Westmacott, to members of Jeaffreson family. Recumbent figure of Lieut.- General Jeaffreson {pb. 1824), and a tablet to Henrietta, his widow, formerly Viscountess Gor- manston. There are other memorials. Over N. porch entrance a curious medallion, apparently of terra-cotta (not modern), three female heads in wimples, and two other smaller medallions. Dripstone has good heads. Some flint panelling. Tower buttress partly covers N. aisle W. window. On E. and W. faces of N. porch grotesque gar- goyles. S. of W. window a fine niche. Tower very massive. N. door excellent woodwork ; has ancient lock. Traces of door and porch on S. side. The base and portions of the arms of village cross bearing traces of the Crucified, ^'preserved" at Dullingham House. The church once belonged to St. Wendrille's in Normandy. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1884-90.
Duxford St. John, S. of Cambridge.— Some 200 yards from St. Peter's, in state of desertion and decay ; used as a mortuary only, no services held. Chancel with N. chantry chapel, nave, aisles, S. porch, fine central embattled tower with small spire, five bells (one from Duxford St. Peter). Chancel Dec, with modernised E.
E
66 THE CHURCHES OF
window, tracery broken ; chancel arch Norm., with billet moulding. On N. side Dec. pier, with arches (continuous mouldings, corbel heads) lead- ing to chapel. Chapel good Dec, in poor con- dition ; E. window of three lights. Remains of two beautiful niches and trefoil piscina. Rood- stairs in N.W. angle of tower. Font plain octagonal. Tower arch fine Norm., with triple shafts, square abaci, billet moulding, and round arches. Nave separated from aisle by Perp. arches and piers. S.W. doorway excellent Norm. Tympanum has Maltese cross enclosing a rose. Upper part of tower early Dec. Huge supporting buttresses on N. side of tower and at S.W. angle. The twisted spire tells of an indiscreet attempt to mount a heavy flagstaff on Diamond Jubilee day. Register, 1685. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Duxford St. Peter, S. of Cambridge. — Chan- cel, nave with clerestory, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower with small spire, clock, one bell (places for five bells). Chancel (much modernised) partly Norm., partly E.E. Low- side window on N. side of chancel. Sedilia (2), piscina, and aumbry. Chancel arch Perp., very wide. Nave Perp., has good arches, with piers and clerestory. Good open Perp. roof. Aisle windows early Perp. At E. end of N. aisle two good niches, with crocketed canopies, pinnacles,
DUXFORD ST. JOHN. NORTH-WEST
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE ^'j
and angel corbels on either side of window. Tower Norm., said to possess Saxon features; it certainly has later insertions. Belfry windows Norm., with detached lights and single arch. Font basin trans. Norm, to E.E., on Dec. or Perp. base. St. Peter's is consolidated with Duxford St. John. Register, 1684. Bp.'s Transcript, i6cx). Restored, 1874-91.
Elm, S.S.E. of Wisbech.-—^// Saints: Chan- cel, nave, aisles, N. porch, embattled W. tower with small spire, five bells. Chancel (originally longer) walls E.E., with roof higher than that of nave. E. window with stained glass has geo- metrical tracery. Side windows Dec, inserted in E.E. openings, and four lancets. Priest's door near W. end semicircular, with plain mouldings. E.E. arch, good caps and mouldings. Nave six bays, piers alternately round and octa- gonal. Clerestory ten good E.E. lancets, with shafts and early Dec. caps. Nave roof double hammer-beam ; has two tiers of angels with out- spread wings, &c., richly carved. S. aisle walls E.E. Windows Dec. and Perp., in E.E. open- ings. Original shafts remain in jambs. Door- ways E.E. S. door has three recessed shafts and architraves with good mouldings. Porch Dec. at third bay W. N. doorway has seven shafts, very good mouldings. Marble font Italian design.
68 THE CHURCHES OF
Tower E.E., 70 feet high, turret and spire. Modern external facing of three lower stages, shafted arcade, corner turrets octagonal. N. wall shows traces (low-lancet windows) of earlier church (1250), and weather mouldings against face of tower mark pitch of roof. Windows on three sides, very good. Belfry windows semicircular, two lights. Triforium runs along base of W. windows from turret staircase to groined cell in N.W. turret, under which, on ground floor, is a small chamber exactly similar. W. door semi- circular, three shafts, E.E. architraves. Corbel table of masks continued throughout on nave, aisles, and tower. Church dedicated, 1343, by Simon de Montacute, Bp. of Ely. Register, 1539. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1875.
[Friday Bridge is an ecclesiastical parish formed, i860, from Elm parish. Church dedi- cated to St. Mark.]
Elsworth, N.W. of Cambridge. — Hofy Trinity : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, porch, low embattled W. tower, clock, four bells. Spacious chancel raised five steps above nave. Fine double piscina, with stone shelves and early Dec. sedilia ; perhaps the finest example in the county. Chancel stalls returned at W. end ; very fine, with good poppy heads, linen-fold panelling at back. Under book rests of stalls
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 69
are little lockers, retaining their original panelled doors, locks, and hinges. Aumbr}' on N. side. On S. side small square low-side window, with original iron staples, beneath a string course. Arch has good details. Nave four lofty arches, clerestory windows, on S. side quatrefoils. Piers Dec, with filleted shafts. Corbel masks. Aisle windows have good tracery. S. aisle, good piscina; smaller one in N. aisle. N. aisle rebuilt ; tracery of two windows reproduced, and a third replaced at same time new E. window added. Some good carved open seats and pulpit, all Perp. Font plain octagonal, on slender shafts. Tower arch lofty, with half octagonal responds, no caps, recessed mouldings. Tower has good W. door- way and staircase turret on S. side. Pinnacles and battlements have been added. Seven but- tresses have been rebuilt. Fine Dec. wheel cross on chancel gable. Over porch door a sun- dial with inscription MOX. NOX. Chest in tower basement. Monumental slabs remain, having 15th cent, matrices. Register, 1528. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1877, 1894-5. [Church formerly belonged to Ramsey Abbey.] Eltisley, W. of Cambridge. — St. John Baptist and St, Pandiana : ^ Chancel, clerestoried nave,
^ The peculiarity of this dedication has been already referred to under Church Dedications {vide Introduction).
70 THE CHURCHES OF
aisles, N. transept or chapel, S. porch, lofty embattled W. tower, octagonal spire, four bells. Chancel modern. Nave arcade of three bays with Perp. clerestory windows. Piers E.E., circular, with foliaged caps. The N. chapel has a fine E. window, and a canopied tomb with recumbent figures of a knight in armour and lady. The arch, crocketed, with a finial, was apparently at one time under a battlemented square head supported by shafts. Doorway in S. aisle E.E., with tooth ornament in arch. Aisle windows Perp. Roof and some windows modern. Font octagonal basin on circular shaft. Tower E.E., with angular buttresses. Perp. windows. Spire has two good tiers of lights, the lowest double, with crocketed canopies. Brass to the Marshall famil}^, 1640. The Disborrowes settled here about 1600. Major-General Dis- borrowe married at Eltisley to Oliver Cromwell's youngest sister. Register, 1600. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored tower and nave, 1875-9. Ely. — Holy Trinity : The superb Lady Chapel of the cathedral, used as a parochial church (assigned to the parish in 1566), it is unnecessary here to describe. One bell dated 1648, and priest's bell inscribed ►J* Ave .gracia .plena in a belfry at school opposite. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 71
Ely. — St. Mary: Chancel; clerestoried nave, aisles, S. transept chapel, N. porch, W. tower with hexagonal spire, clock, eight bells. Chancel E.E., with Perp. E. window, lancets, arcaded double piscina and canopied sedilia (two) under trefoil arch. Chapel (S. side of nave) good E.E., double piscina, arcaded, E. window in triple lancet form, W. window two lights with trefoil head. Nave of seven pointed arches with E.E. mouldings; the circular piers have Norm, caps (a curious blending of the two styles). Floor level has been altered ; shaft plinths rest on rough stone basements. This is a somewhat remarkable feature. The suggestion that the foundations of these piers were laid bare to give them greater dignity, and the better to accord with the later arches, which displaced those of semicircular form, appears reasonable. Chancel stalls, clerestory, and aisle windows early Perp. The N. porch has fine E.E. doorway, with singular mouldings and banded shafts, trans. Norm. Tower and spire good Dec. An ancient font of barnack stone in churchyard, with inscription in lead letters, of irregular shape, assumed to be pre-Norm., the base hexagonal, and comparatively modern. On S.W. buttress of tower a stone records the burial of five persons executed during Littleport riots 1816. Church rebuilt by Bp.
72 THE CHURCHES OF
Eustachius about 1215. Register, 1670. Bp.'s Transcript, 1606. Restored, 1878-9.
[Formerl}'' two ancient hospitals, Sts. John and Mar}' Magdalene, united under Bp. North- wold c, 1240. Thirteen chaplains and brethren constituted the aggregate community.]
Eversden, Great, S.W. of Cambridge. — St Mary : Chancel, nave, N. porch, W. embattled tower, short spire, three bells. E. window of three lights. Piscina in E. wall with shelf. Aumbr}' on N. side. Chancel arch good Perp ; rood staircase and upper doorway remain. Nave windows of three lights, some fragments of stained glass. Some old oak benches, two stalls with misericords. Jacobean pulpit. Font octagonal, shallow basin of rough workmanship plastered. Iron-bound chest. Porch modern. Tower has projecting bell turret. Register, 1541. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1864.
Eversden, Little, S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Helen : Chancel, nave, N. porch, low embattled W. tower, four bells. Chancel early Dec, E. window Dec. of three lights, with flowing tracery. On N. side a trefoiled lancet and traces of others. Oak stalls originally in the chapel of Queens' College. Chancel arch destroyed. Nave windows Dec, of two lights, flowing tracery. Roofs good, former pitch of nave roof indicated. Font large
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 73
plain octagonal. Rood staircase on S. side, indications of a turret termination. Open wood porch, good, with carved barge board. Inner doorway has continuous Dec. mouldings and a stoup niche. W. tower window Perp., of three lights ; has grotesque dripstone corbels. Register, 1703. Bp.'s Transcript, 1603. Re- stored, 1 891-2.
Fordham, N. of Newmarket. — 5A Peter: Chancel, nave, aisles, chapel (crypt chapel with chamber over) of two stories at N. side of nave near entrance, S. porch, W. embattled tower, six bells. Chancel E.E., original lancets, blocked. Dec. E. window, Perp. side windows; lower part of S.W. lancet forms low-side opening. Sedilia. Reredos. N. and S. stalls (12) and misericords (14th cent.), the elbows carved with demi-angels and lions. Good Perp. open timber roof. E.E. arch, with tooth ornament in jambs. Brass eagle lectern. Nave of five lofty arches with octagonal piers, the two eastern E.E., others plain Dec. Perp. clerestory. Nave and aisle roofs Perp. N. aisle prolonged, in part covering chancel. Windows Perp., S. aisle windows late Dec. S. porch (opposite crypt) good Perp. The chapel of Our Lady over N. entrance a feature of uncommon interest. N. doorway well moulded E.E., with shafts, opens into lower story of
74 THE CHURCHES OF
chapel of six bays, vaulted with stone ribs that spring from late Dec. responds, and borne on two central detached piers. Windows single cinquefoil lights. Chapel above late Dec, with windows of flowing tracery at each end, two on N. side blocked. A doorway from this chapel into the church has trans. Norm, frag- ments. Chapel entered by external staircase turret at N.W. angle. Font, Perp., octagonal with shallow panelling. Tower arch and tower early Perp,, good W. window. N.W. stair turret with good squinches and lofty buttresses. Priest's doorway good E.E., with jamb shafts, well moulded caps and bases. Good gable crosses on chancel and nave. Chapel restored and opened to the interior as a galler}'', 1864. Effigy brass William Chesewright and wife, 1521. Some memorial windows. There are bench ends quaintly designed. The only old glass (14th cent.) is in a window in N. porch, formerly in W. w^indow of S. aisle, but removed when the Withers' memorial was inserted ; it shows an archbishop (? St. Thomas of Canterbury), borders and decorated quarries. Register, 1567. Re- stored, 1874-91.
[The parish register records (Feb. 27, 1604) that James I. hunted the hare and took refresh- ment in Fordham.]
'^TS'WB^fm-x
FORDHAM, ST. MARY. STAINED GLASS ROUNDEL (FOURTEENTH CENTURY)
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 75
Foulmere, S. of Cambridge. — 5/. Mary : Chancel, nave, S. aisle, transepts, S. porch, lofty embattled central tower, five bells. Chancel Dec. Fine E. window, four lights, large canopied niches and projecting stone for image. Double piscina having circular head Norm, to E.E. Low- side window on S. side. Midway in chancel another piscina, close by an aumbry. Rood- screen Perp. Dec. tower rests on four Dec. arches. Transepts Dec, windows large (with good tracery), and shafts, architrave, and drip- stone. In N. transept two niches, in S. transept a piscina. Nave Dec., separated from aisle by three arches and piers. Clerestory late Perp. Aisle Dec, with good windows. Porch and W. doorway Perp. N. transept has ball flower orna- ment in exterior cornice. Font octagonal, with Dec panels. On pier of S. tower arch a pro- jecting head for an image. On chancel wall, N. and S., two helmets, swords, and pennons long suspended. Arch on N. side may have been an Easter Sepulchre. Memorial window in chancel to Rev. Wm. Metcalfe, former rector. Register, 1561. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1876-90. Foxton, S. of Cambridge. — St. Lawrence : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, embattled W. tower, clock, five bells. Chancel has fine E.E. triplet, widely splayed, with jamb
/6 THE CHURCHES OF
shafts, moulded arches, and tooth ornament in hood moulds. S. side has Dec. windows, an E.E. string carried over piscina and around chancel. Large square-headed double E.E. piscina, the intersecting arches renewed. In N. wall a recess. The high-pitched chancel roof has good Perp. carved corbels and cornice. Arch destroyed. Rood - screen richly carved. The upper and lower rood-doors remain. Nave has three arches on each side slightly differing in detail, arches low, those on N. side good E.E., with moulded caps and bases. Arches on S. side E.E., the westernmost Perp. Clerestory has w^indows of three lights late Perp., except two W. windows of two lights. Nave roof late Perp. N. aisle has E.E. doorway and good string. Dec. windows. At E. end are two good Dec. image brackets ; i. one has ball flower ornament. Also a Dec. piscina, Perp. parclose. S. aisle has E.E. string and piscina singularly built in. Windows Dec, the W. end Perp. Tower arch good Perp. with shafts. Font, E.E., has central and surrounding stems. It has passed through many changes.^ Nave has good old open seats. Remains of 14th cent, glass. Register, 1640. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored, 1881.
^ Church built about 1456. An indulgence granted to those who should contribute.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE J*!
Fulbourne, S.S.E. of Cambridge. — St, Vigor: Another church, All Saints^ stood S.E. of St. Vigor in same churchyard. Perfectly distinct parishes. The steeple fell (Trinity Sunday 1766), demolishing nave and chancel. Two of the five bells were cracked, and were sold to defray cost of recasting the other three. It seems to have been a cruciform church. The oak benches and fittings disappeared. Panels of screen, with paintings of Our Saviour and St. Elizabeth of Hungary, now in library of Trinity College, Cambridge.
St, Vigor. — Consists of chancel, with sacristy on N. side, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. transept, S. porch with parvise, and embattled W. tower, clock, six bells. 1 Chancel has early Perp. E. window of five cinquefoil lights under a transom, stained glass. An irregular E.E. cusped arch, with fleur-de-lis terminations, forms a sedile, a curious septfoil recess. On N. side a septfoil monumental arch, and within a wooden feretrum of six compartments. An emaciated recumbent effigy in stone of John Careway, a former rector, in a winding-sheet [pb, 1443). There is a N. chantry attached to the chancel, and a Perp. sacristy entered (where a piscina occurs) by two
^ The bells (recast 1776) are inscribed with a recital of cir- cumstances consequent on the ruination of All Saints Church.
78 THE CHURCHES OF
arches. Nave of five bays, N. arcade E.E. S. piers good clustered Dec, with bell caps. Windows of S. aisle Dec, those N.E. Perp. Fine open benches, with poppy heads and panelling. S. transept has Dec. and Perp. windows. Small low-side window at W. side of transept. A high tomb with two recumbent effigies, 1633, probably representing Edward Wood and lady {pb. 1633). A^so tablet to Tyrell Dalton [pb. 1682). The S. porch has inner arch opening eastward into aisle. Tower arch E.E., lancet in form, resting on brackets. Lower stage of tower has lancet with deep internal splay, and W. doorway. W. window Perp., rest of tower E.E., surmounted by stunted spire, bell hangs outside. Pulpit of carved oak [c, 1330), has panels trefoiled and crocketed with quaint spandril carving. Good E.E. string course runs round interior. Under a canopy in chancel a large effigy brass to Wm. de Fulbourne, chaplain to Edward HI. (pb, 1390), vested in cope, border inscription muti- lated. This is one of the earliest remaining brasses. In nave another brass of a priest [c. 1390), in eucharistic vestments, possibly Roger Grymm, a former rector. Another brass, small, to Geoffrey Bysschop, Vicar of All Saints (1477), in eucharistic vestments, the hands crossed down- wards ; a modern inscription has been supplied
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 79
from Blomefield. Also a lady (15th cent.). Por- tions of brasses now mounted on board affixed to wall. Font modern. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Gamlingay, S.E. of St. Neots.— 5/. Mary: Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and S. transept chapels, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower, small spire, five bells. Chancel walls Dec, with late Perp. windows. On N. side late Perp. sacristy. Good 15th cent, stalls (6) and misericords are par- ticularly well fashioned and elaborately moulded. The misericords have been injured ; the others, though somewhat roughly carved, are interesting examples. Presumably these were the seats allotted to the Brotherhood established here. Fine early Perp. rood-screen. Carved angels forming corbels to original roof remain. Nave five arches Dec, octagonal piers and moulded caps, those on N. side being more richly moulded. Aisles have Dec. walls, and windows late Perp. A good string carried round S. aisle and chapel. The latter has piscina and bracket. Over chancel arch two late Perp. windows. Nave roof and clerestory plain Perp. Good Dpen seats. Perp. font octagonal and panelled ; Tiutilated. Porches (large) have groined roofs,' hat on N. side has a room above, turret at D.W. corner, entered by staircase. S. porch has
8o THE CHURCHES OF
cinquefoil niche. Good gargoyles and dripstone terminations at E. end. Tower has good W. doorway, and Perp. windows under square hood moulds, those in upper story deeply recessed, with plain chamfers in the jambs. On S. side of doorway a stoup. Early Dec. screen in tower, arch at W. end. Some good glass. Church battlemented throughout. Register, 1699. Bp.'s Transcript, 1 60 1. Restored, 1843, 188 1.
Girton, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew: An early Dec. church largely transformed by poor Perp. Chancel, nave, aisles, transept, S. porch (blocked room above), embattled W. tower, clock, four bells. E. window Perp., with tran- soms, stained glass. The two N. chancel win- dows blocked, one part covered by vestry. Two windows on S. side. Piscina cinquefoiled, basin obliterated. Chancel walls partly stencilled, lower portions tastelessly painted and plastered. Uppei and lower entrances to rood-loft by S. chance pier ; the lower has square head with quatrefoi. and other ornament. Lower part of good Perp. rood-screen recently varnished and badly treated. Chancel arch of wide span. Royal arms above. Nave four arches, Perp., on each side, with tall clerestory windows of three lights. Roof good Perp., with tie-beams. Window^s and doorways late and plain. N. doorway Dec. S. aisle has Dec.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 8i
piscina, large and wide trefoil head, no drain. At W. end both aisles have a single narrow win- dow without architraves, of two lights. Tower arch of wide span. Door leading to porch chamber in S. wall has square head, quatrefoil ornament : both here and in turret staircase are quatrefoil lights. Good original door, with iron bands (leading to tower), end of S. aisle. Poly- gonal turret that runs some way up S. face of tower entered from interior. Doorway in S. angle, about six feet from floor, has no visible means of access. Perp. tower on three arches has earlier windows without architraves. Frag- ments of old glass, and some old open seats. Dec. font, plain octagonal, lately barbarously covered with white enaineL paint. In chancel two brasses to former rectors : (i) Wm. Malster, Canon of York (in cope), 1492; (2) Wm. Stevyn,' -:anon of Lincoln (in cope), 1497. Good S. f^rch Perp., lighted by side windows. Several gjood dripstone heads and gargoyles. Priest's door (S. side of chancel) has exceptionally good dripstone heads of king and monk. There are ::otton memorials. Chancel, nave, and aisles i^eavily battlemented. On outer chancel wall on I, side a small arched recess (blocked) of irregu- ar construction ; seems to have been a 'low-side vindow.' A range of old coffin stones, much worn,
F
82 THE CHURCHES OF
of great interest, form coping of E. churchyard wall. Porch and chancel alone have buttresses. Regi- ster, 1629. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1853.
[Free-Chapel of St. James in Howes^ a hamlet of this parish (sometimes accounted in Cambridge parish of St. Peter), was about a mile distant from Girton Church. Church formerly connected with Ramsey Abbey.]
Grandsen Parva, W. by S. of Cambridge. — Sts. Peter and Paul: Chancel, nave, aisles, lofty embattled W. tower, three bells (second bell has ►J* Sancte Necolane Or a Pro Nobis). S. porch E.E. Chancel remarkable for two east windows, one of two lights, with quatrefoils in head, other Dec, with flowing tracery. N. and S. have similar windows. E.E. string runs round chancel. Good stalls and Perp. screen. Chancel arch earl}^ Dec. Nave of four arches early Dec. Octagonal piers have moulded caps. Clerestory windows late Perp. N. aisle originally had single lancets. E.E. doorway. Aisle windows late Perp. Tower arch, early Perp., narrow and lofty. Tower of same date. Font plain octagonal, Dec. Old open seats remain in nave. Two good gable crosses. Chancel restored 1858. E. end rebuilt 1875. Register, 1730. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored further, 1885-8.
Grantchester, S.W. of Cambridge. — Sts.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 83
Mary ond Andrew: Chancel, nave, S. aisle N porch, embattled W. tower, clock, three bells" Chancel good Dec, late, with high-pitched roof E window very fine Dec, five lights, stained glass (g,ft of Rev. Dr. Streane, Vicar), with flow- ing tracery, and jamb shafts with octagonal caps and bases. Side windows three lights, with varied flowing tracery. In internal shafts be- tween windows with projecting ogee hoods are double cinquefoil niches, and below a bold string course. Sedile. Small cinquefoiled piscina of like character, niche on either side of E. window Under N.E. window a low widespread o-ee sepulchral recess with deep mouldings. Chancel arch plain Perp., with shafts having moulded caps Rood staircase unusually large, fairly well pre- served. Nave Perp., four bays, windows of three lights, with depressed arches. N eastern under Dec, arch, which perhaps opened into a' chapel. Nave has open timber roof. S W of :hancel arcli a low-side window. On N side Dec. recess (for an altar), with Perp. window inder arch. On S. side high panelled tomb erp., under square label, spandrils filled with [uatrefoils, and otherwise ornamented. Matrices ■f brasses c. 1470. S. aisle erected 1877 The emohtion of S. wall showed that nave wall had een extended and heightened. Some light is
84 THE CHURCHES OF
thrown on the earlier structure by the discovery of an E.E. lancet, small round-headed window, and parts of Norm, doorway, &c., together with some corbels with rudely cut grotesque heads. Roman tiles, and two pieces of Roman quern also found. Font Norm., circular, on E.E. stem. N. porch has good Perp. mouldings. Upper part of W. window occupies place of old W. door. Tower window with two cinquefoil arches with drip- stone. Square Jacobean pulpit ornamented with shields of arms (two chevronels and a canton) said to have come from King's College. Near S. door an external entrance to turret. Arms of Bp. Fordham {pb. 1425) occur on tower. [Being due S. of Cambridge Observatory, a collmeator is set on top of tower, formerly a guide for astro- nomers. Bede's assertion concerning discovery of Queen Etheldreda's coffin under walls of the ruined city of Grantchester must refer to Roman Cambridge, which had its centre in vicinity of Castle Hill. A St. Christopher painting on N. wall of nave, 1 5th cent., has been destroyed.] Register, 1539. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1887-91, during which seven windows erected.
