123 allowed to pass. No court dignitary, no Chamber- lain or Master of Ceremonies was there in attend- ance, but some privileged female servant (called mama) had to convey his humble nazar to his august master with his adab (respects). The message was received, not by the child Nizam, but by his grandmother, who acknowledged it by sending to the Dewan her blessings in return. On his departure the Dewan repeated the salaam ceremony at each of the gates exactly as before until he reached the main entrance on the road. From there, having made his final salute to the palace, he rode back in state as he had come. " Modern scoffers may laugh at all this if they like ; but would they venture to say that such pompous ceremonial was out of place or out of time then, as it would be now? When we take such things out of their proper setting and criticise them, we commit a sad anachronism in thought and a solecism in taste. " Personally I give great praise to Sir Salar Jung for having in this manner taught Hyderabad the honour and reverence due to the Ruler who was a precious relic of the Moghal supremacy in India—a king in miniature. What I have related here I heard more than once from the lips of the late Hakeem Shaf ai Khan, physician to the Nizam. The young Nizam's education was an object of much solicitude to the Government of India, as may be seen from the following extract rom a letter dated March, 1869 :