[New ecclesiastical district has church dedicated to St. Maj'k.]
Graveley, S.E. of Huntingdon. — St.Botolph: Chancel, nave, N. porch, low embattled W. tower,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 85
four bells. Chancel rebuilt of red brick c. 1750 (described as * Grecian ' architecture), when chan- cel arch was apparently destroyed and church generally much mutilated (and 'ornamented!'). Tablet to Rev. Henry Trotter, a former rector, states that he then '' rebuilt and beautified the chancel." ^ Doorway to rood-loft remains. Nave late E.E., had two-light windows with circles in head. On N. side are four E.E. arches to an aisle (now destroyed). They are blocked, and two-light windows inserted. Good tower arch. Tower Perp., with modern W. window, good buttresses to nave at tower angles. Stone coffin near N. nave door (outside) and coffin-lids built into S. wall. Register, 1642. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1874-6, 1888.
Guilden Morden, S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Maiy : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, low spire, clock, six bells. Chancel Perp., original sacristy on N. side. E. window modern, brackets on either side, small Perp. cinquefoil piscina. Sill of S.E. windows form sedilia. Rood-screen Dec, best in county, very fine and perfect, carrying cinquefoil, arches ornamented quatrefoils with slender banded shafts.
^ The Rev, Henry Trotter left considerable sums for aug- menting the rectory, endowment of school and other charitable uses. He gave his library for the use of his successors and neigh- bouring clergy, and ;^S0 for a room in which to house the books.
86 THE CHURCHES OF
Each lateral enclosure is 7 feet wide and more than 6 feet in breadth ; against this work stood altar of the Holy Cross. The lower panels have 1 5th cent, paintings of Sts. Edmund and Erkenwald, &c. Beneath the arch appears an interesting quatrain. Nave six arches, those on N. side and three W. arches on S. side early Dec, and have clustered columns ; other arches S. side octagonal piers, and are late Dec. ; all have moulded caps. Good early Perp. parclose at E. end of N. aisle. Aisle windows late Perp. insertions in older w^alls with original string course. Clerestory Perp. Ori- ginal height of nave seen in Dec. moulding cut through to insert windows. Tower arch Dec, and well moulded. Font, basin circular Norm., with cable moulding on upper edge, rests on five shafts of later date. Some good open seats. Tower has four crocketed pinnacles. S. porch Perp. Staircase turret at S.E. angle of nave has original capping. Register, 1653. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored, 1856.
[Chapel of Rodi'eth in this parish long since destroyed.]
Haddenham, N. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity: Church largely rebuilt, occupies commanding posi- tion in the fen district. Chancel, nave, aisles, transepts, N. and S. porches, E.E. tower, clock, six bells. Chancel E.E., has three triplet lights
CAMBRIDGESHIRE ^f
at E. end, walls have a string course. Trefoiled piscina. Sedilia in sill of S.E. window. On N. side wide trefoiled arch, with crocketed canopy and pinnacles. Priest's door on N. side opens into vestry. Side windows good early Dec, with deep internal jamb shafts with moulded caps. Chancel arch Perp., transepts Perp.; each have niches and piscina. Arches opening into aisles have Dec. and E.E. piers. Nave has seven arches on each side, six are trans. E.E. Transept arches Perp., octagonal, with moulded caps. Aisles have early Dec. and Perp. windows. Clerestory and roof Perp. ; roof rests on good corbels. N. transept roof put up by John Godfrey (od. 1454). S. porch good Dec, square-headed windows divided by detached shaft. Font Perp., fine octagonal basin and hexagonal base, richly panelled with roses and angels bearing shields supported by four griflSns seated. In S. porch an old plain font, long buried. Fine E.E. (tran- sition) tower, 72 feet high, rebuilt 1876, sup- ported by three lofty well-moulded arches ; recessed W. door has four shafts in jambs, all richly moulded ; over is a three-light Dec. window, with hood mould, tooth and ball flower ornament in the hollows. Above is a recessed circular window filled with early Dec. tracery and ball flower ornament in spla3\ On N. side
88 THE CHURCHES OF
ball flower and tooth ornament prominent. Belfry story has double lancets, cinquefoiled in head, richly moulded. Staircase turret, S.W. angle, carried on good double squinches well carved. Good Perp. rood-screen (stored over thirt}' years in a builder's yard) lately restored to the r church. Staircase turret to rood-loft on S. side. I Well-carved Elizabethan altar table, on seven legs. Brasses to (i) Wm. Noion (o5. 1405), ultimus Rector^ Canon of York, Lincoln and Chichester; effigy, in cope, missing, double canopy and in- scription alone remain ; (2) John Godfrey and wife Margaret (1454) removed from N. transept floor, now mural. Register, 1570. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599.
Hardwick, W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: ■ Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, spire, three bells, modern vestry. Chancel Perp., with Dec. windows, one a memorial window to Rev. J. S. Brown, formerly rector. On S. side other windows, Perp. Plain E. window of three lights, cusping destroyed. Piscina. Rood-loft stairs and doorways remain (very small openings to give ^ light in rood staircase wall). There appears to have been a turret, which possibly communicated with opposite side from exterior. Nave Perp. Chancel and nave have good Queen-post roofs. S. porch has original oak open roof and two-light,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 89
square-headed side windows. Tower arch lofty, Perp., of lancet form. Font plain octagonal, cup shaped. Large oak chest, iron bound, has remains of armour, probably appertaining to a knight's tomb. There were painted on S. wall of nave the legend of St. Cyriac, the six acts of mercy, and over N. door St. Christopher (late 15th cent.). Register, 1564. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Harlton, S.W. of Cambridge.— 5/. Mary [Asstiinptiofi of) : Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, low embattled tower, three bells. A church of singular interest, erected c. 1370. Trans. Dec. to Perp. throughout. The E. window of five lights, with flowing and vertical tracery. On each side an elegant niche. Chancel win- dows trans. Perp. Good priest's door. Stone reredos very fine, thirteen crocketed niches and central recess (? for relics), stone brackets on N. wall. Large fine piscina, with square hood, well- carved heads, and foliated spandrils. Sill of E.E. window forms sedilia. Arch fine and lofty, of like character, with four nave arches, Perp., caps with mouldings inclining to Dec. Stone rood- screen upon low wall, with six cinquefoil arches, centre arched opening. At N.W. angle of chan- cel the entrance to rood-loft turret with newel staircase, and original door with ironwork in
90 THE CHURCHES OF
N. aisle, opening upon roof. Aisles same style as rest of church. Windows fine, have transoms. E. window, S. aisle, has three lights transomed. Lofty tower arch with continuous mouldings. Porches have well-moulded doorways of varied design, that on N. side (formerly groined) has mutilated stoup in angle with foliated basin on clustered shaft. Good Jacobean pulpit. Some old stalls in chancel, with poppies. Roofs low, but open and good. Font modern. There are good corbel heads within and without the church. Register, 1584 (? 1636). Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Harston, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, and embattled W. tower (iv}' clad), four bells (the tenor has a strangely reversed inscription in com- mon with the third bell at Newton, q.v^. Chan- cel modern, arch Perp., rood-screen with stair- way. Stair turret at N.E. angle of nave carried up above roof with original conical capping. Nave of five bays late Perp., as also aisles. Nave and aisles alike very narrow (S. aisle being considerably narrower than N., only about 4 feet wide). Pier arches have shafts attached to E. and W. sides carrying moulded arches. Surface of wall, of which arches are a part, quite flat towards nave and aisle, a singular arrangement. Nave roof (with clerestory) has
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 91
quaintly carved corbels, eight of a possible twelve, the face of each figure perhaps sug- gestively turned away from altar. Nave roof open and plain, E. end of N. aisle projects, forming a chapel, and containing piscina. Pis- cina also at E. end of S. aisle. Some ancient open seats remain. Porch has good open roof, in which is a female head with horned head- dress. Small plain octagonal font. Some frag- ments of old glass. Pulpit late Dec, plain octagonal on shaft. Nave, aisles, and porch battlemented, modern vestry attached to chancel. Register, 1686. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re- stored, 1870, 1883.
Haslingfield, S. by S.W. of Cambridge.—^// Saints : Fine spacious church of unusual width. Chancel, nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, em- battled W. tower, low spire, clock, five bells. Chancel [c. 1 300) early Dec. Walls are Norm., portions of exterior string course in S. wall with tooth ornament. Roof abounds in ornamenta- tion, and has many singular subjects. E. window of five lights, on N. side a lancet. S. side has a trefoiled lancet, under which is E.E. priest's door, other windows Dec. Arch E.E. trans., tooth ornament under hood mould, ball flower in label. E.E. arch moulds. Remains of Dec. rood-screen. Nave piers (4) good Dec, clustered,
92 THE CHURCHES OF
with moulded caps. Arches on each side differ- ently moulded. Responds at E. and W. ends E.E., as are two W. arches on S. side. Clerestory two-light windows are directly over the piers. Aisles Dec, good windows of three lights with reticulated tracery ; strings are continued from labels. Open timber roofs have spandrils pierced and carried by good corbel heads. Nave roof (flat Jacobean) has good carved wooden bosses, some with foliage of E.E. character, fine and curious. Pulpit late Perp., good old open seats. Some good glass remains. Plain Dec. octagonal font, built into pHnth of S.W. pillar. Lofty tower arch Perp., well moulded. N. porch large, Dec, S. porch smaller, with low semicircular leaded roof with side windows. Tower Perp., is re- markably fine, with octagonal pinnacled corner turrets springing from buttresses. Cornice moulded with central garg03'les. Good W. square - headed doorway. Belfry, two - light windows in couplets under square head with transoms. W. window of four trefoiled lights under square head. Ringers' loft has slight window divided by mullions, a good band of quatrefoils round basement. Staircase turret in S.W. angle within buttress. Monuments in chancel to Wendy family ; effigies in alabaster of Dr. Thos. Wendy (Court Physician to Henry
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 93
VIII., Edward VI., Mary and Elizabeth) and wife, son, and daughter-in-law ; a white marble effigy in niche to Sir Thos. Wendy, K.B.(od. 1643). Over, hangs crested helm and gauntlets, and formerly sword, spurs, and armorial pennon. Memorial stained glass window, three lights, to the missionary Bp. C. F. Mackenzie, Vicar 185 1-5. Good Dec. wheel cross on E. gable of nave. [A chapel largely resorted to by pilgrims at Easter was on a hill called Chapel Hill. Formerly there were chantries here (the Assump- tion, founded 1344, and Nativity of B.V.M., founded 1391.)] Register, 1709. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored, 1875-9, 1898.
Hatley, East, S.W. of Cambridge. — SL Denys : Chancel, nave, S. porch. N. porch and W. turret added in recent years, one bell. Chancel rebuilt ; windows of two lights with quatrefoils in head. Low - side openings on either side of chancel, that on N. side had string course carried over. Chancel arch (enlarged for new chancel 1874, the screen then taken away) good early Dec, with moulded caps. Two nave windows similar to those in chancel, others, including W. window, single lancets foliated. S. porch dated 1673, ^^<^ Downing arms impaling Carlisle. Buttresses at W. end. In previous tower there were (temp. Edward VI.) three bells. Three windows have
94 THE CHURCHES OF
stained glass. Brass effigy, a lady (c. 1520). Matrix of husband, three shields of arms. Table- tomb to Mrs. Constance Castell (0^. 1610). Other memorials re-arranged and a table-tomb levelled in 1874. Register, 1678. Bp.'s Transcript, 1602. Restored, 1874.
Hatley St. George, S.W. of Cambridge. — Dedication uncertain. Church built 1352. Chan- cel, nave, loft}' embattled W. tower, two bells. Chancel formerly rebuilt, of red brick, had at its E. half a family vault, being half the height of the W. portion. Nave Perp., with good N. and S. doorways, former has square hood moulds. Niche for stoup inside S. door. Tower has early Perp. W. window. Belfry windows dated 1621. Presumably date of alteration. Monumental brass to Baldewinus Saynt-George (od. 1425) ; effigy in complete armour (2 feet 7 inches high) now placed above pulpit. Shields on either side modern (ap- parently placed theie in 1671), lower one ancient {a f esse between three cinquefoils). Register, 1 589. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1878.
Hauxton,S. S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Edmund: A small early church, built c. 11 2,0, retaining (tower excepted) original plan. Chancel, nave, S. porch, and embattled W. tower, three bells. Chancel (walls throughout Norm.) has Dec. E. window of three lights with string under; was
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 95
found on restoration in i860 to have had originally a semicircular apse. Piscina Dec, plain stone bench as sedile. On S. side of arch (flanked by arched recesses in which were side altars, c. 1229) is a squint and a piscina. The chapels destroyed are indicated by small Dec. windows. On S. side of chancel arch, within arched recess, a well preserved mural painting (13th cent.) representing St. Thomas Becket. Perp. rood-screen with folding doors and part of frame remain. Also sedile recess. High pitched Perp. roof Pulpit Perp. Jacobean read- ing-desk. Font Norm., octagonal basin on five shafts. The outline of a shallow Norm, porch, formerly attached to S. doorwa}'^, may be traced, plain escalloped caps. Square lintel has star ornament. N. doorway small, plain, with circular head. In angle of wall at W. end a Norm, bowtell. Norm, buttress at E. end of nave, S. side. W. window of three lights, with notch heads to dripstone. Some ancient open seats. Register, 1560. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Hildersham, S.E. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity : Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. chantry, S. porch, W. tower, three bells. Chancel originally E.E., has inserted Perp. windows, the E. window of five lights, filled stained glass, memorial to Rev. Chas. Goodwin, a former rector.
g6 THE CHURCHES OF I
and Sarah his wife. Two large windows on either side, with fragments of stained glass. Carved memorial reredos of alabaster designed by Buckler. Piscina Dec, sacristy on N. side E.E., arched roof and Perp. doorway. On N. side altar-tomb in canopied recess, richly moulded and crocketed, with elegant cross brass, elaborate open head, and side effigies of double quatrefoils. Effigies of Robert de Parys and wife Alienora (c. 1379) kneeling on either side of a floriated cross with representation of Holy Trinity above ; below the figures are shields, which in absence of inscriptions serve to identify them. A brass effigy in plate armour of Henry Paris {ob. 1466) under a Dec. canopy mutilated, with Holy Trinity as finial. Henry Parys (in plate armour) and wife Margaret in kirtle and mantle {c. 1427). Another brass, a skeleton in shroud (3 feet in length) [c. 1530). Under arch between chancel and S. chapel (now organ chamber) on modern tomb is a cross-legged (mutilated) wooden effigy, in armour, length 6 feet, said to represent Sir Thos. Busteler {ob. 1370), but the figure seems to be earlier. On altar-tomb of wood, in vestry, a wooden effigy, said to be wife of Sir Thos. Busteler, length 5 feet 10 inches. Chancel arch E.E., as are arches separating nave from aisles. The piers of two nave arches formed of
HAUXTOX, ST. EDMUXD. SOUTH DOORWAY
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 97
semicircular shafts. Clerestory windows square, under pointed arches. Aisles early Dec. E.E.font octagonal, resting on four pillars. Tower E.E., two small arches occupy place of single tower arch. S. doorway E.E. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1604. Restored, 1878, 1885-90.
Hinton (otherwise Cherry Hinton), S.E. of Cambridge. — 5/. Andrew : Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, sacristy, embattled W. tower, five bells. Chancel, particularly fine E.E., has five lancet lights in E. wall, eight lancets arranged in couplets N. and S., beautiful cinquefoil arcading on banded shafts passes along N. and S. walls. Very fine double piscina with tooth moulding, and graduated sedilia, and priest's door well moulded with single shafts. Perp. rood-screen panels, land ^eats of same period. Others are earlier, with quaintly carved poppy heads. E.E. chancel arch, with clustered piers. Nave of five lofty lE.E. arches, richly moulded, with good caps and bases. Aisle walls below string E.E. Windows N. and S. Perp., of three lights. Roof of N. aisle carried on good corbel brackets, angels bearing shields. Table-tombs. Piscina. Sac- risty, a late Tudor erection, N.E. of chancel. Plain E.E. circular font on pedestal by S.W. pier (formerly on five shafts). The matrix of a ine E.E. brass, and an altar slab remain. S.
G
98 THE CHURCHES OF
porch Perp., the inner doorway E.E., N. door- way E.E. Tower arch Perp. Trans. Norm, jambs, with double shafts. Tower, late, has square-headed windows of two hghts. At S.W. corner a newel staircase. Good exterior strings, and massive buttresses. On W. inner wall of tower basement a coffin slab inserted, showing a person's head and shoulders, with hands conjoined in prayer (13th cent.). In churchyard the remains of cross shaft and pedestal. [The clerestory ; parclose screens at E. end of aisles enclosing chantries, with sanctus bell above ; open benches, and much else of interest, have been abstracted. The Jacobean pulpit is at Teversham.] Ar- morial glass with Orate, &c., John and Margt. Thryplaw. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1880-6.
Hinxton, S. of Cambridge. — St. Maiy (? and St. John) : Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. chapel, S. porch, and embattled W. tower with spire, clock, two bells, and priest's bell. E. window Perp. ; Dec. chancel arch. A Dec. arch leads into chapel, which is partly Dec. and in part Perp. E. window Dec, with shafts. S. window trans. Dec. to Perp. Piscina trefoiled. Effigy brasses to Sir Thos. Skelton and two wives (1416), the male figure in complete armour. On S. side of chancel arch a Perp. squint pierces two feet of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 99
solid masonry. In jamb of N.E. window is the rood-loft entrance. Monument in chancel to Sir Thos. Dayrell [ob. 1669), wife, and other members of family, the inscription of great length, with account of numerous descendants. Nave Dec, separated from aisle by Perp. arch of wide span. Piscina. Septfoil stoup in wall by S. aisle door. Font Norm., square basin with octagonal stem and shafts. Porch Perp., battlemcnted, has side windows of three lights, square headed. Tower Dec. On W. side of spire hangs the small bell. Some old stained glass. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Histon, N. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew: For- merly a second church (St. Etheldreda) stood W. of St. Andrew's ; it was sacrilegiously pulled down in 1600 by Sir Francis Hinde, Lord of the Manor, the materials being used to build his house at Madingley. On the removal of an unfinished gallery at end of Madingley Hall stone tracery and moulded work belonging to St. Etheldreda's were discovered and reincorporated in chancel of St. Andrew on its restoration in 1874. St. Andrew's consists of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, transept, S. porch, central tower, clock, six bells. The restoration in many ways praise- worthy, but undoubtedly excessive. Chancel very fine E.E. At the restoration 1874-5 (under
100 THE CHURCHES OF
Sir Gilbert Scott) a poor Perp. window was removed, and the chancel being extended another bay eastward (as originally planned), a beautiful E. window of three arches was constructed, that in centre enclosing three slender lancets, with a smaller on either side. The mouldings very rich and ornamented with dog-toothing, the whole fashioned after a single stone found in E. wall. On N. and S. walls three windows, single lancet and two double lancets. Sedilia (2). The whole filled with Munich glass. Oak stalls partially restored. The transepts greatly resemble each other. S. transept has in E. wall two E.E. bays enclosing triple lancets, the bays supported b}^ clusters of slender shafts. The central one has been removed and a Dec. niche and canopy in- serted, together with a group representing the burial of St. Catherine. Spandrils of bays filled with quatrefoils and trefoils. Trefoiled arcade runs along S. and W. walls. In S. wall fine double piscina of interlacing arches, with shafts of purbeck marble ; large E. five-light Perp. window inserted in place of original lancets. W. wall has similarly a two-light Perp. window. This transept has been used as a mortuary chapel. N. transept has double piscina and Perp. niche. In the tracery of arcades a St. Andrew's Cross rises from shafts. Arches leading into aisles
CAMBRIDGESHIRE lOi
differ only in shaft caps. Tower, carried on four low arches, displays many singular features. Belfry was reached by octagonal wooden stair- case (now removed) in N. transept, and the present curious approach made in N. aisle. The Perp. nave (3 bays) and aisles restored by Bod- ley ; arches rest on octagonal piers. Four cler- estory windows N. and S. Perp., have two lights each. Octagonal font Perp. (stone-painted), with sunken quatrefoils of two designs, stands W. of the pier of the S. aisle. The W. wall has good doorway and two windows of two narrow lights, with sexfoil circular heads, and a large sexfoil window within circle above, imitation E.E., taking the place of a Perp. window. Fine oak eagle lectern, St. John writing Gospel. Panels of old woodwork wrought into a cupboard. Angel carved in oak, bearing shell, suspended from iron bracket as a supplementary font. Brass pulpit on oak shaft. A few good open seats with foliaged poppy heads, animal representations^ &c. The fine old church chest of oak with carved tracery panels is in last stage of decay. S. porch Dec, has low stone bench, niche, and bracket; the folding doors have old iron- work. Over S. transept very fine gable cross displaying traces of rood, much weather worn. W. wall has fragments of Norm, work
I02 THE CHURCHES OF
incorporated. Register, 1655. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Horningsea, N.E. of Cambridge. — St. Peter : Chancel and nave (under one roof), aisles, S. porch, W. tower, five bells. Chancel E.E. ; there are deeply splayed trefoil-headed lancets, double piscina, priest's door, aumbr}^ in N. wall. Plain niche in N. v/all has inscription : GOD | MAKE US I SAAF.^ E. window and other windows Perp. No chancel arch. Nave of five arches, trans. Norm, on S. side, on N. side Dec, with octa- gonal caps. Long stone bench from side chapel to N. door. Aisles Dec, have good windows, par- ticularly that at E. end of S. aisle, of three lights, where a fine niche in S.E. angle and singular piscina remain and have traces of colour. At W. end of S. aisle a large square window, five lights. Font E.E., on central stem and shafts. Inner door of porch good Dec. Grotesque figures at eaves, quatrefoil circles on either side, and niche over doorway. Porch and S. aisle under continuous roof. Some good 15th cent, benches, seats, and fragments of old stained glass. Some coffin-lids are exposed to view. Lower panels of rood-screen painted. Elizabethan pulpit embel- lished with the linen panelling has canopy back
^ Origin unknown. The Lomhardic lettering has been renewed.
HISTOX, ST, ANDREW. GABLE [ROOD] CROSS
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 103
and sounding-board, with modern base. Tower has graduated parapet, on the W. face a good lancet. At S.W. angle two very large buttresses. A Jacobean inscribed alms-box no longer exists. Register, 1628. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Re- stored, 1847, 1865, 1890.
Horseheath, S.E. of Cambridge. — All Saints : Chancel, nave, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower, four bells. Chancel Dec, E. window has flowing tracery. On N. side the easternmost win- dow blocked, the other Dec. Cinquefoil piscina. On S. side, monuments with effigies to Sir Giles Allington, Master of the Ordnance, temp. Henry VIII. (pb. 1586), and his son G3^1es, both in armour. On N. side, monument with effigies to Sir Giles Allington (pb. 161 3), wife Dorothy, and kneeling figures of children. Brass with muti- lated effigy to Robert, son of Sir Giles Allington {pb. 1552), and Margaret (Coningsbie) his wife, and inscribed brasses to Joan Alyngton, sister and heiress of John Argentine (pb. 1429), and to Mary (Cheyne), wife of John Alyngton (c. 1470). A fine 14th cent, brass (erroneously said to be to Sir John de Argentine) commemorates Wm. de Audely in armour (pb. 1365). The canopy (except a fragment representing an angel issuing from a cloud) and inscription are missing. There is also a brass (Che3'ne) and a tablet to Baron
104 THE CHURCHES OF
Montfort (Bromley); ob. 185 1. A Bromley helmet is suspended from N. wall. Doors to rood-loft remain. The dexter spandril of square head entrance in N. wall has a curious carving of a heart pierced with a cross ; lower part of painted rood-screen remains. Nave Perp., with large transomed windows. N. porch of brick blocked. Good two-light W. window has corbel heads. Font good Perp., panelled stem. Dec. porch has a curious bracket stoup inserted ; it has the appear- ance of a piscina basin, which it undoubtedly was originally. Good side windows. Tower Dec. Two curious old pews with roofs and pierced fronts formerly here. Sundial over porch. Nave parapet S. side largely of brick. Stone with Norm, chevron inserted in wall behind pulpit. Belfry door in S.W. interior angle, with wall light. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1880-91.
Ickleton, S. of Cambridge. — St. Mary Magda- lene : A church of exceptional interest, but with rather poor exterior. Chancel, nave, aisles, S. tran- sept, S. porch, central tower, lofty shingle broach spire, clock, six bells. Sacring bell hangs outside spire. Originally cruciform, but N. transept de- stroyed. Possesses features older than the recog- nised Norm, building. The chancel walls are undoubted Norm., but bear no outward mark of
■MMMItl
HORSEHEATH, ALL SALXTS, ALLINGTON MONUMENT
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 105
original character. Present chancel Perp. (with N. and S. chantry chapels now destroyed ; a vestry occupies place of N. chapel). Small Perp. piscina, sedilia, and low-side window are said to have been in ruinous state when chancel was restored, or rather entirely rebuilt, by Ecclesiasti- cal Commissioners (1882-3). The remains of Dec. rood-loft with carved spandrils, and Perp. screen with rich tracery (c. 1400). S. transept Dec, with good cinquefoil niche. Nave has four low early Norm, arches each side on massive square caps, roughly worked and circular piers ; four are monoliths of barnack stone. The bases have foot ornaments, somewhat crude.^ The Saxon long and short work in nave is plastered over ; the two centre piers coated with cement are com- posed of stone, with which Roman tiles are known to be incorporated. Three nave piers on each side have half-pillar imposts in end walls. There are five clerestory windows on each side ; those on N. side are circular, splayed within ; on S. side they have been altered ; the 14th cent, lights have given place to mean substitutes, the loop- holes may even be pre-Norm. The small early
^ The (Roman) basilica-like building discovered in neigh- bourhood is thought to have yielded stone, square and hewn, which became available for the church fabric. It may even have produced the circular piers {monoliths), or the church itself may be, in part, the remains of a Roman building.
io6 THE CHURCHES OF
church, with its subsequent extensions (1351), had a new S. re-dedicated aisle, broader than nave, added, with S. porch Dec. (groined roof, good bosses), and Dec. window (tracery muti- lated) ; the door has Dec. ironwork. Sepulchral recess in wall below window-sill. N. aisle late Dec, very narrow, with some Perp. windows inserted. Good internal doorway moulded, with jamb shafts and singular mask terminations. Tower arches E. and W. plain Norm., on four half shafts with square caps, N. and S. Dec. Plain octagonal font. Well-carved bench ends, and seats with profuse ornamentation, paterae at regular distances, &c. On one is " orate p — " (much good work has of late years disappeared) ; other seats bear incomplete inscriptions. Most of the poppy heads have been sawn off, two or three of great beauty left, i.e. St. Michael weigh- ing souls, double-headed dolphins, &c., these have been carefully restored. W. doorway plain Norm. On outside of tow^er, over S. and E. windows, two crosses patoncee of black flint. Traces of wall-painting on tower ceiling, &c. Marble memorial to St. Leger Algernon Herbert, C.M.G., war correspondent, killed in Soudan 1885. A memorial window in N. aisle to Hon. Algernon Herbert (pb. 1855). On coping of churchyard wall carved i7i relievo some odd
ICKLEToX, ST. MARY MAGDALENE. WEST DuORWAY
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 107
figures, one representing something like a croco- dile devouring a four-footed animal, having the head in his mouth ; another, a fox carrying away a goose, having the neck in his mouth and the body thrown over his back. Register, ISS^* Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1885.
Impington, N. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew: Chancel, nave, S. porch, low embattled W. tower, three bells. Chancel late Dec, with Perp. E. window. On E. wall is a niche, painted, richly canopied and crocketed, bearing the Ely arms, images by side. This work is somewhat bar- barously fenced and curtained. On S. side two Dec. two-light windows. Stairs to rood-loft once lighted by quatrefoil (now blocked), and frag- ments of rood-screen still remain. Nave Perp. Fragments of (reredos) alabaster figures brought to light some years ago. A blocked N. doorway, with four-centred arch and good mouldings. On N. wall painting of St. Christopher. In jamb of adjacent window a Perp. niche. A few carved bench ends. On tower floor the very fine effigy brass to John Burgoyne and wife, with seven sons and two daughters, border inscription, and Evangelistic symbols (1525), relaid. The male figure has tabard over armour, on which the Burgoyne arms are placed ; the lady wears an heraldic mantle and pedi mental headdress. The
io8 THE CHURCHES OF _
half-timbered S. porch is interesting 15th cent, work, with hanging tracery and side screens, but so much closed, that a view of interior is impossible, although the openings are glazed, presumably to give light. The whole is tarred, and presents dismal appearance. The open screen work has ornamented gable, with barge board. Plain octa- gonal font, Dec. A brick chamber {horride visa) has been built N. of chancel for organ. S. chancel exterior wall has fragments of Norm, masonry. W. of porch are remains of early window in wall. Beneath projecting part of gable stones are two small heads. The tower has angle pinnacles and gargoyles. Fine monumental slab to Thomas Wybrow {ob. 1669). [The Rectory of Impington, which belonged to the monks of Ely, was appro- priated to their library.] Register, 1562. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1879.
Isleham, S.E. of Cambridge. — St. A^tdrew: A fine 14th cent, cruciform church, rich in monuments and brasses. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisle, transepts, S. porch, embattled W. tower with low spire, clock, five bells. Chancel has good E. window, five fights, partly filled with stained glass. Windows N. and S. same period, Dec. to Perp., but different pattern. An original vestry with lean-to roof. On N. side an angular piscina, and wide stone seat for
ICKLETON, ST. MARY MAGDALENE. NAVE AND SOUTH AISLE ARCADE
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 109
sedilia. There are Perp. stalls and misericords. Chancel arch wide and lofty, trans, from Dec. to Perp. Elizabethan rood-screen. Nave five bays, lofty drop arches. Piers of semicircular shafts, with bowtell in angle between them. Over arches, a floral band with battlement. The spandrils between arches are richly panelled, and have shields with the Peyton and Bernard arms. Clerestory and roof fine Perp. Roof has Perp. panelling between tie-beams and princi- pals, and carved angels for hammer-beams. A long running inscription on cornice, in carved raised letters, records its erection by Crystofer Peyton, 1495. N. transept, mainly Dec, has good piscina. Sepulchral recess with crocketed canopy. The effigy under it clad in armour. S. transept inclines to Perp. Two monuments of the Peytons, with canopies on columns and effigies, c. 1500. Table monument with knight's effigy under cinquefoil ogee arch. A third monu- ment has an effigy with inscription to Sir Robert Peyton and Elizabeth his wife. Sepulchral recess has figure in plate armour. There are here some good effigy brasses to the Bernard and Peyton families (1440-1600), also brasses to Thos. Pey- ton and two wives (1484) on high tomb of special interest, under triple canopy. Fine brass eagle lectern. Octagonal font, good Perp., richly
no THE CHURCHES OF
panelled. Large S. porch has well-moulded doorway. W. window partakes of trans, char- acter of the church. Several modern stained glass windows. Register, 1566. Restored, 1862, 1883.
[A priory near the church (12th cent.) dedicated to St. Margaret was a cell to the Brittany abbey of St. Jacutus de Insula. It was dissolved by Henry VI. Chapel now a barn ; has an apsidal E. end. Narrow lancet windows deeply splayed. Semicircular chancel arch rests on cushioned capitals, and the spring of the apse is similarly maintained. At W. end, high up, are two round openings. S. doorway is square headed and trefoil shape. On N. side pointed trans. Norm, walls, chiefly herring-bone masonr3\ The incised lines of probable dedication crosses of sexfoil pattern on nave walls. In S. aisle of parish church monument to Christopher Green, warden of this chapel. Isleham was a peculiar of Rochester diocese.]
Kennett, N.E. of Newmarket. — St. Nicholas: Chancel, nave, N. aisle, porch, embattled W. tower, three bells (the third pre-Reformation, inscribed : Meritis Edmuiidi Simus a Creinine Mundi). Chancel E.E., with good E.E. east window of three lights, with banded shafts ; mouldings and shafts of a smaller one on N. side. Other windows Dec, one on S. side Perp.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE iii
Piscina, double, very good, E.E. Painted rood- screen Dec. Nave of four arclies, with octagonal piers, Dec. Tower, aisle, and porch Perp. Tower arch very good, Perp. Inner doorway of N. porch has circular arch, with banded shafts. Nave window opposite in same style. Good E.E. circular font on round stem, moulded. Register,
1558. Kingston, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints
and St. Andrew: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, with stair- case turret at E. angle, three bells (one pre- Reformation). Chancel Dec. Square-headed E. window (debased) of five lights. S. window of three lights, without cusping, blocked. In the splay a piscina with quatrefoil basin, and the sill forms sediHa. Over priest's door is a Dec. window of two lights. Divided low-side window with transom (blocked) has window of two lights above. N. wall of chancel three small trefoil arches, with projecting ledge above (defaced). Three wall arches (two W. the other E. of blocked E.E. door). In westernmost arch a two- Hght Dec. window, transomed. Further E. a blocked lancet, below which a singular stirrup- shaped exterior opening. The whole appearance of this wall is peculiar. On N. wall remains of a vine painting. Rood-screen staircase at S.
112 THE CHURCHES OF
angle. Nave Perp., with four lofty narrow arches, high Perp. clerestory. Lofty to\ver arch, with continuous Dec. mouldings. Roofs of chancel and nave (with tie-beams) good Perp., white- washed. Tower has Perp. window and trefoiled niche, with square hood mould close by. Lower portions of two of the N. aisle windows blocked with plaster. At W. end of N. aisle are jamb and sill of blocked window, above a blocked circular opening. Good Dec. font, octagonal basin on low shafts, with trefoil arches under crocketed canopies. Fine old Jacobean pulpit. Chest with strong iron bands. Monumental tablet to Dr. Newton, Provost of King's College, a former rector (pb. 1612). Over chancel arch remains of painting ; a diaper pattern at E. ends of N. and S. walls. In N. aisle, traces of painting on wall. At W. end, large wheel with figures between spokes ; below, a w^ell-preserved demon facing three dragons (?). On S. nave arcade traces of black-letter inscriptions. Register, 1570. Bp.'s Transcript, 1889. Restored, 1585.
Kirtling, S.E. of Newmarket. — All Saints: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, W. tower, five bells. Chancel E.E., with Perp. insertions. Beautiful E. window. On N. side of altar good Perp. niche and square aumbry. Low -side window, formerly with
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 113
shutter. Rood-screen Dec, much defaced. The Lady Chapel (mortuary of the North family) late Perp., brick, containing several tombs, including Sir Ed. North, M.P., first Baron North {ob, 1564), and his son, Sir Roger North de Kirt- linge, knight-banneret, and second baron {pb, 1600). The tomb of latter bears his recumbent effigy in armour, the head resting on a baron's helmet, and lion couchant at feet, the whole surmounted by canopy on six carved pillars. A third tomb commemorates Dudley, fourth Baron, K.B. {pb. 1677). A brass, name obliterated, to Edward Myrfin, a noted traveller, died 1553. The nave has six equilateral arches, with octa- gonal piers on N. side, Perp. The chapel at E. end of aisle remarkably good. E. window E.E., of two lights. S. side has Norm, arch at W. end. Rest of arcade, as far as chancel arch, restored, same style. S. porch has fine Norm, doorway; the rich mouldings zigzag, and other ornaments of the half-circular head rests upon capped shafts. The door has good ironwork. The tympanum, with two projecting heads in lower angles, has a representation of Christ in majesty. Dec. benches. Plain octagonal font. Tower sup- ported by immense buttresses. Register, 1585.
[Kirtling Synod probably held here A.D. 977. Formerly a Free Chapel.]
H
114 THE CHURCHES OF
Knapwell, W. by N. of Cambridge. — All Saints: Chancel, nave, N. porch, low W. tower, clock, one bell. In 1785 the body of the church fell, and was rebuilt with red brick in debased style of period. The tower, low and plain Perp., alone remains of former church. Perp. font octagonal, with band of heads panelled, on de- tached shafts. Chancel and nave rebuilt 1866. The altar linen includes a cloth with curious pictorial design. A pewter flagon dated 1676. Register, 1680. Bp.'s Transcript, 1598.
Landbech, N.E. of Cambridge. — All Saints : Chancel, nave, aisles, N. chantry chapel (now used as a vestry), S. porch, embattled W. tower with spire, four bells. The E.E. chancel, with late Dec. insertions, is small. The three-light E. window, late 13th cent., has portrait figures and much interesting stained glass. Above sedilia space (seats gone) a two-light Dec. window in E.E. arch. E.E. priest's door. A similar door (until a few 3'ears since walled up) on N. side. The altar table enriched with insertions of old carved work. The E.E. arches leading from chancel into Lad}^ Chapel reopened in 1878, and from the latter into N. aisle. The 13th cent, stalls (four) have carved misericords ; two have the blazoned arms of de I'lsle and Arundel (Bps. of Ely). Square E.E. double piscina. The
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 115
present chancel screen was some time ago re- moved from W. end, and occupies the place of a demolished screen. Some of the remarkably good woodwork attached to this church has passed to Ely Cathedral (door from Bp. Alcock's chapel) and to Jesus College, to which places it previously belonged. Nave of four arches Dec, with caps varied. N. and S. roof very fine Perp., with tie-beams, and projecting angels from centre of each ba}'. In E. gable an inserted window. Roof of N. aisle has flower bosses and small angel figures. In wall recess by N. door a Dec. canopied tomb, with finial, crockets, and double- feathered cusps {Chamberlayne). The adjacent window has the Chamberlayne arms. The N.E. chapel has Dec. piscina. At E. end of S. aisle an E.E. piscina and credence in double arch. A bracket has headless angel bearing arms of See of Ely. The aisles had also W. end chapels, formerly enclosed by screens. The aisle win- dows, Perp., have much interesting 15th cent, glass. Octagonal font modern. Pulpit (sound- ing-board gone) with elegant pedestal (originally formed part of chancel screen) ornamented with panelling brought from Jesus College. Fine oak chest clamped with iron. The old nave open benches are of interest. Fine lectern of Flemish workmanship (angel, with outspread wings for
ii6 THE CHURCHES OF
book rest). The Perp. porch with side windows has a 14th cent, stoup, much mutilated. A 13th cent, cross coffin slab remains, and stones having matrices of brasses; several memorial tablets to rectors and others. The tower, late Dec, has good arch, and W. window of two lights ; under battlements are shields of arms. There were here images — Our Lady of Pity, Our Lady at the Church Door, and St. Nicholas. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1878-9.
[Under 1562 the Register has the following: — " Pope, the fox Will eate no grapes, and Whi, he can not git y™; so at this towne thei loue inglish seruis, because thei can haue none other, as apperith bi the candilbeme and rodlofte, as I think : iudge you by me. Nicholas Nemo. A.D. 1594." There are other interesting entries. The Rev. Robert Master, rector (ob. 1798, buried under E. window), was a noted antiquary, and author of, inter alia, the history of C.C.C, Camb., of which he was a Fellow. He was instrumental in bringing much glass, woodwork, &c., into the church. The adjacent rectory has vaulted cellars of stone and groined arches ; Bp. Lisle's arms (1345) on one of the walls.]
Landwade, S.W. of Newmarket. — St. Nicho- las: The church more a private chapel belonging to the Cottons than a parochial church. Chancel,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 117
nave, transepts, S. porch, and low embattled W. tower. Built by Walter Cotton (1445). Plan cruciform. The details generally good. E. window of three lights transomed, two piscinas in chancel, and good rood-screen. Transepts divided from nave by two arches. Roof carried on well-carved corbels representing faces which may have been studies from life. Lofty tower arch. Some good open seats, and stained glass of special interest, including figures of apostles and saints, notably Sts. Margaret and Ethel- dreda. St. Margaret (engraved in the Calendar of the Anglican Church (Parker)) very fine. Canopied monuments with recumbent effigies have numerous shields of arms and other memo- rials of the Cotton family of costly and elaborate design, and full of interest. One has a long inscription to Wm. Cotton, Vice-Chamberlain to Henry VI., who was killed at the battle of St. Albans 1455. The glory of this renowned family, that resided here for generations, has departed. There were family connections at Madingley through the Hindes, also at Girton, where the Rev. A. A. Cotton {ob. 1846) was rector. Coped coffin-lids, 13th cent., are in evidence. In churchyard an old stone cross. Only two graves, these placed N. and S. The incumbent receives annually £1. 12s. 6d. from
ii8 THE CHURCHES OF
the endowments of Battle Abbey (patronage was in the hands of the Abbey before it passed to Sir Robert Cotton, temp. Edward HI.) in con- sideration, it is said, of his undertaking to preach a sermon to any member of the Cotton family. The church was at one time rich in brasses and other curiosities ; but when in 1794 the old tower fell, some gipsies are known to have carried off much spoil.
Leverington, N.W. of Wisbech. — Sts. Leonard and John: Large and fine E.E. church (built of barnack stone), perhaps the finest in the county. Parish now divided, constituting — (i) Gorefield (church dedicated to St. Paul), an ecclesiastical parish out of Leverington and Newton. (2) SoTlthea {Enimanuel, has four brass chan- deliers, formerly in St. Paul's Cathedral), cum Murrow {Corpus Christi)> (3) Parson Drove {q.v.). Chancel with aisle, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower with Dec. spire 162 feet high, clock, six bells. Chancel walls E.E. E. windov/ Dec, four lights, with flowing and geometrical tracery. On N. side two Perp. windows, a Perp. window on S. side. E.E. sedilia, three good E.E. arches to side chapel, with clustered piers and moulded caps. Chapel has Dec. E. window, five lights, upper
^ A chapel was founded here 1379.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i 19
and lower with flowing tracery. Side windows Dec, square headed. Parclose screen, piscina bracket, and part of stone altar; stalls modern. Chancel arch lofty Perp., entrance to rood-loft displaying heads of King Edward III. and Queen Philippa (1360). Nave six large and wide arches, plain Perp., with shafts to inner mould- ings, outer mouldings continue to the ground. Clerestory windows of three lights, square headed, Perp. Good Perp. open timber roof with fine corbels, carved spandrils to tie- beams. Aisles plain Perp. Piscina in N. aisle. At E. end a Jesse window. Straining arches to secure N. nave arcading. Good poppy heads to benches. Fifteenth cent, octagonal font (one of the very best Perp. examples). Under enriched crocketed canopies are seated figures of saints resting on foliated brackets, several panels being separated by pinnacled buttresses. Shaft niches occupied by standing figures with folded hands, in similar divisions, ornamented by spreading foliage above and the base by paterae, &c. Tower arch and tower fine E.E., with foliaged caps. W. doorway E.E., with original panelled door. Double lancet tower windows, those of belfry two lights. Good Dec. battlements, and octagonal turrets at base of spire, which has canopied windows. Very fine S. porch, early
120 THE CHURCHES OF
Dec, room above with stone groined roof battle- mented and crocketed, with niche and window, the ridge of open stonework with running pat- tern. Buttresses have niches with crocketed canopies, pinnacles, and finials. Old carved eagle lectern. Good and interesting fragments of old glass in chancel. St. John stands by Our Lady of Pity, who has the Saviour in her lap, with the following : —
Lady lede us well fro harm To Him y'at lay ded in ye barm
Jesus fro sine make us fre
For John's love y'at baptised thee
\
Memorial to Nicholas Lumpkin, gent., and Captain Anthony Lumpkin {od. 1780), friends of Oliver Goldsmith. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1856, 1877, 1891.
Linton, S.E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary : Chan- cel, nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower, clock, five bells. The clock bell has ' ^Sancta Maria or a pro noibs ' (sic). The church possesses some singular architectural features. Chancel arch has the appearance of not being central; it is an enlargement, the sides of nave arcade not being correspondingly altered. Chan- cel roof carried down quite low over sacristy,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 121
door of latter, and what is known as the ' MiHi- cent door,' in E. wall of N. aisle are in the angle quite close to each other. Low-side windows (two) on N. side, and in E. wall curiously placed. Chancel has S. windows late Perp., that on N. earlier. A communication from S. aisle chapel (the burial-place of the Paris family) to the church is by two good arches. On either side of the sacrarium is wainscot panelling, probably a part of the old screen. Chancel arch Dec, nave has four equilateral arches N. side, and three drop arches S. The half arch at W. end has its corresponding jamb built into a tower buttress. Piers on S. side circular and octagonal alternately (seem to be Norm.). Three circular openings (till lately blocked) above S. arcade are of same date possibly as the circular piers. On N. side four semicircular shafts. The two easternmost aisles of S. arcade destroyed, to- gether with a massive pier, and an arch to correspond with opposite side substituted. Clerestory and other windows late Perp., as are aisles and porches. Tower Dec, W. doorway blocked, traces of Norm, moulding. Perp. font plain octagonal. N. porch has well-moulded doorway with good terminal heads. In the W. wall a 14th cent, arched recess contains a large and curious stoup, possibly Norm., that stands
122 THE CHURCHES OF
out considerably. It has angular projections (a recurring feature in stoups of this period). On S. side are two sundials, one on the face of a buttress. In the flint and stone work of aisle buttresses and on N. side of tower above cleres- tory parapet are crosses (hardly consecration crosses). There are monuments to the Paris family, including an effigy brass to Henry Parys (1427) in complete armour, somewhat similar to the brass at Hatley St. George ; also to the famil}^ of Millicent (155 5-1 57/). Inscrip- tion on John Lone's monument is singular. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re- stored, 1879, 1887, 1 891.
Litlington, N.W. of Royston. — St. Catherine : Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, five bells. Chancel Dec, E. window late Perp. Trefoiled piscina. In N. wall blocked arch. On monumental slab a Lombardic inscrip- tion. Chancel arch Dec. Rood-screen Perp. {c. 1400). Dec. nave of five equilateral arches, with piers of four large and four small shafts. Clerestory. N. aisle Dec, S. aisle late Perp. Porch Perp., has stoup. Good plain open roof. Square Norm, font on octagonal stem. Tower, lower part E.E., upper Dec. Monument to Robt. Stoughton {pb, 1690). Some stones without brasses. On spla}' of window S. aisle a Latin
LINTON, ST. MARY. STOUP IN SOUTH PORCH
I
i
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 123
inscription records that Francis Drake was on the point of taking his memorable voyage. Stone coffin in church. Register, 1652. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored recently.
Littleport, N. of Ely. — St. George: The church was originally appropriated to Hospital of St. Mary Magdalene, Ely (before 1228). Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. and S. porches, lofty embattled W. tower, clock, eight bells (enlarged in 1857 by addition of second nave and aisle on N. side). Chancel restored by Clare College 1877. E- window, memorial to Canon Hopkins, vicar 1866-90. Carved stone reredos. On N. side memorial window to a former curate. Plain piscina. Rood-screen with staircase remains. Late Perp. church throughout, with slight exceptions, windows of same pattern foliated in head without tracery. Original nave, five arches on S. side, and four on N. side with octagonal piers. N.W. pier and arch Dec. E. end of S. aisle has niche on either side of E. window. The fine tower, conspicuous through- out fen district, has turret on S. side, and open- ing on same side resembling porch. This feature marks a passage which formerly existed N. to S. through tower, causing it to be used as an ordinary footpath before drainage of fens when ordinary road was impassable. Good benches with poppies.
124 THE CHURCHES OF
Good octagonal font, the basin has quatrefoils within panels. Massive oak chest with iron bands, dated 1672. Register, 1606. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Littleport. — St. Matthew : An ecclesiastical parish formed out of Littleport St. Mary, Ely, Holy Trinity, and Downham in the Isle, 1878.
[Prickwillow. — An ecclesiastical parish formed from Holy Trinity and St. Mary, Ely, Littleport, and parts of Lakenheath and Mildenhall in Norfolk and Suffolk. The church of St. Peter (built c. 1868) on a foundation of wooden piles in E.E. style. Central turret with short spire has bell, formerly in Ely Cathedral, dated 1691. Font of Italian marble brought from Ely Cathedral, said to have been designed by Sir Christopher Wren, dated 1693. It has wooden cover curiously carved, surmounted by groups representing Our Lord's baptism ; the figure of an angel suspended from roof holds the cover by a cord.]
Lode (formerly Bottisham Lode). — A parish separated from Bottisham 1894. The ecclesiasti- cal parish {^St. James) formed 1863, the church erected 1853. In parish are remains of Anglesey Priory for Augustinian Canons (founded temp. Henry I.).
Lolworth, N.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 125
Chancel, nave, S. porch, and W. tower, three bells. Chancel has been shortened. E. window recent imitation Dec. N. wall has blocked window, also in S. wall above priest's door. Indications that the walls were originally higher. On S. side early Perp. square-headed window of two lights, recently restored. Lofty chancel arch mutilated. A fire caused by lightning is men- tioned by Walsingham as destroying greater part of village in 1393, which may account for dis- appearance of windows. N. door blocked. S. door has plain arch and continuous jambs. Porch has stone seats. Tower early Perp., W. door with two-light window above. Belfry has two- light window on each face. Massive staircase door has wide iron bands. Chancel screen formerly here exists in a builder's yard. Tracery from old seats have been utilised in modern benches. Octagonal font, with panelled stem mutilated. Royal arms G.R. 1721, with com- mandments on either side, preserved in tower. Two 15th cent, slabs with Latin cross, one to a former rector. Matrices of two small brasses. Coffin-lids much worn from exposure till recently in churchyard. Armorial glass formerly in chancel windows. Register, 1606. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1602.
Long Stanton, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints:
126 THE CHURCHES OF
The church about half a mile distant from Lo7ig Stanton St. Michael ; the boundary now hardly known. Chancel, nave, aisles, S. transept, S. porch, embattled W. tower with lofty spire, three bells. Chancel Dec, largely rebuilt. E. window of five lights filled with stained glass, good flow- ing tracery. Side windows two lights. Graduated sedilia, with ogee heads foliated. Plain piscina, with double drain. Small locker in E. wall and an E.E. niche and sill of window in recessed arch in N. wall.^ Chancel arch Perp. Priest's door with good Dec. mouldingsandlow-sidewindowsoneither side, formerly divided by mullions (blocked). A door on N. side and brick vestry. Nave, four arches on either side, with octagonal piers and good moulded caps and bases. N. aisle narrow, with lean-to roof, doorway, three Dec. windows and E. window. Piscina with ogee head and image bracket opposite. S. aisle Dec. S. transept or chantry (Cheynes) chapel, appropriated by the Hatton family, and converted into a mortuary in 1770, when its three fine, late Dec, windows were blocked with masonry and walled off from the nave. The partition wall has been recently removed, the good Dec four-light windows opened out and filled with glass, which includes
^ Some Hatton slabs have somewhat unnecessarily been lately removed to N. chancel wall.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 127
some that is armorial. This exposes a canopied wall niche in S.E. angle. Large and high table- tomb, with recumbent effigies in alabaster of Sir Thos. Hatton {ob. 1658) and Mary (Allington) his wife (the line now extinct). Other memorials to this family include a columbarium^ with its niches containing coffins. S. doorway has mould- ing continuous to the ground. A curious small two-light window in angle, high up, suggests an upper chapel and loft. The window and wall arrangement of the S. side is a little singular, pointing to a chantry chapel of former days. Porch plain Perp., has stem of stoup. Octagonal font late Dec, traceried panels of varied design, and ornamented below. Octagonal stem on square base with corner foot ornaments. Tower and spire (with recently added lights) early Perp., stair turret square on S. side, and tall diagonal buttresses at angles. Chest late. At end of N, aisle (' Hatton pew ') a piece of good Renaissance carved work. Base of churchyard cross remains on S. side. Register, 1672. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1873, ^'^'^^-'^^ 1 891.
[The Bishops of Ely had here a palace where Bp. Cox entertained Queen Elizabeth.]
Long Stanton. — St. Michael : An E.E. village church, beautiful in its simpHcity. Chancel, nave, aisles, and porch, all well buttressed ;
128 THE CHURCHES OF
i
double bell-gable at W. end contains two bells. Chancel (rebuilt 1883-4) retains E. triplet and single side lancets, fine large double piscina with intersecting arches, square head, and detached shafts with moulded caps and bases ; also blocked low-side window below S.W. lancet, aumbry and priest's door. E.E. chancel arch has varied ter- minations. Nave arches, four, have alternate circular and octagonal piers, with moulded caps and bases; the E. responds are corbel brackets, one with double notch head. Nave restored 1889. Aisles have square-headed Dec. windows and remains of original lancets. The E. end displays two of three lights with restored tracery, the roofs overgabled in transept form. N. and S. doors E.E., hood mould and caps; on S. side shafts destroyed, latter remain on N. Under windows and over priest's door plain internal string. Perp. porch, two-light square-headed window either side, niche over door. W. Dec. two-light window, finely proportioned, between lofty buttresses. Roofs highly pitched, covered with reed thatch, rafters trussed within. Modern font. Monumental brass to Thomas Burgoyne {od. 1470). Fine 13th cent, panelled oak chest with pin hinge. The church underwent con- siderable repair under Mr. Penrose in 1883-4 and later. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1608.
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 129
Longstowe, S.W. of Cambridge.— 67. Mary: Chancel, nave, N. chapel, S. porch, low embattled W. tower, one bell (inscribed : ^^ Sancte Paule Ora Pro Nobis'). Chancel E.E. Lancets remain in walls. E. window of three lights, with stained glass. A small chapel on N. side built by late Captain Stanley; formerly there was a square building having large window with wooden mullions which served as mortuary. Nave trans. E.E. to Dec, with S. transept, the arch having been blocked and modern window inserted. Porch Dec, niche over entrance and gable cross. Win- dows mostly modern. Large 17th cent, table-tomb, formerly placed within altar rails, had the effigies 3f knight, lady, and members of large family, [t had an entablature charged with shields, and -ested on six imitative Corinthian columns. In I reduced form it is now in chancel ; the half- ength statue of Sir Ralph Bobey [ob. 167 g) •epresents him rising from the tomb, and laying lold of an anchor let down by a hand from .bove. A chapel adjoining parish church, built )y Sir John Cage, was blown down 1719. ^ont plain octagonal, basin on round stem* .ych-gate of oak erected 1896. Modern W.
' Dr. Raven mentions the second and third bells made bv hristopher Graye, 1682-3 J being cracked, they were in 187I mioved from bell-chamber.
130 THE CHURCHES OF
window. Body of the church with exception of tower practically rebuilt 1863-4. [Formerly a hospital here for poor sisters, temp. Henry HI.] Register, 1569. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Madingley, N. of Cambridge (within park). — St. Mary: Chancel, clerestoried nave, N. aisle, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower with spire, three bells. Chancel E.E., with side lancets and Dec. windows N. and S. E. window modern. Good ancient glass. Lofty arch Dec, with good moulded caps. Nave Dec, five arches and aisle on N. side. Piers of four large and four small shafts. Two original windows in N. aisle wall and two in S. wall of nave, the easternmost fine Dec, of three fights, with flow- ing tracery. Roof Perp., with tie-beam, and Perp. clerestory with five two-light windows. E. and W. windows of N. aisle Perp. Inner S. door has floriated hinges, and sculpture of royal (Hanoverian) arms in wall over. N. inner door- way good Dec, w^th continuous moulding. Perp. porch in front of original Dec door. Lofty tower arch acutely pointed and finely moulded. Original nave roof was high pitched and without cleres- tory. Tower and spire simple, but very good Dec. Font ornamental Norm., with angle shafts brought from dilapidated church of St. Etheldreda, Histon (^.z'.). There are monuments to the Hindes anc
i
MADINGLEV, ST. MARY. FONT
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 131
Cottons. Some framed paintings. Register, 1539- Bp.'s Transcript, 1601. Restored, 1885. [Madingley Hall, built by Lord Justice Hinde, tevip. Henry VIII., was a cent, later partly rebuilt and added to by materials from church of St. Etheldreda, Histon, which Sir Francis Hinde sacrilegiously demolished. The present Madingley font was actually brought from the Hall not many years since, displacing a modern font. It has been claimed that the churchyard was the scene of Gray's famous Elegy :\
Manea. — St. Nicholas (erected on site of old church), opened 1875. Formerly a parochial chapelry, now an ecclesiastical parish in the midst of the Ely fens. Chancel, nave, N. transept, N. aisle, vestry, and turret over chancel arch with one bell. The old brick building, a chapel to Coveney, rebuilt in 1791. It consisted of nave and chancel, having round-headed windows and an octagonal font. Register, 1708. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1645.
March. — St, Wendreda: Anciently a chapel to Doddington, originally erected about 1343, and partly rebuilt 1528. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower and stone spire, clock, six bells (all by Thos. Osborne of Downham, Norf., 1802, with characteristic inscrip- tions). The chancel, which had been modernised
132 THE CHURCHES OF
with rounded windows and lath and plaster ceiling, was new^ly erected 1875, and a Corin- thian altar-piece substituted for an E. window and partially blocked chancel arch. E. window of five lights, with flowing tracery and handsome reredos. Three windows N. and S. in Dec. style. Nave of five large and plain arches with octagonal piers, 13th and 14th cents., and nine clerestory Perp. windows. Fine oak roof elabor- ately carved (late 15th cent.), has fine open work with double hammer-beams and profusion of angels with outstretched wings on ends of hammer-beams and on corbels which carry in niches a series of figures holding musical instru- ments. The beams well moulded and enriched with Tudor flower. The aisles, with porch added in 1528, have good plain Perp. roofs; the original aisles were narrower. Plain octagonal Perp. font, cup shaped. Porch and S. doorway good Perp. Mutilated stoup in right-hand corner. Church wholly battlemented, parapets of aisles have sunk quatrefoils. A line of quatrefoils runs along basement of aisles and porch. At E. end of nave are turrets with pinnacles. Tower good early Perp. (c. 1400), with ribbed spire and canopied windows. Under tower, beneath its N. to S.W. half, is a passage with groined roof. The E. wall cuts in two the W. arches of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 133
arcades. W. window late Dec, flowing tracery ; other windows early Perp. On E. gable of nave a sanctus bell-cot, canopy carried on four shafts. Good Perp. clerestory windows display checkered work and sunk panels of flint and stone. Good gargoyles to porch and aisles, and pinnacles to S. aisle. Gable cross over porch. Brasses — (i) Wm. Dredeman (the donor of the magnificent roof) and wife Joan, 1501 ; (2) Anthony Han- sart (in armour with tabard) and wife Catherine, 1 5 17; (child mutilated), small kneeling figures, shield of arms, with crests and representation of Annunciation. A few fragments of 15th cent, seats remain. In removing the old floors the early bench-table or seat round the columns was discovered, proving the level to have been origin- ally much lower, and some earlier fragments. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
St. Mary's, ecclesiastical parish, formed 1868.
St. Johns, 1872.
St. Peters, 1881.
Melbourne, N.E. of Royston. — All Saints: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. transept, S. porch with room over, embattled W. tower and small spire, clock, five bells. Chancel E.E. and Dec, E. window Perp., three lancet windows on S. side, some stained glass. Double piscina and aumbry. Good carved seats. Chancel arch Dec, with
1
134 THE CHURCHES OF
sanctus bell turret above rood-loft entrance. Nave five Dec. archeS; octagonal piers. An early arch N. side, chevron pattern and colour. Clerestory Perp. Transept Dec, with Perp. in- sertions ; two tabernacle niches on E. wall, with traces of colour and gilding. Aisles Dec. and Perp. Inner arch of S. porch fine Dec, room 1 above entered by turret staircase. Fine Perp. tower has W. door and window. Double belfry windows, with four crocketed pinnacles. Font Norm., basin, stem, and plinth octagonal. Chancel and nave embattled. Monuments to the Hatton and Hitch families. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1884.
[Rectory was appropriated to monks of Ely for increase of hospitality.]
Meldreth, S.W. of Cambridge. — Holy Trinity: Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. porch, embattled W. tower with short spire, clock, five bells. Chancel^ E.E. and Dec. E. window of triplets, with square-headed window over. Priest's door under square head. Lancets in side walls have a string beneath. Two stained glass memorial windows. On N. side a niche or credence. Scroll- colour foliage on piers of chancel arch (i5tb cent.). Rood-screen Perp., with turret staircase. Nave Dec. and Perp. Five arches with Perp. piers. Clerestory Perp., two -light windows
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 135
under square head. Good open roof, with some (15th cent.) decoration. Windows Dec, stained glass. On N. side transition Norm, doorway, with string along wall, cut to allow windows. Aisle Perp., E. end restored 1887, when finials to dripstone of window were carved with repre- sentations of Queen Victoria and Bp. Alwyn Compton. Font plain Perp. Fine tower arch, four shafts on each side, tower transition Norm, to E.E., with good windows, upper part Dec. Porch Perp., large open windows. Large stone coffin in church. The Mortlock family has a vault. Formerly much painted glass, brasses, &c. Register, 1681. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599- Restored, 1842 and more recently.
Mepal, W. of Ely. — St. Mary: Chancel and nave (with small chapel at N.E. corner). Good double cot, one bell and gable; rebuilt 1849, when the bell, being cracked, was re-cast. There was a niche on either side of E. window, also piscina. Parts of old E.E. walls were retained. Church and chancel restored and reseated 1876- 1895. The present structure mainly E.E., with single and double lancet lights. The three- light E. window has weather table. Font plain, square. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1606.
Milton, N.N.E. of Cambridge. — A// Saints: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W.
136 THE CHURCHES OF
tower, clock, three bells. Chancel Dec. Fine Perp. graduated sedilia, cinquefoiled and double- feathered. Double piscina, contracted and muti- lated by insertion of sedilia. E. window late insertion Dec, four lights. Windows N. and S. late Perp., square headed. Good oak stalls with misericords, said to have been brought from King's College Chapel. On N. side a good late brass of exceptional interest, on high table- tomb to Sir Wm. Coke (ob. 1553) and wife Alice (two sons and three daughters), remarkable for having had orate p?'o aninia so late (this is to be attributed to the recusancy of the family). Brass to John Harris, four sons, three daughters, 1660 (mural). Chancel arch Norm., plain square caps. Recess on S. side of chancel arch by rood-screen (a squint). Nave early Dec, four arches with good piers and caps. Former N. aisle demolished and rebuilt when church re- stored, 1864. S. aisle has somewhat the ap- pearance of a transept. E. window has flowing tracery. Plain piscina. In a niche by the side fragments of alabaster figures, painted and gilt, were found (now in Cambridge Archaeological Museum). Porch a singular projection, inner entrance being through W. nave arch. Font plain octagonal, built into N. jamb. Tower late Dec, two-light W. window. Monuments by
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 137
Chantrey (1829) and Flaxman (1800). Modern glass windows. Few open benches, temp. Eliza- beth. Some stained glass windows. Register, 1707. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
Newmarket. — All Saints {^x^Q.\.^di 1876-7 on site of older church). The ancient church of Newmarket dedicated to St. Mary is in Suftblk. All Saints, Dec, has an apsidal chancel, nave of five bays, aisles, S. porch, vestry, embattled W. tower (pinnacles), eight bells. There is an oak screen, several stained glass windows, stone pulpit, and fine oak lectern. Register, 1622.
Newton, S. of Cambridge. — St. Margaret: An interesting church of irregular plan. Chancel^ clerestoried nave, transepts, N. porch, embattled W. tower with projecting turret on S. side, three bells.^ No chancel arch. Piscina simply a niche. Transept arches E.E. Windows Dec, two lights. In S. transept W. wall a lancet. In N. transept an aumbry recessed. Transepts have good open Perp. roofs. Nave Dec, with octagonal piers. Good Perp. open roof and clerestory with win- dows of two lights ; some of the windows have singular tracery. Jacobean pulpit. E.E. font, octagonal basin rests on five shafts, with circular
^ The second and third bells of particular interest as pre- Reformation bells. The second by Bracker, who here, and at Harston, places the inscribed letters backwards.
138 THE CHURCHES OF i
caps and square, circular, and octagonal bases. Fine Dec. tower arch with deep continuous mouldings. W. window of three lights Dec, tower somewhat later. Perp. W. doorway. Massive oak chest clamped with iron. Buttresses have good weatherings. Stained glass windows. Register, 1560. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re- stored, 1 85 1.
Newton (in the Isle), N. of Wisbech. — St. James, with ancient chapelr^^ of St. Mary-in-the- Marsh. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower with spire, clock, six bells. Large chancel. Perp. E. window (and two others) of stained glass, memorial to late Rev. Dr. Corrie. Cinquefoil piscina under canopy. Wide and plain chancel arch Perp. Modern chancel screen, choir stalls, &c. Nave has five Perp. arches, with circular piers and square moulded caps; the bases and pillars seem to be Norm. Clerestory Perp. Aisles have good Dec. 1 side windows of two lights, those E. of three 1 lights, with flowing tracery. The E. end of N. ' aisle formerly the Colville chantry chapel, the family burial-place. All memorials to the Col- villes, who lived here for centuries, have disappeared. In each aisle a piscina, that in N. aisle small and elegant. Octagonal and panelled font Perp. Tower arch Dec, with octagonal
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 1 39
shafts and plain moulded caps. W. window of three lights, with flowing tracery. S. porch Dec. doorway ; the outer arch has triple shafts well moulded. N. doorway plain Dec. Lower part of tower Dec, with Perp. belfry. The chancel buttresses of two stages pass into the gable, those N. of nave into wall, those S. have coped terminations. Several good memorial slabs. A good gable cross. An E.E. coffin-lid serves as part coping for churchyard wall. Register, 1685. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1879, 1893.
Oakington (Hokington), N.W. of Cambridge. — vS/. Andrew: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower, four bells. Chancel E.E., with original strings and single side-lights (stained glass) trefoiled, with deep hood moulds. The S.E. double-light window has plain circle in head, those at S.W. and N.W. have divided low- side window, blocked. E. window of four lancets with stained glass (Sts. Andrew, Etheldreda, Margaret, and Bernard). Marble reredos. Priest's door carried high, with continuous string. Piscina lost to sight. Old oak panelling, with seat on S. side. Small elongated aumbry raised some feet from floor level. On N. side marks of former doorway. Roof decorated. Chancel arch has half octagon responds, with Perp. caps and mouldings. Nave of five bays,
140 THE CHURCHES OF
E.E. archeS; piers circular (painted) on S. side, octagonal on N., with well-moulded caps; the responds have Norm, impost mouldings. At E, end of N. aisle two good canopy image niches. In S. aisle double E.E. piscina (adjacent wall opening blocked). Lancet at W. end of S. aisle blocked. Square font E.E., with semicircular arcading resting on five shafts. S. porch rebuilt, good E.E. inner doorway with jamb shafts and moulded caps ; wide N. doorway Perp. (blocked) has square head over late arch, label in sub-arch with spandrils, dripstone continued horizontally. Tower Perp., with earlier work ; cornice below parapet has variety of ornament and gargoyles. Lower portion of good Perp. rood-screen (panels with original painting) now at W. end of S. aisle. Chest, clamped with iron, greatly decayed. Fine armorial slabs to Robt. Audeley of Great Grands- den (1654) ^^^ others. Fourteenth cent, coffin- lids (three) built into interior N. and W. walls; one with coffin stands in N. aisle. A fragment of ancient alabaster reredos (now in Cambridge Archaeological Museum). In a private garden adjacent to the churchyard three noted Non- conformist preachers are buried (1687-1711). Register, 1561. Bp.'s Transcript, 1609.
Orwell, S.W. of Cambridge.— 5A Andrew: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, low embattled
\
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 141
W. tower, clock, five bells. Spacious Perp. chancel (c. 1480) with good windows, transomed. E. window large fine Perp., five lights. A small piscina. Floriated incised cross slab. On N. side at E. end under lean-to roof a chapel with piscina and aumbry. Chancel roof (restored) has shields and figures at the intersections bearing the arms (faulty) of county families, vi;s. Burleigh, Mortimer, Scrope, Tiptoft, D'Eschalers, and others in colour (15th cent.), restored in 1883 from a blazoned record preserved at Wimpole Hall. Good Perp. stalls (once returned at W. end) some having carved misericords. Rood-screen Perp., gone, stairw^ay entrance to rood-loft remains. Chancel arch E.E. or early Dec. Nave four similar arches, with clus- tered columns and moulded caps ; those on S. side have hood moulds, with good corbel heads. Clere- story Perp., three lights, round headed, on each side. Aisle windows large, have good tracery. Those in S. aisle Perp., at W.end one Dec. N. aisle E.E., modernised. N. doorway. Fragments of a small rood carved in stone (13th cent.) with traces of colour. The figures of Our Lord and St. John (carrying his Gospel) very perfect. They were found embedded in S.E. spandril of N. arcade. Good open seats. S. porch, Perp., has open lights. At W. end between tower and nave rounded shafts at angle seem to point to an earlier Norm, church.
142 THE CHURCHES OF
E.E. font, circular, with good mouldings. Tower E.E., with original lancet and two-light windows. In churchyard a coped coffin-lid with skeleton carved upon it. The massive altar-table now in N. aisle is good Elizabethan carved oak, supported on two legs with brackets. In chancel S. wall an effigy of Dr. Jeremiah Radcliffe, one of the trans- lators of the Bible 1 608-1 1 {ob. \^\V). Memorials to Stubbs (Professor of Hebrew), Mason (Pro- fessor of Mineralogy), former rectors. S. aisle and porch (part) rebuilt on ver}^ deep foundations 1883. Register, 1560. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
[In this parish once stood Malton Church, long since dilapidated.]
Over, W. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: A particularly good church of Dec. character. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower, with lofty octagonal spire (156 feet in height), clock, six bells, sanctus bell. Chancel of mixed styles (rebuilt 1840 by Trinity College), now chiefly Perp. E. window, five lights, Perp., with good tracery, stained glass, displays old Dec. arch and jambs. Modern string under sill has a number of angels holding scrolls. N. wall has three arched recesses divided by shafts, in each a three-light Perp. window inserted. S. side has two such windows. E.E. piscina, tre- foiled with square head, built into projecting
ISs-^
OVER, ST. MARY, WINDOW, SOUTH AISLE
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 143
portion of wall, surmounted by embattled crest- ing. Aumbry. N. and S. priest's door. Two early Dec. low-side windows N. and S., facing each other, square-headed trefoil (' Carnarvon '). Stalls with misericords. Chancel arch E.E., shafts were apparently cut away when screen erected in 15th cent. Screen has groined loft; indiscreet painting and graining has seriously injured it. It was at one time resplendent in colour and richly gilt, and formerly had a cove towards W. as well as towards E. At a later time it was covered with whitewash and placed under tower arch. Very good Jacobean pulpit upon 14th cent, pedestal with canopy, traces of colour. Nave six arches Dec, small, but well- moulded piers of four octagonal shafts, divided by a section of the arch moulding descending to the base. Caps varied, circular, octagonal, &c., the principal hollow being occupied by grotesque heads. The abaci have battlemented moulding. Arches richly moulded, having hoods and good label heads. Clerestory windows Dec, six on each side, of two lights, with moulded jambs. Good open Dec. nave, roof high pitched, of six bays. Corbels have each a canopied niche containing a figure. N. aisle three early Dec. win- dows of three lights of varying design. S. aisle similarly treated, Westernmost windows have
144 THE CHURCHES OF
deeply moulded tracery and E.E. banded shafts. Piscina (twelve-foil basin) appertaining to chantry, founded 1 391. Early Perp. octagonal font, with sunk shields in the panels of bowl, hexagon base, and niches in shaft. Angels with open wings surround base of the bowl, which is orna- mented at the angles; one of its sides plain. It is a very beautiful and uncommon variety of enriched Perp. font, with elaborate cover, and stands at W. end, near W. arch of N. aisle, painted at one time stone colour. Stone wall seat round church. Exterior of special interest, S. porch in particular, which is very fine Dec. Outer door has deep mouldings and jamb shafts, open side lights with central shafts and good tracery. A group of engaged shafts with em- battled cresting above, from which rises an octagonal pinnacle, with small angle shafts, form the two side buttresses. Gable over outer door embattled and ornamented by string, with ball flower continued round sides along wall plates. Nave and aisles battlemented, ball flower, leaf ornament, and animal forms abound. S. aisle has fine gargoyles, monkey with club, &c., string round church exterior highly ornamented. E.E. tower has buttresses at angles. Early Dec. spire. W. door good Perp., square headed, with canopies in the jambs. The architrave in its
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 145
wide hollow has a pedestal for statue and crocketed canopy. Above is a representation in stone of the Assumption, showing B. V. M. surrounded by angels. The door and hinges are original work. On either side are the arms of Ramsey Abbey and (?) the Drapers' Company (three tiaras). Dec. cot with sanctus bell re- mains/^.y/V^/. Church at one time reed-thatchcd. [Formerly chantries of Holy Trinity and B. V. M., also St. Catherine and St. Nicholas.] Register, 1577. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1840, 1864, and onwards.
Pampisford, S. of Cambridge. — St. John Baptist (? Sts. Peter and Paul) : Chancel, nave, N. aisle, S. porch (of wood), W. tower, spire, clock, four bells. Chancel Dec, E. window ijPerp. Cinquefoil piscina. Early 1 2th cent., »|Perp., tomb against N. wall having three front 'panels of shields in septfoils. Windows Dec, square heads. Reredos and carved oak stalls, lately provided, and organ upon carved oak screen. Chancel arch Perp. Well-preserved Perp. rood-screen. Nave of three arches, with large piers trans. Norm, to E.E. Centre pier [Circular, others octangular, with square caps. Windows of nave and aisle Perp. Early Norm. S. doorway has a curious semicircular sculptured tympanum. On the curvature of lintel ten round
K
146 THE CHURCHES OF
headed arches, within which are figures, &c., in connection with the history of St. John Baptist. Font Norm. Tower early Dec. Carved oak screen across tower arch. Several stained glass windows. Register, 1565. Bp.'s Transcript, 1603. Restored, 1850, 1876-91.
Papworth Agnes, W. of Cambridge. — St. Jo/in Baptist: Chancel, nave (rebuilt Dec. style in 1854), N. porches, embattled W. tower, clock, two bells. E. window three lights, stained glass. Chancel arch good Perp., in previous structure it was blocked. Four memorial win- dows and tablets in nave to members of the Sperling family. Tower rebuilt 1848, the old Perp. tower arch and W. window being inserted. Belfry new^ell staircase carried up to belfry floor and hghted by two trefoil windows, has singular opening resembling head of arched window. The old font, plain octagonal, on a multangular shaft, has been discarded, and is now in churchyard. Register, 1570. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Papworth Everard, S.E. of Huntingdon. — St. Peter: Chancel, nave, N. porch, embattled tow^er on N. side with spire, one bell, and priest's bell. The earlier church, Dec, had simply chancel and nave, with modern bell turret. Present church almost entirely rebuilt Perp. style (1850). Tower attached to nave on S.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 147
side only (erected 1871). Spire added 1876.
E. window two lights, stained glass. Side
windows foliated lancets. Chancel arch good
Dec, with clustered columns and moulded caps.
Lofty narrow arch of similar design, which
carried old bell-cot at W. end. Font plain
ctagonal. Brass eagle lectern. N. and S.
oorways good early Dec, plain. Stained
lass memorial windows to the Cheere family,
y whom the extensive alterations were carried
iDut. Lych-gate and modern churchyard cross.
Register, 1565. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Parson Drove, S.W. of Wisbech. — St. John
[Baptist (an ecclesiastical parish formed, 1870,
(from Leverington). E.E. style. Nave, aisles,
jpj. and S. porches (chancel destroyed). Nave
ibf seven bays,' arches Perp., almost round, but
(vith slight point, on clustered piers with moulded
:aps, late. Clerestory windows square, three
ight, Perp. N. aisle late Dec. Windows of two
iights, some fragments of painted glass. Drip-
;tones have mask terminations. S. aisle modern-
sed. S. porch and doorway Perp. N. doorway
I.E., with Dec. shallow porch. Octagonal font,
^erp., panelled. Tower good Perp., with groined
'ault and panelled arch. There were five bells
a embattled W. tower. Register, 165 1. Bp.'s
Transcript, 1607.
148 THE CHURCHES OF
[At Parson Drove is the only untouched piece of pre-Reformation plate in the county {c. 1500), a paten, with vernicle, of considerable interest.]
Prickwillow. See p. 124.
Quy. See Stowe cum Quy, p. 164.
Rampton, N. of Cambridge. — All Saints: Chancel, nave, S. aisle, S. porch, embattled W. tower with diminutive spire, three bells (two pre- Reformation). Chancel Dec.,^ with much debased E. window, two mullions in modern brick wall only remain. Four good Dec. two-light side windows. Large double piscina. Square aumbry with door and ironwork. In N. wall Dec. sepulchral recess with effigy (clunch) in armour, formerly richly coloured, sword half drawn ; possibly Robert de ITsle, who held Rampton {temp. Henry HI.). A Dec. string round N. and S. walls, cut away in part for structural work. Low-side window on S. side with stanchions and cross bars, closed with shutter. Priest's door. Oak panelled roof and ancient tie-beams (till lately plastered ceiling). Chancel arch wide, pointed trans. Norm., detached shafts, scolloped caps and bases. The masonry bears marks of rood-screen, &c. Nave has four low E.E. arches, octagonal piers, boldly moulded caps and bases. Westernmost arch Perp. S. aisle E. window good Dec, with good 14th cent, glass (lately added),
^ Re-roofed and walls raised to original height a.d. 1910.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 149
which includes the Maria monogram, crowned, &c. Small Perp. piscina, its projecting bracket destroyed. Two S. aisle windows under square heads of three and two lights, tracer}^ mutilated. Windows on N. side (with exception of a two-light Jacobean insertion, provided to give light to the pulpit) are good Dec. The easternmost has small narrow niche for image (by rood-altar) in splay of window. N. door plain Dec. Nave has (uncommon) fine Perp. timber Queen-post roof, with tie-beams well moulded, ceiled within rafters, formerly coloured, now oak stained (possibly brought from Barnwell after the dissolution). Pulpit and sounding-board fine Jacobean. Norm, font, basin circular, quite plain, and well leaded. It is mounted on small low Perp. font of clunch in poor condition, which seems by its connection with wall to have been placed in position when tower and westernmost arch were constructed, and did duty until the old font basin was re- introduced. Lofty tower arch, good caps and bases, W. window two lights, all good Perp. Interesting fresco and other wall paintings on N. side and over S. arcade. Fine 13th cent, coffin slab (over coffin) with cross fleury and Lombardic inscription to Sire Nicholas de Hunting- dune. S. doorway Perp,, with quatrefoil orna- ment in spandrils, and plain niche for image above. There are fragments of old rood-screen
ISO THE CHURCHES OF
and bench ends preserved. Porch i8th cent., red brick. Tower Perp., with good Hghts, sun- dial and gargoyles. Nave roof thatched with reed. Register, 1678. Transcript at Ely begins 1599. The entire register has been printed by present rector. Restored, 1 899-1910.
[Some of the tracery of fine original five-light Dec. E. window has been recovered, which, to- gether with the saddle-stones for gable crosses and interesting fragments of pre-Norman and later wrought stone, is deposited in tower basement.]
Reach, partly in Burwell and partly in Swaff"- ham Prior parishes. (See Burwell, p. 18.)
Sawston, S. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: Chan- cel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, embattled W. tower, clock, eight bells. Chancel Perp., two- light E. window, side windows of three lights, with fragments of stained glass, opened lancets on N. side. E.E. double piscina, traces of painting; below a small trefoil recess, possibly an aumbry of same date. Doorwa}^ leading into original sacristy remains. Within altar rails (S. wall) memorial with incised arms to Elizabeth Bradston. Chancel arch Perp. On each side is a squint, that on N. unusually small. Above that on S. side a bracket, with carved male head ; opposite this, within chancel arch, a cherub. Nave of five square- edged arches, the three westernmost on each side
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 151
have semicircular Norm, caps, others squared. Piers octangular and circular, those eastward plain E.E. Roof Perp. Clerestory five two-light windows, early Perp. N. aisle windows trans. Dec. to Perp., those of S. aisle Dec, that at W. end three-light Dec. On wall two brackets with heads, one mutilated, with flowing tracery. E. window of stained glass. S. chapel has trefoil-headed piscina, aumbry, and bracket. At N.E. corner of this aisle a doorway entrance to rood-loft. Over door chancel side a sculptured head with wings and uplifted hands, within the chapel a carved head. Both aisles have rich Perp. par- closes. N. of chancel two large tombs, debased Perp., one elaborately canopied, helmet sus- pended from a bracket. Several monuments to the Huntingdon and Huddlestone families. Upon walls of S. chapel seven brasses (four original and three replicas of old) {c. 1420) ; a civihan {c. 1480); a man in armour; man (in armour) and wife (Robert and Joan Lockton), with sons, four (missing), and five daughters {c. 1500); children in shrouds. Inscription only de la Pole (1423), Huntingdon (1558-1564)- Vested priest holding chalice (William Richard- son, 1527). Slabs in nave floor with Lom- bardic inscriptions. Jacobean mural monument with male and female figures on either side of
152 THE CHURCHES OF
faldstool (i6i6). Font plain octangular, near it on S. side a chrismatory niche. Tower arch fine Dec, with clustered shafts. W. window of two lights. Tower Dec, with well-arranged but- tresses. Porch earl}' Perp. S. doorway. Re- gister, 1640. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1870-1, 1878-91.
Shelford, Great, S. by E. of Cambridge. — St, Mary : Church rebuilt (1387) by Thos.de Patesle, vicar ((?^. 141 8); a brass on chancel floor com- memorates him ; inscription lost, also lower part of effigy figure ; has good canopy and shields of arms. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch (with room over), W. embattled tower with small wooden spire, five bells. E. window stained glass, N. and S. windows fine three-light, formerly blocked. Piscina and sedilia S. side. Aumbry N. side. Chancel stalls a memorial to late Peter Grain. Fine Perp. rood-screen, loft opening on N. side of chancel arch. N. wall of chancel, six stone panels carrying shields of arms (1596, 1603) of Torrell, Redman, and Gouldwell families. Two others on S. wall. Over chancel arch remains of Doom painting, well-nigh obliterated. Nave of four arches with octagonal piers, with caps and corbels. N. aisle has a parclose; a small piscina. In S. aisle a trefoil E.E. piscina. Windows all good Perp.,
\
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i53
three lights. Those at W. end of aisles later. Some fragments of good stained glass. Good open roofs. N. doorway early Dec. Font octagonal, instruments of Passion carved on shields, and roses and arms, with stem, may have had shafts. Fine Jacobean pulpit, dated 1636, with sounding- board. Tower arch on single piers, sculptured angels on caps. S. porch has good doorways, and groined roof with ornamental bosses, stone seat on either side. On S. side of chancel arch, behind pulpit, small niche. Priest's chamber had an inner door opening into the church, which has been walled up; an outer door westward was reached by a ladder. Tower square below and octagonal above, with louvres on four sides and window panels on other four. The earlier steeple, blown down 1703, and again in 1798 (it had then a spire 45 feet high). Above chancel roof circular rood turret with staircase. The entire exterior is battlemented. Niches over porch. Sundial dated 1789. On chancel buttresses are three crosses, two in flint, third brick. Several stained glass windows, also brass in- scription to John Redman, and shield of arms. Register, 1557. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re- stored, 1862, 1886-90.
Shelford, Little, S.E. of Cambridge. — -^// Saints : Chancel, nave, S. chapel, S. porch, W.
154 THE CHURCHES OF
tower, spire, five bells. Chancel Dec. E. window modern, of three lights (having shafts with moulded caps and string beneath), has stained glass representing Crucifixion. Lofty chancel arch, E.E., of clustered shafts under a hood mould. Good Dec. modern window two lights, over sedilia. On S. side the sill forms the sedile. There is a trefoiled piscina. Under richly moulded ogee canopy, with crockets, finials, and pinnacled buttresses, a table-tomb (late Dec.) with recumbent effigy of Sir John de Freville {temp. Edward II.) in armour; on wall at back an inscription in Norm. French. Near it a recessed monumental arch, early Dec, enclos- ing Perp. doorway leading into small Perp. sacristy, where, by E. window, are three piscina drains. Chancel stalls have traceried panels and a cresting, the panels being enriched with Freville arms. N. and S. windows large, five lights, with stained glass under low hood, arch having grotesque corbel heads. Some good carved work. In wall near northernmost(chancel) arch is the rood staircase. N. door blocked. A small window above has old stained glass. The chapel, Perp., raised three steps above level of church floor, is entered by a four-centred arch with continuous mouldings. Good E. window of four lights. S. window five lights, with good tracery. A mural
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE I55
brass conveys the information that it " belongs to the Lords of the Manour." In S.E. corner a canopied niche containing seated figure, close by an elaborate piscina with deep basin, drain well to front. There are mutilated heads and shield. Below is a small arch. On N.W. side a bracket and mutilated carvings of cherubim and shield. A squint looks from S. chapel into chancel, now blocked. Nave two large Perp. and two late Dec. windows. Jacobean pulpit, hexagonal, sounding - board in sacristy (date 1633), where also is part of old rood-screen. Octagonal font Dec, on four shafts and central stem, stands against S. jamb of tower arch. Tower Dec. Good W. window. In S.W. angle some stone fragments worked in with the flints. Built into wall of porch is a coffin-lid with cross, and interlacing pattern in low relief. Close by a number of 12th cent, coffin slabs and later fragments, with cross in low reHef. On exterior S. wall of chancel a blocked lancet. Churchyard cross restored. There are other memorials in the chapel, and on floor two small good brasses with effigies to Robert de Freville {ob. 1393) and wife; to his son Thos. de Freville {pb. 1405) and wife. In nave small brass effigy of priest, John Gate, rector {c. 1445)- Register, 1686. Bp/s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1878-9.
156 THE CHURCHES OF
Shepreth, S.W. of Cambridge. — All Saints: Chancel, nave, N. porch, low W. tower, three bells. Chancel Dec. Norm, chancel arch with round architrave. On each side a recess, the S. pierced as a squint. Nave of four arches Dec. Piers of four semicircular shafts, with two fillets and a hollow between each. Windows late insertions. Nave has recently been rebuilt. North porch has been removed, the inner door trans. Norm, to E.E. During repairs two stone coffins were found on N. side, one contained a small pewter chalice. Octagonal font, fine trans, from Norm, to E.E., with central and angular shafts. Massive tower, Dec. and E.E., now little more than half original height. The broken material - has been used to build churchyard wall. Register, 1569. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. I
Shingay, N.W. of Royston. — St. Mary {ecclesia ' destructa) : Formerly here a preceptory of Knights Templars, subsequently of the Knights Hos- pitallers. No trace of the building remains; a dry moat only surrounds the site. The private chapel of preceptory used as parish church, which was, wholly or in part, rebuilt (1523) by Sir Thos. Sheffield. After removal of buildings (in 1697) a small chapel of three bays (without chancel) in the Italian style, and dedicated to St. Mar}^, was erected b^' Lord Sandys in 1737
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i57
on an adjacent site. This building continued to be used until it became ruinous. About 1820 the materials appropriated for secular purposes. Chapelry annexed to rectory of Wendy. A new church built in E.E. style, dedicated to All Saints. Some tablets in chancel, arms over W. door, and a foundation-stone, all from previous building, are in new church. Register, vide Wendy.
Shudy Camps, S.E. of Cambridge.— 5/. Mary : Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, five bells. Chancel Perp., lower part of walls and S. doorway Dec. Nave Perp., with windows of three lights. Cinquefoil piscina in S.E. wall. Base of octagonal font plain Perp., partially built into wall, upper part modern. Doorways, porch, and tower plain Perp. In spandrils of W. window are curious representations of Blessed Virgin Mary and Child, and a warrior with spear and shield. In chancel are monuments of the Dayrells. Re- gister, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1604. Restored, 1870-91.
Snailwell, N. of Newmarket. — St. Peter: The low round tower and high-pitched roof gives the church a somewhat peculiar appearance. Chan- cel, nave, aisles, S. porch, circular W. tower Norm, (a recent vestry), three bells, one pre- Reformation. Chancel Dec. On N. side high canopied tomb. In S. wall low transomed Dec.
158 THE CHURCHES OF
windoW; with two lights. Handsome modern reredos. Chancel arch Dec. (niche). Nave three arches Dec, with octagonal piers. On N. and S. side a Perp. parclose. N. aisle windows Dec, of three lights ; one has internal jamb shafts and dripstone with terminal corbel heads. S. aisle has lancets, a triplet at W. end, and Dec and Perp. window. Porch Perp. Mutilated stoiip. The round tower one of two remaining in county. It seems formerly to have been battle- > mented and had small low spire. Dec. font octa- 1 gonal. Stone coffin (i 5th cent.) containing skeleton • of priest found during restoration in wall of S. ( aisle. There are several glass windows and mural decoration. Register, 1629. Restored, 1878-9.
Soham, N.E. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew: A fine cruciform church of 12th cent. Chancel with two chapels on N. side (used as vestries), clerestoried nave, aisles, transepts, N. and S. porches, embattled W. tower with pinnacles, clock, ten bells. Chancel walls E.E., with good rib string on N. and S. walls. Windows Dec Fine E. window of five lights, stained glass, on either side a niche with traces of painting. N. wall has painting of a bishop in act of bene- diction. Sedilia and piscina on S. side. Three windows on S. side, the westernmost of three lights, others of two. Reredos, screen, and stalls
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 1 59
modern. Ten old stalls Dec, with misericords with quaintly designed carvings. The N. chapel arch has its pier caps battlemented, and the architrave hollows ornamented with roses. In easternmost chapel (? St. John Baptist) an old altar slab fixed in E. wall. Two-light E. window, Dec, has fragments of old stained glass. In N. wall a single-light Dec. window, and single lancet blocked on S. side. Stone corbels. The ancient door from chancel has massive wood lock. Aumbry near floor in W. wall. The other chapel has three-light Perp. windows on N. side, and a monument to Ed. Burnes and wife (Drurye) 1598. At entrance is a fine Perp. parclose screen, at one time richly gilt. At W. entrance a Dec arch; those on N. and S. sides have their piers muti- lated. A central tower seems to have been originally planned. The four arches spring from semicircular responds with enriched caps and plain bases, trans. Norm, to E.E., the W. arch has dog-tooth and other moulding. Stone stair- case to this tower has a round arch opening, and recess for window on N. and E. sides. A square string course over central tower arch in both transepts. A small window over S. arch with Norm, pilasters. S. transept has good E.E. double piscina with dripstone heads, each tran- sept had triple lights originally, the walls being
i6o THE CHURCHES OF
trans. Norm., they now have inserted Perp. windows. N. transept has sepulchral recess, an ogee arch double-feathered with crockets and finials, and roses in hollows, the front panelled. Small trefoil piscina by side of this monument, upper part directed westward. N. window Perp., battlemented transoms. Nave five arches each side, trans. Norm., with moulded caps and bases. Piers alternately round and octagonal. An addi- tional bay at W. end is plain Perp. Clerestory has five- and three-light Perp. windows, with string course as far as fourth bay. Roof of oak has six tie-beams (with open work panelling), which alternate with single hammer-beams having angels and ornamental cornice ; the wall pieces have carved figures in niches, and rest on oak corbels. There are some fine open benches (15th cent.), with interesting poppy heads of various designs. Aisle windows Dec. and Perp. Small aumbry at E. end of S. aisle. Roof span- drils have good carved work, foliage, animals, &c., and corbels in wood and stone. N. aisle roof similar character. Royal arms. Font modern. Tower arch very lofty. S. porch (groined roof originally) has two-light Dec. window, and stone seat on either side. N. porch, interior panelled in six divisions on each side, has a stoup. Two- light Dec. window, and stone seat on each side.
SOHAM, ST. ANDREW. CENTRAL ARCHES
CAMBRIDGESHIRE i6i
Oak roof and corbels. Door has good arch with hood. The fine Perp. tower (lOO ft. high) panelled with flint and stone, ornamented in upper stage. W. door with square head has spandrils filled with quatrefoils and large Perp. window above. Belfry staircase door has ornamented spandrils. Brasses Robins {pb. 1608) and wife, Thornton and wife (Drurie) 1 598. Over N. porch entrance a cinque- foil niche and crocketed canopy, with panelled buttresses finished with large finials. Large sundial. Aisles have cornices ornamented with roses. Register, 1558. Restored, 1879-80.
[Barway. — St. Nicholas: Hamlet chapel Dec, formerly thatched, chancel, and nave. Plain octagonal font and stoup niche, otherwise no particular interest.]
Stapleford, S.S.E. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew: Chancel, nave, aisles, N. transept, S. porch, W. tower with spire, five bells. Chan- cel E.E. E. window of three lights good Perp., stained glass representing Crucifixion. Chancel arch excellent Norm. Lancets in wall N. and S. Perp., window under square head, S. side. Priest's door. Double piscina Dec. Nave five arches Dec, with low octagonal piers, windows late Dec. Transept small, has large Perp. window, one Dec Single piscina in N. and S. aisle. Spacious S. porch fine Dec, with double
i62 THE CHURCHES OF
gablets at end of coping. During restoration, a stone coffin containing remains of vested priest discovered within the church near porch. The small chalice and paten of pewter are preserved in the church. Tower E.E., of good design, well built windows, mostly Dec. Small inscribed effigy brass to Wm. Lee, vicar for 43 years {pb. 1617), in civiHan dress. Ancient iron-bound chest with four locks (15th cent.). Font octa- gonal. Two interesting sepulchral stones, un- earthed during recent restoration, are of some interest, (i) A small 13th cent, coffin stone, upon the face of which is a singular form of cross device in high relief. An upper and lower lozenge ornament, the perpendicular line of which runs the entire length of the stone, and this has in the centre four transverse bars. (2) A 12th cent, monumental stone, perhaps the base of an upright cross, bearing the familiar interlaced design on its two faces and an embattled pattern, and interlaced work on the sides. Register, 1598. Bp's Transcript, 1 599. Restored, 1 866-8 and later. Steeple Morden, N.W. of Royston. — Sts. Peter and Paul: The lofty tower of this church which fell (temp. James II.) destroying cleres- tory and chancel (never rebuilt), gave the parish its distinctive name. Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, low S. tower with shingle spire, one bell.
SOHAM, ST. ANDREW. TOWER, ETC.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 163
Chancel arch E.E., caps. Lower part of good Perp. screen. Nave of tliree arches on S. side and four on N. E.E. to Dec, with moulded caps and clustered columns. N. aisle Perp. S. aisle Dec, with string course round interior. Octa- gonal font Dec, moulded. Porch Dec, with double niche over entrance. Low tower for single bell was built over same consequent upon fall of tower. There is some good Jacobean woodwork. One of the pews has the date 1686. Good open seats. Matrix of fine 14th cent, brass and other despoiled slabs. Register, 1675. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1869.
Stetchworth, S.W. of Newmarket. — St. Peter: Chancel, nave, aisles, embattled W. tower with pinnacles, five bells, two pre-Reformation, in- scribed. Chancel E.E., with large Perp. E. window, six small hooded lancets. Nave of three arches Perp., piers each of two columns, some caps battlemented, aisles Perp. In S. aisle E. end good vaulted Perp. niche. On N. side Dec. piscina. In aisles four quatrefoil windows and four good brackets, one of which represents some monster. Font. Perp., of uncommon char- acter, four graven heads (perhaps portraits) wearing hoods. There is a fine monument or white marble, wath effigies (3) on background of black marble, erected by 2nd Baron Gorges (and
i64 THE CHURCHES OF
wife) of Dundalk (who are represented in mourn- ing attitudes) to son Henr}^ [pb. 1674), Other memorials. Register, 1666. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1894.
Stowe cum Quy {alias Quy), N.E. of Cam- bridge.— St. Majy: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower, five bells, modern sanctus bell-cot of red brick. Chancel ascended from nave by two steps. E. window of three lights Dec, on N. side similar window. On S. side three- light Perp. and two-light Dec. windows. Niche in E. wall. N. side has traces of colour. Rood- screen Perp., five divisions, has been partially restored. On S. side remains of rood staircase. Squint on N. side of chancel arch blocked. Nave of four arches Dec, one E.E. with dog-toothing at S.E., half of its W. pier of one style, half the other. Piers of four semicircular shafts, with two fillets and hollows between. They have to some extent the appearance of incomplete orna- mentation (dog-toothing, &c.). Clerestory Perp., four two-light windows on each side. At E. end of aisles were chantries, Perp., possessing tran- sept character in a slight projection N. and S. A good three-light transomed window in N. aisle. Small piscina in N. aisle, a stoup just inside N. door half-covered by seats, above which a tablet commemorates reopening of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 165
churcli in 1880; window of N. aisle blocked to receive modern monument. S. aisle piscina (no drain). One window Perp. insertion, others Dec, mainly as in N. aisle. Octagonal font Perp., with plain shields between octofoils, basin supported by angel heads. Large chest clamped with iron, formerly at W. end of S. aisle, now destroyed. Brass with effigies of man in armour (John Anstey) c. 1465 (wife gone), twelve sons, four daughters (missing) ; the sons w^ear tabards bearing the Anstey arms. Brass with arms, and inscription to Edward Stern 1641. Other brasses formerly here. Some 17th cent, slabs to Laurence family. Tablets to Ambrose Martyn (Thomas Martyn rebuilt chancel on smaller scale c> 1740). Remains of wall paintings. Loose stone frag- ments (heads, &c.) resting on window sill. Tower arch and W. window Dec. In N.W. corner small doorway to belfr}^, small square light in E. tower of wall. Fine window N.W. exterior, with good tracery and dog-toothing. Remains of an arch in wall. Fine gable cross E. end of chancel. An altar-cloth (at the Hall) of curious workmanship, a possible survival of pre-Reformation days. An- other church (6V. Nicholas) once existed on the fen border in this parish. Jeremy Collier, the non-juror, was born here. Register, 1650. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1879-82.
1 66 THE CHURCHES OF
Stretham, S.W. of Ely. — St, James: Chancel (with modern vestry), nave (with modern cleres- tory), aisles (with chapels), S. aisle modern, S. porch, W. tower w^ith spire, clock, five bells. The church has been so thoroughly restored and added to that several old features are lost. The S. aisle is an addition, and the present S. porch occupies the place of a wooden porch which had some interesting work. N. porch destroyed. E. window Dec, five lights, stained glass. Marble reredos. Two Dec. side windows. On S. side window sill is carried low for seat. On N. side is an oblong aumbry. An acutely pointed arch on N. side marks the tomb of Nicholas de Ryngestone, rector, temp. Edward I. A slab with Lombardic inscription on floor. On same side, westward, a wide arch separates vestry by screen. A corresponding arch on S. side and beyond are together with aisle and porch additions. Fine carved rood-screen Perp., restored. Nave of four arches on N. side, with octagonal moulded piers and good corbel heads, windows square headed, under arch, of three lights. New S. aisle made to cor- respond exactly, except that the piers are cir- cular. An examination of some masonry of the old church, now in rectory garden, shows that anciently these w^ere trans. Norm, piers (mono- liths). Modern octagonal font, resting on eight
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 167
shafts and central column. A late rector's tomb in recess of N. chapel, before ground taken into church, was in churchyard. N. and S. Dec. windows in chapels, with arches communicating with nave. Tower arch very fine, acute, and lofty, with continuous mouldings and good bases. W. window Dec. (not central), particularly good. Monumental brass with effigy to Joan Swan (pb. 1497). She wears the square wimple, and has ring on finger of right hand. Her sons, John and Richard Ryphingham, were successively rectors of Stretham. Inscription lost ; the fine canopy has brass reaved. Other monuments to Anna, daughter of Dean Wren and wife of Dr. Brunsell. Two fine coffin-lids (i) Qy. a mitred figure holding crozier, (2) a floriated cross. In porch walls are some fragments of early (and later) carved stone appertaining to the old church. Good N.E. doorway, has dripstone heads. Tower remarkably good. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1602. Restored, 1876-87.
[Fine stone cross on highway E. of church, the octagonal base ornamented with quatrefoils, the top has four niches, with pedestal for images, c. 1400.]
[Thetford, a hamlet, two miles N.E. of Stret- ham.— St. George: Interesting 14th cent, chapel, which has suffered from repeated restoration.
i68 THE CHURCHES OF
Nave partially rebuilt and enlarged. Porch added 1863, vestry built 1885. Nave, formerly separated from chancel by solid wall, having small Dec. doorway, with squint openings on either side; above were three Dec. brackets for images, all now destroyed. Chancel has Perp. E. window of three lights, side windows two lights. Marble reredos. Piscina with shelf. Good roof corbels. Priest's door and good string, which is also seen in nave. Nave has two square-headed Dec. windows N. and S. of three lights under arch, with flowing tracery, and two - light windows N. and S. at W. end. Good octagonal font Dec, with four projecting heads; probably they re- present four Queens of Ely. Doorways quite plain. W. window good Dec, flowing tracery, has hood mould with labels. E. window good dripstone heads. The chapel was formerly thatched. W. turret has one bell, formerly at Ely House Chapel in Holborn. Bp.'s Transcript,
1 599-]
Stuntney, S.E. of Ely. — Holy Cross: Chapelry and ecclesiastical parish. In its way a little gem of Norm, architecture, greatly dimmed by repeated and injudicious 'restoration.' Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, clock, one bell. Chancel was formerly separated from nave by a tliick wall, in which a small Norm, arch with
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 169
zigzag mouldings and shafts, having foh'ated caps, was inserted. Doorways good Norm., with zigzag and billet mouldings. The north door- way (which had been blocked) conesponding to that on S. side was actually taken bodily out of its original position and placed on S. side of chancel, while the semicircular chancel arch was placed a little lower down, where it forms a sort of apology for an opening into an organ chamber. The very stones seem to cry out for restitution and replacement. The windows are largely modern. W. window single light Dec. Over it the double gable opening, intended for the bells, was utilised as a two-light lancet window to light the gallery. Font good Norm., circular, with large escallops. The present character of the building is completely altered. Good E. Perp. gable cross. The church was badly ' restored,' in part, in 1876. The old Norm, nave was pulled down, a new and larger one built ; the tower was similarly treated. The great weight and wide span of new roof and uncertain foundations was disastrous. Further restoration being under- taken, nave of lesser span with side aisles was built, the Norm, doorways (3) being re-set. Re- gister, 1545. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600
Sutton, W. of Ely. — 5A Andreiv : A fine, well- proportioned Perp. church, possibly the work of
170 THE CHURCHES OF '
Bp. Barnet (1366-73), whose arms, and probably his portrait, appear on carved bosses on porch roof. Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, fine W. tower with fifteen pinnacles and a conical spire, clock, six bells. Chancel Perp., with earlier traces, has fine E. window of five lights filled stained glass, with a niche on either side containing lately added figures of Sts. Andrew and Etheldreda. Three large windows N. and S. Reredos of Caen stone. Piscina and sedilia have had their canopies destroyed. On N. side a low pointed arch. Low stone bench on all sides. A newel staircase to rood-loft in pier on N. side of chancel arch. Traces of rood- screen in choir seats. Nave of six lofty arches, piers semicircular, and octagonal shafts with fillets, hollows between. The large windows throughout of like character with those of chancel, all inserted under lofty arches with responds. In S.E. corner of S. aisle a large elegant piscina, over which is a fine niche with mutilated full- sized figure of Our Lady of Pity ; traces of gilt and colour remain. Stone seat full length of each aisle. Quaintly carved corbels to roof The porch with groined roof has chamber above. The arms of Bp. Arundell, who followed Bp. Barnet, are on one of the bosses. Octagonal font Perp., ornamented below basin. Good open
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 171
benches with poppies. Some good glass. W. doorway square headed, with spandrils of quatre- foils, over which is a band of quatrefoils with large Perp. window above, and another band of quatrefoils. Nave, aisles, and porch embattled. Singularly constructed tower, square at base, octagonal above, crowned by smaller lantern turret with pinnacles at angles. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1869.
Swaffham Bulbeck, N.E. of Cambridge. — St. Mary: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, two porches, W. tower, six bells (re-cast out of old four by Taylor of St. Neots 1820, quaintly inscribed). Chancel good Dec, well disposed tracery in large windows. S. side piscina and sedilia. Fine recessed table-tomb on S. side under rich arch. Nave of four arches, octagonal piers. Clerestory late Perp. At E. end of N. aisle (by vestry) entrance to rood-loft stairway, and at the side a rectangular opening in wall, and standing beneath it a stone coffin, having floriated cover. Piscina in aisle. Some good open benches, Perp., in nave and aisles, mutilated, with carved poppy heads; birds, animal forms, &c. Late 15th cent, cedar chest, of unusual interest, possibly unique, apparently of Flemish workmanship, handsomely carved, but history unknown ; upon inside of lid (the background of
1/2 THE CHURCHES OF
wiiich is sunk and cross hatched) is a painted representation of (i) the Crucifixion as a centre- piece (a crowded group with angels and the two thieves ; the soul of right-hand thief received by an angel, the soul of left-hand thief by a devil). Within a circle on either side are representations of (2) Assumption of Our Lady, (3) the Resurrec- tion (with soldiers, and tw^o attendant angels hold- ing implements of the Passion). At each corner of centre-piece are emblems of the Evangelists; figures are in sharp relief.^ Towner earlier than rest of church. Tower arch characteristic. W. window an E.E. triplet. String round church interior has terminal head at N. door. Octagonal font. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1876-7, 1884-91.
Swaffham Prior, W. of New^market. — Two churches in one churchyard, viz. (i) Sts. Cyriac and Julitta (child and mother), (2) St, Mary, In regard to the use made of these churches, it is a tale of turn and turn about. St. Cyriac, for years dilapidated, rebuilt ('an ugly structure' when Lysons wrote in 18 12), the tower remaining. The church of St. Mary had then been pulled down. All has now been altered. Recent extensive
^ In an old MS. inventory of the 14th cent, we find at Swaff- ham Bulbeck " Itm j bona cistra ferro ligata ex dono Thoe Bottesham de lenn p con^uacoe f custodia libro^."
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 173
work has resulted in the removal of main portion of St. Cyriac (with the stained glass W. window of S. aisle, brasses, and other memorials), the materials or proceeds being used in the re-instate- ment of St. Mary's and the conversion of ground floor of St. Cyriac's tower, square below and octagonal above, into a cemetery chapel. It seems to have been copied from St. Mary's, the lower courses of masonry of red brick being in alternate squares with grey stone. Previously St. Mary's consisted of clerestoried nave, aisles, and tran- septs, W. tower, W. porch. St. Cyriac, a small chancel, nave, aisles without transepts, and tower having embattled polygonal lantern, six bells. Tower of St. Mary's in lower part Norm., in upper E.E., square at base, and as it rises at every stage, the angles reach the octagonal form ; it then becomes sixteen-sided, ending in a spire (now wanting). The four arches, Perp., of both aisles remain with battlemented caps. The chancel of St. Mary's, which has some remains of Norm, work in the walls (has stained glass windows), restored 1878 under Sir Arthur Blomfield, who also designed the handsome 15th cent, screen. Porch at W. end of tower, Perp., has groined roof. Several interesting memorials. The brasses are (i) John Tothyll, in armour, and wife, 1462. (2) Richard Water
174 THE CHURCHES OF
and wife, four sons (the daughters lost). (3) Wm. Water and wife, six sons (the daughters missing), 1521. (4) Man and wife, 1530. (5) Robert Chambers (in topboots), 1638. Sir John Ellys, Master of Caius College {pb. 171 6), is buried here. The old font re-erected on new base after having formed part of a rockery for many years. The church of St. Mary, after recent restoration, has once again assumed some- thing of its ancient character. Altogether the churches of Swaffham Prior have passed through strange vicissitudes. Register, 1559. Bp.'s Tran- script, 161 3.
Swavesey, N.W. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew: A fine interesting church, originally attached to adjacent priory (a cell to the Abbey of Sts. Ser- gius and Bacchus, in Normandy). Chancel with S. aisle and N. vestry, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower, six bells. Walls of chancel E.E., with original strings. Perp. E. window, five lights, canopied niche on either side. Hand- some modern reredos, and original altar-slab marked with crosses. Perp. windows on N. side, on which side are two doorways, one to vestry, other in unusual position close to E. end, which probably led to priory. On S. side sedilia and piscina, very rich Dec, having quatrefoil arches and clustered shafts. Aumbry at extreme end
SWAFFHAM PRIOR, (l) ST. MARY, (2) STS. CYRIAC AND JULITTA (Ptez'ions to recent restoration)
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 175
of chancel. Two E.E. arches open into cliapel, the central pier circular, with large moulded cap, responds octagonal. Chancel floor has been considerably raised. Chancel arch E.E., with hood moulding. Modern stalls from old designs. Modern rood-screen good Perp. N. chantry a prolongation of the aisle. S. chantry mainly E.E., considerably elevated, larger than chancel. E. window of five lancets within outer arch, with jamb shafts. Sedilia late Perp., four central arches, and cusping. Piscina marks position of old altar steps. In S. wall, at extreme end, a low opening. In the thickness of wall, low down, some remains of E.E. work, perhaps parts of sepulchral recess to a de la Zouche, who endowed the chantry; both chantries are enclosed by modern oak screens. A lancet at E. end of aisle has Perp. tracery ; if answering the purpose of low-side window, at an uncommon elevation. An adjacent E.E. piscina, remarkable for its low position. N. aisle separated from chancel aisle by low wall. A window here has trefoiled head, and square dripstone without. The two-light windows lower down aisle originally E.E. lancets, afterwards filled with Perp. tracery. E.E. string beneath windows. Perp. windows have tran- soms. Timber roof and seats specially good. Nave six lofty arches, with Perp. piers formed
176 THE CHURCHES OF
of two small shafts with divisional mouldings, and small ascending shaft without bases in the jambs. The caps which cut string course of clerestory formed by corbels above. Tower arches opening into nave and aisles (the latter prolonged to W. wall limit) remarkably good E.E. Piers octagonal, with deeply-moulded caps and ornamental string. Font octagonal, very good Perp., with panel shields upon bold shaft with prominent ribs. At W. end of N. aisle large stone coffin with double Omega emblem on lid. By wall on S. side near the font are other coffin covers. In S. aisle monument to the Cutts family (1631) with long inscription. S. porch, E.E., has richly moulded inner door and smaller bases to jamb moulding. Hood of outer door terminates with ornamental work. Arches of S. aisle windows have mask dripstone termina- tions. The fine E.E. tower largely loses its character in late Perp. Well-carved gargoyles. Register, 1576. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re- stored, 1867.
Tadlow, N.W. of Royston.— 5/. Giles : Chan- cel, nave, S. porch, low embattled W. tow^er, clock, three bells (one pre-Reformation, inscribed ►J^ SancU Andn'e Ora Pro Nobis). Chancel E.E., with long narrow lancets on each side. Perp. E. window, E.E. string carried round walls.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 177
Chancel arch plain E.E., with moulded caps. Nave E.E., on north side long narrow lancets. S. wall has Perp. windows inserted. An arch E. end of aisle points to former chantry. Font octagonal, probably E.E. N. and S. doors good E.E., the latter has two shafts in jambs and g^od moulded arch. S. porch rebuilt, tower Perp. Register, 1585. Bp.'s Transcript, 1638. Re- stored, 1866, 1873.
Teversham, E. of Cambridge. — All Saints : Chancel, nave, aisles, modern S. porch, embattled W. tower, one bell (two pre-Reformation bells here till recently). Originally an E.E. church. Chancel Dec, with later insertions. Below E. window carved stonework exhibiting quatrefoils, arcading, &c. ; some colouring. Piscina and sedilia rich Perp., with traces of colour. An ornamental niche forms the aumbry. Low-side window blocked. Roof has good bosses at inter- sections, the cornice displaying angels bearing devices. Perp. oak rood-screen, rood staircase, and remains of entrance to rood-loft. N. and S. of chancel arch is a squint. Nave E.E. (possibly shortened when Perp. tower erected), of three arches. E.E. piers octagonal, with circular caps, brackets upon shafts. Eastern termination of arcade noticeable. Two curious oval apertures on each side between tops of arches. These
M
I
178 THE CHURCHES OF
openings served as clerestory windows before they were covered by roofing of aisles, being carried up to angle of nave roof. In N. aisle piscina, good Dec. windows. In S. aisle piscina has no drain. N. door (or casement), now glazed, appears as low-side window in N. aisle. In this chapel formerly stood a table-tomb with two mutilated recumbent alabaster figures to Sir Ed. Styward and wife, now removed to W. end of S. aisle. E.E. door and W. window. Carved Jacobean pulpit brought here from Cherry Hinton Church. Font plain octagonal. N. of chancel, I judging from door remaining, was formerly a sacristy, now vestry. Register, 1593. Bp.'s Transcript, 1602. Restored, 1888-91.
Thorney, W. of Wisbech. — Sts. Mary and Botolph, anciently ' Ankerig.' Originally W. end of nave of the Abbey Church; rebuilt 1089- 1108; fitted as parish church 1638. The aisles ^ being destroyed, the five arches were walled up, upper tier of arches filled with Perp. tracery ! from clerestory windows of church. The piers ij alternately round and clustered, some carving on ■ caps and bases. Two E. arches of triforium moulded on N. side. Church refitted and modern transept added 1841. E. window re- ; presents miracles of St. Thomas a Becket. Bays: of nave arcade surmounted by triforium arches.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 179
Panel of Norm, clerestory remains next W. end, with billet moulding and blocked opening into triforium. W. end flanked by Norm, square towers, with octagonal Perp. turrets richly panelled. W. doorway has deep mouldings and niches, the date 1638 appears in spandrils, at which time the five-light window, &c. (divided into upper and lower lights, cinquefoiled and trefoiled), were erected. Window within the arch of one much larger. Between window and doorway a series of faces alternate with flowers. Above W. windows are niches, with images and elaborate panelling. A French colony settled here temp. Charles I., and a French service held. Bp. Wren granted Hcence (1640) to Stephen de Curfol to preach either in French or Latin. N. and S. porches. Mural brass to first French minister, with interesting inscription. An em- battled parapet and cornice on exterior nave walls. One bell in N.W. tower. Register, 1653, in French, has been printed. Restored, 1888.
Thriplow, S. of Cambridge.— yi//5^/;2/^(? 5/. George): One of the best cruciform churches in the county. Chancel, nave, transepts, S. porch, embattled central tower with small spire, five bells. Chancel Dec, E. window modern. Piscina. On N. side an unusually large lancet window, unglazed, helps to light vestry. Good
i8o THE CHURCHES OF
Dec. rood-screen of three arches cinquefoiled, each cusp trefoiled with flower at points. Original screen of Great St. Mary's, Cambridge, copied from that at Thriplow. Transepts E.E. Lancet windows and Perp. insertions. N. window of N. transept four hghts, with battlemented tran- soms and quatrefoil tracery. Tower rests on four fine Dec. arches. The outer mouldings on corbels. Nave has Perp. open timber roof, painted. Good stained glass. W. window Perp., over fine square-headed doorway with spandrils. Font Norm., modern base. Open seats with carved poppy heads. S. porch modern. Regis- ter, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1604. Restored,
1876-7, 1887.
Toft, S.W. of Cambridge.— 5/. Andrew: Chancel (entirely rebuilt 1863, when new N. aisle added), nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower, three bells. Small trefoiled piscina, two aum- bries. Nave of five bays, early Perp., has fine roof with ornamented tie-beams. In S. aisle a niche and plain piscina; mutilated stoup in S. porch. Font plain octagonal. Tower arch good Perp. The old tower fell (1890) while being pulled down; rebuilt 1894. Some alabaster figures, richly coloured, found in S. wall are still preserved, vis. figure of St. Christopher, a headless figure of St. Hubert, with the golden
CAMBRIDGESHIRP: iSi
horned hart at his side, &c. Register, 1539. Bp.'s Transcript, 1630. Restored, 1863.
Trumpington, S. of Cambridge. — Sts. Mary and Michael: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. and S. chapels, N. porch, embattled W. tower, five bells. Chancel good early Dec. Formerly a chapel on N. side (blocked doorway remains). E. window ot^five lights, with geometrical tracery. Windows N. side two lights, with trefoil in heads, hood moulds with masks, some contem- porary glass. S. side one window three lights, with intersecting tracery, other two as on N. side. Small priest's door. Low-side window. Double piscina Dec, with central division, each with stone shelf and separate drain. Richly moulded sedilia in sill of S.E. window. String course with scroll moulding under windows. Chancel arch plain, without shafts. Lower part of chancel screen remains. Nave of five arches on clustered pillars, good caps and bases, with quatrefoil clerestory windows on N. side, lancets on S. side over the piers. Responds of nave E.E. N. aisle has good early Dec. windows, varied. On N. side a chapel with two arches; under easternmost, Dec, tomb of Sir Roger de Trumpington, with famous brass [temp. Edward L), surmounted by ogee Dec. arch. In N. wall aumbry and low-side opening. Good W.
1 82 THE CHURCHES OF
doorway, Dec, opens into porch of same period. S. aisle and chapel are similar, having good Dec. piscina, with shelf. Between aisle and chapel remains of stone screen. Lofty tower arch, with continuous mouldings upon E.E. shafts. W. doorway and window early Dec, a segmental arch within, on slender shafts. Tower (but- tresses carried high) has single-light lancets and windows of two lights. Small niche opening in external recess level with ground in N.W. wall ; a hole in stone ceiling suggests a bell aperture, the loophole now closed. It was popularly regarded as a ' Confessional ! ' On S. side of chancel an external sepulchral arch, floriated. On outside of N. wall of chancel Dec. piscina, formerly in chapel. Over E. window small circular trefoiled opening. Octagonal font, early Perp., panelled with roses and shields. Jacobean pulpit with late pedestal. Some memo- rial windows. Register, 1671. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1876.
Tydd St. Giles, N.W. of Wisbech.— Chan- cel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, detached embattled tower (removed 50 feet to S.E.), six bells. Chancel modern. E. window of stained glass. Chancel arch on shafts, with E.E. foli- aged caps. Piscina niches. Staircase and door- way to rood-loft remain. Nave of six bays, with
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 183
circular piers, varied caps. Norm, and E.E. piers lean westward. Clerestory windows square Perp. Aisles Dec, and Perp. windows. Door- ways late Dec. Octagonal font early Perp., rich tracery, deep panels in shields displaying em- blems of the Passion, arms of the See of Ely. Large W. window, late Dec, five lights, with buttresses and crocketed canopies, flowing tracery, said to be the work of Alan de Walsingham. W. doorway shows small wide ogee arch, with three niches above. Tower stands on four arches, lower stages E.E., the upper Perp. A 13th cent, floriated cross slab on floor of nave : " Orate pro anima dni John Fysner." On one of the piers 14th cent, inscription in Norm.-French to Richard le Pretre : '' Cest FILER COMENCAT RiCARD LE PrESTRE primer PREYEZ PVR. LVI." Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1602. Restored, 1869.
Upwell, mainlyin Norfolk.— dT/^m/ Church: An ecclesiastical parish in Isle of Ely. A modern cruciform brick church. Chancel, nave, transepts, S. porch, W. turret, one bell. Register, 1866.
Waterbech, S.E. of Cambridge.— 5a John: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, N. porch, em- battled W. tower, clock, five bells. The church has been considerably restored, and many old features lost. E. window a triplet of lancets, others N. and S. are E.E. double lancet with central shaft.
I
184 THE CHURCHES OF
Fine modern alabaster and mosaic reredos and arcading, with sedilia. On N. side a piscina and open aumbry, trefoil, under pointed arch. Pre- Reformation altar slab with three of its crosses, and bearing marks of six supporting shafts. Priest's door with well-moulded arch. Large chancel arch Perp. Nave of three arches on circular piers E.E., with foliaged caps ; cleres- tory windows of three lights. Aisles Perp. In S. aisle some fine old glass has been brought together. Some new quarries are copies of old glass. Oblong arched piscina wnth deep basin. Modern font of marble and Caen stone on five pillars. Tower arch E.E. W. window single tall lancet. Good modern brass eagle lectern. Pulpit of Caen stone and alabaster, with mosaics, illus- trating the Sermon on the Mount and preaching of St. Paul, with statuettes. Register, 1653. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1878.
[Denny Abbey is in this parish.]
Wendy, N. of Royston. — All Saints: An- nexed to chapelry of Shingay. Church (erected 1735) rebuilt 1866-8. Chancel, nave, W. porch, W. belfry, one bell. Oak roof of nave — fine double hammer-beam — was brought here from the old church of All Saints^ Cambridge, and other of its materials used in reconstruction. Register, 1550. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 185
Wentworth, W. of Ely.— 5/. Peter: Chancel, nave, N. porch, small embattled W. tower, one bell. Chancel E.E., with three lancets N. and S. deeply splayed. Under S.W. window square- headed lancet, low-side opening deeply splayed. E. window late Perp. Good double piscina. Part of good Dec. rood-screen. Priest's door plain E.E., with mask terminations to hood moulds. Nave windows late Dec, internal hood moulds and corbel heads. E.E. arch. On S. side formerly open to chapel ; Dec. window beneath. Piscina in N. wall. N. and S. door- ways Norm., the former trefoil headed, latter round, with cable shafts and cushion caps. Oc- tagonal font, good E.E., on five shafts, leaf foliage under the basin. Some old seats with poppies. Perp. tower. Register, 1670. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1868.
Westley Waterless, S.W. of Newmarket. — St. Mary : Chancel, nave, aisles, turret, with one bell. (The round tower of this church fell in 1855; it had round-headed windows, the upper stage (later) had pointed windows. There were three bells in the tower ; when the late Dr. Raven wrote, he commented on the fact that there was no bell.) Chancel E.E. E. window lancet under one arch. Plain piscina. Nave Dec, of three arches, with octagonal piers. Each aisle Dec,
1 86 THE CHURCHES OF
has good piscina. In S. aisle fine brass of Sir John de Creke and lady (1324), also a low tomb with recumbent effigy. E.E. panelled font. Re- gister, 1557. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Weston Colville, S. of Newmarket. — St. Alary: Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower (rebuilt), five bells. (The tower fell in 1825 ; all the bells were broken, save one now at Wood Ditton.) A Dec. church. Good chancel arch. Chancel having fallen, and been rebuilt, is modernised. Windows without tracery, memorial E. window of stained glass. Lower walls of chancel undisturbed. Low stone screen divides chancel. Large cinquefoil niche in N. wall. Piscina on N. and S. sides. Aumbry on S. side. Slab with effigies, knight and lady, let into w^all of nave. In S. wall of chancel curiously engraved brass on tablet to Abraham Gates, B.D., 1636, has an interesting Latin inscription. He is re- presented at prayer desk, his wife on opposite side at prayer. Brass (now^ mural) a man in armour, with wife and child (c. 1420). Font modern. Some remains of old glass. Porch windows blocked, tracery on E. side. Over porch trefoiled niche. A fine lancet arch rests on three clustered shafts with bell caps. Upper portion of tower rebuilt (white brick), lower por- tion undisturbed. Remains of fine church3'ard
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 187
cross on S. side of chancel, octagonal shaft (15th cent.) with kneeling stone, squared by broaches, on pedestal block. Adjacent to base of cross N. and S. are some coped coffin-lids. A singular sundial in churchyard incribed on well-engraved metal plate :
THOMAS. SOAME
WEE S MUST 1665
It is a curious conceit (the word * dial ' = dze ahy must presumably be supplied by the reader). Register, 1700. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599.
Whaddon, N. of Royston. — St. Mary: Re- built in 14th cent. Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower, clock, three bells. Chancel modern- ised. Chancel arch E.E., dog-toothing. Oak rood-screen Perp. Large table-tomb to John d'Eschallers (pb. 1469), last of male line. Nave four Dec. octagonal piers, with square quatrefoil clerestory windows. Aisle windows square heads and transoms Dec. to Perp. Tower Perp. Octagonal font panelled Perp.; on one of its faces the arms of d'Eschallers. The whole church battlemented. D'Eschallers' brasses lost. Several armorial slabs: Thos. Tempest {pb. 1649), Pickering {pb. 1694), and later. Register, 1692. Bp.'s Transcript, 1606. Restored, 1869.
i88 THE CHURCHES OF
Whittlesea, W. of March, has two fine churches, (i) 5/. AIa?y, (2) St. Andrew. — (i) St, Mary : Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower with crocketed pinnacles and crocketed spire (strengthened by flying buttresses), clock, eight bells. Dedicated by Hervey, Bp. of Ely (1106- 1131); destroyed by fire 1244. Parts of exist- ing structure E.E., z'i:^. chancel arch, three arches of N. nave arcade, one pier, and part of N. aisle wall, several good Dec. windows, two piers circular. Chancel Perp., E. window of five lights, two ranges of windows. Chancel opens N. and S. into S. chantry Dec, restored. Lower part of rood-screen remains. The original sedilia (2) and piscina in S. wall. A second subse- quentl}^ added farther east. Four stained glass windows. N. chantry Perp. Nave, Dec, has four arches, circular and octagonal piers. N. aisle early Dec. S. aisle Dec, very wide, has two windows at either end ; below it, towards E. end, a crypt. S. porch, Dec, has stone groined roof; internally door has elegant trefoiled head. Tower and spire richly ornamented, substituted for an earlier when S. arcade was rebuilt (15th cent.) and chancel enlarged. E. side of tower cor- responds to W. face of old. Crocketed spire. Three sets of window^s of three lights, two lights, one light, with crocketed ribs. Tower of three
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 189
stages, with windows or sunk panels. On each side of belfry two windows with double light below transom, single light above. Buttresses, in part panelled, run up into crocketed pinnacles, from which, spring pierced flying buttresses. Staircase turret at N.E. angle. Beneath belfry floor a stone groined roof, with Evangelistic symbols carved on bosses. W. entrance highly ornamented, having crocketed niches flanked by canopied brackets for images. Inscriptions on bells, six and seven, as follows : —
Sixth — '* The five old bells into six was run with additional metal near a tun "
Seventh — *' Prosperity to the Established Churchy and no encouragement to enthusiasm " 175S.
(The latter sentiment is a reference to the great Methodist movement, w^hen an ''ungoverned spirit of enthusiasm " was abroad.) Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1862.
(2) St, Andrew^ church (given to the monks of Ely to enable them to make books for their library). Chancel, with N. and S. chantries, nave, aisles, S. porch, fine embattled W. tower with pinnacles, clock, six bells. Chancel and chantries Dec, E. window five lights, with un- common tracery under depressed arch. Chan- cel arch plain, without mouldings or shafts.
190 THE CHURCHES OF
Sedilia and piscina. Wide Perp. arches with embattled abaci lead into side chapels. In N. chantry a piscina. Nave late Perp., four arches, with clustered pillars each side. Cleres- tory has four large two-light windows N. and S. The wall pieces of nave open timber roof rise from grotesque stone corbels. Rood-turret in N. aisle opens on roof, and gives access to door of rood-loft. Some E.E. work at W. end of S. aisle. Porch and tower Perp., N. doorway moulded. W. door square-head foliated span- drils. E. gable of N. chantry has crocketed coping crowned with rich finial. Five two-light windows trefoiled, on N. side square head, buttress between each. String course be- neath embattled parapet. Register, 1635. Bp.'s Transcript, 1662. Restored, 1872.
Whittlesford, S. of Cambridge. — St. Mary and Andrew:^ Embattled chancel (with chantry chapel now used as vestry), nave, S. aisle, S. porch, embattled central tower, five bells. E. window Perp., three lights. N. side Perp. windows. S. side Perp. window, three lights, mullions of which form continuation of sedilia. Small Perp. piscina. Priest's door has ogee arch. Two lofty Perp. arches form entrance
^ The chantry dedicated to St. Mary was, till 1490, a separate church, therefore referred to as Sts. Mary and Andrew.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 191
to S. chapel; which has small piscina, parclose, and roof brackets. A sacristy at one time on N. side of chancel. Chancel arch Perp. Entrance to rood-loft on S. side gives access to belfry on N. side of turret. Dec. tower, window on N. side. Door into tower staircase Perp. Recent removal of plaster from tower brought to light five Norm, windows; over one was sculptured stone representing a man seated, goat whispering in his ear. Nave of three arches E.E. and Perp., octagonal piers. Two Dec. windows N. side. W. window of three lights. S. aisle Perp., with canopied piscina. S. door has good E.E. hinges. Plain square E.E. font on five shafts. Well-carved oak stalls and bench ends. Ancient chest. Beautiful fragments of alabaster (^Our Lord! s Resurrection)^ part of reredos dis- covered in chancel wail. On E. battlement of tower two shields of arms. Register, 1559- Bp.'s Transcript, 1605. Restored, 1875-82.
[Whittlesford-bridge Chapel ^ (so termed). — Fine Dec, until recently used as a barn, has interesting remains, including windows, piscina, and recess for sedilia.]
Wicken, N.W. of Newmarket. — St, Laurence: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, short square embattled W. tower with buttresses ^ In Duxford Parish.
192 THE CHURCHES OF
and pinnacles, five bells (one pre-Reformation). E. window five lights, good Perp. Chancel has three windows, S. side square headed Perp., E.E. lancet, and good Perp., with depressed arch. On N. side similar windows, small tre- foiled piscina. Chancel arch good Perp. Nave of three arches with octagonal piers, three Perp., clerestory windows each side. Aisle windows Perp., in N. aisle with depressed arches, in S. aisle square headed, three lights. N. aisle continued to small vestr}^ at W. end. Small but good tower arch. Two small brasses: (i) Mar- garet Peyton [pb. 14 14) ; (2) John Peyton (c. 1 520), formerly in S. aisle, now in private hands. Church has several memorials to Cromwell family. Henry Cromwell, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, buried here. Register (1687) contains several Cromwell entries. Among them : '* 1687. Buried The Good Lady Cromwell Elizabeth Cromwell April 11///." On chancel floor an inscribed slab to Henry Cromwell, fourth son of the Protector [ob, 1673). Register, 1582. Restored, 1879-80.
[Spinney Priory in this parish founded {temp, Henry HI.) for Austin Canons (subsequently a cell to Ely), dedicated to St. Alafy and the Holy Cross. A hospital for seven old men was attached 1321.]
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 193
Wickham, West, S. of Newmarket. — 5/. John (? St. Mary) : Chancel, nave, N. transept, S. porch, W. tower, five bells. Chancel Dec, piers of arches have been renewed. E. win- dow Dec, three lights (old design renewed), niche on either side, each has a terminal head, string carried round. Some old oak panel- ling serves as reredos. Priest's door S. side. N. and S. windows good Dec, easternmost win- dow on S. side blocked. Trefoil piscina with shelf. Rood-loft entrance remains, part of rood- screen now in W. end of tower arch. Transept has E. and N. windows blocked. Nave Dec. Perp. windows inserted. Piscina. Some good oak benches remain near transept. Font plain octagonal. Porch Dec, has stoup, much repaired. Tower arch and W. window Dec. Belfry door in E. angle. Good N. door with bold moulding. In tower basement a curious oblong panel painting of Crown resting on Bible, with text Is. xlix. 23, has been transformed from a former king's reign to the rule of 1902 ! Royal arms also re- main. S. door has an interesting early escutcheon and latch. Good gable crosses (or remains) on chancel transept and porch. Tower fine Dec. A brass, Phil. Richardson, 1634. Mural tablet to Henry Harrison, S.T.P., 1675. In churchyard
an ancient yew tree, and adjoining churchyard
N
194 THE CHURCHES OF
the village pound. There was at one time much good armorial glass. Cole (1771) mentions this glass, some of which he seems to have received from the vicar, and used in the decoration of his house at Milton. Register, 1647. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. -^ great portion of S. nave wall rebuilt, S. porch renovated, &c., when church restored, 1 899-1 900.
Wilbraham, Great, E. of Cambridge. — St. Nicholas: Chancel, nave, transepts, S. porch, embattled W. tower with pinnacles, clock, five bells. E.E. chancel has side arcades and banded shafts, high in walls. E. window triplets of lancets, with shafts under good hood. Piscina, sedilia, and an aumbry with shafts, caps foliaged. Dec. window of two lights, Perp. window, three lights, and lancet (glass by Kempe). In E. wall of S. transept large well-moulded arch has dog- tooth ornament. Fine Perp. window, four lights, and two lancets. N. transept (similar) fell down some years ago, and has been rebuilt, triplet E.E. windows being inserted from original tran- sept. Upper door into rood-loft remains. Perp. windows inserted on S. side of nave, on N. original lancets remain. Inner doorway (muti- lated) of S. porch, rich E.E., has triple nook shafts with foliated caps and two lines of tooth- ing. Tower arch (tall lancet) very fine, with
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 195
segments of arches N. and S. Tower Per p. Font trans. Norm, to E.E. Slab with double Omega ornament on tower floor. Register, 1561. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1878-9, 1882-3.
Wilbraham, Little, E. of Cambridge. — St, John Baptist: Chancel, nave, N. aisle, S. porch, embattled W. tower, three bells. Chancel late Dec, E. window three lights, flowing tracery, stained glass. S. window Perp. On N. side lancet inserted (perhaps a restoration). Brass on floor represents Wm. Blakway, rector (pb. 1 521). Doors of rood-stairs recessed at S. corner. Squint in E. arch of N. aisle. Aisle has three arches with piers, clustered octa- gonal shafts Perp. Windows without cusping. S. windows Perp. Octagonal font Perp., quatre- foil panels. S. porch has inner door enriched with tracery and shields of arms. Acute tower arch. Tower (Dec.) rests on open arches of singular form, the lean-to abutments are singu- lar. W. window of three lights. Good gable cross. Plinth, pedestal, and part of stem of churchyard cross near porch. Register, 1538. Bp.'s Transcript, 1600. Restored, 1875-89.
Wilburton, N. of Cambridge. — St, Peter: Chancel, nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower and short spire, clock, six bells. Chancel with original vestry Perp. On either side E. window
196 THE CHURCHES OF
(five lights) a good niche. Stone bench for sedilia. On N. side a Perp. table-tomb. Vestry has good Perp. door and aumbry, and low-side window. Chancel arch E.E. Rood-screen rich early Perp., crockets varied for each division. Above doorway a number of cocks with large combs. The character of the upper tracery re- produced below, with grotesque figures in panel spandrils. A new cornice and completion of cresting marks (1893) restoration. The arms of Alcock and the rebus of a cock appear on roof and elsewhere. Nave Perp. Windows large Perp., under lofty arches with continuous re- sponds. Plain octagonal E.E. font. Porch Perp., with good roof and room over, to which there is turreted stairway. Belfry staircase on S.W. side. Good Perp.poppy head seats. Brasses (i) to Richard Bole, Archdeacon of Ely {ob, 1477), in cope; (2) John Hyll and wife (1506); (3) Wm. Byrd and wife, three sons, five daughters (15 16). Remains of wall paintings. Register, 1730. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Re- stored, 185 1, and recently.
Willingham (Wyvelingham), N.W. of Cam- bridge.— St. Mary and All Saints: Chancel (with original N. chapel), clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, lofty W. tower with pinnacles, spire, clock, five bells. E. window, three lights,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 197
reconstructed from 14th cent, fragments. Dec. jambs, niches on either side, with recently re- stored images, Sts. Mary and Etheldreda. Aumbry in N. wall has marks of shelf, and hinge hooks. Dec. sedilia, and piscina on S. side. Remains of N. wall lancets. In N. wall an arched recess. Two side windows, Dec, have singular tracery. Some good stalls (oak) and roof with carved foliage and corbel heads. Late 13th cent, low-side window formed by con- tinuation of two lights of window above ; a tran- som marks the division, iron bars, &c., remain. Priest's door. The Dec.sacristy,or chapel, entered by small door on N. side, has remarkable high- pitched stone roof, supported on stone rib arches with open foliated work. The rib arches rest on brackets, with grotesque corbel heads below.^ E. window two narrow hghts with quatrefoil in head, small N.E. window of two lights under square head. At W. end, high up, a small window. Pillar piscina on S.E. Good Dec. rood-screen of oak, with traces of colour, well restored ; the loft was reached by turret stair- case from * Ely Chapel.' Nave of six arches
* An interior view in Lysons' Cambs., p. 285. The exterior view is hardly less interesting. The brick parapet of the chancel and a small side window, also the E. window of the Ely Chapel, will be noticed in the accompanying illustration.
198 THE CHURCHES OF
with multangular piers. Very fine Perp. open timber roof of rich and elaborate design, divided by principal rafters. At end of each hammer- beam is a carved angel with expanded wings, spandrils of pierced tracery. Other timbers elaborately moulded, and cornice fringed with ornament.^ There are traces of illumination. The nave walls and arcade and space over chan- cel arch have most interesting paintings. A * Doom ' picture (14th cent.) over chancel arch is deprived of its central figure by insertion of late window. Other paintings include St. Chris- topher, St. George and dragon, The Assump- tion, The Annunciation, shields of the Passion, heraldic shields. Spandrils of arches have Decalogue, &c. On N. side of chancel arch a dedication cross painted. The well-known masonry pattern (13th cent.), &c., appears within splay of lancet light in S.W. wall. The re-erec- tion, after considerable restoration, of elaborate parclose screens, at E. end of aisles of 14th and 15th cent, date, lately effected.- Piscina in S. chapel, and canopied tomb. The original altar
^ This roof said to have been brought from Barnwell Abbey in 161 J !
^ (i) Chantry founded 15 Ric. II. by John de Brune (E. end of S. aisle), Brune Chapel.
(2) Lady Chapel, commonly called Ely Chapel (E. end of N. aisle).
I
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 199
stone has been relaid. N. aisle has two canopied tomb recesses. Tlie pentagonal pulpit early Perp., on octagonal shaft, has panelled sides finely carved. Octagonal font Perp., with fine modern cover. The chapel roofs Perp., have carved bosses and ancient colouring. Aisle windows Dec. and Perp. Fine S. porch, has good side windows, niche over entrance, stoup, and several pieces of early-wrought masonry. Fine Dec. tower arch has richly-moulded caps, battlemented and octagonal jambs with stone benches. Upper stage of tower pierced by four two-light windows, having dripstones, the parapet battlemented with semi-quatrefoils. Crocketed flying buttresses from pinnacles to spire; deep moulding at base. Good gargoyles. Church battlemented. In upper part of chancel walls 17th cent, brickw^ork. The remarkable work of restora- tion was carried through by the late revered John Watkins, rector 1 900-1906, who accomplished so much, and did it so well (vide Introduction), Register, 1559. Bp.'s Transcript, 1604.
Wimblington, hamlet of Doddington. — St, Peter : Church erected 1874. Register, 1874.
Wimpole, S.W. of Cambridge. — St. Andrew : Church (except chantry) rebuilt 1749 (termed a * classic ' structure) of red brick and stone, after a design by FHtcroft. Chancel, nave, chantry, S.
200 THE CHURCHES OF
porch, and W. tower, one bell. Some good armorial glass belonging to the old church, and later glass by Pecket. The Chichele chapel has monuments to Sir Thos. Chichele (ob. 1616); Philip, 1st Earl Hardwicke, and Lord Chancellor (pb. 1764); 2nd Earl Hardwicke {pb. 1790). A table-tomb with recumbent effigy to 3rd Earl Hardwicke, K.G. {pb. 1834), and others of Yorke family. The Norm, polygonal font is the chief object of interest. Chantries founded (i) in 1270 by Sir Robert de Insula, Kt.; (2) 1459, Standon's chantry. Register, 1540. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1599. Restored, 1887.
Wisbech. — Sts. Peter and Paul : An interest- ing church of singular form and arrangement, seen in an arcade which divides nave and aisles. Navehas been widened, and second nave, separatee by arches and piers, late Perp., added. There art two chancels, or rather a Dec. aisle to chancel, that on N. being longer than that on S., originally Norm. The church consists of two chancels, double nave, aisles, transept chapel, S. porch, large embattled N.W. tower, clock, ten bells.^ Chancel Dec, reredos of stone, alabaster and mosaic, by Salviati, the principal feature being a reproduction
^ On eighth bell is inscribed (1823) :
" I praise the Lord, the people call, convoke the priests; The dead deplore, plague drive away, and gladden feasts."
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 201
of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper ; canopied figures of Sts. Peter and Paul on either side. Aisle has Perp. windows. E. window has five lights, foHated. Windows on N. side two fights Dec. Chancel arches Dec, of great span, probably built on Norm, piers. Chancels are separated by three Dec. arches with clustered piers. In S. chancel Dec. piscina. Nave has five Norm, arches with circular or shafted piers and square caps. N. side opening into aisle Perp. S. side four Perp. arches opening into second nave (or aisle), as high and wide as nave proper. Perp. clerestory, some Dec. clerestory windows. Beyond this another aisle Perp., with early Perp. S. doorway, and porch with room above. At ,W. end of nave two trans. Norm, arches (? for ba tower), also octagonal stone turret for bell. fFine Dec. window at W. end (there are altogether thirty-four windows in the church). Sir Gilbert Scott thought that the church, as now arranged, dated from Perp. period. Anyway its formation is curiously piecemeal, and carried on regardless of appearance. The battlements of fine Perp. tower are richly panelled, pierced and pinnacled. Under belfry windows a rich band of quatrefoils and shields. The arms of the See, with others, are in the upper stage. Lower part of tower forms a porch ; entrance on N. side with traceried
202 THE CHURCHES OF
spandrils enriched with grotesque sculpture. The battlements of chapel are panelled ; below is a rich band of quatrefoils and shields of con- siderable interest ; recurring rebus 2<* QSutW^ff points to founder of chantry (c. 1500). Font plain Dec, with shafts. Fine effigy brass — nearly six feet in length — to Sir Thos. de Braunstone (1401), constable of Wisbech Castle. The greater part of fine canopy and commence- ment of inscription missing. Mural monument represents Thos. Parke and wife (two large-sized figures) kneeling at a low desk, at end of which is another kneeling female, the man in armour, the woman wears a broad brimmed hat and flowing garment {temp. James I.) ; arms of wife and husband repeated. Another similar monu- ment to Mathias Ta^'lor and wife (1633). Another to wife of Henry Bourrough, who died in child- birth (165 1 ), having the figure of a weeping child. There are many Southwell and other memorials. Register, 1558. Bp.'s Transcript, 1601. Restored, 1858, and later.
St. Augustine^ an ecclesiastical parish formed (1869) from Wisbech St. Peter and Leverington, erected 1868-9. The Octagon Church is a chapel-of-ease.
Wisbech, S.W. of Wisbech St. Peter.— 5/. Mary^ includes ecclesiastical districts of Guyhirn
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 203
and Murrow : Cliancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, embattled W. tower with small spire, clock, five bells (the curfew is still rung). Chancel has E. window of five lights. Windows N. and S. of three lights. Nave has five depressed arches with octagonal piers and clerestory windows of three lights. Some curious brackets and remains of large stoup in Perp. porch. Font and tower earlier than rest of church, being late Dec. Sanctus bell -cot on E. gable of nave. The eminent ecclesiastics and others who died while confined in the castle (temp. Elizabeth) are buried in churchyard. Register, 1557. Bp.'s Tran- script, 1602.
Witcham, W. of Ely. — St, Martin : Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower with pin- nacles, one bell. Chancel E.E. (formerly thatched). String course (part), two original lancets. E. window Dec. Perp. side windows. Double E.E. piscina, plain. Chancel arch Perp. Nave of five arches S. side, four on N. Dec, with octagonal piers. In sill of N.E. window piscina. Massive pulpit of stone early Perp. The ancient stone steps were recently discovered. Octagonal font fine E.E., square basin, sculptured with grotesque figures ; it rests on five shafts with moulded caps and bases. Tower E.E., with fine recessed arch. Some benches with poppy heads.
204 THE CHURCHES OF '
Remains of Perp. screen. Porch Perp. Re- gister, 1663. Bp.'s Transcript, 1607.
Witchford, S.W. of Ely.— 5/. Nicholas (? St. Andrew) : Chancel, nave, N. porch, low em- battled W. tower, three bells. Chancel Dec. E. window of three lights stained glass, small piscina, and double aumbry. Lancet low-side window. On each side of chancel arch a plain cinquefoil niche. Nave Dec. S. window larger than others, of like character and date. In N. wall of nave a double aumbry. Plain Dec. octa- gonal font on moulded circular base. Porch Perp. Tower E.E. (perhaps earlier), has gable cross built into east face. Register, 1778. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 185 1, 1887.
Wood Ditton, S.E. of Newmarket. — St. Mary: Chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, S. porch, W. tower, five bells (the treble brought from Weston Colville after fall of tower), three-lined inscription filed off.i Chancel Dec, roof lately raised (vestry and organ chamber added N. side). Two good niches and piscina, good Perp. rood-screen, stairs
1 The fourth and fifth bells (of Stephen Tonne) of special interest, and although of post-Reformation date, have the inscription :
►J* Sum rosa pulsata mundi Maria vocata
and ■^ Virginis assumpta nomen gero dme Marii.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 205
preserved in wall. Nave of four arches, piers octagonal with moulded caps, some clustered. Four clerestory windows Perp., a continuous string from hood mouldings. Windows Dec. and Perp. ; both in chancel and aisles, new ones inserted or rebuilt. Some memorials of stained glass. At end of S. aisle, early Perp., piscina and stoup near N. door. Fine oak chancel and nave roofs (recent). Octagonal font Perp., panelled. Fragments of painted glass. Some open benches with poppies. Perp. porch has good wooden roof. Tower Perp., has fine W. doorway, square below, octagonal above ; at one time battlemented. A fine brass to Henry Eng- lish (in armour) and wife (in kirtle and mantle) 1393, the lady's head missing. Nave and aisles battlemented. Register, 1567. Restored, 1898-9.
[Saxon Street, an ancient hamlet, has a modern chapel-of-ease.]
Wratting, West, S. of Newmarket. — St. An- drew: Chancel, nave, S. porch, embattled W. tower, clock, five bells. Until quite recently this church was strangely disfigured, the window tracery had its place occupied by round-headed * Grecian ' sashes ; a brief description tells how that the E. window was ' Venetian,' chancel arch * Roman, on Roman pilasters,' the mould- ing ' QgQ and anchor pattern.' The old font
2o6 THE CHURCHES OF
had given place to a marble basin on thin turned leg and stand ! This extraordinary work was effected by Sir Jacob Shafto {ob, 1740). The church has lately undergone complete transfor- mation. Chancel Perp., has good five-light E. window, double piscina (mutilated), cinquefoil tracery with stone bracket and ledge. A fine Perp. window S.E. has been opened out, and filled with stained glass. Old chancel pews have given place to stalls. Good restored roof, old beams remaining. A low stone wall at chancel entrance. At E. end of Dec. nave, N. side, an enriched niche, displaying much colour; close by is a good piscina, a narrow stone ledge above with a tiny recessed niche. On S.E. side a blocked niche (in corresponding space to that on N.E. wall) with older work below ; some tracery of this niche is loose, and fragmentary. There was an upper and lower rood entrance from without, conspicuous in S. wall within, and well marked on exterior wall. Close by is a piscina. The rood-door divides the altar space from piscina, an arrangement necessitated by absence of aisle. Good dripstone heads. Four elerestory windows of two lights under square heads. Two fine old corbel figures lay on aisle floor. In S. porch a Perp. stoup, large and of uncommon shape; the water receptacle, oblong,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE 207
has panelled divisions at back. Sundial over porch. Good tower arch Dec, circular piers and caps. A battered brass (now mural) to Michael Dalton, an eminent lawyer. His second wife was a daughter of Sir Giles Allington of Horse- heath. A brass in chancel to Ann Walker, wife of a rector (1610). A slab to Andrew Perne, LL.D. (1679). Tablet on N. chancel wall com- memorates Sir Charles Watson, Bart., created by George II. (1760) at the early age of eigJit years in consideration of services of his father (Ad- miral Watson). Memorials to the Shafto family. There is a good recent font and well-carved lectern. Register, 1579. Bp.'s Transcript, 1599. Restored, 1897.
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA
Great Abington.— P. i, line 3, /^r 'which is,' read ' formerly.' Line ^^^for ' built,' read ' formerly built.' The two easternmost windows on N. side are early Norman lancets, deeply splayed. The Perp. E. window occupies in part the place of former triplet. A squint in S.E. wall. N. doorway blocked ; has small window inserted.
Little Abington.— On S. side of chancel the W. window has transom for Mow-side window.' N. of chancel arch, adjacent to wall-opening (squint), is a curious square 'low-side window.' S. porch roof orna- mented with Tudor rose, &c., a mutilated angle stoup in niche. A small stone coffin in S. wall recess in tower basement.
Barton. — Over porch is room with two lights, blocked. Upon rood-screen are the arms of Arundel, Vere, Lisle, and See of Ely. The rood staircase and doorways are in evidence. Jacobean pulpit has carved scroll with LR. Anno Dom : 1635. The position of the font has been altered.
Caldecot. — Piscina in S. chancel wall.
Chatteris. — Chancel has recently been lengthened and side chapels added, the aisles extended and widened, and bay added at W. end. Most of the windows have been replaced or renewed. The description (p. 43) has been revised up to date.
Gamlingay. — Chancel has piscina and sedilia restored,
also the Perp. windows. On N. side a low stone seat
n wall recess. A squint on N. side of chancel arch.
209 Q
2IO ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA
Low-side windows N. and S. Upper doorway to rood-loft remains. Clerestory has five windows of two lights on either side. The nave spandrils on S. side have circular ornaments. A widely splayed lancet in N. wall of aisle, also a tomb recess with incised cross slab. Locker for processional cross by S. door in aisle wall. Niche and old oak benches in N. chapel ; aumbry and like benches in S. chapel. The interesting restored font (inadvertently described (p. 79) as Perp.) is early '13th cent, date, of purbeck marble, the basin resting on eight new shafts and central stem, raised on two steps and octagonal base. The A'', porch o?ily has groined roof ; it has stone coffin lids as benches. Fine pulpit sounding-board serves as vestry table. Good Dec. tower arch ; upper and lower doorways on N. side lead to belfry. The old carved W. doors preserved in tower basement. Stem and base of churchyard cross.
Great Eversden. — The S. doorway now blocked. Churchyard wall has coffin lids as part coping.
Girton. — The two windows of chamber over S. porch have now (191 1) been renewed.
Homingsea. — P. 102, line 10, for 'five' read 'four.' The stone bench and rood-screen panels have disap- peared.
Kingston. — Piscina in S. aisle.
OrweU. — Credence niche in N. chancel wall. Niche (blocked) on N. side by chapel. S. porch has stone seats. Four of the bells are on floor of tower basement.
Stowe cu}>i Quy. — N. aisle window no longer blocked.
Toft. — S. aisle piscina and niche, and stoup in porch have disappeared in recent restoration. S.E. window sill lowered to form sedile.
Willingham. — Stone seats at foot of jambs of tower arch. Lancet lights N. and S. Porch has stone benches,
INDEX
Abington, Great, i, 209
,, Little, xix, xxi, 2,
209 ,, Piggotts, 2
Alabaster painted figures, xxxix,
136, 740, 180, 191 Alan de Walsingham, his work and influence, xxviii, 34, 183 Altar-piece, 28
Altar recess and ledge, 47, 83, 95 Altar-stone, 27, 39, 53, 119, 159,
174, 184, 198 Anselm, St. , xxi Archaologia, 39 Architectural peculiarities, 42,
48. 73. 97. 120 Architectural styles, xxvi Armour, 56, 75, 89, 93, 104, 151 Arms of bishops or See of Ely, 114, 115, 116, 170, 183, 201, 2og ,, royal, 6, 130, 193 Arrington, 3 Ashley cum Silverley, 3
Babraham, 4 Balsham, xxxviii, 5 Harrington, xxix, 6 Bartizan, 48 Bartlow, xxxi, 8 Barton, 8, 209 Barway (Soham), 161 Bassingbourne, xxviii, xxix, 10 Becket, St. Thomas, 74, 95 Bells, XXXV, 8, 21, 26, 27, 28, 30,
41, 44, 47, 52 Bench ends, xxxiii
Benches, inscribed, 15, 51,106, no, 163
Benches, stone, 133, 144, 170, 199, 210
Bible translators, monuments to, 53, 142
Bier, xxxiv
Bishop's palace, 59, 127
Borough Green, xxxix, 10
Bottisham, xxi, xxxviii, 12
Bourne, 14
BoxMorth, 16
Brass, ' palimpsest,' 20
Brasses, monumental, xxxix, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 27, 30, 61, 70, 74, 78, 79, 81, 88, 94, 96, 98, 103, 107, 109; 113, 122, 128, 133, 136, 151, 152, 153, 155, 161, 162, 165, 167, 173, 174, 179, 181, 186, 192, 193, 195, 196, 202, 205, 207
Brickwork, 17, 199
Brinkley, 17
Bucer and Fagius buried and disinterred, 33, 36
Burwell, xxx, xxxi, 18
Caldecot, 20, 209 Cambridge —
All Saints, xxiv, xxxv, 21, 184
Christ Church, 24
St. Andrew the Great, 23 ,, ,, Less, 23
St. Barnabas, 41
St. Benedict, xxxi, 24
St. Botolph, xl, 27
St. Clement, 29
212
INDEX
Cambridge (con/inueJ) — St. Edward, 30 St. Giles, xxi, 31 St. Mary the Great, xxxii, 32 ,, ,, Less, xxxix, 34 St. Matthew, 38 St. Michael, 35 St. Paul, 37 St. Peter, xvii, xx, 37 Sepulchre, Holy, 38 Trinity, Holy, xxxii, xxxvii,
39 Cambridge ArchiBological
Museum, xxxii, xxxvii, 24, 55,
136, 140
Cambridge Camden Society (CCS.). 23, 38, 39
Cambridgeshire churches, enu- meration of, xxii
Cambridgeshire churches under Domesday survey, xxiv
Cambridgeshire, ecclesiastical aspect of, xvi, xl
Canopies, a series for images, 19
Carlton, 41
Castle Camps, 41
Caxton, 42
Chantries, 4, 5, 7, 11, 15, 28, 30, 35. 60, 66, 77, 93, 105, 126, 138, 145, 164, 175, 177, 188, 189, 190, 198, 200, 202
Chapel over entrance, 73
Chatteris, xxxii, xxxvii, xl, 43, 209
Chesterton, 44
,, St. Luke, 46
Chests, xxxiv, 8, 16, 27, 48, 53, 59, 69, 72, 89, lor, 112, 115, 124, 127, 128, 140, 162, 171, 191
Chettisham, 46
Cheveley, xxxiv, xxxvi, xxxvii, 46
Child erley, 48
Chippenham, xxxv, 49
Church accounts, ancient, xxviii, 30
Church, despoiled, 118, 131
Church on piles, 124
Churches, dilapidated or de- stroyed, 22, 31, 48, 77, 86, 99, no, 131, 142, 156, 165, 172, 173
Churches, materials of which built, XXX
Churches, sad condition of, in Ely Archdeaconry in 1685, XX ix
Churches, spoiled, xviii, xxviii
Churches, the large size of some, xxxi
Churches (two) in one church- yard, 77, 172
Church3'ard crosses, 56, 98, 117, 127, 155, 187, 195, 210
Clunch, XXX
Coates (and Eastrea), 50
Coffin ledges, 47, 102, 116, 117 ,, lids, 4, 46, 85, 98, 125, 139, 140, 142, 149, 155, 162, 167, 176, 187, 210
Coffin of St. Etheldreda, 84
Coffin (stone), 13, 81, 85, 123, 135, 140, 156, 158, 162, 176, 195, 209
Coldham, 50
Cole, Rev. \Vm., 29, 194
College chapels in parish churches, 25, 30, 34, 36
Collier, Jeremy, non-juror, 165
Columbarium (catacombs), xl, 127
Comberton, 51
Communion table, Elizabethan, 64, 88, 142
Conington, xxxv, 52
Consecration or dedication crosses, 28, 40, 63, 106, no, 122, 198
Constable's staff deposited in church, 17
Cook, Capt. .commemorated, 23
Corbels, &c., xxxii, 143
Coton, xl, 52
Cottenham, 53
Coveney, xxix, 55
Cromwell memorials, 192
Croxton, 56
INDEX
213
Croydon cum Clopton, 57 Crypts, 19, 34. 73
Danes' assault upon the churches of Cambridgeshire, xviii
Deaneries, Rural, xxii
Dedications, church, xxxiv, 47, 69
Ditton, Fen, 62
Doddington, 57
Downham, xxvii, 58
Dowsing, Wni., xxix, 6
Drake, Francis, 122
Drayton, Dry, 61 ,, Fen, 61
Dullinghani, 64
Duxford St. John, xxi, 65 St. Peter, 66
E.\STER Sepulchre, the, asso- ciation with low-side window, xxxvi
Ecclesiologist, the, 39
Elm, xxvii, xxxv, 67 ,, (Fridaybridge), 68
Elsworth, 68
Eltisley, 69
Ely, Bp. and Archdeacon of, xxii
Ely diocese, foundation of, xxii
Ely Episcopal visitation in 1655, state of the churches, xxxix
Ely, Holy Trinity, xxviii, 70 ,, St, Mary, xxvi, 71
Ely, Queens of, 168
Estrea, 50
Etheldreda, St., xxxiv, 84, 99
Eversden, Great, 72, 210 ,, Little, 72
Font cover, 124
,, in wooden case, 28
Fonts, dated, 12, 33, 64
,, disused, 71, 87, 146
,, noticeable, xxxviii, 3, 37,
41, 46, 53, 57, 58, 59, 64, 66,
76, 84, 86, 95, 99, III, 114,
119, 124, 130, 134, 140, 144,
156, 163, 168, 169, 187, 203,
204, 210 Fordham, xxxiv, 73 Founder's tomb, the, xxxvi Fowl mere, 75 Foxton, 75 Fridaybridge, 68 Fulbourne, xxxiii, 'j'j
Gable cross, 16, 21, 50, 69, 74, 82, 93, 101, 119, 133, 165,
193. 195. 204
Gamlingay, xxxvii, xxxviii, 79, 209
Girton, 80, 210
Glass, armorial, 32, 6o, 194, 200
Gorefield, 118
Grandsen Parva, 82
Grantchester, 82
Graveley, 84
Gravestones, pictorial, xl, 142
' Grecian ' {classical) architec- ture, 57, 85, 199, 205
Grotesques (gargoyles, &c. ), xl, 48, 102, 143, 144
Guilden Morden, xxxii, 85
Guyhirn, 202
Haddenham, 86 Hard wick, 88 Harlton, 89 Harston, 90 Haslingfield, 91 Hatchments, xxxiv Hatley, East, xxix, 93 ,, St. George, 94 Hauxton, xxi, 94 Hermitage (St. Huna), 43 Hildershani, 95 Hinton, Cherry, xxxv, 97 Hinxton, 98 Histon, xxxi, xxxiv, 99 Hobson, carrier, 27 Horningsea, 102, 210 Horseheath, 103 Hospitals, 71, 123, 130, 192
ICKLETON, xviii, 104
Image of mitred abbot, xxxvii
214
INDEX
Impington, 107
Incised cross slabs, 33, 55, 65, 141, 167, 183, 210
Injunctions of Bishop Good- rich in 1541 for destroying altars, &c., xxxix
Inscriptions of interest, 18, 19, 183
Ironwork, xl
Isleham, xxi, xxxv, 108
Kennett, xxxv, 1 10 Kingston, iii, 210 Kirtling, xxi, 112 Knapwell, 114
Knights Templars and Hos- pitallers, 50, 156
Landbech, 114
Landwade, 116
Latimer, Hugh, 31
Lectern, 73, loi, 109, 115, 120,
147
Lenten veil, xxxvi
Leverington, xxxi, xxxviii, 118
Linton, xxi, 120
Litlington, 122
Littleport, 123
,, Prickwillow, 124
,, St. Matthew, 124
Lockers for processional cross, &c. , xxxviii, 210
Lode (Bottisham), 124
Lolworth, 124
Long Stanton, All Saints, 125 ,, ,, St. Michael, XXX,
xl, 127
Long Stowe, 129
Low-side windows [specula- tories), xxxvi, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62, 64, 69, 81, 83, 93, 105, III, 112, 121, 126, 128, 143, 148, 175, 178, 181. 185, 197, 209, 210
Madingley, 130
Malton, 142 Manea, 131 March, 131
Mary, St., and theHoly Host, xxxiv, 47
Maze, 16
Medallions of terra-cotta, 65
Melbourne, 133
Meldreth, xxiv, 134
Mepal, 135
Milton, 135
Misericords, s, 73, 79,109, 114, 136, 141, 143, 159
Monolith piers, 105, 166
Monum.ental effigies, noticeable, xxxix, 96, 109, 113, 116, 127, 129, 148, 154, 178, 202
Monuments by Chantrey, Flax- man, and Westmacott, 65, 137
Murrow, 203
Newmarket, All Saints, 137
Newton, 137
Newton in the Isle, 138
Niche, inscribed, 102
Niches, noticeable, xxxvi, 2O; 89, 210
Norman and Saxon architec- ture, relationship of, xix
Norman builders, xix, xxi
Norman features, xix, xxi
Oakixgton, xxxiv, 139 Orwell, xxi, 140, 210 Oswald, St., xxxv Over, 142
Painted boards, 125, 193
Paintings, mural, xxxix, 8, 14,
45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 54, 84, 89,
95, 107, III, 112, 149, 158,
165, 196, 198
Paintings (other), 28, 31, 36,
37. 41 Palavicini (collector of papal
dues), 4 Pampisford, xxi, 145 Pandiana, St., xxxv, 69 Papworth, Agnes, 146
,, Everard, 146
Parclose screens, xxxii, 13, 14,
63, 76, 86, 119, 151, 152, 158,
159. 198
INDEX
215
Paiis, Matthew, historian, 42
Parson Drove, 147
Pewter flagon, 114
Pictorial linen cloth, 114
Pier with building inscription,
183 Piscinae, noticeable, xxxviii, 12,
68 Ploughs in churches, xxix Porch ('Galilee'), 13 wood, 73, 108 Prickwillow, 164 Pulpit, dated, 153, 155, 209 ,, Dec. , xxxiii, 78 ,, Jacobean, 8, 17, 46, 57, 72, 84, 90, 98, 112,
137. 143. 149. 153. 155, 178, 182, 209 ,, Perp., xxxiii, 69, 92, 95,
115. 199 ,, sounding-boards, 16, 34,
155. 210 ,, stone, Perp., 203
QuY, 148, 164, 210
Rampton, XX, xxvi, XXX, xxxii, XXXV, xxxix, 148
Reach, 18, 150
Reading-desk, Jacobean, 95
Register extract, 116
Religious houses, their influ- ence in regard to churches,
XV, XXV
Reliquary niche (?), 89
Reredos, re-table, xxxix, 55, 89, 96, 107, 136, 140, 141, 180, 191
Roman Britain, churches in, xvii, xix
Roman occupation and influ- ence, xvi, xvii, 84
Roman remains, xvii, 38, 84,
105
Rood-lofts, 5, 143
Rood-screens, xxxii, 5, 9, 10, 15, 20, 21, 28, 33, 41, 44, 48, 49. SI. 52, 59. 61, 63, 76, ^7, 79. 80, 85, 88, 90, 91. 95, 97,
105, 109, HI, 113, 115, 117, 122, 123, 125, 134, 136, 140, M3. 145. 152, 15s. 163, 164, 166, 173, 175, 177, 180, 181, 185, 187, 188, 193, 196, 197, 204, 209
Rood-screens, stone, 13, 89
Roofs, xxxii
,, inscribed, 19, 109
,, stone groined, xxxii, 20,
24, 33. 40. 79. 120,
132, 153, 170, 188, 197
,, thatched, xxix, 22, 56,
128, 145, 150 ,, transference of, 184 ,, with blazoned shields, 141
Sacristies (vestries), 35, 49, 62, ']'] , 85, 96, 97, 108, 120, 154, 178, 191, 19s, 197
Sanctuary, 57
Sanctus bell-cot, 133, 134, 145, 203
Sawston, 150
Saxon and Norman as related arts, xix, xx
Saxon (?) remains, xx, 2, 3, 25, 26, 31, 105
Saxon Street, 205
Screen erected by Bishop Cosin in Great St. Mary's, Cam- bridge, in 1640, xxxiii, 33
Sculptured figures, &c. , 100,
141, 145, 157, 170
,, knot or interlaced
work, XX ,, royal arms, 130
Sedilia, xxxiv, xxxviii, 12, 68, 72, 17
Shelford, Great, xxxiv, 152 ,, Little, xxxix, 153
Shepreth, 156
Shingay, 156
Shudy Camps, 157
Snailwell, xxxi, 157
Soham, 158
Southea, 118
Spires, xxxi
2l6
INDEX
Stalls, 21, 36, 68, 71, 72,73,79, 90, 100, log, 114, 136, 141,
143. 154. 159. tgi, 197 Stapleford, xxi, 161 Steeple Morden, 162 Stetchworth, 163 Stoups, holy water, noticeable,
xxxviii, 90, 99, 104, 121, 206 Stowe cum Quy, 164 Stretham, xxiv, 166 Stuntney, 168 Sundials, 69, 122, 150, 153, 161,
187, 207 Sutton, xxxi, 169 Swaffham Rulbeck, 171
,, Prior, 172 Swavesey, 174
Tadlow, 176 Teversham, xxiv, 177 Thatched chvirches, xxix, 56,
128. 145, 150 Thetford, xxiv, 167 Thorney, 178 Thriplow, 179 Toft, 180, 210 Tower, passage under, 22, 123,
132 Towers, lantern, 20, 171, 173 ,, remarkable, xxxi, 8,
20, 26, 48, 55, 59, 66, loi,
123, 153, 157, 171. 172, 179.
185, 188 Triforium, 68, 178 Triptych, 41 Trumpington, 181 Tydd St. Giles, 182 Tympana, Norman, xxi, 13, 67,
113. 145
Upwell (Christ Church), 183
Vernicle on paten {c. 1500),
148 Vestries. Vide Sacristies
Waterbech, 183
Wayside cross, 65, 167
Wells in churchyard, xli, 29
Wendreda, St., xxxv, 131
Wendy, 184
Wendy, Thos. , court physician,
92 Wentworth, 185 Westley Waterless, 185 W^eston Colville, 186 Whaddon, 187 Whittlesea, St. Andrew, xxxi,iS9
St. Mary, 188 Whittlesford , 190 Whittlesford-bridge Chapel, 191 Wicken, 191 Wickham, West, 193 Wilbraham, Great, 194
,, Little, xxviii, 195
Wilburton, 195 Willingham, xxxii, xxxiii, 196,
210 Wimblington, 199 Wimpole, 199 Window tracery, xxxi Wisbech, St. Mary, 202
,, Sts. Peter and Paul,
200 Witcham, 203 Witchford, 204 Wood Ditton, xxxv, 204 Wooden effigies, 96 Woodwork, xxxiii, 56, 65, 68,
loi, 114, 115, 121, 127, 139,
163, 193 , 210 Wratting, West, 205 Wren, Bishop, 35, 59, 179
Printed by Ballanttne, Hanson <5r' Co. Edinburgh <5^ London
r'-^ r
^-U
►
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SUPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY